American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 34, November - 2024 25 | P a g e THE CHANGES REGARDING THE SUPPLY OF SPECIALIST PERSONNEL TO THE FERGHANA VALLEY MEDICINE Guldona Anvarbekovna Mamasolieva Senior Teacher of the Department of World History of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan Abstract: In this article, the training of qualified medical personnel in the field of health care in Andizhan, Ferghana and Namangan regions of the Ferghana Valley, the work carried out in universities and secondary medical educational institutions in this direction, the activities of doctors and medical staff are studied with the help of scientific literature and archival data. Keywords: Andizhan, Namangan, Ferghana, medicine, qualified doctors, nurses, medical schools. Introduction The division of medicine into different specialties creates conditions for providing high- quality medical care for patients in each direction. As a result, this led to the birth of a wrong concept in the minds of the population that narrow specialists are not only qualified doctors, but also a decisive factor in medicine. As a result, by the middle of the 20th century, serious problems arose regarding the selection of specialists to work as general practitioners. Various ways to get out of this situation have been sought. Since the second half of the last century, the medical and economic reasons and conditions in the developed countries of the world dictated the transition to the training of general practitioners [3.25]. RESEARCH METHODS Turkestan People's University was opened in April 1918, and the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine was of great importance in establishing higher medical education in Turkestan. A special commission consisting of 12 people was formed on the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine, and preparatory work was started in Moscow and Tashkent. P.P. Sitkovsky, K.T. Khrushchev, A.N. Kryukov, M.N. Zaharchenko, A.V. Martinov, A.I. Abrikosov, L.A. Tarasevich from the professors of Moscow University actively participated in the preparatory work. they did Personnel, necessary equipment, training manuals were collected for the faculty. Petrograd University, Moscow Polytechnic Institute greatly helped in this [3.24]. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 34, November - 2024 26 | P a g e RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS On December 4, 1919, the Scientific Council of the Turkestan State University made a decision to turn this school into a medical faculty within the university at a meeting held together with representatives of the Higher Medical School. On November 24, 1920, the Higher Medical School was transformed into the Faculty of Medicine of the Turkestan State University. P.P. Sitkovsky was appointed as the dean of the faculty, and K.G. Khrushchev was appointed as the deputy dean. In 1921, 1 out of 12 students who graduated from the Faculty of Medicine was a woman. As a result of the work done in the field of medicine in the following years, the number of female doctors also increased. In particular, 11 out of 27 graduates in 1922, 18 out of 25 graduates in 1923, 13 out of 28 graduates in 1924 were women [4.30]. The Soviet government paid a certain amount of attention to the training of medical personnel and opened schools for the training of secondary and junior medical personnel in the cities of Turkestan, such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Ferghana, and Kokand. In 1918, a school of medical nurses named after A. M. Kollontai was established under the leadership of P. F. Borovsky. In the academic year 1920-1921, a total of 20 students received medical education. The role of qualified personnel in the development of every industry is incomparable. In order to develop the health care system in Turkestan, the efforts of Jadids have been high. Medical schools and courses for training paramedics, assistant pharmacists, nurses, sanitary inspectors were organized by the sanitary-education department of the People's Commissariat of Health of the Turkestan ASSR. In 1922, there were 13 schools of this type in Uzbekistan, and 536 students studied in them. 50 of them, for example, 10 percent, were representatives of the local nationality. In 1925, a medical technical school was opened in Ferghana, in 1927 in Samarkand, and in 1930 in Bukhara. The establishment of medical schools and technical institutes was of great importance in revitalizing the health care of the country's population. Famous medical scientists such as A.Z.Zohidov, Ya.K.Muminov, I.K.Komilov, A.Yusupov, Kh.G.Gafurov studied in these educational institutions [4.35]. As a result of the center's one-sided policy in the social sphere, the shortage of qualified doctors for the representatives of the local population remained during this period. This, in turn, had an impact on people's health. Andizhan State Medical Institute was established on the basis of decisions No. 241 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated August 2, 1955 and No. 639 of the Council of Ministers of the former Uzbek SSR dated September 21, 1955. The establishment of this institute was important for the population of the valley regions and the health care system. Initially, the faculty of treatment with 10 departments began to operate. During this period, 120 students received education. Later, the number of students increased and the number of departments also increased. By 1957, the number of students of the medical faculty reached 470. In the first years of the establishment of the institute, there were many deficiencies in terms of scientific and pedagogical personnel. In order to meet the needs of the institute in this American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 34, November - 2024 27 | P a g e field, young, talented pedagogues-scientists from Tashkent and Samarkand medical institutes were sent to work at the institute with the referral of the Ministry of Health. Gradually, with the passage of time, the scientific and pedagogical potential of the institute increased. In 1965, clinical residency training courses began to operate under the institute. In November 1966, the Faculty of Pediatrics was established. In 1972, the Central Asian Medical Pediatric Institute (SAMPI) was opened in Tashkent, so students studying at the faculty were transferred to it (now TashPMI). In 1976, in connection with the improvement of the material and technical base of the institute, the need to train highly qualified pediatricians for the institutions of the Ferghana Valley, and the opening of the clinic of the Andizhan State Medical Institute, according to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 01/701, the faculty of pediatrics was reorganized in the Andizhan State Medical Institute 12 departments were opened. As a result, training of general pediatric specialists operating in the primary medical system was started at the faculty [5]. Of course, during these years, 10 thousand students graduated from the Andijan State Medical Institute and began to work in medical institutions not only in the valley regions, the republic, but also in the CIS and foreign countries. However, the need for qualified medical personnel in the Ferghana Valley has not been fully resolved. This can be attributed to the increasing population. For example, in 1980, there were 2,600 doctors and 8,200 secondary medical workers in Namangan region, and 21 doctors served every 10,000 inhabitants [6.74]. In the republic, this figure was 27, and Namangan was in 6th place in this field. After the Republic of Uzbekistan gained independence, serious attention was paid to the issue of personnel training in the healthcare system. The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov, in his speech delivered at the IV session of the Oliy Majlis on December 21, 1995, touched on the tasks facing the health sector in the country and defined the tasks that should be implemented in this regard [2.181]. In 1995, 75 thousand 117 doctors, 246 thousand 124 medical workers with secondary education, 2 thousand 571 pharmacists served the population of the country in all specialties of medicine. The number of doctors in the republic increased by 106 times in 1995 compared to 1991. During this period, 5 thousand 608 highly educated specialists were trained in the republic, including 2 thousand 517 specialists in treatment, 2 thousand 83 specialists in pediatrics, 321 specialists in hygiene, sanitation and epidemiology, 328 specialists in dentistry, and 359 specialists in pharmacy [7,143]. An increase in the number of educational institutions and admission plans for the training of nurses and secondary medical workers in the state programs in the field of health care was determined in the republic. In 1998, there were 47 secondary medical educational institutions under the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan. More than 47,000 students were taught by 3,000 teachers in 8 specialties. A national system of training of medical specialists was created in higher medical schools in the country. According to him, a proposal was made to increase the study time for American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 34, November - 2024 28 | P a g e practical training, to allocate almost 30% of the study time for independent work of students. During this period, a number of activities were carried out in the valley regions to improve the qualifications and retraining of industry workers. In Ferghana region, 254 doctors and 220 secondary medical workers were given the qualification because more than 1,500 medical workers who served in rural areas in this regard improved their qualifications. Nevertheless, the total number of qualified medical workers was much less in Yozyovon, Dangara and Furkat districts [8.21]. There are 6 thousand 271 doctors in the region, of which 8.4 percent are of the highest category, 29.3 percent of the first category and 8.2 percent of the second category, 21 thousand 445 medical workers, of which 2.3 percent are of the highest category, 23.5 percent first-class, 4.1 percent second-class medical personnel provided services [9.68]. In 2000, 1 thousand 59 doctors and 2 thousand 639 secondary medical workers improved their qualifications. Chief doctors of regional and district central hospitals and epidemiology centers passed the attestation commission according to their positions[9.77]. In Andizhan region, issues of training and improving professional skills of secondary medical workers were also in the attention of the local administration. As a result, Andizhan and Asaka medical schools were transformed into medical colleges. Department of training of high-class nurses was opened at Andizhan State Medical Institute. Of course, the problem of specialist personnel was also observed in Namangan region. For example, the lack of a specialist doctor (neonatologist) in the maternity department of the Yangikurgan District Central Hospital led to an increase in the number of deaths among babies. This situation was studied by regional specialists and the chief neonatologist of the Republic, and it was demanded to put specialists in their place [10.64]. In 2006, a total of 668 doctors, including 106 therapists, 104 pediatricians, 66 obstetrician-gynecologists, 75 dentists, and 317 general practitioners, worked in 223 medical centers in Namangan region [10.18]. During this period, a total of 121 qualified doctors worked in the newly built, launched and reorganized rural medical centers in the region, 50.4% of them had a category, 45.6% improved their qualifications in the direction of retraining of general practitioners. 21.7 percent of the 468 secondary medical workers in rural medical centers were classified. However, the activities of rural medical centers in Mingbuloq and Norin districts were not satisfactory [10.33]. If we analyze the qualification categories of doctors who worked in rural medical centers, 54.7% of them had a category. When this situation is analyzed by districts, it is 44.5% in Chust district, 44% in Mingbulok district, 41.7% in Chortoq district, 39.9% in Yangikurgan district, which is lower than the regional indicator. For example, 7 out of 11 doctors in 7 rural medical centers in Chortoq district are therapists, 4 are pediatricians, and not a single obstetrician-gynecologist or dentist. The same situation was observed in Mingbulok, Namangan, Norin, Torakorgan districts [10.67]. A total of 169 doctors worked in health centers in Ferghana region, 102 of them (60.4 percent) improved their qualifications. In 2015, 6,249 doctors and 41,000 paramedics provided medical and sanitary assistance to the residents of the region[11,229]. In the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 34, November - 2024 29 | P a g e country, in the following years, the issue of qualified personnel in the field of medicine is under the constant attention of the head of state. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoev, on February 25, 2020, at a meeting on the reform of the health sector, stated that Ibn Sina schools will be established instead of old-fashioned medical colleges [1]. In Ibn Sina schools organized by the initiative of the head of state, lessons and practicals are held based on the requirements of the times. The most important thing is that they will learn a deep lesson from the views and recommendations of our great ancestor regarding medical science. As part of activities aimed at increasing the status of middle-level medical workers, they were given the opportunity to independently engage in "nursing work". The graduates of technical schools named after Ibn Sina are targeted to become profession holders in several fields of medicine. In short, the issue of providing the medical system with qualified specialists has always been one of the urgent problems facing the industry. This situation was also observed in the valley regions. Due to the lack of specialist medical personnel, ultrasound examination, electrocardiogram (ECG) and similar medical devices brought to remote and remote areas were not used during this period. Most of the highly educated doctors or medical specialists have not passed training and retraining courses. Patronage and promotion work among the population was slow. CONCLUSION As a result of the reforms carried out by the state in recent years, rural medical centers were transformed into rural family polyclinics. In addition to the general practitioner, a working unit of specialties such as therapist, gynecologist, dentist, and ENT was introduced. Patronage nurses' activity was launched. New medical higher education institutions were established. By reducing the duration of their studies from 7 to 6 years, it was possible to eliminate part of the need for personnel. REFERENCES: 1. The speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev at the meeting held on February 25, 2020 regarding the reform of the health sector. / Khalk suzi, February 26, 2020. 2. Karimov I.A. Through creativity. - Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 1996. 3. Gadoev A. Preparation of general practice doctors based on modern requirements / materials of the seminar council for chief doctors of regional and district hospitals. - Tashkent, 1998. 4. Muminova G. History of the healthcare system in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period (1917–1991): Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Sciences in history (DSc). - Tashkent, 2017. 5. Information of Andijan State Medical Institute. Edited by the author. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 34, November - 2024 30 | P a g e 6. Haydarov Z. Socio-economic and cultural history of Namangan region during the Soviet period and years of independence: a comparative analysis. - Diss... Candidate historical Sciences. -Namangan, 2017. 7. Fayzullaev T., Sarimsakov A. Socio-economic development of independent Uzbekistan. - Namangan, 2012. 8. State archive of Ferghana region, fund 1220, list 1, collection 60. 9. Shokarimov S., Sultanov A. Jannatmakon Andijon. - Tashkent: Tashkent Islamic University, 2002. 10. State archive of Namangan region, fund 908, list 1, collections 277, 280, 335, 743. 11. Archive of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ferghana region department, fund 2048, list 29, collection 76.