American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 36, January - 2025 176 | P a g e FAMOUS DIALECTOLOGY SCIENTIST (To the 100th Anniversary of Shonazar Shoabdurakhmonov) Qodirov Umarjon Akramjon o‘g‘li Assistant professor, Alisher Navo’i Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature umarkodirov6669@gmail.com Abstract The article talks about the research of academician Shonazar Shoabdurakhmanov on Uzbek dialectology. His book “Uzbek Dialectology”, created in close collaboration with the Russian scientist, academician V. V. Reshetov, is carefully analyzed. It is noted that this book has been the main reference book for universities for many years and has become the main source for further scientific research. Keywords: Shonazar Shoabdurakhmanov, dialectology, dialect, research, transcription, deafness, vowels, consonants, sound, pronunciation. Introduction Academician Shonazar Shoabdurahmonov has made a great contribution to the development of Uzbek dialectology. The young linguist, who entered the world of science in the late 1940s, initially conducted research on the language of literary texts. From the beginning of the 1950s, he began to work on issues of Uzbek dialectology. In this field, his creative collaboration with the prominent Russian scientist, academician Viktor Vasilyevich Reshetov, was very fruitful. In 1959, these two scientists co-authored the textbook “Uzbek Dialectology” for correspondence courses in higher education institutions. [Reshetov, Shoabdurahmonov, 1959]. This book was the first textbook on Uzbek dialectology written in the Uzbek language and was the first experience in this direction. In 1962 the authors revised, completed and perfected the manual and published it as a textbook for philological faculties of higher educational institutions. [Reshetov, Shoabdurahmonov, 1962]. The textbook is valuable because it contains a very large amount of information on the science of dialectology, transcription, classification of Turkic languages, Uzbek language and folk dialects, phonetics of Uzbek dialects, morphology and lexicon of Uzbek dialects, as well as collected texts on various Uzbek dialects. The book is the result of many years of scientific research, observation and selfless work on Uzbek dialects by academicians V.V. Reshetov and Shonazar Shoabdurahmonov. The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is entitled "The science of dialectology", and it states that dialectology is a separate branch of linguistics, which studies existing dialects and local dialects of a language. It is emphasised that there are two types of dialectology with regard to the object of study (descriptive dialectology or American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 36, January - 2025 177 | P a g e dialectography; historical dialectology). Then the terms "dialect" and "dialectology" are explained. Then, the main task of dialectology, the comprehensive study and description of dialects, the system of dialects and dialects, the descriptive aspect, the historical aspect, the study of the sound system, morphological system, syntax and lexicon of a dialect or dialects, the relationship of Uzbek dialects with related and unrelated languages, are discussed. Then comes the topic of transcription. After general information about transcription, the types of transcription (phonetic, phonemic or phonological) are discussed. The term "transliteration" is explained. Information is given on the structure of transcription, transcription based on the Latin alphabet (international phonetic alphabet). It is noted that Turkologists and linguists who have studied Uzbek dialects have used different transcription symbols in their scientific work. Then it is said about the transcription system used in this textbook, i.e. 15 characters were taken to give different variants of vowels. Then the transcription symbols used in the book to represent consonants are listed. There are twenty-three of them, in addition to the sounds б, д, з, м, н, п, р, с, т, ш, which are used separately. At the end, information is given on twelve diacritical marks and other conditional expressions used to reflect dialect material. The chapter concludes with a list of further reading on the topics discussed. The second chapter is entitled 'Turkic languages'. In our opinion, the inclusion of information about Turkic languages, their classification, their groups and scientists who conducted research on Turkic languages in the textbook "Uzbek Dialectology" was not entirely correct. It confuses the student. This error was corrected by the authors in the 1978 edition of the textbook, i.e. this chapter was removed in the next edition. [Reshetov, Shoabdurahmonov, 1978]. This chapter will not be discussed here. The third chapter, entitled "Uzbek Language and Folk Dialects", deals with such issues as the relationship of the Uzbek language to other Turkic languages, the importance of studying Uzbek dialects, the involvement of non-Turkic languages (mainly Tajik) in the formation of Uzbek folk dialects, mestization (mixing of related languages), hybridization (mixing of languages from different systems), the issue of substrate, and the involvement of Russian Turkologists in the study of Uzbek folk dialects. The work of Uzbek dialectologists working in this field, including Shonazar Shoabdurahmonov, Fattoh Abdullayev, Fathulla Abdullayev, Khudoyberdi Doniyorov, Mustaqim Mirzayev, Ahmad Ishayev, Nazar Rajabov, Bolta Jurayev, Hisom Gulomov, Shokir Afzalov and Yakub Gulomov, is also recognised. Then the classification of the Uzbek dialects by Turkologists and dialectologists and the scientists who have classified them are described in detail. First, the classification of Professor I.I. Zarubin (Khiva, Fergana, Tashkent and Samarkand-Bukhara dialects), then the classification of Professor K.K. Yudakhin (Uzbek dialects that have preserved the original Turkish sound system and synharmonism; dialects that have partially changed their sound structure and lost synharmonism; dialects that have preserved the Iranian American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 36, January - 2025 178 | P a g e vowel system; Tajik dialects spoken in Uzbek and Tajik languages), then the classification of Professor Y. D. Polivanov's classification (Chigatoy, Oghuz, Kipchak dialects), Professor Ghozi Olim's classification (Uzbek-Kipchak; Turkic-Barlos; Khiva-Urgench dialects) and Professor A.K. Borovkov's classification (Central Uzbek dialect; Shaybani-Uzbek or "j" dialect; Southern Khorezm dialect; Separate group dialects) are discussed in detail. Finally, the classification of Professor V.V. Reshetov is discussed. He defines the Uzbek language as consisting of three distinct dialects. These are: 1) Kipchak; 2) Oghuz; 3) Karluk-Chigil- Uyghur dialects. It should be noted that V.V. Reshetov's classification is distinguished by the fact that it was made taking into account the historical-linguistic features of Uzbek dialects and the relationship of some dialects with neighbouring languages (Tajik, Kazakh, Turkmen). The third chapter of the textbook, entitled "Uzbek language and folk dialects", is characterised by its wealth of interesting and useful information, as well as its clear and simple presentation. At the end of the chapter there is a list of recommended literature on the subject. The fourth chapter of the book is "Phonetics", which studies the sound structure of Uzbek folk dialects. The introductory part of the chapter covers topics such as the numerical relationship of inter-dialectal vowel phonemes, the phonetic relationship between literary language and dialects, the number of phonemes in Uzbek folk dialects, and the phenomenon of labialisation and non-labialisation of vowels in Uzbek dialects. Then, the vowel system in Uzbek dialects is discussed, and they are divided into high-rising vowel phonemes: 2) unlabial high-rising vowel phonemes; [и, ъ, ь, ы]; 3) labial high vowel phonemes [у, ν]; High-mid rising vowel phonemes: 1) unlabial high-mid-rising vowel phonemes [е], [э], [ϵ] and labial [о], [ѳ]. 2) divided into low-rising vowel phonemes, each of which is described in detail. Then, information about consonant phonemes in Uzbek dialects is given. Consonants in Uzbek dialects are classified as follows 1) Labial consonants; 2) Frontal consonants; 3) Frontal consonants; 4) Middle lingual phonemes; 5) Back lingual phonemes; 6) Flat lingual back consonants; 7) Deep lingual back consonant phonemes; 8) Throat consonants. The "Phonetic Structure of a Word" section of this chapter provides information on types of syllables, accommodation, assimilation, synharmonism, dissimilation, spirantization, elision, narrowing of word forms, addition of vowels and consonants, and metathesis. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 36, January - 2025 179 | P a g e The fifth chapter is "Morphology", which discusses the morphological features of Uzbek dialects that differ from the literary language. First of all, we focus on the cases. It should be noted that in all Uzbek dialects there are not six cases like in the literary language, but in some there are six, in some there are five and in some there are four cases. Then we will talk about the forms of case suffixes in Uzbek dialects. For each case suffix, dialect examples are given. Then, information is given on the categories of possession and plural. Finally, we will look at how the number of persons and tense forms of verbs are formed in Uzbek dialects. The last topic of the fifth chapter is "Word Formation". In Uzbek dialects, as in the literary language, words are formed by affixation and composition. As in the literary language, word formation in dialects is mainly by affixation. At the same time, it is said that in some Uzbek dialects some affixes in the literary language are used in a different sense (i.e. the opposite of the literary language). For example: -ченг//-чен: Fergana, Andijan мөхсъчен//мөҳсъченг (mahsisiz) - in the literary language "mahsichang" (mahsili, kalishsiz). Then more than 70 examples are given of affixes forming nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs and other word groups found in Uzbek dialects. The chapter concludes with a list of further reading on the subject. The last, sixth chapter of the textbook is the “Lexical” chapter, which first provides general information about the lexical composition of Uzbek dialects. It then discusses the lexical features of Uzbek folk dialects that distinguish them from the literary language and from each other. It is also noted that some dialects contain words that are unique to them, and examples are given (for example: арна, яп, (canal, ditch) (Khorezm), чвмәгәр (qurib ketkur - Fergana). Some words that are specific to the population of a particular region are also found in Uzbek dialects. For example, animals of different ages are called (in Kipchak dialects): qulun (a horse under one year old), kaltay (a horse between one and two years old), gʻonan (two to three years old), doʻnan (three to four years old), beshli (three to four to five years old), etc. This chapter also discusses the etymological structure of Uzbek dialects. Information is provided on the fact that, along with native Turkic words, Arabic, Tajik, Russian, and international words are also found in Uzbek dialects, that they are used with certain phonetic changes, and that some of them have lost their original meanings and acquired new meanings, and examples of such words are given. For example: зәръл (< ar. ٌَضُرور ), ънәғәм (< ar. ٌإِْنعَام ), нәхт (< ar. ٌ نَْقد ), дәрәх – дарәк – дарах (< taj. دراغ), дос (< taj. до‘st), дох’тър (< rus. -int – доктор) etc. Inter-dialectal lexical differences are understood not as different pronunciations of the same word in different dialects, but as the expression of a thing or a situation through different words. For example: Tash. ӓҒр – Farg‘. kelъ – Khorezm. со:ґъ kabe. Then the issue of interdialectal word relationships is discussed. An example is given that this relationship can be equal or relative (нәрвән – шатъ = equal, нонпәр – чекъч = relative). American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 36, January - 2025 180 | P a g e At the end of the chapter, a list of literature on the topic is given. After the main chapters of the textbook had been completed, texts on various dialects were given for practical exercises. The texts were given in phonetic transcription. The book "Uzbek Dialectology" by V.V. Reshetov and Shonazar Shoabdurakhmonov, published in 1962 as a textbook for students of philological faculties of higher educational institutions, was one of the largest studies in this field. For many years it served as the main programme for students, researchers and teachers of higher educational institutions. The book covers everything from the first works on Uzbek dialectology to the latest results achieved in this field. For many years, the book served as the only manual-textbook on the subject in the Uzbek language. This textbook was the only basic literature on the subject in Uzbekistan for almost 20 years. V.V. Reshetov and Shonazar Shoabdurakhmonov made some changes to the 1978 edition of this textbook, taking into account the comments made by specialists over a period of more than ten years. For example, Chapter II, entitled "Turkic Languages", has been completely removed. Some paragraphs in Chapter I: 4 - "Comprehensive study and description of dialects", 5 - "Planning the study of dialects and dialects of the Uzbek language", 7 - "Dialect and dialect system" have been shortened. The list of literature in all chapters has also been shortened. The textbook "Uzbek Dialectology", compiled by Shonazar Shoabdurakhmonov in collaboration with V.V. Reshetov, was one of the first and most complete works in the field and served as the basis for subsequent textbooks, manuals and research in the field. References 1. Ashirboyev S. O‘zbek dialektologiyasi. – Тoshkent: Nodirabegim, 2021. – 176 b. 2. Ишаев А. Шоназар Шоабдураҳмонов. // Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти. 1983. № 3. – 68- 70-б. 3. Решетов В.В., Шоабдураҳмонов Ш. Ўзбек диалектологияси. Тошкент, 1959. 4. Решетов В.В., Шоабдураҳмонов Ш. Ўзбек диалектологияси. – Тошкент: Ўрта ва олий мактаб, 1962. – 360 б. 5. Решетов В.В., Шоабдураҳмонов Ш. Ўзбек диалектологияси. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1978. – 232 б. 6. Шоабдураҳмонов Ш. Карлукское наречие узбекского языка. – Ташкент: Фан, 1983. – 192 стр. 7. Шоабдураҳмонов Ш. Ўзбек адабий тили ва ўзбек халқ шевалари. – Тошкент: Фан, 1962. – 372 б. 8. Ғози Олим. Ўзбек лаҳжаларини таснифда бир тажриба. – Тошкент: Ўздавнашр, 1935. – 68 б. 9. Xidraliyeva Z.R. Vowel harmony features in ikan dialect //ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 12, and December 2020. pp. 1177-1182. 10. Qodirov U. Qarluq lahjasi shevalarining o‘rganilishi haqida. // “Terminologiya va dialektologiyaning zamonaviy masalalari” mavzusidagi respublika ilmiy-amaliy anjumani materiallari. – Samarqand, 2023-yil 28-sentabr. – 307-312-b.