American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 54 | P a g e PROMISING DIRECTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN UZBEKISTAN Siddikov Zahid Tulkunovich Independent Researcher, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan E-mail: shoxjahon.jalilov@mail.ru, Tel: +998942919339 Abstract The article discusses promising areas of agricultural production in Uzbekistan. One of the promising areas of agricultural production is the implementation of comprehensive work on the creation of environmentally friendly agricultural products. Keywords: Agriculture, peasant farms, food industry, product, efficiency, cost of production, gross income, net income. Introduction Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of Uzbekistan. This sector satisfies the demand of the country's population for food products, and the processing industry for raw materials. This is the main goal of the agricultural sector. Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. PF-60 “On the Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026”, dated October 23, 2019 No. PF-6244 “On additional measures to increase the industrial potential of regions” dated June 9, 2020 No. PF-6244, Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 9, 2020 No. PQ-4821 “On measures to accelerate the development of the republic's food industry and fully provide the population with quality food products”, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 23, 2020 It serves to implement the tasks set forth in Resolution No. 581 "On Measures to Further Improve the Management System of the Food Industry" and other regulatory legal acts related to this sector. Scientists predict that the population will reach 8.5 billion by 2025, and 11 billion by 2050. To provide this population with food and raw materials for industry, it will be necessary to find internal and additional reserves to increase the volume of agricultural production and switch to more intensive and innovative methods of farming. This sector will satisfy not only the needs of our country's population, but also the demand for raw materials for the food industry. As a result of exporting agricultural products to foreign markets, our country's foreign exchange reserves will be strengthened. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: The theoretical and methodological foundations of promising areas of agricultural production in Uzbekistan are substantiated in the scientific works of such scientists as American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 55 | P a g e Abdurakhmonov Q.Kh., Yusupov .Ye.D., Umurzokov O'P., Toshboyev A.J., Toshboyev A.A., Abdug'aniyev.A., Samatov. G'A., I.B.Rustamova. 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Agriculture, along with supplying food products to the consumer market of our republic and raw materials for the processing industry, is also considered a guaranteed market for the products of a number of industries, such as agricultural machinery and the chemical industry. Currently, about 95-97 percent of the food products consumed by the population are grown in this sector. In order to achieve the main goal of agriculture, various products are grown, works and services are performed, which are distributed and sold to meet demand. It is advisable that these processes taking place at the level of enterprises, associations, sectors (district, region, republic) be carried out on the basis of free market relations. In order to solve them theoretically and practically at the level of demand, fundamental reforms are being carried out in the republic. Agriculture accounts for 19.2 percent of the country's gross domestic product. The agricultural sector provides jobs for a significant part of the country's population. In this regard, the issue of agricultural development is recognized as one of the most important priority areas for the development of the economy of our republic. [3] Much attention is being paid to increasing the volume of agricultural production, which is the main pillar of our country's food security. In particular, extensive and well-thought-out work has been carried out to optimize the composition of arable land, introduce new and advanced technologies into production, radically improve crop varieties and livestock breeds, and seed breeding and selection work. Table 1 below presents the dynamics of changes in the area of agricultural crops. According to the table, the area of grain crops in 2019 was 1089.4 thousand hectares, and in 2023 it was 1646.2 thousand hectares, which decreased by -43.2 thousand hectares, vegetable crops in 2019 were 206.1 thousand hectares, and in 2023 it was 222.8 thousand hectares, that is, by +16.7 thousand hectares, and potatoes increased by 84.7 thousand hectares in 2019 and 93.3 thousand hectares, that is, by +8.6 thousand hectares. We can see that the total area of agricultural crops in 2019 was 3706.7 thousand hectares, and in 2023 it was 3396.1 thousand hectares, which decreased by -310.6 thousand hectares. However, the annual decrease in arable land has not affected the volume of agricultural products. The volume of agricultural products is mainly provided by the intensive development of agriculture, that is, by increasing crop yields. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 56 | P a g e Table 1 Dynamics of changes in agricultural arable land in the republic (thousand hectares) Table 2 Cotton Dynamics of agricultural production in the Republic (thousand tons) № Indicators 2019 year 2020 year 2021 year 2022 year 2023 year Change (%) 1 Corn 8116,5 7288,5 6553,5 7437,8 7636,0 94 2 Cotton 2900,2 2853,9 2285,6 2691,7 3064,0 106 3 Potato 3014,6 2793,7 2911,9 3089,2 3143,6 104,2 4 Vegetables 11433,6 10219,9 9760,3 10215,1 10431,4 91,2 5 Pomegranate 2094,8 2031,0 1837,0 2068,7 2134,4 102 6 Fruits 3076,3 2614,9 2706,2 2752,7 2812,8 91,4 7 Grapes 1740,9 1742,9 1745,9 1748,9 1606,9 92 Table 2 presents the dynamics of agricultural production in the Republic. As can be seen from the table, in 2023, compared to 2019, grain decreased from 8,116.5 thousand tons to 7,636.0 thousand tons, or 94 percent, vegetables decreased from 11,433.6 thousand tons to 10,431.4 thousand tons, or 91.2 percent, potatoes increased from 3,014.6 thousand tons to 3,143.6 thousand tons, or 104.2 percent, melon products increased from 2,094.8 tons to 2,134.4 thousand tons, or 102 percent, fruits decreased from 3,076.3 thousand tons to 2,812.8 thousand tons, or 91.4 percent, grapes decreased from 1,740.9 thousand tons to 1,606.9 thousand tons, or 92 percent. It is worth noting that the increase in the volume of agricultural products during the years of independence has been achieved not only through the expansion of cultivated areas, but mainly through intensive development, that is, by increasing crop yields and livestock productivity. № Indicators 2019 year 2020 year 2021 year 2022 year 2023 year Change (+,-) 1. Total cultivated area 3706,7 3474,5 3396,0 3309,4 3396,1 -310,6 Including: 2. Corn 1689,4 1655,6 1643,2 1578,3 1646,2 -43,2 3. Potato 84,7 78,8 86,8 89,6 93,3 +8,6 4. Vegetable 206,1 189,7 219,0 220,0 222,8 +16,7 5. Melon crops 58,9 53,3 52,6 53,4 61,1 +2,2 6. Cotton 1265,1 1201,2 1108,2 1050,6 1062,3 -202,8 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 57 | P a g e Table 3 Dynamics of production of main types of agricultural products per capita in Uzbekistan, kg Product Type 2019 year 2020 year 2021 year 2022 year 2023 year Change (%) Fruit 95,1 82,0 80,7 82,1 82,0 86 Grapes 54,2 50,7 50,2 48,2 47,7 88 Vegetables 352,3 319,8 315,5 296,2 304,2 86 Potatoes 92,4 87,6 86,3 88,4 92,0 99 Melons 63,9 64,2 62,7 55,7 61,6 96 To increase the efficiency of cultivated products, it is necessary to rationally implement measures and activities that ensure savings in production and management costs. This includes mechanization of production, harvesting, and storage processes, full and efficient use of production facilities, and the introduction of new equipment and advanced technologies. It is worth noting that the increase in the volume of agricultural products is ensured not only by expanding the cultivated area, but mainly by intensive development, that is, by increasing crop yields. [4]. Today, farms are the main entities producing agricultural products. Due to the formed sense of ownership of land, property, and the products they grow, farmers effectively organize their work, use land, water, and other resources efficiently, and achieve abundant yields of cotton, grain, and other crops, as well as increased productivity in livestock farming. Ultimately, our markets are filled with agricultural products, and our people's tables are being filled. [5]. The table below shows the dynamics of crop and livestock production in farms in the Syrdarya region. Table 4 Dynamics of crop and livestock production in farms of Syrdarya region, thousand tons Product type 2019 year 2020 year 2021 year 2022 year 2023 year 2019 vs. 2023 than,% Crap 515,6 534,0 370,1 366,6 439,7 85 Cotton 191,2 190,4 183,3 127,0 133,1 70 Potato 4,4 4,3 3,0 1,6 5,3 120 Vegetables 45,8 45,7 66,1 62,2 114,7 250 Melons 185,5 185,7 173,5 95,7 116,8 63 Fruits 17,5 17,6 17,2 11,0 15,4 88 Grapes 2,4 2,5 1,4 1,1 1,6 67 Meat 1,7 1,6 1,0 1,4 1,5 88 Milk 10,5 14,4 7,6 9,2 11,2 107 Eggs, thousand pieces 4,5 3,2 2,1 1,9 5,6 124 Wool, tons 109 108 47 43 43 39 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 58 | P a g e As can be seen from the table, in 2023, compared to 2019, grain decreased from 515.6 thousand tons to 439.7 thousand tons or 85%, potatoes increased from 4.4 thousand tons to 5.3 thousand tons or 120%, melon products decreased from 185.5 tons to 116.8 thousand tons or 63%, fruits increased from 17.5 thousand tons to 15.4 thousand tons or 88%, grapes increased from 2.4 thousand tons to 1.6 thousand tons or 67%. The fact that milk production increased by 107% and eggs by 124% in 2023 compared to 2019 is a positive result. The directions for the development of the agricultural sector in the republic are as follows: 1. Further deepening economic reforms in the agrarian sector, implementing mutual economic relations between all entities on the basis of market principles in terms of improving property relations and forms of economic management, increasing the responsibility of the parties in the fulfillment of contractual obligations. 2. Improving the mechanism of land use in agriculture and encouraging its effective use, in order to implement measures to increase soil fertility and improve the land reclamation status, to increase the fertility of agricultural lands in all regions, to reduce the share of low-yield land areas. For this purpose, to introduce a mechanism for economic incentives for farmers who have carried out irrigation and land reclamation measures at their own expense. 3. In order to improve the water management system and further improve the land reclamation condition, renew the materially and morally obsolete irrigation and reclamation system in the water management system, increase its efficiency, introduce new irrigation technologies and water use mechanisms, improve the land reclamation condition of land areas, and carry out measures to build and repair drainage networks. 4. Place agricultural crop varieties taking into account the natural and climatic conditions of the regions and districts, and pay special attention to increasing the quality of products and crop yields. Placement of high-yielding, early-maturing, disease and pest-resistant, new and promising varieties of agricultural crops, the quality of which meets market requirements. 5. Comprehensive development of the livestock sector, mainly through improving the breed of livestock, to increase its productivity. For this purpose: - strengthening the material and technical base of the livestock sector; - radically improving breeding; - increasing the quality and range of services in the sector, including veterinary services; - developing the poultry, fishery, beekeeping and cocoon farming sectors; - further improving the system for combating infectious diseases of livestock; - achieving optimal levels of placement of fodder crops, while expanding the use of fallow lands for growing livestock feed. 6. In the context of the comprehensive development of forestry, from the point of view of rational use of natural resources and environmental protection: - introducing a state cadastre of protected areas; -Develop a program for further development of fruit and ornamental tree seedlings in American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 59 | P a g e forestry; -Develop a geographic information system for the ecological state of the regions. 7. Development of the agricultural raw material processing network, increasing the export potential of the agricultural sector. Equipping small private enterprises specializing in the storage and processing of agricultural, especially livestock and fruit and vegetable products, with modern equipment and technologies, commissioning raw material processing capacities, modernizing existing enterprises, developing a system of incentives for entities exporting fresh fruits and vegetables and finished products. 8. Improving the system of service provision in rural areas, developing the service provision sector in the agricultural sector, supporting the activities of entities that quickly adapt to the market. 9. Improvement of the financial and credit, tax and insurance system in agriculture: - improvement of the system of financing the cultivation of cotton raw materials and grain for state needs mainly through preferential lending; - improvement of the mechanism of crediting producers of agricultural products other than cotton and grain; - further expansion of the system of tax and customs privileges for the import of agricultural machinery, spare parts, pedigree livestock, seeds and seedlings, modern technologies and equipment, medicines, and chemicals; - implementation of tax privileges and financial support measures to attract small-scale industry to rural areas; - continuous implementation of a protectionist policy in order to economically support local producers; - improvement of the mechanism of state support for farms growing cotton and grain for state needs on areas with low productivity, as well as on areas irrigated by pumps. 4. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in order to develop the prospects of the agricultural sector in the Republic: - develop new and improved methods of processing raw materials and equipment that do not cause environmental damage to the environment; - improve the system of organizing primary seed production of promising varieties of cotton and other agricultural crops; - widely use innovative projects in solving practical problems of agriculture and introduce a bank lending system for financing innovative projects; - create a national system using the accumulated world experience in genetic engineering in agriculture; - carry out extensive work on the creation of environmentally friendly agricultural products; - create highly productive local breeds of livestock, poultry, and cocoons based on imported pedigree seeds. Creating a system for managing the livestock industry suitable for the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 37, February - 2025 60 | P a g e conditions of the regions of our country, and special attention will be paid to the creation of highly productive local livestock, poultry, and silkworm breeds based on imported pedigree seeds; - Effective use of labor resources in agriculture and increasing population incomes. It is planned to expand the opportunities for attracting excess labor employed in the sector to other sectors as a result of modernization of agriculture, introduction of new technologies, and effective use of labor resources in agriculture. REFERENCES 1. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. We will build our great future together with our brave and noble people. “Uzbekistan” NMIU, 2017. – 485 p. 2. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Critical analysis, strict discipline and personal responsibility should be the daily rule of every leader’s activity. “Uzbekistan” NMIU, 2017. – 103 p. 3. G. Narinbayeva. Organization of agribusiness. T. “Cholpon” 2020 – 285 p. 4. Abduganiyev A., Agricultural economics. –T.: Literary Fund. 2007, 340 p. 5. Samatov G.A , Rustamova I.B. Sheripbayeva U.A. “Agricultural Economics and Management” T. “Cholpon” 2012 – 185 p. 6. A. Ismoilov O. Murtazayev “Agricultural Economics” T. 2003 – 235 p.