American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 255 | P a g e ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL TRANSLATION AND FORMATION OF UZBEK ECONOMIC TERMS Durdona Mukhtorovna Khamidova Faculty of English Philology Uzbekistan State World Languages University Tashkent, Uzbekistan d.xamidova@uzswlu.uz, dhamidova10@gmail.com Abstract Abstract: This article discusses terminology, in particular, economic terms, problems and recommendations for their formation in the Uzbek language, as well as problems with the translation of terms into Uzbek. In general, in the Uzbek terminological system, a lot of researches have been done, and it is important to improve the terminology of each field, to interpret their meaning at the level of modern requirements. Keywords: economy, term, terminology, internal resource, linguistic factor. Introduction Terminology has been developed as one of the main systems of the language in the most languages of the world. Term and terminology has been one of the significant issues of the language from the general and special point of view. Terminographic researches in systematic and regular development of this part of linguistics are important. Although, in the Uzbek language, there have been conducted a huge number of researches in order to eliminate the existing problems of this sphere, one can face some particular obstacles or misunderstandings in the usage of particular terms, and this phenomenon can be found in the system of Uzbek economic terms. Significant progress has been made in Uzbek linguistics in this regard. However, given the fact that the language develops in connection with social life, the improvement of the work of creating dictionaries, the enrichment and renewal of the dictionary base remains relevant. Indeed, the need for terminological research is growing, as "each of us must pay attention to the state language as a focus on independence, respect and devotion to the state language, respect and devotion to the motherland, and make it a rule of our lives." There are a number of researches, dictionaries and manuals on lexicographic features of terminology in Uzbek linguistics. Terminology issues in the Uzbek language are reflected in the research of M. Umarkhodjaev, H. Dadaboev, S. Muhamedova, S. Mustafaeva1. With the linguistic study of sectoral terms, the researches of such 1 Mustafayeva S.Xitoycha-o'zbekcha tilshunoslik terminlari. Тashkent, 2014. P -111 b.; Muhamedova S and a group of authors, Bank-moliya terminlarining o'zbek tilidagi izohli lug'ati. Tashkent : Innovatsiya-Ziyo, 2020.p-157 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 256 | P a g e scholars as O.Akhmedov, P.Nishanov2, H.Paluanova also analyzed sectoral terminological systems and studied them from a linguistic point of view. Analysis of modern Uzbek economic terms shows that they have been developed on the basis of internal and external factors, i.e., in accordance to the language’s own lexical resourses and linguistic factors and also, mostly, western-European, more particularly, terms of English(originated from Latin and Greek)origins, and in accordance to the development of English – Russian international terms. All lexical- grammatical forms, rules used to express new terminological conceptions and lexical units, are created on the basis of internal lexical resources and linguistic factors. Lexicographic system of every language is always in the process of modification, change, improvement and advancement according to particular means and rules. It can be observed that in the Uzbek language, as well, widely derivation, occurrence, existence and formation of terms of economy in various ways and on the basis of several factors. Except the way of developing economic terms in accordance internal factors, there are other methods such as their being formed on the basis of external perspective, more particularly, on the basis of borrowed lexical units and terms. Appearance of a new conception in a particular sphere requires a particular scientific- practical term to be accepted. In this case a matching term is formed newly, translated or borrowed. Here the country’s language where the new conception comes to existence plays a significant role, as a result, the new conception enters rapidly to any language with the term expresses it. In most cases the accepting language cannot offer an alternative or the original term is also be used simultaneously with the term offered by the accepting languages. One of the ways above mentioned is borrowing economic terms in original form without any modification or change. Researches show that a particular part of Uzbek economic terms have been borrowed without changes, although there can be found particular alternative version for it: capital – capital budget – budjet devaluation – devalvatsiya import – import re-export – reexport subsidy – subsidiya demping – demping manufactory - manufaktura 2 Nishonov P. Fransuz va o‘zbek tillari yuridik terminologiyasining qiyosiy-tipologik tadqiqi: DcS diss.abstract. – T.: 2009. p – 26 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 257 | P a g e In most cases when terms are borrowed in their original forms, variety of terms has been occurred due to the fact that in the Uzbek language there can be found alternatives for the most of such kinds of terms: capital – capital / mablag’ banker – banker / bankchi devaluation – devalvation / qadrsizlanish re-export – reexport / qayta export qilish manufactory – manufaktura / ishlab chiqarish Variety of economic terms, in its turn, consequences misunderstanding or misusage of the terms and losing originality of our languages originality. Another method of forming terms, particularly economic terms, is borrowing them with some modifications. This method is different from the previous one from the point of view creativity. For instance, if a stem of a term borrowed into the language do not change the original meaning when different affixes are added and if it expresses expected meaning, then, only the stem is borrowed and new relating terms are formed with the way of affixation: bankruptcy – bankrotlik innovation – innvatorlik outsiders - autsayderlar maltusianism – maltuschilik creditory - kreditorlik It is clear from the above mentioned examples, affixes forming abstract nouns as –lik, -chilik, and affix of plural form –lar are the most producteve ones, Besides, there are the affixes which makes possession and noun denoting to profession: devident – devident + li, devident + siz, devident + lik auction – aksiya + dor = aksiyador credit – kredit + ch i= kreditchi, However, in some cases affixes are also borrowed and consecuences with the phenomenon of variety of economic terms: bank – bank + chi(uzbek affix), bank + ir(original affix) auction – aksiya +dor (uzbek affix), aksiya+ ner aksiyaner(original affix) Another way of borrowing economic terms is method of calcation which is widely used and considered as the most productive way of forming new economic terms. More than 65%, more particularly, about 900 of the 1300 terms which were chosen for the research were created be the method of calcation fully or partially. a. Fully calcation, a way of translation according to linguistic means and materials of the Uzbek language: essential labour – zarur mehnat exchange value – almashuv qiymati finance – moliya joint venture - qo’shma tadbirkorlik American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 05, June, 2022 258 | P a g e b. Partially calcation, a way of translation according to linguistic means and materials of both Uzbek language and a foreign language: monetary reform – pul reformasi payment balance – to’lov balansi complete compensation – to’la kompensatsiya agrarian state – agrar mamlakat However, overuse of this method causes misunderstanding in the language, so in logical-structural translation of English economic terms into Uzbek the role of grammatical and morphemic factors should always be taken into consideration. Lexical-grammatical and morphological analysis of uzbek economic terms show that it, mostly, is formed according to two sources: internal, lexical and morphological resources of the Uzbek language and external, by borrowing them wit or without modifications. In both cases linguists are required to pay attention into linguistic features of the Uzbek language in order to avoid from the consequences such as misusage of derivational method, misunderstandings due to the variety of terms and so on. REFERENCES 1. Wei Zheng. Word roots in english - learning english words through form and meaning similarity Victoria University of Wellington, 2011 2. A Dictionary of Economics "A Dictionary of Economics" published on by Oxford University Press. 3. Mustafayeva S.Xitoycha-o'zbekcha tilshunoslik terminlari. Тashkent: : 2014. 4. Muhamedova S and authors group. Bank-moliya terminlarining o'zbek tilidagi izohli lug'ati. Tashkent : Innovatsiya-Ziyo, 2020. 5. The Economist offers authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology and the connections between them. 6. Nishonov P. Fransuz va o‘zbek tillari yuridik terminologiyasining qiyosiy-tipologik tadqiqi: DcS diss.abstract. – T.: 2009. 7. 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