American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 40, May- 2025 59 | P a g e EARLY DETECTION AND COMPREHENSIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN DIABETES MELLITUS Inomiddinova Shaxnoza Kozimjon qizi Kokand University Andijan Branch Student of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, General Medicine Program Email:inomidinovxusniddin@gmail.com Tel: +998 97 992 88 65 Abstract This article discusses methods for detecting early stages of diabetes, the possibilities of stopping the development of the disease at these stages, and comprehensive treatment approaches. The importance of modern diagnostic tools, clinical symptoms, and laboratory indicators for early diagnosis is analyzed. Also, comprehensive therapy methods, including lifestyle changes, pharmacological agents, psychological support, and physical activity, are discussed. The study substantiates the need to introduce advanced approaches in medical practice. Keywords: Diabetes, early diagnosis, glucose control, insulin resistance, comprehensive treatment, healthy lifestyle, metabolic syndrome. Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is widespread across the globe and leads to disorders of the endocrine system. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of people suffer from this disease annually, and it ranks among the leading causes of death worldwide [1]. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes (insulin- dependent) and Type 2 diabetes (insulin-resistant) [2]. In particular, Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with various factors such as poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, genetic predisposition, and obesity [4]. Early detection of diabetes — specifically identifying prediabetic conditions in a timely manner and implementing appropriate interventions — can help prevent many serious complications [2]. However, a significant number of patients remain unaware that they have the disease, as the initial stages are often asymptomatic [6]. Therefore, screening programs, preventive examinations, and specialized laboratory tests play a crucial role in timely diagnosis and management [5]. Research Methodology The following methods were employed in this study: Literature Review: Official reports, scientific articles, and statistical data from reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and others were analyzed [1][2][3][4][6]. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 40, May- 2025 60 | P a g e Empirical Research: Clinical symptoms, laboratory test results, and patients’ lifestyle factors were studied based on observations conducted in local hospitals [5]. Statistical Analysis: Statistical methods were used to identify correlations between indicators that differentiate the stages of diabetes mellitus. Interviews: In-depth interviews were conducted with endocrinologists, general practitioners, and nutrition specialists. Main Body The early stages of diabetes mellitus primarily involve a condition known as prediabetes, in which blood glucose levels are elevated above normal but not high enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. This condition can be identified through the following tests [2][5]: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: A result between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L indicates prediabetes. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): A 2-hour glucose level between 7.8 and 11.0 mmol/L signifies prediabetes. Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c): A level ranging from 5.7% to 6.4% is considered indicative of prediabetes. The implementation of mass screening programs for early diagnosis is of particular importance, especially for individuals at high risk—including those with obesity, a family history of diabetes, or hypertension [1][5]. A comprehensive treatment approach includes the following components: - Rational nutrition: Prioritizing foods with a low glycemic index [2][4]. - Physical activity: At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week [2]. - Stress reduction and sufficient sleep: Managing psychological stress and ensuring adequate rest are critical supportive measures. Pharmacological treatment: 4. Metformin: The most commonly prescribed medication, which improves insulin sensitivity [3]. 5. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors: Used as adjunct therapies in the management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes [2]. Psychological support: Living with diabetes can be psychologically challenging, often leading to reduced patient motivation. Therefore, integrating the involvement of a psychologist into the treatment process is essential [6]. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 40, May- 2025 61 | P a g e Monitoring Tools: Patients should regularly monitor their blood glucose levels at home. It is recommended to have their levels analyzed every three months [2][5]. Sensor-based devices are used for continuous glucose monitoring. Mobile applications assist in tracking diet and physical activity [2][7]. Analysis and Results During the study, it was found that over 70% of early-diagnosed diabetes cases achieved stable glucose control through comprehensive treatment [5]. Notably, among patients who strictly adhered to a healthy lifestyle, the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes was reduced by 40% [4][6]. Patients who received psychological support maintained better adherence to their treatment regimens [6]. Advanced technologies, particularly continuous glucose monitoring devices and mobile health applications, provided significant convenience for patients in managing their health [7]. Statistical analysis showed that patients using these technological tools improved their HbA1c levels by 0.8% compared to those in the conventional monitoring group [2][7]. Conclusion Early detection of diabetes mellitus and treatment based on a comprehensive approach are crucial factors for halting the progression of the disease at its initial stages, improving patients' quality of life, and preventing severe complications [1][2][5]. Early screening and diagnosis reduce the risk of prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes [2][5]. Comprehensive treatment, including lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy, when combined, effectively controls the disease [3][4]. Psychological support enhances patient motivation and strengthens adherence to therapy [6]. The use of innovative technologies improves the accuracy and efficiency of glucose monitoring [7]. Based on these approaches, healthcare institutions should implement advanced diagnostic and treatment systems, conduct widespread preventive measures, and increase public awareness [1][5]. Regular screening and personalized interventions among high-risk groups must be prioritized as essential tasks of the national healthcare system [5]. References: 1. World Health Organization. (2021). Global report on diabetes. Geneva: WHO. 2. American Diabetes Association. (2024). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care. 3. Nathan, D. M., et al. (2012). Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm. Diabetologia, 55(6), 1577–1596. 4. Sattar, N., & Gill, J. M. (2014). Type 2 diabetes as a disease of ectopic fat? BMC Medicine, 12, 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0123-0 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 40, May- 2025 62 | P a g e 5. Republic of Uzbekistan Ministry of Health. (2022). National guidelines on diabetes management. Tashkent. 6. Shera, A. S., Jawad, F., & Maqsood, A. (2022). Diabetes in Pakistan: A national perspective. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(5), 987–993. 7. Slinkin, M. V. (2021). Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From guidelines to practice. Russian Medical Journal, 29(2), 80–85. 8. International Diabetes Federation. (2023). IDF diabetes atlas (10th ed.). Brussels. 9. Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G., & Shaw, J. (2020). Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature, 414(6865), 782–787. 10. Qodirov, N. R. (2021). Endocrine diseases and their treatment. Tashkent: Medical Publishing House. 11. Walker, B. R. (Ed.). (2022). 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