American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 06, July, 2022 199 | P a g e HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S MUSIC IN UZBEKISTAN Farangis Ikromova Yigitali qizi Fergana State University Faculty of "Art Studies". Department of "Music Education and Culture". 3rd Year Student feya.01.m@gmail.com Abstract In this article, the history of the development of children's music in Uzbekistan, the direct correlation between the future, development and development of society and education, as well as a number of issues are comprehensively considered. Keywords: music, education, future, song, children, composer, vocals, choir. Introduction The future, prosperity and development of society is directly related to education. After all, education improves human thinking, and after the independence of our country, our head of state focused on correcting the issue of education in his first speeches and lectures, as well as in his first works. In particular, "restoration of self-determination", "pride of an independent state" of every citizen, "spiritual promotion of the national pride of Uzbeks", "to their people, their traditions, language and education of love and respect for culture" were given to fully solve the problems of education. Education, especially national education, occupies an important place in the development of the state and society. If you look at the history of the Uzbek people, solving the problem of lifelong education has taken the main place Human education starts from childhood. How he was brought up as a child.1 In the works of our scientists and poets, such as Yusuf Khos Hajib, Al-Beruni, Al- Farabi, special attention was paid to the issue of education. The above evidence shows the necessity of education in every historical period and in any society. It is difficult to imagine the human well-being of society without education. A person is brought up and educated from birth to the end of his life. So, a person's future, life and livelihood are often related to education. Therefore, human education starts from childhood. How he was brought up as a child, his behavior and morals are formed accordingly. Therefore, in our society, the main attention is paid to child education. There is a saying in our nation that "Children are our future". This wisdom is expressed in the "National Personnel Training Program", where it is specially noted 1 Musiqa ta’limi va tarbiya birligi (ilmiy, metodik maqollar to‘plami). Toshkent. 1996 yil. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 06, July, 2022 200 | P a g e that the whole, morally clean, decent generation can build a free civil society. Child education is the foundation of the development of the young independent Uzbekistan society and its future. The development of society and child education are common.2 For the first time in the 30s and 40s, composers and composers such as Ye.Ramonovsky, Il.Akbarov, Yu.Rajabi collected and created children's music, Uzbek folk songs and folklore works in 1936 "30 songs" for children. published a collection called In 1942, Nadezhdin published collections such as "Young Children" and "Children's Song" by Il. Akbarov in the same year. In this period, attention was paid to new topics in children's songs. Among them are songs about school, childhood, Motherland, friendship, work. These created works were created for children and children's choirs in unison. These songs were performed by children at competitions and holidays. During this period, the first plays for children and teenagers were created. One of the composers who created this children's theme was B. Nadezhdin. The rhythms of Uzbek folk songs are included in his works. For example: works in the repertoire of children's music schools: "Sad Song", "Happy March", "Dombira", "Music Lesson", "Grandmother's Story" and others. His works continue the traditions of classical composers. It also instills in children a love for people, nature, the surrounding world, and Uzbek folk music. Preparation for creativity in the 30s and 40s of the 20th century became a guide for the creation and development of youth and children's music. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Conservatory and the State Philharmonic of Uzbekistan were opened, so important events took place in the cultural life of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Children's music was created. It was during this period that Uzbek composers paid great attention to the music of children and teenagers. During this period, the creativity of Uzbek composers G. Kadirov, M. Nasimov, D. Zokirova, B. Giyenko, S. Yudakov, Sh. Ramazonov, F. Nazarov, G. Mushel, A. Muhamedov, S. Varelas flourished. . The songs created by them were positively received by generational performers and listeners. The most leading publishing houses of Uzbekistan (G. Ghulom and Okhita) started to publish collections for children and teenagers in the largest number. Although there was a preparation for completing the work of composers in the 30s and 40s of the 20th century, the period of creating children's music and the creativity of young people was at its peak in the 50s and 70s. The 1950s and 1970s could be called a new period of interest in the works of children and teenagers by Uzbek composers. It is during this period that the work of the song genre of experienced specialists of the 2 Omonullayeva D. “Umumiy ta’lim maktablarida musiqa ta’lim-tarbiyasi konsepsiyasi” Toshkent. 1992 yil. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 06, July, 2022 201 | P a g e composers of Uzbekistan flourishes. These are: T. Sodikov, M. Ashrafiy, M. Burkhanov, K. Abdullayev, D. Zokirov, G'. Kadirov, B. Giyenko, I. Hamroyev, Il. Akbarov, S. Boboyev, M. Nasimov, S. Yudakov, Sh.Ramazonov, F.Nazarov, G.Mushel, A.Muhammedova, S.Varelas, etc. Based on the editing of Boris Nadezhdin, in 1950 - "Children's Songs", "Youth Song" in 1955, a collection called "Children's Song"; G. Goncharova's "Music in Primary School" in 1951, I. Akbarov's "We Sing" in 1959 were created.3 By the 1960s, collections written for children finally increased to a high level. Educational manuals and textbooks have been published. Children's songs are mainly included in the musical literature of secondary schools. The works of composers of the 50s and 70s are still popular among the new generation of performers and listeners. All leading publishers have published large collections for young performers, children and teenagers. In the 1960s and 1970s, composers such as S.Babayev, Ye.Schwarz, K.Abdullayev, S.Abramova, A.Berlin, Sh.Yormatov, and H.Rahimov filled the ranks of great specialist composers in the creation of children's music. At that time, a new page was opened for children in Uzbekistan. In the 1930s and 1960s, there were 2 and 3-voice terts in children's works. By the 1970s and 1980s, there was a return to folklore, singing of children's songs in many voices, the use of elements of folk polyphony, and harmonic elements of many voices were introduced into children's music. By the 70s, the first cantatas and suites, vocal choir a cappella works, new works for children, soloists and orchestras began to be created. In the 60s and 70s, great professionals created rare works for children. These are: S. Boboyev, Ye. Schwarz, K. Abdullayev, S. Abramova, A. Berlin, Sh. Yormatov, etc., are the authors of 2-, 3-voice songs. It is during these times that their creativity flourishes. In the 70s, attention was paid to folk songs and vocal choirs and polyphonic singing. In these years, contatas and suites for children's vocal-choir, a cappella works, suites for children's vocal-choir a cappella works, works for soloist and orchestra were written for the first time. For example, G. Kadirov's "Maktabjon oftobjon-oftobjon" (1974) is one of the most favorite suites among young students, "Our Teacher". By introducing the young generation to wonderful folk music, they reworked it and began to arouse interest in folklore. Uzbek folk music was processed and plays were created. For example: "Dilbar", "Chamanda Gul" and others. For young piano players, H. Azimov created a large volume of children's plays for piano lessons. Then I. Akbarov created wonderful piano miniatures. His works stand out from folk music and are especially bright and clear, tending to create images of traditional folk genres, 3 Tursunov R. Xalq musiqa ijodiyoti va amaliyoti. Toshkent. “Ma’rifat-madadkor” nashriyoti. 2002 yil. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 06, July, 2022 202 | P a g e connected with the world of children. For example, "Hide-and-seek game", "Happy mood" are children's songs consisting of humorous Uzbek melodies.4 The play "Caravan" has a song and dance character. The song (Alla) created by the composer was also created in harmony with European miniatures. At that time, Uzbek composers created many wonderful works for children. The collection of plays by composers such as B. Giyenko, S. Varelas, F. Nazarov was created for young performers. In 1975, another children's opera was created based on Arab folk tales. The composer draws children's attention to a complex genre. It uses popular folk songs for children. The composer describes the characters in the reception of music, taking into account the age characteristic of children. For example: "Puss in Boots", "1001 Nights", "Aloudin's Magic Lamp" and others. In the early 1970s, children's pop songs began to develop. This process is especially manifested in composers such as N. Norkhojayev, H. Rahimov, Sh. Yormatov. Composers begin to create vocal - choral suites and cantatas for children. Every composer refers to folk songs to folklore. In the melodies of the works, the rhythmic pronunciation is in harmony with the character. Vocal choral works created for children were directed to modern musical culture and staged. For example: "Dangasa", "Dakang Khoroz", "Aq terakmi-kok terak" and others from the songs adapted for choral theaters. By this time, K.Kenjayev and Sh.Yormatov's interest in creating a cappella for children's choirs grew.5 Nadim Norkhojayev, one of the composers who flourished in the 1970s, is an honored culture worker in Uzbekistan, a professor of the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, a composer. He earned the respect of the country with his musical works, especially pop and children's songs. In 1963, N.Norkhojayev was transferred to the Khamza music academy. He learns the secrets of music from the famous composer Rumil Vildanov. In 1967, he graduated with honors with the "Suite" he composed for the symphony orchestra. In the same year, he entered the Faculty of Composition of the Tashkent State Conservatory. He gives more importance to the song genre in his work. From 1972 to 1975, he worked as a teacher and head of department at the Bekobod Music Academy, music school. In 1975-1976, he worked as a chief editor in the recording studio of "Melodiya" company. He is a teacher, senior teacher, associate professor at the Tashkent State Institute of Culture named after A. Qadiri, and at the same time he is the head of the department 4 Qodirov R. Boshlang‘ich maktabda ko‘povozli kuylash. Toshkent. “O‘qituvchi” 1997 yil. 5 Fayziyev O. O‘zbekiston maktablarida musiqiy nafosat tarbiyasini tashkil etish bo‘yicha metodik qo‘llanma. Toshkent. 1992 yil. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 06, July, 2022 203 | P a g e of performing arts at the Tashkent State Conservatory, he has been working as a professor since 2003.6 N. Norkhojayev composed 3 preludes for piano, 2 variations, sonatina, 2 sonatas for piano, "Concertino" for violin and symphony orchestra, 4-part symphonic suite, 1-part symphony and many songs. In the work of N. Norkhojayev, song is of primary importance. In collaboration with contemporary poets, he creates more than 100 pop songs for kindergarten and schoolchildren. The first pop song "Hakkalar" for young children, written in 1975, became popular when performed by the vocal and instrumental ensemble "Pakhtaoy". Including: "Good boy", "Lazy", "Oh dreams", "Ancient competition", "Diyar madhi", "Baligim", "Salom gergan boys", "Surkhandaryo", "Our flowers in Chaman", "Boboho' "Roz", "Dono Balam" became popular in the performance of the "Nightingale" choir. Cantata "Hafta" for children's choir, choral suite "Darakhtlar sukhti" and reworks Uzbek folk songs for choir. The songs "Moon in the Sky", "Chariy Chambar", "Chuchvara gyayidi" are among them. Nadim Norkhojayev was awarded the honorary title of Culture Worker of Uzbekistan. He is a prize-winner of the Republic "Ofarin-2000" competition, a member of the Union of Composers of Uzbekistan and a member of the jury at various competitions held in our Republic. Nadim Norkhojayev is one of the modern Uzbek composers. He wrote many songs for children. Nadim Norkhojayev's songs about "Diyar madhi", motherland, are different from other composers with their easy-to-understand rhythm for children, easy performance, pleasant and memorable. We talk to the students about the content of the songs of Uzbek composers and talk about the Motherland, about the future, about various crafts, about nature, and, of course, about the greatness of the students' dreams and striving for future work through the songs of Uzbek composers. We educate children to protect the Motherland and the honor of the Motherland. References 1. Musiqa ta’limi va tarbiya birligi (ilmiy, metodik maqollar to‘plami). 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