THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS IN UZBEKISTAN Rejabov Giyosiddin Qutbidinovich Independent Student of Tashkent, State University of Economics E-mail: rejabovg@gmail.com Annotation This article describes in detail the stages of the creation and development of the system of protection and management of cultural heritage objects in Uzbekistan. In particular, the system of protection of cultural heritage objects of the period before and after the independence of our country has been deeply analyzed. Also, scientific proposals on the improvement of the system of protection of cultural heritage objects and its further development have been developed. Keywords: cultural heritage, cultural monument, archeology, architecture, management. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 Introduction Issues of protection of tangible cultural heritage monuments have a specific development history. In the period that entered the history of mankind under the name of the Renaissance, interest in the achievements of ancient civilizations began to be paid special attention to their study. With the emergence of secular states in European countries, changes in management systems in all areas and management of new areas began to be implemented. Also, interest in material cultural heritage, their collection and protection began to take an important place on the basis of the cultural policy of the states. The idea of protecting archeological monuments grew stronger during the Renaissance with the growing interest in antique art and collecting. During the Great French Revolution, the government (Convent) nationalized private collections of cultural and historical monuments as public property for the first time (Decree on the establishment of the Louvre Museum, 1791) [1]. In 1795, the state service for the protection of monuments was established. At the beginning of the 19th and 20th centuries, with the increasing awareness of the national identity of the peoples, in many European and American countries, cultural and historical monuments were taken under state protection (in 1834, Greece adopted a law prohibiting the export of art monuments, in 1937, in Brazil, the National Organization for the Protection of Historical and Artistic Heritage was adopted. the law is adopted), state inspections are established (in France 1830, in Prussia 1843, in Brazil the secretariat service SPHAN 55| P a g e mailto:rejabovg@gmail.com http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 was established under the auspices of the Ministry of Education), procedures for the protection of cultural heritage monuments (in France 1830, in Prussia 1887, completed in 1962, in Italy 1902, 1909, 1939 filled in, in Poland in 1918 and 1928) and laws on the protection of monuments are adopted, their scientific systematization, cataloging, conservation and repair work has begun [2]. During the Second World War of 1939-1945, the Nazis destroyed cities and monuments in a barbaric way. In the 1940s and 1950s, the protection of cultural and historical monuments increased. During this period, a procedure for the protection of monuments was developed (in Poland in 1945, renewed in 1962, in Japan in 1950, in Egypt in 1951, in the GDR in 1952, renewed in 1962, in Czechoslovakia in 1958, in Yugoslavia in 1959, in Brazil in 1937) and monuments destroyed during the war years. large-scale repair and restoration works have been carried out. Analysis of the Relevant Literature The idea of international obligations for the preservation of cultural and natural objects of greater value arose in the 60s of the 20th century in connection with the risk of flooding the ancient monuments of Nubia during the construction of the high Aswan Dam in Egypt. It was noted by the International Community that it is a matter of universal concern. At that time, Egypt and Sudan did not have the funds to preserve the monuments. In 1960, the Scientific, Educational and Cultural Organization of the United Nations (headquarters in Paris) (hereinafter UNESCO) appealed to the countries of the world for assistance. In a short time, a large amount of money was collected and the preservation of Nubian monuments was achieved. Measures to protect ancient monuments in Russia were first adopted during the reign of Peter I. In 1718, Peter I issued a decree on the transfer of ancient and rare objects. It was collected on the basis of identification of "rare rare" objects, transfer of archaeological findings (the first archaeological excavations were carried out near St. Petersburg in 1708 in Old Ladoga) to the state and the collection of a specially organized museum - Kunstkamera [3]. This activity of Peter is interpreted differently in modern historiography. Some researchers have looked at his work from the point of view of the state to preserve cultural heritage. Others relate to Peter I's personal interests. In any case, the fundamental foundations of the future legislative policy of the requirements for the preservation of ancient monuments of the new state were created [4]. In Russia, in the second half of the 19th century, the science of archeology is formed as a separate form of science. But the archaeological organization existed only in the capital. The formation of the organization for the protection of historical and cultural monuments took place as follows: in 1846, the Russian Archaeological Society, in 1859, the Imperial Archaeological Commission, and in 1864, the Moscow Imperial Archaeological Society. Publications specialized in archeology appeared: in 1859 56| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 "Reports of the Archaeological Commission", in 1899 "Materials of Russian Archeology" and others. In 1871, at the II archeology conference held in St. Pereburg, the "Regulation for the Protection of Monuments" was completed and approved. In 1877, A.B. The commission under the leadership of Lobanova-Rostovsky prepares "Rules on preservation of historical monuments". In 1905, A.A. Under the chairmanship of Bobrinsky, the review of the "Basic Order" on the protection of historical monuments will become a subject of debate in the legislation. Monuments are divided into movable and immovable types. In 1911, I. Ya. The draft "Procedure for the Protection of Ancient Monuments" presented by Gurlyand will be considered in the State Duma. In 1911, the draft law "On the protection of ancient monuments of Russia" was developed. In 1919-1924 V.I. On the initiative of Lenin, more than 15 decrees created the foundations of the system of monument protection of the Soviet state. In 1926, the main archaeological organization was named the State Academy of the History of Material Culture. His duties were as follows: 1. Development of the basics of monument protection; 2. Carrying out searches, systematic excavations and collecting objects related to ancient art and folk lifestyle for the purpose of protection and study; 3. Restoration of monuments, scientific supervision of excavations and leading the development of monuments promotion [5]. The attitude to the protection of cultural heritage objects in the territory of Uzbekistan starts from the end of the 19th century with the use of them for various purposes after the occupation of the territory of Turkestan by Russia. The Russian Tsarism "took care" of a number of buildings in Samarkand in order to sway the local rich, religious and other local aristocracy to its side [6]. At first, he saw some protection measures in relation to the monuments related to the cemetery in Samarkand Registan. However, since these activities were intended for a short period of time, later Tsarism abandoned the work of preserving ancient buildings; and in some places, the tsar's soldiers destroy historical monuments. In particular, the fact that during the repair of the Samarkand fortress and the placement of the royal military force there, the invaders demolished dozens of ancient buildings, Aziz Khan's Mausoleum, Ibrahim's House, and others can be a clear proof of our opinion. Among the destroyed buildings, the Qutbi chahor-dahum building built by Timur in the second half of the 14th century, according to the memories of Sadriddin Ainiy, was a magnificent building made with a very high talent [6]. Nevertheless, with the development of periodicals in the country, the cultural heritage monuments, especially the architectural monuments, began to be written about. 57| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 The pages of "Turkistan Vedomosti" and "Turkestan Region" newspapers published in the end of XIX - beginning of XX covered the state of protection of architectural monuments, cases of theft of tiles from them, etc. [6]. The formation of protection and repair works of existing historical-architectural monuments in Uzbekistan started relatively late. Taking into account the importance of the great cultural heritage left by our ancestors, the preserved monumental architectural monuments were transferred to the special state body for the protection of monuments at the beginning of the 20th century, that is, from 1920. The task of this body was temporarily performed by the special Committee for the Protection of Historical and Art Monuments, which was established under the Central Department of Archives of the Republic of Turkestan, which began its activity on January 30, 1920. Based on the special Decree of the leadership of the Republic of Turkey on May 23, 1921, the Committee was transformed into an independent state body - the Turkestan Committee for Museums and Monuments, Art and Nature Protection (Turkomstaris) by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic of Turkestan [7]. After the overthrow of the Bukhara Emirate in 1920, historical monuments in Bukhara were registered for the first time [6]. The consequences of the Soviet government's policy on the administrative-territorial issue had an impact on the organizational and structural activities of this committee. As a result, after the national demarcation of the Central Asian republics, in 1925, this organization received the name Turkomstaris Central Asian Committee for Monuments and Nature Protection (Sredazkomstaris). The committee was responsible for the protection, use and restoration of monuments located in the newly created Central Asian republics and Kazakhstan. Among a number of organizations at the disposal of Sredazkomstaris, the Zarafshan Commission (Bukhkomstaris), which was engaged in preservation of historical architectural monuments in Bukhara, achieved some success [6]. Since 1929, by the Decision No. 501 of the Central Executive Committee of the Uzbek SSR and the Council of People's Commissars, instead of Sredazkomstaris, the Committee of Uzbekistan for the Protection of Ancient Monuments was reorganized and transformed into Uzkomstaris. In the early period of its activity, the scope of tasks of this body was not wide, but it consisted of taking into account the archaeological monuments of the country. Due to the severity of the economic situation and the lack of readiness for restoration work, the authorities for the protection of monuments were limited to carrying out necessary repairs aimed at preventing the complete destruction of architectural monuments. During this period, the issue of creating a scientific basis for production related to the restoration and conservation of monuments was just beginning to be raised. 58| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 Nevertheless, in those complex political and economic conditions, the theoretical foundation of the scientific methodology of restoration and conservation began to be created. Many years of observations and practical experience of specialists and scientists were reflected in the works published at that time. In general, the main concepts of the architectural-archaeological method of researching cultural monuments were formed by the end of the 1920s and were published in 1928 in the Collection of Restoration Issues [8]. However, the communist party's policy aimed at achieving general equality hindered the initial scientific research and the mass-launch of protection and restoration of architectural monuments. Research Methodology In this study, in-depth scientific research was conducted on the creation of the system of protection of cultural heritage objects in Uzbekistan and the hierarchy of its development. In the study, many years of scientific research work of local and foreign scientists were studied and analyzed. Also, methods such as official statistics, observation, comparison, logical reasoning were used. Analysis and Results The revolutionary spirit, which implied socialist changes, led to the destruction and desecration of many ancient examples of urban planning, especially in the first decades of Soviet rule, as a result of the elimination of the gap between the new and the old city and their equalization, as well as ideas directed against religion and values. These radical ideas caused irreparable damage to Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Shahrisabz and other historical cities of Uzbekistan. Consequently, on the basis of the special instructions of the government of the republic, the investigation of the activities of Uzkomstaris in April-May 1939 showed that the monuments given to it were used for other purposes. In particular, the investigation carried out on the city of Bukhara revealed that the Modari Abdulla Khann madrasa located in it was given to the residents for housing purposes, another monument related to the name of Abdulla Khan - a warehouse for the Sakharsbyt organization, Kalon Mosque and Chor Minor - a warehouse for Gortorg, Devonbegi madrasa - "Bukhkomstaris" it was found that it was used for the clerical office and for housing purposes. At the same time, many historical monuments in the city were destroyed due to the expansion and development of the city. In particular, as a result of the reconstruction of the city of Bukhara and the increase in traffic, using the authority given to the city council of Bukhara in 1939, 6 ancient city gates were demolished along with the walls. However, in spite of the sad circumstances mentioned above, scientific restoration and practical experience gradually increased, and as a result, it became possible to solve a 59| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 number of complex engineering-constructive and architectural tasks related to the preservation of architectural monuments. By this time, a new generation of talented specialists began to form in the republic. They organized the first expeditions, identified and began to take into account historical, archaeological and architectural monuments. Compilation and systematization of registration documents began in the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, the development of the first scientifically based projects for the restoration and conservation of architectural monuments located in different districts of Uzbekistan also coincided with this period. Creating building materials and covering materials similar to old samples has been one of the problems in the restoration of architectural monuments for many years. Thanks to the efforts of specialists and folk craftsmen, the problem was solved and an important achievement was achieved in the restoration of monuments. From simple conservation, which consisted of fixing the coating with an alabaster mixture, it went to the restoration of mosaics, mosaics and carved majolica. The introduction of the method of strengthening architectural monuments with the help of engineering, the use of modern building materials should also be noted as an important factor. In this process, the school-workshop specializing in teaching ancient construction methods, which started its activity in the city of Samarkand in 1937, played an important role. Usta Shirin Muradov, an architect from Bukhara, a master craftsman, was considered a mature architect of his time, B.N. Together with Zasypkin, they prepared a textbook for this school that teaches the secrets of ancient construction techniques and geometric ornament methods. 238 pages of drawings were also attached to the manuscript. At the same time, famous master restorers such as master Usman Umarov, master Shamsiddin Ghaforov, master Abdulla Boltaev, Nasim Ghafurov, master Muhiddin Rahimov took an active part in the educational process. Later, graduates of the school, such as master Ibrahim Shermuhamedov, master Abdug'affor Hakulov, Anvar Quliev, master Mirumar Azizov, Tashmuqum Kurbanov, reached the level of mature master restorers. A new stage of organizational and structural changes has begun for the state body protecting architectural monuments, which operated in Uzbekistan by the time of the Second World War. In 1943, the Uzkomstaris organization was abolished, and the Department of Architectural Affairs was established under the Soviet of People's Commissars of the UZSSR, and the Department for the Protection of Architectural Monuments was established under the department. Subsequent practice shows that this structural change led to the disappearance of many historical monuments. The reason for this is that the committee of architectural works, based on its main activity, focuses mainly on the construction of housing and other objects of economic and social importance in the cities and villages of the country. For example, in 1950-60, the main projects of the committee, developed by the leading organizations in the center, 60| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 included the construction of new buildings in historical cities. But this practice was intended to be carried out in the traditional residential addresses of the population. If we take into account that in the historical cities of the republic, such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, the houses of the residents are located close to the monuments, it was natural that this practice would cause damage to the old buildings. In particular, as a result of the large-scale implementation of the works carried out according to the plan, around the architectural monuments in Samarkand, structures that spoil their original appearance were filled with educational institutions, palaces of culture, cinemas or multi-storey boxes. And in Bukhara, in this period, the historical walls of the city were almost transported and served as raw material for bricks, Yormuhammad Otaliq's house built in the 16th century in the center of the city, Ernazar Elchi madrasa built in the 18th century were demolished. This list can be continued with similar unfortunate events. In general, if the economic and financial capabilities of the state were not limited at that time, the works envisaged in the main projects of the cities would have been fully implemented. This would have further limited the list of historical- architectural monuments that have reached the present day. In addition, the financial capabilities and the level of staffing of the organizations that protect the shacks have fallen to a very deplorable state. As a result of the policy of Soviet modernism in the 30s and 50s of the last century, our material cultural heritage suffered many losses. In particular, the historical features of small and medium-sized cities were changed or destroyed. The situation that arose required a change in the activity of the organization related to the preservation of cultural monuments in the republic. On August 30, 1957, on the initiative of a number of enthusiastic and progressive intellectuals of the Republic, the Republic of Uzbekistan By the Government Decision No. 557 - the Committee for the Protection of Material Culture Monuments was established. A council was formed under this Committee, and Ya. Ghulamov, M. Masson, T. Qoriniyozov, G. Mature scientists like Pugachenkova entered. Despite the fact that the council has been operating for a short period of time (which operated during 1957- 1961), with its help, large-scale work was carried out to preserve a significant part of the existing monuments of cultural and historical importance in Uzbekistan, and in some of them, to develop repair work, to study them scientifically, and to further revive the work of the school of restorers in the republic. It is important that the efforts of eminent scientists of the country, who worked in this organization, were not in vain, but had a positive effect on the preservation of cultural and historical heritage in the republic in the future. "Society for preservation of monuments of historical and material culture of Uzbekistan" was established on March 27, 1967 by the decision of the Council of Ministers of Uzbekistan for the purpose of careful preservation, study and restoration 61| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 of historical monuments [9]. This society has done some positive work in the field of preserving and restoring monuments of material culture. At the same time, until January 1, 1969, about eight thousand primary organizations of the society were established in the republic, they united more than one million 200 thousand people and 5 thousand collectives [9]. Although these figures are far from the truth and have been exaggerated several times, it was a positive step towards the protection of tangible cultural heritage objects for its time. During those times, more than 500 articles of the members of the Society explaining the material culture monuments to the public were published in the republican, regional and district newspapers. 70 lectures were given on national and local radio broadcasting networks, 20 programs were prepared on television [9]. In the process, the information may have been somewhat distorted, but in any case, the promotion of tangible cultural heritage objects to the general public was a major development in the field. 1968 was an important event in the field of protection of our cultural heritage. The law on protection of cultural monuments was adopted. It should be noted that this was done 8 years (1976) before such a law was adopted at the level of the Union. In accordance with this law, the government of the republic approved the guidelines on its application, the regulation on the regulation of the construction of buildings around the areas of protection of material culture monuments, the guidelines on the right to carry out archaeological excavations and prospecting works in the territory of Uzbekistan. At the same time, on August 30, 1968, by the Decision of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the former Committee was transformed into the General Directorate for the Protection of Monuments and Fine Arts. In general, the law on the protection of monuments not only protected monuments from destruction or intentional destruction, but also played an important role in the further improvement of the work of protection and restoration of monuments in the republic. Studying of historical and cultural monuments and development of documentation for their accounting was carried out everywhere. Taking into account the importance of historical and cultural monuments, the government of the Republic has significantly increased the amount of funds allocated for their protection since 1973. This made it possible to strengthen the activities of the authorities for the protection of monuments, and thanks to this, re-registration of all immovable monuments in the Republic was carried out. A new list of monuments under state protection was compiled [8]. The increase in the volume of state protection, repair and conservation works required the establishment of a single management body. For this purpose, on February 24, 1979, a state system for the protection of cultural monuments was established in Uzbekistan - the Central Committee of the CP of the Uzbekistan SSR and the Decision No. 149 of the Council of Ministers of the Uzbekistan SSR, the General Directorate for 62| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 Scientific Production of Cultural Monuments (GlavNPU). Later, a design institute, scientific-restoration production organizations, including a restoration enterprise specializing in the restoration, conservation, and unique works of architectural monuments, were established as part of it. The General Directorate was entrusted with the preservation of immovable and movable cultural monuments, the development of visual and monumental art, and the organization of museum and exhibition works. However, as we noted above, despite a number of efforts to protect cultural monuments at the state level, many architectural monuments were destroyed due to the nihilism and one-sided mass approach to housing construction that prevailed for many years. Usually, when drawing up the master plans of the cities, the historical- architectural reserves were left out of the plans to preserve them as a white spot. In particular, the Registan ensemble experienced many losses during the last 25 years of the Soviet era. This sad situation was observed not only in Uzbekistan, but also in many historical cities of the former Union. Since the first years of independence, a number of measures have been taken to eliminate the above-mentioned negative situations, preserve and protect cultural heritage and their use. In particular, a number of laws were adopted on the protection and use of historical heritage objects. In particular, it was established in the General Assembly of our country that it is the duty of citizens to preserve historical, cultural and spiritual monuments and that monuments are under the protection of the state. At the same time, in 2001 - "On the protection and use of objects of cultural heritage" and in 2009 - "On the protection and use of objects of archaeological heritage" were adopted, which set the legal basis for the use and protection of objects of cultural heritage. was placed. It should be noted that since 2017 special attention has been paid to the protection of cultural heritage. Development and improvement of activities of cultural and educational institutions and museums, strengthening of their material and technical base were defined as among the most urgent tasks in the Strategy of Actions on five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021. In the Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy Majlis on December 22, 2017, special attention was paid to improving the system of reliable protection of cultural heritage objects and their effective use. and the preservation of cultural heritage and its wide use in educating the younger generation were defined as one of the main tasks of the Concept [10]. Funds allocated from the budget to this sector have been significantly increased year by year. In particular, in 2015, 11 billion was allocated for the protection of cultural heritage objects. 500 million, 22 billion in 2016. 832 million, 28 billion in 2017. 848 million, 46 billion in 2018. 569 mln. 67 billion soums in 2019. soums [10], and in 2022 87 billion soums were allocated. 63| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 During 2017-2022, the activities of structures in the field of protection and use of cultural heritage objects were improved. The General Directorate of Scientific and Production Protection and Use of Cultural Heritage Objects, the Department of Cultural Heritage, and this department was transformed into the Agency of Cultural Heritage. In the Cabinet of Ministers, separate divisions were established in the Cultural Heritage Protection Inspectorate, the General Prosecutor's Office and the regional prosecutor's office. In order to strengthen the protection of tangible cultural heritage objects, in recent years, legislative acts have established, among others, the following [11]: Appropriate administrative and criminal liability for violation of the rules of protection and use of material cultural heritage objects and destruction, damage or damage to material cultural heritage objects under state protection has been increased; Buildings, structures and other objects that are not considered objects of material cultural heritage in the protected areas of real estate objects of tangible cultural heritage under state protection, in specially protected historical and cultural areas, including areas included in the World Heritage List due to their historical and cultural value, and in their protected areas administrative and criminal responsibility for building or demolishing without a permit was established; The practice of drawing up a report on an administrative offense by officials of the Cultural Heritage Agency (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) and its regional departments for administrative offenses related to violations of the rules for the protection and use of material cultural heritage objects and sending them to court in accordance with the law; The agency and its regional departments introduced applications and claims to the courts without paying a state fee for the protection of real estate objects of material cultural heritage and their rational use; The agency has the right to make a submission to the heads of state bodies and other organizations, which must be considered to eliminate cases of violations of the law identified in the field of material cultural heritage objects, the reasons and conditions that enable them; The decisions taken by the agency within its powers were determined to be mandatory for state and economic management bodies, local executive authorities, other organizations and their officials, as well as citizens; Drafts of normative legal documents related to objects of material cultural heritage and master plans of settlements have been introduced to be agreed with the Agency in a mandatory manner; It was determined that the territories of the republic included in the list of UNESCO's World Heritage according to their historical and cultural value are considered to be specially protected historical and cultural areas, and the projects of construction and improvement works planned in them are to be carried out in mandatory order in coordination with the Agency and the UNESCO World Heritage Center; 64| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 The Agency has introduced licensing and permitting activities related to preservation of immovable property objects of material cultural heritage, as well as control over compliance with license and permit conditions; The right to attract local and foreign specialists in the field of tangible cultural heritage objects on the basis of a civil-legal contract and to determine the amount of remuneration for their work from the funds of the Cultural Heritage Fund and from other sources not prohibited by legislation, was granted by the Director of the Agency; The agency has the right to request information on the income from the use of immovable property objects of material cultural heritage and their expenditure from the relevant entities and to instruct them on the effective use of these funds; Procedures for calculating the amount of material damage caused to the material cultural heritage immovable property, the conditions and procedures for their use, and ensuring compliance with them were introduced; Implementation of state control over the protection, preservation and use of objects of material cultural heritage, the procedure for determining protected areas of immovable property objects of material cultural heritage and their preservation was approved; It was determined that the fines paid for violating the rules of protection and use of tangible cultural heritage objects and for destroying, destroying or damaging tangible cultural heritage objects, as well as funds for compensation of damage caused to tangible cultural heritage objects considered state property, will be directed to the Cultural Heritage Fund. For example, only in 2022, it is necessary to highlight the importance of the Law No. 754 "On amendments and additions to certain legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan in connection with strengthening the protection of tangible cultural heritage objects" adopted on February 15, 2022 [12]. According to the legislation in force until the adoption of this law, the destruction, destruction or damage of objects of material cultural heritage under state protection was considered a crime of low social risk, and Article 132 of the Criminal Code provided for the punishment of up to 3 years of imprisonment for them. Now, for these acts provided for in Article 132 of the Criminal Code, the penalty of imprisonment for up to 7 years has been established. Also, based on the nature and specificity of these crimes, it was necessary to carry out competent investigative actions. It is found that in the processes related to the repair and restoration of the facilities, a large amount of damage to them is done directly with the participation of officials. The implementation of the preliminary investigation of the crimes of destruction, destruction or damage to the objects was transferred from the internal affairs bodies to the powers of the investigators of the prosecutor's office. In 2017-2021, 486 instructions and submissions were made by the Cultural Heritage Agency and its regional offices on the elimination of violations. However, 179 of them 65| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 have not been implemented. In order to prevent these cases and violations in the future, administrative responsibility for non-compliance with the instructions of the Agency of Cultural Heritage and its regional offices was established. However, there are still many problems in the field of protection and use of cultural heritage objects. In the study conducted by the General Prosecutor's Office, 50 of the 320 objects that underwent repair and restoration were found to have violated the law and caused serious damage to archeological objects in Samarkand (58) and Surkhandarya (42) regions. Another of them is gaps in our legislation. The non-acceptance of some legal documents in the field of cultural heritage, especially in the field of archaeological heritage, is the reason why some problems cannot be solved. Conclusion The growth of the population and the level of development are also factors that have a strong impact on the field of cultural heritage. The fact that most cultural heritage objects are located in or near settlements and in areas of agricultural land can lead to damage, expropriation and destruction of their protected areas or the site itself. The fact that the field of cultural heritage is not equipped with new technologies and techniques hinders the rapid movement of competent bodies and regional administrations. Such a situation often leads to finding out after the object has been damaged or destroyed. Thus, material cultural heritage is an important component of socio-economic and ideological issues. Historical masterpieces of material culture are symbols of the nation and the state. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative methods in economic and legal management of material cultural heritage objects. In the system of protection of tangible cultural heritage objects, the factor of urban planning, increasing the responsibility of the government system, and strengthening the cooperation of the state and the public remain among the urgent problems of the current management system. In solving these problems and further improving the system of protection of cultural heritage objects, it is appropriate to consider the following: - Ensuring the rational integration of urban planning systems with the protection of heritage objects; - Further improvement of the system of use and protection of cultural heritage objects and strengthening of its legal basis; - To give freedom in terms of management and accelerate the transformation of cultural heritage objects into tourism objects while preserving their originality; 66| P a g e http://www.ajird.journalspark.org/ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 - In order to further develop tourism in the country, to improve the infrastructure of areas where cultural heritage objects are located, to increase additional cultural and touristic objects around them; - In order to restore cultural heritage objects and increase their tourist attractiveness, it is necessary to attract foreign investments and ensure their effective use. 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