American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 89 | P a g e THE CONCEPT OF" DISCOURSE " IN THE INTERPRETATION OF FOREIGN LINGUISTS Madazizova Dilafruz Habibiloevna Fergana State University Senior Teacher ANNOTATION In modern linguistics, new directions are entering under the areas of microlinguistics and macrolinguistics. Pragmatics and cognitive linguistics were also among the new directions. At the same time, the issue of "discourse", "discursive analysis" is gaining popularity in Uzbek linguistics as in other world languages. The well-known foreign linguist that the issue of" discourse " is becoming popular and dominant in linguistics V. Z. Demyankov, in his collection" Dominiruyutshie linguisticheskie theory v conke XX ", explains: "one of the dominant theories in linguistics at the end of the 20th century is discourse, the theory of” [2]. Keywords: dominant theories in linguistics, new areas in linguistics. Introduction It is impossible to imagine a deeper study of subjects such as pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, studied as new areas in linguistics, without discourse or discourse analysis. Because the issue of discourse is closely related to pragmatics and cognitive linguistics. Discourse comes from the Latin word "discursus" – meaning "discussion". The concept of discourse as a linguistic term entered linguistics in the middle of the last century. According to the sources cited by foreign linguists, this science arose and was recognized as a science in the late 1960s and early 1970s on the work of various fields: linguists, semiotic scientists, psychologists, anthropologists and sociologists. Diskurs is a science related to the study of the relationship between this language and the context in which it (this language) is used. Discourse studies the current language, that is, all kinds of written texts, oral information, from simple conversations to high-level institutional forms of speech.[3] If we focus on the history of discourse, we can cite the following sentences: "at a time when Linguistics was mainly concerned with the analysis of a sentence, foreign linguist Zelling Harris published an article entitled "discourse analysis" (Harris, 1952). In his article, he became interested in the distribution of linguistic elements in large texts, the connection between the text and its social status, and began to study it. As a result of the research carried out, a new network for linguistics "semiotics" began to appear. An important role in the emergence of semiotics was also played by the approaches of French structuralism in the narrative genre. In the 1960s, however, Dell Haymes put forward a proposal to study speech in its social environment (Haymes 1964). American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 90 | P a g e Linguists-philosophers such as Austin (1962), sirl (1969) and Gris (1975), on the other hand, offered to study language as a social movement. They developed the theory of"Speech Act" and the formula for the formation of communication at a high level. The result of such research by linguists and philosophers laid the foundation for the emergence of a new field in linguistics, namely "pragmatics" (study of meaning from context) (Levinson 1983, Liich 1983).[5] As a result of research devoted to the study of language from a pragmatic point of view, the application of the term discourse in eight different meanings was recognized: 1) word alternative; 2) a unit that draws from phrases by size; 3) the influence of Thought on addressee, taking into account the speech situation; 4) conversation; speech- speaking pose; 6) the use of linguistic units; During the 1980s, foreign linguist T. A. In the studies carried out by Van Dyke, it is based on the idea of cognitive mechanisms in the processing of "discourse". In his opinion, "discourse" emphasized the fact that it is an important component of mutual socio-cultural influence, while its characteristic features embody interests, goals and styles. From this point of view, the linguist first expressed his attitude to the fact that over the past twenty years the interpretation of the concept of discourse has finally changed significantly: "while in the 60s and 70s discourse was understood as a connected sequence of sentences or speech actions, from the point of view of modern approaches, discourse is a complex communicative phenomenon, [1] A well-known Amsterdam linguist-scientist T.A.Van Dyke emphasizes that the concept of discourse should be considered in a broad sense as a complex communicative event, and in a narrow sense-as a written or speech verbal product of a communicative action. He defines the difference between discourse and text as follows: "discourse" is an actually spoken text, that is, an active speech action, and "text" is an abstract grammatical structure of thoughts belonging to the language system or formal linguistic knowledge"[1]. In fact, discourse is a clear conversation, and clarity equally applies to the situation, text and object to which the concept of discourse applies. It will also be more correct if we talk about discourse. Discourse is like the genre. Speech genre is a type of speech that is characterized by such aspects as its typical structure, specificity of the use of linguistic means, a clear addressee, a certain communicative goal and informativeness, imperativeness, labeling. The social nature of discourse allows the emergence of new concepts such as journalistic discourse, political discourse, scientific discourse, artistic discourse, diological discourse and evaluative discourse. The variety of interpretations and interpretations given by foreign and domestic linguists indicates that the concept of discourse is multifaceted and comprehensive. All social activities carried out by man through conscious ravisha speech are discursive in nature. The social essence of speech is connected with the text, the peculiarities of which are manifested in one form or another of the text. It is closely related to the historicity, sociability, ideologism of American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 91 | P a g e speech, as a speech action carried out in a clear sociopragmatic text, aimed at a complex goal. Michel Foucault, a great French philosopher, historian, theorist of Science and culture, expressed his attitude to the concept of "discourse" in his scientific books "Archeology znania" and "yazik, Poznanie, communication". He also offers an ideological approach to linguistic communication analysis, expressing his personal views on it. The philosopher asserts that the word "discourse" is comprehensive, evaluating it as a universal concept, not a linguistic one, and interprets it as follows: "discourse is, without a doubt, a sign of phenomenon, but in this it is a more important phenomenon that signs do more work than just use to express phenomena. It is his (discourse) doing so much more that ensures that he cannot be compared to language and speech."[4] Michel Foucault argues that the set of opinions constitutes discursive forms. According to Foucault, the forms of discourse can include the sciences of human society about economics, politics, medicine, living things, as well as the discourse of psychiatry. But according to the scientist Fuko himself, such forms of the concept of "discourse" were not equally accepted by scientists in all fields. But linguists give discourse a completely different definition. In linguistic studies, "discourse" interprets as a text linked together with extralinguistic, pragmatic, social cultural, psychological and other factors. Another linguist is a scientist S.Stepanov expressed his attitude to the concept of discourse, the linguist Considering that the definition given by Demyankov is the best definition, he himself describes it as follows: "discourse is an optional fragment of a text that is more than a single sentence or an independent part of a sentence. Often, but not always, some kind of base is concentrated around the concept. Forms a general context that describes moving individuals, objects, situations, Times, actions. Discourse is not determined from the sequence of sentences, but by the universe, which forms and interprets it, which is "created" with discourse. It should be noted that in this part of the definition V.Z.Demyankov wants to express the intransitive structure of discourse, because here we are talking about the interpretive universe, that is, about the context of the intransitive horizon and interpretation. At the same time, he assesses that discourse also has a logical structure. Elements of linguistic discourse: stated events-Events, their participants, cases after events, not emphasizing that they are not performative information and phenomena; backgrounds that clarify events; the assessment of participants in an event-event also emphasizes that discourse is information that compares with events.[3] The above definitions motivate the discourse to be understood in the following way: discourse is speech in text or action, which, together with all extralinguistic factors, contains the assessment and goals of the addressee in relation to the World, thoughts, views, object and phenomenon. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 07, Aug., 2022 92 | P a g e REFERENCES 1. Ван Дейк, Т. А. (1989). Язык, познание, коммуникация. М.: Прогресс. 2. Демьянков, В. З. (1995). Доминирующие лингвистические теории в конце XX века: Сборник статей «Язык и наука конца 20 века». ВЗ Демьянков М.: Рос. гос. гуманит. ун-т. 3. Степанов Ю.С. Альтернативный мир, Дискурс, Факт и принцип Причинности / Ю.С.Степанов // Язык и наука конца XX века. – М.: Российский Государственный гуманитарный институт, 1995. – С. 35 – 73. 4. Фуко, М. П. (1984). Археология знания. 5. Michael McCarthy, Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press., 1991, p-5 6. Тожимаматова М.Ё. Изучение процесса выделения соединений магния из доломитов месторождения Шорсу // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2019. № 11 (68). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/8250 (дата обращения: 24.04.2021). 7. Тожимаматова М.Ё. Изучение процесса выделения вяжущих соединений магния и кальция растворением доломита в азотной кислоте // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2020. 12(81). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/11022 (дата обращения: 24.04.2021). 8. Тожимаматова М.Ё. ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МАГНЕЗИАЛЬНЫХ ВЯЖУЩИХ ИЗ ДОЛОМИТА И МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2021. 10(91). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/12418.