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FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL 

INSTITUTIONS IN NEW UZBEKISTAN 
G. Мahammadjanov,  

Head of the Department of the Institute of the Problems of Legislation and 

Parliamentary Research at the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan 

 

Annotation 

In the article, the impact of political institutions on the further establishment of 

democratic principles in New Uzbekistan and increasing the activity of citizens, 

raising their legal and political awareness, is scientifically covered, and a number of 

suggestions and recommendations are given.  

 

Keywords: New Uzbekistan, political institutions, modern society, traditionalism, 

modernity, modernization, socio-political institutions, political analysis, civilian 

activism. 

 

Introduction 

Political institutions have high historical importance in the renewal of every society 

and raising development to a new level. "The current new stage of Uzbekistan's 

development requires a radical change of approaches in this regard. Along with all 

spheres of our people's lives, it requires serious changes in the consciousness and 

outlook of our citizens," said Sh. Mirziyoev. These actions aim to establish a completely 

democratic state in New Uzbekistan. In modern society, law and order are as sacred as 

human faith. In our opinion, a completely democratic state is primarily the existence 

of a management system that serves to protect human dignity at a high level. Building 

a completely democratic state can be assessed as a result of modern international 

relations. In particular, modernity in the political sense is the activation of citizens' 

participation in political life, increasing interest in changing it, and the modernization 

of society. In political science, there are different opinions about the construction of 

such a state and its necessity. In particular, there are views such as the democratic 

accountability of the government to the citizens, the responsibility of administrators 

to their subordinates, and the responsibility of the state to the population. In our 

opinion, it is correct to say that a state that cares for the population is a legal form of 

the leading institutions of a society fully expressing the interests of the people. 

The concept of a state that cares for the population is directly related to its political 

institutions, which is explained by the fact that they are a set of mechanisms aimed at 

increasing the populism of this state. In particular, it is observed that another sign of 

such state building is the formation of an environment of openness and transparency 

in society. 



 

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The existence of a democratic state that cares for its population is explained by the 

level of adherence to the principles of legality in society. In this case, the absolute 

authority and supremacy of the current legislation should be ensured. Political 

institutions appear as objects of the formation of such a state and political system. 

New political views and political institutions must become the main drivers of citizens' 

preparation (political propaganda) for any changes in relations. First of all, it goes 

along with the renewed society and the views of the new generation. Based on such 

relations, political conflicts will certainly be observed. Modernizing societies include 

conflicts between rationalism and pragmatism as well as traditional ways of life and 

thinking. 

It is stated in the preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan about 

building a people-friendly state and building a modern society in Uzbekistan: "Relying 

on the historical experience of the development of the Uzbek statehood 

(traditionalism), showing its commitment to democracy and social justice, aiming to 

establish a human democratic legal state (modernity) in the form of its autonomous 

representatives accepts this constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan". The issue of 

the role and importance of political institutions in modernity and human dignity in 

Uzbekistan was thoroughly covered by Sh. Mirziyoev is in the first stage of reforms to 

renew society (2016-2021 Action Strategy) and in the "New Development Strategy of 

Uzbekistan" for 2022-2026. The necessity of a people-friendly state in Uzbekistan was 

explained by the President of Uzbekistan on September 19, 2017, at the 72nd session 

of the United Nations General Assembly, the reforms aimed at radically renewing the 

life of our country and people, creating a new, democratic image of our society, were 

raised to a new level. The main content of the construction of the new Uzbekistan-

People's State was defined by President Shavkat Mirziyoev "In the globalized world, in 

the current conditions in which various threats to peace and stability are increasing, 

changes in the life of our people and their gradual development level, the 

implementation of the general laws specific to this process and the related special 

attention should be paid to specific national characteristics". It is correct to say that 

"New Uzbekistan" is a concept that fully expresses the national and world standards 

of a people-loving state. The role of political institutions based on the idea of 

establishing such a state is that they are the leading force in determining the next level 

of the society's development step by step, and in making the ongoing changes correct 

and accurate. "It is necessary to constantly improve our work methods and criteria for 

the formation and standing of new systems and structures compatible with the socio-

political structure of today's new era," says the President. In our opinion, in the 

conditions of today's democratization and globalization, and in ensuring the 

practicality of establishing a new people-friendly state of Uzbekistan, the importance 

of political institutions will be higher than ever, because in the 21st century, in a time 

when the level of human thinking and worldview is changing hourly, the unification of 

old and new forces, the socio-political integration of the state and society 



 

American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development 

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strengthening the foundations is a constant important criterion in the construction of 

statehood. New Uzbekistan is an idea as a guarantee of the formation of a stable state 

and civil society based on the renewal of democratic principles. Uzbekistan managed 

to conclude the example of the events of the years of independence (attempts of 

various terrorist movements to restore the "caliphate" - author). Such new forces are 

called "This group tends to the old ways, and we tentatively call them re-traditionalists. 

The second group is a technocratic, westernized group, a group of reformers. Any 

tradition in itself is a modern, untested process, a source of experience for the socio-

political order, and the need to form a strong political system based on the formation 

of means of strengthening traditional institutions should become a leading idea, an 

ideology based on this. "Traditionality connects today with the past, and modernity 

with the future." 

In the new society, in the conditions of the pluralism of free thoughts, ideas, and 

ideologies, changing the political inclination of citizens to support the state, forming 

mutual trust between the state and society, not only the state, as in the traditional 

society, but now the responsibility of ensuring the full and free active participation of 

the people, at the same time, is the responsibility of political institutions. also takes 

responsibility. Especially in new societies and states, if such political relations are not 

ensured, mutual trust between the state and citizens will be lost, and the government 

will be deprived of its political actors. In our opinion, the need for political institutions 

in modern societies is to form, develop and direct a pluralistic mood in society. The 

crisis of political institutions that do not include the development of political pluralism 

is inevitable. This is one of the main political characteristics of a democratic state. 

"Pluralism, i.e. diversity of opinions and views, is unique to an enlightened, modern 

society." 

It should be noted that political institutions develop under the influence and 

improvement of social institutions. In the period of changes and renewals in the life of 

society and the state, the leading task of such institutions is to guide the members of 

the society in a mood of flexibility to different ideas, be it traditional institutions of 

society or institutions of the new era. It serves to increase the political literacy of the 

population and to increase their mood of active participation, to ensure their 

adaptation to traditionalism in the process of modernization. "Behind the 

modernization that happened in different countries, in most cases, there are signs of 

revolution," said S. Huntington. Modernization is a characteristic feature of the 

reformation based on the new criteria of the collective union in society. Political 

institutions are supported by the implementation of modernity adaptation to the life 

of the society-reforms. Reform and modernity and the idea of building a people-

friendly state are complementary concepts. The essence of the declared democratic 

state of Uzbekistan was focused on the formation of a new relationship between the 

state and society, which is based primarily on the spiritual and age-old values of the 

people, views, and tools used in traditional forms of governance. 



 

American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development 

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In the process of building a democratic state, the issue of stability is also the main 

indicator of the state's further policy. The basis of this stability is directly related to the 

activity of political institutions. This is one of the main factors that become important 

in the life of countries that are on the threshold of new state building and renewal. 

"Based on world experience, it can be said that a certain level of rational bureaucracy 

is a necessary condition for modernization, one of the objective laws of this process." 

Protecting the general public from the ideologies of the previous regime, as well as 

from the tyranny of the ideas of the new age ("mass culture", populism, etc.), 

preserving its values and traditions, following the norms of society, and passing them 

on to the next generation is one of the problems of constant attention. Political 

institutions perform the task of "ideological and spiritual guardians" in the sense of 

uniting the members of the society. This idea is based on the commonality of values, 

traditions, and customs typical of this society and state. But the study of traditional 

social institutions and their important aspects as the basis of any modernity is an 

important turning point in the history of statehood today. In our opinion, in the 

process of building a people-friendly state, it is necessary to take into account two 

important factors, which are closely related to each other: 

First of all, it serves to identify various interests and goals in society, to gather them 

based on one point (that is, common interest), to increase and develop the diversity of 

institutions in society, and, their flexibility factors; Secondly, in such processes, where 

there is a risk of various interests and goals, ideas, ideologies, military, and economic 

conflicts, it is possible to take into account the above specific characteristics of the 

population, quickly and accurately summarizing their thoughts, developing them 

based on new changes, developing the principles of adaptation to them, a single 

general, transition to the process of modernization, which is recognized as a necessity 

based on traditionalism. As one of the main tasks of political institutions, it is of 

particular importance in continuing the chain of interaction of citizens not only within 

the state but also within the state and society. This attitude and activity are especially 

noticeable in the case of Uzbekistan, that is, at a time when it is taking steps to build a 

civil society. The destruction of a person under the influence of traditionalism and 

society through him will cause the "awakening" of radical forces, as well as the 

separation and dispersion of the previously unified (traditional) unity.  

Against the background of globalization and modernization, the importance of 

political institutions is again seen in the fact that the society is not in the form of a 

certain clan, or tribe under the rule of a single ideology and tribe typical of previous 

times, but in the case of some countries, thoughts that lead to economic crises as well 

as political crises (Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine). ideas and ideologies have powerful, 

sometimes chaotic, propaganda machines. Political institutions are the leading force 

that represents the unity of relations between the state and society, and its members. 

Building a modern democratic state is a process of long-term, strategic, historical, and 

national political relations in New Uzbekistan. Democracy, human rights freedoms, 



 

American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development 

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rule of law, and civil society formation processes are taking place between the relations 

of traditionality and modernity in the case of Uzbekistan. Therefore, to increase the 

political consciousness and culture of citizens, on this basis, to ensure their wide 

participation in political relations together with social processes, to improve the 

activities of political institutions, to build political institutions with a new spirit based 

on the principles of traditional governance, to strengthen mutual trust, power and 

governance in the internal political and social relations of Uzbekistan. at the same 

time, it serves as a guarantee of strengthening its status in the international arena. 

Coordination of interaction of modernity and traditionalism, minimization of 

disagreements between them on this basis, and effective use of foreign experiences 

specific to historical, political, and social institutions of traditionalism, in the case of 

Uzbekistan, acquires a specific political significance in terms of building a fair legal 

democratic, modern state based on the universal principles of democracy. . The 

continuity of this process is determined by the state of political institutions, which are 

the manifestation of citizens' views and rules of behavior, and depends on the 

independent and diverse functioning of institutions within the framework of the 

interests of society and the state. It is the institutions that have "power" with the 

human factor that will be recognized in society as the expression of their views, the 

result of their needs, the source of necessity, and the manifestation of their political 

mood. In this regard, further improving the activities of existing social institutions, 

ensuring compliance with the spirit of time and space, improving the activities of 

institutions with new content and appearance, attracting new forces to them, 

especially inviting young people, serves to ensure the practicality of the principle of 

historical development from a strong state to a strong society in the development of 

these organizations.  

As the goal is to build a legal democratic state and civil society in the new Uzbekistan, 

the processes of de-statistic, namely reduction of state intervention, and 

decentralization, particularly, decentralization of the activities of state authorities will 

increase from statist principles of state management. It is desirable to carry out 

reforms in the form of updating the political system in Uzbekistan, relying on the 

traditional foundations of political institutions, and adapting them to new processes. 

In this regard, the construction of the state and society is aimed at implementation 

based on the improvement of management bodies, taking into account the political, 

social, and spiritual relations specific to Uzbekistan, and it is also shown as the 

foundation of civil society. This process depends on new changes in all spheres of 

society and mechanisms for improving the readiness of society's members and its main 

political institutions. Modernization of political institutions is accompanied by 

decentralization of power structures (ie, decentralization) and greater participation of 

citizens in socio-political relations. In particular, decentralization and flexibility 

appear in political institutions as two participants of a single political relationship. 

Because of the state of the decentralization process, how well it corresponds to the 



 

American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development 

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Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org 

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political mood and views of its participants, is expressed by the results of the political 

institutions under their influence. One of the main reasons why democracy, which is 

recognized as the principle of universality, has a different appearance and results in 

the relations of social and political development of different countries can be 

determined by the fact that their society and its main institutions are closed or in a 

closed mood, and secondly, by their generally ineffective activity. 

In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the main institutions of the society are the 

main space in the formation of the generation of citizens with the potential to think 

correctly, and clearly, about the society and the state in the implementation of tasks 

such as establishing a people-loving state in New Uzbekistan. They are also the main 

workers in this. If this task is delayed, the level of perceptions about other areas of 

society and its institutions will be narrowed and limited. 

Secondly, the political system itself should be ready for updates, it should be able to 

accept the characteristics of self-renewal and change, and only then it will start to 

produce results. Based on constant social, economic, and political reforms, a tendency 

and support for changes were formed among the population. 

Thirdly, the modernization changes are based on the readiness of the main institutions 

of the society and the state, that is, based on ensuring the level of awareness of citizens 

about it, and as a result, it ensures its practicality.   

 

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