American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 194 | P a g e МАМЛАКАТИМИЗДА МЕХНАТ МИГРАЦИЯСИ ТИЗИМИНИ РАҚАМЛАШТИРИШ Имомова Нозимахон Авазхоновна Фарғона давлат университети “Сотциология” кафедраси ўқитувчиси Ф.ф.д.(PhD) АННОТАЦИЯ Ушбу тадқиқотда Ўзбекистонда ишчи кучи миграциясининг ҳисобини тўғри олиб бориш, фуқароларнинг хорижга қонуний чиқиши ва меҳнат қилишини таъминлаш мақсадида фуқароларга ягона иденцификацион рақам бериш тизимини ишлаб чиқиш бўйича таклиф ва хулосалар келтирилган. Калит сўзлар: донор мамлакат, рецепиент мамлакат, қонуний миграция, ноқонуний миграция, хорижга чиқиш, иденцифткацион рақам. ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ТРУДОВОЙ МИГРАЦИИ В НАШЕЙ СТРАНЕ Ферганский государственный университет Преподаватель кафедры социальной работы д.ф.н.( PhD) Имомова Нозимахон Авазхоновна АННОТАЦИЯ В данном исследовании представлены предложения и выводы по разработке системы единого идентификационного номера граждан в целях точного учета трудовой миграции в Узбекистане, обеспечения легального выезда и трудоустройства граждан за границу. Ключевые слова: страна-донор, страна-получатель, легальная миграция, нелегальная миграция, выезд за границу, идентификационный номер. DIGITALIZATION OF THE LABOR MIGRATION SYSTEM IN OUR COUNTRY Imomova Nozimaxon Avazkhonovna (PhD), Ferghana State University Lecturer at the Department of Social Work Doctor of Philological Sciences American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 195 | P a g e ANNOTATION This study presents proposals and conclusions on the development of a system of a single identification number of citizens in order to accurately record labor migration in Uzbekistan, to ensure the legal departure and employment of citizens abroad. Key words: donor country, recipient country, legal migration, illegal migration, travel abroad, identification number. Introduction In the conditions of globalization, the importance of the study of labor migration has increased considering that the increase of interdependence between countries, deepening of mutual economic, social and political processes did not affect labor migration. Population migration is a complex socio-economic phenomenon associated with various aspects of the economic and socio-political life of society, the formation and manifestation of changing trends in them. At the same time, in the process of studying migration, it is necessary to distinguish and consider its two aspects. First, in a narrow sense, migration appears as a complete type of territorial movements associated with a change of permanent residence; and migration means to move. In such conditions, the methodology for studying population migration developed by the researchers of the Chicago School of Sociology in the first quarter of the twentieth century remains relevant today. The problem of population migration has been studied in sufficient detail by the representatives of this school. From 1860 to 1920, the largest immigrant groups were formed in the United States: Irish, Italians, and Jews from Eastern Europe. In this regard, the issue of adaptation and, accordingly, integration of migrants into the new society was urgent.The study of migration from a sociological point of view made it possible to develop mechanisms for regulating migration processes, solving ethnic conflicts, preventing deviant behavior of migrants and solving other problems [1]. Also, the first theoretical explanation of the term "migration" is usually associated with the name of the English geographer Rovenstein. As Rovenstein noted, urban residents are less mobile than rural residents. Also, the development of infrastructures, the development of transport and communications, the expansion of trade and the growth of industry also increase migration. If we look at labor migration from a social point of view, it is understood as the migration of the country's labor resources from one region to another, and from an economic point of view, in connection with its social content, it is understood as regional and interregional migration of the population employed in economic sectors. [2-6] American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 196 | P a g e There are two different approaches to revealing the consequences of labor migration. First, it provides the country's need for labor resources, leads to the establishment of new territories, regulates the economic status of the economically active population, and also has a significant impact on the socio-cultural lifestyle of the population. The second approach is explained by the emergence of large cities as a result of the migration of labor resources, the aggravation of ecology, the emergence of various problems, the emergence of problems in the new life of migrants. Therefore, it is important to study the positive and negative effects of labor migration on donor countries (labor exporters) and recipient countries (labor importers). [7] Positive effects of labor migration on the economy of donor countries: Emigration greatly softens the country's labor market, that is, as a result of labor migration, the number of surplus labor resources decreases, especially it has a significant positive effect on densely populated countries (China, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Turkey). Export of labor force - a process that allows emigrant workers of donor countries to learn a new specialty for free, improve their skills, and be able to communicate with new techniques and technologies; Migrants bring with them valuables, money and similar rare items when returning to their homeland, and also make various remittances: Labor force export is the main source of currency inflow and one of the ways to raise the standard of living of their family members; Donor countries collect taxes to the state budget from intermediary firms that organize the work of their citizens abroad.The negative consequences of labor migration on the economy of donor countries can be seen in: Emigrating countries are separated from a certain part of their labor resources or economically active population; Donor countries spend money on education and training of emigrants; There is a decrease in qualified personnel, that is, the departure of educated and qualified personnel. As a result, the state loses a large amount of money. Labor migration has a positive effect on the economy of the recipient countries as follows: The influx of foreign workers creates a high level of mobilization, forms some sectors of the national economy; Immigrants rejuvenate the youth structure of the nation, because usually the emigrants are young people; Recipient countries achieve cost savings because donor countries sending their labor force to improve their knowledge and skills will have paid for it in advance; Immigrants increase the size of the domestic market, increase the demand for goods and services and the volume of production; American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 197 | P a g e The import of labor increases the competitiveness of goods, because with the arrival of cheap labor, production costs are saved; Temporary idle funds of immigrants, financed by the host country for its economy; Immigrants improve the demographic situation, which is especially typical for Western European countries with a high proportion of elderly people in the total population; The negative aspects of labor migration for the recipient countries are manifested in the following: Economic sectors of the country become dependent on foreign labor forces; The price of domestic labor force decreases and the supply of foreign labor force increases; Various conflicts arise between the indigenous population and immigrants, and as a result, inter-country conflicts may arise; Immigrants adapt long and hard in the country where they work. Here, when we study labor migration in foreign countries, its main directions and problems, the flow of migration is directed from developing countries to developed countries. In developed countries, the high level of experience of the population with high economic knowledge, education and cultural status has a strong influence on the migration factor. In countries with a high unemployment rate and low wages, the problem of meeting the basic necessities of life, and the financial support of the family, also motivates migration to developed countries. In countries with a high unemployment rate and low wages, the problem of meeting the basic necessities of life, and the financial support of the family, also motivates migration to prosperous countries. According to the content of the migration processes, there are two types: 1) Economic goals and; 2) It can be divided into migration arising on the basis of spiritual-intellectual and political factors. Labor migration remains one of the complex problems in international economic and political processes.At present, most of the countries where the migration process is rapidly developing are the northern countries. Also, when looking at labor migrants in Germany from foreign countries and the social conditions for their living in the country and the impact of migration processes on the country, Germany is considered one of the countries of immigration in Europe. One in ten of the population of this largest country of the European Union is a non-German citizen. In the 1950s, about 30 million foreigners and Germans immigrated from East Germany to the Federal Republic of Germany. At the end of 2002, the number of foreigners living legally in Germany was 7.3 million people or 8.9% of the total population [2], according to the data of 2020, this figure was enriched by 1.36 million refugees, which is higher than the average for European countries. (5.1%) increased significantly [3]. In most cases, the basis of immigrants, which is the average basis for American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 198 | P a g e European countries, is the citizens of the countries participating in the labor contracts concluded in the 1950s and 1960s. According to statistics from 2003, 28 percent came from Turkey, 16.2 percent from the former Yugoslavia, 8.4 percent from Italy, 5 percent from Greece, and 4 percent from Poland[4]. According to 2020 data, only 80% of the 1.36 million refugees, including those from Middle Eastern countries, received official protection from the German government[5].Recently, the flow of migrants from the Middle East has been increasing, which can be explained by the following factors: - The emergence of economic and social instability in many economic sectors in the context of reforming and changing the economy of Middle Eastern countries; - The fact that political instability, ethnic conflicts and the increase in crime have led to the departure of the population from the countries of the Middle East; - Deterioration of the environment from an ecological point of view, soil erosion due to drought, underdevelopment of agriculture or natural disasters; - It can be observed that the proximity of Middle Eastern countries to developed European countries, that is, due to geopolitical factors, the migration process of immigrants is relatively simplified. According to 2017 data, 24% of the German population had a migrant background. But in 2018-2019, a downward trend of this flow was observed[14] According to polls conducted in Germany[15], 24% of the German population believes that migrants and refugees are one of the main social, moral and political problems in the country. The phenomenon of migration affects the social, economic, political and spiritual life of society in a negative and positive way. Today, violations of immigration laws and procedures, as well as increasing unemployment among the native population of European countries, create certain conflict situations. In particular, in Germany, along with other problems, it can be said that the Germans are increasing their intolerance to the character and culture of other nations, and that they associate this situation with the fight against extremism.At this point, it is worth noting that integration activities with foreigners in Germany began in 1978, and the decision of the country's government to open the Office of the Commissioner to support the integration of immigrants and their families was made in the same year. According to the new law that entered into force in 2005, all immigrants who have received the right of permanent residence must attend special integration courses. At the same time, the migration policy of modern Germany is characterized by the transfer of the function of responsibility for the social protection of immigrants to social agencies with non-state status. The most important distinguishing feature of the modern German integration model is the country's social institutions, including the labor market, education systems, refugee resettlement, and the increasing need to integrate immigrants from the non-state sectors into the state American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 199 | P a g e social protection and socio-political system. At the same time, migrants are not officially included in the German society when approached from a political sociological point of view. The fact that a migrant cannot enter the state social protection system without the fact of obtaining citizenship means that the current German migration model effectively rejects the identity integration of migrants. But by 2000, a new citizenship law was passed in Germany, using the "law of the land" principle to apply to children of foreigners born in Germany. Number of immigrants to Germany in 1991-2017 [16] The new tasks of migration law in Germany were [17]: - Strengthen the fight against migration authorities and any action that violates the German migration law, including illegal border crossing, employment without the permission of official organizations, as well as the conclusion of fake marriages; - To reduce the expenses related to the education and training of immigration subjects by increasing the requirements for the level of labor qualifications and general material support of immigrants; - Reducing the attractiveness of immigrants to enter and stay in Germany by reducing social benefits for immigrants and asylum seekers; - To prevent social fragmentation in Germany by increasing the requirements for knowledge of the German language, as well as the history, state and civil structure of Germany. As a result of the rapid evolutionary reforms of the German migration policy in the 21st century, the following main directions can be indicated: 1) The importance of security issues; 2) Migration policy becomes more environmentally friendly and focuses on economic benefits; 3) Evolutions were provided at the expense of reducing social support for immigrants, as well as harming the legal aspects of migration policy.In our opinion, today it is necessary to carry out reforms in the field of migration in Uzbekistan using the German experience discussed above, to use the experience of successful and American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 08, Sep., 2022 200 | P a g e implemented initiatives at the regional level, to develop and implement projects and programs on the integration and adaptation of migrants taking into account the local characteristics of the country's regions. is appropriate. The Republic of Uzbekistan is a donor country in terms of labor migration. In recent years, the illegal movement of Uzbek migrants abroad, their illegal departure and disappearance, the frequent repetition of employment procedures that violate human security, have created the need for the government to switch to a single digital database and thereby control those who go abroad. This system should include: - Assigning an identification number to every citizen, as in foreign countries, and linking citizens' bank account numbers, money transfers, purchases, air and railway ticket purchase system, tax payments to this identification number. The establishment of such a system allows to control money transfers sent by migrants to our country and their amount. - Linking citizens' identification numbers to their passport data. Through this action, citizens will be able to track in which country they are registered and why. - The identification numbers of citizens must contain the image of the eyes and handprints. This system should make it possible to find migrants who have committed crimes or are missing abroad. - To establish a system of connecting this identification number to the digital systems of the recipient countries, where the migration of citizens of Uzbekistan is actively carried out. The establishment of such a system will be an important factor in preventing illegal migration. In particular, it is useful to keep track of migrants who left Uzbekistan illegally but entered the recipient country legally. Such programs have been widely used in the experience of India and China, and have shown their effectiveness in these two most populous countries in the world. But in their experience, while the system of encoding citizens' information through a unique identification number has been useful in obtaining a complete account of the workforce, keeping records of them as taxpayers, monitoring the behavior of labor migrants abroad and helping them when needed, such a system is in some cases under attack by hackers. what remains shows that system protection is a strong basis for protecting citizens' personal data. The establishment of such a system, along with the full accounting of migrants, will increase the country's ability to care for and protect its citizens abroad. REFERENCES USED: 1. Ситникова Идеи Чикагской школы социологии в современных исследованиях миграции населения // Вестник Нижегородского университета им. Н.И.Лобачевского. Серия: Социальные науки. 2009. №4. 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