American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 266 | P a g e PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF CRIME PREVENTION AMONG TEENAGERS (FAMILY ASPECT) Yunusova Guzal Sultanovna Associate Professor, Fergana State University. Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD), Annotations This article analyzes the causes and factors of juvenile delinquency based on the results and conclusions of research by educators and psychologists. The article is devoted to the family aspect and gives recommendations for the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Key phrases: Adolescents, crime, family, child, upbringing, parents, socio- psychological, pedagogical and psychological behavior, research. It is known that a teenager's absence from family control, waning interest in studies, indulgence in harmful habits, participation in various hooligan activities, violation of general order, negative changes in interpersonal relationships begin to manifest in the behavior of children and adolescents who begin to have criminal behavior. Such changes cannot be overlooked by parents. Therefore, the main role in the upbringing of children and adolescents belongs to the family. A person feels the influence of the family throughout his life, therefore, the educational influence of the family is characterized by continuity and continuity. The stability of the educational influence of the family on the child is reflected in its influence on his education, work, and social activity. This factor is closely related to the overall stability and strength of the marriage. That is, if the family is strong, its educational environment will be stable, and the child who grows up in such an environment will be well-educated and exemplary in behavior. In psychological-pedagogical sources, the family is studied more as a factor affecting the formation of the child's personality. The specific influence of the family on the child is focused on such aspects as whether the relationship between parents and children is based on love, whether there is mutual dependence between the spouses, and how it is perceived by the child. All psychologists and pedagogic scientists and their research support the idea that a positive emotional environment is necessary for a child's education and upbringing. Because children's worldview, character formation, assimilation of values, assimilation of behavior norms and social norms, formed habits American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 267 | P a g e and demonstrated abilities, first of all, the issue of the influence of the family on children's social imagination has been in the attention of many scientists. A research scientist dealing with the socio-psychological problems of juvenile delinquency in Uzbekistan. While studying the factors and causes of criminality in the process of solving this problem, B.M Umarov proved that the family factor plays an important role in this, especially that the conflicting relationship between parents is the cause of personality deviation. The author states that "children and adolescents are brought up in complete, incomplete families and in the care of relatives or other people as a result of the absence of both parents, also affects the origin of their behavior." Below we distinguish several types of children's behavior in the conditions of a bad environment in the family: 1) emotionally unstable children (characteristic of families without strict parental control and order); 2) sensitive to emotions, affective (characteristic of families who do not live well socially, incompetent families); 3) have egoistic habits (in families where the child is brought up on the basis of the principle of "family piri"); 4) a person who doesn't trust anyone, who is lazy (despotic upbringing in the family, conflict situations or neglect of the child). Internal and external psychological factors related to crime: Self-respect, the need for prestige (in minors, this phenomenon is observed in delinquent students at the age of 12-13, it is more developed in delinquents than in positive scores); need to take risks; artificial needs; emotional instability; aggressiveness; Boys and girls who can be included in the "risk group": those with accentuation in character (especially hyperthymic, hysteroid (demonstrative), schizoid, emotional-labile, epileptoid, cycloid); persons with deviations in mental development; low self-esteem; self-confident, inadequate (inconsistent) self-assessment, etc. Yu. E. Aleshina and E. V. Lectorskaya studied the identification of sexual roles and came to the conclusion that deviant behavior in adolescent boys is mainly related to the maturation of sexual identity and masculinity. According to them, antisocial behavior is manifested due to the fact that the manifestation of "masculinity" has become a difficult issue for boys. We can see this in: The requirements for masculinity and femininity have two sides, two standard appearances: American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 268 | P a g e that the stereotype of a "real man" includes strict characteristics; the increase of women in the educational process; that in the process of education, special activities are not organized to educate real masculine qualities. No matter how ugly, severe, severe the deviant behavior of delinquent teenagers is, it is always aimed at the teenager's self-expression, ability and self-fulfillment. Due to the identity disorder of such adolescents, the transition to acting within their role is mediated by delinquency and deviance. In the family, he analyzed 5 main manifestations of parental behavior and the child's perception of these behaviors and attitudes towards parents: 1. In a family where parent-child relations are implemented according to democratic principles, the child has the following idea about himself and his parents: "They love me and I need them, so I love them too." Adequate self-esteem and trust in people, joy in all good things, including close and sincere relationships with parents, self- confidence, not being afraid of mistakes, not worrying too much even when they make mistakes, depending on the need it is possible to count such things as making requests and hoping to get real help, taking into account parents' role and beliefs in life, hopes and wishes. 2. In a family where excessive kindness (hyperprotection) and attention are shown to the child, the child will have the idea that "I am loved and I am needed, they live for me." In such a family, children are proud of their existence and birth, and therefore believe that any wish and desire will come true. Usually, the parents have been waiting for the birth of such a child for a long time and they always remind the child of this, so the child grows up to be very egoistic, the idea of his parents' helplessness is combined with his own ability to do many things. The opinion of a gifted child that he is supposed to be extremely talented becomes a priority, because the parents exalt some of his insignificant achievements to the sky. 3. The opposite of the above situation, that is, in a family where there is neglect and unkindness towards the child, the imagination of the child is as follows: "They don't like me, but I have to try and get closer to them." The idea that "I am not a good child" usually leads to the appearance of a number of serious negative qualities in the child. For example, low self-esteem, high self-blame, stuttering about many things, fear of guilt, mood swings, and so on. In such a family, due to the poor moral environment, the child cries, "raises a fist before he is afraid", as they say, tries to justify himself by doing every good or bad deed. In fact, the child knows very well that he is unexpected, that his parents brought him into the world due to the necessity of the situation, by chance. Because parents talk about it in front of him. 4. A child who is not satisfied with his parents' love, who has not achieved it, goes to the next stage of negative emotional experiences: "You hurt me, I will respond accordingly." In such conditions, the child deliberately does things that his parents American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 269 | P a g e don't like, does the opposite of what he says, and communication with him becomes more and more difficult for the parents. A vengeful child often does the opposite of parents' demands, gets on their nerves, becomes uncontrollable, stubborn, and often turns into a criminal. 5. Sometimes a child suffering from parental indifference gets tired of fighting: "They don't love me, I'm not needed, leave me alone", the child begins to express his helplessness. The situation in such a family is very difficult, the child condemns himself to loneliness, avoids everyone, most of the cases of suicide among teenagers are caused by this psychological situation. The main mistakes made in education 1. Ignorance of children's inner world. 2. Not knowing the individuality and characteristics of children. 3. Failure to see results according to parents' requirements. 4. Continuity in communication with children. 5. Disagreements between parents. 6. Not believing in children's abilities. 7. Ignorance. According to the theory of Z.Freud, a child sentenced to corporal punishment becomes more and more aggressive, grows up as a vindictive person who is determined to take pain from some object (smaller than himself, strangers, animals). According to data, at least 1% of street children in America are victims of such upbringing in the family. American scientists have studied the negative impact of such strictness in the family on the behavior of children and parents, and have focused on the changes that occur in their character. Cases of physically assaulting a child and beating him are typical of representatives of almost all social strata. Most of the women who have been unlucky in life, work, or the victim of an unhappy love, but have children, tend to take their pain from their child, which becomes a life skill more and more. Especially under the influence of stress factors, parents (for example, unemployed, homeless, migrants who went to other lands in search of work, victims of ethnic or financial conflicts, the poor) are unable to solve their social problems and begin to take revenge on their born child. The emotional relationship between parents and children is shown in two different ways. In the first, there is a high level of positive qualities such as intimacy and kindness in relationships, and in the second, harshness and punishment: 1. A parent with a high level of positive qualities always explains the motives of his demands to the child and allows the child to discuss them. Dominance, demandingness is used only when necessary. Obedience and independence in a child are valued. A parent sets the rules and enforces them, and he himself follows them. Parents always listen to the child's opinion, but do not always fulfill his wishes without words. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 270 | P a g e 2. Strict parents are very demanding of their children, they always control them, they set their own rules at home and force their children to follow these rules. The educational essence of family relations is reflected in the works of Allama Abu Ali Ibn Sina, one of the Eastern thinkers, whose encyclopedic knowledge was recognized by all European nations. As a great scientist, he tried to reveal the scientific essence of all phenomena, including the family relationships through which human life passes. Ibn Sina's pedagogical and psychological views were built on a social basis, he advocated the application of the universal principle in child education and advised the parents that it is better to educate the child through personal example rather than severe corporal punishment. Elucidating various aspects of family relations, Ibn Sina places a number of demands on the father, who is the head of the family. The head of the family, he writes, should perfectly master the issues of education in the family, both theoretically and practically. If the head of the family is inexperienced, he will not be able to educate his members well, in the end he will not achieve good positive results, bad upbringing can have a bad effect not only on this family, but also on the neighbors and neighborhood. Ibn Sina believes that raising a child in a family is the primary duty of parents, regardless of their position in society. Whether a parent is a head of state or an ordinary citizen, he or she is responsible for the upbringing of the child. The great thinker Jalaluddin Devani highly evaluates the role of parents in the upbringing of a child in the family: "The child becomes very impressionable and receptive from a young age, and accepts good qualities without distinction. A child's heart is like a patterned board and they easily accept pictures. According to his belief, parents should be equally involved in the upbringing of the child and should be able to feel the responsibility. Indeed, a child is born in a family, he grows up enjoying the warmth of his heart and his first breath in the arms of his parents. The whole world learns the secrets from them first. Therefore, the more joyful and responsible it is for parents to have a child, the more difficult it is to raise it. Thus, the violation of the relationship between parents and their children begins to be felt in connection with the manifestation of deviations from certain standards of behavior. Relationship in the family Positive parents see a lot of positive aspects in their children, accept them as they are and be proud of them. Parents who see only the fault of their child, create in them hatred and enmity not only towards themselves, but also towards the people around them, create bitterness and negative recognition, and of course, the child will end up in the street of crime. Basics of positive recognition 1. If the child is interested in life and problems, be open-minded - they will imitate you and soon return it to you. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 271 | P a g e 2. The child quickly realizes the fake respect and attention and he will be a hypocrite like you. 3. Be patient with other people - this will be a lesson of kindness and humanity for your child. 4. Don't talk bad about people - one day your child will say the same about you. 5. Behavior is a moral criterion of a person. Do not lose your identity under any circumstances. Be a role model for your child. Emphasizing the direct role of parents in the influence of family interactions on child socialization, we draw attention to the importance of family completeness: "Our observations proved that the completeness of the family, that is, where both father and mother live in peace and in it, normal human relations, healthy spiritual the presence of the environment allows the child to develop well in all aspects, become healthy, intelligent, strong-willed. The need for both the father and the child to be a mother is explained by the fact that, for example, a girl imagines what kind of mother she will be in the future, looking at her mother and her behavior in the family, in addition to realizing that she belongs to the female gender; he understands what kind of family owner he should be. Similarly, when a boy perceives his mother's qualities, family behavior and attitude towards his father, when he learns what kind of girl he can marry in the future, what qualities the daughter he chooses should have, he imagines himself as a man in the future, depending on his father and his position in the family. Together, they gain knowledge and ideas about how to treat their spouse. This is a psychological law and is the leading principle of personal and sexual socialization of a person in the family. That is why it is very important for the child to receive a good upbringing and to have a decent position in society and family relations, a healthy, stable family environment, and a husband and wife who care for each other, lovingly and faithfully." In particular, we pay attention to the following facts: "The families of teenagers who are suspected in criminal cases, which are considered by the prevention inspector, are different. Most of them - 40 percent - are families defined as morally incompetent. That is, this category of families includes those whose adults are prone to behavior contrary to the social norms of the society (such as unemployment, neglect, deportment, disregard for social norms) and those who live in their own way without disrespecting national and regional customs. In most of them, father and mother do not live together, some families are irregular, i.e., the head of the family - the father left the family, the separation is not officially recorded, the mother is often out of sight of the neighborhood people due to her incompetent actions, she is not involved in raising children. A teenager brought up in such a family often does not regularly attend school because he is neglected, gets involved in a gang of street children, and indulges in various harmful habits (such as smoking, drinking, and drug use). He hears constant reprimands from teachers for not attending classes well, does not join the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 09, Oct., 2022 272 | P a g e public, and goes away. Caught on the street, he falls into the account of the Juvenile Inspectorate (VEI). After all, research shows that behavioral disorders of one of the family members lead to dysfunctional development of the whole family or individual subsystems in it. In our case, the deviation in the child's behavior leads to the principle that the mother's mistakes in the parenting methods have a negative effect on the child's behavior. Importantly, in both cases, in terms of social psychology, cohesion in the family is lost, harmony in relationships is broken. References: 1. Abu Ali ibn Sina. Medical treatises. T.: Science, 1987 2. Freud A. Psikhologiya "Ya" i zashchitnye mechanism. - M.: Pedagogika press, 1993. - S. 45-46. 3. Umarov B.M. Socio-psychological problems of juvenile delinquency in Uzbekistan. - Psihol.f.d. diss. written for degree. abstract.-T., TDPU 2009, - 46 p. 4. Normurodov G'.A. Psychological features of interrogation of suspected minors// Psychol.f.n. dissertation written for obtaining a scientific degree.-T., UzMU 200. – 175 p. 5. Yunusova Guzal Sultanovna. 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