American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 267 | P a g e QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION AND ITS PECULIARITIES Turdikulov Shuxrat Xudoyqulovich Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies АNNOTATION In this article, the author focused on the problems of quantitative assessment of corruption and modeling in its bartarfing. In this he highlighted the large and small types of it, along with cases of corruption in the political, economic, social sphere. At the same time analyzed the cases in the countries of the world. Кeywords: corruption, assessment, statistical assessment, quantity analysis, bribery, extortion, corruption measurement, index. Today, corruption is seen as a vice by humans in the world's brain. This vice, along with a negative impact on the life of society, is a destructive factor in intimate and honesty-based relationships between people. At this point, we will focus our attention on this concept. Corruption is understood as the intentional and unlawful abuse of the career authority entrusted to a person, seeking personal wealth and personal interest. Corruption occurs at all levels of Government: global, national, provincial and local. Agents of all kinds: individuals, enterprises, government officials and politicians can be voluntarily or voluntarily involved in corruption. Corruption has different forms: bribery, extortion, fraud, embezzlement, collusion, abuse of career authority, bias, donation, kinship, patronage and others. The state of corruption is influenced by various factors, including social and cultural conditions, institutional and organizational structures, political environment, economic and structural policy. Major corruption refers to actions that violate policies implemented at the government level, allowing political and government leaders to benefit from the public interest. Petty corruption refers to the daily abuse by low-and middle-level public officials of credible powers in communication with ordinary citizens, who often try to use basic goods or services in hospitals, schools, internal affairs departments and other similar places. We can now see corruption in the areas of qtsuy. Including: In the political sphere, corruption leads to a slowdown in the process of transition to democratic principles, the transition of policy goals from national development to ensuring the strength of certain groups, violation of the rule of law, inefficiency of American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 268 | P a g e political and judicial institutions, a decrease in the country's image, real political competition, while reducing confidence in the government, its exclusion from In the field of Economics corruption leads to inefficient allocation and expenditure of public funds and resources, a large amount of time and material costs when doing business, an increase in financial and commercial risks, price fluctuations (growth), a decrease in competition due to the harm of economic development, an increase in the hufyona economy, tax losses, a deterioration in the investment environment, a decrease in investment In the social sphere, corruption is manifested along with the increase in social inequality and poverty, the inability of the authorities to solve social problems due to losses to the budgetary sphere, the aggravation of organized crime and the discredit of legislation in public. This leads to a loss of value of moral norms and an increase in social tension. There is a measure of corruption, which helps to identify the flow of resources from official circulation and problem areas in public administration. In addition to determining the amount of money lost from the Treasury, corruption information can indicate problematic areas of Public Administration, for example, the quality of the legislative system, which requires special attention from state and public institutions, the degree of compliance with laws in certain areas, the effectiveness of public policy, etc. By having clear information on corruption, the government will be able to develop more effective policies and regulatory tools to address issues related to the problem of corruption, namely inequality, poverty and isolation in the provision of public services, as well as loopholes in the financing system, tax evasion and bribery. The identification of cases of corruption is a rather difficult process, and before identifying it, it is important to understand the following. Understanding the scale of the problem, that is, how serious and widespread it is; determining in which units of the state system it occurs; knowing its scale and manifestations and developing and developing ways to combat corruption. So, before identifying corruption, it is definitely necessary to pay serious attention to the above situations. Corruption seems understandable to everyone, but this term is often used in an overly general sense. But the process of identifying and accurately evaluating it is difficult. That is, the quantitative assessment of corruption is complex for the following reasons: Firstly, by nature it is a secret agreement, and no party is interested in disclosing it; secondly, the understanding of corruption is not taken equally, that is, the same behavior in different countries can be considered corruption, or vice versa; thirdly, differences in the understanding of corruption can also vary within the same country, depending on the target group; Fourth, criminal cases; fifth, the number of corruption American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 269 | P a g e crimes committed but not declared is unknown. Hence, corruption is faced with the above difficulties in quantifying it. But despite these difficulties, today several important tools have been developed to assess the level of corruption. There are two types of corruption assessment data. These are: 1) statistical data: statistics of the duration of crimes, offenses or administrative proceedings; reports from the media about cases of corruption, specially authorized citizens, officials, non- governmental non-profit organizations, etc. 2) analytical data: visions, opinions and reflections on corruption (citizens, experts, domestic or foreign entrepreneurs, NGOs, etc.). Statistics should not be automatically perceived as a reliable measure of corruption, and analytical data cannot be unreliable. Crime statistics can equally be an indicator of the level of corruption and an indicator of the activities of law enforcement agencies. On the contrary, by interviewing well-educated experts, it is possible to identify very specific indicators of the prevalence, severity and nature of corruption. In this, the means of information collection: * analytical comments; * requests; * interview; * work in focus groups; * combination of sources. Analytical reviews are the primary source for the study of available materials such as reports of corruption outbreaks, assessment studies prepared by scientists, non- governmental and international organizations, the media, etc. However, the quality and coverage of this information is sometimes left to chance and depends on its availability. International and non-governmental organizations systematically assess corruption in many countries. Existing corruption reviews are often used as a source of information for analytical reviews. We list the most popular of them below: Transparency International: • * corruption Acceptance Index (Corruption Perceptions Index – CPI): acceptance of corruption in the public sector; • • world Corruption Barometer (Global Corruption – GCB): adoption and experiences of petty bribery and high-profile corruption; • * Bribery Index (Bribe Payers Index-BPI): probability of bribery for foreign companies (acceptance). • Transparency International publishes an annual corruption acceptance rating in the countries of the world, which is compiled by the organization. World Bank: • * corruption control index (reception); American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 270 | P a g e • * company requests (acceptance and experience). Today, five main methods of measuring the level of corruption are used in the world. Since it is very difficult to get accurate information about corruption in all of them, it has both advantages and disadvantages. Because not all individuals involved in this activity want to accurately reflect the problem in most cases. Among the methods of measurement, the most common is the assessment of the reception of corruption (for example, the corruption Acceptance Index of the Transparency International Organization, the World Bank corruption control index). This method provides for a survey of the country's experts and the public about the state of corruption in the country. At the same time, the disadvantage of this method is that the opinion of the population and experts can be influenced by the media, while the degree and quality of openness of the information they provide varies by country and time. Another common method of measurement is the survey method of assessing corruption (for example, the Transparency International Organization's world Corruption Barometer and World Bank Enterprise Research), which involves conducting a survey between the population and organizations about the experience of solving corruption problems in the country. The disadvantage of the above method is that some respondents are interested in the corruption of state bodies, and, therefore, they may not report cases of corruption. Direct observation of corruption is also used in practice as one of the methods of assessing corruption. For example, in Indonesia, for nine months, researchers accompanied them on regular routes in the form of assistants to truck drivers, and truck drivers recorded the amounts they paid each time they stopped at a police checkpoint. On more than 300 trips, they observed more than 6,000 illegal payments. As a result, the total illegal payments amounted to 13% of all travel expenses. The disadvantage of this method is that it takes a long time and large amounts of financial costs to carry out relevant research. Assessment of corruption by subtraction involves comparing costs with actual costs used, which is usually done by supervisory authorities. The disadvantage of this method is that the employees of the inspection bodies themselves may be inclined to take bribes and hide the appropriated funds. There are also various indirect methods for identifying corruption. That is, cases of corruption are determined using information that is not directly related to corruption. Despite the existence of various methods that they use to measure corruption, experts face serious problems in quantifying the exact costs and consequences of corruption. So, firstly, corruption actions are usually in a hidden way, which makes it difficult to identify and record them; secondly, corruption activities are often not reported, since those who are forced to pay are afraid of revenge or to some extent can take American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 271 | P a g e responsibility for a crime; thirdly, corruption takes various forms: robbery, theft, fraud, incest, bribery, extortion, which, in turn, eliminates the coverage of the practice of corruption with one indicator. By today, Uzbekistan is among the 16 countries that demonstrate long-term positive dynamics in the fight against corruption. According to Transparency International's corruption Acceptance Index, Uzbekistan has been improving its position every year since 2010. In 2019, Uzbekistan was ranked 153th among 180 countries with 25 points, while in 2010 it was ranked 172th with 16 points. In 2021, he took 140 places with 28 points. This means that the reforms carried out under the leadership of our president in recent years have provided an opportunity to eliminate problems in this area. According to the 2016 global Corruption Barometer of Transparency International, only 18% of respondents in Uzbekistan reported bribes, and only 23% of respondents reported corruption as one of the three most serious problems in the country. According to surveys among respondents, it was found that the most corrupt were those in the Traffic Safety Service (17% of respondents admitted bribing them), as well as educational and medical workers (16% of respondents). When asked about what prevents respondents from reporting cases of corruption, 39% of respondents stated that they did not know the answer to this question, while 17% of the majority of participants replied that they were "afraid of negative consequences." So the respondents, who were afraid of negative consequences, noted that I do not touch you, you are doing work in the Tomb of touch me. The Republican Center for the study of public opinion" social thought", according to the results of the study, announced that the level of corruption and bribery in certain areas remains at a high level. For example, according to citizens, in 2018, the health and medical industry was most prone to corruption and bribery – this was noted by 43.7% of respondents. Next was the education sector (39.4%) and the tax sector (12.2%). So, this in turn necessitates the need not only to reduce, but also to lose this vice in society through scientific research and substantiation of ways to eliminate this sphere. According to the results of a survey conducted by this center on the topic "anti- corruption in the mirror of public opinion", in 2018, the health care system, the recruitment process, the system of Higher and public education were identified as the most corrupt areas in Uzbekistan. Next to it were the courts, the prosecutor's office, the Ministry of internal affairs, the tax authorities and the sanitary and epidemiological investigation and control bodies. Hence, at the heart of the large-scale reforms carried out in recent years in these areas, it aims to bartarf corruption cases in these areas. In Uzbekistan, as in other developing countries, the state is not always able to fully provide the entire population with the necessary services, including medical and educational ones. In this regard, there is competition between people for limited places American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 272 | P a g e in hospitals, top schools, institutes, etc., which causes corruption in these institutions. In addition to medical and educational services in Uzbekistan, there is a gap between them and the existing needs of the population in many other areas of Public Utilities. In particular, this applies to the construction of water and gas supply, heat supply, irrigation systems, asphalt roads, bridges, parks and playgrounds. This may indicate that the level of corruption in these structures is higher than in others, since those who were the first to bribe due to improper use of public funds or limited access to such services can serve. The mechanisms for licensing and regulating economic activities allow enterprises to enjoy benefits from officials. As a result, renta can be distributed to state officials, who, in turn, receive payments when they issue a license to create an rent or protect trade. Today there are 355 types of activities in Uzbekistan, for which an appropriate license is required. In addition, 140 types of activities are regulated by permits issued by various government bodies. To eliminate corruption, it is first necessary to develop a strategy that includes step- by-step measures aimed at reducing the excessive intervention of the state in the economy, optimizing the number of workers in public institutions, which subsequently leads to an increase in wages in these organizations. In the future, it is advisable to take effective measures to take an integrated approach to the elimination of corruption in the following areas. Sheep are considered important in this. Selection of qualified personnel:There is a strong relationship between the level of knowledge and corruption. More qualified employees have a lower chance of receiving bribes. In such conditions, a knowledge-based approach to hiring employees can be an effective tool in the fight against corruption. Therefore, it is necessary to develop uniform requirements for applicants entering the Civil Service and introduce a system for conducting open competitive examinations. In South Korea, for example, the government periodically checks and checks civil servants. The exam for obtaining the 5th color title of a civil servant consists of three stages. The first stage is to test the general knowledge of the candidates. The subjects of this stage of the exam are law, history, foreign language, etc. The second stage consists in checking the professional knowledge of candidates. Each professional group requires examination in different subjects, but economics and law are common topics. At the third stage, an interview is held to check the candidate's personal qualities. Employee motivation (salary).Not only economic theory, but practice shows that the level of wages, comparable to the benefits of interference in corruption schemes, is the main deterrent to corruption, not to mention the risk of getting caught. With this in mind, public servants must be offered competitive salaries with the private sector. It is also necessary to introduce a system for assessing the activities of civil servants and a system of remuneration for their labor, depending on the effectiveness of the activities of the senior staff. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 10, Nov., 2022 273 | P a g e Punishment (fines).In conditions of low costs involved in corruption schemes, corruption activity tends to grow. Measures aimed at increasing responsibility for corruption can play a special role in overcoming corruption, since in most cases the costs of corruption exceed the benefits for the employee. Monitoring (audit and detection capability). Кўпгина countries recognize that strengthening the role of audit is essential to combat "bribery" to combat corruption. The International Federation of accountants has published a report entitled "accounting profession and anti-corruption" to discuss the contribution of accountants and auditors to the Global Anti-Corruption Strategy. The Council of Europe Convention on criminal law on corruption calls on countries to adopt national legislation that criminalizes the promise, offer, or excess privileges to any of their public officials. The deliberate misrepresentation of the acts of bribery of officials in accounting and reporting procedures should also be considered such a crime. Technologies (e-government, public control). The full-fledged activities of the" e-government " make it possible to make transparent the majority of Public Procurement, as well as the entire system of relations between the population, entrepreneurship and the state, and significantly reduce bureaucratic paperwork. The latter has a beneficial effect on Business Development. In Singapore, for example, many public services such as issuing passports and birth certificates can be obtained by staying at home and filling out the necessary forms and sending them by e-mail to the relevant authorities. It is common for the government to provide such services online. It should be noted that if someone came to the institution personally for these services, then this person will be fined for arriving at this institution without special need. In conclusion, it can be said that in order to solve these problems, it is required to plan correctly, constantly monitor events, predict results and skillfully manage the system. The consistent implementation of the necessary conditions inevitably leads to a positive result. Corruption as a result of quantitative measurement makes it possible to digitize the industry. Through it, it is possible to reduce corruption. Also, by forecasting corruption, a new science-based situation can be created in reducing corruption. REFERENCES 1. Korruptsiyaga qarshi siyosat. Darslik. G.A. Satarov. - M.: RA "SPAS", 2004 yil –Б. 130 2. Хоппе Т. Разработка и реализация политики противодействия коррупции. Руководство. Страсбург: Изд-во Совета Европы, 2012. –С.156 3. Матибаев Т.Б. Ўзбекистонни ривожлантириш стратегияси. Фуқаролик жамияти: «Коррупция –ижтимоий хавф». Дарслик. – Тошкент. 2019. – Б. 232. 4. Хамидов Б. ЦЭИР//Экономическое обозрение №4 (244). – Ташкент, 2020. 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