American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 288 | P a g e STUDY THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE BASED ON WASTE FIBER **Sandybaeva Zamira Hudayberdievna, ** Osh State University *Murodov Muzaffar Murodovich, *Tashkent Innovative Chemical-Technological Scientific-Research Institute *Siddikov Abdujalol. *Tashkent Innovative Chemical-Technological Scientific-Research Institute ***Siddikov Murodhodja Abdujalol ugli ***EM University Abstract The study examined the physical-chemical, mechanical and structural properties of the local raw material - reed plant and fiber waste from cotton ginning, textile and other industries, the cellular cellulose obtained on the basis of the map. Keywords: reed stalk, poplar cellulose, textile fiber waste, Jerusalem artichoke cellulose, water vapor absorption rate, water resistance index, stabilizer, suffocation, base substance content, cotton lint, polymerization rate, pentosan, alkali sediment, ash content, moisture, concentration , parameter, optimal conditions, destruction. Despite the common features, cellulose differs from another plant polysaccharide - starch. The cellulose molecule is a long, extremely unbranched chain of saccharides. Unlike starch, which consists of α-glucose residues, it includes many β-glucose residues linked together. Cellulose, the most common natural polymer on earth, is a very important object of research, since its scope is expanding every year, and the available reserves, if used rationally, can be inexhaustible. The physicochemical properties of cellulose are due American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 289 | P a g e to the structure of its macromolecules, consisting of D-glucose residues, forming a linear topological structure; numerous hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of macromolecules, the degree of polymerization. As a result of chemical reactions (destruction, reactions of functional groups, cross- linking of chains, intramolecular rearrangements), the structure of biopolymers is modified and they acquire new valuable properties that make it possible to find previously unknown areas of their use. Currently, cellulose materials are actively used to create various nanostructures: nanocrystals, nanofibers, and nanocomposites. Nanocomposites can be completely formed from cellulose (in this case, longer fibers serve as a matrix, and cellulose nanocrystals serve as a filler), can contain nanoparticles of metals and semiconductors, and have an organic matrix of bacterial or chemically modified cellulose. In composite materials, cellulose is also combined with synthetic polymers. The collective monograph outlines the main issues related to the production of modified celluloses and composite materials based on cellulose, the study of the atomic and molecular structure and physicochemical properties of natural and modified cellulose-containing objects. In this study, the physical-chemical, mechanical and structural properties of the cellular cellulose obtained on the basis of fibrous waste from local raw materials - reed plant and cotton ginning, textile and other industries were studied. Below is the capillary porous structure of cellulose obtained from reeds, hemp and cotton lint Sон, SK and a comparative study of the supramolecular (nonmolecular) structure of celluloses. Examination and analysis of cellulose samples were performed by the following methods: moisture absorption, IR-spectroscopic, roentgen, electron and light microscopy. Data on water vapor absorption of cellulose samples of different humidity are given in Table 1 below. From the data in the table, it can be seen that the pill is characterized by the absorption of water vapor in the sample tube with a specific moisture content i.e., wood pulp and cotton lint cellulose have a higher rate of water vapor absorption when compared, or topinambup (Helianthus tuberosus) plant cellulose has a higher hydrophobicity when it is applied to the pulp of top wood. 1-TABLE Absorption of water vapor into cellulose at 25оС Examples Cotton lint cellulose * TKTCh cellulose Hill wood cellulose Cellulose Topinambupa «Fayz-Bapaka» Reed cellulose In moisture, % Degree of Absorption, % 10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,55 20 0,40 0,50 0,90 1,00 1,15 30 0,60 0,60 1,10 1,40 1,40 40 0,70 0,80 1,40 1,70 1,85 50 0,90 1,00 1,50 3,00 3,15 60 1,30 1,40 2,00 6,60 7,60 70 2,00 2,20 3,40 8,10 8,65 80 2,40 2,90 3,60 9,00 9,40 90 3,70 4,60 8,80 9,50 10,20 100 8,00 8,40 9,10 9,90 10,60 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 290 | P a g e .TKTCH - Fiber waste from the textile industry ٭ Reed cellulose is much higher than topinambup (Helianthus tuberosus) cellulose. From this multiplication, it can be concluded that reed-based cellulose is distinguished by its high peak ability. The capillary porosity of the cellulose sample is given in the table below. It can be seen from the table that the relative sieve area and relative absorbency of cotton lint cellulose TKTCh are relatively high when compared to other cellulose samples, while the Sуд Index of cellulose samples obtained from lumber is higher than topinambup (Helianthus tuberosus) cellulose Sуд. The bulk of reed plant cellulose is higher than that of TKTCH and topsoil cellulose, and the radius of capillary flap is 105- 112 A0. 2-TABLE Characteristics of capillary porosity of cellulose samples Examples Cotton lint cellulose * TKTCh cellulose Hill wood cellulose Cellulose Topinambupa «Fayz-Bapaka» Reed cellulose Xm, g / g 0,0143 0,0137 0,0127 0,0098 0,0032 Relative surface, Ssalt, ٭m2/g 49,876 47,790 44,010 25,080 17,402 Total pore size, ,Wo٭ 3ms /g, 0,095 0,089 0,072 0,235 0,071 capillary radius Rк, А0 38,8 49,2 76,1 105 148 * TKTCH - Fiber waste from the textile industry It can be seen from the table that the relative silt surface and relative absorbency of cotton lint cellulose TKTCH are relatively high when compared to other cellulose samples, the Ssalt index of cellulose samples obtained from timber is higher than topinambup (Helianthus tuberosus) cellulose Ssalt. The multiplicity of reed plant cellulose is TKTCh and the radius of the capillary valve is 105-112 A0, which is higher than that of the top cellulose. As can be seen from the table, the index of SK and Sон differs slightly in the composition of topinambup (Helianthus tuberosus) and poplar stalks, because in addition to cellulose there are other amopf compounds in the composition of stems and stockings. After ripening and leaching, i.e. the removal of the endophytic compounds from the tube other than the cellulose, the indexing in the Sон and SK index sharply. According to the table, the cellulose in the cellulose is higher than that of the reed plant in the pulp of the tree, as well as in the pulp of the other objects. It is also possible to observe an area where the intensity is reduced or the spectacle is lost. The data obtained from the analysis of the spectrograms and X-ray diffraction patterns to determine the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 291 | P a g e comparative coefficients of the Sон and SK samples are given in Table 3.9. 3-TABLE The difference between Sон and SK of the sample under study Examples Sон, сm2 SК, % Cellulose Topinambupa «Fayz-Bapaka» 32 37 Reed cellulose 20 22 Cellulose Topinambupa «Fayz-Bapaka» after ripening and watering 71 70 Reed cellulose after ripening and watering 74 72 Hill wood trail 31 34 Hill wood cellulose 67 55 Based on the analysis of the above results, it can be concluded that the absorption of reed cellulose into the water when covered with tapinambup and topak cellulose is very sensitive. The loss of the crystalline component of cotton lint cellulose is characterized by a low water absorption rate when compared with topinambup (Helianthus tuberosus) and hemp cellulose [1-15]. Below is a table comparing the quality of cellulose obtained on the basis of cotton lint to the requirements of GOST (state standard) 95-79 then it is possible to observe that in the course of this scientific research the object intended for chemical processing - cotton lint cellulose - meets the requirements of the normative quality coefficient. The following comparison was made in accordance with the requirements of GOST (state standard) 11960-79 (K59 group), i.e. compliance with the requirements for annual plants for fibrous raw materials and pulp and paper industry. The method given in GOST (state standard) 11960-79 was used to determine the amount of lignin in the cane. During the study of the reed object, the amount of ash in the mass was determined using the method specified in GOST (state standard) 18461-73. The following table shows that the requirements of GOST (state standard) 11960-79 and GOST 18461-73 correspond to the coefficients [29-38]. As a result of the test, the average apiphmetic value of the results of the two papal detection rounds, rounded up to 0.1%, was obtained. The aim is to determine the amount of lignin and ash in the local raw material reed bed, natural polymep synthesis shapoitlapi from its discovery, how to control the parameters, has made it possible to make a delicate mathematical modeling that includes factors such as reducing the sap of the chemical reagents to be sapped. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 292 | P a g e REFERENCES [1] M.M. 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