American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 424 | P a g e IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ON ECONOMIC SECURITY Bahodirov Zokirjon Tashkent Institute of Finance, Student of Faculty “Economy”, ABSTRACT This article provides information on the impact of various environmental problems on economic security, environmental security and environmental threats, including green economy, principles of green economy, and solutions to environmental problems and countermeasures in the Republic of Uzbekistan. and offers are made. Keywords:Environmental problems, environmental threats, economic security, green economy, principles of green economy, healthy planet, sustainable consumption and production, ecology, environmental destruction, demographic explosion INTRODUCTION The economy is part of the natural environment. It transforms the various resources it receives from this environment into the products and raw materials needed by people, as well as returning the waste generated to the environment. At this point, those who are dependent on nature themselves are also part of the natural environment. Presidential decree (PD. 4477, 04.10.2019.) with the strategy of the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a "green" economy in the period of 2019-2030 was approved. The main objective of the strategy is to achieve a solid economic development that allows the structural reforms carried out in the country to develop socially, reduce the level of greenhouse gas allocations, and stability of climate and ecology through the integration of the principles of the "green" economy. In order to implement the measures of transition to a" green " economy, environmental safety must first be ensured. Due to the relevance and extreme necessity of the environmental safety personality Society for today and for the next, the most important problems are included in the sentence. These problems, if solved in a practical way, in many ways provide an opportunity to determine the condition and quality of life of the current and next generation. The amount of costs incurred to seal the natural environment is relatively small compared to the costs incurred to damage it and restore it. Therefore, American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 425 | P a g e knowing in advance dangerous situations, taking appropriate measures is one of the main tasks of Ecology. As a result of the extensive development of Central Asian agriculture, the irregular use of land and water, the Aral Sea began to dry up. The ecological system of the lands located close to it, the animal and plant world were in a deep crisis. One hundred thousand hectares of land of the region are picturesque, and part of it by salinity is occupied by disease-causing pests and infected plants. Salts fly from the lands of the drained parts of the island, they accumulate in the regions where the wind power begins to fade, causing increased mineralization of rainwater, salinity of the lands, accelerating the melting of glaciers in the mountains. According to the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, salts rising from the Aral Sea are falling into permanent glaciers in the southeastern mountains of the Republic and accelerate their melting process. It is affecting the process of desertification and land failure. The above information creates a very high level of all-round danger for the population living in the island pool, for its survival, for its economy. Because even a decrease in the yield of agricultural crops in strongly saline lands by up to 100 percent was determined in science. The data shown all in general seem to be preparing the reasons for the origin of global disasters. Our President Sh.Mirziyoyev noted: "it is necessary to dramatically increase the level of regional cooperation in issues of water conservation, management and rational use of cross-border Water Resources. We must create all the necessary conditions for the development of mechanisms of mutually acceptable cooperation on the use of Water Resources in the territory of the Aral Sea.” [1] ANALYSIS AND RESULTS The concept of green economy and its principles. "Green economy" is a direction of economic science that appeared at the end of the 20th century, within the framework of which it is argued that the economy is a component of the natural environment that depends on it and is part of it. The concept of” green economy " is found in such economic disciplines as resource-oriented economics, environmental economics, environmental economics. "Green economy" is a direction of economic science that simultaneously ensures the development of the biosphere and civilization. The "green economy" evaluates the impact of new technologies and innovations before they are produced and launched, seeking to find the least damaging solutions that have the greatest positive benefits for the environment and people. The accelerating industrialization and the increase in population significantly increase the economy's need for resources, and also increase the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment and lead to an increase in greenhouse gas allocations. The low level of energy efficiency of the economy, the inappropriate use of Natural Resources, the slow pace of technology renewal, insufficient participation of small businesses in American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 426 | P a g e the introduction of innovative solutions for the development of the "green economy" prevent the country from achieving priority national goals and objectives in the field of sustainable development. People need air, drinking water, food suitable for breathing. And the development of these goes back to the effectiveness of ecosystems (any space is a type of ecosystem placed in a natural general ecosystem). Thus, the economy must continue to develop without subverting the natural environment, as long as it can generate a tremendous destruction. Based on a similar fundamental principle, the theorists of the “green” economy insist that they should not run after economic growth and that people should limit the constant upward-growing demands they have. Because, in conditions of resource scarcity, there is no way to fully satisfy them. Such radicalism may seem out of place, but it will not become an obstacle to the practical application of the principles of the “green economy” in separately taken Economic Policy. Figure 1. Basic principles of Green economy. 1. The principle of stability. The "green economy" depends on a healthy environment. Such an economy covers all areas of sustainable development (environmental, social and economic) and develops mixed strategies that allow you to achieve the best results in all three areas. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 427 | P a g e 2. The principle of fairness. The "green economy" is in favor of equality between countries, generations. It promotes human rights and cultural diversity, respect for gender equality and recognizes the knowledge, skills, experience and contributions of each person. 3. The principle of value. The "green economy" reduces poverty. It provides a high level of human development in all countries, provides access to all the basic services of food security and health, education, sanitation, water, energy and other basic services. 4. The principle of a healthy planet. The "green economy" restores lost biodiversity, makes investments in natural systems. Such an economy does not violate environmental boundaries and does not go beyond it, including the obligation to reduce pollution, protect ecosystems, ensure the integrity of biodiversity and other natural resources, and ensure the efficient and rational use of natural resources, including water, natural gas and mineral Resources. Also, this principle helps to create a balance between environmental and social relations. 5. The principle of sustainable consumption and production. With rational and fair use of resources, sustainable production and consumption must be introduced. It also expresses the need to reduce and eliminate unstable forms of production and consumption, that is, reuse recycled materials, recognize the scarcity of land resources and take appropriate measures. 6. The principle of fair passage. For Sustainable Development, the transition to a low- carbon green economy requires costs. During the transition period, some states and entities may be able to cover these costs better than others because they have greater resistance to such transition periods. In the process of change, it is necessary to support and protect the most vulnerable, developing countries must have appropriate financial and technical support. Citizens and communities must have access to new skills and jobs. 7. The principle of internalization of external influences. The creation of true social and environmental values should be the main goal of politics. To this end, market prices must reflect real social and environmental costs and benefits for pollutants to cover pollution costs. 8. The principle of equal distribution of wealth. Promoting a fair distribution of wealth between states and states involves reducing inequalities between the rich and the poor and seeking social and economic justice within the framework of a stable and fair share of global resources, leaving enough space for wildlife. Environmental safety and environmental threats. The protection of the natural environment, the rational use of its capabilities have become one of the most pressing problems of modern times. In order to satisfy people's demand for consumer goods, digging underground mines and using artesian waters, expanding agricultural lands, cities and villages, and American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 428 | P a g e building various industrial enterprises have an indirect negative impact on the natural environment. If you do not anticipate this effect, apply appropriate measures, reduce their negative consequences, and increase their benefits, the living part of nature begins to die. Scientific and technical progress has changed the world we live in beyond recognition. In order to protect the natural environment, it is necessary to implement the necessary measures for the development of the national economy, without denying any impact of man on nature, only through methods that reduce its negative consequences. "Ecology" is a Greek word meaning the science of habitat and environment. This word has been used for a long time, mainly in the field of biology. At the present time, its dictionary meaning is expanding, and it is entering natural, technical and even social sciences. The science of "Ecology" is extremely multidisciplinary, for example, bioecology, hydrometeozocology, industrial ecology, etc. It is difficult for only one specialist to master all branches of ecology. Current ecology should not be limited to the study of the relations between living organisms or the relations between organisms or the laws specific to systems higher than organisms, but should justify the most optimal solutions for the relations between nature and society. Therefore, it is appropriate for them to learn and work according to their respective directions of ecology. The term security is the degree to which a person is protected from risks. Ecological destruction threatens to become unavoidable, according to estimates made in some regions. But it is necessary to reduce its spread, stop the intensity of man- made and socio-cultural consequences. For this, specialists in various fields should increase their environmental knowledge and take measures to avoid harming the natural environment with their planned work. One of the main causes of negative environmental consequences is the violation of the principles of using land, water, and mineral raw materials. There is no doubt that the 21st century will be a turning point in the history of human development. It is necessary to preserve the living conditions in the biosphere, which is the living environment of mankind, taking into account the needs of future generations. For this, unprecedented efforts are required. Protecting the environment from pollution, providing the population with drinking water, ecologically clean food products, preserving biological diversity, preventing climate changes, rational use of natural resources are considered urgent problems, and their positive solution determines the future development of mankind. At the present time, as a result of rapid growth of production forces in the society, excessive use and exploitation of nature, the ecological balance is disturbed and ecological tension is arising. Ecological tensions in turn escalate and cause ecological disasters in some regions of our planet. The ever-increasing environmental tension creates environmental problems. If ecological problems are not solved in time, they will bring the risk of ecological destruction to a certain area. The escalation of these processes may later cost the world community. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 429 | P a g e That is, the natural processes and environment on the earth will change radically, and the possibility of living on the earth will decrease. Ecological threat (problem) means the negative impact of nature on humanity in connection with human impact on nature. In other words, it is necessary to understand the occurrence of events and processes that have a negative effect on people by nature as a result of damage caused by the human factor to the occurrence of natural processes or natural processes in nature, as well as bringing this process to an irreversible level. These processes are a violation of the balance between the earth and people. As the scale of this phenomenon increases, the possibility of living and living decreases. In addition, there is also the concept of ecological crisis. Ecological crisis means a state of tension of relations as a result of the increase of human influence on the environment. The ecological crisis is a consequence of the crisis of humanity. The "pollution" of the social environment with the malicious, envious, unhealthy thoughts of some people is even more dangerous than the pollution of the natural environment with chemical compounds!" In general, concepts such as environmental threats, problems, and crises are close to each other, and all of them reflect the negative aspect of human-nature relations. Only they are distinct as separate concepts and different from each other in terms of consequences. The history of human development consists of adaptation to natural conditions, discovery of new lands, discovery and exploitation of natural resources. By the 21st century, the improvement of living conditions, the scientific and technical revolution, and the sharp increase in the number of the population led to a "demographic explosion". As a result of the increase in the number of the population and the increase in the impact on nature, local, regional, and global environmental problems have arisen. Nuclear energy began to be widely used, the stability of the life shell of our planet - the biosphere was seriously damaged, the area of forests decreased, desertification, a sharp decrease in the number of species, and severe pollution of the environment intensified. Today there are some groups of universal problems, the solution of which can be decisive for drawing a clear picture of the social life of our entire planet in the next millennium. Such problems are conditionally divided into three groups: First, there are conflicting relations between existing social forces (between socio- economic systems, regional conflicts, states, national and religious conflicts, etc.), which are conditionally considered "intersocial" problems. They cover war and peace, the level of utilization of labor resources, and so on. Secondly, there are problems related to the relationship between "Man and society", including scientific and technical development (STD); education and culture; issues such as rapid population growth ("Demographic explosion", protection of people's health, adaptation of the human body to the rapidly changing social environment) and the future of humanity can be included. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 430 | P a g e Thirdly, "human-nature" relations include problems such as saving raw resources, providing the population with food and drinking water, and protecting nature. These problems arise under the influence of social factors, and in solving them, one can understand the essence of the problem only by correctly understanding the role and importance of social factors. Similarly, in the solution of purely social global problems, one should not forget that natural factors are directly connected to this process. Currently, there are two different approaches to the study and solution of existing environmental problems. In the technocentric approach, technological measures to solve environmental problems are considered the main ones, and the possibilities and laws of nature are not taken into account enough. Technological power plays a decisive role in the use of natural resources. It is emphasized that it is possible to restore the stability of the biosphere and solve environmental problems with the help of technical capabilities. This approach is considered the main one for most economists, politicians and business leaders. In the ecocentric approach, taking into account the laws of nature, preserving existing natural ecosystems in their original state is considered a priority. It is considered that the deterioration of the existing resources in the biosphere cannot be restored with the help of technical solutions. The development of mankind is limited by the ecological imperative, the demand to obey the laws of nature. Environmental threats are also known by their name, but they differ from each other in terms of their impact on humanity, the damage they cause and can cause. Because some of them occupy the whole world, some occupy very large areas, and some cover very small and limited areas. The classification of environmental threats (problems) is as follows: Figure 2. Classification of environmental hazards. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 431 | P a g e In addition, there are other environmental problems, such as problems arising in different regions, if they are not solved now, they can turn into global problems and pose a danger to humanity. The existence of such problems in front of humanity shows that the human civilization is going through a very complex, very volatile process. Water problem. The year-by-year increase in the world's population is creating new, never-before-seen problems. Another such urgent problem is drinking water. Looking at the surface of the matter, the water on our planet seems to be countless and limitless. If all the water reserves in the world are 1,500 million cubic km. Environmental problems in our planet The process of desertification and salinization The use of raw resources and the problem of ecological balance Reduction of forest area Water problems American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 432 | P a g e Figure 3. Problems in our planet. As you can see, the issue of drinking water, in other words, fresh water, is on the agenda as one of the most serious problems in the world. "The planet's fresh water reserves are decreasing catastrophically. According to UN data, 1.3 billion people of the world live without access to quality drinking water. Now 20 percent of the city population and 75 percent of the rural population are meeting their water needs, it should also be said that water consumption is from 3 to 7 liters per person per day, depending on the region and the level of living. Humans consume more than 5 percent of the world's fresh water per year for economic needs. But in addition, 40 percent of it becomes unfit for consumption as a result of pollution. The problem of using raw materials and maintaining ecological balance. According to the data provided by the World Statistical Information Centers, 45% of the coal, 57% of the iron ore, 76% of the oil, and 80% of the natural gas produced from the beginning of the 21st century will be produced in the next 25 years. The same can be said about other types of raw materials. According to the analysis, the amount of raw materials produced in the 90s increased by 1.5-2 times compared to the 60s and 70s. On the one hand, such a situation on earth causes a number of other problems, such as the possibility of providing humanity with raw materials, the decrease of fertile land and sources of drinking water, as well as the decrease of other raw material reserves. The created ecological situation does not remain unaffected by the natural environment on the human organism and its production activities. On the other hand, on the basis of the scale of scientific and technical development, the problem of providing the level of 94% 5% 1… Percentage of total water content Ocean and seas Groundwater and glaciers Drinking water American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 433 | P a g e socio-economic development with raw resources and minerals should not be overlooked. In order to solve this problem positively, according to the analysis of economists, it is necessary for each of the countries of the world to allocate funds in the amount of 3-5% of the gross national product produced by it. Therefore, it is required to allocate funds in the amount of 650-850 billion dollars annually. In many developed countries, difficulties arise due to the shortage of drinking water. From these countries, 42-45% of cubic km of dirty waste water from industry pollutes reservoirs, lakes, seas, and oceans with its toxic content. By the beginning of the 21st century, the demand for clean drinking water has increased by 2.3-2.5 times compared to the 90s of our century. Measures to ensure environmental safety and form a green economy in Uzbekistan. Decision No. PQ-4477 "On approving the strategy of the transition to the "green" economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period 2019-2030" adopted by President Sh. Mirziyoyev on October 4, 2019. The main goal of this strategy is to achieve sustainable economic development that allows for social development, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and climate and ecological stability by integrating the principles of "green" economy into the structural reforms implemented in the country. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform the following tasks: • increasing energy efficiency of the economy and rational use of natural resources through technological modernization and development of financial mechanisms; • inclusion of "green" criteria based on advanced international standards in the priorities of state investments and expenditures; • taking measures to mitigate the negative impact of the environmental crisis on the island; • establishing rational use of resources; • ensuring the investment attractiveness of measures of effective use of resources; • ensuring the priority of using "green" means and approaches to achieve the goals of socio-economic development, etc. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, great attention is paid to the issue of environmental safety. The following laws have been adopted in order to ensure environmental safety in our republic: • Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Ecological Expertise" (O'RQ-73-II-No.), 25.05.2000. • Law "On Protected Natural Areas" (No. O'RQ-710-II), December 3, 2004. • Law "On Environmental Control" (ORQ-363), 27.12.2013. • Law "On protection and use of flora" (new version) (ORQ-409), 21.09.2016. • Law "On the protection and use of the animal world" (new version) (ORQ-408), 19.09.2016 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 434 | P a g e • Based on the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 273 dated August 23, 2016, the program "Environmental monitoring in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2016- 2020" was adopted. To implement measures to prevent environmental risks, it is necessary to perform the following tasks: • step by step reduction of pollution of air environment, water and land resources due to introduction of environmentally friendly technologies in production and improvement of technological processes; • improvement of the environment monitoring mechanism for regular assessment of the environment and forecasting of its socio-ecological condition; • providing the population with clean drinking water and improving sewage systems and treatment facilities in large cities and settlements; • development of scientific and technical potential in the field of natural environment protection and use of scientific and technical achievements; • development and expansion of networks of protected natural areas; • improvement of nature protection legislation and normative-methodical framework in the field of environmental protection, environmental education and education for the purposes of sustainable development, as well as promotion of ecological knowledge. In our country, a consistent policy is implemented in the field of ensuring environmental protection, rational use of natural resources, as well as improving the sanitary and ecological conditions of the regions. In particular, in 2017-2018, large-scale works were carried out to improve the infrastructure of the system for the implementation of work related to solid household waste, 13 sanitary state unitary enterprises and their 172 branches in districts and cities, as well as work related to 9 household waste complex implementation clusters were established. The measures taken made it possible to cover almost half of the population with sanitary cleaning services. At the same time, the insufficient provision of services for the collection and removal of solid household waste in rural settlements, the unsatisfactory condition of the infrastructure in the field of the implementation of work related to solid household waste, the non-compliance of existing solid waste landfills with sanitary requirements and environmental standards are complex measures in this area requires the adoption of measures. The tragedy of the Aral Sea is one of the biggest global environmental disasters, causing various environmental problems depending on its nature and scale. That is why the countries of Central Asia, which are directly experiencing the negative consequences of the decline of the Aral Sea, first of all, Uzbekistan, have been calling on the world community to save this increasingly dry sea, stabilize the ecological American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 435 | P a g e situation in the region and, most importantly, improve the lives of the people living here. Today, it remains an urgent task to alleviate the problems of restoration of the Aral Bay region, to preserve the population's health and gene pool, to restore and protect ecosystems, and to create all the necessary conditions for the population to live a decent life. In October 2019, a conference was held in the city of Urganch on the topic "Development of cooperation on mitigating the consequences of environmental disasters in the Aral Sea region". The main goal of the conference is to mobilize funds and efforts of the international community for the implementation of programs and projects aimed at improving the ecological and socio-economic situation in the Aral Sea region, as well as to further develop international cooperation to reduce the negative consequences of environmental disasters. To improve the standard and quality of life of the population on the island, to develop residential, social and transport-communication infrastructure, to build modern houses, general education schools and vocational colleges, medical centers in rural areas, to build highways and special attention is paid to reconstruction. Programs to improve land reclamation are being implemented. Conclusion In the 21st century, the human race has been caught in the trap of such problems that whether or not to escape from their torment has become the most pressing issue of today. As people's attachment to nature grows stronger, as a result of disruption of the natural balance, people's way of life, health, and social environment are becoming more and more disastrous. Humanity can get rid of such a dangerous situation only by postponing any political, regional, racial, national, religious and other interests, joining together around common universal interests, and taking immediate effective measures. Universal problems that threaten humanity today mean problems that cannot be solved without the participation of the whole world, all countries and peoples. Such problems are: • End poverty and hunger on earth; further activation of international cooperation for the use of scientific and technical achievements for the happiness of mankind; • Fight against the most dangerous diseases; • More productive use of world ocean resources and opportunities; • Increasing temperature on the earth; • Impact of dust on the environment; • Increase in waste; • the problem of the Aral Sea; • Increasing freshwater problem; • Rapid development of soil erosion; American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 11, Dec., 2022 436 | P a g e • The expansion of the Azon hole; • The problem of using raw resources and maintaining ecological balance; • Ecological problems, environmental protection; • The food problem is the sharp decrease in the possibilities of providing the population of the earth with material benefits at an optimal level, etc. One of the main reasons for the consequences of negative changes in ecology is the violation of the principles of using land, water, and mineral raw materials. It is these violated principles that did not create favorable conditions for the national economy to follow a less efficient-extensive path, prevented the widespread introduction of resource-saving techniques and technologies, and also led to the non-ecological approach of carrying out the plan while harming the environment. released. Thus, in order to prevent possible environmental disasters, it is necessary to drastically reduce (saving) the use of natural resources, stop the growth of industrial production, take drastic measures to prevent pollution of the external environment, food -viewing food production activities, etc. Calculations show that the above measures should be implemented immediately in order to maintain economic conditions in the 21st century, otherwise it will be too late and the problems will deepen. References 1. Decision PQ-4477 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 4, 2019 "On approval of the strategy of the transition to the "green" economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period 2019-2030". 2. Annex to the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 142 (on the program of actions on environmental protection in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2013-2017) May 27, 2013. 3. The speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the meeting of the heads of the founding countries of the International Fund for Saving the Island, held in the city of Turkmanbashi, Turkmenistan, on August 25, 2018 4. S. Gazinazarova, I. Akhmedov, B. Mukhamedgaliyev, A. Khojiyev. Environmental safety. Study guide., T.: 2013. 5. Nigmatov A., Pardayev G'. Environmental security and sustainable development. - T.: "TDYI". 2005. 5. Toraev V.A. Threats of globalization to humanity // "World literature", T.: 2013. 6. Rita Floyd and Richard Mathew "Ecological Security (Approaches and issues)" 2013. 7. Newton, Adrian and Cantarello "An Introduction to The Green Economy" 2014. 8. http://www.uznature.uz - the official information site of the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 9. http://www.lex.uz - National database of legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 10. https://www.kun.uz