American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 30 | P a g e THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF GENDER AND THE SOCIO - PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF ITS BEATING Saida Agzamkhodzhayeva Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Gulnaza Aminova 2nd Year Master's Degree in Social Humanities Teaching Methodology Annotation The socio-historical prerequisites for the emergence of the idea of gender equality in Makola emphasize that the issue of women is inextricably linked with society, social relations, Nations, states, culture and civilisations. The development of the concept of gender is also associated with the transition of socio-historical processes from one stage to another, therefore, the idea is based on the fact that the concept of gender does not represent only women's interests gender-a social aspect of relations between women and men, manifested in all spheres of life and activity of society, including politics, Keywords: gender paradigm, biologii Djins, trend, feminism, Liberal, radical feminism. The future of the nation is in the hands of mothers. Honore de Balzac give us good mothers, we will grow up to be good people. Jean Paul Pahlavon how much if you land, every time it is better to wound the war. Saadi Sheroziy today, the gender paradigm is one of the most important components of social life. Gender directly affects existing culture, social relations. The 21st century took a turn in assessing the position of women in society, their role and mission, strengthened the position of a woman as an active participant in the life of society, along with the fundamental foundations of marriage and family social institutions, such as the successor of the family, The Guardian of the family hearth, the function of a historically Today, the international community promotes the principle of gender equality between men and women in human societies, which make up 50% of women. Along with the theory of the division of power and universal suffrage, gender parity is one of the basic principles of modern democracy. The Gender paradigm appeared in the West in the sixties of the last century. She went through certain stages of the movement and formation of women with a long history of Social Development. The processes taking place in the modern world associated with post-globalization, the desire to revise the system of spiritual and moral values, the Industrial Revolution and the exchange of information at a high pace require American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 31 | P a g e progressive approaches to the organization of the life of society. The urgent problem of organizing the life of society on the principles of social justice, which serves the development of political-legal, socio-economic, interpersonal relations in modern society and is widely used in all forms of the social system - family, economy, labor market, state administrative practice, is gender equality. Gender (visual. gender, lot. genus" breed, gender, origin") - refers to social characteristics related to gender, in contrast to the concept of biological sex. Biological gender (sexual identity) as a fundamental aspect of human nature refers to the following specific characteristics of gender that distinguish a man and a woman: - genetic (male, female chromosomes); - hormonal (sex hormone, estrogen, androgen); - somatic (posture structure); - gonadal (reproductive activity); - physiological (processes occurring in the male and female organism). We are defined as male or female at birth, and this becomes a socio-legal reality throughout life. Gender is a socio-cultural construct that determines the position of men and women in society, depending on the gender of social roles the set of aspects are models of behavior expected by society from a man or a woman . The concept of Gender is used to describe the roles of men and women in social life, characteristics of relationships, norms adopted in society. Gender varies by cultures and can change over time. Gender is a sociocultural construct of gender. Gender is a system of thinking, behavioral characteristics, lifestyle norms and values acquired in the socialization process of men and women, modeled by society and supported by social institutions. Gender is primarily determined by the social, political, economic and cultural context, and also embodies perceptions of women and men depending on gender . Biological gender and social gender differentiation was analyzed in 1935 by American anthropologist Margaret Mid (Margaret Mead), who studied adolescent socialization in the Polynesian islands. The concept of Gender began to be used as a term after his report by the American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, sociologist Robert Stoller (Robert Stoller) on the study of problems such as personality socialization, social gender, gender self-awareness, gender identity, at the Congress of psychoanalysts in Stockholm. Robert Stoller was the first to distinguish between the concepts of biological sex and sociocultural gender. The development trend, scientific-cognitive, socio-philosophical thinking of Western and Eastern civilization reflected the problems of gender equality for men and women who have undergone a long historical transformation. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 32 | P a g e The ancient Greek philosopher, whose gender problematics caused heated debate from the earliest times, went through the following historical evolutions, from the ideas that nature, outlined in the works of Antifont, created everyone equally: - emergence of equality theories; - suffrage; - The struggle for the equality of citizens during the French Revolution; - modern development of the theory of equality of possibilities; - feminism, Liberal, radical feminism; - theory of social socialization; - the problem of differences between men and women; - Robert Connell's theory of male superiority; - gender psychology, jurisprudence, gender problem in medicine; - fight for women's rights, etc. The Greek philosopher, mathematician Pythagoras argues in his scientific views that a woman and a man were created equal. Such ideas are also found in the teachings of Socrates. Socrates was sentenced to death on charges of poisoning the minds of young people with his ideas about freedom and freedom of the individual, the right of Man and citizens. Plato, the father of philosophy, also advocated these views in the work "the ideal state", demonstrating his loyalty to the ideas of his great comrades. Platon concludes that the difference between male and female nature is relative and applies only to the reproductive sphere. A woman can choose professions at her discretion: music, philosophy or other professions, including military ones. In Platon's work, "can a woman be considered capable of performing this difficult and responsible task? Can the female part of humanity participate in all matters along with men?" he throws the questions to the middle. Platon reveals the social roots of the problem by describing this fact regarding the place of women in society, doomed to "cook soup" and "do nannies" as a result of the strong and long-term influence of tradition, traditions in his time. The great philosopher emphasizes the need to change the approach to the upbringing and education of women, so that artificially formed asymmetry opens the way for the full development of not only men, but all members of society . A major representative of the Christian doctrine, Foma Aquinas, believed that the main reason for the creation of a woman by God is that she should help men, and this help is expressed in bringing offspring into the world and in household affairs . German psychologist, sociologist, co-founder of neofreydism, representative of humanistic psychoanalysis Erich Zeligmann Fromm in his work "man and woman" two genders in the analysis of the nature and characteristics of its representatives, the problem of gender equality comes to the following conclusions: "equality means identity. The requirement of equality is polar in nature: despite all the differences, no one should use each other as a means to achieve their goal, since each person is a goal for himself. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 33 | P a g e And this means that each person, as a representative of his type and nationality, must have the freedom to develop their individual characteristics, originality. Equality does not imply denial of differences, but the possibility of their full implementation1. The first life experience of each person is communication with his mother. Renowned psychologist, sociologist Carl Jung wrote: "the mother's archetype is the most holistic for the child. This archetype unconsciously retains its strength, unity throughout life. Not every culture shows gender neutrality. The concept of Gender is embedded in culture, in other words, culture is a set of values and norms, attitudes and stereotypes, a system of behavior and social interactions included in social composition, determined by gender. Historically, manifestations of oppression of women were at different times. The Arabian Peninsula was dominated by such cruel habits of the era of ignorance as burying girls alive. In India, there was also , a woman deprived of her husband, who was doomed to burn in alive. In ancient China, the birth of a girl was considered a disaster. The Roman lawyer Papian wrote about the position of women in society as follows: "according to the general rules of our legislation, the position of women is worse than that of men" (Digests). Although free, the woman still did not have civil "freedoms". For example, he cannot serve in the Army, vote at meetings, be elected to public office, be a judge or prosecutor, have no right to conduct a trial as a lawyer of any third party. “The author of the work" democracy in America", the French humanist and philosopher of the 19th century Alexis de Tocqueville, thinks about this issue: "some argue that a man and a woman are not only equal, but holistic. They not only give a man and a woman equal rights, but also impose homogeneous obligations on them. They want a man and a woman to think uniformly, to work. It does not lead to good, it causes the crisis of Man and woman as gender, it makes weak men and strong women appear" . The great German poet Johann Goethe writes in his famous "This Is The Office of the East" about showing mercy to women: do not oppress women, do not be stony, they were wounded by Crooked ribs after all. Allah has created them so that you may try to correct them. If you put it in your own way it will be worse, son of man, think of yourself which one is better? Have mercy, fight against you. Not good if it breaks one rib. . German thinker Wilhelm von Humboldt has a valuable opinion that "the spiritual progress of every nation is determined by its attitude towards a woman . In Oriental values, a woman has always been glorified as a friend to a man, a guide, a wise, kind, a guide to family peace. In Oriental thought, the position of women in society in the Turkic peoples was very high. Arab historian ibn Battuta gives: "Turkish khakans write" at the behest of the Sultan and his wife"when signing." From the ancient visions of the Turks, such phrases as Eve, Eve, Eve, often testify in our history to the divine 1 Эрих Фромм. Мужчина и женщина. ISBN: 5-237-00060-6. АКТ. 1998. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 34 | P a g e attitude towards a woman - the creator. In his views, Abu Rayhon Beruni attached particular importance to the fact that the family was directly in the hands of wise, intelligent, intelligent, well-mannered women. In his work "minerology", he notes that peace and harmony in the family, happiness fall on the majority of women, bringing parental admonitions to the kizlar who are building a family, and writes: "Oh my daughter! You are leaving your house where you have learned and falling into an unfamiliar apartment. You do not know all the feelings of your future son-in-law. Be Thou the Earth, and it will be heaven. This means that you behave with him in such a way that if you are as humble as the Earth in front of him, he will be as noble as heaven. As the heaven has bruised the earth with its healing rain, so he has mercy on you. will entertain. Let your husband hear from you only gentle and sweet words, do not sit in front of him in a naughty or old dress or with no strings attached to your faces, and your hair is not regulated." Abu Ali ibn Sina's views on issues of family relations are also noteworthy. In her work" the event " it is emphasized that women should have the following characteristics: - let them be educated; - let them be faithful; - let them be shy, shame-fantasy; - Let Them Be Brave by nature; - let them love their husband hard; - let them think about childbirth and raising children; - let them not be talkative; - let them obey their husband; - be true, humble and intelligent; - never stutter on his own reputation; - be careful with her husband, putting his respect in place, is obliged to be polite; - know his duty and duty well; - let the wife know how to use things in the family economy correctly, with savings; - let her lose flaws in her husband by her nature and good sides. Islamic teachings glorify female honor. In the Quran there is a separate Surah "Niso"(women) about women. The wealth of the universe Muhammad (s.a.v."Paradise is under the feet of mothers." In Islamic law, the requirement of knowledge in the word of Allah Ta'ala belongs to the male and female Muslims. "The demand for knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim." Women are revered in Islam. Alloma Muhammad Ghazali emphasizes that" in the century of bliss, Sahabia women would ride camels (now cars), participate in the ghazals, call the Messenger to the guest, he would serve the breed." Islam places men who have a good attitude towards their women among the best of men. It is said in the hadith, "the best among you is that you have a good attitude towards the women of your people." Islam showed attention and care to a woman, increased her social level, confirmed that the creation of a woman and a man is the same, and therefore men and women are equal before God. Islam raised the woman to a level that was not raised in any culture. He forbade such a cruel habit of the period of ignorance as burying girls alive, protecting a woman's right to life and treating her well encouraged to be. Islam gave the girl the right to Education, confirmed her right to property, gave the right to sell, buy, rent and rent, draw up and issue a power of attorney. In the sermon of Vado, the universe of hosts said: "O men! Observe the wives ' rights. Treat them with compassion, kindness. See God for their truth. Wives are American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 35 | P a g e God's trust in you. You gave them a word in the name of Allah, and their command was lawful to you with the divine. Just as you have rights over wives, wives have the right to you. They said," what you have in your wives is that they will not trample on the honor of their family to anyone you dislike." The process of national identity is one of the main conditions for the existence of each nation. It should be noted that the values of each nation, the path of historical development, lineage, mentality, national character, way of life, in its place in Universal development, the issues of ensuring social justice of society regarding gender also play an important role. References: 1.K huseynova A.A citizenship society and women's Bukhara 2009 2. Nazarov G. Philosophy of values (Axiology).- T.: National Society of philosophers, 2004 3. Alexis de Tocqueville. Democracy in America: Translated from French // M.: The whole world, 2000 4. T.M. Melnik. Gender as a science. Stipend. Kyiv. 2004. c. 10 – 29. https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gender.