American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 88 | P a g e IMITATION IN LINGUISTICS Dilrabo Khasanovna Saidakhmetova Lecturer at the Interfaculty Department of the Russian Language Chirchik State Pedagogical University d.saydaxmetova@cspi.uz Abstract Calque in linguistics is the borrowing of foreign words, phrases by a literal translation of the corresponding language unit, as well as the result of these borrowings: words, expressions and phrases. Linguistics, lexicology and translation studies are engaged in the study of tracing paper. Tracing papers arise as a reaction of native speakers to a sharp increase in the number of direct borrowings of foreign words that are being introduced into everyday life and science - in different historical periods. Keywords: Russian language, communication, information transfer, borrowed words, interlingual communication, borrowing, borrowing. Imitation (French calgue) - a word or expression created from native language elements, but modeled after foreign words and expressions. Tracing paper is a hidden borrowing from the original language material, a word and an expression are created that reproduce the structure of a foreign language sample. Greek "insect" (cf .: entomology - "the science of insects") - was literally translated into lat. language as insectum (cf.: insecticides - “poisonous substances for the destruction of insects”). Their internal structure is preserved in Russian. according to the insect. Outdated Russian. the word non-insect inaccurately conveyed the meaning of the Latin prefix in-, which had two meanings: “not” and “on”. Along with word-formation idioms, there are semantic (semantic) tracing papers, when, under the influence of a foreign word, the original word acquires a new meaning. Under the influence of the French verb toucher - “to touch, touch, touch, etc.” - the Russian touch appeared the meaning "to excite, evoke sympathy", which was absent before, until the 18th century. Entire expressions (phraseological K.) can also be tracing: a literal playful translation of the French. Il n * est pas dans son assiette (literally: "He is not in the mood", but assiette also means "plate") gave rise to Russian. Expression He is not at ease. Sometimes the influence of another language can also affect the construction of a phrase; such an influence is called syntactic K. The features of French syntax, for example, are reflected in the following sentence: Masha did not pay any attention to American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 89 | P a g e the young Frenchman, brought up in aristocratic prejudices, the teacher was for her a kind of servant or artisan ... ”(Pushkin). Tracing is one of the means of enriching the vocabulary of the language, along with word formation according to original patterns and ordinary borrowings, but it (like borrowing) is limited to preim. the realm of nouns. Contacting peoples is a living and ongoing process. This contact inevitably leads to close linguistic ties, which determines the mutual influence of languages, which finds its expression primarily in lexical borrowings. But it is always more difficult to adopt and accept a foreign word than a thought, idea or object. Behind the word is the language, something that we always try to keep clean and original. That is why the contact of languages always reflects the social, psychological and linguistic factors directly related to the history of the relationship between peoples. The narrowness of the monolingual channel of receipt and formation has long been perceived as a brake on the development of production and the spiritual world of man. Therefore, the study of the Russian language as a language of interethnic communication and as one of the international languages is in our time the most important social need. With the promotion of the Russian language to the role of the main means of interethnic communication, national-Russian bilingualism began to develop in our country. It should be noted that learning a second language in itself does not lead to bilingualism of the whole society. To prove this, it suffices to refer to the study of foreign languages in secondary and higher schools. No one, perhaps, would dare to assert that this leads, for example, to Russian-English or Russian-German bilingualism. This does not allow for the quality of learning foreign languages, nor the social functions that these languages perform in our state. The constant public control under which national-Russian bilingualism is in the Soviet state does not, of course, exclude the element of "spontaneity" in the choice of language or lexical units of one of the languages at the moment of speaking. However, this "spontaneity", which is usually understood as a game of blind chance or the arbitrariness of individuals, does not create the prerequisites for bilingualism to assume ugly forms and be reduced, for example, to a thoughtless confusion of languages. All this despite the fact that a number of generations of a significant part of the population of our country are bilingual. Bilingualism is a social need for the development of our state, and the point here is not simply mastering the Russian language. This would be a formal approach. The benefits of learning the Russian language begin to appear at the moment when the results of mastering the Russian language begin to affect the practical life of people. From that moment on, the role of the Russian language in the life of every person and the whole society becomes obvious. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 90 | P a g e The main feature of national-Russian bilingualism is that the matter here is not limited to the use of the results of knowledge of the Russian language only by an individual. Here, the use of these results by the broad masses of the population takes place. Thus, we should not talk about the spontaneous knowledge of the Russian language by an individual, but about natural tendencies that play an important role in the life of our society. The Russian language has rendered and continues to render many services to our sciences, art, and national economy. It has become a powerful accelerator of the transmission of information, and consequently, the impact on a person. In this last process, his role is far from episodic. It is an important means of educating a person, shaping his personality. The Russian language has become a means of cultural and spiritual unity of the Soviet people. Of course, in the upbringing of a person, his native language plays an extremely important role. But it is also quite obvious that in order to achieve the required efficiency, one cannot do without the widespread use of knowledge of the Russian language. And if so, then the Russian language in the conditions of national-Russian bilingualism acquires new qualities and values - thanks to it, opportunities are created for the closest contact between the cultures of the peoples of our country. This phenomenon takes on universal forms, although it manifests itself differently everywhere. This is how the social role of the Russian language in the life of our country is naturally determined. The role of the language of interethnic communication is also great in the improvement of the national languages of the peoples of the USSR. At the same time, the Russian language itself always adopts everything valuable for itself from other languages, thanks to which it is constantly enriched. On this occasion, it is enough to recall the craving of Russians for the West in the Petrine and Lomonosov era. At that time, a huge influx of foreign words went into Russian speech, but only a small part of them settled in the language. As a result, the Russian literary language was formed. Those. in the formation of a new quality of the Russian language, foreign language influence played a role and, as history has shown, a positive one. The process of influence of one language on another (if it is not accompanied by the displacement of one language by another) always turns out to be beneficial for the latter. Here is what, for example, A.S. Pushkin wrote about the influence of the Greek language on Russian: “As a material of literature, the Slavic-Russian language has an undeniable superiority over all European ones: its fate was extremely happy. In the 11th century, the ancient Greek language suddenly opened its lexicon to him , a treasury of harmony, gave him the laws of his deliberate grammar, his beautiful turns, the majestic course of speech; in a word, he adopted him, thus saving him from the slow improvements of time "(our discharge - E.P.) / 59.105 /. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 91 | P a g e Conclusion The current mutual influence of the Russian language on national languages and national languages on Russian does not consist in the blind borrowing of everything specific, but in the creative processing of everything that is necessary for their development. 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