American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 172 | P a g e PECULIARITIES OF WORD ORDER IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH SENTENCES Gulzada Otambetova 2-Year Masters' Degree Student, the Department of English Linguistics at Karakalpak State University Abstract: In the article the analysis of the peculiarities of word order in a sentence is presented by the examples of the English and Russian languages with the purpose of revealing similarities and differences in synthetic and analytic languages. Keywords: word order; word order functions; inversion; rheme; syntactic peculiarities. According to the syntactic classification of languages, both English and Russian belong to the SPO type (subject - predicate - object). However, the difference is that in English this word order is indeed the most frequent in speech, but this cannot be said about Russian speech. In Russian speech, this word order is not marked, that is, with this word order, none of the members of the sentence is emphatically distinguished. In Russian sentences, a diverse word order is possible, which is carried out due to the inflectional nature of the language. This circumstance distinguishes the role of word order in Russian speech from the role of word order in English. It is with the help of the word order in the sentence that the actual division of the sentence is carried out (dividing into the topic and the rheme of the statement), and also the emotional and emphatic effect is achieved. Word order plays an important role in the expression of a natural language, while using certain rules for the sequence of components of an utterance that characterize a particular language. “The question of the word order of any language is a cardinal question of the syntax of this language, because it is the “framework” of the smallest unit of communication - the sentence, into which “bricks” - words are embedded. Just as there cannot be a sentence without words, so there cannot be a sentence without a certain word order inherent in a given language” [3]. “In the specialized literature, out of the whole variety of word order functions in the English language, the following are distinguished: logical-grammatical, structural- grammatical, emotional and communicative-pragmatic” [2]. At the same time, it is pointed out that the actual formation of the order of words in a particular utterance occurs, as a rule, as a result of the implementation of not one function, but several or even all taken together. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 173 | P a g e This circumstance suggests that these functions intersect in a certain plane and the number of functions can be reduced to a minimum sufficient to form any communicatively meaningful class and type of sentences in which form and content are mutually determined. The structural-grammatical function of word order is recognized as the main universal function, which allows you to combine the grammatical (in this case, syntactic) and semantic structure, that is, the semantic- syntactic function. It allows to combine logical-grammatical, communicative- pragmatic, and emotional functions. The communicative function of the word order of a sentence is expressed in the actual division of the utterance into the composition of the topic (“given”) and the composition of the rheme (“new”). Despite the fixed word order, various permutations are possible in English in order to highlight the rheme. This, first of all, includes inversions, both in the initial and in the final position. For example, sentences with existential meaning: Seated in a row close to one another were three ladies. There was little sentimentality about the Forsytes (J. Galsworthy); using the turnover it is ... that / who: It was at this moment that the idea came to him… It was Bosinney who first noticed her, and asked her name (J. Galsworthy); circumstance inversion: Never had there been so full an assembly…. (J. Galsworthy) and other. “Indeed, the problem of inversion is considered both in grammar and in stylistics” [1]. So, a construction like Only then have I made up my mind to go there is called stylistic inversion in grammar courses and grammatical inversion in stylistics course. Apparently, therefore, it is very difficult to call some obvious grammatical violations mistakes. Since they have a place to be, they can be called "deviations". Grammar in this case must take into account the style and functions of its subordinates. Of course, poetic works contain more types of inversion than prose works, although any type of inversion appears in both cases. The requirement of rhythm and rhyme in some cases can cause inversion. In such cases, the inversion has a rhythmic-euphonic function. In prose, inversion can give a particular rhythmic sound to a sentence. As for inversion, it is difficult to talk about inversion as such in relation to the Russian language, since inversion is a deviation from the norm and is rather an exception. Numerous examples show that native Russian speakers who study English, who are accustomed to the diversity of words in their native language, tend to diversify the English word order beyond the norm. Their speech is characterized by the following statements: In the USA live 50 mln people. People said that there lived ghosts. In professional basketball play only tall people. I’ll everything explain. Came helicopter and took us. Sentences with a similar word order are typical for schoolchildren and elementary students. Subsequently, speakers learn only one standard word order and have poor skills in inverting it. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 174 | P a g e The weak variability of word order in English speech is compensated by a number of morphological and syntactic means of the English language: 1. Use of excretory structures: It was I who did it. - Это сделал я. 2. . Use of the article: A girl came up to me. - Ко мне подошла девушка. The girl came up to me. - Девушка подошла ко мне. 3. The use of logical stress (in writing - italics): I did it. - Это сделал я. 4. Inversion: In front of him lay a vast valley lit by the morning sun. - Перед ним расстилалась бескрайняя равнина, озаренная утренним солнцем. 5. Using the construction There is/are: There were a lot of people in the room. - В комнате было много народу. The There is / are construction is quite often and actively used by English learners. However, sometimes it is replaced by an inverted word order, which is a tracing paper from the Russian language. Authentic speech in English English learner speech There is snow on house roofs On house roofs is snow There was nothing in the room Nothing was in the room For learners of English, errors in the use of adverbs are typical. The most characteristic difficulty is the place of adverbs in sentences. So, adverbs of indefinite tense always, seldom, often, usually take a position immediately before the predicate. So, adverbs of indefinite tense always, seldom, often, usually take a position immediately before the predicate. If the adverb becomes the rheme of a sentence, then it can be placed at the end of the sentence and pronounced with a nuclear tone: I go there `often. As for the adverb only, its use is also at odds with the use of the Russian dialect only. Unlike the English dialect, Russian is used immediately before the word being defined: English. I only go there on Mondays - Russian Я хожу туда только по понедельникам. Under the influence of the syntactic features of the Russian dialect, English learners often build phrases in English according to the following pattern: I go there only on Mondays. With regard to the adverbs sometime and sometimes, it can be noted that the first of them has the most typical position at the end of the sentence (Drop in sometime), while the second adverb is used both at the beginning and at the end of the sentence (Sometimes I visit my parents. I visit my parents sometimes). The Russian dialect иногда differs somewhat in its place in the sentence from the English one: Я иногда навещаю своих родителей (the adverb determines the group of the predicate). Иногда я навещаю своих родителей (the adverb defines the entire sentence). This difference leads to a not quite normative use of the adverb sometimes in the speech of English learners: I sometimes visit my parents. Abnormal use of English dialects (tomorrow, yesterday, early, late, etc.) is due to the influence of the Russian speech norm. Here are some examples: American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 12, Jan., 2023 175 | P a g e Authentic speech in English English learner speech Russian speech We arrived at the airport late We arrived late at the airport Мы приехали поздно в аэропорт One day I’ll tell you about it I’ll tell you one day about it Я расскажу тебе когда- нибудь об этом Thus, when learning a language, one should pay attention to word order as a means of stylizing speech. Along with the study of the normative word order, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of inversion in English and develop the skills to use these possibilities in speech. REFERENCES 1. Contrastive Analysis. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Contrastive_analysis (accessed: 24 January 2017). 2. Gal'perin I. R. Ocherki po stilistike angliyskogo yazyka. M., 1958 3. Malinovich YU. M. Poryadok slov kak sintaksicheskoye sredstvo organizatsii emotsional'no-ekspressivnykh predlozheniy nemetskogo yazyka // Lingvisticheskiye issledovaniya. M., 1989.