American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 26 | P a g e THE FOCUS OF THE SMALL STRUGGLE IN MATCHО AND THE DECISION OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITY IN THIS AREA Botirjon Makhamadalievich Tojibaev PhD in History, Assistant Professor at the Department “Theory of Civil Society” of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan ABSTRACT In this article showed that according to some researches, at this time the tsarist government as Russian Empire gave the province the office of self-government and gave it the status of autonomy and the center of Matcho was at different times the villages of Oburdan and Madrushkat. Keywords: Oburdan, Matcho, Madrushkat, self-government, soviet authority, struggle. INTRODUCTION Matcho is located in a convenient geographical location and was considered a place of great strategic importance. This area was part of the Bukhara Emirate. When the Russian Empire conquered a large part of the Bukhara Emirate in the 1960s, this mountain area was also lost. For half a century, Matcho region was a part of the general governorship of Turkestan region, first Zarafshan district, and then Samarkand region. At the beginning of the 20th century, this region was politically subordinated to the Russian Empire, but the influence of the Bukhara emir was strong in Matcho. According to some researches, at this time the tsarist government (Russian Empire) gave the province the office of self-government and gave it the status of autonomy. The center of Matcho was at different times the villages of Oburdan and Madrushkat [1]. RESEARCH NETHODS After the Soviet power was forcibly established in Turkestan in 1917, the Belik leadership sought to build an independent state. The emir of Bukhara supports this political movement of the Makchoyi people. Forces dissatisfied with Soviet power, in particular, a part of the rebels in Samarkand, begin to gather in Matcho. In November 1918, independentists and clerics of Samarkand region, new national progressive forces, at the request of the local population, declared an independent state - Matcho state. The village of Oburdon became the center of the resistance, and all forces dissatisfied with the Bolsheviks and the Soviet authorities gathered here. So, at this American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 27 | P a g e time, a small battle center named Matcho appeared in the upper part of the Zarafshan river. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS According to the Soviet historical literature, after White Guards from Ashgabat joined the ranks of "nationalists and counter-revolutionaries" in Matcho, it was decided to send the representatives of the new "independent state" to England to ask for help at the big congress in Oburdon [2]. In addition to Bukhara Emirate, which was in a difficult situation, the leadership of Matcho Province expected political and military support from England, USA, and Afghanistan. However, apart from the Emirates, no economic or military support was provided to Matcho from these countries. Matcho territory has gained strategic importance not only geographically, but also politically. The territory of the Matcho Beylik was considered an important link connecting the independents of Ferghana, Samarkand, Karategin with their comrades in Eastern Bukhara [3]. In the middle of 1918, the first groups of fighters were formed in the territory of the Matcho reserve. The territory of Beklik, on the one hand, was located among the mountains not far from the city of Samarkand. On the other hand, Matcho province bordered with Bukhara Emirate. In order to reach Matcho, difficult mountain passes were passed - Isfona, Oburdon, Kamondon [4]. According to the reference sent by the chairman of the executive committee of Khojand uezd to the Samarkand regional council on December 12, 1918, "Machchay people do not want Soviet power, their divisions (volosts) are dominated by the Ergash [Big Ergash] group." The local population fell under its influence” [5]. At this point, if we remove the various labels and class approach in the report sent by the official head of the Soviet authorities in Khojand uezd, it becomes clear that the real situation in Matcho Bey was correctly assessed, and that the local population and groups of elders were incited to a national struggle against the Soviet authorities for independence. It is recorded in historical literature that the organizer of the "printing" movement in Matcho province was Mulla Imam, Avliyokhan Eshan [Avliyhoja Eshan] and his son Asrorkhan, as well as Eshonbabo, Buzrukkhan, Qutubkhan and others. Together with the Ergash group, which operated in Matcho, they fought against the Soviet authorities [6]. In 1920, the armed movement against the Red Army intensified in the territory of Samarkand region, in particular, in the Matcho Beylik. This situation is explained, on the one hand, by the invasion of the territory of the Bukhara Emirate by the Red Army and the official termination of the power of the emir, and on the other hand, the independence movement in the Ferghana Valley also intensified at this time. Thirdly, in 1920, when Said Ahmadkhoja became Matcho Beg, he turned this area into a small American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 28 | P a g e hotbed of serious struggle against Soviet power. Battles in Matcho made the hearts of the red soldiers rumble, and the local population began to feel patriotic. Representatives of the Soviet authorities and the Red Army command in Turkestan, as well as Khojand uezd party and Soviet authorities, will work out the procedures for ending and occupying the Matcho stronghold by force of arms. In March 1920, the red soldiers, who gathered their forces in the villages of Eri, Daydar and Urmitan, launched the first major attack against the Matcho stronghold [7]. During the first military invasion of Matcho, the Red soldiers occupied Falgar, a major destination on the Matcho road, and occupied a number of villages, including the important strategic point, the village of Rarz. However, the red soldiers were eventually defeated and retreated. After the defeat of the military forces of the Soviet command, the Turkestan ASSR government is forced to start peace negotiations with Matcho Bey. A delegation will be sent here under the leadership of Tojiboy Haji Mahmudov. As a result of negotiations lasting 10-15 days in the place called Auchi Uchuk, the following agreement was signed between the representatives of the Turkestan ASSR MIK and Matcho Bey: "1. To strengthen friendly relations with the government of Turkestan and to establish economic and political relations between both sides. 2. No war between the two sides. 3. Matcho Beki undertakes not to give shelter to anti-Soviet elements, including oppressors, and to help Soviet authorities and units of the Red Army to eliminate them"[8]. However, the Soviet authorities constantly encroached on the independence of the Matcho principality and interfered rudely in its internal affairs. They even take Eshon Bobojon, the brother of Matcho Beki Said Ahmadkhoja, to Tashkent as a hostage. So, adherence to the peace truce in the middle is broken, and both sides start military operations against each other again. In 1920-1922, Kholbotabek, who actively fought against the red soldiers in Oratepa district, gathered around him the surviving young men of Qazi Tora and Abdulkadir Khan, and in early 1921, he increased his group to more than 500 young men. He was often in Matcho Bek, where together with the patriots, he repelled the attack of the Red Army units. Kholbo'tabek commander strengthened the struggle for freedom against the Red Army in Nov, Gulakandoz and Bogcha-Isfara districts of Oratepa and Khojand districts with the support of Matcho and Fergana commanders. In 1920-1921, Matcho Beg Said Ahmadkhoja had 2000-3000 armed men at his disposal. At this time, the patriots of Matcho occupied the territories up to the village of Rarz on the upper reaches of the Zarafshan River, constantly threatening Oratepa, Panjikent and Samarkand. Even the commander of the Turkestan front M.V. By the order of Frunze, on March 30, 1920, a detachment of more than 1,000 Red soldiers American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 29 | P a g e with the support of 8 machine guns and a mountain artillery platoon made a military raid on Matcho. Enraged by this defeat, the Soviet military command sent large forces against the Kholbotabek group. The 12th and 14th regiments of the Red Army, the 11th cavalry division and parts of ChON and A. Rahimboev and A. The "volunteer squad" led by Hasanov attacked the Kholbotabek army group in late July and early August 1922. In fierce battles against the Red Army in the Basmandi and Ganchi regions, the group of the leader of Kholbotabek was defeated. However, taking the main part of Kholbo'tabek’s group out of the battlefield, he went to the territory of Matchi Bek through the hunter - Guk [9]. In early March 1923, military commander Pavel Andreevich Pavlov (1892 - 1924), who was sent to the Turkestan front, took command of the 13th rifle corps [10]. The military headquarters of this corps was located in the city of Samarkand, and the corps was assigned the task of conquering the Matcho stronghold and eliminating the rebel groups in the region. On March 17, 1923, in Samarkand, the new commander of the corps, P. Pavlov, held a special council and outlined the plans to fight against the "printers". The council decided to strike the last blow against Matcho and its ruler, Said Ahmadkhoja, and to end the "printing" movement in Matcho. In fact, the goal of the Soviet government was to conquer the independent Matcho region and establish the Soviet government here as well. Therefore, by order of P. Pavlov, the commander of the 4th rifle division E. Shvetsov decided to separate a special rifle battalion, two cavalry squadrons and a mountain battery to capture Matcho, reinforce them with mountain Tajiks, and attack Matcho through the Oburdon pass. The command of the Red Army made serious preparations for the operation to capture Matcho. Shells and ammunition, fodder, food and other things necessary for the military invasion were brought from Samarkand to Panjikent in advance. The Matcho expedition began on March 18, 1923. After Oburdon, at the beginning of April, the Red soldiers occupied the villages of Postigav, Khadzhsha, Qalakhona, Rogif, Sabah, Jigi-Mion, Pakishor, Paldorak. On April 2, a revcomm of Matcho will be formed in the village of Oburdon. On April 9, 1923, after a fierce battle in a mountain gorge near the village of Vadif, the commander of Matcho Beg's troops, Asror Khan, his brothers, the great scholars Eshon Khan and Buzruk Khan (Buzurgkhan), and their personal guards (consisting of 25 young men) were captured by the red soldiers[11]. As a matter of fact, when the village of Oburdon was captured, the Matcho patriots retreated in 3 groups. The first group, under the leadership of Matcho Beg Said Ahmadkhoja, left for the Ferghana Valley. According to Bobo Hamdamov, a representative of the local population who helped the Red soldiers capture Matcho, they captured Said Ahmadkhoja and a group of 30 people who were crossing the Fergana valley. As a matter of fact, Said Ahmadkhoja was not captured by the military American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 30 | P a g e forces of the Soviet government in April 1923. Later, he took part in many battles against the red soldiers in Oratepa and Matcho, and on January 1, 1924, he was captured by the representatives of the Soviet authorities[12]. The second group, under the leadership of the Kholbo'tabek commander, leaves for Karategin. However, the main part of the Korboshi group was trapped under a large snowdrift in the Pokshif Pass. Only the young men of the group, led by Nusratshah, who survived reached Karategin and joined Fuzayl Makhsum's "printer's group". Kholbo'tabek later died in one of the battles against the red soldiers. It was mentioned above that the third group led by Asrar Khan was defeated in the battle near the village of Vadif. So, on April 9, 1923, the command of the Red Army conquered the territory of the Matcho Beky and established Soviet power here as well. After conquering Matcho, the red soldiers returned to Oratepa on April 15, 1923, and to Samarkand on April 17. Berzin, a member of the Revvoensovet of the Turkestan Front, members of the MIK of the Turkestan ASSR, representatives of the Turkestan Front and the command of the 13th Rifle Corps arrived from Tashkent to Oratepa to welcome them. Captured Asror Khan, Buzruk Khan, Eshon Khan and others were sent to the command of the Samarkand combat region. Submitted by Tripolsky on April 17. At the mobile session of the revolutionary tribunal of the 13th Rifle Corps in Shahizinda, Samarkand on May 21-26, 1923, the case of Matcho Beg, his guards and clerics was considered, and 10 people: Eshon Khoja, Asror Khan, Buzruk Khoja Nizomiddin Khojaev, Abduqadir Avaz Khojaev, Karim Boymirzaev, Mustafaqul Mulla Yaqubov, Sabir Nurmuhamedov, Sirojiddin Ismatullaev, Abror Navro'zov and Sadriddin Ibrohimov are sentenced to death and shot. Asror Khan, Buzruk Khan, Eshan Khan, i.e. the three patriotic brothers, were the brothers of Matcho Beg Said Ahmadkhoja. They were the sons of the great scholar Avliyokhoja Eshon. CONCLUSION After the conquest of Matcho province, in April 1923, Matcho volost was established as part of Oratepa district of Samarkand region. A revkom (revolutionary committee) was formed in Matcho and began to establish and strengthen Soviet power in this mountainous region. Thus, in 1917-1923, for seven years, the residents of Matcho province, which was an independent state, lost their independence in April 1923, even though they repelled many attacks of the red soldiers on the territory of the province. On April 9, the village of Oburdon, the political center of the province, was captured by the military forces of the Soviet state. Soviet power was forcibly established in the Matcho region under the spears of the Red Army, and this mountainous region also passed into the hands of the Bolsheviks. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 31 | P a g e REFERENCES 1. Matchо //https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki 2. Keldiev T.Kh. The defeat of the counter-revolution in the Ferghana and Samarkand regions of the Turkestan ASSR. –p.29. 3. Rajabov Q. 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