American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 204 | P a g e ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL ORPHANHOOD AND THEORIES AIMED AT ITS STUDY Ziyaeva X. O. National University of Uzbekistan Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology, Mingbayeva Bashorat Jalgashboevna National University of Uzbekistan Master of the Department of Social Work 2nd Stage ANNOTATION In this article, the concept of social orphanhood, the causes of the origin of social orphanhood and measures aimed at preventing it, scientific theories that have been studied for centuries, comprehensive support for socially orphaned children, specific features of social assistance are classified in detail. Keywords: Orphan children, social orphanhood, social assistance, Social Psychology, kemticity, socialization, upbringing. At a time when there is a sharp decrease in the number of births worldwide today, protecting children from various dangers, mature in every possible way, is one of the most important tasks. In addition to the number of true orphans according to UN definition, there are also children who live as if they were orphans, although both parents are still alive, even if they live under the same house. Such situations are caused by defects in parents ' morals, alcoholism is caused by the addiction to drunkenness, the presence of an unhealthy environment, and children are left unattended without attention to their children. Literary critics have also described this condition as "social orphanhood". Data from the United Nations show that increasingly common global events such as wars, natural disasters, casualties, social chaos, economic problems have affected the number of orphans in the world, exceeding 240 million by 2022.1 according to Islamic jurisprudence literature, the term “orphan” is used to describe children who lost their father before puberty. Whereas in modern international literature, the term “orphan” defines children who lose one or both of their parents before they reach the age of 18. Given that 2.2 billion to 7.6 percent of the world's population is made up of children, it is estimated that 6.5% of the total number of children in the world is orphans, and unfortunately this number is increasing due to said reasons[1]. The family influences the socialization of children not only through its presence, but also through a favorable moral and spiritual climate, healthy relationships between all its members. In recent years, large-scale work has been carried out in the country to American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 205 | P a g e prevent social orphanhood, to promote a responsible approach to building a healthy family among the population and young people, to form a spiritual and moral attitude to family values. It is a time requirement to further reduce social orphanhood, improve the mechanisms of state support for orphans and children deprived of parental care, create ample opportunities for their rapid social adaptation, improve the performance of educational institutions, as well as strengthen the role of the family in raising a physically healthy and spiritually mature generation[2]. As a factor that helps them adapt to society, ensuring their employment serves as a fundamental issue. This process is quite difficult in them, and cases of unemployment are observed when it comes to the negative consequences of unemployment, it should be said that as a result of the analysis, one in four of those who have now committed crimes in our republic is unemployed persons[3]. Therefore, the activation and comprehensive support of graduates of orphanages and other institutional institutions in our country is one of the urgent tasks of today. One of the factors in ensuring youth employment is their specialization in the required professions[4]. The head of state noted that by teaching young people to the profession, it is possible to place a qualification category and place a vacancy. "Currently, official unemployment among 18-30-year-olds is 17 percent or 844 thousand (which is 1.5 times the total unemployment rate). And the number of unemployed not taken into account is at a high level in bundan,” said the head of State[5]. In order not to face these problems, it has become a requirement of the times to educate young people who are the owners of our future in a decent spirit. In this regard, Abu Ali ibn Sina made recommendations in his works” morality“,” Moral Science“,” family construction“,” treatise on duty“,” book on Justice“,” events in residential areas“,” wisdom". The Thinker emphasizes the education and upbringing of children as an important aspect of moral teaching, recognizes that the important task of the family and the state in the upbringing of the younger generation, the development of society, the economic and cultural achievements of society directly depend on the growth of educated, civilized people, teaches that “all things with knowledge tend to perfection.” Joseph Khos Hajib, a 11th-century thinker, believes that teaching children skills and knowledge is the basis for raising their morals. He"...in order for the child to be polite, to carry out his homework competently on time, it is necessary to educate him from an early age.” Alishernavoi's works play an important role in the education of the culture of Oriental etiquette in young people. Social qualities such as purity, patriotism, humanity, morality, personality spirituality, love for science are outlined in his works” Mahbub ul-kulub “(”the key of Souls”), Lison ut-Tair “(”Bird Language“),” surprise ul-abror “(”admiration of good people") and others. Special recognition deserves the fact that as a public figure, The Thinker built madrasas and opened schools for orphans under American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 206 | P a g e them, and the alloma provided children not only with education, but also with clothes, food, educational textbooks. V.Lisovsky believes that " children who grew up in orphanhood are more prone to external influences if they grow up, are more actively looking for the necessary unnecessary information, they usually have a wider and more diverse social circle, so their value-based relationship has a greater impact on external pressure. Emotional instability is characteristic of them " [6]. Western sociologist E.Durkheim says in his”anomie“(”suicide“) that” most suicidal individuals are made up of those who have little social support and guidance, lack of social orientation, economic shaking, moral confusion, vortex of failure " [7]. It is very necessary for young people to acquire a certain profession and specialty, participate in spiritual, social, economic, political processes, feel themselves as an active member of society. In the correct formation of youth, the need for everyday life, health, education, leisure, family, peer community, other important programs and forms of life is also mentioned. [8]. Modern Western sociologists are concerned that today such an important component of the continuity of generations as education is significantly put aside, it is replaced by institutions of mass society and mass cultural values. Orphanhood especially the problem of social orphanhood is becoming a problem of society as a whole. The emergence of new directions in modern transitional society and a radical change in the trends of traditional socialization of the younger generation as a result of the widespread spread of an asocial and immoral lifestyle, the participation of the youth layer in society and state civilization is declining[9]. As a result of an increase in the number of family crises, divorces, abandoned children, children fleeing from home, young people who are victims of cruelty, problems in society have increased a number. In addition, when Uzbekistan gained independence, it became a member of Unicef, which protects International Children's rights, and established cooperation with it. The foundation has developed a special program for immunization of children, food and drinking water supply for Primary School students, long-term programs for the supply of vaccines, assistance to the inhabitants of the Aral Sea, the project “Aral Sea: regional and Environmental Assistance”. Also, the International Labor Organization has carried out a huge amount of practical work on the protection of workers around the world, maternity protection, laws on child labor and ensuring security in the workplace, employment programs on working hours. The formation of young people, who are competent, independent-minded, have their own life position and firm faith, are able to take a worthy place in the life of society, become decisive forces and support in the processes of updating the country, raise their political culture, legal literacy and legal consciousness, educate young people, in particular young people separated from society, in the spirit of, to develop a sense of integrity, respect for national and universal values, to protect the rights and legitimate interests of young people, to support their desire to acquire modern professions, to American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 13, Feb., 2023 207 | P a g e engage in entrepreneurial activity, to promote the realization of their desires, to create the necessary conditions for the emergence of intellectual potential, to attract to scientific activity, to form a healthy lifestyle,, it is very important to widely involve them in physical education and regular sports activities, to protect from the influence of religious-extremist and other destructive organizations, negative influences and threats coming from abroad under the guise of “mass culture”, to promote the prevention and Prevention of crime and offenses among young people. In short, one of the main factors that determine the power, future of the state is undoubtedly the veneration of a spiritually mature, physically healthy, comprehensively harmonious generation. In this sense, it is clear to all of us how important, responsible the education of a healthy generation is today in our country. Attention to children is, in fact, an investment in the future. However, there is no doubt that the upbringing of deeply educated, modern-thinking boys and girls with a high level of spirituality, intelectual development and professional training will ensure our great future, while the active participation and support of young people is fully realized in the construction of a legal democratic state based on a strong civil society. REFERENCES 1."Orphans", UNICEF, https://www.unicef.org/media/orphans. 2.Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan “on additional measures to strengthen the social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care.” Tashkent City, February 11, 2019. 3.Strengthening discipline and responsibility, strengthening the crime prevention environment - the main factor in the effectiveness of crime prevention// in the post.- 2017.-18 November. 4.President Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mi his speech at the videoselector meeting on the discussion of measures to ensure youth employment and meaningful Organization of their free time under the chairmanship of rziyoyev, 27.01.2021. 5. V.T.Lisovsky. SPb., Sociology of youth. Textbook.1996. 6. E.Durkheim "anomie" 1897 https://uz.warbletoncouncil.org/emile-dyurkheim- 6745. 7.Varankav S.G., Ivanenkov S.P., Kusjanova A.J. Socialization of young people: problems and prospects. Orenburg, 1993. 9. Ziyayeva Xolida, Maxsudova Azizaxon. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LEARNING AND TEACHING. Oilaviy munosabatlarning barqarorligi. http://researchedu.org/index.php/cf/article/view/290