American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 16 | P a g e ABOUT THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE FIRST CONGRESS OF THE PEOPLES OF THE EAST Jasurbek Iminov Doctorate Student at the Department of History of Uzbekistan Annotation On September 1-8, 1920, the First Congress of the Peoples of the East was held in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The purpose of establishing Congress was to spread the ideas of socialism to Muslim countries. For this purpose, many delegates from Turkestan were sent to participate in the session. In the article, the issues of coverage of the Conference of Eastern Nations in the historiography of Uzbekistan are analyzed on the basis of primary sources. Keywords: congress, Turkestan, delegate, repression, historiography. Introduction On September 1-8, 1920, the First Congress of the Peoples of the East was held in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. About 2,000 delegates from more than 30 countries of the East participated in this meeting. Among our patriotic ancestors Munavvar Qori Abdurashidkhanov, Tashpolatbek Norbotabekov, Abdulhamid Sulayman ugli Cholpon, Obidjon Mahmudov, Torakul Jonuzokov, Inomjon Khidiraliev and other compatriots participated in the Congress work. The active participation of the representatives of our ancestors in the Congress, the state of oppression of the peoples of the East, including Central Asia during the Soviet colonial period, and the social problems and interests of that time were raised. But this Congress and its essence have been overlooked by historical researchers until now. There were no articles and works about it, no research was conducted. The main reason for this was Soviet colonialism and its great state chauvinism in the national issue. One of the most important reasons was that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Soviet authorities, pursued their nefarious goals from this congress. Metods The article is based on the principles of historical methods, comparative logical analysis, objectivity, generally accepted historical methods. The methodology of the topic was based on the priority scientific principles set out in the concept of the history of the Uzbek people and its statehood. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 17 | P a g e Results In order to ensure the fulfillment of the adventurous plan of the Western proletariat and the oppressed of the East to wage a war against imperialism, which is a common enemy, for the world revolution, it was intended to carry out an adventurous policy of drawing the oppressed people of the East into a revolutionary movement against the imperialist countries. Moscow's goal was one of its political tactics and games to make the colonial peoples under its control politically, ideologically, and ideologically dependent on itself by artificially drawing them into the vortex of the world revolution, disregarding the peoples of the East. This terrible policy was not supported by oppressed peoples. At a time when the peoples of Central Asia are also struggling to get rid of the Soviet colonial tyranny, they aim to give a certain blow to this process. Therefore, representatives of the 3rd International, the representatives of the 3rd International, expressed their opinion against such a cunning policy and practice of Bolshevism at the first conference of Eastern nations held in Baku. Lenin had no chance during the Soviet era to expose this insidious policy of Bolshevism. Independence, among other topics, created an opportunity to reveal the true nature of the meeting of the peoples of the East in Baku. However, taking advantage of this opportunity to reveal the essence and purpose of the first meeting of the peoples of the East, it is slowly taking place. Well-known research scientist D.A.Alimova's monographic study published in 2018[1] was the first among historical scientists to note that the First Congress of the Peoples of the East, which took place in Baku in September 1920, and that its essence has been unjustifiably forgotten and is not being studied at all. As the author shows, in the course of the struggle for freedom in the national regions of Russia, the establishment of Turkestan autonomy in Turkestan, Alash Horde in Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus confused the center of the Soviets and the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks with the forces of the Red Army suppressed these young states by force. As a result, the power of the Bolsheviks was in danger. A printing movement arose in Central Asia. The number of those who fought against the Soviets in the Fergana Valley reached 70,000 people, in the Bukhara region - 40,000 people, and in Khorezm - 20,000 people [1.179]. Among the sources used are R.T. Shamsutdinov's book published in 1994 [2.60-63] He made appropriate use of his article entitled "The First of the Uzbeks". Because R.T.Shamsutdinov in his article quoted from this source and used the documents of the archive of the State Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the life and work of Toshpolatbek Norbotabekov, who was a delegate to the Baku conference and gave a big speech at the conference. Referring to the national composition of the representatives who participated in the session in Baku, the author stated that 158 representatives from Central Asia participated in the session from Turkestan, Bukhara and Khorezm, of which 47 were Kyrgyz, 61 were Tajik, 35 were Turkmen, and 15 were Uzbek [1.181- 182]. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 18 | P a g e People who do not know enough about the creation of history books think that historians sit in cozy rooms and write works based only on archival sources, archaeological research, ethnographic data and manuscripts. But in order to obtain these sources, it is necessary to organize scientific trips called scientific expeditions. For this, a person has to go on long trips to search for archival sources that reflect the historical truth and illuminate the pages of the life of our ancestors that are worth taking as an example. will be needed. Such trips, which require both material costs and spiritual courage, remind us of the courage of our ancestors who went on a long journey to learn science. As a result of these scientific trips, new scientific articles and books containing unknown pages of our history, events experienced by our ancestors, which will serve as an example for future generations, will be created. On September 21, 2001, professor Rustambek Temirovich Shamsutdinov founded the "Meros" scientific and practical international expedition fund (public fund) in Andijan. The establishment of this fund was a welcome step for Uzbek science. Because the experienced scientist, who has been on scientific trips to more than 40 countries on 5 continents, organized scientific trips to Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and many other countries through the "Meros" public fund. As a result of the above-mentioned scientific expeditions, Professor Rustambek Temirovich Shamsutdinov studied the archival data, which had been kept confidential until now, and brought them to Uzbekistan after making xero, facsimile, photo, video, audio copies. This "spiritual treasure" served as the main source for many scientific articles, books, dissertations. Another such scientific trip took place on October 9-16, 2017 in Baku, the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The main purpose of Professor Rustambek Shamsutdinov's third trip to this dear city is to find material - documents, photos and newsreels dedicated to Cholpon's life and work from the state archives in Azerbaijan before the 120th anniversary of Abdulkhamid Cholpon's birth, to research them and bring them to the public. was to search for documents and materials related to the history of social, economic, cultural and educational relations and to convey them to the general public. In the biography of Abdulhamid Cholpon, it was known that in 1920 he went to Baku, to the First Conference of the Peoples of the East, among the Uzbek delegates. However, no Cholponologist could have imagined that the poet's visit to Baku, his life and literary heritage, would play a big role in his fate. Rustambek Shamsutdinov's thinking, memory power, and more importantly, his immense love for his country and compatriots are connected with the dream and purpose of checking and using this fact - the point related to Azerbaijan, to find scientific innovation. Commenting on this expedition, Rustambek Shamsutdinov said that his visit to Azerbaijan was not the first time, "This was our third visit to Azerbaijan. For the first time, during my doctoral studies at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, I went to the international conference held in Baku on May 23-26, 1984. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 19 | P a g e We came together with Polyakov. In the course of the conference, I had the honor of getting to know Ali Soybat Sumbatzoda and Pistakhonum Azizbekova, famous Azerbaijani academics, thanks to my mentor..." [3.2-14]. As a result of Rustambek Shamsutdinov's trip to Baku, a series of articles titled "Looking for the heritage of Cholpon in Azerbaijan"[4], "In memory of the repressed compatriots" in issues №1(8), №2(9), №3(10) of "Vodiynoma" magazine in 2018. He prepared and published the articles of the book "Looking for the heritage of Cholpon in the land of Azerbaijan" [5.15-98], "On the history of the cooperation of farmers of Andijan and Azerbaijan" [5.278-302]. The article "Looking for Cholpon's heritage in the land of Azerbaijan" published in issue No. 1 of 2018 of "Vodiynoma" magazine, documents from the National Archives of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the National Library of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the National Archives Office of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the archives of film and photochronicles of the Republic of Azerbaijan - books, magazines, newspapers, written using excerpts from newsreels. In the article, the process of electing delegates to the Congress work is written on the basis of archival materials and the recollections of Congress delegates Munavvar Qori Abdurashidkhanov, Ahmad Zaki Validiy Togon. In the article, it is stated that 1891 delegates participated in the First Congress of the Peoples of the East, of which 1273 were communists, the nationality of 266 representatives was not indicated, about 100 representatives did not fill out the questionnaire, and 55 were women [3.8]. The national composition of Sezd consists of 235 Turks, 192 Iranians and Persians, 157 Armenians, 104 Russians, 100 Georgians, 82 Chechens, 61 Tajiks, 47 Kyrgyz, 41 Oriyas, 35 Turkmens, 33 Komiks, 25 Lazgins, 17 Ossetians, 15 Uzbeks, 14 Indians. , 13 Ingush, 12 Jamshid, 11 Khazal, 10 Sart, total of 37 nationalities were represented [3.8- 9]. But in our opinion, the number of Uzbeks who participated in the Congress is understated for some reason. This can be clearly seen from the materials of the Congress of Eastern Peoples in Baku, which are stored in the Archive of the History of Russian Social and Political Organizations (RISTTA) in Moscow. In addition, representatives were elected to the parliament in Baku at general meetings in various cities of Turkestan, for example, on August 8, 1920, at 4:00 p.m., a general meeting of residents of the Old City was held in the Tashkent Jame Mosque under the chairmanship of Nizamiddin Khojaev and the secretaryship of Muhammad Odili. After long discussions, 30 people from different districts and neighborhoods of Tashkent Old City, all 29 Uzbeks, except for Turor Riskulov, were elected as representatives to the Baku Congress [5.43-44]. Here we quote this very document: American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 20 | P a g e Т/р Name and Surname Adress Neighborhood Section 1 Turor Riskulov 2 Fazil Kultoev 3 Qudratilla Yunusov Dachnaya street 3 4 Usmonkhoja Musahojaev Koshtut neighborhood Kukcha 5 Jora Tajizada Bahodir Sebzor 6 Hikmatulla Magzumov Hovuzbek, 2nd house Shaykhontokhur 7 Kasimjon Hashimjonov Pushti hammom Sebzor 8 Apimuhammad Isamuhamedov - - 9 Ghozi Yunusov Okhun guzar Sebzor 10 Nizamiddin Iminboev Khadra Шайхонтоҳур 11 Akbarkhoja Toshkhojaev Damin Street Sebzor 12 Inoyat Khairullaev Tundtilabob Кўкча 13 Nurilla Ubaidullaev Ayrilish Кўкча 14 Nasrullah Qadiri Langar Кўкча 15 Umar Kurbanov Ukchi Шайхонтоҳур 16 Mahkamhoji Polathojiev Khovuzbar Шайхонтоҳур 17 Abdugadir Abdurazzakov Kunchilik Кўнчилик 18 Normuhammad Kholmuhammedov Hodjikucha Sebzor 19 Abdushukur Ibrahimov Khokhati Sebzor 20 Tayyk Tashmuhammedov Sanba Кўнчилик 21 Ahmadjon Rahimjonov Chigatay Кўнчилик 22 Mulla Yodgor Abdushukurov Eski Namazgah Бешёғоч 23 Sobirjon Rahim Taktapul Sebzor 24 Ergashboy Ernazarov Koratut Sebzor 25 Gozi Yunus Шайхонтоҳур 26 Abdulhamid Sulaymonovich Yunusov (Cholpon) Shurtepa Шайхонтоҳур 27 Abdugani Muhammadyunusov Goza Bazaar Бешёғоч 28 Nasirjon Okhunjonov Degrez Шайхонтоҳур 29 Abdurahim Abduqayumov Tabibkucha Sebzor 30 Abdulkayum Abdulshaykhov Okhunguzar Sebzor [5.43-44] On behalf of the Central Committee of the Turkestan Communist Party, a congratulatory message from Tashkent on behalf of the Central Committee of the Turkestan Communist Party to Baku congratulating the congress, the interview of Toraqul Jonuzokov, who was a representative of the Karakyrgyz (Kyrgyz) people in the congress, published in 1920 in the Tashkent newspaper "Communist", the life path of Toraqul Jonuzokov was covered. The participation of the dams in the first meeting of the Peoples of the East, their influence on the participants of the meeting in Baku is covered in detail based on various sources. It is in this article that Rustambek Shamsutdinov brought from the film and photochronicle archives of the Republic of Azerbaijan from among the frames of the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 21 | P a g e newsreel about the Baku meeting called "Sartyanki-Uzbek" where 22-year-old Abdulhamid Cholpon is standing among the delegates in a national cap and in a summer shirt because the day is hot, among a number of Turkestans. The newsreel was filmed as the delegates went out for lunch after a meeting in a packed hall, with the Turkestan male MPs wearing national caps and most of the female delegates wearing burqas. In the part of the newsreel depicting Cholpon, Abdulhamid Cholpon's cheerfulness, fun, interest in life, joking with others, and even the efforts he made to make his face appear in the newsreel to the representatives with a turban were imprinted on the newsreel tapes. From this newsreel, the image of his live condition was extracted and published for the first time in a scientific journal [5.5]. It is this newsreel material that is placed in the information kiosk in the museum of the memory of the victims of repression in the building of Andijan State University, and the pictures of his live image, which was recorded in the newsreel at the Baku conference, are also displayed on a separate stand. Any Uzbek who sees the live figure of the Cholpan in an infokiosk will be delighted. Because this is a unique legacy left by the great Cholpan. "Razgovor s turkestanskim kommunstom (Ot nashego bakinskogo corr.)", "Sovetskaya vlast v Turkestane (Ot nashego bakinskogo corr.)", "Enver, s'ezd narodov vostoka i turkestanskii vopros (Ot nashego bakinskogo corr.)" the displeasure of the delegates with the Soviet policy, the chauvinist policy of the Soviet state contradicting the interests of the local peoples. The author found out that a number of Turkestan representatives were not mentioned in the documents among the materials of the Congress, and identified some of such persons through their personal forms filled out later. In particular, it is shown by notes in their biographies that Obidjon Mahmudov, Jo'raboev Haji Safo, Khidiraliev Inomjon, Ustaboev Dost Muhammedovich, who were not mentioned in the lists of the Baku session, participated in the session. In the article "Looking for Cholpon's heritage in the land of Azerbaijan" in the "Vodiynoma" magazine, issue No 2 (9) of 2018, the author touched upon the reason for holding the First Conference of the Peoples of the East: "The theory and policy of the non-capitalist development path of Lenin was put to the test on a global scale, through which Bolshevism, the idea of the Soviets [6.2-3] put forward the conclusion. The article describes the creation of the legal basis for the convening of the First Assembly of the Peoples of the East, the work done to organize its work on the basis of archival sources and foreign publications. In the author's article, Lenin showed that the "Soviet" regime of the leader of the Bolsheviks in Turkestan was understood by the national figures of Central Asia, especially the modernists and progressives. Tashpolatbek Norbotabekov's speech at the 3rd session of the Sejd on September 4, 1920, was proved by translating into Uzbek language for the first time [6.4-7]. At the end of the article, the biography of Tashpolatbek Norbotabekov, the author of this speech, as well as a color facsimile copy American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 22 | P a g e of his personal questionnaire, which he filled out with his own hand at the session in Baku, are given. In the article of "Vodiynoma" issue No. 3 (10) of 2018, extremely valuable and new materials on the history of our country from the 12-volume collection of Mustafa Cho'kai's complete works are commented. The teacher is in constant scientific contact not only with historians of Uzbekistan, but also with scientists of Kazakh, Russian, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz and other nations. is taking In particular, they are trying to update the exhibits of the Repression Victims Memorial Museum in the university structure, using all opportunities and friendship ties to increase their scientific potential. For example, he is active in conducting research in the archives of neighboring and brother Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, the Russian Federation, and Azerbaijan, and in scientific cooperation with leading specialists abroad. For example, M.K. Koykeldiev, an academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, was an official opponent of Bakhtiyor Rasulov's doctoral dissertation, and T. Kenensariev, a well-known Kyrgyz scientist, doctor of history, professor, deputy director of Manas Institute, was an official opponent of Muzrobjon Abdullaev's doctoral dissertation. In cooperation, books are being published, scientific conferences are being held, articles of scientists from Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan are being published on the pages of "Vodiynoma" magazine. The 12-volume collection of works of Mustafa Chukai, published in Kazakhstan, was published by professor R. Shamsutdinov was presented by academician M.K. Khoigeldiev. This unique resource is widely used in scientific activities. Mustafa was announced in the magazine "Young Peace", which was announced in the 1931, the Belyy Krasny magazine was translated into Uzbek. The author proved the hypocrisy of Soviet policies through this. Mustafa padray, also was present in Russian. After the February February 1917, the Mustafa pilot, which was chaired by the Chairman of the Duma in November 1917, expressed his views on his way, patriotism, characteristics. During the article on May 24, 2018 at the Republican Scientific-Practorative Conference on "Cholpon literary heritage in the state museum under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan" is analyzed in a detailed and detailed analyst. In particular, the candidate of philological sciences Otabek Juraboev, published two letters of Abdulhamid Shellzoda, which was mentioned in his Scientific Priority on "Two handwriting of the two handwriting," magazine. In addition, the number of figures in the 1923 Sirojiddin Ahmad Cholpon's figures in 1923 the artist Sirojiddin Ahmad showed which person he meant by the Cholpon. Rustambek Shamsutdinov has published information that has not been previously planned in the activities of the people in the poem "Digital Love". In 1923, 1923 featured articles published in the Fergana region, published in the newspaper “Darkhon”, published as an press center of the City Revolutionary Committee. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 23 | P a g e Abdulkhay Tadjiev was first for the Dar Khankan newspaper Iskhakjon Gaziev, chairman of Andijan Revant. Children from Tashkent to Andijan is the newspaper, which came to Andijan from Tashkent to Andijan. Because Iskhakjon Gaziev imposed the newspaper's work completely by the Chairman of the Revkom [5.102]. Continuing the study of the history of Russia in Baku, archive of the History of the Russian Federation in Moscow, the archive of the History of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Andijan and Fergana regions In 2018, he announced the book of "Remembering the repressed compatriots" (Qatag’on qilingan yurtdoshlarni xotirlab). The Book's article "Interpreting Cholpon's inheritance in the first Court of the Eastern List of the Book, the first Congress of the People's Republic of Eastern List of Russia, the first congress of oriental peoples and Soviet propaganda (pervyy convotation Narodov Vostoka i Soviet The propagandy I Deystevia Narodov Foundation for the first time was formed by the introduction of wide scientific consumption. About 293 of the Baku Congress were based on the fact that 393 are Turkistan and their professional structure, level of education and national composition is based on archival sources. Conclusion In conclusion, historians, especially Rustambek Shamsutdinov has contributed immensely to the research of this subject. Studying the historiography of this congress and the fate of the persons who participated in it is an important task at present. Studying the future fate of the Turkestans who participated in the Congress of the Eastern nations is one of the important tasks facing our historiography. References 1. Д.Алимова. Концепты истории Узбекистана: теория и гипотезы. III том. Т.: “Baqtria press”, 2018, 540 с. 2. Шамсутдинов Рустамбек. Тарихий меросимизга бир назар. Андижон, “Мерос”, 60–63-бетлар. 3. Рустамбек Шамсутдинов. Озарбайжон диёрида Чўлпон меросини излаб // “Водийнома” журнали, 2018 йил №1(8) сон, 2–14-бетлар. 4. Рустамбек Шамсутдинов. Озарбайжон диёрида Чўлпон меросини излаб. // “Водийнома” журнали, 2018 йил №1(8) сон, 2–14-бетлар; Ўша муаллиф. Озарбайжон диёрида Чўлпон меросини излаб. // “Водийнома” журнали, 2018 йил №2(9) сон, 2–9-бетлар; Ўша муаллиф. Озарбайжон диёрида Чўлпон меросини излаб. // “Водийнома” журнали, 2018 йил №2(9) сон, 5–18-бетлар; 5. Рустамбек Шамсутдинов. Қатағон қилинган юртдошларни хотирлаб. Т.: “Akademnashr”, 2018, 15–98-бетлар. 6. Р.Шамсутдинов. Қардош Озарбайжон диёрида Чўлпон меросини излаб // “Водийнома” журнали 2018 йил №2(9) сон 2–3-бетлар.