American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 29 | P a g e LEXICOLOGY AND PHRASEOLOGY AS A SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE ELOQUENCE Jabborova Gulchehra Student of the Field "Russian Language in Foreign Language Groups" of Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute Annotation: This article discusses how rich the Russian language is, the role of lexicology and phraseology in our speech, how many words great writers used in their works, the features of phraseological units, the phenomena of antonymy and synonymy in phraseology, the differences between a word and a phraseological unit. Keywords: lexicology, phraseology, lexical richness of the language, linguistic dictionary, synonymy, antonymy. Russian is one of the richest languages in the world. In Russian, each emotion can be expressed in a separate word, it is necessary to use words correctly, to feel the deep meaning of each word. The larger the vocabulary of a person, the more clearly and fluently he can express his thoughts. Modern Russian is the most common European language. In the CIS, Russian is an international language. The variety and richness of the speech of the speaker or writer largely depends on how much he realizes what the originality of the native language and its richness. The Russian language is one of the most developed and processed languages in the world, with the richest book and written tradition. We find many beautiful words about the Russian language in the works, articles, letters and speeches of prominent writers and poets.You can do wonders with the Russian language. There is nothing in life and in our minds that could not be conveyed by the Russian word. In our speech, a large place is occupied by different phrases. With the help of phrases, we can make our speech more effective and beautiful. Phrases help us make our thoughts clearer. For example, instead of “suddenly” we can use the phrase “out of the blue”. By using such expressions more often in our speech, we can more clearly convey our thoughts to the listener. The sound of music, the spectral brilliance of colors, the play of light, the noise and shadow of gardens, the vagueness of sleep, the heavy rumble of thunder, the whisper of children and the rustle of sea gravel. There are no such sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which there would not be an exact expression in our language. (K.G. Paustovsky). You marvel at the preciousness of our language: every sound is a gift; (N.V. Gogol). What is the richness of the Russian language, what properties of the lexical composition, grammatical structure, sound side of the language create its positive American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 30 | P a g e qualities? Paustovsky noted that for everything that exists in nature - water, air, clouds, sun, rain, forests, swamps, rivers and lakes, meadows and fields, flowers and herbs - there are a great deal of good words and names in the Russian language. The richness of any language is determined, first of all, by the richness of the dictionary. The lexical richness of the Russian language is reflected in various linguistic dictionaries. Thus, the “Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and Russian Language”, published in 1847, contains about 115 thousand words, V.I. Dal included more than 200 thousand words in the “Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language”, D.N. ”- about 90 thousand words.But it is incorrect to compare the number of words in dictionaries of different languages. For example, in no dictionary you will find neologisms created by Russian writers and poets - Mayakovsky, Severyanin and others. And what should be the vocabulary of one person? It is very difficult to answer this question unambiguously. Some researchers believe that the active vocabulary of a modern person usually does not exceed 7-9 thousand different words. Let's compare these data with the dictionary of the great masters of the artistic word. For example, A.S. Pushkin used more than 21 thousand words in his works and letters, and half of these words occur in him only once or twice. This testifies to the exceptional richness of the vocabulary of the brilliant poet. I will give information about the number of words in some other writers and poets: Yesenin - 18890 words, Cervantes - about 17 thousand words, Shakespeare - about 15 thousand words, Gogol in the poem "Dead Souls" - about 10 thousand words.Phraseologism is a stable combination of words that expresses a holistic meaning and correlates in function with a single word. For example, - have butterflies in someone’s stomach-feel nervous, pull someone’s leg - listen trustingly, make a mountain out of a molehill- exaggerate, etc. A living and inexhaustible source of expressiveness of speech are phraseological combinations characterized by figurativeness, expressiveness and emotionality, which allows not only to name an object or phenomenon, but also to express a certain attitude towards it. Phraseological unity is an indispensable part of a speech , in which, nevertheless, the signs of the semantic separation of the components are clearly preserved. As a rule, its overall meaning is motivated and derived from the meaning of individual components. The property of the Russian language can be considered phraseological units. These set speech expressions do not have an author. They are indivisible in meaning and are a single whole. In our speech, each of us uses them often, although we do not notice them. With the help of phraseological units’ attitude, speech becomes vivid and figurative. Phraseologisms can be with the names of body parts. For example, a jack-of-all-trades; close at hand - close; get out of hand - stop obeying, seize hands - arbitrarily take possession of something; tirelessly, diligently, without ceasing. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 31 | P a g e All phraseological units appeared to express a certain event or phenomenon. Later, for various reasons, they began to be used in a figurative sense, but similar to the original meaning. Phraseologisms can be both single-valued and polysemantic, they can have synonyms and antonyms. The proposal is expressed by one member. For example, phraseologisms-antonyms: live soul to soul, like a cat with a dog; a dime a dozen - with a gulkin nose; far away lands - a stone's throw away; rolled up sleeves - later sleeves, etc. Indeed, phraseological units are a unique source of beautiful expression of thought. These phraseological units appear thanks to folk wisdom. Literature: 1.Y.V.Radchenko. Russian phraseology 2.Masha.Rupasova. Cheerful phraseology 3.N.M. Shanskiy. Phraseology of modern Russian-2021 4.E.I.Amiantova. Lexicology of a Russian language.