American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 137 | P a g e MAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL DIRECTION IN MODERN SCHOOLS Ubaidullayeva Zilolakhan Zakirjon ugli 26 School Psychologist Abstract This article theoretically analyzes the main psychological problems of career orientation of students in modern schools. The results of a number of researches related to the important tasks of professional education, stages of professional formation, career choice, career orientation, understanding and definition of professional identity are described. Keywords: individual professional activity, professional aspirations, professional education, professional adaptation, professional self-determination, career choice. INTRODUCTION The social and economic reforms carried out in our republic require the population to have a high culture and become a master of their profession. From this point of view, two different aspects of professional activity, psychological and pedagogical, are distinguished. The psychological aspects of professional activity include the psychological-pedagogical principles, categories and concepts necessary for employees to effectively fulfill their duties and obligations in the future, and to interpret their behavior in accordance with the requirements of professional culture and ethics, to perform their duties correctly. It is manifested in education, love for one's profession, respect for people. Pedagogical aspects of professional activity are reflected in existing ethical and political characteristics of employees' behavior and are determined by how ethical principles and norms are formed in the mind of the individual. People with different behaviors, personal experience, information about certain types, and facts covered in the mass media are of great importance in the formation of morals. Choosing a profession is an important stage in a person's life, in which a person makes an important decision for his life and realizes his potential in society. This process occurs as a result of a person's analysis of his internal capabilities, depending on the compatibility of his capabilities with the requirements of a certain profession. Choosing a profession is an activity that reflects the relationship between a person choosing a certain profession (subject of choice) and the chosen profession (object of choice). Studying the characteristics of the relationship between the subject of the competition and the object of the competition is one of the urgent issues of our time. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 138 | P a g e Choosing a profession is not a short-term task, but a process consisting of several stages. The duration of these stages depends on external factors and individual characteristics of the subject of career choice. Professional self-determination acquires a relevant meaning for a person by the age of high school and includes several stages. We will briefly touch on these stages below. The purpose of this is that we need to consider the process of professional self-determination of a person step by step by providing deeper coverage of the topic we are considering, that is, a person's choice of profession, professional formation and professional activity. . Thus, professional self-determination includes five stages: 1. The first stage of choosing a profession. At this stage, the child has a sufficient idea of the world of professions, he knows little about his inner capabilities, his professional aspiration is still weak. This stage refers to the junior school age, in which the child does not have questions about the content of the profession and working conditions. 2. The stage of professional self-determination corresponds to high school age (ages 15-17). At this stage, the first professional aspirations appear and develop, and the process of choosing a suitable one from among various fields of work is observed. 3. At the stage of professional education, the process of mastering the chosen profession takes place. 4. The stage of professional adaptation is characterized by the emergence of an individual style of professional activity and the connection of a person to the system of production and social relations. 5. The stage of showing oneself at work (partially or completely) takes place in connection with the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the requirements (expectations) related to professional work. Thus, professional self-determination is a process that includes all periods of a person's professional activity, that is, from the emergence of professional aspiration to complete freedom from work. It can be said that it covers the whole life path of a person. Of course, one of the most important stages of this process is the stage when choosing a profession. A correctly chosen profession, on the one hand, corresponds to the internal capabilities of a person and determines his human happiness and maturity, and on the other hand, the development of society accelerates under the influence of the effective work of the owner of a good profession. As we study the issue of interrelationship in the professional formation of a person, we must admit that research has entered its critical phase today. Because there are many studies in which career choice, career guidance, professional maturity, professional activity management and other issues of professional maturity are researched, and hz. The analysis of scientific sources shows that a number of researches have been conducted on the general methodological and theoretical problems related to the choice of profession, orientation to the profession, understanding and definition of professional identity, these are: L.A.Aza, G.M. Belokrylova, A.E. Golomstok, V.I. Zhukovskaya, Ye.A. Klimov, M.Kh. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 139 | P a g e Titma, P.A. Shavir, M.G. Davletshin, N.Sh. Shodiev, B.R. Kadyrov, E.G. Ghaziev and others[1-14]. A number of studies are devoted to the study of the issues of choosing a profession, suitability for professional activity and the realization of a person's professional identity, the psychological requirements of professional activity and the psychophysiological basis of individual activity, the formation of professional interests. In these directions, M.Kh. Titma, Ye.A. Klimov, V.G. Maksimov, A.P. Chernyavchkaya, Ye.A. Golomshtok, K.M. An example is the research conducted by Gurievich, N.D. Levitov and others [7-10]. From the analysis of research on professional identity, it can be concluded that every stage of professional activity should be considered as a system. T.M.Buyakas, N.D.Levitov, O.N.Rodinalar in their research pay special attention to professional counseling, which is considered one of the stages of professional development, evaluate it as a guide in the process of adaptation of a person to a certain professional activity, and explain the effectiveness of the activity depending on the person's abilities. Analyzing the situation of teenagers regarding their professional self-awareness, it was revealed that their understanding of professions is shallow. In addition, between the process of choosing a certain profession and realizing one's professional identity, we should not forget the factors of the educational environment and the influence of the surrounding people. The dialectical relationship in the processes of interaction indicates the complexity of this issue. For example, the organization of a single career counseling has its own series of steps: a) at the stage of professional information, a person receives information about the organization of work, employment requirements, various professions, the stages of their preparation and the period of education, wages and career prospects. b) at the diagnostic stage, the compatibility of a person's interests, abilities, abilities and goals with respect to his chosen profession is studied; c) a student or person who has chosen a profession is guided in the formative stage, deviations in choosing a profession are prevented and corrections are made; g) determining the compatibility of the health with the profession from a medical point of view, and at the psychological stage, the issues of compatibility of personal qualities with the chosen profession are discussed. P.A. According to Shavir's opinions, determining a person's professional identity is the ability to match the future professional requirements, correctly assess oneself in terms of suitability for the profession, increase the level of willpower, and love work. and the fundamentals of personality, such as life experience, are required. The fact that aspects of the study of the problem of the profession have their own research subject on a large scale is observed in the research works carried out to date. The fact that these studies were conducted over several years and the scope of the results obtained from them is remarkable. Their comparison with today's research results enriches our achievements in this regard. However, the question of the impact of students' professional imaginations on professional formation and coordination of professional activities is one of the urgent issues of today. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 140 | P a g e There are also a number of studies that focus on the psychological aspects of a person's professional development. We will discuss these issues separately below[13]. Their comparison with today's research results enriches our achievements in this regard. However, the question of the impact of students' professional imaginations on professional formation and coordination of professional activities is one of the urgent issues of today. There are also a number of studies that focus on the psychological aspects of a person's professional development. So, professional self-determination is divided into important components of choosing a profession, awareness of professional training issues, professional orientation, and professional suitability. We will briefly touch on them below. Professional orientation is considered a manifestation of the orientation of a person's personality, and this situation penetrates into his deep personality structures. Professional orientation is based on individual-psychological and individual-typological characteristics of a person, his value system, stereotypes, abilities and interests. We can single out the following functions of the vocational guidance system: 1) Social function refers to mastering a certain system of values, norms and knowledge that gives the opportunity to perform social professional activities as a full and equal member of society. 2) Economic function means improvement of quality composition of employees, increase of professional activity, increase of productivity and qualification of production. 3) Psychological-pedagogical function can be understood as identifying, forming and taking into account the individual characteristics of a person who has chosen a certain profession. 4) Medical physiological function means taking into account the requirements for health and certain physiological characteristics necessary for the implementation of this or that professional activity. Thus, it is considered one of the important components of the process of professional self- determination - failure to take into account the professional direction can lead a person to choose the wrong profession that does not suit him. Neither the individual nor society is interested in this. One of the important elements of professional self-determination is a person's professional fitness. It is known that a person may be interested in becoming a pilot, for example. His professional direction may also be correct. However, if he is professionally unfit, naturally he cannot choose this profession. Therefore, professional suitability also plays an important role in the professional self-determination of a person. Two types of professional fitness are distinguished: absolute professional fitness (which refers to the fitness for occupations that require special abilities from a person) and relative professional fitness (which refers to the fitness for occupations that are possible for any healthy person). Analytical, synthetic and complex approaches can be used in the use of certain psychological tests to determine professional suitability. A.A. Stolyarov defines these approaches as follows: "The analytical approach involves the study and assessment of individual American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 141 | P a g e psychological indicators (for example, attention, memory, movement coordination, etc.). These indicators are necessary for the success of education and activity in the chosen profession. A synthetic approach involves the study of a whole activity or its important elements. That is why different devices are used at the level of this method. With the help of these devices, the entire professional operations are modeled. A complex approach arises from the combination of analytical and synthetic approaches” [12]. The next direction is professional advice. Vocational counseling aims to perform the following tasks: A) Lexical - performs the function of providing information. This information informs the job seeker about employment channels, entry requirements, career opportunities, and future career paths. B) Performs a diagnostic task. It is about studying the personality of the subject of choosing a profession from the point of view of the compatibility of certain personality traits with the requirements of the chosen profession. We also paid attention to this issue in our research. V) Performs a correctional task. Changing the subject's career options to match his interests is called correction. Thus, professional self-determination embodies the following psychological problems: choosing a profession, professional direction, awareness of psychological preparation issues. Conclusion and recommendation. In general, all processes related to the problem of choosing a profession are expected to find their solution in the following cases: 1. Choosing a profession, determining one's suitability for a profession, professional formation, professional development is an ongoing problem, and it is necessary to determine the role of factors affecting it depending on the change of time. 2. Choosing a profession, determining one's suitability for a profession, professional formation, professional development is an ongoing problem, and it is necessary to determine the role of factors affecting it depending on the change of time. 3. Pupils' imaginations in choosing a profession and professional formation are influenced by those around them and due to their lack of independent decision-making ability. As a result, there is a mismatch between the direction of professional formation and the professional goal. Literature 1. Avlaev O. U. Gender differences of social intelligence in student development. Scientific journal "Psychology". 2021. № Pages 1, 34-41. 2. Abramova G.S. Prakticheskaya psixologiya. Uchebnik dlya studentov vuzov. – Izd., 6-ye., pererab. i dop..- M.: Akademicheskiy Proekt, 2001.- 480 s. 2. Aza L.A. Osobennosti professionalnogo samoopredeleniya molodyoji. Filosofskaya i sotsiologicheskaya mыsl.-1989.-№ 6.-S 3-10. 3. Ananev B.G. O pro6lemax sovremennogo chelovekoznaniya. -M., 1977. -287 s. 4. Burkhanov A., Avlaev O., Abdujalilova Sh. Responsibility as a criterion for determining personal maturity / E3S Web of Conferences 2021. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 14, March, 2023 142 | P a g e 5. Davletshin M.G. , Zaxarina M.S. Professionalnaya orientatsiya uchaщixsya. –Tashkent: Ukituvchi, 1986.-82 s. 6. 3eer E.F. Psixologiya professiy. Yekaterinburg, 1999.-184 s. 7. Klumov Ye.A. Psixologiya professional’nogo samoopredeleniya. Rostov. N.D., 1996.-382 s. 8. Kondakov I.M., Suxarev A.V. Metodologicheskie osnovaniya zarubejnыx teoriy professionalnoy razvitiya//Voprosы psixologii. 1989. №5. S.157-164 9. Kudryavsev T.V. Issledovanie psixologicheskix osobennostey professionalnogo stanovleniya. -M., 1988.-145 s. 10. Strelkov Yu.K. Operatsionalno-smыslovыe strukturы professionalnogo opыta.- Vest. Moskovsk. un-ta. Ser. 14, Psixologiya. 1990. № 3.-S. 32-38. 11. Stolyarenko L.D. Pedagogicheskaya psixologiya. Rostov n/D: «Feneks», 12. Shavir N.Sh. Psixologiya professionalnogo samoopredeleniya v ranney yunosti.-M., 1980- 96 s. 13. G‘oziv E.G‘., Jabborov A.M. Faoliyat va xulq-atvor motivatsiyasi.-Toshkent, Universitet, 2003.-167 b.