American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 149 | P a g e THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COURAGE AND HIGH ENDURANCE SHOWN BY OUR PEOPLE IN THE YEARS OF WORLD WAR II IN PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE Valiyev Sarvar Abdisalimovich, Faculty of military education of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi Ergashev Hamidjon Komiljon o‘g‘li Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi military education student of the faculty Abstract One of the most complex and responsible tasks of the initial period of the Soviet- German war was to put the economy on a military track. INTRODUCTION It should be said that the reconstruction of the country's national economy took place in difficult conditions. It was necessary to redistribute material, financial and labor resources in accordance with the needs of the front, to sharply increase the production of military products and reduce the production of ordinary products, to move production from the west to the east, and to start it quickly in the interior regions of the country. All this only for extremely short periods, but at the same time, the pre-war Soviet Union was home to about 40% of the population, 63% of the coal was mined, 50% of the steel, 38% of the grain was produced, and the mighty machine industry base, including the area where most of the defense enterprises are located, had to be carried out in a situation where the invaders occupied1. The course of the war was directly dependent on the internal affairs of the country. That is why the political leadership gave priority to the reconstruction of the economy. Reconstruction was carried out by military-communist methods tested during the civil war. Starting from June 26, compulsory overtime work for workers and servants was introduced in the country. The working day for adults was extended to 11 hours in a six-day work week. In reality, it was enough for 12-14 hours. Vacation is cancelled. This made it possible to increase production capacity by approximately 1/3 without increasing the number of employees. However, the labor shortage was becoming more and more apparent. In December 1941, all employees of military enterprises were declared mobilized and attached to these enterprises. Strict punishments were imposed for those who violated the Mekhnat discipline. Those who arbitrarily left the enterprises were sentenced to 5 to 8 years in prison. However, people American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 150 | P a g e within the country, including in Uzbekistan, worked selflessly for freedom and independence without excessive demands from "above". In September-December 1941, the government of the republic defined the general plans for restructuring the industrial production of Uzbekistan in line with the military. In the adopted decisions, specific tasks for the reconstruction of the national economy were defined, the deadlines for the transfer of industrial enterprises to the production of defense products were indicated, and measures in the field of mobilization of domestic resources were proposed. Despite the acute shortage of personnel, industrial raw materials, fuel, workbenches, and tools, by December 1941, 63 enterprises in Tashkent and 230 other enterprises in the republic began to produce defense products. Among them were "Tashqishloqmash", steam locomotive repair factories, Chirchik electric-chemical combine and other enterprises. The textile and clothing industry also began to serve the needs of the front. Placement, assembly and commissioning of industrial enterprises transferred from the western regions of the Union to the republic in a very short period of time required great efforts from Uzbeks. The commission headed by Usman Yusupov was responsible for the organizational provision of this task. — A total of 104 plants and factories were evacuated to Uzbekistan. Among them, the Leningrad textile machinery plant, Rosselmash, Kizil Aksoy, Sumsk compressor and Dnepropetrovsk carborundum plants, Elektrokabel and Podyomnik in Moscow. » plants, machine-building plant of the National Railways, Chkalov aviation plant, Krasnsh put plant, Transsignal plant in Kiev, Stalingrad chemical plant and others. Students, pupils, housewives, workers of science and culture, servants and collective farmers took shovels, hoes, and crowbars in their hands and worked without knowing what it was like to be tired in restoring the evacuated factories and factories. What took years before the war was now done in days and months. For example, the "Rosselmash" plant started producing products in 25 days, and the "Kyzil Aksoy" plant 29 days after arriving here. By December 1941, about 50 of the evacuated enterprises were put into operation. By the middle of 1942, the republic's industry became a component of the military industrial base in the east of the country. Along with the growth and development of the production of military products in the republic, the task of expanding the base of raw materials and fuel and energy was also urgent. The war made it necessary to rapidly increase the production of non-ferrous metals. Therefore, in 1942, the work in the field of putting the Langar molybdenum mine into operation began at a rapid pace. A molybdenum factory was built here in an unprecedentedly short period of time. At the same time, the production capacity of the Koytosh mine and the capacity of the Qoratepa non-ferrous metal mine were increased dramatically. Large-scale construction work was carried out in Almalik, where rich deposits of copper and other non- ferrous metals were found. Angren coal mine became the first coal center of the republic. Active efforts were made to use hydropower resources. For example, at the beginning of 1942, the construction of hydrostations No. 1 and No. 3 in Okgepa and Okkovoq was resumed. The construction of the Farhad HPP was started through a public consultation. The inclusion of these hydroelectric power stations in the energy system of the republic American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 151 | P a g e allowed a slight increase in the production of electricity. In 1942-43, electricity production increased 4 times. All layers of the country's population took an active part in the industrial construction. Rural workers, who formed the largest base of Mekhnat resources, made a significant contribution to this work. Only in the second half of 1941, nearly 500,000 collective farmers were involved in the construction of military facilities. During the heavy war, the task of providing the developing industry with manpower was especially acute. By teaching and training new arrivals and those who do not have experience and labor skills to various production occupations in a very short period of time in industrial enterprises with a very large shortage that has arisen as a result of the departure of many thousands of experienced workers to the front. In addition, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Uzbekistan dated February 13, 1942, the number of workers expanded due to the mobilization of the population of working age who were not working during the war - women, girls, teenagers, pensioners. -women were especially actively involved. If in 1940, the proportion of women among workers in industry was 34.0%, by 1942 this figure had increased to 63.5%. the sharp increase of the working class occurred mainly among young people. The labor reserve system had to play a significant role in the training of young workers. For this purpose, at the end of 1942, additional 31 FZO (factory- plant limi) school was opened, there were 15,320 students aged between 15 and 18. By that time, a total of 14 vocational schools and 45 vocational schools were operating in the republic. Their education was carried out according to an accelerated program. In the early stages of the war, mass training of workers in short-term courses, individual and brigade apprenticeship methods was especially widespread. During the 17 months of the war, 23,300 youth workers (14 and 17-year-olds) were trained in mass professions. As a result of the measures taken, during the two years of the war, 105,673 industrial workers were trained in mass professions in Uzbekistan, 73,000 of them acquired a profession in production itself. As a result, the total number of the working class increased. If in September 1940, 141,600 workers and servants were employed in the industry of the republic, by the end of the war there were 196,200 workers and servants. was organized by engineering and technical staff. Undoubtedly, the complications of the war period affected the state of the military economy of the republic and the entire country. Industrial facilities were forced into operation, machines in the workshops were installed at the same time as the walls were restored, products were produced even in buildings without roofs, and the weather was extremely cold, in place of skilled workers, teenagers who had just graduated and women worked, the quality of production would not be at the required level. However, despite all the difficulties of the war and the economy, the people of the country managed to solve the main task: although the FORMER UNION lost half of its economic potential, it won the arms race. The work of tens of national workers in the country, including Uzbekistan, was of decisive importance in creating the material and technical conditions for crushing the enemy. They were inspired by confidence in the future victory, American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 152 | P a g e and were motivated by deep anger and hatred towards foreign invaders. Pushkareva, an iron cutter of the "Toshtram" wagon repair plant, worked on two lathes and in July 1941 began to fulfill the production task at 350-470%. "Tashqishloqmash" molding brigade worked during the war and fulfilled the daily production plan by 260-300%. Also, the members of the craft artel "New Life" in Namangan region, Kyrgyzboev, Yusupov, Nishonov, Hamroev, Kadirov and others began to fulfill their production tasks by 500%. Such examples became public. During the war years, the workers of the republic's industry showed courage by working extremely hard. But not everyone could bear the overwork, some died of exhaustion. There were cases of prosecuting workers who were "labour fugitives" and those who came late to work. But it was not their fault. Because factories are usually 12-16 km away. the distance had to be covered on foot. There was no transport. There was a shortage of clothes, shoes, and food. In spite of hunger and extreme exhaustion, industrial workers did their best to supply the front with weapons, military equipment, and material resources. During the war, they sent 2,100 aircraft, 17,342 aircraft engines, 2,318,000 aerial bombs, 17,100 mortars, 4,500 units of mine-disposal weapons, about 60,000 military- chemical equipment, 22 million units to the front. mines and 560 thousand shells, 1 mln. 3 mln. for grenades, field radio stations. radio lamps, nearly 300,000 parachutes, 5 armored trains, 18 military-sanitary and bathroom-laundry trains, 2,200 mobile kitchens and many other military equipment were delivered. Only the enterprises of the People's Commissariat for Light Industry of the Republic produced 7,518,800 gymnasts, 2,636,700 cotton panties, and 2,861,500 army boots. 280 new enterprises were established in Uzbekistan during the war years. By 1945, the industrial potential of the republic almost doubled compared to 1940, oil production more than 4 times, metalworking industry products 4.8 times, machinery products 13.4 times, coal production more than 30 times, po By melting lath and rolled steel, electricity production increased 2.42 times. Uzbek peasants took pride of place in the national struggle to defeat the enemy. With the beginning of the war, the agriculture of the republic faced the responsibility of providing the front and the interior of the country with agricultural products and industry with raw materials. For this, it was necessary to transfer agricultural production to the military in a very short period of time, as well as the entire national economy. It was necessary to mobilize all material resources of agriculture, to increase planting of technical crops, grain, potatoes and vegetables. The livestock farmers of the republic faced serious tasks, they had to increase the production of meat and dairy products both for the army and for the population. Solving these tasks was complicated by a number of factors. First of all, the entire composition of the republic's agriculture was mainly adapted to cotton cultivation due to the fact that the Center has been holding a monopoly on cotton for many years. Cultivation of grain crops was of secondary importance. Grain was brought mainly from the RSFSR and Ukraine. The enemy's occupation of the grain-producing regions made the agrarian sector of Uzbekistan the task of providing the republic with its own grain. However, there were no American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 153 | P a g e necessary techniques and specialists for this, and the experience of the ancestors was largely forgotten. In addition, the Stalinist administration set the task of "self-sufficiency with food" before the leadership of Uzbekistan. During the difficult years of the war, the main spiritual and moral characteristics of the Uzbek people, their humanitarianism, were clearly demonstrated. As noted by I.A. Karimov, "Our nation has experienced many things during its many thousand years of eventful history - the development of culture, science, the achievements of its statehood, the pain of mutual conflicts, the entanglement of strangers he lost his best sons and daughters." However, "the game of history, fierce battles, natural disasters and famine could not stain the human nature of our people." 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