American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 155 | P a g e STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND THE NEW IMAGE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN UZBEKISTAN Davron Mansurov Teacher of the Department of Military and Sports Journalism of the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan E-mail: davron1522140@mail.ru +998-93-545-16-21 A. Safarov, Doctor of Philology (PhD). Annotation The article analyzes the development leaders of the political parties operating in the process of deepening democratic reforms and the formation of civil society in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the ideologies they rely on. Keywords: political party, ideology, civil society, democracy, political pluralism, electorate. INTRODUCTION Political parties are one of the most important institutions of civil society. In democratic countries, political parties as an active participant in political processes have become an increasingly important factor in the formation of state bodies and the adoption of political decisions. It has been proven that political parties are an institution related to both the state sphere and civil society at the same time. As stated by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, "it serves to strengthen multi-partyism, to increase the role of political parties in the life of the state and society, to ensure the effectiveness of the representative bodies of the authorities."[1]. It is impossible to imagine the establishment of a legal democratic state and civil society in the newly independent Republic of Uzbekistan without the activity of political parties. The reason is that political parties are a democratic institution between the society and the government, and reflect various political needs and legal interests of social strata and groups, as well as their electorate. The term "party" is derived from the Latin word "parts", which means "part, piece". "Political party" means a political organization that represents the interests of social groups and unites their most active representatives. [2]. 1-article of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Political Parties" defines the concept of a political party, as well as the task of political parties: "A political party is a common vision, interests and goals of the citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan It is a voluntary association formed on the basis of the formation of state authorities, which strives to realize American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 156 | P a g e the political will of a certain part of the society and participates in the will of the state and public affairs through its representatives. [3]. Analysis of Literature on the Topic In explaining the role of political parties in the life of the state and society, the issues of scientific justification of competition between parties and their future prospects, Juraev S[4], Kyrgyzboev M[5], Mamadaliev Sh[6], Usarov O[ 7], Berdikulov S[8], Bekov I[9], Khalilov E[10], Saidova L[11], Azizov N[12], Odilkoriev Kh[13], Saidov A[14], Qudratkhujaev Sh[ 15], scientists of our country such as Joraev Q[16] and Kasimova N[17] in their monographs, methodological manuals and scientific researches related to the improvement of the effectiveness of the press system of political parties and scientific research related to the legal bases and mechanisms of this process carried out. Research Methodology The problem studied in this article is focused on the illumination of scientific research using methods such as theoretical (analytical synthetic, comparative comparison), historical, systematic, statistical and literary data analysis. Analysis and Results The establishment of a multi-party system in our country and the active participation of political parties in social life is the main guarantee for the establishment of a democratic legal state and civil society. Today, by further developing the legal foundations of political parties, expanding their participation in the formation of legislative bodies and the importance of competition between them in the development of national statehood is still one of the important tasks. Based on the above considerations and taking into account the role of political parties in social and political life, they can be defined as follows: First, political parties appear as public organizations in which every citizen or group can advance their political interests. Secondly, political parties are public organizations that express the color of politics. Because the main goal of each political party is to realize its interests by seizing political power. Thirdly, each political party appears as an instrument for influencing the psychology and mood of society through its ideological influence and methods. This will increase the political activity of the population. Fourthly, political parties play an important role in the formation of political cadres and through them the political elite of the country. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 157 | P a g e In foreign countries, parties are even understood as a unique element of the organization of social systems, the system-creating basis. For example, they talk about the characteristics of party democracy or partocratic regimes in the same sense. In particular, Article 1 of the Law on Parties of the GFR[18] states: "Parties are a necessary constitutional-legal component of the foundations of a free democratic system." [19]. At the beginning of the 20th century, a number of societies, organizations, movements and parties began to emerge in the territory of Uzbekistan. In our view, the following are essential to achieve: first, the number of workers among the population of Turkestan is very low. Even if it is, it is mainly located in cities or in settlements near railways; secondly, the middle class of the city - intellectuals, officials, owners, craftsmen - played a role in political life; thirdly, religion and politics are not conceived in isolation. Religious people had great influence in the political field and among the population; fourthly, peasants began to be more and more involved in the country's political life; fifthly, The formation and development of Turkestan political parties were influenced by external factors and forces. For this reason, the political parties that came from Russia - social-democratic, social-revolutionary, monarchist, constitutional-democratic, etc. could not find their electorate among the local population of Turkestan, and this did not lead to the support of these parties by the population. All these characteristics of political parties achieve positive results in the conditions of legal competition and contribute to the development of the state and society. Today, precisely for this reason, in the deepening of democratic processes and the development of civil society, the development of competition between political parties within the framework of the law, rather than political competition in the country, appears as the main goal and direction. Legal inter-party competition is inextricably linked with the concept of fair competition in the political culture of citizens. Political parties have a direct influence on the structure of the constitutional legislation of the government, influencing its changes and activities. In addition, political parties, in most cases, determine the mutual relations between the branches of power, perform the functions of control and influence. For example, in the conditions of parliamentary governance, political parties can perform the task of implementing parliamentary control over state power and determining the directions of this control, or modifying the existing method of power, etc. Experts associate the history of the first parties with ancient Greece. According to him, political parties are formed on the basis of territorial division. Interestingly, the first organized political forces were negatively evaluated by Plato, Aristotle and other scholars. In particular, Aristotle wrote about the current struggle and competition between the three main political parties in ancient Greece - citizens living on the sea coast, the plains, and the mountainous regions, and noted that these parties can undermine social integrity and national unity[20]. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 158 | P a g e Historical sources testify that in ancient Rome, the concept of "party" was mainly used to denote a group that supported the policies of one or another emperor (for example, Caesar or Sulla). Political parties in the Middle Ages were created in the context of social disagreements between the feudal lords and other classes, when the conflicts in society increased. Parties in their current form were formed in Europe in the second half of the 19th century. In this sense, we can see political parties as a political institution that arose in the European cultural system and later spread to other cultural regions of the modern world. In Western political science, parties are often defined by the role they play in electoral processes[21]. The following confirms our views: the existence of a party structure to ensure continuity and continuity in functioning, regular communication between local and national bodies; entry of party members into power at the general and local level; maintaining power by implementing party programs; to take care of his supporters and colleagues; - taking measures to gain public support. In science, there are many opinions about the existence of parties in the country, in the political system and entering into mutual relations. Parties form a set of relatively stable relations among themselves and in the political system. This set of structures and relations can be called a party system. The party system is one of the important structures in the political system of society[22]. According to the political scientist B.A. Isaev, "The set of parliamentary parties in the country, their interrelationship and interaction, and the position of each party, taking into account the political prestige of each party, is called a party system."[23]. It is known that political parties, fighting for a certain idea in society, interact in this process. They compete with each other, form alliances, and cooperate. Based on this, the mutual relations between the parties operating legally (legitimately) in the country are called the party system. The history of the activity of political parties in the Republic of Uzbekistan is conventionally divided into three stages. The first stage covers the period from the beginning of the 19th century to 1924. It is worth noting that dealing with the council in managing the state is found in all political literature created in the Turonzam. Therefore, it is clear from history that the predecessors of the parties, sometimes in secular and sometimes religious forms, first settled in Central Asia. As an example, we can cite movements that have their own ideological views, such as sarbadors and hurufis[24]. The second stage of the development of political parties in our country includes the period from 1924 to 1991. This stage has a place in history as it was a period of one-partyism in the country. The third stage of the development of political parties covers the period from 1991 to the present. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 159 | P a g e The independence of Uzbekistan gave great gifts such as independent reforms in all spheres and self-determination. As a result of the Law "On Public Associations in the Republic of Uzbekistan" establishing the legal basis for the formation of a multi-party system in the country, the process of emergence of new political parties began. Political parties compete with each other to actively represent interests in society. D. Epter's following comments about this are noteworthy: "The party consists of a complex of interests and beliefs supported by many people. They are engaged in open competition, thereby ensuring the mobility of the system" [25]. This is reflected in their program. The program of a political party is an important criterion that represents the path, ideology, and interest of the electorate. Conclusions and Suggestions Political parties, as one of the most important subjects of democratic governance, express the development of society through their views. For this, any party, if it considers itself a political party, must first of all have a clear idea and oppose something or someone. Such a situation and such an approach should be clearly known to the supporters of the party and people who believe in it, as well as the community. Therefore, every political party should inform the general public of its programmatic goals and objectives, promote it, and achieve a regular increase in the number of electorates and supporters, for this, the image of its printed publications and various modern forms of communication with the general public are effective. should be used. The presence of various political parties in the political system, fighting for power or active participation in the exercise of power is a guarantee of the implementation of political processes in a democratic order, mutual competition and cooperation. REFERENCES 1. Our parliament should become a school of real democracy, the initiator and main executor of reforms. President Shavkat Mirziyoev's speech at the video selector meeting with representatives of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, political parties and the Environmental Movement of Uzbekistan. https://uza.uz/uz/posts/parlamentimiz-a-i-iy-demokratiya- maktabiga-aylanishi-islo-ot-12-07-2017 2. National encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent: Publishing House of the National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, 2004. Volume 7, page 603. 3. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Political Parties". - Tashkent: Bulletin of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1997. 36 p. 4. Juraev S.A, Dzhavakova K.V. Uzbekistan: modernization and development of the political system. - T.: "Academy", 2009. 122 p. 5. Kyrgyzboev M. Civil society: political parties, ideologies, cultures. Tashkent: Sharq, 1998., Kyrgyzboev M. Partology. Tashkent: "Academy", 2007. https://uza.uz/uz/posts/parlamentimiz-a-i-iy-demokratiya-maktabiga-aylanishi-islo-ot-12-07-2017 https://uza.uz/uz/posts/parlamentimiz-a-i-iy-demokratiya-maktabiga-aylanishi-islo-ot-12-07-2017 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 160 | P a g e 6. Mamadaliev Sh. Political parties in Uzbekistan: formation processes and development prospects. Tashkent: Academy of Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2004. 7. Usarov O, Saidullaeva D. Public relations of political parties in Uzbekistan (Methodological manual). Tashkent: Jurist Media Center, 2014. 128 pages. 8. Berdikulov S. The role of political parties in the process of democratic renewal. Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2011. 9. Bekov I.R. Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and political parties: Monograph. Tashkent: TSLI publishing house, 2010. 10. Khalilov E.Kh. Legislative power of the Republic of Uzbekistan: from false representation to real parliamentarism. Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2001. 202 p. 11. Saidova L. Features of the electoral system of Uzbekistana and the growing role of political parties in this system // Materials of the working seminar - meeting of the district election commissions for the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. – T.: 2007 . - page. 35. 12. Odilkoriev Kh.T., Razzokov D.Kh. Political science. Tashkent: "Teacher" NMIU, 2008. 13. Kudrathojaev Sh. Prospects for the formation of a professional parliamentary system in Uzbekistan. Tashkent: Sharq, 2007. 14. Juraev K.A. Multipartyism is an important factor of democratic development. T.: JIDU, 1999. p. 47, 15. Juraev K. Multipartyism and opposition in France // Society and management. 1998. No. 2. p. 32-33, 16. Juraev K. Formation of a multiparty system in developed countries - as an important factor of democratic development (as an example of the French experience): autoref for getting a candidate of political sciences. - T.: JIDU, 1999. p. 19. 17. Nurmatov N., Kasimova N. "Role of mass media in coverage of election processes". Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan. - T.: "Uzbekistan" NMIU, 2014. - 40 p. 18. Saidova L. Features of the electoral system of Uzbekistan and the growing role of political parties in this system // Materials of the working seminar - meeting of the district election commissions for the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. – T.: 2007 . - page. 35.20 19. Collection of normative acts on political parties. - M., 1993. - page. 151. 20. Aristotle recognized valuable information about the field through his work "Politics". In particular, he expresses a number of opinions about political parties. Therefore, this work of his is considered one of the rare sources on the history of political parties. 21. Khalilov E.Kh. Legislative power of the Republic of Uzbekistan: from false representation to true parliamentarism. Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2001. 202 p. 22. Irxin Yu.V., Zotov V.D., Zotova L.V. Politology: Education. - M.: Lawyer, 2000. - page. 269-270. 23. Theory of Politics: Textbook / Ed. V.A.Isaeva. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. - page. 224. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 161 | P a g e 24. Kyrgyzboev M. Civil society: Political parties, ideologies, cultures. - Tashkent: Sharq, 1998. p. 90. 25. Apter D. Introduction to Political Analysis. – Cambridge, 1977. – P.157.