American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 241 | P a g e HISTORY OF LANDSCAPE TERMS AND IT’S USAGE Usmonova Shaxnoza Teacher, Fergana State University Abstract In 1975, D.L. Armand emphasized that it is a necessary condition for "creating a clear scientific theory" - a set of "clear definitions" of concepts (definitions) used in science" , the task for which is to "regulate the conceptual and terminological apparatus of landscape science" went and presented the result of this work in the form. In the early 1980s, the "explanatory dictionary" in front of landscape scientists was established by the 20th century A.G. Isachenko (1982) [48, p. 15]. Unfortunately, it must be recognized that today There is no such terminological landscape dictionary. Some of these terms are included in general geographical or physiographic dictionaries and encyclopedias, as well as in various scientific publications (monographs, textbooks, educational benefits, etc.) in the main part or in appendices. However, , it should be noted that the definitions, which authors often offer for the same conditions, differ in content. The same situation makes it difficult not only for students to study landscape science, but also creates certain difficulties in the work of specialists. The textbook is represented by a dictionary, that is, an integral part of the educational and methodological complex and contains the conceptual and terminological minimum, knowledge necessary when studying the science of "Landscape Studies". The terminological field of the dictionary is divided into thematic sections. In some cases, for example, when considering existing classifications of landscapes, subsections are highlighted. The order of terms within sections and sections follows a hierarchical structure (for example, for a smaller unit rather than a larger alphabetical order). Two-word and multi-word terms are partially given by linguistic inversion, when the main semantic noun (for example, "alpine landscapes", not "alpine landscapes"). The definition of the term can be presented in different forms. INTRODUCTION Some words are in the form of quotations that reflect the most successful, the most common or, on the contrary, the only definitions. Landscape science is a science that studies the origin, structure. Activity, dynamics and development of landscape area and composition of its natural and natural-anthropogenic geosystems; regional and local dimensions. Main branches of landscape science: morphology landscapes; landscape map; landscape classification; functional-dynamic landscape science; landscape geophysics; landscape geochemistry, etc . Applied fields of landscape science include: agricultural landscape science, recreational landscape science, urban landscape science, aesthetics and landscape design, ethnocultural landscape studies and others. Works related to the emergence and development of landscape science in Russia: V.V. Dokuchaeva, L.S. Berg, A.N. Krasnova, G.I. Tanfiliyev, G.N. Vysotsky, G.F. Morozova, S.S. Neustruev, V.L. Komarova, L.G. Ramensky, V.N. Sukacheva, A.A. Grigorieva, B.B. Polinova, S.V. Kalesnik, N.A. Solntseva, A.G. Isachenko, V.B. Sochava, D.L. in Armenia, F.N. Milkova, V.A. Nikolaev, K.N. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 242 | P a g e Dyakonova V.S. Preobrazhensky, ON. Gvozdetsky, A.I. Perelman, M.A. Glazovskaya and others. Currently, landscape science, V.A. Nikolaev (2006), "went beyond physical geography. Research on a set of objects, scientific, methodological and practical issues, whether natural or natural, the interpretation of the nature of the landscape is anthropogenic, it has become a general geographical discipline. In the twentieth century at the beginning. it is common to look at the landscape as an object of geography, in which many researchers include a person with his economic activities. Here, it is possible to note the pioneering work of A.A. in this direction. Borzov as stated several times, geography is the science of landscapes, and the composition of the landscape includes not only "the surface of the earth in the narrow sense of the word" and the organic world, but also man "with all his complexity" about his social life. " (1908, p. 9). He also defined the tasks of landscape study in the most general sense. In 1910, in his work dedicated to the landscapes of the Volyn region, P.A. Tutkovsky emphasizes the complex nature of the unity of landscape elements and their impact on human culture and economic life: "Through its topography, hydrography, and soils, surface ... deposits have an undeniable effect on flora and fauna. through all the elements of the country and landscape - about human culture and economic activity" (1910, p. 236). These ideas were developed in the works of L.S. Berg introduced the concept of "cultural landscape" into the Russian scientific literature. In 1915, he "Subject of Geography and tasks" proposed geographers to study not only natural, but also cultural landscapes. Unlike the natural landscape, which is not created by humans, the works of man and his activities play an important role in the cultural landscape. Purposely changed, called all human-made landscapes cultural - these are urban, rural, agricultural and other landscapes. The 30s of the 20th century is the starting point for the emergence of the modern concept of anthropogenic landscape science. It is devoted to the anthropogenic factor in the development of landscapes related to a series of published publications.Then the Leningrad geographers A.D. Gozhev and B.N. Gorodkov proposed the term "anthropogenic landscape", which was later forgotten until the early 1960s. Gozhev (1929) used this term to describe the types of the area of the sandy massifs of the Middle Don, and emphasized the importance of considering the role of man in the process of landscape change. A technology whose nature of impact on nature depends on the production relations of society. Apparently, he was the first to draw attention to the need to distinguish "anthropogenic landscapes", determine the boundaries of the landscape and study the history of development. The foundations of the theory of landscape studies were created in the fundamental work "Landscape and Geographical Zones of the USSR" (Berg, 1931). Here, in the introduction, the doctrine of landscape was presented for the first time and the foundations of genetic landscape science were created. In particular, he proposed to consider the landscape as the main unit in the science of geography and gave the following definition to the studied object: "Geographical landscape is such a collection or grouping of things and phenomena of the relief of specific characteristics, interdependence. climate, waters, soil and vegetation cover and animal life, as well as human activity, are usually combined into a single harmonious whole that repeats American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 243 | P a g e itself in a certain area of the Earth" (1931, p. 5). Landscape to the study of the anthropogenic factor in the formation of landscapes L. G. Ramonsky (1935, 1938) is one of the founders of the theory of morphology. Emphasizing that the object of research should be not only natural, but man-made and newly created cultural landscapes, Ramensky was the first to show the connection of anthropogenic landscapes with natural landscapes, their natural He expressed the cultural changes of the land type as temporary changes of the area under the influence of culture, and the most important characteristic of cultural changes is their practical restoration, if a certain cultural when a change occurs under the influence of a regime, it turns into another or returns to the original, local type. References: 1. Usmanova, S. (2022). An analysis of" assimilation" of landscape terms. Eurasian Scientific Herald, 14, 32-36. 2.Usmanova, S. (2022). Comparative analysis of landscape terms in Uzbek and English and usage of terms. Eurasian Journal of Learning and Academic Teaching, 14, 1-3. 3. Shaxnoza, U. (2022). Comparative Study of Cosmonims (Sun, Moon...) In Uzbek and English. Eurasian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7, 72-75. 4. Shaxnoza, U. (2022). INGLIZ VA O'ZBEK TILIDA LANDSHAFT SO'ZLARINING QIYOSIY TAHLILI VA FRAZEALOGIYA. Uzbek Scholar Journal, 4, 53-55. 5. Usmonova, S. (2023). MODERN METHODS OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN PRIMARY CLASSES. Бюллетень студентов нового Узбекистана, 1(3), 27- 29. 6.Abdurakhmonov, V. (2022). FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITY OF ALTERNATIVE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES. Oriental Journal of Social Sciences, 2(03), 82-87. 7. Ravshanovna, G. N. (2022, April). THE STUDY OF THE MEANING OF THE WORD TOLERANCE IN OTHER LANGUAGES. In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE (Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 8-9).