American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 283 | P a g e A HIGH MANIFESTATION OF ENLIGHTENMENT Erkinjonova Mabuda Nomozboy qizi Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizomi, Faculty of Special Pedagogy and Inclusive Education Abstract: This article is one of the famous representatives of Uzbek national culture, the enlightened poet, playwright, journalist, scientist, state and public figure Abdulla Avloni. For Abdulla Awlani, science and enlightenment are the only weapons, and it is also reflected that he wants to fight for socio-economic and cultural development in the country with the help of these weapons. Also, Awlani's contribution to philanthropy and patronage has been studied. Keywords: Mergancha neighborhood, "Taraqqi", "Khurshid" newspapers, "First Teacher", "Second Teacher", "Turon". INTRODUCTION The territory of Central Asia, which is one of the ancient centers of world civilization, including our country and Uzbekistan, was occupied by the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. In these historical times, the General Governorate of Turkestan of the Russian Empire was established in the Turkestan region. During those years in the history of our country, the movement of enlightened and progressive modernists, who supported the ideas of reformation, unification and national revival, was expanding more and more. At that time, modern representatives Mahmudhoja Behbudi, Faizulla Khojayev, Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulla Kadri, Munavvar Qori, Abdulla Avloni, Polvonniyoz Yusupov and others realized that the highest goal is to achieve spiritual awakening and independence. were We are studying the life and work of one of them, Abdulla Avloni, one of the national and spiritual enlighteners in the history of Uzbek statehood, a poet, dramatist, journalist, scientist, state and public figure who lived in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Abdulla Avloni, a representative of jaded, who left an indelible mark in the field of education, showed his initiative in charity and sponsorship work. Abdulla Avloni was born on July 12, 1878 in a simple family in the Mergancha neighborhood of the old city of Tashkent. Avloni's father's name is Miravlon, and his mother's name is Fatima. His father was a weaver (bozchilik) and was engaged in the trade of wool and chit as a spreader in the Yarmanka market. Avloni studied in elementary school and learned his first literacy from teacher Akromkhan in Okhchi neighborhood. In his autobiography, he remembers the time of poverty and hardship in his youth and says: a poor person becomes destitute. ... When I reached the age of 13, poverty affected me. even in difficult times, Avloni's interest in science led him to the future, but he did not regret the difficulties he would face in the future. When Awlani was 14 years old, he came to the Abdumalikboy madrasa in Shaikhontakhur and began studying under Mulla Umar Akhund. From 1894 he began to write poetry. At the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 284 | P a g e age of 18, Avloni got out of the labor market, reached the level of a master, and engaged in crafts such as brick-making, plastering, stove-making, and carpentry. After his father's death, he got married in 1900 and became the head of the family. At that time, the poet began to write poems against the rich and the mullahs because he grew up in labor. He was forced to leave the madrasa without completing it, but continued to master educational work. He got acquainted with various newspapers, newspapers and magazines published in different cities of the Russian Empire at that time, and increased his knowledge and literacy. At that time, when the term old-new (jadid-qadim) was formed among the indigenous peoples, Avloni joined the ranks of the Jadidists and started working in the Jadid community in 1904. On his own initiative, he opened "Jadid school" and started teaching. In 1906, after the "Taraqqi" and "Khurshid" newspapers ceased their activities for several years, in 1907, on the initiative of Avloni, the "Shukhrat" newspaper began to be published on Sapyorniy Street. Rafik Sobirov, a Tatar from Kotzan, helped him in the editing work. Later, the newspaper was suspended after 10 issues after much pressure. Avloni did not stop there, that is, in 1908, he obtained permission for the newspaper "Asiyo" in the name of his partner, writer Akhmadjon Bektemirov, established a newspaper office in his house and continued to work again. Unfortunately, the newspaper was closed by the government after 6 issues. Avloni did not give up hope and opened a new method school in Mirabad in 1908 and continued teaching. In our opinion, Abdulla Avloni's idea that what kind of knowledge is given to children in education depends on our tomorrow, motivated him to move forward. Important components of pedagogy are helping to form a person, creating conditions for the development of talents and abilities. The idea that it is important to love children, to hear and listen to them, to find answers to difficult questions and to encourage new achievements, to help them to believe in success, became his motto, his belief in the future. Because despite the opposition of some clerics and priests and the ruling government, the people put the nation's interest before their own interest. Avloni put forward the opinion that the way to save the nation from this ignorance should be found in knowledge and the school that provides it: Hamma xursandlikni ma’danidur ilm, ey o‘g`lon, Hamma fazlu qaramni manbaidur ilm, ey o‘g`lon, Hamma xo‘blarni xo‘bin maskandir ilm, ey o‘g`lon, Hamma Islom elini masnanidur ilm, ey o‘g`lon, Qo‘lingga bir kun muhri sulaymonni berur maktab, Shahodatnomai firdavsi g`ilmonni berur maktab1. Although Avloni wrote in his works and poems about the indifference of some parents to their children, it would not be wrong to say that his poems also apply to some parents today. During those difficult times, Abdulla Avloni wrote textbooks for schoolchildren, such as "The First Teacher", "The Second Teacher" (1912), "History", "Turkish Gulistan or Ethics" (1913), which were new for their time. 1 Nomozova.K. Jadidchilik: muammolar, islohot va qarashlar. Toshkent: ‘‘Turon Iqbol’’, 2010. - B. 93. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 15, April, 2023 285 | P a g e In recent years, attention and confidence in women in our country is growing. It should be noted that the issue of expanding women's rights and their education was considered by local intellectuals, including Jadids, as an urgent issue for the society. Avloni stated the following about this problem: Why are we not doing anything ... we are not waking up from the sleep that keeps our girls in captivity, we are not giving up the lack of culture and ignorance of our time. Unfortunately, we still have such problems. It is worth noting that the illiteracy of women may be the illiteracy of our future, because they spend more time with our children at home, they read books. If our women are literate, they know how to read books to our children and what books to bring. A literate child who has read a lot of books is the creator of our future. In the last quarter of the 19th century, when talking about charitable relations in Turkestan, the activities of the rich local population gained high importance, while in the first quarter of the 20th century, local intellectuals, modernists and enlighteners began to establish charitable societies in Turkestan. For example, according to the information given by Abdulla Avloni in his biography, we can see that he opened "Jamiyati Khairiya" on May 12, 1909 with several friends to ensure the unity of the people of Turkestan and enlighten the younger generation. we will witness. After the establishment of the society, jurists such as Ubaydulla Khojaev, Tashpolatbek Norbotabekov developed a charter of the society consisting of 41 articles. It is important that among the main tasks of "Jamiyati Khairiya" organization is to establish schools for education of all strata of the population, to sponsor poor children and orphans, to organize various charity houses, and to provide assistance to students. Abdulla Avloni, an enlightened person, was engaged not only in science, teaching, and educational work, but also in good works, such as helping the needy, strangers, and the helpless, helping to educate young people to study abroad, and organized a society. reached He tried to show zeal to make his people literate, spiritual and cultured, in the pursuit of good for the people. While covering the creative activity of Abdulla Avloni, he entered the field of theater in order to civilize the people from 1913, and as a director, he went to several cities of Turkestan and tried to develop the field of theater. For example, about 10 Azerbaijani plays were translated into Uzbek and staged by the educator, he also wrote 3 plays himself and founded the "Turon" theater charity society. Summary. Even though a lot of time has passed since then, the valuable opinions of our late enlightener Abdulla Avloni about education, science and enlightenment, the noble ideas he put forward have not lost their power. Q. In particular, Abdulla Avlani's views on the matter are one of the most pressing issues of today. Among the Uzbek Jadids, Abdulla Avloni, who was one of the first organizers of Usuli Jadid schools, spent his career as a general governor, in the process of fierce struggles against the persecution and oppression of local fanatics. Charitable organizations, companies, printing houses, schools and libraries, publishing houses established by Avloni became a great moral and economic helper in spreading modern schools across the country. 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