American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 16, May, 2023 164 | P a g e SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL SITUATION IN EASTERN COUNTRIES Doniyorbek Murodjon ugli Sobirov Master of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the socio-economic situation in Eastern countries based on information from scientific literature and periodicals. Even after the Second World War, he tried hard to save this company. For this purpose, in 1949, Great Britain developed a treaty called "Supplementary Treaty". It provided for a partial increase in the amount of allocation to Iran from the company's income. Keywords: Second World War, socio-economic situation, "Supplementary Treaty", partial increase, allocation. Introduction At the end of the Second World War, Iran was ruled by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919- 1980), and the head of government was Qawam al-Sultan. In 1947, I. Hakimi and then Razmari were appointed in his place. In 1945, the struggle for national autonomy of the Azerbaijani and Kurdish peoples living in Iran began. The Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, which began to operate in Iran's Azerbaijan, put forward the following demands: granting autonomy to Iran's Azerbaijan in the field of cultural life and local government within the framework of a single country; recognizing the Azerbaijani language as an official language in the autonomous region; to have its own parliament. RESEARCH METHODS These demands were the result of the chauvinistic policy of the royal government towards representatives of other nationalities. At the end of 1945, an election was held for the Parliament (Majlis) of Iran-Azerbaijan [1]. On December 9, the Parliament announced the formation of the Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The government formed after the election announced that it would recognize the central government and fulfill all its instructions that do not conflict with the interests of autonomy. Education in schools began to be conducted in the Azerbaijani language. Azerbaijan State University was opened. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS At the end of 1945, the struggle for autonomy began in Northern Kurdistan (Iranian Kurdistan)[2]. Soon the autonomous Kurdish People's Republic was established. This struggle was led by the Kurdistan Democratic Party. However, these actions were actually encouraged and supported by the USSR. This was direct interference in the internal affairs American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 16, May, 2023 165 | P a g e of other countries. At the same time, the USSR supported the Tude (Communist Party of Iran). The Iranian government, of course, assessed the events in Iran's Azerbaijan and Northern Kurdistan as a separatist movement. The British government strongly opposed the USSR's interference in Iran's internal affairs. For example, he sent additional military forces to Iran. The USSR was forced to maneuver. On April 4, 1946, he was forced to withdraw his army from Northern Iran in exchange for an agreement with Iran on the establishment of a joint Soviet-Iranian oil company. By the end of 1946, the Iranian government canceled this agreement and brought the entire north of the country under its control. Azerbaijan and Kurdish autonomous republics were completed. The former USSR did not intervene in these events. Because such an intervention could be faced with a joint counter-intervention of Great Britain and the United States [3]. At the same time, the British-American influence was growing in Iran. In 1947, the signing of the Iranian-American agreement on the activities of the American military mission in Iran, which also provided for the possibility of American specialists to occupy leadership positions in the Iranian army, further strengthened the position of the United States in Iran. In 1950, this issue was strengthened by a new treaty. At the same time, the British-American conflict intensified. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (IENK) was of great importance to Great Britain. This company was founded in 1933. The main part of the company's income was received by Great Britain [4]. Even after the Second World War, he tried hard to save this company. For this purpose, in 1949, Great Britain developed a treaty called "Supplementary Treaty". It provided for a partial increase in the amount of allocation to Iran from the company's income. The people of Iran protested. In this way, Great Britain wanted to maintain its dominance in IENK. However, the Iranian government rejected it. On March 15, 1951, the country's parliament made a decision to nationalize IENK. M. Mossadiq, the leader of the National Front (forces fighting against Iran's economic and political dependence on foreign countries), who was appointed to the post of prime minister on April 29, began to directly implement this decision. Great Britain and the USA prevented it in different ways. They wanted to solve this issue at the Hague International Court. However, the Iranian government did not recognize the authority of this court. The UK has now appealed to the UN Security Council. The Security Council decided to hand over Iranian oil to an international company. However, Mossadiq rejected this decision. He noted that Iranian oil is the national wealth of Iran, and its nationalization is an internal matter of Iran. In response, Great Britain imposed an economic embargo on Iran. The Iranian government has severed diplomatic relations with Great Britain. Internal pro-Western forces led by the Shah staged a coup d'état on August 19, 1953, relying on the support of the United Kingdom and the United States [5]. It was headed by General Zahidi. The king appointed him prime minister. All political parties, organizations, periodical press publications that supported the American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 16, May, 2023 166 | P a g e Mossadiq policy were crushed. In this way, the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, strengthened his position. The new government signed an agreement with the International Oil Consortium in 1954. (U.S. and Great Britain oil companies had a leading position in it.) According to the agreement, Iranian oil was given to this consortium for a period of 25 years (until 1979) [6]. The consortium's oil production has been growing year by year. In particular, in 1950, it was 32 million tons, and by 1961, this indicator was 57 million tons. At the same time, Iran also started to earn a lot of income from oil exports. By the mid-70s, this income exceeded $20 billion. Iran joined the Baghdad Pact in 1955 (SENTO from 1959). He supported the "Eisenhower Doctrine". In 1959, it signed an agreement with the USA and became almost dependent on it. 40 percent of the budget went to military purposes. By the 1955 law, more than 1,000 different firms were operating in Iran[7]. Imports increased 5 times more than exports. Iran's domestic industry is broken. Many businesses were closed. Iran bought grain from the USA. The Shah of Iran tried to speed up the development of the country, to get rid of the difficult economic situation, to settle relations with the West in the life of the country, and to suppress the waves of protests that continued without stopping. For this purpose, on January 23, 1963, a referendum was held on the following 6 draft laws: 1. Land reform. 2. Nationalization of forests. 3. Sale of state plants and factories to finance land reform. 4. Workers' share of the company's profits. 5. Amending the law on parliamentary elections. 6. Creating an "educational corps" to combat illiteracy[8]. The Shah equated the importance of these reforms with the revolution and called it the "white revolution". The average annual growth rate of industrial production was 10-15 percent. As a result of the reform, Iran turned from an agrarian state into an agrarian- industrial state. Women were given equal suffrage with men. Life began to be given a European touch. The country has become a part of the Western world. However, the reform did not improve the standard of living of the people. Because Iranian society was not ready for agrarian reform. Moreover, the reform began to be carried out at a very fast pace. And the mind of the population could not absorb it. Because it is natural that the economic reform will lower the standard of living of the population at first. In addition, the reform made certain sections of the population excessively rich. Tens of millions of people have become increasingly poor. In the eyes of the population, these changes in society were embodied as a rejection of Islamic traditions and a way of life that has been going on for centuries. Popular discontent grew. Anti-People's Secret Police (SAVAK) was established. More than 380,000 Iranians were destroyed in its cellars. This event happened to the priests who were against the reforms based on Western principles from the beginning. In a society in which religious bigotry permeated the minds of the population, it was a great danger for the priests to oppose the existing ruling circles. The Shah's government intensified repression against opposition forces. This situation gave birth to a struggle against the king. The movement was led by the clerics of the Shia stream of Islam. Their leader was the supreme religious figure of Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollo Musavi Khomeini (1898- American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 16, May, 2023 167 | P a g e 1989). He was also subjected to royal repression (1964). He lived in Paris on the eve of the revolution [9]. CONCLUSION A very large part of the population of Iran joined the struggle against the king. Most of the army stopped supporting the king. As a result, on January 16, 1979, the king had to leave the country. On February 11, a general armed uprising began, and the army also went to the side of the rebels. Thus, the revolution won in Iran. This revolution was an Islamic revolution. On February 15, Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Tehran. He was declared the "leader of the Islamic revolution". The priests of the country formed a new government. On April 1, 1979, the official name of the country changed. Now, it is called the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the same time, a new constitution was adopted. The constitution declared Ayatollah Khomeini the supreme political and religious leader of the country for life. Even the president of the country obeyed him. US diplomats were taken hostage in Tehran in 1979 and released after the Iran-US deal in January 1981. In 1980, the country's president and parliament were elected. Non-religious and national parties were banned. REFERENCES: 1. Volk S.S., Levin G.R. The latest history.-Tashkent: Teacher, 1995.-P.46. 2. Rajabov K., Kandov B., Shoymardonov I., Normatov O. Important dates of world history.- Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2011.- P.41. 3. Komilov, O. K. (2021). Modernization History of the Irrigation System in Uzbekistan (In the Example of the Period of Independence). Design Engineering, 6111-6120. 4. Komilov, O. K. (2019). Reclamation of virgin lands in Uzbekistan and its effects (1950- 1970). Spirit Time, (9), 9-11. 5. Martin Baldwin-Edwards. Migration in the Middle East and Mediterranean.-Athens: GCIM, 2005.- P.31. 6. Rajabov K., Kandov B., Shoymardonov I., Normatov O. Important dates of world history.- Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2011.- P.290. 7. Komilov, O. K., & Khamidova, R. F. (2022). Training of expert personnel in the field of irrigation in Uzbekistan (1951-1990). EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD), 7(8), 148-152. 8. Situation Report on International Migration in East and South-East Asia / Regional Thematic Working Group on International Migration including Human Trafficking. – Bangkok: IOM, 2008.- p.111. 9. Situation Report on International Migration in East and South-East Asia / Regional Thematic Working Group on International Migration including Human Trafficking. – Bangkok: IOM, 2008.- p.113.