American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 18, July, 2023 19 | P a g e TIME OF TRANSITION IN UZBEKISTAN AND THE CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY Sadullo Dilmurodovich Kuronov Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philological Sciences, Doctoral Student of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan E-mail: quronov@gmail.com, Phone: 97 745-97-85 Abstract: In the article, the novels "Dinosaur", "Equilibrium", "Bazaar" are analyzed on the basis of the category of the concept of man. It is proved that the writers systematized the philosophical, economic and social factors of the citizen of capitalism and created a new concept of man. It is proved that in these novels for the first time the figure of Homo Economicus is conceptually described, based on the economic and philosophical views of Adam Smith. Keywords: human conception, artistic conception, novel thinking, Uzbek novels, economic man, social man, transitional period. INTRODUCTION Independence gave the Uzbek people not only political and economic freedom, but also, literally, spiritual and spiritual freedom. Indeed, this is a great blessing. However, continuing to live independently is a more complex process than achieving independence. Therefore, it is certain that the first years of Uzbekistan's independence were not easy for our people in all respects. On the one hand, our economy, which was mainly based on agriculture, has reached a state of near bankruptcy, and on the other hand, the society, which united around a single ideology and raised this ideology to the level of its faith, but realized that this "faith" is a lie, has been severely paralyzed spiritually. At the time, the master literary critic Ozod Sharafiddinov assessed this situation as a "boundless tragedy" that has never been observed in the history of mankind [6. p. 53]. The scientist does not use this definition without reason, because the communist ideology, which the Soviet Union relied on, was not just a slogan, but a means of knowing the world for about 300 million people living in this area. That is, the communist ideology was a vital program that determined the way of life, dreams, material needs, ideals and goals of a person. RESEARCH METHODS After independence, the Uzbek society, along with other nations of the Soviet Union, not only lost this vital program, but also realized that it was empty and false. Now they had to live according to the laws of capitalism, which are the complete opposite of socialism, and American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 18, July, 2023 20 | P a g e accordingly redefine their dreams, ideals and goals. This complex process was marked in the new history of Uzbekistan with the name of transition period. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS At this point, we feel the need to distinguish between the historical stage, which is called the transitional period, and the cultural stage, which is called the transitional period literature. Because all the novels of the transitional period do not describe the social-spiritual and cultural evolutions during the transition from one system to another in the society on a large scale. Therefore, it is appropriate to understand the novels of the transitional period only as novels that express the social mood of this period and turn the image of conflicts between the new regime and the individual into their artistic goal. At the center of literature is a person. From this point of view, the most important factor differentiating Shura literature and independent literature can be seen in the interpretation of the individual, in the artistic concept of the person. "The new Uzbek literature of the 20th century," writes Umarali Normatov, "constitutes a special stage in the interpretation of personality." For certain reasons, the literature of the century gave priority to showing the individual as a product of social relations [3. p. 3]”. The person meant by the scientist "as a product of social relations" is a social man (Homo sociologicus). Independent assigned to the creator the task of understanding the new era, defining the status of the individual in capitalist society, his morals, ideals and goals, in a word, creating a new human concept. Artists who felt this deeply created a number of works. The novels "Dinosaur" by Shukur Kholmirzaev, "Bazar" by Khurshid Dustmuhammad and "Balance" by Ulug'bek Hamdam can be mentioned as their most vivid examples. These works are valuable because they examine the transitional period in the context of the novel, create a multidisciplinary artistic model of the society that has entered market relations, and present a holistic artistic concept of the world and human relations. In addition, in these works, for the first time, we meet the economic man (Homo Economicus), who is the opposite of the social man. Economic man [8. p. 130] category is the philosophical basis of capitalism, economy in general. According to him, each individual acts only based on his personal needs and interests and always seeks the maximum benefit. At the moment, this factor characteristic of human nature leads society not to leadership, but, on the contrary, to social balance and justice. After all, the quality of the confectioner's preparation of his products is not due to thinking of people, but because of the desire to gain more profit by gaining their trust. Later, one of the fathers of modern economic theory, Adam Smith, created the theoretical foundations of the category of economic man. He says that when a person acts only in his own interest, this process does not always take place in a conscious way. That is, the "invisible hand" leads a person even to the blessings that he did not aim for, in this way, he brings more benefit in his purposeful actions for the benefit of society" [4. p. 332]. So, when we say economic person, we understand a person who is a slave of his ego and ready to do anything for money. Economic man is also a social man by his essence. Only it is a theory that seeks to achieve social equality through benefit, protecting individual interests more. In American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 18, July, 2023 21 | P a g e this respect, the concept of economic man is opposed to social man (Homo sociologicus). That is, a social person maximally seeks not only his own interest, but also the common good. However, the "fathers" of capitalism emphasize that it is impossible for a person to live for the maximum benefit of the common good. And they build the foundation of capitalism on this very fact, on the basis of human needs. In general, the difference between socialism and capitalism seems clear at this point. The uniqueness of such novels as "Dinosaur", "Muvozanat" ("Equilibrium") and "Bazar" is that in them we witness the gradual evolution of the main character, who was originally a social person, into an economic person in the course of events. The entire meaning of these novels, the arrangement of events like a chain, is subordinated to the image and expression of this evolution, as it were. The novel "Dinosaur" is an unfinished work [5. p.20]. Therefore, we are unable to fully imagine the human concept that is the basis of the novel. However, based on some hints in the first book, it is possible to draw important conclusions about the writer's artistic concept. The main character of the novel Mahkam is honest, sincere and a very talented artist. A communist who believes that art will save the world, that an ideal society will be built on mutual kindness, justice, equality and solidarity. However, he cannot adapt to the capitalist society because of his simplicity and correctness. Because there is no trace of egoism in him. The problem is that, like the "fathers" of capitalism, he sees selfishness not as a factor that ensures the balance of society, but as a vice that leads to decline. Because he sees that the people around him are turning into a bottomless creature because of his ego. But Mahkam begins to study and understand these people, who have gradually adapted to market relations, in any case, he feels an incentive for this work in his heart. Whether he likes it or not, he is doomed to admit that life is built on the law of "man - wolf." However, he does not want to become a full-fledged animal like the others. No matter how questionable the laws of capitalism are, it strives to preserve the most beautiful qualities of humanity. Yusuf, the main character of the novel "Muvozanat", is a historian and scientist. He devoted his whole life to learning and spreading it. A person who put science above all other interests and made it his life's program. He dreams of writing the real history by studying the history of the Turkic peoples [6. p. 60]. However, his life program is incompatible with capitalism. Now he is doomed to search for ways to adapt to the new order - to balance the relationship between spirit and materiality. The peculiarity of the novel “Muvozanat” is that in it a large period, the life of society is integrated into an artistic model. While reading the work, the reader will get to know about the scenes of the transitional period: social, economic, political situation, the past of representatives of different classes and industries, the lifestyle of the young and old, rural and urban residents through this artistic model [2. p. 14]. U. Hamdam builds his artistic concept of the world and man on the basis of four central characters, and contrasts them in the novel. That is, the character, outlook, and life goals of these heroes are drastically different from each other. At the same time, they all have in common that they have lost their vital-spiritual balance. The work aims to show the ways of American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 18, July, 2023 22 | P a g e searching for this broken balance, the evolutions and conclusions of the heroes' psyches along the way. “Muvozanat” is the first novel in our national literature that conceptually expresses the figure of an economic person. That is, in the novel “Muvozanat” for the first time we see a full-blooded economic person instead of a social person who is the goal of social realism. Of course, there are signs of the economic personality in other novels written in that period. But in his novel, U. Hamdam systematized the philosophical, economic, and social foundations of the citizen of capitalism and created a whole new human concept. The novel "Bazar" is another of the works in which scenes of the transition of society from one system to another, social, spiritual and spiritual consequences of the process were written. The hero of the novel, Fozilbek, is a virtuous young man. He knows that justice, honesty, and kindness are rising in the market, that is, in society. He feels that he and his loved ones are not ready for such a new era. Although he sacrifices himself, he tries to reform the "market". How to find ways to remain human in a society built entirely on market relations. According to the principle of description, "Bazar" is fundamentally different from the novels "Dinosaur" and “Muvozanat” that we considered above. That is, it was written not in the traditional realistic style, but in the modernist style, and it was built entirely on the basis of symbolism. In the novel, the image of the market is an artistic model of society, but also of the whole world. In the words of Yozuvchi, "the market is the world". That is, the writer interprets all factors of human existence in an alternative way to the market. Kh. Dustmuhammad while trying to reveal his human concept through the "market" model, first of all looks at this market as a symbol of humanity's special interest: "In this light world there is a living soul that is very similar to each other, has a similar desire, the same desire, the desire unites people, destroys the differences, the market puts the perfect person on the market without burning a single one" [1. p.7]. In the artist's artistic concept, interest is interpreted as a powerful factor that brings people together and unites everyone. This brings the novel closer to the works "Dinosaur" and "Balance". CONCLUSION The author refers to the transitional period and describes this period as "the devil's market". This is the main problem of the work, the writer is worried about the rise of honesty and enlightenment in the society, and vices such as theft and ignorance are increasing. But "is it necessary to turn away from the market because it is sick and has gone off track?" The novel, in its essence, seems to be a work written to find an answer to this question. It seems that the novels "Dinosaur", “Muvozanat”, "Bazar" (Market) are common works both from the artistic and ideological point of view, and from the social point of view. They are united by the image of heroes who are looking for a balance in the relationship between society and personality, spirit and matter, a golden bridge connecting them. These novels are the first work in which a solution was sought in novelistic thinking to questions such as American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 18, July, 2023 23 | P a g e who is a person in the capitalist world, what is his status, what are his life goals and tasks, what are his motivations, and what are the factors that ensure social balance. REFERENCES 1. Дўстмуҳаммад Х. Роман. – Тошкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2021. – 736 б. 2. Қуронов Д. Адабий жараёнда мом синдроми. – Тошкент: Akademnashr, 2010. – 40 б. 3. Норматов У. Энг муҳим муаммо. // “Ўзбекистон адабиёти ва санъати” газетаси, 2003 йил 21 март. 4. Смит А. Исследование о природе и причинах богатства народов. – Москва: Издательство социально-экономической литературы, 1962. – 684 с. 5. Холмирзаев Ш. Динозавр. // “Ёшлик” журнали, 1996. №2,3,4. 6. Ҳамдамов У. Мувозанат. – Тошкент: Шарқ, 2007. – 266 б. 7. Шарафиддинов О. 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