American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 20, Sep., 2023 11 | P a g e THE TREND OF CHANGES IN THE RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE ECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN Ravshanov Malik Naimovich Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor Scientific researcher of Tashkent State transport University Abstract: The article presents the analytical results of changes in the resource potential of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Conclusions on increasing the efficiency of the use of existing resources in the development of the country's economy are presented. Key words: resource, economic resource, power, resource potential, investment, basic funds. Introduction If we look at the history of mankind, we can witness the following situation: according to experts' calculations, energy consumption in the world increased four times in the seventeenth century AD, in the XIX century, it increased by a hundred times, and in the XX century, it increased by a hundred times. Currently, the high rate of growth of the consumption of production raw materials and primary energy-energy materials compared to the available reserves leads to a decrease in the level of resource provision of the world economy. It can be said with confidence that as a result of the economic policy of the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the years of independence, there have been positive changes in the resource consumption of the country's economy. Among the types of economic resources in the traditional classification, the position and importance of the resource that reflects the nation's pride is undoubtedly the land resource. According to the teachings of the founders of the modern economic theory, land resources include cultivated areas, mineral resources, forests, natural reproductive biological resources, etc. The territory of Uzbekistan is 448.9 thousand square kilometers. Most of this area is occupied in agricultural production, and the level of use of land resources used in this area can be explained by the productivity of crops grown in the agricultural sector. The analysis shows that the level of effective use of land resources occupied in the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan has increased significantly over the last 30 years. In order to talk about the effectiveness of the use of land that is not occupied in agriculture, it is appropriate to give a classification of these areas first. There are three reasons why land is not used for agriculture in Uzbekistan: American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 20, Sep., 2023 12 | P a g e firstly, unfavorable natural conditions cause this situation. High mountains, deserts, water bodies, etc. natural barriers limit the possibility of using part of the land for agriculture; secondly, the population's use of land for living purposes leads to a decrease in the amount of land used for agriculture. As a result of the annual growth of the country's population, their living space is expanding; thirdly, the standard of living of the population and economic growth required the mobilization of a part of the land area for the development of material production and infrastructural sectors. The form of the land resource, which is created under the influence of other production factors and is important in the development of the economy, is an energy resource. According to the analysis, the fuel and energy complex of Uzbekistan remains one of the stable operating sectors of the economy. In order to meet the demand for fuel and energy in the country, the export volume is also increasing significantly. It was formed under the influence of factors such as the dynamics of domestic consumption, macroeconomic indicators, structural changes in GDP, and the increase in the efficiency of energy consumption by consumers. However, these gains have come at the expense of resource efficiency. It can be witnessed that the rate of consumption of energy resources is higher than the rate of growth of GDP. The evolutionary development of the world economy shows that in the 50-60s of the last century, the energy consumption rate of many industrialized countries was higher than the GDP growth rate. By the 1970s, the increase in the price of oil and other energy products led to a change in this trend. As a result, the structural change in the economies of developed countries created a new stable trend of energy demand lagging behind GDP growth rates. Although high results have been achieved in the field of use of fuel and energy resources in Uzbekistan, it can be noted that fuel consumption is 3-4 times higher than that of developed countries, 2-2.5 times higher than that of developing countries of South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. The high consumption of energy in the national economy is related to the deterioration of the quality of fixed capital as a result of unfavorable sector changes in the order of energy consumption and the increase in the share of fuel consumption in the production of direct products and services. During the years of economic reforms, the share of the raw materials and mining sector in the fuel-energy composition is high, based on the change in the composition of GDP production. The share of sectors with high energy capacity in the structure of consumption of primary energy resources is 53 percent. The formation of the dynamics of the economy's energy capacity was influenced by a sharp increase in the share of the service sector in the structure of energy consumption. Today, 36 percent of the country's total energy consumption is accounted for by households and utility services. The gross costs of energy services are twice as high as the indicator of developed countries, which is justified by the high energy losses in the process of energy consumption. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 20, Sep., 2023 13 | P a g e According to the results of the calculations, the implementation of structural changes aimed at reducing energy capacity and the development of the recycling network will allow to reduce the energy consumption of GDP by 33-35%. Financial resources included in the classification of resources based on this study can be represented in the form of investments in economic sectors. Investments are considered a necessary resource for solving the problems of structural restructuring of the economy and performing large-scale tasks such as modernization of production capacity. The analysis of the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators in the country (see Table 1 and Figure 1) shows that the growth rate of investments was higher than the growth rate of the gross domestic product, that the increase in the amount of investments ensured, or that the increase in investments increased the volume of the gross domestic product. The structure of the distribution of investments in the republic by forms of ownership is also changing. Starting from 2016, it can be observed that the share of economic entities' own funds in the structure of investments in fixed capital has increased significantly from year to year. In order to determine the extent to which the means of production, which are part of the production factor called "capital" by theorists of the next resource type, are used in the sectors of our country's economy, it is appropriate to perform an analysis of the indicators of the efficiency of the main funds in the sectors of the economy. Changes in gross domestic product and investments in the Republic of Uzbekistan y ea rs GDP, billion soums GDP growth, % Amount of investments Investment growth, billion soums A t th e cu rr en t p ri ce A t th e p ri ce o f 2 0 2 1 co m p ar ed t o l as t y ea r 2 0 0 1 = 1 0 0 % A t th e cu rr en t p ri ce A t th e p ri ce o f 2 0 2 1 co m p ar ed t o l as t y ea r 2 0 0 1 = 1 0 0 % 2001 4925,3 52129,64 100 1320,9 13980,5 100 2002 7450,2 61942,9 118,8 118,8 1526,6 12692,5 90,8 90,8 2003 9837,8 72705,8 117,4 139,5 1978,1 14619,1 115,2 104,6 2004 12189,5 83957,07 115,5 161,1 2629 18107,6 123,9 129,5 2005 15923,4 99073,97 118,0 190,1 3165,2 19693,6 108,8 140,9 2006 20759,3 114202 115,3 219,1 4041 22230,5 112,9 159,0 2007 28175,7 139389,8 122,1 267,4 5903,5 29205,6 131,4 208,9 2008 38969,8 170459,8 122,3 327,0 9555,9 41798,9 143,1 299,0 2009 48097 187340,6 109,9 359,4 12531,9 48812,5 116,8 349,1 2010 61831,2 214457,8 114,5 411,4 15338,7 53201,4 109,0 380,5 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 20, Sep., 2023 14 | P a g e 2011 78764,2 243050,7 113,3 466,2 17953,4 55400,6 104,1 396,3 2012 97929,3 270053,9 111,1 518,0 24455,3 67439,0 121,7 482,4 2013 120862 298383,3 110,5 572,4 30490,1 75273,7 111,6 538,4 2014 144868 327817,7 109,9 628,9 37646,2 85188,5 113,2 609,3 2015 171808 358322,1 109,3 687,4 44810,4 93456,4 109,7 668,5 2016 199325 382087,7 106,6 733,0 51232,0 98207,04 105,1 702,5 2017 249136 419289,6 109,7 804,3 72155,2 121435,4 123,7 868,6 2018 407514 583690 139,2 1119,7 124231,3 177938,8 146,5 1272,8 2019 511838 640275,3 109,7 1228,2 195927,3 245092,1 137,7 1753,1 2020 580200 642862,4 100,4 1233,2 202000,1 223816,4 91,3 1600,9 2021 734600 734600,9 114,3 1409,2 245000,0 245000,3 109,5 1752,4 According to the data (see Table 1), the amount of fixed assets in the republic's economy has had a tradition of continuous growth in recent years. In this case, the increase in the value of fixed assets in the transport system has consistently increased compared to other sectors. According to the analyzes presented in the table and figures, the total value of the main funds in the economic sectors in 2021 has increased sharply compared to 1996, and has become consistent with the growth rates of the country's gross domestic product. Changes in the amount of added value and basic funds in the branches of the economy of Uzbekistan, billion soums Тт № Indicators 1996 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1. Gross domestic product, incl 559,1 3255,6 15923,4 62388,3 77750,6 120242 144548,3 177153,9 210183,1 242495,5 302536,8 406648,5 510117,2 580203,2 734642,4 1.1. industry 99,7 462,4 3370,9 14882,5 18632 20462,7 25388,7 32136,7 38466,6 45397,9 59570,4 95803,9 136103,2 152728 166015,4 1.2. Agriculture and 125,4 978,5 4192,8 11226 13685,2 36954,6 42636,8 53613,2 64680,3 74779 90983,9 113660,7 130306,9 151251 157301 1.3. construction 46,1 196,2 771,1 4033,5 4714,2 5601,4 7258,2 9098,2 11382,6 13148 15228,6 22101,1 30595,44 37488,5 40037,74 1.4. transport and communication 37,7 250,6 1676,7 7181,9 9129,9 11911 14609,1 17003,8 19158,2 21113 25305,5 30616 36630,4 38531,5 45158,97 2. The initial (restoration) value of fixed assets in sectors of the economy (by the end of the year) - total 490,1 3887,6 25693,4 85912 х 123707,6 147794,5 179854,8 203595,7 254565,1 309746 705020 833577,3 973990,9 1162788 2.1. industry 180,8 638,8 9133,5 25454,1 х 38718,1 48608,9 58961,6 68185,6 94809,8 115516,5 169675,4 221267,5 282254 354306,3 2.2. Agriculture 98,7 482,8 3809,8 8935,1 х 12072,8 14107,4 17226,4 19690,7 25961,1 32784,1 44499 53730,1 68257,8 82461,7 2.3. construction 18,2 38,5 284,9 2478,8 х 2431,9 3197,4 4639,5 5797,6 7517,9 8763,5 12553,1 17277,9 20797,1 32396,9 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 20, Sep., 2023 15 | P a g e 2.4. transport 51,4 324,6 3838,8 13612,8 х х х х х 42380,5 51579,8 70013,8 83375,5 93026,1 107066,4 2.5. communication 6,8 42,7 608,6 3157,1 х х х х х 8732,5 10520,2 15945,1 18625,2 21371,5 24805,2 3. Depreciation coefficient of fixed assets in economic sectors (%) - total х 14,1 38 35,7 х 37,1 37,2 37 38,5 35,9 34,9 29,6 30,4 29,3 26,7 3.1. industry х 33,3 46,6 39,6 х 39,4 38,5 38,2 38,6 35,7 35,5 35,8 34,3 33,2 30,4 3.2. Agriculture х 24,6 29,2 37 х 36,3 33,6 32,6 29,5 24,4 22,4 16,5 14,5 14,9 14,7 3.3. construction х 32,1 45,9 23,9 х 40,6 39,7 40,5 40,7 39 38,1 38,8 34 31,4 28,2 3.4. transport х 18,8 35 28,9 х х х х х 39,05 39,8 44,2 44,6 46 43,1 3.5. communication х 23,2 37,2 35,3 х х х х х 56,6 59 61 60,1 61 56,6 It can be noted that the level of wear and tear of the main funds has different appearance in the economic sectors. In industry, this figure has remained almost unchanged, while in transport, it has more than doubled in 25 years. This, in turn, means that the capital depreciation tradition in the transport system is high. It is possible to witness that the share of the main funds by sectors during this period underwent a sharp change only in 2000. In the last year of the analysis period, it can be observed that the share of transport in the overall economic indicator decreased significantly (from 16.6% in 2016 to 9.2% in 2021). Based on the above analysis of changes in resource consumption in the country, the following conclusions were reached: firstly, for Uzbekistan in recent years there has been an increase in the consumption of economic resources, which corresponds to stable economic growth rates; secondly, changes in the consumption of fuel and energy resources, which are of decisive importance in the development of economic sectors, indicate that the resource capacity of the country's economy is decreasing; thirdly, the increasing share of enterprise funds in the composition of investments spent on fixed capital indicates that a stable induced investment environment is forming in the economy; fourthly, while noting that the positive trends in the change of resource consumption of our country's economy make it possible to further increase the economic potential of the whole economy, including the transport complex, it was found that the level of wear and tear of the main funds in the complex is increasing. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 20, Sep., 2023 16 | P a g e List of Used Literature 1. Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated December 2, 2022 No. PQ-436 "On measures to increase the effectiveness of reforms aimed at the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a "green" economy by 2030". 2. 2. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 4, 2023 No. PQ- 108 "On measures to expand scientific approaches in the implementation of economic reforms and further improve the system of training management personnel". 3. Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 4, 2019 No. PQ- 4477 "On approval of the strategy of the transition to the "green" economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the period 2019-2030". 4. Machold, S., and Farquhar, S. (2013). Board task evolution: a longitudinal field study in the UK. Corp. Govern. 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