American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 10 | P a g e THE CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION AND ITS ESSENCE, CONFLICTS Kudratillo Yunisov Researcher of Andizhan State University, Republic of Uzbekistan ABSTRACT: In the article, the concept of globalization and its essence, modern forms of globalization, processes of globalization, conflicts are covered in detail with the help of information from scientific literature. Keywords: globalization, process, conflict, form, essence, states, nations. Introduction At the present time, all the societies existing in the socio-cultural space of the world are involved in the rapidly expanding globalization process, and they are manifesting themselves as a huge global system. The researchers of the field are conducting research on problems such as the origin of globalization, development trends of countries and nations involved in globalization, modern conflicts of globalization, modern forms of globalization and the emergence of its new forms. RESEARCH METHODS Globalization and the formation of a common world history are interrelated processes. From a philosophical point of view, thoughts about the unity of the universe, the formation of common history Polybius' thoughts about the emergence of "General History" can be a methodological basis for the study of globalization. The emergence of globalization as an objective process in the world was also influenced by the formation of world religions. Because the single religious ideas influenced the formation of morals, spirituality, and lifestyle common to many people. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Uzbek scientists O. Ata-Mirzaev, V. Gentshke, R. Murtazaeva also emphasize that globalization is an ancient phenomenon: "Ancient empires as polyethnic states are the first examples of globalization. People speaking different languages, belonging to different races and cultures lived side by side in them. ... The Achaemenid interregional world empire was considered the first example of globalization, and it partially occupied the territories of three regions - Asia, Africa and Europe. The Achaemenid state was divided into satraps. According to Herodotus, the regions of Central Asia belonged to the XI, XII, XV satraps" [1]. The development of civilizations and the Renaissance accelerated the emergence of globalization. The Arab thinker Ibn Khaldun's theory of civilization (umran) [2] can be one of the methodological bases for the correct understanding of the problem of globalization. Among the European thinkers, T. Mor's "Utopia", T. Campanella's "City of the Sun" stated that the goals and ideals of mankind are American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 11 | P a g e similar, O. Spengler's "Fading of the European Sun", A. Toynbee's "Research on History" spoke about civilization, its types and formation. ideas can also be applied to the study of the process of globalization that occurred as a result of the formation of the general history of the world. In recent years, many scientific studies on the process of globalization have been carried out in Uzbekistan. The analysis of globalization by researchers means that it remains an urgent problem affecting all spheres of society and human life. Researchers have carried out a number of scientific and philosophical researches from the point of view of the main negative aspects of globalization and various processes taking place in the context of globalization, the fact that globalization leads to the transformation of national socio-cultural life, lifestyle, and values. Within the framework of our research, in contrast to the approaches mentioned above, attention is focused on the conflicting aspects of globalization and its results, that is, the positive impact on the development of countries and nations that have joined the globalization process in some areas. It focuses on problems such as modernization, democracy, innovation, the spread of advanced technological innovations, and the creation of opportunities for development in the field of information and communication technologies. Of course, in this research work, attention is focused on the analysis of the scientific research carried out earlier by the scientists of Uzbekistan on globalization. In particular, scientist S. Otamuratov who made a great contribution to the creation of the philosophy of globalization in Uzbekistan. Otamuratov's globalization and its impact on national development, the manifestation of national identity in the conditions of globalization, A. Begmatov's conflicts of modern globalization and its impact on the spiritual sphere and spiritual development of society, the introduction of innovations as a result of globalization, F. Yuldasheva's characteristics of spiritual renewal in the era of globalization, national and global spirituality, globalization and civilization, transformation of values, U.Saidov Eastern and Western civilization and their communication, B.Umarov essence and contradictions of globalization, Z.Kadirova the influence of globalization on the education of young people and the education of tolerance among them have analyzed scientific and philosophical problems [3]. In the scientific literature created on the problem of globalization, its forms are described as follows: political, economic, cultural, ecological, informational globalization. Military, information- communicative, spiritual, religious-ethical forms of globalization can be added to this series. It is natural that the expansion and deepening of globalization will bring about its new forms. By the 20th century, the emergence of theories of industrial and later post-industrial society, the theory of open society also made a certain contribution to the study of globalization. Because industrial and post-industrial societies cannot develop without mutual economic relations. The open society defined by Karl Popper is in fact a globalizing society. A great deal of research is being done on the study of globalization by scholars in various fields. Globalization is analyzed in economic, political, historical, philosophical and other directions. In scientific-philosophical and other literature, it is widely believed that the concept of "globalization" was introduced into scientific circulation by the members of the Club of Rome. But according to our observations, the concept of "globalization" was first used by K. Marx in his letter American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 12 | P a g e to F. Engels in the late 1850s: "Now there really is a world market. Globalization took place with the entry of California and Japan into the world market" [4]. Globalization has been described by researchers based on different approaches and many definitions have been given. In our opinion, the definition given by the French scientist B. Bundy to globalization is unique and fully expresses its characteristics. According to the scientist, globalization takes place in three stages: "Globalization is a continuous historical process; globalization - the process of world hegemony and universalization; globalization is the process of "washing away" of national borders" [5]. K. Omae, a professor at Harvard Business School, has a unique approach to globalization. In his book "World Without Borders", the formation of the global market has created globalization, and the EU, the US and Japan play an important role in it and defines the nature of the huge global market. S. Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations?" According to his article, civilization is an important factor of historical development. In the context of globalization, civilizations interact. The expansion and rise of globalization may lead to a clash of civilizations in the future. Scientists of Uzbekistan are paying great attention to the problem of globalization. Because the problem of globalization does not lose its relevance in the context of the world acquiring the features of a huge single world and the connection of all social phenomena to all social entities, on the contrary, it is becoming a more important problem. The reason for this is the increasing integration of states and nations in all spheres. In this regard, our scientists are conducting a number of scientific studies. In particular, a number of philosophical works were created that analyzed the impact of globalization on the spiritual sphere [7]. We will quote some of the definitions of globalization by Uzbek scientists. According to S. Otamuratov, globalization is a process that covers the economic, political, cultural and spiritual spheres of society and has a revolutionary nature. "We look at "globalization" as a process and, at the same time, recognizing that it is an "abstract" concept, we mean that science, technology, technology is highly developed from the point of view of the present time and is becoming material wealth with its rapid popularization in the world"[ 8]. According to the scientist, globalization is a process that has a negative effect on national spirituality and leads to its decay. causes negative effects. "More precisely, under the strong pressure of highly developed countries, it is a manifestation of the unity of nations, countries and regions in all fields" [9]. A. Begmatov expresses the following opinion: "If we want to give a brief definition of globalization, it can be called the increase of interaction and dependence between the economy, culture, spirituality, and people of different countries"[10]. Professor A. Kadirov believes that globalization has arisen as a result of the progress of science and technology [11]. U. Saidov states that "... today, globalization can be described as an objective and natural process in the life of mankind, which is forming a "world society" that denies national and state borders" [12]. According to some scholars, the theories of globalization and approaches to it are different, so they emphasize that it is difficult to give a single definition of globalization [13]. Some of our scientists associate globalization with democratic processes. According to them, "Democratization has strengthened the phenomenon of globalization in parallel with itself. Because American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 13 | P a g e the convergence of states, nations, regions based on the same principles, and the fact that many similar sides are found in their practice is a general rule. ... Ideally, globalization and democracy are in the interests of all peoples and states, large and small, and thus it leads all states to progress and solidarity”[14]. As society becomes more free, it tends to globalization. Since the essence of these two processes are close to each other, globalization brings freedom to society. According to the researchers who consider globalization as an objective process, it is "... an objective process, the emergence of new international organizations and international cooperation that arose as a result of the development of their activities as a result of the expansion of interconnection and cooperation between the countries of the world" [15]. When describing globalization, K. Kh. Khanazarov emphasized that it is an objective process: "Globalization is a qualitatively new stage in world development. It is the result of the development of production forces, science and technology, and society to new indicators Russian scientists are conducting many scientific researches regarding the scientific-theoretical research of globalization. In this field, it is necessary to note separately the activities of the Scientific Research Center of the Faculty of Global Studies of Moscow State University and the UNESCO Chair "Philosophy and Dialogue of Cultures". A.N. Chumakov, who researches issues such as features of global processes and modern trends, dynamics of globalization in this field. It is necessary to recognize the Chumakov school. A scientific-theoretical magazine "Vek globalizatsii" dedicated to the study of modern global processes was established by this unique research center and it has been published since 2008. It is necessary to recognize another Russian scientist I.A. Vasilenko and his school, who conducts a number of scientific studies on globalization and the dialogue of civilizations. Our Russian colleagues have created monographs dedicated to the study of various aspects of this problem [17]. For example, I.V. Zalepukhina focused on the dialectical essence of globalization. Globalization: "In practice - a process and a result that has emerged and is developing, formed and in a state of growth. Among other processes, globalization is characterized by immutability and change, development, dialectics. A certain level of internationalization and integration corresponds to each stage of development” [18]. I.A. Vasilenko takes a new approach to globalization and describes it as a process dependent on civilization, and thinks that civilization is the result of globalization and, on the contrary, globalization is the result of the dialogue of civilizations and the dialogue of cultures. In his opinion, the essence of globalization is determined by the emergence and resolution of ethno-confessional, geopolitical, ecological, moral and cultural problems as a result of the dialogue of civilizations. Russian scientists have expressed different ideas about the emergence of the era of globalization. In particular, A.I. Utkin defines globalization in the 19th - 20th centuries, researcher V.G. Fedotova "The first steps of globalization were related to the 19th century, the transformation of history into the history of the whole world, but the globalization of the 19th century took place as a result of the primary modernization process that took place in the West." [19], they know that. Economist Yu.V. Yakovets, who has created many scientific works devoted to the problem of globalization, believes that it is necessary to study this process as a central problem of the 21st century, i.e. from demographic, natural-ecological, technological, economic, geopolitical and socio- American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 14 | P a g e cultural aspects. In order to prevent a clash of civilizations in the context of globalization, it is necessary to develop a strategy of cooperation between states and civilizations and mechanisms for its implementation [20]. In our opinion, this approach is methodologically incorrect. Because "Any civilization serves development based on the system of religious, scientific, moral and aesthetic values. They have more potential for creativity, forwardness and goodness than destructive potential. Civilizations of this essence do not clash. On the contrary, they interact, communicate and complement and enrich each other. Such communication can become negative only as a result of the intervention of subjects in accordance with their own interests and actions contrary to the goals of others. So, the problem is related to how the activities of the entities are carried out." Within the framework of the problem of globalization, it is possible to list several currents that express their attitude to it. These are: globalism, anti-globalism, mondialism, liberalism, neoliberalism, radicalism, modernism, postmodernism, westernization, nomadism, etc. Scientific studies related to the specific development of historical national culture, values and traditions in the era of globalization and forecasting of this process are carried out by the Research Center of Socio-Cultural Cooperation Integration and Globalization operating in Belarus. From a dialectical point of view, globalization reflects the generality of social existence and socio-economic processes occurring in it for the peoples of the world. Various social processes, economic relations, cultural interactions, emergence of information, communication technologies, achievements in the field of science and technology have an equal impact on the lives of different countries and the peoples and nations living in them. As a result of this, some social entities are accelerating their development, while others are facing social conflicts. The conflicting nature of globalization is clearly reflected in this. Developing countries are obliged to enter into social relations with other countries and nations like themselves. This is a requirement for progress. Globalization is reflected in all elements, events and processes of existence. Globalization is present in all spheres of society, its dynamics, culture, values and even ideals, and the impact of this objective process on society and man is becoming more and more intense. Until recent times, globalization was realized as a high stage of the natural integration of mankind, but today this process requires the existence of a whole huge system connecting all peoples, societies, countries and states on Earth. Globalization is a process that has a very contradictory nature, according to the recognition of most scientists. It reflects unexpected dynamics and twists, forcing the societies involved or involved in this process to respond to the challenges that globalization brings in their social life. Because there are no social entities that do not participate in the process of globalization or are not involved in it. Some of the countries are leading in this process based on their economic and social capabilities, others are developing under the influence of globalization and trying to participate in it, while others are dependent on the countries that lead globalization. On the one hand, the process of globalization brings great opportunities for the development of all societies, while others are living under different conditions and pressures of large countries. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 15 | P a g e CONCLUSION Globalization is the highest stage of integration processes in human history. As a result, the world forms a huge global system, in which integration processes are becoming dynamic. There are no social subjects left outside of globalization. The effect of the event happening in one part of the world is certainly happening in another part. Until now, states and nations have never been so strongly connected and sought to do so. The process of globalization under study is objective and legitimate. But this objective process cannot be realized without the participation and activity of subjects. As of now, as a result of the intervention of various entities based on their own interests in globalization, this process is becoming more and more artificial. REFERENCES 1. Ата-Мирзаев О., Гентшке В., Муртазаева Р. Межнациональная толерантность в Узбекистане: история и современность. -Тошкент: Университет, 2004.- С.53. 2. Очерки истории арабской культуры V-ХV в.в. Главная редакция восточной литературы.- Москва: Наука, 1982. –С.323. 3. Бегматов А. Маънавият фалсафаси ёхуд Ислом Каримов асарларида янги фавлсафий тизимнинг яратилиши. -Тошкент: Шарқ, 2000; Маънавият фалсафаси. 2-китоб.-Тошкент, 2006; Маънавий тарбия. -Тошкент.: Akademiya, 2006; Соифназаров И. Маънавий баркамоллик ва сиёсий маданият. -Тошкент: Шарқ, 2001; Умаров Б., Жаббаров Ш. Глобаллашув шароитида маънавий тарбия муаммолари. -Тошкент.: Akademiya, 2011; Отамуратов С. Миллий ривожланиш фалсафаси.-Тошкент.: Akademiya, 2006; Глобаллашув ва миллий-маънавий хавфсизлик (сиёсий-фалсафий таҳлил).-Тошкент: Ўзбекистон, 2013; Глобаллашув:миллатни асраш масъулияти (сиёсий-фалсафий қирралари).-Тошкент: Ozbekiston, 2018; Саидов У. Глобаллашув ва маданиятлараро мулоқот. –Тошкент: Akademiya, 2006; Эркаев А. Дузовность- энергия независимости. –Тошкент: Маънавият, 1998; Тафаккур эркинлиги -Тошкент: Маънавият, 2007; Қодиров А. Анъанавий жамият ва уни модернизациялаштириш стратегияси.-Тошкент: 2006; Қўчқоров В. Миллий ўзликни англаш ва ижтимоий-сиёсий жараёнлар.-Тошкент: Akademiya, 2007. 4. ru.wikipedia.org 5. Бегматов А.Маънавият фалсафаси. 2-китоб.- Тошкент, 2006.-Б.57-58. 6. Умаров Б. Глобаллашув зиддиятлари.- Тошкент: Академия, 2006; Бегматов А. Маънавият фалсафаси. 2-китоб. –Тошкент,2006; Умаров Б. Глобаллашув зиддиятлари.-Тошкент: Маънавият, 2006; Саидов У. Глобаллашув ва маданиятлараро мулоқот. –Тошкент:Академия, 2008; Қодиров А.Анъанавий жамият ва уни модернизациялаштириш стратегияси.-Тошкент: ТДЮИ, 2006; Очилдиев А. Глобаллашув ва мафкуравий жараёнлар.-Тошкент: Муҳаррир, 2009; Aminova M., Roziqulova M. Globallashuv asoslari.-Toshkent:Fan va texnologiya nashriyoti, 2016; Пахрутдинов Ш.И., Жўраев Т.А. ва бошқалар. Миллий манфаатлар ва бошқарув масъулияти. Огоҳлик ва ҳушёрлик тамойиллари (Тажрибавий қўлланма).-Тошкент: Ғафур Ғулом номидаги нашриёт-матбаа ижодий уйи, 2008; Глобаллашув ва миллий-маънавий хавфсизлик (сиёсий-фалсафий таҳлил).-Тошкент: OZBEKISTON, 2013. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 21, October, 2023 16 | P a g e 7. Бегматов А. Маънавият фалсафаси ёхуд Ислом Каримов асарларида янги фалсафий тизимнинг яратилиши. -Тошкент: Шарқ, 2000; Маънавият фалсафаси. 2-китоб.-Тошкент: 2006; Маънавий тарбия. –Тошкент:Akademiya, 2006; Соифназаров И. Маънавий баркамоллик ва сиёсий маданият. -Тошкент: Шарқ, 2001; Умаров Б., Жаббаров Ш. Глобаллашув шароитида маънавий тарбия муаммолари. -Тошкент.: Akademiya, 2011; С.Отамуратов. Миллий ривожланиш фалсафаси. -Тошкент:Akademiya, 2006; Садулла Отамуратов, Сарвар Отамуратов. Ўзбекистонда маънавий-руҳий тикланиш. -Тошкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2003; Саидов У. Глобаллашув ва маданиятлараро мулоқот.-Тошкент: Akademiya, 2006; Эркаев А. Духовность - энергия независимости.-Тошкент: Маънавият, 1998; Тафаккур эркинлиги - Тошкент: Маънавият, 2007; Қўчқоров В. Миллий ўзликни англаш ва ижтимоий-сиёсий жараёнлар.-Тошкент: Akademiya, 2007. 8. Отамуратов С.Глобаллашув:миллатни асраш маъсулияти (сиёсий-фалсафий қирралари).- Тошкент: O’zbekiston, 2018.-Б.70. 9. Отамуратов С.Глобаллашув ва миллат (сиёсий-фалсафий таҳлил).-Тошкент: Янги аср авлоди, 2008. –Б.19. 10. Бегматов А.. Маънавият фалсафаси. 2-китоб. -Тошкент, 2006. –Б.57. 11. Қодиров А. Анъанавий жамият ва уни модернизациялаштириш стратегияси.-Тошкент: ТДЮИ, 2006.-Б.90 12. Саидов У. Глобаллашув ва маданиятлараро мулоқот. –Тошкент: Академия, 2008.- Б.9. 13. Умаров Б.Глобаллашув зиддиятлари.-Тошкент: Маънавият, 2006.-Б.9-10. 14. Пахрутдинов Ш.И., Т.Жураев ва бошқалар. Миллий манфаатлар ва бошқарув масъулияти. Огоҳлик ва ҳушёрлик тамойиллари. (Тажрибавий қўлланма) -Тошкент: Ғафур Ғулом номидаги нашриёт-матбаа ижодий уйи, 2008.-Б.179. 15. Aminova M., Roziqulova M. Globallashuv asoslari.-Toshkent. Fan va texnologiya nashriyoti, 2016.-B.6. 16. Ханазаров К.Х. К проблеме философии языка.-Тошкент: Узбекистан, 2007. – С.6. 17. Василенко И.А. Политическая глобалистика. –Москва: Логос; Гудожник Г.С., Елисеева В.С. Глобальные проблемы в истории человечества. - Москва.: Мысль, 1989; Глобальные проблемы и общечеловеческие ценности. - Москва: Прогресс, 2000; Иноземцев В. За пределами экономического общества. – Москва: Академия, 1998; Яковец Ю.В. Глобализация и взаимодействие цивилизаций.Изд.2-е.- Москва: Экономика, 2003. 18. Зелепухина И.В. Национальное в контексте глобализации. Дисс.на соискание ученой степени кандидата философских наук. – Москва, 2004. 19. Федотова В.Г. Россия, Запад, Восток.//Философские науки.-Москва, 2002. № 1. –С.26. 20. Яковец Ю.В. Глобализация и взаимодействие цивилизаций.Экономика.-Москва: Экономика, 2003.-С.3-82; 270-392.