American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 22, November, 2023 57 | P a g e SYNONYMOUS FEATURES OF LEXICAL UNITS DENOTING EMOTIONAL STATE IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES Gulmira Akramjonovna Turdieva PhD Student of Fergana State University Annotation It is known that synonyms are one of the tools that serve to increase the richness of speech and its effectiveness. Appropriate use of synonyms increases the effectiveness and brightness of the speech. On the contrary, their inappropriate and aimless use creates nonsense in the speech. This paper widely presents synonymous features of lexical units denoting emotional state in English and Uzbek languages Keywords: emotional state, emotional coloring, emotional-expressiveness, lexical units, synonym, synonymous feature, gradation phenomenon. Introduction Humanity experiences various emotional states during the life. Under the influence of such emotional states, he or she reacts to the external and internal world to show emotions and feelings in different ways (Turdiyeva, 2023). An emotion conscious experience that includes enjoyable and painful activities (Panksepp, 2005) The phenomenon of synonymy is one of the factors that determine the richness of the language. Synonymy is especially important for stylistics, which is its most important category, expressiveness, emotionality. Where there is synonymy, it is possible to sort and choose. Where there is synonymy, the idea can be expressed clearly, expressively, figuratively, colorfully. The phenomenon of synonymy exists between both lexical units and syntactic units. This is an extremely important opportunity for the communicative function of the language, as well as for the aesthetic and stylistic function (Abdullayev, 1987). As M.Mirtojiyev pointed out, the main condition for more than one word to be mutually synonymous is the sameness, exact sameness, closeness or similarity of meaning in them. That is, the semantic relationship of words in synonymy is the main condition that defines it. In this regard, a linguist divides synonyms into two types: 1) synonyms based on the exact sameness of the meaning of words, that is, absolute synonyms; 2) synonyms based on the general similarity of the meaning of words, that is, semantic synonyms. Issues such as the proximity and similarity of words are defined in semantic synonyms (Mirtojiyev, 2010). Synonyms can be differentiated according to their emotional coloring . Some of the words in the synonymous line may have an emotional color, and some may not have an emotional color. For example, the English words sociable and easygoing are synonymous words. The word sociable does not have an emotional connotation, whereas easygoing does. Also , big, American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 22, November, 2023 58 | P a g e large, tremendous; like, love, worship; The words tremendous, worship, girlie in the synonymous lines girl, girlie have a stronger emotionality and imagery compared to the words large, like, girl . For existance: She was a big woman, in stature almost equaling her husband. (She was a tall woman almost as tall as her husband ) (Jane Eyre, 357) Their party in the dining-room was large, for almost all the Lucases came to meet Maria and hear the news (Pride and prejudice, 50) There had been a great tornado a few days before, and the tremendous damage was still very much in evidence. (A Hoosier Holiday, 502 ) It can be seen from the given examples that the author's emotional state is clearly visible in the sentence with the word tremendous. Uzbek words kambag’al and qashshoq are synonyms. the meaning of the words is poor. Here, the word kambag’al does not have an emotional color, and the word qashshoq has an emotional color. I.R.Galperin divided words stylistically into three groups: literary (literary), neutral (neutral) and colloquial words (Galperin, 1971). Let's pay attention to this synonymous line: parent-father-dad. Father is stylistically neutral, parent is literary, and dad is colloquial. As can be seen from the given synonymy line, we can easily call the words characteristic of the speech style as words with emotional coloring. Also, the words horse, steed, gee-gee mean the same meaning , but they differ from each other in terms of stylistic coloring and emotional expressiveness. In this synonymous line , horse is a neuter word, steed is a word characteristic of poetic speech, gee-gee is a neutral word in children's speech, and an emotional-expressive word in adult colloquial speech. Stylistic reference and emotive charge of words are closely connected and to a certain degree interdependent. As a rule, stylistically colored words, words belonging to all stylistic layers except the neutral style are observed to possess a considerable emotive charge. That can be proven by comparing stylistically labeled words with their neutral synonyms. The colloquial words daddy , mammy are more emotional than the neutral father, mother; the slang words mum , bob are undoubtedly more expressive than their neutral counterparts silent, shilling, the poetic yon and steed carry a noticeably heavier emotional charge than their neutral synonyms there and horse . Words of neutral style, however, may also differ in the degree of emotional charge. We see that the words large, big, tremendous, although equally neutral as to their stylistic reference are not identical as far as their emotional charge is concerned (Ginzburg, 1979). Thus, words with stylistic coloring, that is, words belonging to all stylistic layers except neutral words, have a significant emotional meaning. This can be proved by comparing stylistically colored words with neutral words. For example, the colloquial words daddy, mummy are derived from the neutral words father, mother , the slang words mum, bob are neutral synonyms from the words silent, shilling, and the words yon, steed in poetic speech neutral counterparts have emotional-expressiveness compared to the words here, horse . In American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 22, November, 2023 59 | P a g e particular, as we noted above, the words large, big, and tremendous differ from each other in terms of emotional expressiveness. As Abdullayev A. pointed out, the speaker (author) should achieve that when composing a sentence, both his most sensitive moods and his subjective attitude to existence are fully expressed in his speech. Synonyms have these possibilities (Abdullayev, 1988). In fact, each word in the line of synonyms has its own place in our speech, especially the presence of emotional-expressive words among them creates an opportunity for more expressive, bright and effective expression of our thoughts. Another important feature of synonyms is the ability to show a degree of sign, in which the meaning of words in a synonymous line changes consistently, that is, it increases or decreases. This phenomenon is called gradation phenomenon in linguistics. This phenomenon in synonymy is considered as one of the effective possibilities in creating emotion, emotional-expressiveness in speech. For example, the meaning of the synonyms of the words see - look, sight, watch, gaze, stare, glance in the English language changes one after another and becomes polished with emotional expressiveness. In the Uzbek language, the word "ayriliq" is dominant in the synonymy of ayriliq - judolik - hijron and it means a lower level of the sign compared to others. The word judolik is more emotional than ayriliq, but less emotional than hijron. Let's consider this phenomenon using examples from works of art: We see it every day before our eyes in studying at home. (Pride and Prejudice, 53) She glances up at him, and chatters like a wren: she likes him better than she does Mr. Eochester. (Jane Eyre, 210) The company all stared at me as I passed straight among them. (Jane Eyre, 247) Asta qo‘l cho'zib, uning tashvishlarda, ayriliqlarda, azoblarda oqargan sochlarini silay boshladi. He slowly reached out and stroked her hair, which was white from worries, deprivations, and sufferings (Jimjitlik, 236) Jayrona qirq yil deganda topgan baxtidan judolik iztirobida qovurilardi. Jayrona was suffering from the pain of separation from the happiness she found in forty years.(Jimjitlik, 247) Ko'nglim aytur, sevgi domiga asir tayyoraman, Der ko‘zim, hijron tuni zor yiglamoqdin qoraman. My heart says I am captive in the world of love, my eyes are black from crying in the night of Hijran. (O’zbegim, El netib topg’ay meni, 238) As can be seen from these examples, emotional coloring is increasing one after the other in the sentences formed with the help of words taken from the synonymous line. In this paper we have analysed synonymous features of words expressing emotions in English and Uzbek vocabulary. Emotional coloring words play an important role in the language as a linguistic structure that expresses the process of speech in its own tone and form. Also, the role of their synonymous features is incomparable in making the speech lively and complete, more clear and understandable to the listener. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 22, November, 2023 60 | P a g e References: 1.Panksepp, J. (2005). Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 30-80. 2.Galperin, I. (1971) Stylistics, 62-118. 3.Ginzburg, R. (1979) A course in modern English lexicology, 22. 4.Abdullayev , A. (1983) Expression of expressiveness in the Uzbek language,35. 5. Abdullayev, A. (1987) Syntactic method of expressiveness in Uzbek language, 69. 6. Mirtojiyev, M. (2010) Semasiology of the Uzbek language. Mumtoz So’z, 189 7.Turdiyeva G. (2022) The interpretation of emotional expressiveness in English and Uzbek languages. Web of scientist: International scientific research journal, 3(12), 51-55. 8. Turdiyeva G. (2023) Structural features of lexical units expressing emotions in Uzbek and English languages. Research Jet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 4(6), 65-69.