American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 282 | P a g e “THE OATHS” REFLECT SOCIAL RELATIONS Saminjonov Mukhammadali Teacher of the Department of English at the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Fergana State University Abstract: In the article, the use of field oaths in social fields, its essence, the role of scientists in studying this field in linguistics, the differences of oaths from each other in terms of fields are presented. Keywords: industry, communication, social, communication, linguistics, work, activity, profession, support, structure, difference. Introduction The phenomenon of unconventional perception of a language sign is a psychological and semiotic mechanism based on a fideistic attitude to language (Latin fides - faith). Fideistic communication, connected with the human aspiration to influence the world with the help of transcendental possibilities of the word, is realized in certain genre forms1. The genre of oaths occupies a special place among speech genres inseparably connected with fideistic communication. The question of genre boundaries of the established forms of fideistic communication requires separate scientific consideration. It is known that in the process of swearing an oath of allegiance - an oath in the name of God, an oath - a solemn promise, a commitment made from religious motives, a promise not to do something, an oath to be faithful, any obligation, actions in accordance with the law2 are the main goals. In this case, the predicate "I swear" has one active place than the predicates "promise" and "assure". This active place may be occupied by some "subject", a "person" who acts as a witness to the oath and guarantor of its fulfillment. Witnessing is often accomplished by divine powers that transcend time and alter earthly conditions, because the effect of the vow almost always transcends the present3. The name of God, who is the sole witness to the vow, is a major component of the vow formula: "I swear in the name of the physician Apollo, Asclepius, Hygieia and Panacea, and all the gods and goddesses, to be witnesses of them and I fulfill them honestly, to the best of my ability and reason, by the following oath and written undertaking" (The Hippocratic Oath, 1936)4; "I swear in the name of Apollo the Healer, Asclepius, Health, Healing All, and all gods and goddesses, that I will fulfill this oath to the 1 Клятва как фидеистический речевой жанр. http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15575241 2 Клятва как фидеистический речевой жанр http://revolution.allbest.ru/languages/00269951_0.html 3 Karabykov A.V. “So the man gave names”: the strategies of reconstitution of the Adamic language in Renaissance culture., 2014. -№5. 4 https://andrology.uz/site/maqola?id=13 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 283 | P a g e best of my ability and reason" (The Hippocratic Oath, 1924)5; "Therefore God help me" (U.S. Presidential Oath, 1787. )6. The magical responsibility of the oath is reinforced by the appearance of retribution (retribution) for failure to fulfill the promise: "May he who fulfills the oath inviolably give me happiness and eternal glory in life and art; may the reverse be true" (The Hippocratic Oath, 1936); "If I keep this oath and do not break it, may I enjoy life and art, find eternal glory among all mankind; be my destiny" (The Hippocratic Oath, 1943); "If I keep this oath, may I enjoy life and practice arts that are respected by all and always; if I turn away from it or break it, may my destiny change" ( The Teacher's Oath, 2000). According to scientists, the essence of swearing is to change the status of an unclean object, to give it a religious character. Within the framework of an oath, natural language is an instrument of communication with the invisible world, the higher reality. A promise sanctified by an oath becomes a sacred sphere, receives the testimony of higher powers. Thus, in the oath two spheres of existence collide: the social, human and the sacred, divine, which were originally opposed in fideistic communication7. On the one hand, an oath, like other genres of magic, can be related to a legal contract, since both have a ritual character: in both cases there are obligatory words and gestures clothed in a ceremonial form. The actions associated with oaths have a special effect; they create something more than a contractual relationship between people. They cease to be legal but become religious and magical acts. A vow turns out to be a religious act, even if it is very unique from the point of view of traditional religiosity. Modern consciousness perceives a vow, first of all, as a speech ritual act. But linguosemiotic facts show that the oath ceremony was originally based on body movements and gestures. Moreover, the organic connection with non-verbal communication is characteristic of all verbal fideistic genres, including swearing. The fideistic word arose as a verbal part of the rite and retains8 this relatedness. According to N. B. Mieczkowska, gestures and body movements in ancient rites phylogenetically preceded words. The oath ceremony originally consisted of touch, denoting proximity, connection with some important object (ritual symbol) - earth, sacred stone, sacrificial hearth, weapon, etc. The fact that ancient ritual actions are deeply rooted in the human psyche is reflected in some universally recognized gestures and body movements9. These include the gesture of "hand to chest" (i.e., to the heart) to strengthen the sincerity of the promise (see the verbal equivalent of the phraseology of this gesture: "hand to heart10," i.e., full statement openly, sincerely, "kneeling" position, eyes fixed on the sky as a sign that heavenly-divine forces have been called as witnesses. 5 https://andrology.uz/site/maqola?id=13 6 https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQSh_prezidenti 7 Карабыков А.В. Речевой жанр клятвы в истории культуры // Изменяющаяся Россия: новые парадигмы и новые решения в лингвистике: материалы Междунар. науч. Конф. Ч. 3. – Кемерово, 2006. – С. 226-231. 8 Клятва как фидеистический речевой жанр http://revolution.allbest.ru/languages/00269951_0.html 9 Mechkovskaya N.B.Ijtimoiy tilshunoslik. 2-nashr, Rev. - M.: Aspect Press, 2000.- 206 b. 10 Клятва как фидеистический речевой жанр. http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15575241 https://andrology.uz/site/maqola?id=13 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 284 | P a g e "Based on the belief in the magical power of the word and firmly connected with the sacral sphere of social consciousness from ancient times, the oath enters the realm of fideistic communication, which determines the mechanism of its realization, the structure of its genre"11. At present, linguists are increasingly interested in the problems of comparative study of languages. First of all, each nation is oriented towards bringing the uniqueness of its national way into the framework of the general direction of civilization and, ultimately, into the development of the field in which it develops. A. I. Fefilov compares languages and "determines the general linguistic conceptual category and what weight it has in this or that language, how this conceptual category correlates with other linguistic conceptual categories, what unilevel and multilevel meanings it has. It should be noted that the sections of the linguistic conceptual category are equivalently correlated in the compared languages, which is the best way to describe the results of contrastive analysis on the basis of the linguistic conceptual category"12. in the selection and analysis of material in comparable languages, for example, the priority of interlingual comparison. It is known that in the process of comparative analysis a certain connection is established between texts in different languages, so there is a need to describe the phenomena of isomorphism and allomorphism, as well as to determine the regularities and causes of interlingual differences. When carrying out a comparative analysis of parallel texts as a material can be used: 2) comparison of several translated texts of the same original by different translators; 3) comparison of translations with original texts in the target language; 4) comparison of parallel texts of similar content in comparable languages. In this study, several texts of the Hippocratic Oath belonging to different translators are translated into Russian and English, lexical changes in them, semantic and structural aspects of different texts are clarified. For this reason, the work clearly prioritizes the comparison of different languages. An oath is a commitment made by one or more parties to perform certain actions or to abide by certain principles. It has a long history and widespread use in various fields, including law, politics, business and religion. Oaths play an important role in reflecting social relationships as they indicate the interaction and interactions of people in society. Section 1: Oaths and the legal system In the legal system, oaths are often used to enshrine obligations and guarantees to a court or society. For example, a witness in a court of law undertakes to tell only the truth and takes an oath to do so. The oath in this context serves as a tool for society to trust the evidence and ensure justice. 11 Маслова В.В. Лингвокультурология: учебное пособие. М., 2001. 12 Fefilov A. I. Словомолвие: неклассические афористические тексты. -Length, 2014. –C.159 American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 285 | P a g e Section 2: Oaths in politics And a politician's oath can be used at inauguration or when taking office. A politician's oath to the people affirms his/her commitment and dedication to fulfil his/her obligations. A politician's oath of office can also serve as a means of building trust between them and the electorate, as well as a means of ensuring accountability to them. Section 3: Oaths in Business In business, a contract can be used to contract with a company or individual licence. Mutual obligations and trust between the parties are expressed mutual obligations and trust between the parties in the context of an oath. The mother is also able to use the tools of setting standards and values to be followed in the business operations of the site. Section 4: Oaths in Religion In religion, oaths can be used as a way of committing to God or holy principles. An oath of allegiance or a monastic vow, for example, affirms the devotion and attitude of a believer to his or her religious beliefs. In the context of an oath, it has deep symbolic meaning and fulfils an important social function within a religious community. Conclusion Oaths play a significant role and reflect social relations and various spheres of life of our people. They serve as a tool to establish trust, commitment and responsibility among people. Oaths also help to establish standards, values and loyalty to certain principles. Overall, oaths are an important element of social interaction and reflect our commitments and relationships in society. Oaths are an important aspect of social values in different societies and cultures. They represent the promises or commitments a person makes to others, to society or to themselves. Oaths can take many forms and degrees of seriousness, including promises in brakes, professional commitments, political oaths, etc. etc. In this situation, I consider how oaths reflect and shape social relationships. Oaths have become an integral part of human society, ix meaning reveals the depth of social relations. Reflecting relationships in the braking, professional sphere and in society at large, vows become not only a commitment but also a mirror of values and norms. Marriage: Promises and Relationships In the world of marriage, vows represent a special kind of promise. They carry commitments of fidelity, caring, and understanding. Marriage, as a social institution, shapes and reflects the value of society. The vows recited at a wedding ceremony become a fundon for family relationships, embodying social encounters and ideally. Professional Commitments: Vows in the Career World Professional vows wipe their roots in a variety of fields, from medicine to law. Doctors pledge to care for the health of patients, lawyers pledge to uphold the principles of justice. These pledges not only govern the behaviour of professionals, but also create an oath of trust in American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 286 | P a g e society. Professional oaths become an indicator of high standards and ethical principles, permeating social relations at the professional level. Politics: Oaths of Power and Public Trust Political leaders often take oaths of office to affirm their commitment to society and the state. These oaths are a key element in establishing the legitimacy of authority and building Gradan trust. They become a guarantee that the leader will serve the public interest, uphold the laws, and lead the country fairly. Religion: Spiritual Oaths and Beliefs. In various religious traditions, vows become expressions of spiritual commitments. Believers take vows, promising to zalattya the precepts of their religion. These vows form not only a spiritual relationship with a higher being, but also a community of believers, reflecting the values and beliefs that unite society. Sociocultural Context: Variability and Stability of Vows Social and cultural context influences form and meaning. Oaths can take on different forms and meanings in different cultures epub, emphasising the variability of societal values. At the same time, however, oaths can also serve as a stable, ingrained and traditional principle passed down from generation to generation. Conclusion: Oaths as the Word of Social Relationships Vows are not just words, they become reflected layers of social relationships. From brahna vows to professional oaths, from political oaths to hoovy commitments, they form the framework on which society is built. Oaths become the bridge between the individual and the collective, distinguished by the values and expectations that define our social interactions. Oaths reflect social relationships An oath is a solemn promise that a person makes to another person or group of people. It is often used as a symbol of the commitment a person makes. Oaths can be said in a variety of social contexts such as marriage, job acceptance, initiation, etc. Oaths reflect social relationships in several ways. Firstly, they reflect the roles and statuses of the participants. For example, in the Hippocratic Oath, a doctor promises to use his knowledge and skills to treat patients without harming them. This oath reflects the doctor's social role as a person who is responsible for the health and well-being of others. Second, oaths reflect the values and norms of society. For example, in a wedding vow, the bride and groom promise to love each other, respect each other, and be faithful to each other. These vows reflect the values of marriage as a union based on love, respect, and fidelity. Third, vows reflect changes in society. For example, the traditional Hippocratic Oath prohibited doctors from performing abortions. However, in modern society, this norm has changed, and many doctors believe that abortion may be permissible in certain situations. Because of this, some countries have adopted a new version of the Hippocratic Oath that does not prohibit abortion. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 287 | P a g e Here are some specific examples of how oaths reflect social attitudes: The Hippocratic Oath reflects the social role of the physician as someone who is responsible for the health and well-being of others. It also reflects the values of medicine as a helping and compassionate profession. The wedding vow reflects the social roles of husband and wife as spouses who love each other, respect each other, and promise to be faithful to each other. It also reflects the values of marriage as a union based on love, respect and fidelity. The Pledge of Allegiance taken by soldiers reflects the social role of the soldier as a defender of his or her nation. It also reflects the values of patriotism and sacrifice. Oaths are an important social institution that helps to maintain order and stability in society. They reflect the values and norms of society, as well as the social roles and statuses of the participants. And the framework of religious and cultural aspects, vows represent their own nachiminuyut, reflecting the peculiarities and values of different societies. This aspect reveals the role that ritual obligations play in shaping sociocultural relations: Religious Oaths: In many religious traditions, vows have a special significance. Marriage vows, vows of monasticism or spiritual service are often an integral part of worship. They may reflect not only a commitment to a spouse, but also to a deity, a church community, and spiritual ideals. "Cultural Differences in Vows." Different cultures present their own unique requirements in the area of vows. For example, some cultures may emphasise collective commitments while others may emphasise individual commitments. Exploring differences in cultural Oathwaks provides a better understanding of how values and commitments change as contexts change. Interfaith and Intercultural Oaths: With the rise of world migration and globalisation, it is becoming increasingly common for people from different religions and cultures to take vows. This moment of clashing rituals and commitments can serve as a zone of interaction between cultures and religions, allowing for a better understanding and appreciation of diversity. The Symbolic Meaning of Vows: Vows often carry a deep symbolic meaning that cuts across cultural and religious aspects. They can serve not only as obligations, but also as ways of expression, devotion and sacredness. Changing Vows in Historical Perspective: Examining the historical development of vows within different religious and cultural traditions allows us to trace how these obligations have changed in accordance with socio- cultural trends and events. Overall, the religious and cultural analyses encompass an in-depth look at the values and principles that shape society, as well as the obligations of social and cultural relations and evolution. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 288 | P a g e Cultural differences in vows is a fascinating research subject that provides a better understanding of the unique traits and values of different societies. Here are a few aspects that can be considered in the context of cultural differences in vows: Emphasis on Collective Commitment: Some cultures emphasise obligations to a collective, such as a family, tribe or community. Oaths may be worded to emphasise the importance of solidarity and mutual aid within the community. Individual and Family Commitment: In other cultures, there may be a stronger emphasis on individual commitments related to personal development, achievement, or family values. Vows may emphasise the role of the individual in creating and maintaining family ties. Form and Content of Vows: The way in which vows are worded can vary considerably from culture to culture. For example, in one culture, vows may be more structured and formal, while in another culture they may be more emotional and symbolic. Temporal Aspects of Vows: Different cultures may place different importance on the temporal aspects of vows. Some commitments may be for life, while in other cultures temporary commitments are more common, such as for a certain period of time or until certain goals are achieved. A vow is a solemn promise that a person makes to another person or group of people. It is often used as a symbol of the commitment a person makes. Oaths can be said in a variety of social contexts such as marriage, employment, initiation, etc. Oaths reflect social relationships in several ways. Firstly, they reflect the roles and statuses of the participants. For example, in the Hippocratic Oath, a doctor promises to use his knowledge and skills to treat patients without harming them. This oath reflects the doctor's social role as a person who is responsible for the health and well-being of others. Second, oaths reflect the values and norms of society. For example, in a wedding vow, the bride and groom promise to love each other, respect each other, and be faithful to each other. These vows reflect the values of marriage as a union based on love, respect, and fidelity. Third, vows reflect changes in society. For example, the traditional Hippocratic Oath prohibited doctors from performing abortions. However, in modern society, this norm has changed, and many doctors believe that abortion may be permissible in certain situations. Because of this, some countries have adopted a new version of the Hippocratic Oath that does not prohibit abortion. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 289 | P a g e Here are some specific examples of how oaths reflect social attitudes: The Hippocratic Oath reflects the social role of the physician as someone who is responsible for the health and well-being of others13. It also reflects the values of medicine as a helping and compassionate profession. The wedding vow reflects the social roles of husband and wife as spouses who love each other, respect each other, and promise to be faithful to each other. It also reflects the values of marriage as a union based on love, respect and fidelity. The Pledge of Allegiance taken by soldiers reflects the social role of the soldier as a defender of his or her nation. It also reflects the values of patriotism and sacrifice. Oaths are an important social institution that helps to maintain order and stability in society. They reflect the values and norms of society, as well as the social roles and statuses of the participants. Oaths and social roles Oaths are often used to affirm social roles. For example, in the Hippocratic Oath, a doctor affirms his or her willingness to follow the norms and values of the medical profession. In the wedding vow, the bride and groom affirm their willingness to assume the roles of husband and wife. Oaths help to build trust between participants in social relationships. When a person takes vows, they demonstrate their willingness to follow certain norms and values. This helps others understand what to expect from him in the future. Oaths and social values Vows also reflect social values. For example, in wedding vows, the bride and groom affirm their willingness to love, respect, and be faithful to each other. These values are important to most societies. Vows help maintain social values. When a person takes vows, they are showing their support for these values. This helps to reinforce them in society. Oaths and changes in society Oaths can also reflect changes in society. For example, the traditional Hippocratic Oath prohibited doctors from performing abortions. However, in modern society, this norm has changed and many doctors believe that abortion may be permissible in certain situations. Because of this, some countries have adopted a new version of the Hippocratic Oath that does not prohibit abortion. This example shows that oaths can adapt to changes in society. They remain an important social institution that helps to maintain order and stability in society. Oaths are an important element of social dynamics and interaction. In different cultures and societies, oaths play an essential role in establishing and maintaining social relationships. They can be associated with contracts, obligations, loyalty and trust. In this article, we will 13 Этические принципы и правовые вопросы взаимоотношения врача и пациента (Г.А. Мустафина, "Актуальные проблемы экономики и права", N 3, июль-сентябрь 2009 г.) American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 290 | P a g e examine the role of oaths in reflecting social relationships and their influence on the formation of social bonds. The role of oaths in establishing trust: One of the main functions of oaths is to create trust between people. When a person takes an oath, he expresses his willingness to adhere to certain principles or commitments. This allows others to assess his reliability and predictability. Oaths can be used to cement understandings and agreements, and they are a kind of social contract between people. Oath and social obligations: Oath is also related to social obligations. When a person takes an oath, they are making certain commitments to other people or to society as a whole. This may involve performing certain actions, following rules, or adopting certain values. Breaking an oath can lead to a breach of social obligations and can negatively affect relationships between people. Oaths and loyalty: Oaths can also be related to fidelity. For example, the vow of fidelity taken at marriage signifies a willingness to remain a committed and predictable partner. This helps to strengthen the social bond between spouses and provide stability in the relationship. The Pledge of Allegiance can also be applied in other contexts, such as business or politics, to affirm loyalty and allegiance to certain values or ideals. Impact of breaking an oath: Breaking an oath can have serious consequences for social relationships. When someone breaks their commitment, it can lead to a loss of trust and the destruction of relationships. People may feel cheated or represented, which can lead to a breakdown in co-operation and deterioration of relationships. The loss of trust can be long term and have a negative impact on future interactions. Conclusion Oaths play an important role in reflecting social relationships. They help establish and maintain trust, cement social commitments, and affirm loyalty. Breaking oaths can have serious consequences for relationships and can lead to a loss of trust. Therefore, it is important to think carefully about your vows and be consistent in fulfilling them in order to maintain healthy and sustainable social relationships. Please note that the above article is generated by artificial intelligence and is not a real publication. It is recommended to consult academic sources and conduct additional research to obtain more accurate information about the role of vows in reflecting social relationships. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 291 | P a g e References 1. Semenkin А.K. Prоblemа rоmаnticheskоgо istоrizmа v rоmаne H.А.Pоlevоgо «Klyаtvа pri grоbe gоspоdnem»: Аvtоref. diss. ... kаnd. filоl. nаuk. – Mоskvа, 2016. – S. 24. 2. Dementyev V.V. Teоriyа rechevыx jаnrоv. – Mоskvа: Znаk, 2010. – S. 8-15. 3. Mаslоvа V.А. Lingvоkulturоlоgiyа. – M.: Аkаdemiyа, 2007. – S.8. 4. Карабыков А.В. 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