American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 311 | P a g e INTERPRETATION OF SYNONYMY IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS Gaffarjon Rozmatovich Rahmonov, Associate Professor of Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi, in Philology Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Annotation: The present paperconsiders the traditional and contemporary views on defining synonyms in Uzbek linguistics, wheredistinguishing the similarities and differences in semic analyses of the lexical meanings of synonyms worth special attention. Key words and expressions: lexical synonymy, lexical meaning, semic analyses, differences of meaning, stylistic features, conotation, emotional shade, dominance, neutral word, semantic phenomenon, semasiological bases, semantic structure of the word, sememe, seme, nomeme, similarity, difference, commoness. Introduction In Uzbek linguistics, the phenomenon of synonymy has been deeply studied on the example of lexical, morphological, and syntactic level units. In these works, issues such as the essence of the phenomenon of synonymy, its formation factors, functional-stylistic features, its application at different levels, and its relationship with other related phenomena are analyzed. Until the 70s of the last century, the phenomenon of synonymy was described in traditional Uzbek linguistics based on this approach. In the later stages of the development of Uzbek linguistics, approaches to synonymy also changed. In traditional linguistics, it became clear that the definitions given to synonymy are inconsistent and do not fully cover the essence of the problem. In subsequent studies devoted to the study of the phenomenon of synonymy, the definition of "same meaning" was abandoned, attention was also paid to aspects such as semantic differences observed in synonymy, stylistic features, expression of connotation. Academician A. Hojiev made a fundamental change to the traditionally given definitions of synonymy: "These are words with different pronunciation and spelling, the same (general) unifying meaning, and a number of features, such as subtlety of additional meaning, emotional color, use" [7] . If you pay attention, in this definition of A. Hojiev, the following aspects of synonyms, which were not taken into account in previous traditional definitions, are distinguished: 1) the same (general) meaning of the unifier; 2) possession of additional subtlety of meaning; 3) differentiation according to emotional color; 4) different according to application. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 312 | P a g e In support of the scientist's opinion, it can be said that although synonyms are united within the general meaning, there are also differences that separate them from each other. This difference sometimes prevents synonyms from being freely used interchangeably in speech. In particular, not all synonymous units can perform the same task in demonstrating the pragmastistic goal of the speaker. In Uzbek linguistics, attention was also paid to studying the issue of their semantic differentiation through seminal analysis of synonyms. In Sh.Rakhmatullaev's article on the analysis of this problem, it was shown that when defining synonymy, it is necessary to take into account the division of the lexical meaning, the fact that it consists of components, that is, semes [6]. In such an approach, the lexical meaning of the word is semema, and the constituents of semema are evaluated as semes, and the definition of synonymy is based on the relation of semes. As a result, attention was paid to distinguishing language and speech units when defining synonymy. Lexical synonymy was originally defined on the basis of a word as a unit of speech, but now synonyms are defined on the basis of a lexeme as a linguistic unit. As a result of this view, synonyms in linguistics were divided into synonyms of language and speech. It can be said here that synonymy is a semantic phenomenon based on the relation of semes. This phenomenon, determined on the basis of semasiology, often serves stylistic-speech purposes, partly for semantic-ideographic descriptions. After all, the differences between synonyms are stylistic, as well as on the edge of meaning, especially in the images that embody the meaning. As lexemes are combined into synonymous lines based on their common meaning, it is appropriate to first study the semantic nature of these lexemes. Determining the semantic content of semes of lexemes requires the study of the lexical meaning divided into semes. In the last century, serious attention was paid to the study of the semantic structure of the word and the issue of sememe differentiation in linguistics. In Russian linguistics, Yu.Apresyan, V.Gaklar's research in this field is important [1,2]. In Uzbek linguistics, since the 80s of the last century, the semantic structure of the word has been studied on the basis of semitic analysis. Sh. Rakhmatullaev, H. Ne'matov, E. Begmatov, R. Rasulov's theoretical views on this problem came to the fore. In their works, the semantic structure of the word, the concepts of semema, sema, nomema were clarified. It was justified that the meaning fragments (components of the sememe) forming the seme are the seme. In our linguistics, on the basis of semitic analysis of lexemes, concepts understood through the dictionary meaning of the lexeme were distinguished. In fact, the semitic analysis of some lexemes has shown that their sememe represents more than one concept. For example, in the sememe of the lexeme flower in the Uzbek language, we can distinguish the following concepts: a) type of plant; b) be of different colors; c) emitting a strong odor; American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 313 | P a g e g) gives a person aesthetic pleasure; d) fleshy, leafy, thorny; e) domestic or wild; or) natural or artificial. It seems that the flower lexeme covers 7 concepts. But as the authors of the book "Basics of System Lexicology of the Uzbek Language" note, concept and sememe are not always compatible with each other. This phenomenon is especially evident in synonyms; The semes of the lexemes yuz, bet, aft, bashara, turq, chehra, jamal are mainly connected with one concept, the term ``front of the human head''. But at the same time, each lexeme means and expresses this meaning with its own characteristic, additional meaning. The application of semitic analysis to definition of synonyms made it possible to clarify the exactness, commonality and difference in the meanings of lexical units that are combined into synonymous lines. It became known that in order for lexemes to take a place in the synonymous line, the content of lexical meanings in each of them should be equal to each other. To justify this view, we study the composition of the lexical meanings of the lexemes strong, energetic, strong in the synonymous relationship. Academician A. Hojiev's "Annotated dictionary of synonyms of the Uzbek language" lists the lexemes of strong, energetic, and vigorous as synonyms. The similarity of the lexical meanings of these synonymous lexemes can be seen from the following comments given to them: ``power, strength''; ``enough''; ``more than normal''; ``higher''; ``high physical ability''; ``the reflection of the weak''. This equality unites the lexemes of strong, strong, strong into a synonymous line. The difference between lexemes of strong, energetic, strong synonyms is determined by the degree of use in speech, the sign of connotativeness, the expression of the value relationship, etc. in connection with their stylistic features. For example, in the strong lexeme, the level of sign (strength), connotation, and the evaluation attitude of the speaker are reflected in a neutral way, while in the strong lexeme, these signs are relatively strong, and the positive evaluation of the speaker is significant; In the Zabardast lexicon, the level of the sign is even higher, and the positive evaluation relationship is clearly manifested on the basis of the lexical meaning. Our analysis showed that the principle of equivalence of meaning of lexemes plays an important role in defining lexical synonyms at the language level. But the importance of such an approach is not observed in determining speech synonyms. So, the traditional and modern views on defining synonyms in Uzbek linguistics are fundamentally different. In the following years, definition of lexical synonyms on the basis of semitic analysis of the content of their lexical meanings became widespread. Such an approach to the definition of synonyms is important in distinguishing the signs of identity and difference in their essence. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 23, December, 2023 314 | P a g e References 1. Апресян Ю.Д. Лексическая семантика. Синонимические срества языка. – М.: Наука, 1974. – С.368 2. Гак В.Г. К проблеме гносеологических аспектов семантики слова. – М., 1971. – С.95; 3. Жуманиёзов Р. Синонимлар таърифи масаласи // Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти. 1970. № 1. – 35 б. 4. Неъматов Ҳ., Расулов Р. Ўзбек тили систем лексикологияси асослари. – Тошкент: Ўқитувчи, 1995. – 57 б. 5. Раҳматуллаев Ш. Семик таҳлил ва лексик синонимияни таърифлаш масаласи // Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти. 1979. №5. – 55 б. 6. Раҳматуллаев Ш. Семема – мустақил тил бирлиги //Ўзбек тили ва адабиёти. 1984. №5. – 80 б; Бегматов Э., Неъматов Ҳ., Расулов Р. Лексик микросемема ва унинг тадқиқ методикаси. 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