American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 22 | P a g e THEORETICAL PREREQUISITES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE STUDY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN UZBEK LINGUISTICS Sheralieva Shirin Abdisalomovna Doctor of Philosophy in Philological Sciences (PhD), Uzbekistan State World Languages University Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan shirin.3009@mail.ru Sultonova Shoxista Muxammadjanovna Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Foreign Philology Non-State Higher Educational Institution Alfraganus University Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan ms.sultana74@mail.ru Annotation This article discusses the theoretical prerequisites and perspectives for the study of phraseological units in Uzbek linguistics. Several works of scientists on this subject have been investigated and different views of the concept (by scientists) were shown as examples. Besides that, the topicality of the work is conditioned by the profound interest of language specialists in the linguistic peculiarities of set expressions. Keywords: phraseology, phrase, phraseological unit, PU, word combination, meaning, linguistics. Introduction It is known that phraseology is the most colorful branch of language. With its help, we ensure the beauty of our speech. Its object of study in a broad sense includes fixed combinations such as idioms, phraseological combinations, speech paremies, clichés, winged words (phrases). Phraseological units clearly show the history, culture, origin and character of the nation. Deeper analysis of phraseological units and their reflection of national-cultural and universal values in different languages is an urgent problem of modern linguistics. Therefore, phraseological units have a special place in seeing the world through language tools. Phraseology is a section of linguistic science that studies the system of stable expressions of a particular language and a system of such stable expressions. Compared to other branches of linguistics with many centuries of development, phraseology can be considered as a small child, although quite intelligent and perceptive. Its area consists of picturesque and bright elements, called phraseological units (PU), which are characterized by a certain transfer of meaning. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 23 | P a g e The science of phraseology, which began to form as an independent department of linguistics in the 60s of the 20th century, has to solve many important problems even now. The study of these problems helps to fully or partially reveal all aspects of the subject of phraseological science and phraseological units. The phraseology of any language has evolved over centuries; is a systematic organization of stable renewable units, which reflects both deep antiquity, the processes of interaction of cultures, and the latest, most recent changes in society. "Phraseology is a treasure of language. Phraseological units reflect the history of the nation, the uniqueness of its culture and life. Phraseologisms often have a bright national character1. "Phraseological unit is a word structure equal to a phrase or a sentence, has a figurative, generalized meaning, lexical elements have a partial or complete figurative meaning, recorded in dictionaries what is a stable lexical-semantic unit"2. It is known that the term phraseology means, on the one hand, a branch of linguistics that studies word combinations, and on the other hand, a set of all fixed combinations of a given language. The vocabulary of a language is not only words, but also form fixed phrases. The scientific-theoretical views of scientists who have conducted research in the field of phraseological units in world linguistics are numerous. There are different approaches to this issue from the point of view of each language. According to V. Vinogradov: "The main feature of phraseological units is their stability in form, they do not appear in the speech process, but are formed in the human mind and arise from the integral meaning of at least two independent words"3. The scientist developed a classification of phraseology in the material of the Russian language and divided them into phraseological phrases, phraseological units and phraseological combinations. A.V. Kunin, who made a significant contribution to English phraseology, divided phraseological units into 5 groups according to their stability, and said that they are "stable combinations of lexemes with a fully or partially figurative meaning"4. In the researches devoted to the study of phraseology in the middle of the last century, the problem of dividing phraseology into a separate science finds its place. Phraseology, as a separate science, was mainly paid attention to in the following years. Therefore, today there are not only options for the use of some terms related to this section of the language, but also many definitions that imply broad and narrow approaches. This applies both to the definitions of the term phraseological unit itself and to the definitions of terms that are the main components of phraseological units. Among Western scientists, R. Glazer uses the term "phraseological unit" in his research works to refer to all types of stable compounds. In his opinion, "stable combinations 1 Kunin A.V. Course of phraseology of modern English: Textbook. for institutes and faculties. foreign language – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Higher. school, Dubna, Publishing House Phoenix Center, 1996. – P.5. 2 Mamatov A.E. Problems of lexical and phraseological norms in the modern Uzbek literary language: ADD. – Tashkent, 1991. – P. 40-47. 3 Vinogradov V.V. About the main types of phraseological units in the Russian language // Vinogradov V.V. Lexicology and lexicography: Selected works. – M.: Nauka, 1977. – P. 140-161. 4 Kunin A.V. Phraseology of the modern English language. – Moscow, International Relations, 1972. – P. 8. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 24 | P a g e consisting of at least two or more words, with syntactic and semantic stability, are phraseological units"5. According to F.I. Buslayev, phraseological units are a kind of microcosm. They include "both the moral law expressed in short words and common sense entrusted to the generations by their forefathers". This is the spirit of any national language, in which the spirit and identity of the nation is manifested in its own way6. This feature certainly indicates that human thinking has a single logic and that there is an objective similarity in the way of life of different peoples. Currently, some groups of phraseological units, their main components, including the national, religious and linguistic image of the world, are very relevant and in demand in linguistic culture, since they help to better understand the national and cultural characteristics of a particular ethnic group, which have not yet been fully studied. In Uzbek linguistics, in-depth scientific research has been conducted on the comparative study of phraseologisms at the lexical, semantic, and grammatical levels, as well as their cognitive, pragmatic, and stylistic features. In particular, Sh. Rahmatullayev left a significant mark in the history of Uzbek linguistics as the first phraseologist. Also, the scientific research conducted by M.I. Umarho'jayev, B. Yo’ldoshev and A.E. Mamatov contributed to the development of Uzbek phraseology. Sh.M. Sultonova studied the origin, semantics and transformation of religious phraseology on the material of the Uzbek and Russian languages from a linguocultural point of view and made a significant contribution to the religious phraseology of the Uzbek language. Besides that, Sh.A. Sheralieva studied the linguacultural features of religious phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages and the problems of their translation in a comparative aspect. Thus, by comparing religious phraseological units of English and Uzbek languages in meaning, method and structure, as well as analyzing them as an object of literary translation, she identified their linguocultural features. Phraseological units reflect in their semantics the long process of development of folk culture, strengthen cultural ties, stereotypes, norms and archetypes and pass them on from generation to generation. Linguistic units that have cultural and national characteristics have their own ways of reflecting it in language, concepts, stereotypes, norms, symbols, mythologies, traditions, customs expressed in their native language are signs of universal culture that are acquired by the learner. The national character of phraseological units is manifested in the material and spiritual conditions of the socio-economic life of the people. On this occasion, V.N. Telia says: “The system of images in phraseological units is associated with the formation of a nation’s 5 Gläser Rosemarie. The Stylistic Potential of Phraseological Units in the Light of Genre Analysis/Rosemarie Gläser // Phraseology: theory, analysis, and applications/ed.by A.P.Cowie. – Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1998. – P.125. 6 Buslaev F.I. Russian proverbs and sayings, collected and explained. – M.: 1954. – 176 p. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 25 | P a g e worldview, its material, social or spiritual culture. For this reason, they provide information about the national and cultural experience, traditions and customs of this people”7. Therefore, studying the process of seeing the world through language is a step towards determining the national and cultural characteristics of the word. Different peoples use different phraseological units, metaphors, comparisons and symbols to express a certain thing or event in different ways in accordance with the requirements of communicative intention. Summing up, we can say that despite many studies on phraseology, phraseological meaning, types of phraseological units, the principles of classification of phraseological units have not yet been fully studied in Uzbek linguistics. Therefore, the classification of phraseological units has been and remains one of the pressing problems of phraseology in Uzbek linguistics. References 1. Gläser Rosemarie. The Stylistic Potential of Phraseological Units in the Light of Genre Analysis/Rosemarie Gläser // Phraseology: theory, analysis, and applications/ed.by A.P.Cowie. – Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1998. – P.125. 2. Kunin A.V. Phraseology of the modern English language. – Moscow, International Relations, 1972. – P. 8. 3. Mamatov A.E. Problems of lexical and phraseological norms in modern Uzbek language. - Tashkent: Science, 1991. - 276 p. 4. Rahmatullayev Sh. The main grammatical features of figurative verb phraseological units in modern Uzbek language: Dissertation abstract of the candidate of Philology. - Moscow, 1952. - 52 p. 5. Rahmatulayev Sh. Some issues of Uzbek phraseology (polysemy, synonymy, variation, antonymy, homonymy and homonymy in phraseological units). - Tashkent: Science, 1966. - 264 p. 6. Rahmatullayev Sh. Phraseological dictionary of the Uzbek language. - Tashkent, Teacher, 1978. - 407 p. 7. Rahmatullayev Sh. Phraseological antonyms in modern Uzbek and Russian languages. - Tashkent, 2000. - 32 p. 8. Sultonova Sh.M. Transformation of religious phraseology: semantic and linguistic- cultural aspects. Dissertation of the Doctor of Philological Sciences (DSc) - Tashkent, 2022. - 248 p. 9. Sheralieva Sh.A. Linguacultural aspect of religious phraseological units in the English and Uzbek languages. Dissertation abstract of the doctor of philosophy (PhD) in philological sciences. - Tashkent, 2023. – 51 p. 10. Umarho’jayev M.I. Basics of phraseography. – Tashkent: Fan, 1983. – 136 p. 11. Umarho’jayev M.I. Essays on modern phraseography. – Tashkent: Fan, 1977. – 104 p. 7 Telia V.N. Primary tasks and methodological problems of studying the phraseological composition of language in the context of culture // Phraseology in the context of culture. – M.: Languages of Russian Culture, 1999. – P.13-24. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 26 | P a g e 12. Yo’ldoshev B. Regarding the relation of phraseologisms to the norm of the literary language // Uzbek language and literature, 1992. - No. 3-4. - B. 37-42. 13. Yo’ldoshev B. Scenes from the history of phraseology. - Samarkand: Sogdiyona, 1998. - 110 p. 14. Yo’ldoshev B. The basics of phraseological methodology. - Samarkand: SamDU, 1999. - 200 p. 15. Yo’ldoshev B. Formation and development of Uzbek phraseology and phraseography (monograph). - Samarkand: SamDU, 2007. - 108 p.