American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 55 | P a g e SAFFRON CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY M. A. Mirzayeva FSU Associate Professor, qxfn. Abstract In this article, the spread of the medicinal saffron plant, biological properties, structure, medicine, people in the farm importance, cultivation technology, chemical composition about data given. Keywords: Medicine property, chemical part , type and category, planting maturity, reproduction, productivity, disease, raw materials, spices, pharmaceuticals, reproduction method. Introduction From the year per year population the number increased to go because medicinal , fragrant spice and food _ _ plants of raw materials different diversity increase and the population demand satisfy in order to hama their natural drug medicine tools and new kind of food food 60-65 percent of their products medicine plants raw from the elements received preparations organize reached today in the day the world according to Medicinal , edible , aromatic _ seasoning features keeper from plants choose Cultivation , wide respectively increase and wide in scales plantations organize reach and work to issue attraction to do separately attention given is coming . Biological feature _ Saffron type of tumor and of categories inside the most attention seasoned and all plants and of spices promising, king plant of plants _ recognized as a branch. From this except Uzbekistan Republic president Shaukat Mirziyoyev on February 24-25 , 2017 Kashkadarya to the region visits during in our republic Saffron of the plant plantations set up reach and increase about , pharmaceutics industry needs provide and exportable medicine plants to multiply organize reach remedy events PQ on and to him mainly on August 21, 2017 Ministers in the court 114th meeting held of the statement ,, in our Republic Saffron plants _ _ _ plantations set up , Pharmaceuticals _ industry needs provide and exportable medicine plants to multiply organize reach remedy events on " Decision No. Edo -03/1-421 with ,, Agrobank '' atb ,,, Forest Economy State State Committee '' , " Uzbek food food holding'' Xk , ,, Uz Farmsanoat Dak, Brand Investment Group LLC in the institution saffron ( saffron ) and another unique medicine plants introduction to make , increase and cultivation according to scientific research their work take to go for economized ,, saffron scientific research The center is organized by LLC done _ of the center main purpose expotbop and import place covering local and introduction medicine plants types our republic soil and climate conditions wide in scope plantations American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 56 | P a g e green growing in plantations agrotechnics events done increase and harvest dial during scientific in terms of suggestions and recommendations to give , scientific in studies in experience try seen new kind of medicine plants plantations organize reach for Suggestions input _ Medicinal plants _ in the field new scientific things preparation , done increase , recommendations work exit and constant respectively medicine plants grow up and increase in the field scientific competence , development release with integration marked . Saffron people in medicine priceless medicine plant and fragrant raw material calculated plant of raw materials a person health for useful features east thinkers Abu Rayhan Beruni (1974), Abu Ali ibn Sina (1994) own in his works use methods about many data cause have passed Do not plant Saffron ( C.Stivus L.)- Gulsafsardozhat family Iridaceae family crocus l. to the series belongs to bulbous , many yearly plant According to the diploid chromosomes of the species C. Cartwightianus Herbert triploid change to account come is the type that came out . Crocus L. genus and his contained C. Cartwightianus type 9 types own into to the receiving Crocus thissia belongs to: C . Cartwightianus and his property C. hadriaticus, C. asumanie and C. mathewii of types organize found _ O' of the wire in systematics note done all of species between only don't plant Saffron (C. Stivus L.) plant separately and plantation in the situation planted , pollinator ( hom materials ) . usefulness in terms of is used . Do not plant Saffron bulb onions in cultivation constant respectively moderation storage this of the plant of cultivation main factor is counted . This is a factor own in the interest of plant in a vegetative way in reproduction main role plays _ This is practice from our era in the 3rd century BC Theophrastus by defined . Do not plant of saffron planting deep net choose his spreading and in growth important important have because his basically bulb onions soil under root shot increases . Do not plant saffron planting and increase Do not plant Saffron planting term in our region of the area soil and climate to the conditions looking is determined . Do not plant saffron cultivated countries soil and climate conditions in consideration received without planting term july from month September up to a month defined. That is , done increased studies results to the analysis according to Do not plant saffron grow countries planting deadlines and on the field spring onions to be spent looking basically the following to groups will be : 1) . Medium _ land the sea around center Europe , East Europe , Small Asia , and behind the Caucasus countries ( France , Italy , Spain , Greece , Ukraine , Bulgaria, Turkey , Russia, Azerbaijan , Cyprus and other ) Do not plant saffron planting term September in the month done increased , cost hectares 4-5 tons per area finished onions series without weighing flat to the field is planted . 2). India , China and Center of Asia South countries ( Iran , Afghanistan ) in Ekma saffron planting term july in the month defined is , xar hectares 1 ton per area , row without weighing in the plain planted up to 3 tons in fields finished onions spent ; American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 57 | P a g e 3). Central Repent North countries ( Uzbekistan , Tajikistan and others ) Do not plant saffron planting term August of the month the first in half done increase to the goal is appropriate, because plant reproductive to the process entrance i.e bloom process with organic dependent.Scientific our research as a result this to processes separately to give necessity telling passed A). Plant _ planted from time to generative phase entrance and bloom It takes 55-63 days until the period mean caught _ At this time the same September of June the end and October of the month at the beginning ( air Flowering at a temperature of 5-7 0 C phase stops ) plant crop pick up is taken ; 8-15 cm deep at the rate of 1 ton per hectare is planted. This the norm on the plantation agricultural engineer events done increase comfortable to be ( mechanization using done increased events ) and winter in season plants it's crazy from the cold protection to do measures provides . Raw material chemical composition Do not plant saffron of raw materials standardization and his quality evaluation international standardization organizations or national standardization organs by , as well as all countries saffron raw materials quality on the basis of ISO 3632, which is considered the only one in the determination done will be increased .\ Saffron raw materials quality mainly 3 different chemicals brikma , that is carotene (color), picrocroxin (tam) and saffron type _ _ _ quantity b is determined : - Saffron's color his contained of crocin (C 44N64024). to the amount depends being , this chemical do not brick in the water fast soluble less meeting the most active natural of carotenes is one. of kratin this feature Saffron raw materials food and medical drug - drug products of joining main criterion is counted ; - Saffron raw material contained fast volatile oils ( ether oils ) or different the essentials very strong emits a pleasant smell . Aromatic smell _ _ _ _ separator factor Saffron contained caffranav brikma is 60 percent _ _ volatile components keeps _ - Saffron raw material in the composition separately to himself special nice very strong spicy tam beruchi glycosidic brima is picroxine (C 16N2607) . Saffron medicine features Saffron of antioxidants strong source of cells _ free radicals and strong of oxidizers protector to the feature have Saffron naturally respectively depression and worry in treatment used to medicines similar many features own into received _ Saffron contained magnesium because of soothing as well sleep quality to improve help will give . From this except saffron tea natural drug calculated today's in the day saffron of tea features understanding increased to go because of , from the day from the day more and more consumers they are of nature they know as a miracle and him xar day own of diet one to the part are adding . Saffron of tea trigger and soothing features this the plant American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 58 | P a g e consumption to do reason is happening Also this the plant antioxidant in the feature youth secrets incarnate reached in the world the most useful drink to say possible _ Saffron the following features because of whole the world researchers is interested . - Pain _ relief . - memory improvement _ - To inflammation against _ - Blood pressure lowering _ - Breath to receive strengthen _ - Food digestion to do improvement _ - Against characters slow down - Liver protection to do - Spleen protection to do - In the blood cholesterol decrease _ - Your heart protection to do - Antioxidant as . As they say Saffron plant some synthetic of drugs place start also has a feature . If you have stress and depression if _ saffron tea it's yours to drink happiness harmony i.e seratanin work release activates . • Alzheimer's illness come to exit against effect shows • Cancer of the disease prevention to get service does _ • Belly pain _ to treatment help will give . • Depression against efficient effect shows . • High blood pressure prevention to get service does _ Experience to the results according to Saffron in the composition calcium , iron, selenium , copper and phosphorus such as many amount of B vitamins , vitamin A and soldier acid also cancer to the cells harmful effect showing safranal flavanoids there is . This features because of saffron grass bladder liver and spleen to their illnesses help also gives _ the brain activities to see improves cough _ and to infertility help will give . • Saffron with our intestines healthy _ • Saffron contained come on in the liver grass liquid harvest to be encourages . Also Saffron the liver aflatoxins because of come output possible has been from damages protection does _ • Man body energy with fills _ • Hematopoiesis improves that's it with together anemia prevention takes _ • Brain activity increases . • Faster thought to conduct information again to convert possibility will give . • Mood raises . _ Saffron with take went laboratory studies that's it shows that saffron and his compounds thick intestine cancer cells choose no does or healthy to the cells effect without doing their to growth hindrance does _ American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 59 | P a g e This effect on the skin cancer cells , bone marrow , prostate , lungs , breast , uterus neck and another one series cancer also applies to cells being him in cooking application , healing features harvest process a lot Labor demand is limited _ supply because of in the world the most valuable medicine is a plant . Saffron to himself special taste , aroma and bright full yellow - red color with famous precious it is a spice in cooking and the skin from maintenance pulling cultural to ceremonies is used . Saffron in measure acceptance when done never how side effect effect does not REFERENCES 1. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi va Vazirlar Mahkamasi 2017 yil 21 avgustdagi 114-sonli yig'ilish bayonining “Res- publicamizda zafaron (za'fran) plantatsiyalarini barpo etish, farmatsevtika sanoati ehtiyozhlarini ta'minlash va eksportbop dorivor o'simliklarni kuchaytirishnii tashkil qilish etish chora-tadbillari tugrisida”gi EDO-03/1-421-son karo- ri. 2. Abu Ali ibn Sino. Tibbiyot fanining kanoni. Saylangan nal bo'limlari. Soat 3 da (tuzuvchilar: Karimov U.I., Xurshut E.U.). - Toshkent: MIKO. –Fan, 1994.- 1 soat –400 bet, 2 soat –360 bet, 3 soat –232 bet. 3. Turkiya Respublikasi gi vazirligi hamda “Denizbank” hamkorligida tayorlangan “100 ta kitob” issiqlik sifatida berilgan. 4. Askerov A. Shafran. – Boku: Azerneshr, 1934. – 113 b. 5. Garagesov T.G., Gasimov K.G., Serkerov S.V., Novruzov. E.N., Murodov P.Z., Shaxmuradov I.A. Bio-tadqiqot strategiyasi Absheron za'faron populyatsiyasi (Crocus sativus L.) // AMEA-ning Xəbərlari (biologiya va tibbiyot elmlari), 2017. - Cild 70. № 2. – 164-173-betlar. 6. Zemlinskiy S. E. SSSRning dorivor o'simliklari. - M.: Medgiz, 1958. – 608 b. 7. Maxmudov A.V. Crocus turkumi turlarining Uzbekistan tone sharoitide introductionsi va bioekologik xususiyiyatla- ri: Biologiya fanlari byyicha falsafa doktori (PhD) dis- sertifikat va referat. – Toshkent, 2017. – 44 b. 8. Nuruzova M. M. Zafaron – oltinga teng ziravor. - M.: Sharq tabobati, 2018. 1-son. b.- 13- 15 9. Chichiricco G. Za'faronning sterilligi va yaxshilanishi krokus // Caryologia, 1990. No 25. - R. 99-107. 10. Metyu B. Crocuses: Crocus jinsining qayta ko'rib chiqilishi (Iridaceae) / Turkiya florasi va Sharqiy Egey orollari. - Edinburg universiteti matbuoti, Edinburg. 1984. 8-jild. – R. 413-438. 10. Metyu B. Crocuses: Crocus jinsining qayta ko'rib chiqilishi (Iridaceae) / Turkiya florasi va Sharqiy Egey orollari. - Edinburg universiteti matbuoti, Edinburg. 1984. 8-jild. – R. 413- 438. 11. Negbi, M., Dagan, B., Dror, A. va Basker, D. Growth, za'faronda gullash, vegetativ ko'payish va uyqu holati krokus (Crocus sativus L.). // Isroil botanika jurnali, 1989. No. 38. – R. a. 95-113. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 60 | P a g e 12.Мирзаева М. А. Акрамов ШШУ Биология сортов сахарной свеклы, вредителей, болезней и способы борьбы с ними //Universum: технические науки. – 2020. – №. 11- 3. – С. 80. 13. Маматожиев Ш. И., Мирзаева М. А., Шокирова Г. Н. Влияние технологии допосевной обработки на содержание влаги в почве //Universum: технические науки. – 2021. – №. 6-3 (87). – С. 46-49. 14. Мирзаева М. А. Акрамов ШШУ Биология сортов сахарной свеклы, вредителей, болезней и способы борьбы с ними //Universum: технические науки. – 2020. – №. 11- 3. – С. 80. 15. Мирзаева М. А. Методы сушки винограда //Universum: технические науки. – 2020. – №. 5-2 (74). – С. 21-23. 16. Абдукаримова Д. Н., Мирзаева М. А. Исследование Структуры, Составов И Физико- Химических Свойств Ингредиентов Для Разработки Композиционных Химических Препаратов //Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science. – 2021. – Т. 2. – №. 12. – С. 323-328. 17. Мирзаева М. А., Рахмоналиева Н. Н., Холматов С. Н. У. Изучение способов хранения семян //Universum: технические науки. – 2021. – №. 6-3 (87). – С. 50-52. 18. Mirzaeva M. A., Abdurakhmonov S. Z., Ehrgasheva N. Biology of beetroot sorts, pests and diseases and methods of treatment //Актуальная наука. – 2019. – №. 4. – С. 36-38. 19. Mirzayeva M. A., Mullajonova S. S., Mirzaikromov M. A. The grape processing technology for wine production //International Journal of Advance Scientific Research. – 2022. – Т. 2. – №. 04. – С. 7-10.209. Мирзаева М. А., Рахмоналиева Н. Н., Абдуллаев Д. Д. У. Совершенствование методов хранения рассады //Universum: технические науки. – 2020. – №. 12-3 (81). – С. 93-95. 20. Mirzayeva M. History of Urdu language and its status in India and Pakistan //ACADEMICIA: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 2. – С. 584-591.211. Azamovna M. M. A STUDY OF NON-CHEMICAL CONTROL METHODS AGAINST MULBERRY MOTH. – 2022. 21.Azamovna, Mirzayeva Mutabar. "Application of Precautionary Measures in the Use of Chemical Preparations in Agriculture." Eurasian Research 22.Mirzayeva M. A., O‘tbosarov Q. The Study of the Morphobiological Properties of Tomatoes //Eurasian Research Bulletin. – 2022. – Т. 6. – С. 73-77. 23.Мирзаев О.О., Алиев Ф.А., Холмуродов Т.А., Вахин А.В., Долгих С.А. Акватермолиз нефти ашальчинского месторождения республики татарстан. В сборнике: Химия нефти и газа. Материалы XII Международной конференции. Томск, 2022. С. 174-175. 24.Мирзаев, О. О. Разработка каталитических комплексов для парогазовой технологии освоения нетрадиционных углеводородных ресурсов / О. О. Мирзаев, Ф. А. Алиев, Т. А. Холмуродов // Нефть и газ - 2022 : тезисы докладов 76-ой международной молодежнрй научной конференции, Москва, 25–29 апреля 2022 года / Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина. Том 1. – Москва: Российский American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Development ISSN Online: 2771-8948 Website: www.ajird.journalspark.org Volume 24, January, 2024 61 | P a g e государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина, 2022. – С. 38-39. – EDN WPKUMQ. 25.Мирзаев, О. О. Внутрипластовое каталитическое гидрирование углекислого газа при паротепловых методах добычи высоковязких нефтей и природных битумов / О. О. Мирзаев, Ф. А. Алиев // Актуальные проблемы недропользования : тезисы докладов XVIII Международного форума-конкурса студентов и молодых ученых, Санкт-Петербург, 15–21 мая 2022 года. Том 1. – Санкт-Петербург: Санкт- Петербургский горный университет, 2022. – С. 58-60. – EDN SCDUGV.