172 The Ammcan Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 18.4 Education In The Arab Gulf States and the Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography Nagat El-Sanabary. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991. 572 pages. Education In The Arab Gulf States And The Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography is divided into six parts. Each part contains between one to ten chapters according to the topic. In the preface, the author mentions that she includes all references found in US libraries and the Library of Congress and does not include references from Arab countries. She also mentions that she was "selective" in her choices of what to include and what not. For example, literature from the social sciences that contained a lot of stereotyping and biased information about Islam, Arabs and Arab society in general was excluded. Unpublished works also were not included. The author then describes her method of listing the bibliography: when there was literature available on the Arab world in general, she included that, and then she would list the seven Gulf States in alphabetical order. If there were no references for a country, then the country is not mentioned and she jumps to the next country in that order. Part One contains only one chapter, which is the introduction. El Sannbary presents an historical overview of the Gulf States, which is her focus: Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. A map of the region is presented on page four. She surveys the history and the present conditions of the seven states economically, politically and educationally. The rest of the chapter includes a one-page summary on all the topics, which are mainly the chapters that follow. Part Two comes under the heading "General Background and Resources", and consists of three chapters. Chapter Two, "Context of Education", contains 165 entries. It starts with the Arab World (entry 1-52) followed by Bahrain (52-60), Iraq (61-76), Kuwait (77-95), Oman (96- 102), Qatar (103-108), Saudi Arabia (109-154), and the United Arab Emirates, (155-165). This is the system followed throughout the whole book. When there is no literature available on a country, it is not mentioned. Chapter Three, "Bibliographies and References", starts with general references (166- 215), and then is followed by Iraq (216), Kuwait (217), Oman (218-2190, Qatar (220-223), United Arab Emirates (224) and finally educational references (225-259). Chapter Four, "Religion and Education," lists 120 entries (260-380). Book Reviews 173 Part Three is titled "Educational Systems, Developments And Structures", and it consists of two chapters. Chapter Five, "Educational Systems and Developments", begins with the Arab World (381451), then Bahrain (452-454a), Iraq (455-473), Kuwait (474-483), Oman (484-488), Qatar (489-495), Saudi Arabia (496-524), and the United Arab Emirates (525-529). Chapter Six, "Historical Developments In Education Country Reports", begins with Bahrain (530-532), then Iraq (533-552), Kuwait (553-563), Oman (564-), Qatar (565-572), and Saudi Arabia (573-585). Part Four, "Education At The Pre-College Level", consists of ten chap- ters. Chapter Seven "Pre-School And Primary Education" begins with the Arab World (586-590), then Bahrain (591), Iraq (592-597), Kuwait (598- 600), and Saudi Arabia (601- 608). Chapter Eight, "Intermediate And Secondary Education", again begins with the Arab World (609-612), then Bahrain (613), Iraq (614-616), Kuwait (617-620), and Saudi Arabia (621- 634). Chapter Nine, "Curriculum And Instruction", begins with general references, then goes to the Arab World (635), Iraq (636-648), Kuwait (649), Qatar (650), and Saudi Arabia (65 1-657). Chapter Ten, "Curriculum: Social Sciences" starts with the Arab World (658-659), then Iraq (660- 663), Kuwait (664-663, and ends with Saudi Arabia (666-675). Chapter Eleven, "Curriculum: Science and Mathematics", starts with Arab States (676-683), then Bahrain (684-687), Iraq (688-694), Kuwait (695-700), and ends with Saudi Arabia (701-736). Chapter Twelve "Curriculum: Languages", begins with the Arab World (737-760), then Bahrain (761- 765), Iraq (766-791), Kuwait (792-798), and ends with Saudi Arabia (799- 823). Chapter Thirteen, "Educational Administration", begins with the Arab World (824-826), then Bahrain (827), Iraq (828-834), Kuwait (835- 842), Qatar (843-844), and ends with Saudi Arabia (845-876). Chapter Fourteen deals with "Technical And Vocational Education". It begins with the Arab World (878-889), then Bahrain (see Entry no. 1590), Iraq (890- 897), Kuwait (898-902), Oman (903), Qatar (904), Saudi Arabia (905-922), and ends with the United Arab Emirates (923). Chapter Fifteen, deals with "Special Education", and mentions only three countries: Iraq (924-926), Kuwait (927-930), and Saudi Arabia (93 1-940). Chapter Sixteen, "Literacy And Adult Education", begins with the Arab World (925-953) then includes, four countries: Iraq (954-973), Oman (974-975), Qatar (976), Saudi Arabia (977-996). Part Five, "Higher Education", consists of four chapters. Chapter Seventeen deals with "Higher Education: General" and includes the Arab 1 74 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 18.4 World (997- 1021), Bahrain (1022-1024), Iraq (1025-1O41), Kuwait (1042- 1046), Qatar (1047-1048), Saudi Arabia (1049-1080), and the United Arab Emirates (108 1- 1082). Chapter Eighteen, "Higher Education: Curriculum", begins with the Arab World (1083-1094), then Bahrain (1095-1096), Iraq (1097-1 103, Kuwait (1 106-1 1 lo), Qatar (1 112), and Saudi Arabia (1 113- 1 148). Chapter Nineteen, "Higher Education: Management", includes only three countries: Iraq (1 149-1 153, Kuwait (1 156-1 163), and Saudi Arabia (1 164-1 184). Chapter Twenty, "Higher Education: Students", begins with entries on the topic mentioning the Arab World (1185-1197), Iraq (1198- 1200), Kuwait (1201-1204), Qatar (1205), and Saudi Arabia (1206-1222) then turns (on page 385) into a different heading which is "Students in Western Universities," where the same listing is used starting with the Arab World (1223-1245), Iraq (1246-1247), Kuwait (1248-1250), and Saudi Arabia (125 1 - 1282). Part Six, "Special Topics And Issues", consists of seven chapters. Chapter Twenty-one, "Women's Education", and begins with General Works (1283-1329). Women's Education follows with the same listing: Arab World (1330-1362), Bahrain (1363-1364), Iraq (1365-1374), Kuwait (1375-1390), Qatar (1391-1393), Saudi Arabia (1394-1445), and the United Arab Emirates (1446). Chapter Twenty-Two, "Teachers And Teacher Education", begins with the Arab World (1447-1454), Bahrain (1455), Iraq (1456-1471), Kuwait (1472-1478), Oman (1479), and Saudi Arabia (1480- 1524). Chapter Twenty-Three, "Educational Planning", includes the Arab World (1525-1535), Iraq (1536-1547), Kuwait (1548- 1551), and Saudi Arabia (1552-1567). Chapter Twenty-Four, "Manpower And Education", lists the Arab World (1568-1610), Bahrain (1611-1613), Iraq (1614-1619), Kuwait (1620-1629), Oman (1630), Qatar (cross refer- ence), Saudi Arabia (1631-1653), and the United Arab Emirates (1654- 1655). Chapter Twenty-Five, "Guidance And Counseling", includes the Arab World (1656), Iraq (1657), Kuwait (1658-1661), and Saudi Arabia (1662-167 1). Chapter Twenty-Six, "Educational Media And Instructional Technology", lists the Arab World (1672-1686), Bahrain (1687-1688), Iraq (1689-1693), Kuwait (1694-1699), Qatar (17OO-l7O2), and Saudi Arabia (1703- 173 1). Finally, Chapter Twenty-Seven, "Research, Science And Technology", lists the Arab Worldgeneral entries from 1732 to 1775 and is followed by author, then subject indices. El-Sannbary has collected a very large number of entries and dealt with all subjects connected to education. Education In The Arab Gulfstates And Book Reviews 175 The Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography is a very useful reference to any specialist in education in general, and scholars interested in the Gulf States, in particular. It is also useful to those interested in an area related to Islam and education. The material is presented in a highly organized manner. Searching for specific information is made easy by the division of the book into its six parts, and by the chapter titles dealing with different topics. The mention in some chapters of works done on either the Arab W arid in general or general works that are relevant to the topic is also useful. An index indicating the number of entries on each country and where they could be found would have been even more helpful to country specialists. It would also indicate the countries and areas where shortage of research occurs. Although it is understood that this work deals mainly with material found in the United States, some major references from the countries themselves would have been very useful. This work, in general, is valuable and more of this sort is needed in many other fields. Zeinab Ibrahim Executive Director The Center for Arabic Study Abroad The American University in Cairo