id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
ajiss-439		ajiss-439		26	.pdf	application/pdf	11542	477	55	Lütfi Pasha, who used this hadith to glorify the Ottoman dynasty, assumed that the most recent “renewers of the faith” were Osman Bey who, at the beginning of the eighth Islamic century, had restored Islam after the conquests of the pagan Mongols; Mehmed I (reigned 1413-21) who, at the beginning of the ninth Islamic century, had revived the faith after the destructions of Timur; and Selim I (reigned 1512-20) who, at the beginning of the tenth Islamic century, had defeated the Safavid “infidel,” Shah Isma`il, and upheld the Shari`ah.63 46 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 According to M. Es’ad, apart from those mentioned above, Sultan Mahmud II is the mujaddid of the laws of Islam by virtue of renewing mat- ters relating to religion, the imperial council (divan), the scribe (kalemiya), and the army (sayfiya) at the beginning of the thirteenth Islamic century.64 There is no doubt that Mahmud II was the renewer of the laws of Islam (mujaddid al-qawanin al-Islam) and of the pillar the state (al-arkan al- dawlah).65 Here again, the title sought to respond to the public’s resentment of the reforms; in other words, Mahmud II cleared the way for a new path for the Ottoman Empire by renewing the old Ottoman system. For instance, in 1829 during a Friday prayer attended by Shaykh al-Islam Abdulwahhab Efendi and other state dignitaries, a strange dervish cursed the shaykh al-Islam, accusing him 40 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 of influencing the sultan to adopt false rites.25 Another dervish, Shaykh Sachli, stopped Mahmud II on the road and shouted at him: “Infidel sultan!	cache/ajiss-439.pdf	txt/ajiss-439.txt