ajiss: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ajiss.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Muslim; Social; Islam; World; Muslims; Women; God; Knowledge; State; Book; Chapter; Qur’an; Law; Ibn; People; Religion; Society; Human; Education; Ibid; History; Prophet; Sciences; Life; West; Studies; Scholars; Page; Community; Thought; Press; Science; Allah; Arab; Development; Identity; War; Conference; Http://www.software-partners.co.uk; Author; Rights; Muhammad; Power; System; Middle; States; Tradition; Как; Что; Politics; East; Theory; Christian; Century; Democracy; Man; Work; Countries; Government; Iran; Time; Philosophy; Nature; Authority; Africa; Movement; United; Modernity; Hadith; Media; British; Arabic; Ethics; Economics; Values; Ummah; Modem; Ислама; Non; Ali; Justice; Policy; Egypt; Language; Behavior; Peace; Pakistan; Europe; Faith; Western; Malaysia; Literature; Text; India; Dialogue; Ottoman; Asia; Ahmad; Panel; Gender; Fiqh; Economy; Change; Session; Turkey; Leadership; Globalization; Process; Economic; European; Nation; Sunnah; Art; Khan; Southeast; Group; Architecture; Jews; Laws; Verse; Nationalism; Jihad; Secular; Paper; Works; Business; Terms; Bir; Saudi; Party; Revolution; Ahmed; Paradigm; Qur'an; Ijtihad; Children; Faruqi; Country; Conflict; Sociology; Soul; Translation; Asad; Banking; Iiit; Persian; Islamist; Capital; Cairo; Fundamentalism; Use; Authors; Percent; Ghazali; Iranian; Organizations; Verses; Syria; Indian; Veil; Canada; Shi‘i; Lebanon; Spring; Modernization; Scholarship; Field; Section; Post; Citizenship; Sufism; Interpretation; Anthropology; Holy; Iraq; Liberalism; Labor; İslam; Practices; Death; Malay; Oil; Yemen; Slavery; Shi`i; French; Love; Story; Arabs; Weiss; Seminar; Feminist; Rahman; Stories; Oic; Poetry; Girls; Exegesis; Female; Accounting; Din; Earth; Word; Hassan; Activism; Egyptian; Elections; Objectives; Commentary; Palestinian; Cham; Renewal; Environment; Administration; Essay; Poem; Food; Khomeini; Bible; Forces; Makkah; Hindu; Industry; Delhi; Tolerance; Medicine; Ulema; Nursi; Dabashi; Americans; Isis; Accounts; German; Han; Immigrants; Kitab; Racism; Duty; Council; Service; Geography; Religiosity; Latin; Qaradawi; Narrative; Fatwa; Crusades; Classification; Encounter; Tales; Transplantation; Prisoners; Sierra; Legitimacy; Uzbekistan; Jones; Emerson; Othman; Shi'i; Philadelphia; Princeton; Water; Israeli; Madinah; Popper; Awakening; Fozi; Allamah; Arkoun; Hizbu'llah; Katz; Masters; Bennis; Kitaab; Forensic; Harvard; Brunei; Soas; Griffin; Balādhurī; Durr; Aqṭash; Wisdom; Jesuits

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Applying Wasaṭīyah within the Malaysian Religio-Political Context by El-Muhammady, Ahmad (2015.0) - Mahathir’s implementation of Islamic values in his administration is another indicator of inculcating a “moderate” Islam, despite the comments of some observers that its real goal was to placate the Islamist opposition Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) party.10 Badawi’s ascendancy to the premiership in 2003 represented another pro- gressive step toward implementating wasaṭīyah: the introduction of Islam Hadhari (civilizational Islam) initiatives. The resulting tolerance and reasonable accommodation is a give-and-take situation and is obviously the basis of Malaysia’s stability.8 One can conclude that modern Malaysia was built upon the principle of mod- El-Muhammady: Applying Wasaṭīyah 135 ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 135 eration due to the resulting power-sharing principle, peaceful coexistence, and mutual respectability. Keywords: approach; extremism; international; islam; islamic; malaysia; moderation; muslim; wasaṭīyah
• Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam: Adopting a Wasaṭīyah Strategy by Haron, Muhammed (2015.0) - An accompanying expo ex- hibited the goods manufactured in DMDI member states. Abstract Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam (Malay World Islam World) may be considered one of the State of Melaka’s flagship NGOs. Keywords: africa; communities; dmdi; dunia; islam; islamic; malay; malaysia; melayu; muslim; university
• Violent Muslim Extremism Flagrantly Dares the World: A Critical Reflection by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2015.0) - If the West is serious about defeating violent extremism, it should think about the resources and manpower deployed against the Nazis’ actual threat and perceived potential vis-à-vis its current mobilization of resources against the real threat and potential posed by violent Muslim extremists. I employ violent Muslim extremists here because it accurately describes the people I have in mind: Those Muslims who are violent and extremist, and nobody else. Keywords: american; extremism; middle; muslim
• Muslim Women, Transnational Feminism, and the Ethics of Pedagogy: Contested Imaginaries in Post-9/11 Cultural Practice By Lisa K. Taylor and Jasmin Zine, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2014. 316 pages.) by Arik, Hülya (2015.0) - With a concern for the material affects of such representations on the lives of young Muslim women and girls, Zine discusses possibilities for “decolonizing” such texts. In her analysis, Khan critiques the construction of communal identities and boundaries through women’s bodies and draws connections with contemporary representations of Muslim men and women in the context of the “war on terror.” Keywords: discourses; imperialist; muslim; pedagogy; reading; women
• Encyclopaedic Works on Islamic Political Thought and Movements in the Twenty-first Century by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2015.0) - It could also be recommended for use as an essential and important reference guide; a must-read for everyone interested in Islamic political thought, Islam and pol- itics, and/or political Islam. During last two decades or so, many encyclopedias have been published on Islam and its history – classical to contemporary – with a modern approach, among them Richard Martin’s two-volume Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 1 and John L. Esposito’s Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World.2 Other encyclopedic works focus on specific eras, like Josef Meri’s Medieval Islamic Civilization.3 One more category is that of Islam and politics, political Islam, and/or the various facets, complexities, and intricacies of Islamic movements. Keywords: encyclopedia; entries; islam; islamic; movements; muslim; politics; thought; world
• Hassan al-Turabi’s Discourse on the Arts: Conservative Prohibition and Cautious Permission by Hassan, Gubara Said; Buaben, Jabal M. (2015.0) - For some Muslims, Islamic art expresses this natural beauty as well as the miracles of God’s creation related in the Qur’an and the prophetic traditions (aḥādīth). Islamic art, whether architecture, painting, or sculpture, expresses both this natural beauty and the miracles of God’s creation: That which is on Earth We have made but as a glittering show for it, in order that We may test them – as to which of them are best in conduct. Keywords: artistic; arts; beauty; god; hassan; ibid; islamic; life; muslim; turabi
• The Martin Luther of Islam? Ismail al-Faruqi’s Impact on Contemporary Islamic Intellectualism by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2014.0) - Ismail al-Faruqi’s Impact on Contemporary Islamic Intellectualism Although I did not study under Isma’il al-Faruqi (d. 1986) Appropriately, al-Faruqi appreciates al-Ghazali’s (d. 1111) thought on īmān and then goes beyond it. Keywords: faruqi; islamic; muslim; thought; īmān
• American Muslim Women, Religious Authority, and Activism: More Than a Prayer By Juliane Hammer (Austin: The University of Texas Press, 2012. 271 pages.) by Riley, Krista (2014.0) - In Chapter 7, “Media, Representation(s), Politics,” Hammer investigates how American Muslim women have responded to the media’s negative por- trayal of Muslim women. Other topics raised here include the impact of racial dynamics in American Muslim communities (an especially noticeable absence within the analysis), the presence of American Muslim women in academia, the role of men in dis- cussions of gender and religion, and the transnational conversations and net- works growing around similar matters. Keywords: american; chapter; muslim; women
• In Good Company: Piety and Conjugality in Colonial North India by Khan, Darakhshan Haroon (2018.0) - The writings of other women from this period also hint towards the isolation they experienced in their far-flung marital homes. In the year of her birth, Mir’āt ul ‘Urūs had been in circulation for more than forty years, Tehzīb e Niswān had been in print for fifteen, and Beheshti Zewar had been selling as a guide for pious women for a decade. Keywords: ahmad; century; class; community; company; delhi; education; family; good; government; household; ilyas; india; islamic; jamā‘at; khan; maulana; movement; muslim; nazir; new; piety; thanawi; women
• Mennonite Engagement with Iran by Martin, Ed (2014.0) - A compromise – Toronto – was accepted and has worked out well: MCC students study Farsi and Islam at IKERI and Iranian students study the philosophy of religion at the Toronto School of Theology. MCC program staff took him up on this offer and introduced our organization to Ambassador Kamal Kharrazzi and some of his staff, which led to a second key relationship: Seyed Kazem Sajjadpour, a sen- ior official of the Iranian Mission and a representative of the Institute of Po- litical and International Studies (IPIS), the research and policy-making department of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Keywords: christian; dialogue; iran; iranian; mcc; mennonite; muslim; program; students
• Turkish Islamism in the Post-gezi Park Era by Yenigun, Halil Ibrahim (2014.0) - One might be justified for holding the impression that Erdoğan’s domes- tic Islamization policies, as well as his pro-Islamist policies in the Arab world, especially his staunch support for Palestine’s Hamas, Egypt’s Muslim Broth- erhood, and the Free Syrian Army, are clear evidence of his Islamism. Most accounts that have suggested the Turkish conservative-democratic or “post-Islamist” model as an operational formula for the Muslim world have recently had to be revisited. Keywords: ajiss31; erdoğan; gezi; government; islamist; jdp; june; muslim; november; page; park; post; protests; social; turkey
• Gender and Islam in Southeast Asia: Women’s Rights Movements, Religious Resurgence, and Local Traditions By Susanne Schroter, ed. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013. 335 pages.) by Abbas, Megan Brankley (2014.0) - She argues Book Reviews 109 ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 109 that most Muslim women in political positions “belong to, or are supported by, the traditional elite that seems to attach more value to the perpetuation of its own dynasties than to an Islamic debate about women in leading positions” (p. 217). Despite the volume’s breadth of disciplinary and geographic contributions, its authors share a common project: the recuperation of Muslim women’s his- tory, and especially female Muslim agency, amidst the rise of Islamization in Southeast Asia. Keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; women
• Islam in the Hinterlands: Muslim Cultural Politics in Canada By Jasmine Zine, ed. (Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 2012. 325 pages.) by Takim, Liyakat (2014.0) - The book also suggests that many Canadian Muslims act as cultural mediators, as they protest the boundaries of Islamic discourse and contribute to the integrationist and anti-extremist discourse. So far, Canadian Muslims have depended heavily on imported imams whose views are shaped in (and by) the East and who are not engaged with Islamic reform. Keywords: canadian; islamic; muslim; women
• British Asian Muslim Women, Multiple Spatialities, and Cosmopolitanism: By Fazila Bhimji (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 176 pages.) by Piela, Anna (2014.0) - This book is a valuable contribution to the growing body of research on the experiences and identities of British Muslim women. Chapter 5 includes three case studies of British Asian Muslim women working in the arts. Keywords: bhimji; muslim; research; women
• The Future of Islam: By John L. Esposito (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 234 pages.) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2014.0) - Esposito examines the reinsertion of Islam into Muslim politics and society in an attempt to analyze its impact and global implications and also to answer such questions as “What is political Islam?” and “Are all Islamic movements a threat?” 142 Chapter 2, “God in Politics,” provides the background and context for understanding political Islam, the role of religion in politics and society, and Islam’s impact upon Muslim societies and the West. Keywords: islam; muslim
• Psychological Reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi’s Life and Contributions by Badri, Malik (2014.0) - I therefore had a good opportunity to appreciate the influence of MSA’s devoted Muslim stu- dents on al-Faruqi, an influence that led him to abandon Arabism and embrace Islamism. Such scholars as Mohammad Qutb, Abul Azaim, Abu Hatab, Abdullah At- tayyib, and al-Faruqi conducted brainstorming sessions in which everyone participated. Keywords: arab; arabism; faruqi; islamic; muslim; students; university
• Aristotelian Dialectic, Medieval Jadal, and Medieval Scholastic Disputation by Widigdo, Mohammad Syifa Amin (2018.0) - After the name of al-Qaffāl al-Shāshī (d. 365/976) was linked with the initial development of “praiseworthy dialectic,” some other jadal works were written. Later theological jadal writings emerged with the purpose of either criticizing or defending Ibn Rīwandī, as in the case of al-Kaʿbī al-Balkhī (d. 319/931) and al-Ashʿarī (d. 319/931). Keywords: argument; aristotelian; aristotle; deduction; dialectic; disputation; greek; jadal; medieval; muslim; opponent; premises; refutation; thesis; truth
• Islam and the University Curriculum: Experiences of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education by Haron, Muhammed (2014.0) - How do non-Muslim students respond to the content of courses that mainly deal with Islam and Muslims? In the morning session, Farid Panjwani (University of London’s Institute of Education), who teaches Muslim education and has written on “Muslim education,” asked “How do we study ‘Islam’ in the university curriculum?” Keywords: education; islam; muslim; study; university
• Voice of Islamic Moderation from the Malay World: By Mohd Kamal Hassan (Perak, Malaysia: Emerging Markets Innovative Research, 2011. 358 pages.) by Miharja, Nurhidayahti Mohammad (2014.0) - In- tended mainly for a non-Muslim audience, it seeks to represent the voice of Islamic moderation (al-wasaṭīyah) from the multi-ethnic, multi-religious Malaysian context. With a heavy focus on the writings of Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the concept of Islamic moderation is further analyzed in the hope that it will build a bridge of peaceful co-existence be- tween Muslims and non-Muslims. Keywords: education; islamic; moderation; muslim
• New Ventures into the Field of Interreligious Dialogue by Dastmalchian, Amir (2014.0) - Turning to some of the chapters of the volume we can begin by noting Leonard Swidler’s history of interreligious dialogue in chapter 1. Swidler charts the rise of interreligious dialogue and the increasing awareness of its need, postulating that we are now facing a significant new era in human his- Keywords: chapter; christian; communication; dialogue; firestone; interfaith; islam; muslim
• IIIT Intellectual Panels by Siddiqui, Muhammad; Dorroll, Courtney (2014.0) - Ermin Sinanovic IIIT) ended the session by articulating IIIT’s mission and focus on reforming Islamic education by bringing together diverse schol- ars to address the issue of contemporary Islamic education. Session 1: Reform of Education Ebrahim Moosa (University of Notre Dame) contended that Islamic thought and education have stagnated due to Islamic institutions’ fear that secular ed- ucation will have a negative influence on Muslim education. Keywords: education; iiit; islamic; muslim; session; university
• World Conference on Islamic Thought and Civilization: The Contemporary State of Muslim Affairs by Haron, Muhammed (2014.0) - Fatimah Abdullah (International Islamic University of Malaysia The second keynote speaker, Serif Ali Tekalan (vice-chancellor, Fatih Uni- versity, Turkey) spoke on “The Role of Waqf in Islamic Civilization: Turkey’s Experience in Waqf for Education.” Keywords: civilization; conference; islamic; muslim; university; world
• Arab Spring, Islamist Ice Age: Islamism, Democracy, and the Dictatorship of the “Liberalism of Fear” in the Era of Revolutions by El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (2013.0) - The outcome was a decisive victory for Islamist groups. Moderate Islamist groups like Tunisia’s En- nahda Party look well suited to play this role and have done so. Keywords: 8/16/2013; affendi; ajiss304; arab; brotherhood; democracy; egypt; groups; islamic; islamist; liberal; morsi; muslim; page; power; spring
• Apostasy in Islam: By Taha Jabir Alalwani (London: IIIT, 2011. 157 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G.E. (2013.0) - As it stands, such hadiths were part of a power discourse constructed over time and linked to historical intra-Muslim political rivalries, much of which is being rehashed today. This lucid and concise book is an important and timely contribution in light of current intra-Muslim political rivalries that find their fueling justifications in the domain of “excommunication” and mutual accusations of disbelief and apostasy (takfīr). Keywords: apostasy; muslim
• Why Islam (Properly Understood) Is the Solution: Reflections on the Role of Religion in Tunisia’s Democratic Transition by Hashemi, Nader (2013.0) - An autocratic modernizing state, often with critical external support, suffo- cated civil society and thus forced oppositional activity into the mosque, which inadvertently contributed to the rise of political Islam. A comparative treatment of political secularism in Europe and the Islamic world helps to clarify this point. Keywords: democracy; islamic; muslim; post; religion; tunisia; world
• Islamic Reform Movements after the Arab Spring by Willoughby, Jay (2013.0) - Peter Mandaville (George Mason University), addressing a panel discus- sion on “Islam and Politics after the Uprisings: Case Studies,” asked “How can we talk about post-Islamism if the Islamists won?” Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied (National University of Singapore), “An Islamicate Awakening: Revival and Reform in the Arab World and the ABIM Connection,” asserted that there is too much emphasis on the Middle East and North Africa, for the ummah is vast and interconnected. Keywords: brotherhood; muslim; spring; university
• Muslim Diaspora in the West: Negotiating Gender, Home, and Belonging By Haideh Moghissi and Halleh Ghorashi, eds. (Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2011. 228 pages.) by Piela, Anna (2013.0) - The focus on gender, home, and belonging em- phasizes the particular challenge faced by Muslim women: Their bodies are the battleground for the ideological wars fought by western governments on the one hand, and by political Islamists on the other (pp. 30-31). Many chapters, for example Farkhani’s, Balchin’s, Farkhondeh’s, Buitelaar and Stock’s, and Moghissi’s, demonstrate clearly that Muslim women who participated in their research effectively defy the stereotype of silent, passive women who are prevented from exerting their agency by patriarchal religious men; however, these essays are careful and nuanced in that they identify creative and original strategies developed by these women to negotiate their multi-layered identities. Keywords: belonging; muslim; united; women
• Hallaq’s Challenge: Can the Shari‘ah Save Us from Modernity? by Anjum, Ovamir (2013.0) - When not used for oppression, the machinery of state governance can be turned by leaders into a represen- tative of the people’s will, determining thereby what the state will become: a liberal democracy, a socialist regime, or an Islamic state implementing the values and ideals enshrined in the Qur’an and those that the Prophet had once realized in his “mini-state” of Medina. Ovamir Anjum Abstract Wael Hallaq, a leading western scholar of Islamic law, throws down the gauntlet in this daring book, challenging not only Orien- talist distortions of Islam but also turning the tables on modernity, the ubiquitous and ineluctable paradigm that informs nearly all thinking, Muslim and non-Muslim, about the Shari‘ah. Keywords: hallaq; islamic; law; modernity; moral; muslim; shari‘ah; state
• Finding Mecca in America: How Islam is Becoming an American Religion By Mucahit Bilici (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2012. 257 pages.) by Lizzio, Celene Ayat (2013.0) - Yet, given the rate of growth and development of American Muslim institutions and social networks, it may be more apt to speak of Islam as part of an American multireligious heritage. In Finding Mecca in America: How Islam is Becoming an American Religion, Muchit Bilici explores the rapid increase of American Muslim educational, cultural, religious, and civic institutions, as well as how September 11, the so-called war on terror, and most recently media coverage of the Arab Spring have given American Muslims a unique visibility in the American public sphere. Keywords: american; bilici; islam; muslim
• Islam, Religion, Practice, Culture and World Order: By Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2012. 96 pages.) by Sodiq, Yushau (2013.0) - Isma‘il al-Faruqi (1921-86), a reformer, a visionary, and a great modern scholar, wrote on several aspects of Islam and Muslim interactions with major spiritual traditions of the world. In part 1, al-Faruqi eloquently defines who is a Muslim, what Islam is, and why a Muslim is a Muslim. Keywords: faruqi; islam; muslim
• The Emergence of a Muslim Minority in the Ado-Ekiti Kingdom of Southwestern Nigeria by Olawale, Sulaiman Kamal-deen (2013.0) - M. A. Kareem, “Advent and Spread of Islam in Ekiti-State, 1840-2000 C.E” (Ph.D. thesis, Department of Religious, University of Ado Ekiti, 2009), 14-20. K. M. Raji, “Da’wah Activities of Shaykh Jamiu Ademuakun Ogunrinde A. K. A. Larubawa and Dandawi in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State” (M. A dissertation, Depart- ment of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Ibadan, 2001), 52. 15. Keywords: ado; century; ekiti; ibadan; islam; islamic; journal; king; muslim; nigeria; people; state; studies; university
• The Levant: Reconciling a Century of Contradictions by Hashem, Mazen (2012.0) - Later on, Assad established a more complex basis for political power. The tribal affiliations in Libya operated mainly on the social level, while in Yemen both the regime and the opposition had tribal affiliations that mitigated political power. Keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; alawites; american; arab; assad; country; damascus; identity; islamic; military; muslim; national; page; party; people; power; regime; region; revolution; syria; system
• Good Governance in Islam: Classical and Contemporary Approaches by Willoughby, Jay (2012.0) - Thus, in his view, the main question is how to get Muslim states to share their sovereignty with in- ternational organizations to advance human rights in a meaningful way. He called upon Muslims to go beyond the Qur’an and Sunnah in their attempt to organize modern Islamic society, one run by Islamists and reason- able people. Keywords: good; governance; human; ibn; islamic; muslim; people; session; society; state; university
• Editorial by Mufti, Malik; Bullock, Katherine (2012.0) - Third, as Table 1shows, judging by the most recent election results, in most of the Middle Eastern states at least, political parties rooted in an Islamist background are likely to garner the lion’s share of electoral support for some time to come: The challenges of balancing between majoritarian democracy and minority rights, and of upholding tolerance over bigotry, are now approached from the opposite perspective by Mus- lims – a somewhat frightening but also potentially enriching experience for the further development of Islamic political thought. Keywords: elections; muslim; social; spring; world
• Muslims and Media Images: News Versus Views By Ather Farouqui, ed. (New York: Oxford UP, 2011. pbk. 368 pages.) by Oumlil, Kenza (2012.0) - The first part of the book, “English Media: Image and Perception,” provides a contextual overview of some of the main issues, including the constraints within which Indian media operates, such as the imperative to make a profit that effectively dilutes social responsibility (Vinod Mehta). The uniqueness of the collection lies in the grounded approach taken to study the topic of media images of Indian Muslims. Keywords: indian; media; muslim; press; urdu
• The Levant Reconciling a Century of Contradictions by Hashem, Mazen (2012.0) - The land of new Syria was further truncated; Lebanon to the southwest was carved out, as well as Iskenderun to the northeast (now part of Turkey). Although the revolution in Syria is unfolding within the modern politi- cal boundaries of this country, its proper understanding is not attainable without putting it in a larger historical context, which includes the adjacent geographical areas of the Levant, Bilad al-Sham. Keywords: alawite; american; arab; assad; ba’ath; century; countries; country; identity; islamic; levant; military; muslim; party; people; power; regime; revolution; social; syria; system; turkey
• Reform, Radicalism, and the Role of Islam in Modern Societies by Sinanović, Ermin (2012.0) - He lists only one book and one article by Ramadan and no books or articles by al-Qaradawi in its bibliography. Esposito’s book charts a possible way to the future, built on mutual recognition, respect, and pluralism. Keywords: book; calvert; esposito; hafez; islam; muslim; qutb; reform
• I Speak for Myself: American Women on Being Muslim By Eds. Maria M. Ebrahimji and Zahra T. Suratwala (Ashland, OR: White Cloud Press, 2011, pbk. 236 pages.) by Rashid, Hussein (2012.0) - The editors indicate that they wanted the authors to write essays that reflected their comfortable relationship to country and faith, but otherwise they left the theme open. Although the editors seem to have hoped for a diverse outpouring of essays, and there is a great deal of diversity, there are certain common themes. Keywords: american; essays; muslim
• A Survey of Four Indo-Pakistani Scholars’ Perspectives on the Islam-Democracy Discourse by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2012.0) - It is supported by the principles of equality, freedom, public welfare, the rule of law, the protection of human rights, the accountability of the rulers, the transparency of political processes, and an overriding concern for justice.3 Views of Four Living Indo-Pakistani Muslim Intellectuals on the Compatibility of Islam and Democracy This section presents the views of four Indo-Pakistani thinkers on the compatibility of Islam and democracy. In his article, “Is Islam Compatible with Democracy and Modernity?”, while answering the question, “Whether Islam and democracy are compat- ible?,” Engineer says that it is true that Shūrā and a modern representative democracy may not be exactly similar ‒ however, the spirit of modern democracy and the Qur’ānic injunction to consult people is the same in spirit. Keywords: ahmad; democracy; engineer; form; government; islam; islamic; muslim; scholars; state; world
• Muslim Intellectualism in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2011.0) - The role of civil society, journalists, women’s groups, and the youth in the anti-regime struggles • Critical studies of the work of scholars who have aimed for political change in their societies • The role of the ulama in promoting or resisting anti-regime forces • Critical studies of the regimes, their structures of power, and their ability to either resist or not resist popular uprisings • Muslim responses to some of the specific issues that have come to the fore ‒ democracy, pluralism, and tolerance; women’s rights; economic reform; and the recalibration of foreign policy • Do Muslims in Western democracies have something distinctive to contribute to these efforts of regime change? Suggested Topics and Approaches First of all, Muslim researchers must challenge the deeply rooted theo- ries on, and approaches to, several topics. Keywords: citizenship; islamic; journal; muslim; social; uprisings; world
• The Closing of the Muslim Mind: How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis by Robert R. Reilly (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2010. hbk. 244 pages.) by Griffel, Frank (2011.0) - Reilly defends Pope Benedict XVI’s critical remarks on Muslim theology (56–58) and ends his book with the recommendation that Sunni Islam might do well and adopt Catholic Thomist theology (199). His book comes with a foreword and no fewer than ten endorsements by colleagues of Reilly, which praise his erudition, insight, and abil-ity to analyze and explain the Muslim mind. Keywords: book; islamic; muslim; reilly
• Editorial by Esposito, John L.; Yusu, Imtiyaz (2011.0) - Professor Ismail al Faruqi has played a very special role in the lives of his students, including us ‒ Memoirs At a recent international seminar on Professor Ismail al Faruqi, Professor John Esposito reminisced about how he came to study Islamic studies and the legacy of Professor al Faruqi1: When I met Ismail, it was typically Ismail. Keywords: faruqi; islamic; ismail; knowledge; muslim; professor; time
• Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment: Philosophies of Hope and Despair: By Ali Mirsepassi (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. pbk. 241 pages) by Dastmalchian, Amir (2011.0) - 241 pages Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment is Mirsepassi’s latest trea- tise that focuses on the Iranian intellectual and political climate. Mirsepassi is concerned to show the German and French intellectual influences of Is- lamist intellectuals as they search for an appropriate response to modernity. Keywords: mirsepassi; modernity; muslim
• Peace among Muslims: Religious Obligation or Political Expediency? by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2011.0) - Sadly, leaders of Muslim nations seem to care more about political expediency (even if unpopular with average Muslims) than socioreligious imperatives. Though it is highly tempting to use specific names of modern Muslim groups and nations, and this may also help contextualize the editorial, I have avoided using names in order to maintain neutrality and shift emphasis from the ac- tors to the Islamic worldview on peace. Keywords: groups; islamic; muslim; nations; peace
• Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North (Religion and Global Politics Series) by Linda Herrera and Asef Baya, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. pbk. 426 pages) by Shehadeh, Hala (2011.0) - 125Reviews The four chapters in the fourth part explore Muslim youth identities. 426 pages Being Young and Muslim is a compilation of narratives that address the cultural politics of Muslim youth from multiple perspectives—youthful lifestyles, rebellion, and accommodations signify the “intricate relation- ship between the young, youth identities and Islam” (19). Keywords: chapter; islam; muslim; social; youth
• Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam by Akbar Ahmed (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010. hbk. 528 pages) by Hashemi, Manata (2011.0) - As such, the work represents one of the first post-9/11 sociological commen- taries that attempt to define the nature of American Muslim identity and the possibilities for its reevaluation. The author examines American identity and its forma- tion through an exploration of the historical episodes, which have shaped the distinctive ideological strains that form it; the ethnography of Islam in America and the issues facing native and immigrant Muslim populations in America—as well as the sociocultural factors leading to the conversion 127Reviews of white and Latino Americans to Islam—and finally, Ahmed offers a com- parison of Muslims to other minority groups in the United States, including Jews and Mormons and the ways each group has adjusted to the presence of the other. Keywords: ahmed; american; identity; muslim
• Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries (Islamic Studies Series): By Göran Larsson, ed. (Oxon, UK and New York: Routledge, 2009. hbk. 147 pages) by Shayan, Fatemeh (2011.0) - A focus on interviews and the use of techniques of participant observation might have helped the reader examine the everyday lives of Muslims in the discussed countries and situated them in the broader discus- sion of Muslims and Islam in Europe in regard to the specific differences of Muslim communities. It has the potential to be a pivotal reference work for scholars of history and all researchers interested in Islam and Muslim communities in northern Europe and the Baltic region. Keywords: chapter; islam; muslim
• The Muslim Contribution to the Renaissance: By Ahmed Essa with Othman Ali (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010. pbk. 312 pages) by Gaber, Tammy (2011.0) - 312 pages Despite this being the age when information is readily available, the analy- sis, the dissemination, and the effect of pioneering Islamic knowledge in all fields is a relatively recent endeavor with only a handful of books that cover these areas from an academic point of view. Here, as in most parts of the book, Western references are used to substantiate the phenomenon of Islamic influence. Keywords: chapter; europe; islamic; muslim
• Introducing Islam: By William Shepard (Oxon, RN: Routledge, 2009. 333 pages.) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2010.0) - In various subtitles, it seems, there are a number of borrowed terms/phrases: “true Islam” (p. 3), “superpowers” (p. 13), “Pan-Islamic” (p. 218), and “Turkism” (p. 219). Book Reviews 119 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:4 Despite such shortcomings, however, the author deserves special appre- ciation for bringing to the forefront such an informative and comprehensive work on Islamic history and civilization. Keywords: chapter; islamic; muslim
• Can Islam Be French? By John R. Bowen (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. 230 pages.) by Morrow, John Andrew (2010.0) - Although subtle in argument, Bowen suggests that Islamic values and French secularism could be compatible on the condition that both sides make concessions. Chapter 6, which wonders whether Islamic schools can really be republican, examines the case of Dhaou Meskine’s Success School, how Muslim schools manage to teach a secular curriculum, Muslim family camp, and closes with coverage of Mes- kine’s arrest. Keywords: french; islam; muslim
• Cosmopolitan Islam: Globalization, Transnationalism, and Muslim Diasporas by Khan, Saeed A. (2010.0) - AMSS presi- dent Ali Mazrui (State University of New York at Binghamton) ended the day’s events with a succinct summary of the papers and ideas presented. On the panel “Challenges of Globalization in Muslim Diasporas,” Saeed A. Khan (Wayne State University) offered a new theoret- ical approach to studying Muslims in the West by applying world systems theory in a transatlantic context. Keywords: identity; muslim; panel; university
• Contributing to Islamic Ethics by Mohamed, Yasien; Swazo, Norman K. (2010.0) - This special issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences focuses on Islamic ethics, especially ethics as applied to such contemporary issues as bioethics, the environment, human rights, and evolution. In recent centuries, religious texts have dominated the seminaries’ curricula and thereby alienated their graduates from the rich intellectual heritage of Islamic ethics. Keywords: ethics; god; human; islamic; justice; muslim; rights; social; society; version
• Muslims in America: A Short History by Edward E. Curtis IV (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 144 pages.) by Rahemtulla, Shadaab (2010.0) - In making the case for a religious revival among Muslim Americans, Curtis documents the mass establishment of Muslim schools, mosques, and Islamic associations as well as an emerging discourse and culture of religious piety. In the final chapter, “Muslim Americans after 9/11,” the author empha- sizes Muslim Americans’ shock and condemnation of the September 11th attacks. Keywords: americans; curtis; muslim
• Educating the Muslims of America: By Yvonne Y. Haddad, Farid Senzai, and Jane I. Smith, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 277 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2010.0) - The chapter’s optimistic tone, along with the substantiated research and description, highlight some of the great potentials that Muslim schools have in America. Chapter 10, “Authentic Interactions Eliminating the Anonymity of Otherness” by Barbara Sahili, Christina Safiya Tobias-Nahi, and Mona Abo- Zena, vividly portrays the opportunities of primary Muslim schools that reg- ularly engage and invite groups from local public schools. Keywords: chapter; education; islamic; muslim
• Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context: By M. Reza Pirbhai (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009. 370 pages.) by Robinson, Francis (2010.0) - What is crucial, he insists, is that all remain equally valid expressions of doctrinal Islam, provided that no value judgment is made about what is orthodox Islam. There is no great origi- nality in what he has to say, for instance, about the Sober Path’s rise to dom- inance in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, or in the contributions of the new Intoxicated Way and the new Sober Path, along with other factors, to the rise of a Muslim political identity in South Asian politics. Keywords: islam; muslim; path
• Miss USA 2010, Muslim American Cyber-Discourse, and the Question of Exhaustion by Delgado, Janan (2010.0) - Forum Miss USA 2010, Muslim American Cyber-Discourse, and the Question of Exhaustion Janan Delgado On 16 May 2010, NBC Universal and Donald Trump gave the Muslim American community its first Muslim Miss USA.1 Upon finding out the basics – Rima Fakih is of Lebanese Shi`ite origin and represented Michigan at the beauty pageant – many began to wonder what the appropriate response should be: a “Thank you, Mr. Trump” and befitting celebrations, a “No thank you, Mr. Trump” and its share of condemnation, or an ambiva- lent “something in between.” Yet when Linda Sarsour (director, the Arab American Association of New York) opted for an exhilarated “Yes!,” she explained it in the following terms: “What a breath of fresh air for the Arab-American community, to have Rima Fakih named Miss USA 2010 … Keywords: american; fakih; islamic; miss; muslim; rima; usa; victory
• Indonesian Muslim Intelligentsia and Power: By Yudi Latif (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008. 544 pages.) by Daniels, Timothy P. (2010.0) - He distin- guishes between “intelligentsia” and “intellectuals,” noting that “the term ‘intelligentsia’ referred to a social stratum and indicated the ‘collective response’ of a particular collective identity, as a reflection of common edu- cational criteria, psycho-socio-graphics, value system, habitus and collective memory” (p. 16). He describes how “mod- ernist” and “clerical” intelligentsia expanded the public sphere and formed several proto-nationalist associations. Keywords: intelligentsia; latif; muslim
• Jinn n’ (No Freshly Squeezed) Juice: Interracial Tensions and Muslim Image-Making in the “Hood” by Alhassen, Maytha (2010.0) - Her work focused on introducing healthier alternatives to a community subjected to an illegal proliferation of liquor stores. All the spaces that could accommodate groceries are taken over by liquor stores.” Keywords: african; american; arab; community; interview; liquor; liquor stores; muslim; oakland; stores; yemeni
• Democracy in Islam: The Views of Several Modern Muslim Scholars by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2010.0) - Shura, regarded both as an alternative for and as synonymous with democracy, is located in the historical context by presenting examples from the prophetic and pious caliphate periods as well as with modern reinterpre- tations in order to lay the foundations of “Islamic democracy.” A galaxy of intellectual stars throughout the Muslim world is striving to shape a Muslim understanding of “Islamic democracy.” Keywords: democracy; government; islam; islamic; muslim; principles; shura; system
• Islam, Muslims, and the Media by Zohdy, Nada (2010.0) - He noted that the religious perspectives portrayed in ethnic-based media outlets are informed by their ethnic orientations, named some prominent Muslim voices in main- stream British media to illustrate general Muslim access to them, and said that a paradigmatic shift occurred after the 7 July 2005 London bombings (e.g., “terrorist” was replaced with “extremist” and religious associations with acts of violence were not made prematurely). In clos- Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 153 ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:42 PM Page 153 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com ing, he said that while media coverage of Muslims seems to have improved in recent years, a great amount of progress still needs to be made. Keywords: media; msu; muslim; university
• Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée by Eric Tagliacozzo, ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009. 360 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2010.0) - In the final section, John Sidel attempts to give “historical depth and soci- ological breadth” (p. 278) to the “journalist reportage, government press releases […] and pseudo-academic writings of self-styled ‘terrorism experts’ with little specialist knowledge of the region” (p. 276) on global networks of radical Islamism and political extremism that appear to have suddenly invad- ed Muslim Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée Eric Tagliacozzo, ed. Keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
• Globalization: Its Impact on and Challenges to Education in the Muslim World by Haron, Muhammed (2010.0) - Participants also heard from Acikgenc, who concentrated on the “Turkish Experience in Islamic Education: Past, Present and Future” and provided a historical overview of Muslim education in Turkey. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports Globalization: Its Impact on and Challenges to Education in the Muslim World More than thirty years ago, the first World Conference on Muslim Education embarked upon the “Islamization of Knowledge,” a process articulated and expounded upon by the late Ismail Raji al-Faruqi (Temple University) and Naguib al-Attas, retired (ISTAC, Malaysia). Keywords: conference; education; islamic; muslim
• Islamic Traditions and Comparative Modernities by Yenigun, Halil Ibrahim (2009.0) - Panel 6, “Cultural Identity and Islam” and chaired by Zakyi Ibrahim (California State University), began with Mumtaz Ahmad’s (Hampton Uni- versity) “Ulema and Their Attitudes toward U.S.: Evidence from Bangladesh to Pakistan.” Her critique of American Muslims extended to socio-political issues as well, including how they are handling charges of terrorism, when assertive/ authoritative people turn into fearful ones, and when these same people turn a blind eye to American history by claiming that this country has – and still is – a wonderful secular one. Keywords: american; discussant; islamic; muslim; panel; university; uva; world
• The Obama Administration and US Relations with the Muslim World by Mazrui, Ali (2009.0) - As commander in chief, Obama com- mands forces greater than all of the African armies in history added together. Candidate Obama pledged to end the war in Iraq, support the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state alongside Israel, and combine military action in Afghanistan and Pakistan with considerable American resources for nation-building and economic development. Keywords: africa; american; muslim; obama; president; relations; university; world
• African Islam and Islam in Africa: Between Exceptionalism and Marginality by Mazrui, Ali A. (2009.0) - At least superficially, Arabic became a divisive force while Islam became culturally integrative between Black and non-Black Africa. Nascent Islam was partly saved by securing this asylum, and the Qur’an’s authenticity was saved by the man who was himself protected by Ethiopia. Keywords: africa; arabic; bilal; egypt; history; islam; islamic; kiswahili; muslim; words
• Political Islam and the State in Africa: By Hussein Solomon, Akeem Fadare, and Firoza Butler, eds. (Pretoria: Centre for International Political Studies (University of Pretoria), 2008. 260 pages.) by Haron, Muhammed (2009.0) - The second chapter, Ashraf Docrat’s “Sufism and Political Islam in Africa,” is somewhat disappointing in that it shifts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the late twentieth century without ever satisfactorily analyzing Sufism as a form of political Islam. The editors of this text, which focuses on the nature of political Islam and the nation-state on the African continent, have brought together a crop of scholars with divergent views. Keywords: islam; muslim; religion; state
• Sultans, Shamans & Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia by Howard Federspiel (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007. 297 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2009.0) - Federspiel sketches a three-stage scenario replicated at various places in insular Southeast Asia. ajiss 26-3-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:11 PM Sultans, Shamans & Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia Howard Federspiel Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007. Keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
• Secularism Confronts Islam: By Olivier Roy, trans. George Holoch (New York and Chichester, UK: Columbia University Press, 2007, 128 pages.) by Johnston, David L. (2009.0) - This is the “fundamentalism” he described in Globalized Islam that is per- haps best understood when observing the phenomenal growth of Protestant Pentecostalism across the globe. This might seem unduly arrogant on Olivier Roy’s part, but his past landmark books do seem to commend the perspicac- ity of his views on the subject, and most of all, The Failure of Political Islam (Harvard University Press: 1994) and Globalized Islam: The Search for the New Umma (Hurst: 2004). Keywords: islam; muslim; new; state
• Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia: By R. Michael Feener (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. hbk. 270 pages.) by Hefner, Robert W. (2009.0) - Equally important, Feener argues, Natsir’s under- standing of Islamic law was compromised by his insistence that it should be “simplified” rather than critically reelaborated (p. 87). These young researchers have made Islamic thought in Indonesia available to a global English-language readership for the first time. Keywords: chapter; islamic; muslim
• Canadian Islamic Schools: Unravelling the Politics of Faith, Gender, Knowledge, and Identity by Jasmin Zine (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. 369 pages.) by Duderija, Adis (2009.0) - It is the women and men of Islamic faith (in particular those who wear easily visible traditional religious symbols) who are feared, mistrusted, and considered dangerous or possibly as having an Islamic “fundamentalist” mentality. Zine’s contention that Islamic schools could potentially be sites of pro- duction of counter-hegemonic knowledges in the tradition of anti-colonial 128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26:2 ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:08 PM Keywords: faith; islamic; muslim; schools
• Nation, Citizenship, and Belonging: Muslim Cultural Politics in Canada by Memon, Nadeem; Eidoo, Sameena (2009.0) - She remarked that this conference sought to ask the difficult questions about whether Muslim Canadians can engage the challenges and move beyond the internal contradictions that inherently shape Muslim cultural politics. Through an analysis of four short films that she wrote and directed and that served as a catalyst for “Little Mosque on the Prairie,” Nawaz’s presence illustrated the realities of the discourses, assumptions, and trajectories explored throughout the conference, all of which emphasized the interconnectedness of nation, cit- izenship, and belonging among Muslim Canadians. Keywords: canadian; muslim; panel; university; wlu
• Islam, Civil Society, and Social Work: Muslim Voluntary Welfare Associations in Jordan between Patronage and Empowerment by Egbert Harmsen (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2008. 504 pages.) by Latief, Hilman (2009.0) - In addi- tion, various NGOs and social institutions can be categorized “politically unaffiliated NGOs” because they represent “social Islam,” as opposed to Book Reviews 107 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Salafism, which represents (religious) “puritanism” but lacks any welfare- related (social) activities. The fourth part, “Socio-Economic Aid,” consists of the practice and mechanism undertaken by Muslim NGOs to establish their social pro- grams. Keywords: muslim; ngos; social
• Advancing Muslim-Christian Dialogue Today by Johnston, David L. (2008.0) - Hence, “[a] map of Muslim Europe today represents a ghost of the industrial scene of fifty years ago” (p. 111). And even with Turkey joining the European Union (EU) (perhaps), the percentage of European Muslims in 2050 will probably not exceed one-fifth and, for the most part, might be rather well assimilated by then. Keywords: ayoub; christian; dialogue; europe; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; jenkins; muslim
• Quest for Divinity: A Critical Examination of the Thought of Mahmud Muhammad Taha by Mohamed A. Mahmoud (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2007. 309 pages.) by Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn (2008.0) - As the founder of the nationalist al-Hizb al-Jamhuri in 1945, which later became the Republican Brotherhood (al-Jamhouriyeen), Taha was both a significant political figure and a controversial theologian who was famously tried and executed for the “crime” of apostasy in 1985. Taha is unlike other modern Muslim reformers and, as Mahmoud con- cludes, his “experiment” was one of the twentieth century’s boldest and brightest. Keywords: book; muslim; taha; thought
• An Apology: Heartfelt Reflections on the Passing of a Legendary Blackamerican Muslim leader by Usman, Azhar (2008.0) - It is hoped that the passing of Imam WDM will also mark the end of a chapter in our collective American Muslim history, and perhaps now, in earnest, we can all look together toward The Third Resurrection. There are literally thousands, if not tens of thousands of young American Muslims just like me, born to immigrant parents who originate from all over the Muslim world. Keywords: american; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; imam; islam; muslim
• Political Islam and Democracy by Masmoudi, Mariem (2008.0) - The pursuit of democracy in the Muslim world is destined to be a long and difficult path, but it is critical to remember that nothing worth having comes easily, and that establishing democracies in the Muslim world will, in the end, be well worth the effort. Topics like “The Many Faces of Political Islam,” “From Taliban to Erdogan,” and refuting the notions that American policymakers “lump all Islamists into the category of terrorists and extremists” and that the United States has abandoned its rhetoric of pushing for democracy were analyzed. Keywords: democracy; islam; islamic; muslim
• Transnational Muslims in American Society: By Amina Beverly McCloud (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2006. 161 pages.) by Jerome, Alexandra (2008.0) - Particularly interesting in this chapter, however, is the author’s delving into the national identi- ties of Arab Muslims and looking at such particular cases of immigration and transnational identity as that of Palestinian Americans, who exist in an uncomfortable limbo as refugees and in a diaspora. Although South Asian and Arab Muslims outnumber Iranians in the United States, the preva- lent American image of Iranians is associated with the embassy hostage cri- sis of the early 1980s. Keywords: american; identity; muslim
• Islaamic Rulings for Incarcerated Muslims: Volume One: A Compilation of Verdicts and Rulings by Various Ulaama of Ahlis-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa’ah (Dallas: Tarbiyyah Bookstore Publishing, 2007. 96 pages.) by Kowalski, Mumina (2008.0) - This booklet lacks understanding of Islamic chaplaincy’s broad role in prison, which includes legitimate religious representation and accommoda- tion for prison inmates, with a clear recognition that such accommodation must be for all. Eighty questions, purportedly from incarcerated Mus- lims in American prisons, are answered by thirteen shaykhs and published by a bookstore, self-described as “revolutionizing authentic salafee publish- ing” (back cover). Keywords: muslim; prison; questions
• U.S. Foreign Policy, Not Islamic Teachings, Account for al-Qaeda’s Draw by Ahmad, Imad-ad-Dean; Beutel, Alejandro J. (2008.0) - Bin Laden lays them out for anyone to read. Last accessed 10 Mar. 2008; “Bin Laden Tape: Text.” Keywords: bin; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; laden; mar; muslim; policy
• Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective by Tahir Abbas, ed. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. 306 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2008.0) - But what is lacking here is a study of France and Germany, the main sites of Muslim radicalism in Europe. Apart from Abbas’ own introduction, a brief but excellent summary of the volume’s concerns and contents, the other paper that caught my eye was Ismail Patel’s examination of what one means by political radicalism on the scale from “moderate” Islamists to Salafi jihadis. Keywords: communities; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; muslim; radicalism
• The Role of Popular Muslim Movements in the Indian Freedom Struggle by Fatima, Altaf (2008.0) - Origin- ally, British Indian coins simply said “East India Company,” the chartered British company that was the ruler of British India. In the case of Muslim India, this is reflected in the historical accounts of Muslim South Asia’s decline during the eighteenth century and its final defeat in 1857. Keywords: british; company; freedom; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; india; islamic; khairabadi; movement; mughal; muslim; pdf; social; trial; version
• Protecting America’s Promise by Ahmad, Junaid S. (2008.0) - Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports Protecting America’s Promise The 2007 joint National Association of Muslim Lawyers (NAML) and National Muslim Law Students Association (NMLSA) conference took place on 9-11 November in San Francisco. Junaid S. Ahmad President, National Muslim Law Students Association JD candidate in law, College of William and Mary School of Law Williamsburg, Virginia PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Keywords: law; muslim; session
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2008.0) - Similarly, the countless hours expended by Dr. Ahmad to recruit Muslim and non-Muslim contributors added a great weight to the collaborative nature of his relationship with the founding editor-in-chief, Dr. Nyang. Biographies of the New Assistant Editors IMAD-AD-DEAN AHMAD, PH.D.: Dr. Ahmad graduated cum laude from Harvard in 1970 and went on to obtain a Ph.D. in astronomy and astrophysics from the University of Arizona (1975). Keywords: american; amss; board; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; journal; muslim; president; social; university
• Some Reflections on the First Muslim Visitor to Japan by Morris, James Harry (2018.0) - Yuán Shi ̌ 元史, Lièzhuàn dì jiǔshíwǔ wài yí yī 列傳第九十五　外夷一, Yuán Shi ̌ 元史, Lièzhuàn dì jiǔshíwǔ wài yí yī 列傳第九十五　外夷一, Keywords: chinese; envoy; japan; japanese; kamakura; month; muslim; nendaiki; paragraph; shi; sources; sādōulǔdīng; term; tokyo; xīn; yuán
• Revitalizing Higher Education in the Muslim World: By AbdulHamid A. AbuSulayman (London and Washington, DC: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2006. 41 pages.) by Nagah, Hadeer A. (2008.0) - In a very direct, easy-to-read, and simple language, the book introduces the current problematic situation of Islamic higher education and offers a practical solu- tion. Under its double- major systems, students majoring in Islamic studies are required to major in a second social science of their choice and vice versa. Keywords: islamic; muslim; ummah
• Editorial Introduction by Nyang, Sulayman S. (2008.0) - This is because of the fact that a third group of Muslims is now inextricably linked to American history and American society. Yet, having said all this about the difficulties of the immigrants from the Muslim lands, one can quickly point out that, without denying the historical precedence of the African Muslims of ante bellum America, Islam became a reality in American society only after the Muslim immigrants of the Twentieth Century began to exercise their freedom of worship in an America where each and every citizen strongly believes in his right to worship differ- ently. Keywords: american; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; muslim
• Islam, Democracy, and Public Life in South Africa and in France by Haron, Muhammed (2008.0) - The “Women, Islam, and Political Identities” panel papers were deliv- ered by Na’eem Jeenah (Freedom of Expression Institute, Johannesburg), “Muslim Women, Islamic Feminisms, and Politics in South Africa”; Sindre Bangstad (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World, Leiden University), “It Is All In Allah’s Hands: Tracing Transformations of Islamic Marriages through the Narratives of Cape Muslim Women in Poly- gynous Marriages”; and Fariba Adelkah’s (CNRS/CERI/FNSP), “Islamo- phobia and the Malaise in Anthropology: To be Veiled or not to be Veiled in Iran,” which discussed the over-politicized “veil” issue and revealed exist- ing misunderstandings within the respective antagonistic spheres of society and the state. Islam, Democracy, and Public Life in South Africa and in France During 3-5 September 2007, scholars associated with University of Wit- watersrand’s Department of Anthropology and key members of the Johan- nesburg-based Institute of French Studies in South Africa explored ways to engage South African and French scholars in forms of cooperation. Keywords: africa; france; islam; muslim; south; university
• Cosmopolitan Islamic Identity and Thought by Cutting, Christopher (2008.0) - Usamah Ansari (York University) delivered “Lucknow Ki Sar-Zameen (Lucknow from Head to Toe): Performative Citations that Produce ‘Muslim- ness’ in South Asian Cinema.” Zulfikar Hirji (York University) showed, in “Cosmopolitanism, Islam, and Empire on the Western Indian Ocean: The Case of Sheikh-Sir Mbarak Al-Hinawy (1896-1959),” how Al-Hinawy, governor of East Africa based in Mombasa, was a Muslim cosmopolitan in the way he studied and governed local cul- tural diversity in concert with other Muslim and British scholars. Keywords: cosmopolitan; islamic; muslim; panel; university; veil
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2007.0) - Katherine Bullock Editor and AMSS Vice President iv The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 Editorial In July 2007, the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) launched its new website: www.amss.net. Keywords: amss; community; dialogue; muslim
• The Canadian Muslim Network Tribute to Civil Liberties in Canada: In Honour of Maher Arar and Monia Mazigh: Statement Delivered on behalf of the Canadian Muslim Network by Dr Tyseer Aboulnast, O.ONT, Parliament Hill, Feb 14, 2007 by Aboulnast, Tyseer (2007.0) - We must make sure the countries of the world friends and foes alike know that Canada does not trample on the rights and civil liberties of its peo- ple and will not tolerate other countries trampling the rights and civil liberties of Canadians. Today, as we celebrate the hard work of many dedicated Canadians from all walks of life, including several elected officials from all parties, as we celebrate the hope that was restored in all of us by the actions of our court system, as we celebrate the recent responsible act of acknowledgment of the government of the grave miscarriage of justice in the case of Maher Arar ... as we celebrate, we call on our elected officials, over five years after the fateful events of September 11, to lead Canada back to its rightful position as the light unto the nations when it comes to civil liberties, social harmony and equal respect of all its citizens. Keywords: canada; canadians; liberties; muslim
• Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia: A Contemporary Source Book by Greg Fealy and Virginia Hooker, eds. (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 2006. 596 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2007.0) - Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia is partly the outcome of a trend in the scholarship on Southeast Asian Islam that has gained momentum from the mid-1980s onwards: namely, a corrective of the tendency to regard Islam as a “thin veneer” (as the Dutch historian van Leur had described it) over much older and supposedly more profound cultural deposits from the Indian sub- continent. Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia: A Contemporary Source Book Greg Fealy and Virginia Hooker, eds. Keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
• Sufism in the West: By Jamal Malik and John Hinnells, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2006. 207 pages.) by Dressler, Markus (2007.0) - This edited volume, along with David Westerlund’s edited Sufism in Europe and North America (RoutledgeCurzon: 2004), are pioneering works, since the systematic study of this topic is still in its infancy. Jamal Malik’s introduction surveys Islamic mysticism and the “major themes of diasporic Sufism” (pp. 20-25). Keywords: muslim; sufism; west
• Teaching the Study of Muslim Minorities in Higher Education in the United Kingdom by Abbas, Tahir (2007.0) - His latest book, British Islam: the Road to Radicalism, is due out in the spring of 2008. Teaching the Study of Muslim Minorities in Higher Education in the United Kingdom Tahir Abbas Introduction In this paper, I reflect on my experiences of teaching sociology of Islam at an elite British university: the University of Birmingham. Keywords: abbas; britain; british; islam; minorities; muslim; students; study
• Teaching Islam in Israeli Institutions of Higher Education by Talmon-Heller, Daniella (2007.0) - Yehoshua Frenkel (Haifa University) thrashed out the obstacles instruc- tors face when teaching about Islam to Muslim students whose worldviews are shaped by popular preachers and media images. But only a very small number of Muslim students felt that their Jewish classmates were disrespectful toward Islam. Keywords: course; islam; islamic; muslim; students; teaching; university
• Islamic Law, Gender, and Politics: Theory, Doctrine, and Practice by Ahmad, Junaid S. (2007.0) - The National Muslim Law Students Association (NMLSA), in conjunction with the WCL’s Islamic Legal Forum, proposed a conference that would look at the intersection of classical and modern conceptions of Islamic law, discourses around gender and Islam, and the larger political questions that often frame these issues. Mohammad Fadel (faculty member, School of Law, Toronto University) opened the first panel, “Islamic Law: An Introduction and Critical Issues,” by presenting the basics of Islamic law. Keywords: islamic; law; muslim
• African Muslim Leaders and Turkey’s Diyanat by Haron, Muhammed (2007.0) - Bakary expounded upon the unprecedented overtures made by a secular state, such as Turkey, to African religious leaders. African Muslim Leaders and Turkey’s Diyanat Turkish-African relations began with the formation of the Ottoman Empire. Keywords: african; communities; muslim; turkey
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2007.0) - And since the resentment is often cast in racist, anti-immigrant, and anti-Muslim terms, it is returned in kind by those toward whom it is directed. Witness radio host Dennis Prager’s fear that Keith Ellison, the United States’ first Muslim congressman, would somehow undermine American civilization by swearing on the Qur’an in a private ceremony after the official swearing-in ceremony.4 But if the notion was more that each one of us, the multi-nations, could live together in mutual respect and harmony without imposing our ways of life on each other, and through this experience could support a single nation, then I think we would sap a lot of the West’s rising anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sen- timent. Keywords: christmas; holiday; islamic; muslim; society; tree
• Islam in Southeast Asia: Political, Social, and Strategic Challenges for the 21st Century by K. S. Nathan and Mohammad Hashim Kamali, eds. (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005. 362 pages.) by Daniels, Timothy P. (2007.0) - The second part examines the complex topics of politics, governance, civil society, and gender in Southeast Asian Islam. Shad Saleem Faruqi, who discusses the Malaysian constitution and implementation of Islamic laws, remarks that Malaysia, with its commendable record of multicultural rela- tions, has a hybrid legal system, one that is neither totally Islamic nor secu- lar. Keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
• US Government and American Muslims Engage to Define Islamophobia by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (2007.0) - While this was the first such conference on Islamophobia, more inter- action between the two parties will be needed to help define the term and reach a common understanding about the extent of anti-Muslim prejudice in this country and how Washington and the community can address it jointly. While American Muslim leaders and participants argued that Islamophobia was not only a reality but also a rapidly growing phenomenon in the United States, the government’s position was that while there have been increased incidences of anti-Muslim episodes in the coun- try, the word Islamophobia deepens the divide between the two sides. Keywords: american; islamophobia; muslim
• Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization by Robert W. Hefner, ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 358 pages.) by Yom, Sean L. (2007.0) - This eclectic collection fills this gap, bringing together twelve authors who demonstrate the rise of new Islamic voices promoting civic plu- ralism within the boundaries of religious tradition. In laying out a sweeping map of these battles, the volume per- forms a necessary service to general scholars of Islamic politics. Keywords: islamic; muslim; pluralism; state
• Muslim Identities: Shifting Boundaries and Dialogues by Sein, Layla (2007.0) - Zainab Alwani (International Islamic University Malaysia) presented the main factors that contribute to the shortcomings experienced in the aca- demic development of Middle Eastern studies programs in American uni- versities: opposition to Islam in the Christian West, the Crusades, and the Spanish Inquisition. Norbani Binit Ismail (International Islamic University, Malaysia) compared the translations of Surah Maryam by five British Orientalists to those pro- duced by profound Muslim scholars. Keywords: american; canada; islamic; muslim; panel; university
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2006.0) - There was also the usual skepticism and claims of anti-Muslim discrim- ination from some Muslims. Muslim community leaders recalled seeing him talking to and befriending these youths outside their mosques. Keywords: csis; islam; muslim; rcmp; terror; toronto; war
• Contours of an Islamo-Christian Civilization by Johnston, David (2006.0) - He rests his case by monitoring the fre- quency of religious names in specific periods of time (see his appendix on “Quantitative Onomastics”), because these illustrate parents’ common atti- tudes about future trends. Having just emphasized this deeply ingrained reflex of Muslim populations to turn to religious leaders in times of crisis, Bulliet, paradoxically, argues that secular turning points profoundly dilute people’s religious fervor. Keywords: bulliet; chapter; christian; civilization; europe; islam; muslim; power; west
• Reflections from the Social Sciences on the Possible Causes of Abusing Muslim Prisoners of War by Schumm, Walter R. (2006.0) - A final issue is the ignorance of many in the West of the beliefs and practices of Islam that, since its origins, has disapproved of prisoner abuse. Korea,3 Vietnam,4 and the first Persian Gulf war.5 That fact demands a serious effort to avoid prisoner abuse in present and future conflicts. Keywords: abuse; american; army; commander; enemy; epw; geneva; military; muslim; prisoners; schumm; treatment; u.s; war
• The First Annual Muslim Peacebuilding, Justice, and Interfaith Dialogue by Zimmerman, Ashleigh (2006.0) - The presenters pinpointed the Sunni-Shi`ah spilt, differences between converted Muslims and born Muslims, and ideological differences within the American Muslim community. Several themes emerged in the course of this event, among them the fol- lowing: the relationship between Islam and culture, the need for intra-faith 150 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:4 dialogue between Sunnis and Shi`ahs, the need to understand Islam’s inter- nal diversity, recovering Islamic nonviolence from the early tradition, mov- ing toward the sh´ra (consultation) model of community, bringing women’s voices into intra-faith dialogue, identifying the main Sunni and Shi`ah lead- ers for training and dissemination, learning how to “tolerate the intolerant,” and the need for the American Muslim community to engage in dialogue with the larger American society. Keywords: dialogue; interfaith; muslim
• Editorial by Willoughby, Jay (2006.0) - Here, we find Muslim communities that seem not to be so entranced by what we in the West consider to be the most pressing issues: the Muslim world vs. the West and/or modernity, the Abrahamic faiths trialogue, politi- cal and economic reform, the suitability of western-style democracy in Muslim countries, and the rise of Islamic “fundamentalism,” “terrorism,” “extremism,” or whatever similar term the media throws at us. One of our articles (Peterson) deals with how Chinese Muslim scholars of the pre-modern era tried to solve this problem. Keywords: china; chinese; islam; muslim; xinjiang
• The Dao of Muhammad: A Cultural History of Muslims in Late Imperial China by Zvi Ben-Dor Benite (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005. 280 pages.) by Ma, Haiyun (2006.0) - It is hardly convincing that “Chinese Muslim” cul- tural identity was, like other Chinese identities, institutionally shaped during the Qing era (p. 62), and it is even difficult for this reviewer to find a proper Book Reviews 107 translation for “Chinese Muslim” in the Qing context. This insider and outsider understanding of the Muslims’ perception of their religion (as “Dao”), activities (as “learning”), and status (as “literati”) leads the author to refute the dichotomist understanding of Chinese Muslims as either Muslim or Chinese and to conclude that these learned Muslims were as much Chinese as they were Muslim. Keywords: china; chinese; muslim
• The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own by Maria Jaschok and Shui Jingjun (London: Routledge & Curzon Press, 2000. 361 pages.) by Gladney, Dru C. (2006.0) - In any case, the work clearly shows that these mosques serve as important social nodes that do much to galvanize nationwide Muslim women organizations in China and thereby contribute to increased Muslim women activism, either in social welfare programs, education, or even new mosque building. The multiple challenges Muslim women in China must negotiate between family, home, mosque, work, public sphere, and the state is best understood by letting China’s Mus- lim women speak for themselves, which this book, through extensive quo- tations, inclusive authorship, and several appendices and glossary, splen- didly accomplishes, as the following quote by a Ms. Yang Yinliang Ahong from the northeastern city of Harbin so vividly demonstrates: Since I was appointed nu ahong [female imam or teacher], I have never wavered from the principle of loving the motherland and our religion. Keywords: china; muslim; women
• Aversion and Desire: Negotiating Muslim Female Identity in the Diaspora by Shanaz Khan (United Kingdom: Women’s Press, Ltd., 2002. 152 pages.) by D’Agostino, Melissa (2006.0) - In this interesting book, Aversion and Desire: Negotiating Muslim Female Identity in the Diaspora, Shanaz Khan challenges us to rethink static and fixed conceptions of Muslim women. She also points out that because 116 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:3 minority identities are fixed, women who happen to be Muslim are often forced to enter social and political spaces as Muslim women. Keywords: muslim; women
• Islamic Thought in the Twentieth Century: By Suha Taji-Farouki and Basheer M. Nafi, eds. (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004. 432 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2006.0) - In devising a framework for what they call the “dialectical relation- ship” between twentieth-century Islamic thought and modernity, Suha Taji-Farouki and Basheer Nafi have resolved to construct their account around three themes: the emergence of new spokespersons, the diversity of twentieth-century Muslim discourse, and the connections and disrup- tions between Islamic thought and the rest of “the global intellectual arena” (p. 5). As a result of their encounter with western scholarship, Muslim intellectuals felt increasingly compelled to respond to what they saw as Orientalist distortions. Keywords: century; islamic; muslim; new
• Social Cohesion and the Five Pillars of Islam: A Comparative Perspective by Schumm, Walter R.; Kohler, Alison L. (2006.0) - One such illustration concerns the role of the Five Pillars in supporting and maintaining social cohesion among monotheists. A model of social cohesion and the Five Pillars is presented for discussion and reflection. Keywords: christian; church; cohesion; fasting; god; islam; jesus; muslim; pillars; schumm
• Islamic Fundamentalism Since 1945: By Beverley Milton-Edwards (London and New York: Routledge, 2005. 158 pages.) by Mir, Anita (2006.0) - The author regards its founding father, Hassan al-Banna (1906-49), in “many respects as the founding father of Islamic fundamentalism.” The second formulation, which Milton-Edwards calls revivalism and links directly to the phenomenon of Islamic fundamentalism, was fed by such thinkers as Pakistan’s Abu-l A`la Mawdudi (1903-79) and Egypt’s al-Banna. Keywords: fundamentalism; islamic; milton; muslim
• Woman and the Masjid between Two Extremes by Safi, Louay (2006.0) - The diversity of interpretations of Islamic sources and practices has created tensions, particularly in Islamic centers where the tendency is to impose strict interpretations about the appropriate place and role of Muslim women in the masjid and the community. This is more pressing today as the question of women capacity to exercise leadership and serve the community is put to rest through impressive track record of Muslim women achieving in the academia, professional work, and community service. Keywords: allah; community; masjid; muslim; women
• Voices of Islam in Europe and Southeast Asia by Jory, Patrick (2006.0) - From January 20-22, 2006, a group of almost thirty Muslim and non-Muslim specialists working in Islamic studies and on the study of Muslim societies from fifteen countries in Europe and Southeast Asia gathered in Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand, to discuss the diverse “Voices of Islam” in these two regions. The workshop focused on two major themes: how events following the September 11 attacks have affected the nature of Islamic studies in Europe and Southeast Asia, and how changes in Islamic studies are impacting upon Muslims and their understanding of Islam in these two regions. Keywords: islam; islamic; muslim
• Bridging the Divide? by Shuayb, Fiaz (2006.0) - In attendance were representatives from the American government, officials from a variety of American Muslim organizations, American Muslim foreign policy experts, others from the Washington think- tank and policy communities, and students. In his introductory remarks, Peter W. Singer (Senior Fellow and Director, Project on US Policy towards the Islamic World, Saban Center) outlined spe- cific initiatives that should come from the American Muslim community, such as repudiating rumors and conspiracy theories in the Arab Muslim world concerning this country’s “intense scrutiny” of Muslims, coming to terms with the knowledge deficit in Americans’ understanding of Islam, and creat- ing opportunities to educate people about their faith. Keywords: american; islamic; muslim; world
• Editorial by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (2005.0) - Muslim nations are trying to address their internal weaknesses and build upon their strengths. The paper is quite timely, for with the rapidly developing fields of medical sci- ences, new issues are calling for collective ummatic ijtihad. Keywords: islamic; muslim; need; truth; ummah; world
• Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany: By Joel S. Fetzer and J. Christopher Soper (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 208 pages.) by Blumi, Isa (2005.0) - As a result, they fail to acknowledge the existence of ethnic, doctrinal, national, economic, and lin- guistic divisions within Muslim communities that may contribute to the variable experiences that Muslims have with European states. It might have been more instructive, for example, to reflect on what accounts for the lack of political cohesiveness among Muslim communities in order to appreciate how state institutions, regardless of their capacity to accommodate varying interests, circumvent Muslim demands for equal access to state funds and institutions. Keywords: europe; muslim; state
• Shattering the Stereotypes: Muslim Women Speak Out by Fawzia Afzal-Khan, ed. (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2005. 338 pages.) by Chaudhry, Ayesha Siddiqua (2005.0) - Section 5, “Fiction,” con- tains short stories written by American Muslim women. Ever since the West’s initial contact with the East, Muslim women have occupied center stage as highly politicized subjects who the West has claimed to liberate from the oppressive East and who the East has claimed to protect from the hedonistic West. Keywords: american; muslim; women
• Losing My Religion: A Call for Help by Jeffrey Lang (Beltsville, MD: amana publications, 2004. 504 pages.) by Afzaal, Ahmed (2005.0) - The main impetus behind this book is the alienation experienced by young Muslims and converts who are confronted with the traditional and conservative forms of Islam presented (and vigorously defended) by the immigrant-dominated mosque culture. These are the misgivings, reservations, and doubts raised by young Muslims and converts who have not yet lost their religion, but who are unlikely to get any help from the local imam either. Keywords: lang; muslim; religion
• Contemporary Chaos and Muslim Youth: Getting beyond Defensiveness and Confronting Our Own Demons by Schleifer, S. Abdallah (2005.0) - Jackson quotes the eleventh- century Spanish Maliki jurist Ibn `Abd al-Barr, who defines the agent of hirabah as Anyone who disturbs free passage in the streets and renders them unsafe to travel, striving to spread corruption in the land by taking money, killing people or violating what God has made it unlawful to violate is guilty of hiraba … be he a Muslim or a non-Muslim, free or slave, and whether he actually realizes his goal of taking money, or of killing or not. And in the eyes of the classical jurists, this is why the terrorist deserves to be sentenced to death regardless of the status of the victim, whether he/she is a Muslim or a non-Muslim. Keywords: american; ideology; islam; islamic; muslim; terrorism; time; years
• Rethinking Islamic Education in Facing the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century by Hashim, Rosnani (2005.0) - The absence of Arabic from the curriculum of Islamic religious science is too glaring. Therefore, the Qur’an has never been the main textbook for Muslim students even in the Islamic religious science classroom. Keywords: curriculum; education; islamic; knowledge; muslim; qur’an; school; sciences; students; teachers; teaching
• Muslims and Arabs in Western Politics by Tatari, Eren (2005.0) - Zahid Bukhari talked on “Ethnicity and Muslim Political Experience in the United States,” and Jocelyne Cesari presented a comparative paper titled “Public Discourse on Islam: A Transatlantic Comparison.” Panel 4 was on “Comparative Attitudes towards Political Mobilization and Participation among Western Muslim Minorities.” Keywords: american; muslim; public
• The Forty-second Annual ISNA Convention by Convention Reporters Committee, ISNA (2005.0) - Muhammad Nur Abdullah (president, ISNA) spoke of such ISNA accomplishments as the imam and chaplain training services and empowering Muslim youths. ISNA Convention Reporters Committee Chicago, IL Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 155 Keywords: islamic; isna; justice; muslim; president
• Debating Moderate Islam: An Introduction by Khan, Muqtedar (2005.0) - Khan, the convener and editor of this debate, is often referred to as the voice of moderate Islam. Is it possible to imagine that the Turkish Islamists, now under the leadership of such visionaries such as Prime Minister Erdogan, are the harbingers of moderate Islam and Islamic democracy? Keywords: american; debate; islam; islamic; muslim; world
• Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism by Omid Safi, ed. (Oxford: Oneworld, 2003. 351 pages.) by Geissinger, Aisha (2005.0) - In the second paper, “In Search of Progressive Islam beyond 9/11,” Farid Esack defines “progressive Islam” as a struggle for justice. In “American Muslim Identity: Race and Ethnicity in Progressive Islam,” Amina Wadud observes that African-American Muslims are often marginalized in the American Muslim community, both by immigrant Muslims and by outsiders, who do not see them as “authentic” representatives of Islam. Keywords: american; islam; muslim; paper
• Tensions and Transitions in the Muslim World: By Louay Safi (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. 231 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2005.0) - These perceptions, according to the author, are driven by a strong sense of skepticism about the commensurability of Islamic values with modern western ideals as well as by vested American geostrategic interests. Part 1 (two chapters) attempts to explore the possibilities of embedding a democratic state system as well as the cor- responding political culture and structures in Islamic values and beliefs. Keywords: american; islam; muslim
• Transnational Political Islam: Religion, Ideology, and Power by Azza Karam, ed. (London: Pluto Books, 2004. 157 pages.) by Malik, Anas (2005.0) - Any attempt to discuss political Islam, Muslim political consciousness, and fundamentalists inevitably includes some effort to classify and catego- rize. Such structural changes as the disintegration of social bonds and emer- gent hostile attitudes contribute to polarization, a situation that mirrors the “you’re either with us or against us” thinking that has prevailed in the United States since the 9/11 tragedy. Keywords: islam; karam; muslim
• International Seminar on Islamic Thought by Haron, Muhammed (2005.0) - Afaf Abdul Hamid (Kolej University Islam Malaysia [KUIM]) spoke on the ethical founda- tions of work in Islam, and Kyoichiro Sugimoto (IIUM) discussed “The Variance of Muslim Attitudes towards Western Modernity: A Worldview Discourse.” Ali Asghar Bayani (Azad Islamic University, Iran) undertook a comparative study of al-Ghazali’s and Mowlavi Rumi’s views regarding God’s existence and knowledge were compared and interrogated as a way of understanding and appreciating the different viewpoints. Keywords: conference; islamic; muslim; university
• The Idea of Woman in Fundamentalist Islam: By Lamia Rustum Shehadeh (Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 2004. 321 pages.) by Khan, Shahnaz (2005.0) - An unproblematic use of the word fundamentalism might conflate the writings of Hassan al-Banna with those of Fazul-Rehman and Riffat Hassan (two revivalists whose views are not discussed in this book). At other times they challenge the state, as in Tunisia. Keywords: book; muslim; women
• Beware of Rand Robots by Ali, Tahir (2005.0) - However, there is one impor- tant difference between Muslim neo-cons and Rand robots: The Muslim neo-cons do not attack Islam or the Prophet of Islam; the Rand robots do. Remember that in a war of wits, the mind is the ultimate target. A while back, the Rand Corporation, a semi-autonomous think tank, issued a report titled Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, and Strategies authored by Cheryl Benard (http://www.rand.org/publica- tions/MR/MR1716/MR1716.pdf). Keywords: american; islam; muslim; rand
• Revisioning Modernity: Challenges and Possibilities for Islam by Solak, Necva (2005.0) - Jasmin Zine (University of Toronto, Canada) spoke about the Orientalist image of Muslim women, noting that their bodies and identities historically have been scripted in order to control them. Finally, the three winners of the “AMSS Best Graduate Paper Awards” received their due recognition: Bilal Ibrahim (University of Waterloo, Canada), “The Rationalist School of Law: Roots of Reform in Traditional Islamic Law (first place); Ali Hassan Zaidi (York University, Canada), “Islam and Modernity and the Promise of a Dialogical Understanding” (second place); and Md. Saidul Islam (York University, Canada), “Knowledge/Power Regime: The Global Politics of Development and Governance” (third place). Keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; university; women
• Inscriptions: Decoding Politics, Gender, and Culture in Epistemologies and Praxis by Mazid, Nergis (2005.0) - Maliha Chisti (University of Toronto, Canada) and Chesmak Farhoumand-Sims (York University, Canada) examined the trends and impact of the transnational movement and global sisterhood on program- ming for Afghani women. Tying into the demographics, Tabassum Ruby (York University, Canada) posited questions about Muslim immigrant women and identity. Keywords: canada; muslim; toronto; university; women
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2004.0) - A month when Muslims abstain from food and drink between sunrise and sunset is bound to bring to the fore questions of identity, especially for Muslims living in non-Muslim societies. Understanding how these issues played themselves out historically in Muslim communities is important for those of us Muslims who grow up or embrace Islam having only vague notions about the glorious Islamic past – it helps us to under- stand the rifts in our ummah today. Keywords: alkhateeb; american; community; muslim; women
• Islam in the Digital Age: E-Jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments by Gary R. Bunt (London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 2003. 237 pages.) by Karim, Karim H. (2004.0) - Muslim Internet users often seek answers to queries regarding the practice of Islamic beliefs in contemporary societies, including ethical issues that are common outside of traditional Muslim societies. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:4 The author views the spiritual striving aspects of e-jihad as expressed in the issuing of online fatwas and the militaristic aspects in hacking and cracking of other websites. Keywords: internet; islamic; muslim; online
• Political Islam in Southeast Asia: Moderates, Radicals and Terrorists by Angel M. Rabasa (London: Oxford University for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2003. 82 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2004.0) - A further polarizing element in Southeast Asian Islam is the Arabization process carried out by Wahhabi-inspired movements and with financial support from the Middle East. Before elaborating on these issues, the writer provides a bird’s eye view of the historical diversity of Southeast Asian Islam. Keywords: indonesia; islam; muslim; rabasa; southeast
• The Muslim Veil in North America: Issues and Debates by Sajida Alvi, Homa Hoodfar, and Sheila McDonough, eds. (Toronto: Women's Press, 2003. 306 pages.) by Mir, Shabana (2004.0) - In terms of part 1, such fundamental statements as “Muslim women are diverse” and “the veil can be empowering” are important for a lay reader- ship. Reem A. Meshal, in “Banners of Faith and Identities in Construct,” examines the results of a survey, showing how Muslim women appear to use the hijab as a banner of faith. Keywords: muslim; veil; women
• The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria: By Josef Meri (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 327 pages.) by Khalil, Atif (2004.0) - Although the concentration of the comparative analysis tilts toward the Islamic side (the author notes that the evidence for Jewish saint veneration is considerably less), he still manages to explore the parallel concepts, reli- gious practices, and architectural facets relevant to his analysis with rea- sonable success. Meri highlights some of the key arguments of both the conservative (e.g., Ibn `Aqil, Ibn Taymiyya, and Ibn al-Qayyim) and more liberal (al- Ghazali) camps. Keywords: ibn; meri; muslim
• Islam: Dialogue, Devotion, and Development by Convention Reporters Committee, ISNA (2004.0) - Frederick Thaufeer al-Deen and Aneesah Nadir pointed out the need for more Muslims and imams to get involved as social workers, counselors, and therapists. Farhan A. Syed decided to do something about the lack of support structure available for new Muslims and devel- oped a 14-week course consisting of free CDs on basic Islamic topics. Keywords: american; community; dialogue; islamic; muslim; rights
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2004.0) - The normalization of anti-Muslim sentiment is thus a dangerous trend that has, in the very recent past, led to ethnic cleansing. Soon after 9/11, many bookstores and popular websites, among them www.amazon.com, stocked up on Islam-bashing books whose main arguments were that Islam posed numerous threats to the United States, in particular, and to the West in general. Keywords: books; islam; islamophobia; issue; muslim
• For the good of the Nation: The New Horizon of Expectations in Rifaʿa al-Tahtawi’s Reading of the Islamic Political Tradition by Warren, David H. (2017.0) - ajiss34-4-noconfrep_ajiss 11/3/2017 9:31 AM Page 30 lamic tradition as a framework for inquiry rather than as a set of doctrines, then we should recognize that al-Tahtawi and his peers’ new concern for the futurity of the nation represented a key addi- tion to this framework. That mission was to bring Al- geria into history, or rather to bring it into a particular understanding of his- tory as the forward march of progress led by Europe.3 In Egypt, by the time al-Tahtawi was writing his two major works on political theory, Manāhij al-Albāb al-Miṣriyyah fī Mabāhij al-Ādāb al-ʿAṣriyyah Keywords: ajiss34; community; egyptian; freedom; good; homeland; islamic; muslim; nation; page; progress; public; ruler; state; tahtawi; time; tradition
• The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain since 1800 by Humayun Ansari (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2004. 406 pages. by Curtis, Maria F. (2004.0) - It is perhaps in the variety of responses to this event that the distinctions among British Muslim communities become clear in a contemporary context. The underlying question of this book is, simply put, considering the many waves of Muslim immigration, intermarriage, and evidence of indige- nous conversion: Can there be a single British Muslim identity? Keywords: britain; british; muslim
• Caravanserai: Journey among Australian Muslims by Hanifa Deen (Australia: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2003. 400 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2004.0) - Deen explores how a gang rape case in Sydney, in which 14 Lebanese-Australian boys gang raped seven white girls, became a lightening rod for Islamophobia, as part of the backlash by non-Muslim Australians to 9/11 and the Bali bombings. Non-Muslim Australians are gathered on their balconies, watching the spectacle. Keywords: australia; book; muslim
• Brick Lane: By Monica Ali (London: Doubleday, 2003. 369 pages.) by Meddour, Wendy O’Shea (2004.0) - Brick Lane perpetuates the myth that Muslim women can become assertive and confident only by becoming more westernized and less Muslim. Ali does not “capture” the “experience” of Muslim women in Britain; she just mobilizes familiar clichés that many are tired of hearing. Keywords: ali; brick; muslim
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2004.0) - Muslim feminists have turned their attention to the changing status of Muslim women historically, and, in so doing, have discovered something rather surprising: Many entrenched practices in relation to women have their basis in later developments in the Muslim world, not in the practices of the first Muslim community. The cultural practices of women’s exclusion from masajid the world over leaves Islam open to the charge of not treating Muslim women equally (by not giving them the same access to sacred space as is given to men). Keywords: islam; muslim; women
• Muslim Networks and Transnational Communities in and across Europe: By Stefano Allievi and Jorgen Nielsen, eds. (Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 2003. 332 pages.) by Caputo, Barbara (2004.0) - According to two of the contributors, Mark Le Vine and Peter Mandaville, European Islam can develop alternative Muslim views that affect the native homelands of European Muslims and also contribute to the dynamic of self-perception and self-interpretation of Islam. Ironically, this definition looks similar to that of fundamentalists, who believe that religious identity is the Muslims’ pri- mary essence, despite the fact that one of the book’s main aims is to demon- strate that European Islam is tolerant and pluralistic. Keywords: european; islam; muslim; networks
• The Muslim Mind on Trial: Divine Revelation vs. Secular Rationalism by Abdessalam Yassine; tr. Muhtar Holland (Iowa City: Justice and Spirituality Publishing, 2003. 98 pages.) by Shahjahan, Riyad (2004.0) - The book has some relevance to Islamic thought, as there is very little literature on knowledge production from an Islamic standpoint, and does make a contribution to that area. Abdessalam Yassine, a Moroccan Qur’anic scholar, passionately argues that Muslims need to return to the Qur’anic revelation and the prophetic method of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in order to resurrect the Muslim mind and worldview, which are currently subjugated to secular western thought. Keywords: mind; muslim
• The AMSS (UK) Fifth Annual Conference: Fiqh Today: Muslims as Minorities by Malik, Abdul-Rehman (2004.0) - He challenged participants to work for a “comprehensive methodology of minority fiqh” drawing on the past, but not being afraid to be innovative. We must embrace citizenship, see minority fiqh in light of these new civic realities, and realize that promoting Islam in existing plural space connects the spiri- tual teaching to its essential universalism and humanism. Keywords: fiqh; islamic; minority; muslim
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2004.0) - She highlights an anti-Muslim subtheme in his non- fictional accounts of contemporary Muslim life, which consists of using gothic techniques to heap unwarranted suspicions upon Muslims’ motives and rationality. History thus reminds us that while Muslim societies are currently in a state of malaise, beleaguered by corruption, mismanagement, poverty, and violence, this is not an inherent (genetic) trait of Muslims or of their faith. Keywords: conference; issue; muslim; studies
• Gender, Politics and Islam: By Therese Saliba, Carolyn Allen, Judith A. Howard, eds. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2002. 354 pages.) by Hartman, Michelle (2004.0) - Saliba’s competent introduction summarizes the articles and promptly debunks simplistic understandings of Muslim women and their lives, and Book Reviews 107 highlights their diverse and complex engagements with religion, politics, society, and culture. Not only does this introduction speak for and to nuanced understandings of Islam and Muslims, it also links feminist strug- gles transnationally and explicitly positions itself against the exceptional- ism of Muslim women. Keywords: islamic; muslim; studies; women
• On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean 1880s-1930s by Linda Boxberger (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. 292 pages.) by Ouis, Soumaya Pernilla (2004.0) - Her study focuses on the British influence, as these sultanates became British protectorates; the emigration of natives to other parts of the Indian Ocean region; and the development of modern communication 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:1 technologies. Yemen, on the other hand, has experienced communism, civil war, and recently democ- ratization, unlike other parts of the Arabian peninsula. Keywords: boxberger; muslim; world
• The Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women by Mustapha, Nadira (2004.0) - CCMW was established in 1982 to attain and maintain equality, equity, and empowerment for Canadian Muslim women in the North American setting. Civil society, defined as a society ruled by laws and norms and obeyed by the governing body and the public, was discussed, along with its relationship in dealing with such minorities as Muslim women in Canada. Keywords: canada; change; muslim; women
• Muslim Minorities in the West: Visible and Invisible by Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Jane 1 Smith, eds. (New York and Oxford: AltaMira Press; 2002. 306 pages.) by Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2003.0) - Far from telling anything like a complete (or even incomplete) story of Muslim minority experience in the West, this book nevertheless brings together a fascinating collection of diverse and often rich accounts of Muslim life in different contexts. Many of the contributors believe that Muslim minorities are growing, dynamic, confident, and demographically young in most of their new societies, and that wherever they have established themselves, they have sustained their presence and thrived, sometimes in the face of extreme hostility. Keywords: muslim; new
• The Islamic Secular by Jackson, Sherman A (2017.0) - This peaceful jihad which is an ab- solute necessity (al-jihād al-silmī al-ḍarūrī) (Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Azhariyyah li al-Turath, 2006), 2:38; Abd al-Rahim b. Ali b. al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh Zadeh, Naẓm al-Farā’id wa Jam‘ al-Fawā’id fī al-Masā’il al-Mukhtalaf fīhā bayna al-Sādah al-Ash‘arīyah wa al-Sādah al- Māturīdīyah, Arabic MS. Keywords: american; authority; concrete; course; dar; example; god; ibn; islamic; jackson; jurists; law; life; muslim; non; point; press; realm; reason; religion; religious; sciences; secular; sharia; shar‘ī; state; university
• Unveiling Islam: An Insider's Look at Muslim Life and Beliefs by Ergun Mehmet Caner and Emir Fethi Caner (Grand Rapids, Ml: KregeL Publications???? 2002. 256 pages.) by Haque, Amber (2003.0) - This book is a similar attempt to gain popularity for the authors and arouse anti-Muslim sentiment at a time that is trying for most Americans. There must be an effort to compile a list of such works and organizations behind such anti-Muslim hate campaigns and to unveil their real agenda. Keywords: islam; muslim
• AMSS Regional Conference: The Place of Islam in America by Mohmand, Abdul-Qayum (2003.0) - He stressed that faced with new social challenges stemming from modernist trends, American Muslims possess aU the ingredients they need to develop solutions with far-reaching impact on improving the quality of life both in the U.S. and throughout the Muslim world. In the first panel, James Toronto (associate professor oflslamic studies, Brigham Young University, Utah) focused on the challenges and responsi­ bilities of the American Muslim community. Keywords: muslim
• Muslim Renaissance: Challenges in the Twenty-first Century by Safi, Louay M. (2003.0) - In Muslim societies, religious conservatism has cloaked the Islamic reform movement’s forward vision and threatens to roll back its achieve- ments. The call of such early Islamic reformists as Jalal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-97), Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905), and Muhammad Iqbal (1873- 1938) did not lead Muslim societies to liberation and strength; rather, it was followed by a state of oppression and weakness from which the Muslim world has yet to recover. Keywords: islamic; muslim; social
• Muslim Teens: Today’s Worry, Tomorrow’s Hope by Ekram and Mohamed R. Beshir (Beltsville MD: Amana Publications, 2001. 253 pages.) by Khattab, Huda (2003.0) - On the whole, however, this book is a valuable resource for Muslim parents, especially immigrants who may be unfamiliar with the issues faced by their teens, and for convert parents striving to give their children an Islamic Book Reviews 157 upbringing. The input of their daughters, who “survived” public school, is of par- ticular interest and is very encouraging for other Muslim parents. Keywords: authors; muslim; parents
• Women in Islam: The Western Experience by Anne Sofie Roald (London & New York: Routledge, 2001. 339 pages.) by Ouis, Soumaya Pernilla (2000.0) - Further, she analyses how classi­ cal and contemporary scholars have interpreted the text, in addition to the results of her fieldwork among Arab Sunni Muslim activists living in the West. Anne Sofie Roald, a Norwegian convert to Islam and associate professor of the history of religion at Malmo University (Sweden), devotes her book to two major themes: Examining what the interpretations of the Qur'an and Sunnah in the Arab cultural sphere say on various women's issues, and how this interpretation tends to change during the cultural encounter with the West. Keywords: muslim; roald
• Muslim Women: Crafting a North American Identity by Shahnaz Khan (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. 151 pages.) by Chishti, Maliha (2000.0) - This third space is not only the site of resistance to the dominant Islamic and Orientalist prescriptives of Muslim female identity, but a starting point for Muslim women to engage in individual and collective projects to re­ map and reconfigure their identities in a process of cultural, political, and economic empowerment. 115 Shahnaz Khan's study of Muslim female identity in Canada is a worthy contribution to the literature on Muslim experiences in the West. Keywords: muslim; women
• Reflecting on Islam in America: July 5- 7, 2002 • Chicago, Illinois by bin Abdullah, Omer (2002.0) - So proclaimed ISNA secretary general Sayyid M. Syeed while inaugurating the sixth annual ISNA Islam in America Conference, which is now part of the American academic calendar. He vehe­ mently rejected the insinuation that American prisons are being used as breeding grounds for terrorists. Keywords: american; islam; muslim
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2020.0) - The Case for Deglobalization Before there was Occupy Wall Street (protesting growing inequality) and Black Lives Matter (protesting police brutality and systemic racism) to shake up the heartland of global capitalism, there was the Battle of Seat- tle in 1999, when over 40,000 protestors gathered to protest globalization. Politically, global capitalism seems to have undermined democracy, accountability of elites, and the power of politics everywhere, even if the ef- fects of other aspects of globalization (such as enhanced movement of peo- ple, ideas, and information) are less clear. Keywords: american; capitalism; change; democracy; globalization; market; muslim; nation; new; order; people; politics; power; state; world
• Femininity Versus Feminism: Contemporary Islamic Perspectives on the Essence of Womanhood by Poston, Larry (2001.0) - Anisa Abd El Fattah of the National Association of Muslim Women writes in the Islamic Society of North America's Islamic Horizons that, It is UnIslamic for Muslim women to align themselves or associate themselves in spirit or deed with the enemies of Islam, and feminism by its very definition is in opposition to Islam. It is a threat because its call has great appeal to thousands of Muslim women that have grown impatient in the face of bidah that has found its way into our religion and that has manifested itself as an oppressive and sometimes violent force ... Keywords: american; conversion; converts; faith; family; female; feminism; islam; muslim; western; womanhood; women
• The Evolution of Early Islamic Ethics by Mohamed, Yasien (2001.0) - Hellenic ethics have inspired Muslim philosophers from the time of Miskawayh to develop a more systematic exposition of Islamic ethics, and we hope that this review of the early ethics of Islam will provide a better appreciation of the early sources that have haped the ethics of later Islamic moralists such as al-Raghib al-Isfahani (d. 433/1050) and al-Ghazzaii (S05/1111), who have had a lasting impact on Muslim thinkers up to today. The Ethical Philosophy of al-Raghib al-Isfahani, p. 58f., for a comparison between Miskawayh and Galen. 132 The Amuicvl Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 18.4 142. Keywords: adab; allah; arabic; aristotle; character; early; ethics; evil; fakhry; god; good; greek; hadith; happiness; ibn; islamic; knowledge; man; miskawayh; muslim; qur’an; reason; sciences; social; soul; theories; virtues; world
• A Review of Contemporary Arab Scholarship on the Use of Isrāʾīlīāt for Interpreting the Qurʾan by Rosshandler, Kareem (2019.0) - Muhammad Hassan Badr al-Din, Ishkāliyāt Mafhūm al-Taurāt fī al-Darāsāt al-Islāmiyya wa Dawruhā fī Nash’at al-Isrāʾīliyyāt al-Mubakkira (Tunis: Mu’minūn Without Borders, 2015), 2. 27. Muhammad Hussein al-Dhahabi,  al-Isrāʾīliyyāt fī al-Qurʾān wa-l-Ḥadīth (Cairo: Maktabat Wahba, 1970), 49. Keywords: bin; christian; contemporary; ibn; isrāʾīliyyāt; muslim; narrations; prophet; qurʾan; scholars; scholarship; sources; tafsīr; use
• Windows of Faith: By Gisela Webb, ed. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000.295 pages.) by Mir, Shabana (2001.0) - Windows of Faith provides a space where Muslim women speak for themselves and challenge rigidly traditionalist voices that have often had hegemonic status in Islamic jurisprudential works regarding women. It challenges: elements within the Muslim and the non-Muslim imagination that define Muslim women as mute victims; western feminist patriarchy toward Muslim women; and also the Muslim cultural patriarchy that appropriates the sources of Islamic law and praxis yet, in the view of (probably all of) these women, has abandoned the essential Divine egalitarian purposes. Keywords: islamic; law; muslim; women
• The Thirtieth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) by Sein, Layla (2001.0) - The social issues outlined and defined by Muslims and non-Muslims in these sessions did not only encourage a stimulating and lively debate after the panel and roundtable presentations, but they also advanced the development of the academic forum fostered by the AMSS, since its inception, to analyze the application of an Islamic worldview on social issues in the larger world community. In their deliberations during both plenary sessions, Muslim social scientists condemned the September 11 attack as a heinous crime against humanity, and examined concepts that are needed to assess how Muslims and non-Muslims can effectively address social issues that are crippling human evolution. Keywords: american; conference; islamic; muslim; social
• Governing under Islam and the Islamic Political System by Hofmann, Murad Wilfried (2001.0) - The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood evolved to the point that in 1994 they officially accepted the right of Muslim women to vote, be elected, occupy governmental positions, and do public work in gene~il.4~ 10 The Amuican J o d of Islamic Social Sciences 18.3 Clearly, Muhammad Asad could not have swung Muslim opinion single-handedly towards Islamic democracy. There should be a plurality of Islamic political parties assuring rotation of power. Keywords: democracy; god; government; history; ibid; islamic; journal; muslim; power; rule; state
• Muslim Parents' Activism in the Multicultural Education (MCE) Curriculum by Alavi, Gulafshan (2001.0) - Not only is there a dire need for teachers in Islamic schools throughout the country, but Muslim teachers need to be in public schools as well. Our data shows that the majority of the Muslim parents from Norwalk and a considerable number of Stamford parents did not know whether their children were in lower reading or math groups or higher. Keywords: achievement; children; city; community; curriculum; diversity; education; families; group; involvement; islamic; minority; muslim; need; norwalk; parents; public; school; social; stamford; students; study; teachers; women
• Islam, Economic Rationalism, and Accounting by Willett, Roger; Sulaiman, Maliah (2001.0) - Consequently, the frame- work within which Islamic accounting systems should take place is that which is based on personal accountability to an all-seeing God. Yet, most writers on the subject of Islamic accounting have argued that Islam does not recognise a distinction between the secular and the spiritual areas of life? Keywords: accounting; baydoun; capitalism; economic; economy; information; islamic; london; muslim; press; rationalism; reporting; social; society; sulaiman; theory; values; willett; world
• Redirection of the Sacred: The intricacies of Islamic meaning by Yusof, Danial (2001.0) - He argues against adapting the term “ideology” to Islam, that it has no authentic traditional base and that ‘it is only when the traditional order succumbs to the modem world that the understanding of religion comes to the fore, with momentous consequences for religion itself, not to speak of the society which is ruled in the name of religious ideology rather than according to the dicta of the Shari’ah, as the traditional understood?8 Nasr considers that the contemporary polarity of Muslim societies and their method to achieve the Islamic end are antithetical to the principles of traditional Islam. He also Yusof: Redirection of the Sacred 103 insists that apart from these glitches, traditional Islam still reverberates among the vast majority of Muslims with a transcultural dynamism that will endure to the end of history. Keywords: experience; institutions; islam; islamic; london; modem; modernity; muslim; postmodemism; religion; sacred; social; sociality; society
• The Expanding Spiritual-Moral Role of World Religions in the New Millenium by Hassan, M. Kamal (2001.0) - They may not be in the majority, but their voices represent the moral conscience that traditional wisdom and world religions nurture. Realizing the profound impact of globalization by which the global market, labor, high technology, information, media, knowledge, skills, ideas and values become borderless at incredible speed, with far reaching consequences on local culture, personality, society and the holistic quality of life, several intellectuals and social activists of different religions in the Asia-Pacific region together examined the unprecedented phenomenon from the religious perspectives in a conference held in Malaysia in July 1997. Keywords: american; asia; century; globalization; god; human; ibid; islamic; life; muslim; new; people; religion; role; social; society; values; world
• New Landscapes of Religion in the West by Ahmad, Fauzia (2001.0) - Igor Kotin (Oxford University) provided an overview of religious centers in Southall, while Sewa Singh Kalsi (University of Leeds) raised questions over the changing nature of Sikh identities. He also drew attention to some tensions that arose Conference Reports 119 within Oxford University over the location of the Oxford Center for Islamic Studies. Keywords: communities; conference; islamic; london; muslim; religion; university
• Challenging Media Representations of the Veil: Contemporary Muslim Women’s Re-veiling Movement by Bullock, Katherine (2000.0) - We have become used to seeing western women almost naked in our streets, and if because of this, our women want to cover themselves in the new veil, then it is a welcome protest against indecency and our over- whelming past interest in all things foreign. Further, the operative word here is “once,” with the implicit assumption that some women (western women, Lemon) are no longer oppressed, but others (the veiled premedieval spectre) still are. Keywords: class; covering; dress; egypt; hijab; ibid; islamic; macleod; media; middle; movement; muslim; new; social; society; study; veil; veiling; way; wearing; west; women; world; zuhur
• Nurturing Islamic Peace Discourse by Crow, Karim (2000.0) - The thought of important scholars, Khalis M. Jalabi and Jawadat Sai’d, is discussed as two examples of Islamic peace discourse. He further characterized the past several decades of Islamic discourse in America as reactionary, factional, archaicizing, and ritualistic; and urged Muslims today to consciously articulate clear positions on the burning issues of democracy, freedom of expression, minority religious rights, women's rights, and modernity. Keywords: action; american; arab; contemporary; crow; discourse; ideas; islamic; muslim; new; peace; sa‘id; social; society; thinkers; thought; violence; world
• The Challenge of Islam in the 21st Century by Ahmed, Akhar (2000.0) - Osama, bearded, in his traditional Muslim clothes, and speaking in Arabic of jihad; and Jinnah, clean-shaven, with his Savile Row suit, English accent, and Lincoln’s Inn legal education-here, neatly, we have the two extreme poles of political Islam in direct opposition. Reflect ion The Challenge of Islam in the 21st Century Akbar S . Keywords: american; category; century; challenge; islam; islamic; muslim; social; society; states; west; world
• Shattering the Myth: By Bruce B. Lawrence, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998,237 pp. by Sabet, Amr (2000.0) - In this sense and throughout his work, Lawrence subordinates and marginalizes Islam in favor of three determining, competing, and challenging Book Reviews 117 ‘metaphysical’ forces-history, nationalism, and economism. Lawrence’s argument is simple and seemingly straightforward, although, as he professes, at odds with most popular and academic understandings of Islam. Keywords: islam; islamic; jihad; lawrence; muslim; women
• The Critical Path by Safi, Louay M. (2000.0) - While the tradition of critical thinking they espoused continues to grow and flourish among many contemporary Muslim thinkers, the balance they maintained in criticizing the self and the other has been lost by a large seg- ment of Muslim intellectuals. For over a century now, Muslim intellectuals have been divided into two major blocs, the advocates of modernity and the defenders of Islamic tradi- tion. Keywords: intellectual; islamic; modem; muslim; society
• The Evolution of Islamic Law of Nations and the Modern International Order: Universal Peace through Mutuality and Cooperation by Baderin, Mashood A. (2000.0) - * Anderson also expressed the view that the classical doctrine of the Shari‘ah is “fundamentally incompatible with contemporary Baderin: The Evolution of Islamic Law of Nations 59 International Law, with membership in the United Nations Organization or with the Universal Declaration of Human right^.^ Khadduri thus viewed the entry of Muslim nations into the UN as a significant phenomenon that constitutes a departure from the classical religious ideology of Islam and separation of religious doctrine from the conduct of foreign relations.lO There are also some Shari'ah advocates who hold the hard-line view that the institution of the nation-state and modern internationalism are in con- flict with and in opposition to Islamic world order and, therefore, must be dismantled to facilitate the creation of a unified Islamic State. For example, in 1950, Khaliquzzaman, a leader of the then Pakistan Movement, stated that “if the Muslims started recognizing Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, or Afghanistan, which are Muslim states, as Islamic states, they would be guilty of dividing the Muslim polity for all time to come. Keywords: charter; community; cooperation; human; international; islamic; law; modem; muslim; muslim nations; nations; non; order; peace; political; prophet; state; ummah; war; world
• Civil-Military Relations: Western and Islamic Perspectives by Islam, Syed Sirajul (2000.0) - The strength of civilian political institutions in the West can be measured by two key elements: first, the public support that politi- cal structures are able to aggregate; and second, the degree of mobiliza- tion.l0 In the West, there are publicly agreed procedures for the transfer of power due to the effectiveness of political institutions. Sirajul Islam: Civil-Military Relations 99 Religious Traditions A large majority of the countries in the West are rooted in Christianity which does not give primacy to military institutions. Keywords: army; authority; civilian; countries; coup; ibid; institutions; islam; islamic; military; military relations; muslim; politics; power; prophet; relations; rule; social; state; western; world
• A Muslim Theory of Human Society: an Investigation into the Sociological Thought of Malik Bennabi by Mohamed Tahir El-Mesawi, (Kuala Lampur, Malaysia, Thinker's Library, 1998, 177 pp.) by Dangor, Suleman (2000.0) - He was so impressed with Bennabi's writing that when he contributed an article on the prospects of an Islamic theory of human society, he referred not only to the works of Ali Shariati, Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr, Murtaza Mutahhari, but also to Bennabi. The author decries the fact that Muslim scholars have not given Bennabi's approach to human society and civilization the attention it deserves. Keywords: bennabi; human; muslim; religion; society
• Islam, Gender, and Social Change: By Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and John L. Esposito (eds.), (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, 259 pp.) by Roald, Anne Sofie (2000.0) - This victimization is partly a result of how Muslim women are often described from an outsider’s perspective, either from a Western or a secular Muslim point of view. Victimization of Muslim women is not only a feature in Haddad’s arti- cle but also in many of the other articles in this book. Keywords: article; gender; islamic; islamist; muslim; women
• Behavioral Science Foundations of Organization Development: A Critique from the Islamic Perspective by Syed Abdul Hamid al-Junaid and Syed Aziz Anwar by Al-Junaid, Syed Abdul Hamid; Anwar, Syed Aziz (2000.0) - In particular, it examines whether the behavioral cience foundations of organization development (OD) are relevant in the Islamic context. Notes l. For a discussion of the concept and theory of organization development, consult Wendell L. French and Cecil H. Bell, Jr., Organization Development (Englewood: Prentice Hall, 1984). Keywords: behavior; change; development; group; human; interventions; islamic; leadership; man; muslim; organization; people; process; social; societies
• The Great Themes of the Qur'an: By Jacques Jomier. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1997. by Nadwi, Riad (2000.0) - The Qur'an gives hardly any details about them (p. 89). For example he says, In the Qur'an there is none of the exuberant imagination found in Psalm 104 (p. 27), and The restraint of the style means that comparatively few creatures are referred to in the Qur'an. Keywords: author; chapter; muslim; qur'an
• The First Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (UK) by Nyang, Sulayman S. (2000.0) - He credited American Muslim scholars like the late Ismail al-Faruqi of Temple University in Philadelphia for shepherding this social science group in its infancy and described how the AMSS successfully launched The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences in 1984/85. Professor Nyang urged the British Muslim scholars to persist in their efforts and to take full advantage of the social sciences in the defence and explanation of the Muslim experi­ ence in British society. Keywords: british; conference; islamic; muslim; paper; professor; social; university; world
• Islam as "The Middle Path" by Poston, Larry (2000.0) - Reflections Islam as The Middle Pathu Larry Poston This article describes an observable pattern in Western converts' jour­ ney to Islam. Their search for spir­ itual and religious identity is usually not satiated by these alternatives and so they gradually gravitate toward Islam. Keywords: american; christianity; conversion; eastern; faith; islam; islamic; judaism; muslim; new; religion; social; study; time
• Is Rationalism Possible in the Muslim World? by Chapra, M. Umer (1999.0) - Its leaders were Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ari (d. 332./943) in Iraq and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333/945) in Central Asia, followed by a number of other stalwarts like al-Baqillani (d. Chapra: Is Rationalism Possible in the Muslim World? For some details about the extreme rationalists and their views, see Abd~imhman Badawi, Min tarikh al-ilhadfi al-Islam (Beirut: Al-Mu’assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li a l - b a t wa al-Nashr, 2nd ed., 1980); and also Badawi, “Muhammad ibn Zakariyyah al-Razi,” in Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy, vol. 1 (1%3), 4 3 M . Keywords: abu; beliefs; ghazali; god; ibn; ibn al; islamic; muslim; philosophy; qur’an; rationalists; reason; religious; revelation; rushd; sciences; sunnah; views; vol; world
• Women and Islamisation: Contemporary Dimensions of Discourse on Gender Relations Edited by Karin Ask and Marit Tjomsland, Berg, Oxford, 1998,1999 pp. by Jawad, Haifaa (1999.0) - It endeavors to “analyze the ways in which Muslim women develop distinct voices and participate in Islamization processes,” thus setting new agendas and redefining their role in society. Second, this study considers cultural backgrounds, education, class, and age to consideration and assess Muslim women in their various national set- tings - once again in contrast to the usual Western studies that tend to lump Muslim women together into one category. Keywords: feminist; gender; muslim; women
• Islam, Modernism and the West: Cultural and Political Relations at the End of the Millennium Edited by Gema Martin Munoz, London: J.B. Tauris, 1999, 264 pp. by Robinson, Francis (1999.0) - She considers the reform of European understanding to be a priority, not only because immigration has made Islam a significant European religion, but also because the presence of Muslim countries along the southern flank of the European Union makes understanding of Islam and these societies a matter of primary concern for European policy. 132 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16:4 Islam, Mode�nism and the West: Cultural and Political Relations at the End of the Millennium Edited by Gema Martin Munoz, London: Keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; west; world
• The Annual Convention of the Association of Muslim Social scientists by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - There was an effort to display recent publications of AMSS members. Highlighting the achievements of the outgoing board, he identified the two conferences held on Islamic philoso- phy, and the various panels that were organized at Islamic conventions and at professional academic meetings. Keywords: amss; convention; islamic; muslim; new
• Identity as Epistemology by Khan, M.A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - The search for Islamic knowledges, be they science, philosophy, episte- mology, or social sciences, seems to suggest that values are prior to knowl- edge and that identity implicates epistemology. To be able to think as if there was no mas- ter, to begin thought from a state of freedom is the general purpose of the project to revive Islamic philosophy. Keywords: book; epistemology; god; identity; islamic; knowledge; muslim; philosophy; presence; sciences; self
• Islam and Modernity: Muslim Intellectuals Respond Edited by John Cooper, Ronald Nettler, and Mohamed Mahmoud. I.B. Tauris, 1998. 228 pp. by Ezzat, Heba Raouf (1999.0) - In so doing, it attempts to pres- ent a new “map” that goes beyond the usual categorization of Islamic thought according to area, language, or school of thought. And finally, in the second, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid covers some aspects of Qur’anic poetic language, the expression of God‘s names and attributes in particular, and discusses the impact of such linguistic exposition on Islamic thought, Several basic assumptions are made throughout this volume on the relation between Islam and modernity. Keywords: ideas; islamic; modernity; muslim; social; thought
• Islam Today: By Akbar S. Ahmed. London: I.B. Tauris 1998, 272 pp. by Khan, Shiraz (1999.0) - Moreover, the placing of such a controversial issue as that of the harem into historical per- spective is extremely important in tackling one of the most negative images of Islam pvalent in the Western psyche, namely, the sensual depiction and sub- servient status of its women. Although the author admits that this selective dip into Muslim history is simply an “impressionistic view” not restricted by regular chronological sequences, some could argue that these titles only serve to reinforce an already stereotyped image of Islam; however, one must also concede that this style of nar- rative makes sense. Keywords: author; book; islam; islamic; muslim; west; world
• Ismail Raji al-Faruqi: From 'Urubah to Ummatic Concerns by Siddiqui, Ataullah (1999.0) - These influences of Hellenism and Buddhism among Muslims al-Faruqi terns “alien imports” and I.aises an accusing finger toward Junayd al-Baghdadi (d. 910) who, al-Faruqi believes, was instrumental in joining them “to the Arab ascetic love-of-God stream and vested them with Islamic, indeed Qur’anic, @m”ll Pre·Abrahamic Faith, Hanifism 1 and 'Urubah We begin where al-Faruqi began his exploration of pre-Abrahamic faith, in the religions of the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Keywords: al faruqi; american; arab; christianity; concept; faruqi; ghazali; god; islam; islamic; jesus; knowledge; life; man; muslim; religion; social; stream; thought; view; world
• The Legacies of Fazlur Rahman for Islam in American by Waugh , Earle H. (1999.0) - Those who would look to Islam in America for the development of this alternative will be disappointed American Islam espouses the same positions found throughout the Muslim world, despite its freedom to experiment. Finally, American Islam itself will doubtless influence that future through the peculiar impact that racial tensions have had on the growth of indigenous Islam in the United States. Keywords: american; fazlur; fazlur rahman; god; history; islam; islamic; meaning; muslim; new; press; rahman; religion; social; text; tradition; university; world
• From Islamization of Knowledge to Islamization of Education by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. (1999.0) - Muslim reforms should honestly address these fundamental problems and avoid advancing futile and superficial solutions. In ten years from now Muslim intellectuals should be able to transform the Muslim cul- ture from one that is oppressive and individualistic to one that is generative and creative, a culture that will recapture the essence of prophetic style of turbiyuh, in which love, care and encouragement are the important means and methods. Keywords: islamic; muslim; reforms; social; world
• Islamic Economics: The State of the Art by Khan, Muhammad Akram (1999.0) - Islamic economics research centers There are at least four research centers or institutes exclusively devoted to Islamic economics. This paper reviews the development of Islamic economics at various levels. Keywords: banking; development; economics; humanity; institutions; interest; islamic; journal; muslim; number; research; social
• Atlas al Hadarah al lslamiyah: By Isma‘il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamya al Faruqi, trans. Abdul Wahid Lu’lu’a. Maktabat Al Obaykan (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and The International lnstitute of Islamic Thought (Herndon, Va., USA), 1998, 754 pages. by Nourallah, Riad (1999.0) - For many years they had worked together, or individually, on many a project, book, and seminar - papers on music, compendiums on world and Asian religions, books on Islam, symposiums on the dialogue of the Abrahamic faiths. In the tradition of other Muslim harmonizers, and with a mix of gen- uine humility and some unconscious trepidation, they also stressed that their work was “a beginning.” Keywords: atlas; authors; book; islamic; muslim
• Islamization of the Curriculum by Hashim, Rosnani (1999.0) - The training imparted to a Muslim must be such that faith is infused into the whole of his personality and creates in him an em& tional attachment to Islam and enables him to follow the Qur’an and the Sunnah and be governed by the Islamic system of values willing- ly and joyfully so that he may proceed to the realization of his status as khalifat Allah to whom Allah has promised the authority of the mi- verse?l Hashim: Islamization of the Curriculum 39 The third step is that the university or school curriculum should reflect the educational philosophy and, in fact, be the mechanism for achieving its goal. Curriculum is so important that it has been named the queen of educational sciences. Keywords: curriculum; development; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; learning; man; muslim; objectives; philosophy; sciences; social; students
• Islam as a Platform for Politics: The Post-9/11 U.S. Conservative Popular Security Discourse by Belt, David (2016.0) - Specifically, it examines how a segment of U.S. conservative elite and institutions – political entrepreneurs who were already involved in the U.S. culture war – seized Islam in the emotion-laden wake of 9/11 as yet another opportune field to advance their ongoing struggle against their domestic political opponents, “the Left,” and the more progressive societal institutions and culture broadly. Other conservative elites followed suit. Keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; american; bourdieu; conservative; discourse; islam; islamic; left; movement; muslim; new; page; platform; political; politics; security; sharia; social; struggle; threat; war
• Reconstruction of Islamic Thought and Civilization: The Case of Islamation of Knowledge by Ali, Mohammad Mumtaz (1999.0) - The paper explores the rela- tionship between sociopolitical revival and intellectual revival and con- cludes that the reconstruction of Islamic thought is a prerequisite to the regeneration of Islamic civilization. The only fea- sible and viable solution lies, as it is argued by the pioneering thinkers of the movement, in the reconstruction of Islamic thought on the basis of a new methodology which incorporates the tawhid paradigm? Keywords: abu; civilization; islamic; islamic thought; islamization; knowledge; methodology; movement; muslim; reconstruction; social; thought; ummah
• Islam in the African-American Experience: By Richard Brent Turner, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1997. by Agbere, Dawud Abdul-Aziz (1999.0) - American Islam, he asserts in the epilogue, has arrived at the center stage of America. This racial-separatist model of West African Islam was incorporated into African-American Islam through African-American Muslim leaders’ contact with Pan-Africanism. Keywords: african; american; author; black; islam; islamic; muslim
• Islam and the West: Common Cause or Clash? by Braibanti, Ralph (1999.0) - In the case of Iran and Taliban Afghanistan, a total revolution casts out all Western influ- ence and asserts the exclusivity of Muslim values, There is the possibility that other Muslim states may follow this revolutionary path, thus lending some validity to a forecast of clash. Within the realm of Islam, the recovery of Islamic identity provides a glirnmer of optimism for the resuscitation and radiation of Muslim values held dear by all civiliza- tions. Keywords: action; american; arab; braibanti; catholic; cause; christian; christianity; clash; conference; council; family; god; groups; incidents; islam; islamic; john; journal; law; muslim; muslim world; nature; new; non; paul; press; saudi; sciences; social; states; terrorism; united; university; values; vatican; west; world; years; york
• On the Development of Islamic Jurisprudence by Hofmann, Murad Wilfried (1999.0) - Given fa guerre du foulard (the war of scarves) in France in 1989, and the discrimination felt by Muslim women in the West simply for covering their hair, it is entirely normal that modem-day Muslim lawyers tackle this issue in their attempt to draw the correct line between Islam as a religion and Islam as a civilization. From here, through a double deduction, Islamic jurists arrived not only at gender segregation but at the virtual seclusion of Muslim women in gener- al not only within their abodes but in the street as well-and their total coverage, even of their faces. Keywords: asad; democracy; development; fathi; hassan; islamic; jurisprudence; law; legal; muhammad; muslim; osman; qur’an; rights; shari’ah; state; sunnah; verse; west; women
• Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration from an Islamic Perspective by Haque, Amber (1998.0) - Fifth, Muslim psychologists should incorporate Islamic ethics into psychol- ogy, as psychology relates to people and changing people’s behavior for the Haque: Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration 111 better. For a detailed description of “Eastern” traditions in psychology, see James Brennan, History and Systems of Psychology, 4th ed., (Prentice Hall, 1994). Keywords: american; behavior; human; integration; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; life; muslim; nature; new; psychological; psychologists; psychology; relationship; religion; science; social; study
• The Problems of Ideas in the Muslim World: By Malik Bennabi, trans. and annotated by Mohamed Tahir al-Messawi, Budaya llmu sdn., Bhd, Malaysia: Dar al Hadara. by Ahmed, Mohamed Wagialla (1998.0) - Bennabi stresses the importance of providing Islamic ideas with what enables them to stand up to the spirit of the age. These are dead ideas and deadly ideas. Keywords: ideas; muslim; world
• The Postcolonial Crescent: Islam's Impact on Contemporary Literature by John C. Hawley, editor, New York, Peter Lang Publishing, 1998. by Kelli, Deonna (1998.0) - The book uses fiction written by Muslims to critique the effects of colonialism, counter­ act modernity, and question the status of Islamic identity in the contemporary world. Literary expressions of Islamic identity are explored in “Artistic Creativity in Islamic Contexts” by Mohammed Arkoun. Keywords: book; identity; islamic; literature; muslim; society
• Training of Psychosocial and Medical Practitioners in Fighting Substance Addiction in Muslim and Arab Cultures by Badri, Malik B. (1998.0) - introduction This article investigates the m o n s for the obvious failure of antidrug campaigns in all Western countries and in Third World countries that adopted Western strategies to combat drug abuse. One wonders why professionals in Islamic and Arab countries, who clearly see the ineffectiveness of this model, continue to uncritically import it to address drug abuse in their countries. Keywords: abuse; addicts; alcohol; american; antidrug; badri; countries; drug; intake; islamic; muslim; new; sciences; social; training
• Toward an Islamic Perspective of Developmental Psychology by Shehu, Salisu (1998.0) - Toward an Islamic Perspective of Developmental Psychology Salisu Shehu This article seeks to advance an Islamic understanding of the process of human development. Conceptual Background Developmental psychology, otherwise called “child psychology,” is a branch of psychology that is essentially concerned with the study of the overall processes of human development from conception to old age. Keywords: child; development; differences; god; growth; individual; islamic; knowledge; life; man; muslim; perspective; prophet; psychology; qur’an; sciences; social; verse
• Freedom, Modernity, and Islam: By Richard Khoury. London: The Athlone Press, 1998, pp. 384. by Sabet, Amr G. E. (1998.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15:3 Freedom, Modernity, and Islam By Richard Khoury. The ambivalent relationship between Islam and modernity is a complex and fasci­ nating subject into which Khoury delves with a seemingly good measure of sophistica­ tion. Keywords: freedom; islam; islamic; khoury; modem; muslim; orthodoxy; state
• Jinnah, Pakistan, and Islamic Identity: By Akbar S. Ahmed Routledge, New York; 1997, 274 pp. + xxix. by al Mujahid, Sharif (1998.0) - To Ahmed, Jinnah is not the “secular” leader of the first avowedly Muslim nation- state, but rather the universal symbol of Muslim identity. In contrast, Ahmed’s main contribution lies in his focusing on the cultural transfor- mation that Jinnah underwent in 1937, a transformation that other Muslim leaders (e.g., Sir Sayyed, Iqbal, and Hasrat Mohani) had gone through earlier. Keywords: ahmed; identity; jinnah; kemal; muslim; pakistan; work
• Christianity in the Arab World: By El-Hassan Bin Talal. London, SCM Press, 1998, 102 pp. by Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris (1998.0) - The Arab Christian tradition goes back to Christianity's very earliest days, antedat­ ing Islam by those six centuries that witnessed the growth of Christian Trinitarian theol­ ogy, the spread of the Church, and the division of that Church into different communions. In Egypt, for example, it led to the division of the Church into pro-Monophysite Copts and Melchites (Syriac for king and a reference to the Byzantine Emperor) who accepted the Council of Chalcedon’s (451) ruling that true orthodoxy acknowledged that Jesus Christ had two naturts, each perfect and distinct yet united in the one person who was God and Man at the same time. Keywords: arab; book; chapter; christian; church; god; islam; jesus; muslim
• Defining Islam for the Egyptian State: By Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen. Leiden: Brill, 1997, 423 pp. by Sabet, Amr G. E. (1998.0) - Its main source was the Syrian Sal& Jamiil al Din al Qbimi (1911). Other bodies included the Azhar Fatwa Council (Lajnat ul Furciwd bi ul Ah), which was inaugurated in 1935 by the Waf3 shaykh of al Azhar Mqtafa al m g Keywords: chapter; fatwas; islamic; mufti; muslim; skovgaard; social; state; study
• First Contemporary Muslim Philosophers Conference by Hussain, Ahmad Iftheqar (1998.0) - i m s meeting in a Jesuit institution to talk about reviving Islamic philosophy. Dr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Professor of Islamic Studies, George Washington University), a scholar who has been involved in the project of reviving Islamic philosophy for over forty years, delivered the keynote address. Keywords: conference; islamic; muslim; philosophy; thought
• Globalization, Islam, and the West: Between Homogenization and Hegemonization by Mazrui, Ali A. (1998.0) - Europe’s prosperity whetted its appetite for new worlds to conquer. Technology and empire were linked in anticipation of new worlds to conquer. Keywords: century; egypt; end; globalization; homogenization; islam; islamic; muslim; new; states; united; war; west; world
• Globalization: A Contemporary Islamic Response? by Abu-Rabiʽ, Ibrahim (1998.0) - See Akbar S. Ahmed, Postmodernism and Islam: Predicament and Promise (London: Routledge, 1992); Akbar S. Ahmed and Donnan Hastings (eds.), Islam, Globali- zation and Postmodernity (London: Routledge, 1994); Walden Bello, New Third World: Strategies for Survival in the Global Economy (London: Eathscan, 1990). 1987). 1%3), 143. During the Cold War, Third World countries felt somewhat relieved from the West’s cultural and political pressure because the balance of world power permitted them to function somewhat freely. Keywords: american; arab; center; community; contemporary; countries; cultural; culture; des; globalization; islamic; les; modem; muslim; muslim world; nation; new; north; order; rabi; response; social; society; south; states; thought; united; war; west; world; world order; years
• Information Technologies and Globalization: Ruination vs. Ripples by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1998.0) - Clearinghouse of Research and Other Information: Muslims everywhere need to be reminded of the great emphasis Islam lays on seeking knowledge as a religious imperative. Most countries want expansion of world trade and access to each other’s markets. Keywords: american; business; capital; communication; control; countries; development; economy; foreign; globalization; ibid; information; institutions; international; internet; islamic; issues; journal; knowledge; media; muslim; nations; need; new; sciences; siddiqui; social; states; technologies; technology; trade; united; web; west; world
• Constructing Identity in “Glocal” Politics by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1998.0) - Said, Covering Islam, p. 3 1. 95. Local Imagination and Global Images of Islam What is the impact of glocalization on the meaning of Islam and the identity of Muslims? Keywords: american; democracy; global; globalization; human; identity; images; interests; international; islam; islamic; journal; khan; local; muslim; new; politics; power; press; self; social; sources; states; university; west; world; york
• Another Introduction to Islam: The Myth of the Value-Free Study of Religion by Senay, Bulend (1998.0) - The chapter “Divine Will and the Law” is an informative and at the same time concise examination of central issues of Islamic law, ranging from methodology (analogy, ijtihad, etc.) to basic social relationships (family, inheritance, etc.). Waines proves that he has knowledge of the history of Islamic law and the major contemporary issues facing Muslim scholars on matters of law. Keywords: approach; hadith; islamic; law; muslim; religion; scholars; value; waines
• The AKP’s Foreign Policy: From Westernization to Islamization? by Arin, Kubilay (2015.0) - Ali Çarkoğlu, “Turkey Goes to the Ballot Box: 2014 Municipal Elections and Beyond,” Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings, Policy Paper Number 3, March 2014. Paul Krugman, “Talking Troubled Turkey.” Keywords: akp; american; ankara; country; davutoğlu; east; erdoğan; israel; middle; muslim; new; ottoman; policy; power; relations; role; turkey; west; world
• Muslim Communities in the New Europe: Edited by Gerd Nonneman, Tim Niblock, and Bogdan Szajkowski. Reading, England: Garnet Publishing Limited, 1996, 346 pp. by Hunt, Sylvia J. (1998.0) - The increasing influence of Islam, reinforced by economic aid from Muslim countries, is shown in education, dress, and Albania’s mem- bership in the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC). Book Reviews 133 Muslims do face religious discrimination and hostility, especially during an economic recession or when the British government is at loggerheads with the governments of certain Muslim countries. Keywords: chapter; contributor; countries; europe; immigrants; islam; muslim; social
• Muslims and Christians Face to Face: By Kate Zebiri. Oxford: One World Publications. 258 pp. by Salem, Salem A. (1998.0) - The fifth chapter, “Approaches to Islam by Christian Islamicists and Theologians,” basically talks about how Islam was perceived in the past and how it is now perceived among modem Christian scholars who have a strong grasp of Islamic history and/or Arabic. Zebiri also deligitimizes the work of Muslim scholars in using historical-critical methodology by saying it is not equally applied in studying Chrisitanity and Islam. Keywords: christianity; god; islam; muslim; zebiri
• The Crown and the Turban: Muslim and West African Pluralism by Lamin Sanneh. Boulder, Colorado, and Oxford: Westview Press, 1997, xiii+ 290 pp. by Salem, Ahmed Ali (1998.0) - However, African Muslims are in an advantaged position compared to African Christians. African Muslims are indigenous and Islam is considered an African religion. Keywords: african; author; islam; muslim; religion; religious
• 21st Century and the Birth of the United Nations of Islam: By Jawed Ul Haq Siddiqui. Pakistan, Karachi: USI Publications, 303 pp. by Bayoumi, Alaa M. (1998.0) - The joint Islamic Alliance for Defense (JIAD) is to function as an interna- tional organization of Muslim member states with no supranational structure. Acceptance of a defense and security agreement among Muslim states leading to the formation of a joint Islamic Alliance for Defense. Keywords: islamic; muslim; states; unity; world
• Islamic Expressions in Art, Culture, and Literature by Cook, Weston F. (1998.0) - The Fourteenth Annual Conference of The American Council for the Study of islamic Societies, held on May 2 and 3, 1997, at The Connelly Center, Villanova University, Villanova, PA The American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies (ACSIS), is one of the oldest continuing organizations in the United States that focus- es specifically on Muslim states, societies, and the problems confronting Muslim communities throughout the world. John Anderson, Catholic University of America, took us through Islam on the Internet and the adventures of Selim the Cyber-Muslim in his “Islam in the Global Information Infrastructure.” Keywords: islamic; muslim; panel; professor; university
• Understanding Modernity on One’s Own Terms by Yassine, Abdel-Qader (1998.0) - I would argue that the secret behind the amazing growth of sup- port for Islamist movements is to be found in their being seen as truly independent of corrupt governments and imperialist outsiders, rather than in their “defense of God.” There are hardly any issues raised by religious movements which are optional and disappear from the political arena when the religious frame- work disappears. Keywords: egypt; god; ideas; islamic; islamists; lawrence; modem; movements; muslim; party; question; religion; society; world
• The Academic Study of Hadith in North America Universities by Altıntaş, Fatma Betül (2015.0) - However, the subfield of Hadith studies remains neglected. In comparison to its role and the approach at modern ac- ademic institutions in the Muslim world, Hadith studies in North American universities seem to have received attention mainly in terms of this body of literature’s authenticity. Keywords: american; courses; departments; hadith; hadith studies; ibn; islamic; journal; muslim; north; programs; research; scholars; sciences; studies; study; universities; university
• Competing Visions of Islam in the United States: A Study of Los Angeles by Kambiz GhaneaBassiri: Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press, 1997, 202 pp. by Hussain, Ahmed (1998.0) - Barring the initial works of a handful of scholars over the last 50 years, Muslim communities and their understanding of Islam in America have gone relatively unstudied in relation to other religious groups. The work raises fundamental questions regarding the validity of studying sociologi­ cally the American Muslim condition; whether a truly American Muslim con­ dition exists; and (if it does) it,; characteristic features. Keywords: american; islamic; muslim; states; study
• Reform Within Islam: The Tajdid and Jadid Movement Among the Kazan Tatars (1819-1917): Conciliation or Conflict? By Ahmet Kanltdere, Istanbul: Eren, 1997, 198 pp. by Gencer, Bedri (1998.0) - Apparently, as Fazlur Rahman, one of the most notable representatives of neo-Islamic modernism, pointed out, no classical Islamic modernism seems to have survived its fundamentalist version, remaining as the bogy of the western world today. The measure of suc- cess of this attempt was elusive; and as is every thought with an apologetic ring, Islamic modernism, following an initial phase of ardor, proved unable to tackle the western challenge. Keywords: islamic; modernism; muslim; thought
• International Seminar on Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Islamic Perspective by Haque, Amber (1998.0) - Major themes and the papers presented under those themes could be divided roughly into the follow- ing five categories: I. Qur’anic Insights into Psychotherapy The Qur’anic Insights into Psychotherapy, Abdul Khaliq Kazi, IIUM The Impact of Islamic Revelation on Psychotherapy, Ziad Al-Daghamin, HUM Iman-Centered Therapy, Nadiyah Elias, University Utara Malaysia Spiritual Health: A Preventive Approach, Zukariyya Abdel-Hady, Glasgow University, UK Psychotherapy and Counseling in Islam, Jatinder Kaur, Jamia Millia lslamia, New Delhi, India Haque: International Seminar on Counceling and Psychotherapy 155 Prevention of AIDS: Islamic Solutions, Waheeh Khan, Jamb Millia lslamia New Delhi, India Moral and Spiritual Aspects of Counseling, Mumtaz Fatima Jafari, IIUM Psychotherapy from an Islamic Perspective, Mohamad Abdur RmW, IIUM Mental Health and Prevention in Islam, G.H. Mobaraki, Seid Alshohado Hospital, Isfahan, Iran 11. 154 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15: 1 tioned that Al-Ghazali and Al-Balkhi had already given the explanations for the processes of stimulus generalizations and reciprocal inhibition before modem psychology. Keywords: iium; international; iran; islamic; muslim; perspective; psychotherapy; university
• Islam and Peace by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1998.0) - At a time when the Muslim world is suffering from an unmitigated epi- demic of violence, both from within and from without, Muslim scholars and peace and social activists got together for two days to examine the Islamic tradition of peace and to explore strategies to once again realize this Islamic ideal. Only a few of the participants were invited to present papers on subjects that dealt with the meaning of peace in Islam, the barriers to peace in the Muslim world, and the ten- sions between heightened religious identity and violence. Keywords: american; islamic; jihad; muslim; peace; university
• Exploring the Futures of the Ummah: A Review of Simulation Models and Approaches to the Study of Alternative Futures by lnayatullah, Sohail (1998.0) - Three Types of Futures Studies In my model of futures studies, I divide epistemological approaches of the future into three areas. Islamic futures would be more concerned about imagining future Muslim societies based on the Islamization of knowledge project or ask- Keywords: alternative; future; futures studies; growth; inayatullah; islamic; issues; knowledge; london; models; muslim; new; population; present; reality; sardar; scenarios; science; social; state; studies; thinking; trends; ummah; vision; west; world
• Editorial by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. (1997.0) - Although the decline of Islamic education started prior to the colonial period, the situation in this period became complex; Islamic education was driven away from public life to isolated religious institutions, leaving secular, Western edu- cation to become dominant. The first international conference on Islamic education in Makkah in 1977 drew attention to the need to rebuild Islamic education. Keywords: education; islamic; issue; muslim
• Winter’s Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul by Mohamed, Yasien (1997.0) - Winter elaborates on this point in response to Massignon’s verdict that the “Islamic credentials of Sufism” should not obscure the fact that there has been substantial Christian influence on certain forms of Muslim piety, particularly Christian attitudes to the world and the flesh -1- II). Winter’s translation is also supported by a scholarly introduction and notes; therefore, my review will focus on twq aspects: the scholarly approach of the author and the quality of his translation. Keywords: arabic; character; christian; english; ethics; god; islamic; muslim; notes; reader; soul; style; sufi; text; translation; winter
• Muslims as Co-Citizens in the West-Rights, Duties, Limits and Prospects by Hofmann, Murad Wilfried (1997.0) - In the process, Islam risks becoming more the victim of ethnic prejudice than religious prejudice. Fathi Osman put it succinctly when saying that “the division of dar al-Islam apart from the other world. . . Keywords: century; christian; europe; european; islam; islamic; muslim; religion; rights; west; western; world
• Political Science: An Islamic Perspective by Abdul Rashid Moten. London: MacMillan Press/St. Martin's, 1996, 217 pp., with Index. by Monshipouri, Mahmood (1997.0) - Islamic movements, for instance, in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Iran, which represent variations in strategy and tactics, typify the richness of Islamic reawakening and self-expression. While displaying similarities and dif- ferences between and among Islamic movements in the book’s final chapter, Moten points out that the characterization of these movements as “Islamic fun- damentalism” is deeply flawed and that the Islamic reawakening (naMah) must be viewed as a process (p. 128). Keywords: islamic; moten; muslim
• Islamization of Education by Saqeb, Ghulam Nabi (1997.0) - Dr. Zakiyya Muhammad, founding director of the Universal Institute for Islamic Education in California, highlighted the work under- taken by that institute in promoting the cause of Islamic education in the United States. As a direct consequence of the 1977 Conference, the World Centre for Organization of Islamic Education was set up in Makkah al-Mukarramah in 1981, under the auspices of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), to spearhead conceptual research and implement blueprints and recommendations of the confer- ence. Keywords: cape; college; conference; education; international; islamic; muslim; schools; south
• The Role of Schools in Islamic Society: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives by al-Otaibi, Moneer M. (1997.0) - Thus, a new and prosperous era in the development of Islamic schools had been ushered in.35 Al-Saqar has suggested that the school was “a result of more than four centuries of the development of the Islamic educational ~ys t e rn . ” The adoption of full-year programs in Islamic schools would pro- vide greater time to give students both revealed and acquired knowledge. Keywords: century; development; education; history; islamic; knowledge; muslim; mutawali; prophet; role; schools; sciences; society; state; time; world
• Islamic Education: A Challenge to Conscience by Sahadat, John (1997.0) - To say that Islamic education is a cultivation of the whde person is to emphasize that the spiritual dimensiordfaculty is fundamental, though often forgotten or deliberately omitted in Western education. Islamic education goes beyond secularism by making God‘s revelation in the Holy BooWQur’an the absolute measure of all things. Keywords: ashraf; challenge; education; faith; god; human; islamic; knowledge; modem; muslim; nature; science; system; technology; world
• Islamic Educational Institutions: Can the Heritage Be Sustained? by Waghid, Yusuf (1997.0) - In another way, without adab-the acknowledgment and recognition of creative order, truth and justice, “practices could not resist the corrupting power of institution^.^^ ~n my view, with a loss or lack of adab (internal good), Islamic educational institutions are destined to become impoverished and “unsustainable” institutions-mere monu- ments of “external” religious adornment and places where “learning” and “teaching” practices are unable to foster creative order, truth, and justice. My contention is that Islamic educational practices and institutions would become impov- erished, more specifically, rigid, because a lack of udab would give rise to a distorted rationale40 use Taylor’s notion, one in which “the origi- nal rationale may be lost. Keywords: adab; education; ibid; institutions; islamic; learning; madrasah; muslim; order; practices; understanding
• The Fula and Islamic Education in Freetown, Sierra Leone by Jalloh, Alusine (1997.0) - Second, Fula Islamic education has been designed to instill the disci- pline of hard work and to train the hands, mind, and intuitive faculty to cultivate the earth and benefit from what Allah has created. Therefore, the support of the Muslim schools was left to wealthy Muslims .3 * One of the chief beneficiaries of Fula Islamic education, especially during the colonial period, was the Aku community at Fourah Bay and Fula Town in the east of Freetown. Keywords: africa; aku; alhaji; children; colonial; community; education; freetown; fula; fuuta; government; islamic; jalloh; jalon; leone; muslim; school; sierra; sierra leone; west; western
• ON THE ROLE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS by Hofmann, Murad Wilfried (1997.0) - Reflect ions ON THE ROLE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS Murad Wilfried Hofmann Before delving into the subject of the role of Muslim intellectuals, we should agree on what we mean when using the term. Here, then, is the first great task of Muslim intellectuals: To chdlenge atheism on its own theoretical grounds, by becoming competent in phi- Hofmann: On the Role of Muslim Intellectuals 69 losophy and science; to prove that one can be both well educated and sci- entifically competent and a Muslim. Keywords: god; intellectuals; islam; islamic; man; muslim; qur’an; religion; today; world
• Islam and Politics in Central Asia: By Mehrdad Haghayeghi. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1995. by Ahrari, M.E. (1997.0) - Regarding Pan-Turkism, he writes, whether the growth of this ideology would result in the rise or decline of radical Islam remains a source of controversy. However, if the reformist and secular aspects of Pan-Turkism are emphasized by its proponents, it could weaken the growth of radical Islam. Keywords: asia; central; islam; islamic; muslim
• Editorial by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. (1997.0) - Presently our topic focus- es on Islamic economics. Until Muslim economists provide an adequate refutation of the neoclassical argument that Islamic economics is a “spe- cial case” of neoclassical theory, any attempt to teach Islamic economics is bound to be unsatisfactory. Keywords: economics; islamic; muslim; utility
• ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: BACKGROUND AND SCOPE by Maiwada, Danjuma A. (1997.0) - 280 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 142 Scope of Islamization of Knowledge From the point of view of Islam, knowledge is classified into two broad categories: basic knowledge derived directly from the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and knowledge acquired by man primarily with the help of his intellect and experiments. i o n can only precede knowledge, and without knowledge there is no Islam; hence, the revelation of the Holy Qur’an. Keywords: allah; discipline; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; man; muslim
• WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT: lMPLICATIONS FOR THE MUSLIM WORLD by Sultan, Arif (1997.0) - Strong market orientation to trade of agricul- Nal commodities has been envisaged through (a) reducing direct export Sultan: WTO Successor to GATT: Implications 177 subsidy by 36 percent and indirect support to farmers by 20 percent over a &year period; (b) converting all nontariff barriers into tariffs and then steadily reducing the latter by 36 percent over the next 6 years in the case of developed countries and by 24 percent over the next 10 years in the case of developing countries; and (c) requiring countries with farm mar- kets closed to foreigners to import at least 3 percent of domestic con- sumption, which will rise to 5 percent over a period of 6 years. In these circum- stances, economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be on the top of their agenda. Keywords: agreement; countries; gatt; manufacturing; muslim; percent; round; services; tariffs; trade; uruguay; world; wto; years
• ISLAM AND THE WEST: THE NEED FOR MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING by Yamani, Mohammed Abdou (1997.0) - It is noteworthy to mention here the constructive approach taken by another American j o d s t , Stephen Barbosa, in his recent American Jihad: Islam @er Malcolm X . When represented in the West, it is always associated with negative images that repel Westerners from seeing what Islam really is. Keywords: american; christians; god; islam; islamic; muslim; prophet; rights; social; way; west; world
• MUSLIM YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS IN BRITAIN: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS by Gilliat, Sophie (1997.0) - In the first part of this paper, I will examine the emergence and development of Muslim youth organizations in Britain, paying attention to questions such as their goals, membership, leadership, ethos, and activities. These conditions of a more permanent community settlement underpinned by relatively settled family life laid the foundations for .the Muslim youth organizations seen today. Keywords: activities; britain; british; fosis; groups; identity; islamic; members; muslim; organizations; society; youth
• Islam and the Western Philosophy of Knowledge: By Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. Selangor, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, 1994, 103 pp. by Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M. (1997.0) - Looking at chapter 3, “The Methodological Issues: A Critique,” one real- izes that the author takes up the same issues as in the preceding chapter only to deal with another set of western philosophers: Ren6 Descartes, Immanuel Kant, John Dewey, and Walter Stace (for the second time). So, is the author offering a Qur’anic rationale for and justification of some uiucial philosophical issues arising in the modem westem world, or is he interested in measuring the impact of western philosophy on the modem Muslim mind in the context of colonialism and the new world order? Keywords: author; issues; muslim; world
• THE CONCEPT OF MODERNIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC THOUGHT by Ali, Mohammad Mumtaz (1997.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 1 4 1 though these scholars have not redefined modernization from an explic- itly Islamic perspective, a working definition of Islamic modernization may be framed from their critical analysis of the epistemological foun- dation of the western conception of modernization. It is imperative to conceptualize modemization from an Islamic per- spective and to develop a clear conception of Islamic modernization. Keywords: development; god; humanity; ibid; iqbal; islamic; knowledge; life; modernization; muslim; nature; society; west
• MODERN INDIAN MUSLIMS AND IQBAL by Iqbal, Javaid (1997.0) - In this connection, the fmt thing to remember is that whenever Iqbal speaks of a modem Islamic state, he envisions traditional models of Islamic states that have appeared throughout history: caliphat, imamate, amirate, or various fonns of monarchy. Before talking about the three foundational principles on which a modem Islamic state can be built, as propounded by Iqbal, I would like to refer to the last paragraph of his sixth lecture, in which he defines Islamic state as a “spiritual democracy.” Keywords: community; indian; iqbal; islamic; law; lectures; modem; muslim; power; principles; sciences; society; state; thought; time; ulama
• THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD by Inayatullah, Sohail (1997.0) - However, while delegates at the meeting debated the positions of Islamic science, Western science, Islamic ontological science, and the world political economy (which frames who gets what), new technolo- gies promise to transform the ground of the debate. In addition to developing a critique of Western science and not acceding to an entirely cultural position of Islamic science, the conference touched upon the politics of policy mak- ing. Keywords: islamic; muslim; reality; science; world
• Muslim Women's Studies: Two Contributions by Kahf, Mohja (1996.0) - Both works study the place of Muslim women in the textual heritage of the community, but their points of departure are different. Surely, clues such as these call for meticulous research into the ways in which the literary presence of Muslim women has been erased from cultural memory and the ways in which it can be retrieved-but it begins with recognition that this presence exists. Keywords: aishah; gender; islamic; muhsin; muslim; qur’an; spellberg; studies; wadud; women
• Oikos/Polis Conflict: Perspectives of Gender Feminists and Islamic Revivalists by Kausar, Zeenath (1996.0) - The first strategic action undertaken by the INF for women’s public and especially political participation were the desegregation of its male and female wings and the institutionalization of a single structure for both, in the mid-1970~.~ This has helped women revivalists to interact with their male counterparts, share experiences, and inspire each other to work for the cause of Islam. They argue that all of these insti- tutions (the world and even God and religion) are structured on the views of men and for men’s domination of women.w Hence, equal political par- ticipation is necessary, for through equal political participation women can gradually overthrow men and establish a dictatorship of women, which would be a transitory period of settlement giving rise to a sexless and classless society. Keywords: class; family; feminism; feminists; gender; gender feminists; islamic; journal; kausar; leadership; male; movement; muslim; new; participation; revivalists; rights; role; social; society; state; women; world
• Allegorical Gender: The Figure of Eve Revisited by Abugideiri, Hibba (1996.0) - For some examples, see Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Y. Haddad, “Eve: Islamic Image of Woman,” Women’s Studies lnternationul Forum, 5, no. 2 (1987); D. A. Spell- berg, “Writing the Unwritten Life of the Islamic Eve: Menstruation and the Demonization of Motherhood,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, no. 29 (1996): 305-24; D. A. Spellberg, Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Part: The L.egacy of Aishu bint Abi Bukir (New York: Columbia University Press. 1994); Barbara F. Stowasser, Women in the Qur‘an, Tradirions and Interpretation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); Amina Wadud-Muhsin. It will only be through a rereading of the Qur’anic text and a review of the hadith literature that Muslim, in general, and Muslim women, in particular, can begin to expand and reform traditionalist views of what is “truly Islamic.” Keywords: adam; creation; eve; garden; gender; god; humanity; islamic; muslim; nature; qur’an; qur’anic; verse; women
• American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 30 Winter 2013 Number 1 by ojsadmin (2017.0) - According to da Costa, the unacceptability of abuse (similarly defined) from both the perspective of secular human rights and the Shari‘ah, is an ar- gument for looking to the wider interconnections demanded by habitus: the relationship among law, orientation, texture, and ontology. While it commends the bill’s aims in seeking to alleviate the plight of Muslim divorcées and widows, it is concerned that assimilating Islamic laws into a secular constitution would “distort or even replace the Divine Law of Islam.” Keywords: ajiss301; amss; asad; bill; debate; editor; god; human; islamic; journal; latest_ajiss; law; marriages; mmb; muslim; page; rights; sciences; secular; shari‘ah; social; south; state; thought
• Religions, Lifeways, Same Difference: Defining Dīn in the US, the Middle East, and South Asia by Delgado, Jibreel (2016.0) - In the latter Draz includes those of Descartes and Henri Bergson as well as what he refers to as the “school/doctrine of revelation” (al-madhhab al-ta‘līmi He cites several other verses that, according to him, use dīn in its com- prehensive sense as a complete way of life (niẓām al-ḥayāt al-kāmil al-shāmil) doctrinally (‘aqadīyah), intellectually (fikrīyah), morally (khuluqīyah), and 8 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Keywords: ajiss33; american; behavior; culture; draz; dīn; freedom; hamidullah; ibid; islamic; life; meaning; muhammad; muslim; page; practices; public; religion; riesebrodt; shakir; way
• The Philosophical Foundations of Islamic Political Economy by Khan, Mohammed A. Muqtedar (1996.0) - The former effort is best represented by Naqvi, who draws a parallel between Islamic economic principles and the theory of perfect competi- tion. Unfortunately, Ibn Khal- diin's work was not taken up and developed by other Muslim scholars for nearly five centuries-a tragedy that has contributed significantly to the stunted development of Islamic political economic thought. Keywords: development; economics; economy; god; islamic; mannan; muslim; principles; qur’an; social; society; state; work
• The Nature and Structure of the Islamic World: Ralph Braibanti. Chicago: International Strategy and Policy Institute, 1995, 108 pp. by Dadoo, Yousuf (1996.0) - After a brief examination of the negative impact of dominant culture on minority Muslims, Braibanti shifts his attention to non-Muslim minorities in Muslim countries. Within Muslim countries, assistance is often given by Westem countries to local unpopular regimes intent upon repressing the legitimate aspirations of the country’s citizens. Keywords: author; braibanti; countries; islamic; muslim; world
• Islamic Society in Practice: Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1994, 201 pp. by Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh (1996.0) - She also documents facts about the strides that Muslim women have been making that never make it to the headlines: For instance, many major universities in the Middle East, such as Cairo University, have about 50 percent female students, and until recently, there was a greater proportion of female medical doctors and engineers in Arab Muslim societies than in the West. She gives a very intimate picture of the ethos of Muslim societies and pays special atten­ tion to the structure of the extended Muslim family and the status of women in Islamic societies. Keywords: islam; muslim
• Islam and Israel: Muslim Endowments and the Jewish State Michael Dumper. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1994, 192 pp. by Saleh, Mohsen (1996.0) - This new law was part of a legal network that transferred Palestinian land and Muslim uwqcrfto Israeli Jewish state lands and to lands owned by the Jewish National Fund. Thus, although Muslims continued to manage the waqf system, Israeli interventions and restrictions undermined the authority of waqf administration and enabled Israel to acquire several waqf lands and properties. Keywords: israel; muslim; waqf
• The Failure of Political Islam: Olivier Roy Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994, xi + 238 pp. by al-Ahsan, Abdullah (1996.0) - His assur- ance to those who take the “Islamic threat” seriously is that the nation-state framework continues (and perhaps will continue) to be the determining fac- tor because “the UN has globalized Muslim states.” Muslim societies have failed to integrate the new lower- middle class graduates of the mass educational system with a differentiat- ed trade or professional status. Keywords: islamic; islamists; muslim; roy; state
• Islamic Resurgence in South Africa: A Historical Survey by Aziz, Ahmad Khalil (1996.0) - Muslim Establishments Several Muslim establishments in South Africa cater to the general needs of Muslims, and others cater to more specific needs. Field Report Islamic Resurgence in South Africa: A Historical Survey Ahmad Khalil Aziz The contemporary Islamic resurgence and spirit of pan-lslamism that are being experienced today throughout the world did not come about overnight. Keywords: africa; cape; company; dutch; east; education; india; islamic; muslim; natal; south; women
• Political Authority in Classical Islamic Thought by Sonn, Tamara (1996.0) - This would become the defining paradigm of Islamic political thought: Islamic law is the ultimate source of political authority. The ideal Islamic state is one governed by individuals or bodies bound by Islamic law.’ Keywords: authority; caliph; community; god; government; ibn; islamic; law; muslim; people; prophet; qur’an; scholars; social; taymiyah; theory; thought
• Constitutionalism and Ethnic Conflict: The Case of Pakistan by Mansur, Salim (1996.0) - In terms of population, the province of East Bengal, renamed East Pakistan, constituted more than half of Pakistan but, at the time of partition, had less than 1 percent of representation in what became the Pakistan army.” The One Unit scheme of 1955, which was introduced by the gov- emor-general to amalgamate the four westem provinces into one political and administrative wing and place East and West Pakistan on an equal basis of representation, was designed to deny East Pakistan its majority popula- tion status. Keywords: authority; ayub; bhutto; conflict; constitution; constitutionalism; country; democracy; government; india; islamic; khan; majority; military; muslim; national; new; order; pakistan; politics; power; press; process; society; state; system; university
• Toward Islamic Political Economy at the Turn of the Century by Choudhury, Masudul Alam (1996.0) - The subject of the theory of Islamic political economy is developed at length in M. A. Choudhury, The Principles of Islamic Political Economy: A Methodological Enquiry (London, UK: Then, we will bring out the framework of a theory of Islamic political economy premised on unifi- cation epistemology. Keywords: change; choudhury; development; economy; epistemology; grass; human; islamic; knowledge; manpower; market; muslim; order; process; roots; social
• The Testimony of Women in Islamic Law by al ‘Alwani, Taha J. (1996.0) - See the introduction written by 22hid al Kawthafi on Zayla’i, Nu& a1 R w h (India: al Majlis al ‘Ilmi, 1936). In fact, their work was corrected by many of the great scholars of hadith, among them Abii &‘iid al Dimasha, Abii ‘Ali al Jiyihii al Ghas- &ii, and Abii al @van al Darqu.tu~ii, who found two hundxed hadiths in al BukhWs and Muslim’s collections that did not measure up to the criteria for authenticity set by these two collectors themselves. Keywords: criteria; equality; god; hadith; ibn; islamic; man; muslim; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; scholars; social; society; sunnah; testimony; verse; way; women
• Muslim Intellectual History: A Survey by Pervez, Saulat (2023.0) - He taught Muhammad ibn Sirin (d. 110), Hafsa bint Sirin (d. ca. 100), and al-Hasan al-Basri (d. 110). For example, Sufyan al-Thawri had been educated in Kufa but adopted the exegetical approach of Ibn ‘Abbas.122 Likewise, al-Hasan al-Basri was influenced by the Madinan Saʿid ibn al- Musayyib.123 Keywords: brown; century; e r; early; f o; ghazali; god; hadith; history; ibid; ibn; ibn al; ibn taymiyya; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; law; m e; muhammad; muslim; n j; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; r n; reason; revelation; scholars; schools; shafiʿi; students; sufi; tafsir; taymiyya; theology; time; tradition; u r; women
• A Neoimperial Discourse on the Middle East by Coury, Ralph (1996.0) - In A World Outside: The Fiction of Paul Bowles, Richard Patteson recognizes that Bowles’s fiction is heir to the imperialist romance that chronicles the adventures of European explorers who travel into uncharted territory and establish their good influence among dark-skinned natives. Sameofthis mataial will appear in an article entitledPaul Bowles and Chiemtalian, to be published in MirrorsonrhcMag~:CriricalReflectiomonPeulmdJoneBowltsMdOthrrAmrricM Wrirers in Moracco, edited by R. Kevin Lacey and Francis W e (Delmar. Keywords: american; arab; bowles; culture; islamic; muslim; mustapha; orientalism; paul; work; world
• The Growing Trend of Homeschooling in the Washington Metropolitan Area Muslim Community by Seif-Amirhosseini, Zahra (2016.0) - An estimated 87 percent of all children aged five to seventeen were enrolled in public schools, and their average school attendance was 162 days per year.18 By the mid-1960s, however, growing disenchantment with the ongoing sec- ularization of public education, deepening concern about trends in American culture related to drugs, sex, and disorder; a resurgent evangelical faith ... sparked the phenomenal increase in the number of Christian day schools.19 This movement was the forerunner to the homeschooling one that ex- ploded in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. The growth in homeschooling poses a fundamental challenge to the cen- turies-long scheme of American public education. Keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; american; children; curriculum; education; homeschoolers; homeschooling; muslim; parents; public; reasons; research; schools; social
• Accommodation and Acceptance of Non-Muslim Communities within the Malaysian Political System: The Role of Islam by Mazaffar, Chandra (1996.0) - Of the groups involved in the Malay nationalist movement, it was this elite that had the greatest exposure to non-Malay communities. Although it did not see itself as an Islamic party 32 and clothed its aspirations in nationalist garb, its underlying concern was the same as PAS’S: the accommodation of non-Malay communities through liberal citizenship laws threatened to make Malays a “back num- ber” in their own country? Keywords: accommodation; chinese; citizenship; communities; community; islam; islamic; leadership; malay; muslim; non; pas; social; society; umno
• Editorial by Nafi, Basheer (1995.0) - a view that lies at the heart of Islamic debate on secuhtyrn. The discussion of Hay Basson and Zein Cajee, “Designing the Islamic Component of a Proposed World Religion Curriculum for South African State Schools,” is very pertinent to understanding the development of con- temporary minority Islamic societies and ideas within a larger non-Islamic social context. Keywords: islamic; muslim; world
• Desacralizing Secularism by Manzoor, Parvez (1995.0) - For him, the eclipse of religion entails p-minently a crisis of political theory and a loss of authority. Only the church’s attempt to subordinate supreme political power to its own authority, its scrambling for the riches of this world as it were, can be held responsible for the virulence of the antireligious sentiment that characterized the Enlightenment. Keywords: authority; church; faith; god; history; modem; muslim; politics; power; religion; secularism; secularization; social; state; theory; world
• Western Domination and Political Islam: Challenge and Response by Khalid Bin Sayeed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995, 197 pp. by Koshul, Basit B. (1995.0) - Questions of this nature are being asked Book Reviews 565 increasingly in Muslim circles, and some possible answers have been offered. As a result, Muslim intellectuals have started to ask Why? Keywords: challenge; muslim; sayeed
• Framing Political Islam: Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood and the 2011 Uprising by Reda, Amir Abdul (2016.0) - Framing Political Islam: Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood and the 2011 Uprising Amir Abdul Reda Abstract What aspects of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood’s (a.k.a. the Ikhwan) cultural/ideological framing contributed to its failure to gather opponents of the Assad regime around its leadership dur- ing the 2011uprising? Only in 2011 did the Brotherhood re-adopt an op- positional stance when a concrete opportunity to do so arose.15 Political opportunity structures focus on the openings and constraints of the social context in which the social movement evolves as exogenous actors Reda: Framing Political Islam 3 both impose limitations and open opportunities for empowerment, regardless of the existing resources or discontent.16 Keywords: assad; brotherhood; framing; islamic; islamist; khatib; leadership; lefevre; movement; muslim; new; opposition; regime; social; state; syria; uprising
• United Nations Commission on the Status of Women: Shawwal 13- Dhu al Qa'dah 1415/ March 15-April 4, 1995 New York City, New York by Mattson, Ingrid (1995.0) - In general, however, it is believed that in the intervening ten years the situation for women world- wide has become worse instead of better. The G77 tried to stress at every opportunity the harmful effects of many macroeconomic policies on their economies in general and on women in particular. Keywords: muslim; nations; united; women; world
• Designing the Islamic Component of a Proposed World Religion Curriculum for South African State Schools by Basson, Ray (1995.0) - Accordingly, the Muslim community’s present concern is to transmit Islamic ideals as one faith within the country to students of other faiths and to revivify its ideals for Islamic students in a world religion state program. In the first initiative, Muslim parents and workers of the Al-Fajr LEAD Centre, after voicing their concern over student disaf- fection with mainstream Islamic curricula, sought to reconceive these cur- ricula to revivify student interest in the faith. Keywords: africa; cajee; concepts; content; curriculum; education; experience; faith; identity; islamic; learning; muslim; national; religion; south; students
• Fi Masadir al Turath al Siyasi al Islami: By Nasr Muhammad 'Arif (Arabic). Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1994, 237pp. by Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M. (1995.0) - In the words of the author, the collective Arab academic mentality, since the middle of the nineteenth century, has mea­ sured itself against the lenses of the [European] other, (p. 72) to the extent that some contemporary Arab philosophers, such as 'Abd al Ra}Jman Badaw1 and Ibrahim Madkiir, who follow in the footsteps of the French orientalist Ernest Renan, consider Islamic political philosophy to be pure­ ly Greek in conception and even evolution; 3) reducing the overall intellectual formation of Islamic political phi­ losophy to the product of a few intellectual giants and thereby neglecting the objective social, political, historical, and epistemological conditions and contexts that might have given rise to a multidimensional Islamic political theory; and finally 4) many modern scholars have never been able to go beyond the lin­ guistic jargon of Islamic political theory, the natural result of which is an absurd neglect of the essential meanings that one might derive from the various Islamic political languages. The author's primary intention is to document and discuss the main sources (i.e., writings) of Islamic political thought from the first centuries to the present. Keywords: islamic; muslim; thought
• The Paradigm of Knowledge of the Modern Islamic Resurgence by Tayob, Abdulkader I. (1995.0) - Nevertheless, contrasting Islamic paradigms between the orthodox focus on textual control and the nonscriptural folk Islam of peasants, bedouins, and urban masses are visible. They developed what I prefer to call a mod­ em Islamic paradigm, which I will now outline. Keywords: history; islamic; islamic paradigm; knowledge; modem; muslim; new; paradigm; power; press; prophet; resurgence; sciences; social; society; traditional; university; west; world
• Editorial by Nafi, Basheer (1995.0) - Using methods and approaches of psychology, Mohamed pushes Islamic attempts to for- mulate psychological theory one step further. From Reaction to Reform” is an exposition of a very interesting moment in the evolution of Islamic discourse on women, as the hitherto defensive position is graudally assuming a creative and constructive attitude. Keywords: islamic; muslim
• Muslim Communities in North America: Edited by Yvonne Haddad and Jane Smith. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994, 545 pp. by Altalib, Omar (1995.0) - This book raises many important issues: the role of women in American Muslim communities; efforts to survive in a non-Muslim envi- ronment and to reach out to non-Muslim communities; minority-major- ity relations and the differential access of North American Muslim communities to power, wealth, and prestige; the maintenance of a Muslim identity; assimilation vs. preservation; and the urbanicity of Muslims in the West. After reading the book, one obtains a good sense of the varied history of American Muslim communities. Keywords: american; book; communities; dar; islamic; muslim; women
• Russia's Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in Cross-Cultural Analysis by Dale F. Eickelman ( ed.), Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993, 244 pp. by Ahrari, M. E. (1995.0) - For instance, the Qorabashi armed resistance in Muslim Central Asia was labeled the Basmachi (or bandit) move­ ment by the Soviet Union and its scholars. When the former Soviet Union was alive and well, there were Soviet scholars, a rubric that largely included specialists on Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. Keywords: muslim; soviet
• Islamic Thought in the South Asian Subcontinent: The Eighteenth Century by Ansari, Zafar I. (1995.0) - Writings: Fath a1 Rahmdn; a1 Fawz a1 Kabir; Fath a1 Kabir; Mujaffci; Musawwci; Hujjat Allah a1 Balighah; a1 Budiir a1 Bcizighah; Izcilat a1 Khafci; Qurrat a1 ‘Aynayn; a1 Insciffi Sabab a1 Ikhtilcifi ‘Iqd a1 Jid; Tafiimdt-i Ilcihiyah; a1 Khayr a1 Kathir; Fuyiid a1 Haramayn; Anfcis a1 ‘Ar$n, a1 Qawl a1 Jamil; Altdfii Quds; Sata‘cit; Lama‘&; Siiriir a1 Mahziin; a1 Juz’ a1 La.L$ a1 Mundhiri; Mukhtasar a1 Zawcijir ‘an Iqtircif a1 Kabci’ir; Shqh a1 Hikam a1 ‘Ata’iyah; Muqaddimahfi a1 ‘Aqci’id; I r skd a1 Naqqcid ilci Taysir a1 Ij t ikd; Sharh Hikam a1 Haddcidiyah; Riscilah fi Radd-i Bid’at a1 Ta’ziyah; Riscilah fi a1 Nahy ‘an ‘Ishq a1 Mard wa a1 Niswcin; I‘fci’ a1 Lihyah. Keywords: century; decline; history; islamic; lahore; muslim; period; subcontinent; thought; world; writings
• Minority Muslim Communities in Post-Bipolar Europe (Western Europe & the Balkans): 23-25 Rabi' al Thani 1415/ 28-30 September 1994 Amman, Jordan by Taji-Farouki, Suha (1995.0) - James House (Leeds University, UK) discussed the “space” of Muslim identities in contempo- rary French society and analyzed the way in which Muslim identities there have been portrayed in political discourse as incompatible with “French identity.” The first theme addressed Muslim identity under communism and Islam’s renaissance since the collapse of communism. Keywords: europe; identity; islam; muslim; university
• American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 30 Spring 2013 Number 2 by ojsadmin (2017.0) - ‘Abd al-Halim ‘Uways, Ibn îazm al-Andalus¥: Juh´duh´ f¥ al-Baúth al-TŒr¥kh¥ al-îaèŒr¥ (Cairo: al-Zahra’ li al-I‘lam al-‘Arabi, 1988), 114-17. 21. Her re- search areas include democratic citizenship education, cosmopolitanism, and Islamic education. rage. Keywords: ahmad; american; amss; compassion; editor; education; hazm; humanity; ibid; ibn; ibn hazm; islamic; iteration; jihad; journal; language; muslim; people; scholars; sciences; social; society; terrorism; thought; violence; world
• Fitrah and Its Bearing on the Principles of Psychology by Mohamed, Yasien (1995.0) - Furthermore, we will show the relevance of this concept to developing the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, psychological, and legal principles of Islamic psychology. We shall elaborate on the implications of fitrah and their bearing on the principles of Islamic psychology. Keywords: child; god; hisher; human; humanity; individual; islamic; knowledge; mohamed; muslim; nature; principle; psychology; responsibility; self; social; state
• Islamists and Women in the Arab World: From Reaction to Reform? by Ghadbian, Najib (1995.0) - Also, as Sudanese Islamist Su‘ad al Fa@ remarks, social work was an accessible path by which Islamist women could enter the arena of public and politi- cal work, for it was often based on female house-to-house networking and established grass-roots connections between women. Therefore, she and other Islamist women could count upon Islamist men to be supportive as she challenged tradi- tional practices oppressive to women, even on goals that they share with feminists. Keywords: american; conditions; conservative; example; gender; islamic; islamists; issue; mernissi; movement; muslim; participation; public; social; society; sudanese; women; world
• The Islamic Impact on Western Civilization Reconsidered by Kohsul, Basit B. (1995.0) - The Islamic Impact on Medieval Scholastic Thought6’ Dawson and Goldstien recognized the influence of Islamic thought on the intellectual currents of medieval Europe, but only in the general con- text of the movement of ideas. Commenting on this point, Makdisi writes: Khilaf [dialectical disputation] is a specifically Islamic institu- tion, a core component of the scholastic method, influencing the fundamental structure of the West.70 (emphasis added) Having looked at the contribution of medieval thought to the emer- gence of modem thought, as well as the influence of Islamic thought on medieval thought, attention will now be focused on classical Greek thought. Keywords: arabic; christian; civilization; colleges; europe; european; fact; greek; history; impact; influence; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; medieval; method; muslim; philosophy; science; spirit; thought; tradition; western; world
• Islam and Colonial Rule in Lagos by Lawal, Olakunle A. (1995.0) - 4. See R. S. Smith, The Lagos Consulate, 18.51-I861 (Lagos: Macmillan, 1978); J. B. Losi, History of Lagos (Lagos: CMS, 1921); and 0. A. R. Lawal, “Background to Urbanization: Lagos Society on the Eve of 1900” in Lagos Society in Transition: Aspects of Urbanization and Change, ed. Islam and Colonial Rule in Lagos Olakunle A. Lawal Introduction This essay provides an explanation of the dynamics of the interaction between Islam and politics by placing emphasis on the role played by Muslims in the collision of traditionalism and British rule as colonialism took root in Lagos. Keywords: administration; british; century; colonial; community; crisis; eleko; history; imam; islam; lagos; lagosian; mosque; muslim
• A Holistic and Institutional Analysis of Islamic Education by Rahman, Mawdudur (1994.0) - To fill this void we added din a1 Islam, which will contribute to the process by serving as a unifying force based on Islamic values.. Scholars agree that the lack of knowledge about Islam is the primary reason for the absence of dynamism in Islamic life. Keywords: allah; education; islamic; knowledge; life; mosque; muslim; qur’an; social; values
• Contemporary Social Theory: Tawhidi Projections by Abul-Fadl, Mona M. (1994.0) - One is re- minded of the parabolic bird-infested tree and the sage of al G-i. One way to overcome excess is to inject a sense of measmc into contemporary social theory and not to presume either the indifference of social theory or the irrelevance of measure to it. This is a pity, for the subject matter and scope of social theory go beyond the confines of any exclusive tradition, while its reach and influence in the global context of our times merely reinforce its extended compass. Keywords: abul; american; conflict; contemporary; context; cultural; culture; culture type; empirical; encounter; end; field; history; inquiry; islamic; journal; knowledge; matrix; means; median; modem; modernity; muslim; nature; new; order; oscillating; paradigm; perspective; philosophy; point; press; self; sense; social; social sciences; society; theory; thought; tradition; type; university; university press; view; way; west; world; york
• Islamic Revivalism in Recent Western Writings by Qutb, Sayyid (1994.0) - In other words, his objective is to analyze the connection between political Islam and society in selected Arab countries, especially Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. In his view, it is the Muslim rejection of modernity that is the crux of the matter: The picture that emerges is not one which scholars studying Islamic society would tend to refhte. Keywords: abu; arab; binder; islamic; modem; muslim; new; philosophy; press; qutb; revivalism; sayyid; social; society; study; western; world
• Power-sharing Islam? By 'Azzam Tamimi (ed). London: Liberty Publications, 1993, 192 pp. by Dadoo, Yousuf (1994.0) - Islamic democracy is at variance with liberal democracy, since the former is a popular suzerainty operating within God’s suzerainty. He states that the multiparty system is gaining in popularity among Islamic political parties and movements. Keywords: democracy; islamic; muslim; power; sharing
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1994.0) - I have been associated with this journal since we named it MISS and coined the term Islamic social science. These years have been charactmized by a great struggle to define and to develop Islamic social sciences and to identify scholam both here and abroad who were willing and qualified to work for the intellectual reform of the ummah. Keywords: america; muslim
• Muslim Commitment in North America: Assimilation or Transformation? by Moore, Kathleen M. (1994.0) - The focus is on the gradual transformation of American Muslims' perceptions and self-identification coaxed by the ways civil law has penetrated and come to dominate their daily lives. How- ever, American Muslims are not restricted to a particular national origin, for they repmient a micmcusm of the variated and multinational global community of Islam. Keywords: african; american; american muslim; community; court; elijah; ibid; islamic; journal; law; movement; muhammad; muslim; muslim community; nation; new; north; prison; rights; social; society; states; united; world
• Religious Belief and Scientific Belief by Mahdi, Muhsin (1994.0) - As one looks at these histories of Islamic philosophy and science and asks oneself What is Islamic science? The Qur'anic Perspective The Arabic expressions in the Qur'an that are used to signify mental discipline and usually translated into English as science are primarily two: 'ih, normally rendered as science or knowledge (a faculty of sciences is regularly called kulhyat al 'ulzim in Arabic, 'ulzim being the plural of 'ilm) and & h u h , normally tendered as wisdom. Keywords: belief; disciplines; islamic; knowledge; muslim; philosophy; relation; religion; science; theology; things; way
• Political Islam: By Charles Butterworth and I. William Zartman, eds. Annuls of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 524 (November 1992). by Hashmi, Sohail H. (1994.0) - Ira Lapidus argues that Islamic political theory has been governed by two paradigms, each grounded in a separate vision of the Islamic golden age. Nazih Ayubi and Shahrough Akhavi examine Islamic political theory and its application to contem- porary problems. Keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; politics; state; theory
• Islamic Studies in South Africa by Sonn, Tamara (1994.0) - Situation Revort Islamic Studies in South Africa Background of South African Islam In 1994, South Africans will celebrate three centuries of Islam in South Africa. Credit for establishing Islam in South Africa is usually given to Sheikh Yusuf, a Macasser prince who was exiled to South Africa for leading the resistance against the Dutch colonization of Malaysia. Keywords: africa; cape; community; indian; islamic; muslim; south; south africa; studies; university
• Islamization of Knowledge: A Critique by Mohamed, Yasien (1994.0) - As pointed out earlier, the conflicting philosophies underlying modem and Islamic disciplines may result in an Islamization that amounts to no more than casting an Islamic veneer over modem disciplines. The subsequent exclusion of traditional scholars from the process of creative synthesis, a major side effect, ignom the fact that alternative Islamic paradigms and the recon- struction of Islamic disciplines can only emerge out of those very traditional Islamic disciplines. Keywords: disciplines; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; legacy; modem; muslim; plan; rahman; sciences; social; university
• Islamic Resurgence and Western Reaction: By Mohammad Akram Chaudhary Michael D. Berdine by Chaudhary, Mohammad Akram; Berdine, Michael D. (1994.0) - She visits Egypt regularly, and her fears regarding this country, which has the most populated and nervous bourgeoisie of the Middle East, are depicted fully when she states: “There is also a tangible fear, which I had never known before, that Egypt, with nearly sixty million people-one third of the Arab world-could lose its struggle against militant Islam” (ibid., 76-84). One is the dichotomy between official Islam and popular Islam. Keywords: american; christian; east; fundamentalism; ibid; islamic; middle; muslim; new; reaction; resurgence; social; states; term; threat; west; world
• Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East: By Donna Bowen and Evelyn Early, eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. by Altalib, Omar (1994.0) - Last but not least, jurists belonging to the brotherhood can no longer administer Islamic law, for state law administerid by government-appointed judges is the only law allowed. Elizabeth Fernea discusses “The Veiled Revolution” in a manner designed to complement her film series on Middle Eastern women. Keywords: book; middle; morocco; muslim; people
• BRISMES 1994 Annual Conference: 4-6 Safar 1415/12-14 July 1994 University of Manchester Manchester, United Kingdom by Asmal, Abu-Bakr M. (1994.0) - Turning to the Turks’ religious identity, he claimed that 90 per- cent would traditionally regard themselves as ummati Muhammud- an identity based on a religious millat that would admit neither a linguistic nor an ethnic distinction. This was achieved by grouping the speakers, many of whom were from overseas, into thirty-four panels covering such diverse themes as law, politics, lan­ guage, literature, poetry, culture, identity, history, religion, architec­ ture, mysticism, media, economics, and agriculture. Keywords: conference; identity; islamic; middle; muslim; secular; sense; session; unity
• Islam and Civil Society in South Africa: Prospects for Tolerance and Conflict Resolution On 27-29 Safar 1415/5-7 August, 1994 University of South Africa Pretoria, South Africa by Moosa, Ebrahim (1994.0) - All together, some twenty-three papers dealing with various aspects of South African civil society were presented. Zuleikha Mayat’s paper gave a detailed account of the courageous political support provided by Muslim women to their menfolk in the political struggles of the Transvaal Indian Congress, while Zubeda Dangor focused on painful accounts of the abuse of women, a phenomenon that cuts across all sectors of Muslim society. Keywords: africa; muslim; society; south
• The Faqīh as Engineer: A Critical Assessment of Fiqh’s Epistemological Status by Paya, Ali (2016.0) - I will then expound upon the main characteristics of en- gineering as a particular field within the broad church of technologies (section 3), briefly explain the main characteristics of applied sciences, and argue that the meanings attached to engineering and applied sciences have changed greatly over time. While both are part of technology, the narrowed modern meaning of applied sciences now refers to a particular activity that may be re- garded as only a small part of engineering in the general sense. Keywords: ajiss33; design; engineering; engineers; example; faqīh; fiqh; fuqahā; islamic; knowledge; laws; muslim; page; problems; reality; science; solutions; technologies; technology
• Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance: A Survey of Some New Developments by Eid, Florence (1994.0) - What is novel about current approaches is the (often very explicit) recognition that if Islam today does not appear compatible with capitalism and democracy, the problem is one of interpretation on both ends. She is generally quite optimistic about the role that the youth can play in bringing about American Muslim Leonard Binder is interested in how contemporary Muslim actors adapt traditional Islam to contemporary conditions. Keywords: american; bank; change; development; east; economics; egypt; eid; fundamentalism; governance; haddad; islam; islamic; issues; john; law; modem; muslim; new; project; relationship; research; role; scholars; social; society; soviet; state; studies; study; subject; system; thought; today; work; world; zakat
• Naturalization and the Rights of Citizens by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1994.0) - It was for this teason that secularists in the Muslim world saw the presence of non-Muslim minorities as a powerful argument that could be used to quell the demands of the Islamic political agenda. In this way, non-Muslim minorities co- existed with Muslims for centuries and even played important roles in the Muslim societies in which they lived. Keywords: islamic; muslim; non; rights; secularists; society; thought; world
• Mirrors and Windows: Redefining the Boundaries of the Mind by Serageldin, Ismail (1994.0) - Second: Muslim intellectuals must explore more thoroughly the prob- lem of cultural continuity in contemporary Muslim societies. History matte~s.~' On Method k t me outline my personal I believe that this synthesis of critical method and in-depth historical, cultural, and socioeconomic knowledge of a society is necessary to make ptogress in dealing with the challenges of contemporary Muslim societies. Keywords: american; art; bank; behavior; boundaries; cairo; contemporary; democracy; development; ethics; human; identity; intellectual; islamic; issues; journal; mind; muslim; new; rights; serageldin; social; societies; society; today; values; west; windows; women; world; york
• The Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the AMSS: 28 Rabi al Akhir-1 Jumada- al Awwal 1414/15-17 October 1993 International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia by Ul Haq, Irfan (1994.0) - The Muslim Education panel featured M. A. W. Fakhri (Chicago State University, Chicago, IL), who spoke on the Open Islamic University and looked into its prospects for success. The banquet keynote speaker, Ali Mazrui (Albert Schweitzer Pro- fessor in the Humanities and Director of Global Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY) talked on Islam and the Debate over the End of History. Keywords: american; chicago; islamic; knowledge; media; muslim; panel; social; state; university; washington
• Islam and the End of History by Mazrui, Ali A. (1993.0) - In this phase, Muslims affected world history, not by design but by attempting to change more localized history and then gen- erating consequences abroad. If this is what we mean by the major changes that took place in periods of Islamic history, an approximate extension of the then nascent scientific revolution depends on one's perspective. Keywords: american; capitalism; century; countries; democracy; end; europe; example; france; french; god; history; islam; islamic; muhammad; muslim; new; press; revolution; social; university; west; world; york
• Postmodernism and Islam:: Predicament and Promise By Akbar S. Ahmed. London: Routledge, 1992, 294 pp. by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1993.0) - In chapter four, entitled Studying Islam, Ahmed appreciates post- modernism's broadening of the scholarly discourse on the one hand to ac- commodate a more tolerant and an objective study of Islam. With regatd to the non- Muslim trio of scholatship on Islam, Ahmed feels that while the hostile orientalkt persists and continues to feed the shallow stemtypical negative imptessionS of Islam, there is emerging a new non-Muslim western scholarship that wants to learn, is sympathetic, and can be nutaved via friendship with Muslims and their willingness to leam the nature of media and information. Keywords: ahmed; book; chapter; culture; islam; islamic; media; muslim; west; world
• Female Preachers and the Public Discourse on Islam in Malaysia by Ismail, Norbani B. (2016.0) - This senti- ment was echoed by another preacher who believed that she benefits women because “we (women) need women preachers rather than men (preachers), … because they (men) don’t face what we are facing – health problems, how to manage the house, how to manage the children. Jeanette S. Jouili and Schirin Amir-Moazami’s study on women’s reli- gious activism in Germany and France has shown that Muslim women gain their interpretive authority through their own knowledge and training.5 In fact, these three women’s possession and subsequent diffusing of authoritative knowledge, not to mention their authority and leadership in religious knowl- edge, conferred the necessary power upon them. Keywords: activism; authority; bahyah; discourse; god; hayati; islam; islamic; ismail; journal; knowledge; malaysia; muslim; preachers; preaching; prophet; public; qur’an; social; society; state; studies; women
• Islam and the West by Prince of Wales, Charles, (1993.0) - Another obvious Western prejudice is to judge the position of women in Islamic society by the extreme cases. For example, we have under- estimated the importance of the eight hundred years of Islamic society and culture in Spain between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries. Keywords: britain; europe; gentlemen; islamic; life; muslim; society; way; west; women; world
• Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies: 11-12 Ramadan 1413/5 -6 March 1993 Georgetown University, Washington, DC by Sadiq, Yushau (1993.0) - Yushau Sodiq (exas Christian University, Forth Worth, TX) ana- lyzed Muslim-Christian relations in Nigeria. Theodore P. Wright, Jr. (State University of New York, Albany, NY) informed the audience about the causes and impact of the religious conflict surtounding India's Babri Masjid. Keywords: islam; muslim; university; world
• Selected Major Issues in Instructional/Communication Technology: An Islamic Perspective by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1993.0) - However, it is important to remember that the bene- fits of modem instructional media far outweigh the disadvantages. By extension, instructional technology (IT) means all tools at our disposal for facilitating learning. Keywords: communication; development; education; humanity; instructional; islamic; issues; media; medium; message; muslim; social; technology; values; view
• Fundamental Rights of the Individual: An Analysis of Haqq (Right) in Islamic Law by Kamali, Mohammad H. (1993.0) - The answers given are partly the outcome of my reflections based on nearly a decade of intermittent research on basic rights and liberties in Is- lamic law. In both instances, the purpose is to create basic rights and coms- ponding obligations. Keywords: american; analysis; benefit; concept; definition; dignity; duties; duty; example; god; haqq; human; huqq; individual; islamic; justice; kamali; law; life; muslim; obligations; person; qur'an; right; ruling; shari'ah; social; values
• The Methodology of the Islamic Behavioral Sciences by Abu-Saud, Mahmoud (1993.0) - We can do this because the so- called Islamic behavioral sciences must necessarily have their origins in Islamic precepts (tushrz-) in the sense that their principles and laws must either be in accotd with or, at least, not be in violation of the Shari'ah. It is essential for those studying Islamic behavioral sciences to con- sider the science of wil as a starting point. Keywords: behavioral; fiqh; islamic; knowledge; laws; methodology; muslim; principles; science; shari'ah; social; subject
• Muslim Families in North America: By Earle H. Waugh, Sharon Mclrvin Abu-Luban, and Regula Burckhardt Qureshi (eds.). Calgary: The University of Alberta Press, 1991, 369 pp. by Hashem, Mazen (1993.0) - Waugh states that ethnicity is only an imperfect tool in uncovering the meanings of Muslim family life in North America (p. 91). This book discusses Muslim families as part of the plural- stic and ever-changjng social fabric of the United States and Canada. Keywords: american; book; chapter; community; family; identity; islamic; marriage; muslim; north; social; study; time
• Islam in Europe: Generation to Generation 12-14 Shawwal I 5-7 April 1993 St. Catherine's College and The School of Geography University or Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom by Kucukcan, Talip (1993.0) - Although one cannot make broad generalizations on recent trends, Nielson maintained that young Muslims in western Europe are disconnecting themselves from rural­traditional Islam and preferring a more intellectual interpretation of Islam. Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 431 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Islam in Europe: Generation to Generation 12 - 14 Shawwiil I 5-7 April 1993 SL Catherine's College and The School of Geography University or Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom This conference was opened by Jergen Nielsen (Centre for the Study of Islam and Muslim-Christian Relations, Selly Oak Colleges, Birming­ham, United Kingdom), who discussed Muslims in Europe into the Next Millennium. Keywords: europe; islam; islamic; muslim; religious
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1993.0) - His passionate commitment to the reconstruction of Islamic thought, as well as his tireless involvement in writing, lecturing, and touring from country to country and from city to city, were a great inspiration to our young scholars. He urges firms to establish independent depart- ments in order to develop and institute plans, policies, and methods designed to ensure the application of Islamic teachings with respect to various commercial practices, particularly in the area of personnel and production management. Keywords: islamic; muslim; science; social; thought
• Firm Level Decisions and Human Resource Development in an Islamic Economy by Aziz, Abdul (1993.0) - This requires training production workers to make quality checks during the manufacturing process. Current statistics about worker health, even in the wealthy western nations, are very disappoint- ing. Keywords: american; countries; development; firm; growth; human; islamic; journal; knowledge; muslim; people; policies; productivity; prophet; quality; resource; workers
• Religious Identity, Citizenship, and Welfare: The Case of Muslims in Britain by Ahmad, Waqar I. (1993.0) - And in Britain, fol- lowing the Rushdie Affair and the Gulf War, British Muslim citizens have been challenged to demonstrate their Btitishess. Various state welfare agencies now base their assessment and provision of welfare to minority ethnic communities on their assessment of the claimant's immigration status and have thus be- come tools of state immigration control. Keywords: britain; british; citizenship; communities; ethnic; health; identity; immigration; london; minority; muslim; needs; racism; rights; social; state; welfare
• The Crisis of Thought and Ijtihad by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1993.0) - Reflections The Crisis of Thought and Ijtihad Tdhi J. a1 'Alwdni The Muslim mind experienced a crisis of thought when, duting the early centuries of the Islamic eta, ijtihad began to be viewed as limited to legal matters rather than as a methodology for dealing with all aspects of life. However, this patticulari- zation of ijtihad confined the Muslim mind, and taqlid eventually led to the paralysis of its creative abilities. Keywords: fiqh; ijtihad; muslim; ummah
• Islam in History: By Malek Bennabi (translated from French and annotated by Asma Rashid). Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute Press, 1988, 110 pp. by Arif, Kokab (1993.0) - In his struggle to come to grips with Muslim inaction and impotence, he says that the post-a1 Muw&d Muslim is the victim of a deadly syl- logism: We are Muslim, therefore we are perfect (p. 44). Using a sociological base, he focuses on the behavior of the indi­ vidual in Muslim society. Keywords: bennabi; muslim; post; ummah
• Symposium on the Futures of the Islamic World: Algiers, Algeria 8-11 Shawwal 1410 / 4-7 May 1990 by El-Mandjra, Mahdi (1993.0) - Future studies are thriving in the industrialized nations, which account for 97 percent of all future studies expenditures, particularly in the fields of training, documentation, and scientific research and its applications. Future studies are not a science in themselves, although they make use of exact and social sciences. Keywords: countries; development; future; islamic; muslim; percent; population; social; society; south; studies; women; world
• The Attitude of Muslim Scholars to New Approaches in Religious Studies by Dangor, Suleman (1993.0) - The essential distinction between the approaches of contemporary western scholars of Islam and those of Muslim scholars can be attributed to their respective goals. For Muslim scholars, the purpose is not only to produce graduates well-versed in various aspects of Muslim history, cultwe, and civilization, but also to equip them to tackle or solve contemporary problems facing Muslim societies (Sardar 1983). Keywords: approach; islam; islamic; muslim; religion; scholars; social; study
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1993.0) - He stresses the following points: a) The centrality of Islam in Malcolm X’s message; b) the role of Islam as a method of analysis and instrument of change; c) the significance of Islam as a vehicle of political mobilization; d) Marcia (Mujahidah) K. Hermansen has surveyed for us the trends in Islamic studies in the United States and Canada since the 197Os, a period characterized by an extraordinary interest in Islam, Muslims, and the Muslim world. Keywords: islamic; knowledge; malcolm; muslim; social
• The Quest for an Islamic Methodology: The Islamization of Knowledge Project in Its Second Decade by Safi, Louay (1993.0) - As the purpose of this analysis is not a comprehensive critique of Umziyiin's work but rather to emphasize the point that a truly Islamized knowledge presupposes the emergence of a mature and sophisticated methodology, I will discuss only one of the concepts considered by Umziyiin as part of Islamic social science: social inequality. In an article that ap- peared shortly after his death, Rahman (1988), while agreeing that much of ConLemporary knowledge reflects a Western ethos, contended strongly that one cannot devise a methodology or detail a strategy for achieving Islamic knowledge. Keywords: american; concepts; human; ibid; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; methodology; methods; modem; muslim; principles; revelation; scholars; science; social
• Western Scholarship and the Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World by Karbal, Mohamed (1993.0) - An entire chap- ter, “Neo-Islamic Totalitarianism,” focuses on Islamic movements, which he considers one of several backward-looking manifestations of the social and psychological frustrations facing modernization in the Middle East. Members of Islamic movements have always rejected the ideas that a movement leader should have absolute authotity or be worshipped Rather, a leader is subject to criticism if he does not take the advice and suggestion of his followers. Keywords: approach; islamic; issue; movements; muslim; oil; resurgence; scholars; social; society; study; world
• Islamic Aspects of the Legacy of Malcolm X by Rashid, Samory (1993.0) - In conclusion, the Islamic aspects of Malcolm X’s legacy provide a compelling though long-ignored perspective on his life. Islamic Aspects of the Legacy of Malcolm X Samory Rashid Spike Lee's 1992 film, ''Malcolm X, is the most recent evidence of the increased popularity of Malcolm X (El Ha j Malik El Shabazz). Keywords: american; black; islam; islamic; legacy; life; malcolm; malcolm x; muslim; nation; new; york
• Toward an Islamic Ethics of International Relations: A Research Agenda by Hashmi, Sohail H. (1993.0) - Thus an exploration of Muslim conceptions of the legitimate or just inter- national order must be the first part of any study of Islamic ethics in international relations. Research Notes Toward an Islamic Ethics of International Relations: A Research Agenda This study is an examination of the tole of ethical imperatives and const&ts in the realm of international relations from the perspective of classical and modern Islamic theory. Keywords: ethics; islamic; muslim; nation; relations; state; theory; war; world
• Trends in Islamic Studies in the United States and Canada since the 1970s by Hermansen, Marcia K. (1993.0) - This, together with the recent concern of the American Academy of Religion over revitalizing and supporting its Islamicist con- tingent, are indications of a coming of age of Islamic studies within the field of religious studies. Most Islamic studies positions are found within departments of religious studies and in area studies centers, al- though within the latter they are not generally taught by scholars whose training had a major emphasis on studies of the Islamic religion. Keywords: american; approaches; articles; cambridge; example; field; history; islamic; journal; muslim; new; number; oxford; press; qur’an; religion; scholars; scholarship; social; studies; study; suny; thought; tradition; understanding; university; university press; york
• Der Islam als Alternative: By Murad Hoffmann. Munich: Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1992, 214 pp. by Grimm, Fatima (1993.0) - When writing about the much-disputed veil for Muslim women, he lets European women who regard this way as dressing as binding, speak These women are unanimous in their opinion that Western women have become sex objects due to the progressive trend of denudation and exposure to the unceasing pressure to dress more and more at- tractively. (p. 101) Women in Society: The author admits that there is no smoke without fire and that, despite the fact that Muslim women were granted rights fourteen centuries ago-rights which, incidentally, women in other parts of the world were still fighting for at the turn of the twentieth century-theory is widely at variance with practice when it comes to Muslim male-female relationships. Keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; women
• The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? By John L Esposito. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, ix + 243 pp. by Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza (1993.0) - Islam as a world civili- zation has been reduced to Islamic fundamentalism, and even then the West has preferred to cling to political slogans rather than grapple with complex sociopolitical pmesses in undetstanding the theoretical and political chal- lenge of Islamic movements. He places the attitude of Islamic movements towards the West in the context of the Muslim experience Book Reviews 123 with sociopolitical change and Western attitudes towards Islam. Keywords: islam; islamic; movements; muslim; west
• Localizing Islam in the West: Mazrui’s Journey from the Study of African Politics to Global Cultures by Salem, Ahmed Ali (2016.0) - Ali A. Mazrui, “African Islam and Islam in Africa: Between Exceptionalism and Marginality,” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26, no. 3 (sum- mer 2009): iii-iv. 22. Ali A. Mazrui, African Islam and Islam in Africa, ii-iii. 54. Keywords: a. mazrui; africa; ali; ali a.; american; islam; islamic; journal; mazrui; muslim; politics; sciences; social; studies; university; west; world
• Muslim Development at Risk: The Crisis of Human Resources by Haniff, Ghulam M. (1992.0) - Given the above, it is not hard to imagine the plight of Muslim human resources. Regardless of the definitions chosen, the conceptual frameworks adopted, or the analytical schemes utilized, many social analysts would agree that, even after decades of struggle for national development and modernization, the state of underdevelopment in Muslim countries has not changed significantly.' Keywords: countries; data; development; education; human; modernization; muslim; nations; new; people; percent; resources; social; world; york
• Muslims in the Canadian Mosaic by Yousif, Ahmad F. (1992.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:4 maintenance of Islamic identity within non-Islamic societies, this study represents a pioneer effort in the field and will contribute to providing a greater understanding of the Muslim community within Canada's multi- cultural mosaic. In light of these values, which are an essential part of Islamic identity, the following question arises: Do Muslims choose to be acculturated and as- similated, or do they prefer to maintain their traditions and customs as much as possible? Keywords: canada; cncr; community; group; identity; islamic; muslim; ottawa; religion; social; society
• The State of Research on Islamic Spain by Ahsani, S. A.H. (1992.0) - In fact, Islamic Spain, known to the Muslim world as a1 Andalus, served as a bridge for the transfer of the knowledge and wisdom of Classical Greece to Europe, a process that eventually led to the European Renaissance. The achievements of a1 Andalus will not be discussed in this paper. Keywords: andalus; history; islamic; muslim; scholars; spain; studies; university
• The Concept of Islamic Tradition in Fazlur Rahman’s Thought by Ozdemir, Ibrahim (1992.0) - Before going into the details of how this tradition has developed over the course of Islamic history, we will scrutinize Rahman’s main argument with regad to its emergence in order to grasp his main objective concerning Islamic tradition. The growth and flowering of Islamic tradition was, therefore, stifled at its very mots and almost at the very moment when it began to blossom.26 Thus, according to Rahman, if we take into consideration the intellectual history of Islam, some of the important political, theological, and m o d doctrines which originated in the “living Sunnah,” as a result of the Islamic tradition acting on the Qur‘an and the prophetic Sunnah, were transformed through “the medium of the Hadith into immutable articles of Faith. Keywords: concept; doctrine; islamic; methodology; modernity; muslim; qur’an; rahman; social; sunnah; time; tradition; understanding
• Islam, Modern Scientific Discourse, and Cultural Modernity: The Politics of Islamization of Knowledge as a Claim to Dewesternization by Basha, Ahmad Fouad (1992.0) - In addi- tion, Islam recognizes the roles of the senses and the mind which, when combined, enable individuals to acquire objective knowledge of nature or society. A comparison is made with the so-called European project of cultural modernity, a project based on the purely secular concept of knowledge. Keywords: islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; sciences
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1992.0) - Marie Parker-Jenkins, who did her doctoral dissertation on ”The Shifting Status of Teachers in the UK with Reference to the European Court of Hu- man Rights,” has add& the issues of making adequate provisions for Muslim children in British public schools as well as establishing separate publicly funded schools. She has provided us with a thoroughly documented examination of the educational needs of Muslim children now living in Bri- tain. Keywords: bennabi; faith; muslim; paper; sciences
• Islamic Acquisition of the Foreign Sciences: A Cultural Perspective by Berggren, J. L. (1992.0) - What would have been the effect on Islamic science if scholars like &mayn, m, Mii ShZ All&, or Thait had been excluded from intellectual participation in the Islamic community? Suspect Sciences Associated with the Foreign Sciences The other qualification to the advantage enjoyed by mathematics from its association with astronomy was that, even if such sciences wee of some use, they kept such bad company. Keywords: arithmetic; c.e; century; civilization; foreign; greek; ibn; islamic; knowledge; mathematics; muslim; reckoning; sciences; study; use
• Malik Bennabi and the Intellectual Problems of the Muslim Ummah by Bariun, Fawzia (1992.0) - Moreover, stated Bennabi, this concern was itself borrowed from the E m - pean system and therefore did not focus on the real problem of the individual Muslim.@ On the intellectual and psychological level, post a1 Muwabbidii society accepted the fact that “Islam is a complete religion.“ .Studying history, Bennabi agteed, does not lead only to thearetical conclusions, but also to applicable ideas. Keywords: bennabi; civilization; history; ideas; individual; intellectual; islamic; malik; muslim; realm; social; society
• Muslim Matters: An Examination of the Educational Needs of Muslim Children in Contemporary Britain by Parker-Jenkins, Marie (1992.0) - The thorny issue of granting voluntary-aided status to Muslim schools is that, unlike previous denominations, this new group is a predominantly visible minority. During the last decade, there has been an in- creasing number of calls for the establishment of separate Muslim schools along the lines of the voluntary-aided status presently afforded to other reli- gious institutions (Halstead 1986). Keywords: act; britain; british; children; curriculum; education; history; islamic; london; minority; muslim; national; needs; parents; pupils; report; schools; state; teaching
• Secular Education and the Political Socialization of Muslim Children by Rashid, Hakim M. (1992.0) - Much of the literatw deal- ing with political socialization therefore focuses on the institutions and mech- anisms through which children are politically socialized over time. Within the Muslim world, the study of political socialization is critical to acquiring an understanding of how Muslim children learn about the multi- dimensional nature of the political world. Keywords: children; education; islamic; muslim; nation; secular; socialization; system; world
• Keynote Address to the International Seminar on Malik Bennabi by Ibrahim, Anwar (1992.0) - It is due to the melancholic intellect of the post a1 Muwahbdin man that the Muslim ummah continues to languish in the miserable paucity of guiding ideas. They pmvide a fresh stimulus to the gmwth of new ideas in the Muslim world. Keywords: bennabi; ideas; independence; muslim; world
• Third International Conference on Islamic Economics: Putra World Trade Center Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rajah 23-25, 1412/January 28-30, 1992 by Anwar, Muhammad (1992.0) - Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 427 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Third International Conference on Islamic Economics Putra World Trade Center Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rajah 23-25, 1412/January 28-30, 1992 The Third International Conference on Islamic Economics was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, during 23-25 Rajah 1412/28-30 January 1992 under the auspices of Malaysia's International Islamic University (IIU) and in colla­ boration with the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and the International As­ sociation of Islamic Economics (IAIE). Anas Zarqa, Centre for Research in Islamic Economics (CRIE), King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, discussed Shari'ah Compatible Shares: A Suggested Formula and Rationale. Keywords: countries; development; economics; financing; islamic; muslim; paper; university
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1992.0) - It is his contention that mutual religious and ethnic sensibilities demand a better appreciation and a more humane understanding of the developments in the Muslim regions for several reasons: we are living in an interdependent world, Muslim regions are very close to the West, and Islam is emerging as the second major religion in a multiethnic North America and Europe. He discusses how Islam is the basis of Muslim identity and how the present debate is mainly one of seeking a synthesis within a number of young political (national and ethnic) and old sociocultural identities. Keywords: approach; islamic; issue; muslim
• The Problem of Empiricism in Comparative Political Research by Muslims: A Research Agenda by Wright, Theodore P. (1992.0) - What I am proposing to Muslim comparativists is that they examine the Muslim world, both past and present, and then describe as objectively as possible those actual characteristics, if any, which distinguish Muslim “political culture” from the non-Muslim world, diir a1 Isliim from diir a1 kufi, not just to denounce Muslim practice for its departures from Islamic values but to accurately understand and predict what the practice is and will be in order to move it towards the Islamic ideal. The Islamic critique of the dominant Euro-American paradigm in the study of politics has so far focused on the subfields of political philosophy, as in the articles of Abul-Fadl: of public administration,2 and of international relation^.^ Little attention has been paid by Muslim social scientists to compamtive politics, by which is meant the investigation of the internal political institutions and processes of countries. Keywords: american; islamic; journal; muslim; new; politics; science; social; university; values; wright; york
• Islam, the West, and Ethnonationalism: A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Central and South Asia by Malik, Iftikhar (1992.0) - When reporting on the Algerian elections or events in Muslim Central Asia, Caucasia, or theBalkans, sensationalized headlines concerning Muslim fundamentalists appear with great about the rising tide of Islamists. Muslims in the Indian subcontinent tried to meet the new challenges through revitalizing efforts (i.e., the Shah Wali Allah movement), since Iran, Arabia, Turkey, and 60 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:l North Africa were all faced with equally chaotic situation^.'^ Russia’s gradual yet persistent conquest of Muslim Central Asia and Caucasia led to an equally bleak isolation for the region, although Muslims on both sides maintained an idealistic affection for each other. Keywords: afghanistan; asia; central; central asia; forces; identity; india; islam; islamic; june; moscow; muslim; new; pakistan; region; south; soviet; state; time; world
• From Greed to Justice: American Policy in the Middle East: Reflections from a Muslim Perspective by Abul-Fadl, Mona (1992.0) - Reflections from a Muslim Perspective1 MOUI Abul-Fad1 I would like to seize the opportunity of the theme of this conference to highlight some of the flaws which taint and constrain American foreign policy in the Middle East and, more generally, in the Muslim world. Abul-Fadl: From Greed to Justice 87 Before exploring these perceptions as they affect the design and implementation of American foreign policy, let me begin by summarizing the gist of my presentation. Keywords: abul; american; attitudes; east; foreign; greed; gulf; human; interests; islam; islamic; justice; middle; middle east; muslim; new; new york; order; policy; politics; power; press; public; region; self; states; world; york
• The 20th Annual Conference of the AMSS: Dearborn, Michigan Rabi' al Akhir 17-19, 1412 / October 25-27, 1991 by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz (1992.0) - Anwar H. Siddiqui, Vice President, Interna- tional Islamic University (nu), Islamabad; M. Akhtar Saeed Siddiqui, Univer- sity of Karachi, Karachi; Khalid Ikramullah Khan, Assistant Secretary General, World Muslim Congress, Karachi; Jamila Suddal, Peshawar University, Peshawar; Ghulam Zainab Bano, Frontier College for Women, Peshawar; Mohammad Amin, Aqam Foundation, Karachi; and Jamila Shaukat, Univer- sity of Punjab, Lahore. The seventh session was composed of three concurrent panels: 1) “The Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 129 Muslim Community: Sociological Perspectives,” chaired by Ilyas Ba-Yunus, SUNY-Cortland, CortIand,,W, 2) “Economics and Human Resources,” chaired by Anwar H. Siddiqui, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan; and 3) “Public Education System and Images of Islam,” moderated by M. Akhtar S. Siddiqui, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan. Keywords: college; education; islamic; muslim; pakistan; panel; state; university
• International Conference of Muslim Social Scientists: Madinat al Hikmah, Hamdard Centre Karachi, Pakistan Jumada al Akhirah 28-Rajab 3, 1412/January 3-7, 1992 by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1992.0) - Hakim Mohammad Said, Chancellor, Hamdard University and President, Hamdard Foundation Pakistan, presented the closing address. A.khirah 28-Rajab 3, 1412/January 3-7, 1992 Without much fanfare, the Association of Muslim Social Scientists­ Harndard University conference began on 3 January 1992 at Madinat al Hikmah, a city established by the Harndard fuundation exclusively for education, science, and culture. Keywords: amss; conference; muslim; pakistan; session; university
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1991.0) - In this issue of AJZSS, Ghulam-Haider Aasi sketches the relatively unknown contribution of Muslim scholars to the history of religions and their role as the true founders of this discipline. The history of humanity for Muslim scholars was the history of ideas and values, for they saw religion as the core and basis of all human culture and civilization and all other branches of knowledge as being directly related to and dependent upon the science of religion. Keywords: american; history; islamic; muslim; social
• The Quran and the Sunnah on the Civilization Value of Cleanliness by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. (1991.0) - Five of the six major hadith collections narrate that ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar said: “I heard the Prophet, when he asked about water in open places from which wild animals have drunk, say: ‘If the water measures two qulluh (big size water-skins), it is not filthy.”’ In the above verses, the Qur’an speaks of cleanliness (&&irah) in a physical sense and also informs us that the rain water which Allah causes to fall from the sky is clean and meant for drinking and cleaning. Keywords: allah; cleanliness; muslim; people; prophet
• Muslim Contributions to the History of Religions by Aasi, Ghulam-Haider (1991.0) - It is maintained that the Greeks’ contribution to the study of religion showed their openness of mind and their curiosity about other religions and cultures. Its approach to religious phenomena was based on a cultic approach, because it had an intolerant and exclusive attitude towards other religions. Keywords: contribution; hazm; history; ibn; islam; islamic; muslim; religions; scholars; studies; study; works
• Islam and World History: Towards a New Periodization by Blankinship, Khalid (1991.0) - The early efforts aimed at reforming the ancient-medieval-modem scheme were followed in the period after the Second World War by the foundation of various area studies programs in American universities as well as by the addition of professors and courses specializing in non-Western history. This same Eurocentricview is equally pervasive in such allied fields as art history, where the same paradigm is in use.5 If any modification at all is made in the scheme, it is usually only to lump medieval together with ancient history, thereby creating a binary before-and-after scheme which highlights the distinctive superiority of modem Western civilization against all else.b This is even true of self-critical Marxist- based histories, for these too inflate Western hubris by showing how much greater - and therefore more relevant - are the problems of modern Western societies. Keywords: ancient; civilization; east; empire; europe; greek; history; islam; islamic; medieval; modem; modern; muslim; near; new; pages; period; press; roman; scheme; university; vol; western; world; world history
• The Future of Da’wah in North America by Poston, Larry (1991.0) - MusB Qumb of the Islamic Information Center of America is fond of quoting an ancient tradition that in the latter days Islam will spread from the West to the East, and he intends to make his center a training institution to prepare workers for this task.20 Sulayman Nyang concurs with this idea when he surmises that ‘American Muslims could one day be one of World Islam’s major pillars of support” and that “U.S. Muslim centres . . Capable, creative, and brilliant leadership is essential here, but this is an area in which by its own admission American Islam suffers a vital lack. Keywords: america; christian; future; islamic; muslim; needleman; new; north; religion; social; society; world
• The International Seminar on Malik Bennabi: Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Safar 22-25, 1412/September 1-4, 1991 by Bariun, Fawzia (1991.0) - The paper concluded that Bennabi, who developed some of Iqbal‘s economic ideas into a theoretical framework, was the first to use the terminology “North” and “South” to explain the prevailing international economic disparity. The second paper, entitled “The Implications of Malik Bennabi’s Views on Contemporary Muslim Society,” was presented by Abdul Rahman Doi, deputy dean of academic affairs at the International Islamic University of Malaysia, as its author, Dr. Ammar Talbi, an Algerian intellectual who had worked with Bennabi, was unable to attend. Keywords: bennabi; civilization; intellectual; islamic; muslim; paper
• Hassan al-Turabi’s Religious Discourse on Faith, Renewal, and Ijtihād by Hassan, Gubara Said; Buaben, Jabal M. (2015.0) - After al-Turabi and his brother-in-law al-Sadiq al-Mahdi were released from the notorious Cober prison, he was able to claim that he also had suffered greatly under Numeiri’s dictatorship. The young al-Turabi also inherited other specific qualities: a passion for law, a love of travel, and an intimate knowledge of Islam, the Qur’an and Sun- nah, and Arabic language and literature in particular. Keywords: discourse; faith; god; hassan; hassan al; human; ijtihād; islamic; life; movement; muslim; renewal; social; state; sudan; turabi
• Squaring the Circle in the Study of the Middle East: Islamic Liberalism Reconsidered by Abul-Fadl, Mona (1991.0) - While the thrust of such scholarship is to rationalize certain trends and developments in contemporary Muslim society and frequently to deploy this rationalization to reinforce the status quo in the regional politics of the day, it does so by attempting to reappropriate Islamic history and the Muslim community's key symbols and categories in terms of Western experience and rationality. Like the discoveries resulting from some moments in Binder’s deconstruction of the modem Muslim mind, the reader is in for some surprises in this reappropriation of Islamic history in terms of its liberal prospects. Keywords: abul; american; binder; culture; discourse; east; history; islamic; liberalism; middle; middle east; muslim; new; politics; region; sciences; social; state; text; thought; tradition; truth; western; world
• An Islamic Conception of Change by Shikaki, Khalil (1991.0) - For example, can they institute the hudiid (Islamic punishments) when the state replaces Islamic laws with British or French ones? One might not need to go back to early Muslim thought, or even to Ibn Taymiyah, but modem writings (i.e., those of al Afghm-, Abduh, al Banni, Mawdiidi, Qufub, a1 Hudaybi, and the leaders of Islamic groups and movements, such as Faraj , Sirrya, MuSpfii, Ghaniishi, and Madani, and Muslim activists and scholars such as Jawdat Sa‘id Muhammad, Khiilid M. Khiilid, Siilim a1 Bahnasiiwi, Keywords: change; debate; islamic; muslim; nonviolence; use
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1991.0) - The lack of theory to guide empirical investigation in areas like incorporating Islamic beliefs in a stress inoculation program €or Muslims has inhibited the systematic development of an applied research agenda. The author then discusses the Islamic concept of millah promulgated by the Qur‘an and institutionalized by the Shari’ah, a concept which was successful throughout Islamic history in en- suring a harmonious communal coexistence. Keywords: ijtihad; islam; muslim; sciences; social; society
• The Qur’an and the Sunnah on Violence, Armed Struggle, and the Political Process by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1991.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, 1991 Guiding Light Translation The Qur’an and the Sunnah on Violence, Armed Struggle, and the Political Process Comments by 2bdulHamid A. AbuSulaym& In the name of Allah, Most Gmcious, Most Merciful. To those against whom War is made, permission is given (to fight), because They are wronged-and verily, Allah is Most Powerful For their aid- (They are) those who have Been expelled from their homes In defiance of right- (For no cause) except That they say, “Our Lord Is Allah.“ Keywords: allah; cause; fight; islamic; muslim; people; prophet; qur’an; social
• The Theoretical Foundations of Incorporating Islamic Beliefs in a Stress Inoculation Program for Muslims by Abdel-Kawi, Ola (1991.0) - Hence, the purpose of this paper is to: a) develop the theoretical foundations of the interreIationship between stress cognition and Islamic beliefs; b) present a stress cognition paradigm that explains the moderation function of certain Islamic beliefs; and c) incorporate certain Islamic beliefs in the app€ication of the cognitive techniques of stress management. Muslim scholars have not attempted to define the major stressors these Muslims experience, nor have they furnished Muslims with an inocuIation program that integrates Islamic beliefs with cognitive techniques in order to change stress quality and quantity. Keywords: belief; individual; islamic; life; muslim; personality; self; social; stress; system
• Comparative Study of Muslim Minorities: A Preliminary Framework by Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1991.0) - Data concerning the economic conditions prevailing in Indian Muslim communities (i.e., class structure based on economic roles and distribution of wealth), evidence of communally-based economic mobilization and comparative data on the non-Muslim sectors of the Indian population (particularly on class structure and per capita incomes), and the overall occupational profile of Indian Muslim communities and patterns of occupational preference. The persistence of an Islamic identity among India’s teeming Muslim population has provided the main parameter which defines Indian Muslim ethnicity. Keywords: communities; indian; islamic; minorities; model; muslim; non; social; world
• Islam and Multiculturalism in Europe: An Exposition of a Dialectical Encounter by Davids, Nuraan (2015.0) - Thus inasmuch as the majority groups of liberal democracies need to engage in dialogue with such minority groups as Muslim women, minority groups need to be willing to engage with their host societies. The prevalence of Muslim minority groups in Europe has witnessed two significant shifts in the multiculturalism debates: moving the focus from ethnic to religious minorities, regardless of whether they are immigrants or indige- nous Europeans,21 and where this concept should be located in the citizen- ship-civic virtue debate. Keywords: ajiss32; democracies; europe; groups; ibid; identity; islam; majority; minority; multiculturalism; muslim; women
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1991.0) - This is followed by an examination of the origins of evolutionary thinking in the West, how its eventual acceptance and spread throughout the West ultimately displaced Christian beliefs and institutions on a massive scale, and how the resulting secular civiIization produced by it is threatening to sweep aside and destroy traditional Islamic civilization. Zaidi Sattar shows that the literature on Islamic economics has yet to come up with a sufficient amount of research on behavioral relations govern- ing investment in physical capital. Keywords: islamic; muslim; paper; qur’an; social
• Western Evolutionism in the Muslim World by Danner, Victor (1991.0) - The second eighteenth-century event that was instrumental in turning the Wst into a de-Christiankd, secularist world was the Industrial Revolution of England. The emerging secularist, humanistic world was everywhere taken as the norm. Keywords: century; christian; civilization; evolutionism; fundamentalists; islam; islamic; modem; muslim; secularist; social; west; world
• Assimilation in American Life: An Islamic Perspective by Hashem, Mazen (1991.0) - The goal of Islamic assimilation in this regard is to acquire an American ethnic identity, a feeling that the Muslim group has made it, that it successfully kept its Islamicity and maintained its values in a country of value disarray, and that it achieved growth through haliil ways. In respect to cultural assimilation, the paper advocates an interactive process of assimilation on the level of extrinsic cultural traits. Keywords: american; assimilation; behavior; cultural; host; identity; islamic; minority; muslim; social; society
• Gender Anthropology in the Middle East: The Politics of Muslim Women’s Misrepresentation by Arebi, Saddeka (1991.0) - The view of Islam as a purgatory for women underlies most works written on Muslim women. The Western view of Muslim women is usually cast in terms of an implicit contrast to Christian Europe, a continent in which some see pre-industrial England as a particular paradise for women (ibid., 27). Keywords: east; family; gender; islam; middle; muslim; press; social; society; university; women
• Taqlid and Ijtihad by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1991.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 1, 1991 129 Refections Taqlid and Ijtihad The Polemics of Ijtihad From the second hijri century until the present day, the reality, the essence, the rules, the conditions, the premises, the means, and the scope of ijtihad have remained a source of debate engaging some of the Islamic world's greatest theologians, scholars of al wiil, and&&: This debate has also been enriched by proponents of the view that the door of ijtihad was closed and that the fiqh left by the Four Imams obviated the need for any further ijtihad, as well as by those who claimed that this door was still open and that the existing fiqh was not sufficient to guide the contemporary Muslim world. One fundamental part of this return would have to be the use of ijtihad, for how else could Muslims incorporate Islamic principles into situations with which they had never had to deal? Keywords: ijtihad; islamic; knowledge; methodology; muslim; scholars; social; studies; taqlid; thought; ummah
• An Early Crescent: The Future of Knowledge and the Environment in Islam by Winkel, Eric A. (1991.0) - Nasr ends with a balanced perspective which may provide a good foundation for a genuine strategy toward modern Western science. Kirmani thus sees that modern Western science is not simply a content-neutral object, but is in fact the purveyor of a paradigm opposed to Islam. Keywords: environment; islamic; knowledge; muslim; science; west; world
• Social Sciences and Social Change: An Islamic Perspective The 19th Annual Conference of the AMSS Dearborn, Michigan Rabi 'al Akhir 6-8, 1411/October 26-28, 1990 by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1991.0) - The conference highlights included a keynote address by Ali Mazrui, Albert Schweitzer Professor in the Humanities, State University of New York at Binghamton, and addresses by )\bdull:lamid AbiiSulayman, past president of AMSS and current rector of the Islamic University of Malaysia, and Munir Ahmad Khan, director of the Pakstan Atomic Energy Commission. In the first panel, Ahmed M. Abo-Hebeish of Northrop Corporation discussed the framework of debtor-creditor relations as the foundation of financial accounting in Islam, and Mohamed A. El-Badawi of California State University addressed the issue of computing zakatable funds. Keywords: american; change; islamic; muslim; new; panel; sciences; session; social; university
• The Middle East Studies Association of North America: San Antonio, Texas Rabi' al Akhir 21-24, 1411 November 10-13, 1990 by Abu-Rabi‘, Ibrahim M. (1991.0) - Mahmood brahim of California State Polytechnic University spoke on iqti 'and the periodization of Islamic history, and Peter von Sivers of the University of Utah discussed the organization of agricultural labor in medieval Islamic society. The MESA conference also featured a number of talk on Islamic history, the political economy of the Muslim world, the current situation of Islamic activism and resurgence, and the Islamization of knowledge. Keywords: islamic; middle; muslim; number; social; university
• Political Science in the Legacy of Classical Islamic Literature by al Alwani, Taha J. (1990.0) - Second, this intellectual void forced the imposition by default of Western political perspective and experience as authoritative sources in the field of Islamic political science. Indeed, the models of application from Islamic history, the variety of experience in terms of how closely, or otherwise, these models approximated the stated Islamic ideal, the different positions adopted by the traditional scholars vis- a-vis such models, all of these factors give credence to the statement that Islamic culture and learning are bereft of a science of Islamic political thought. Keywords: islamic; muslim; religion; science; ummah
• Contrasting Epistemics: Tawhid, the Vocationst and Social Theory by Abul-Fadl, Mona (1990.0) - As social theory is ultimately shaped in this kind of discourse, the link between episteme and society is evident. To understand the promise, as well as the challenges, of a strategy deploying a Contrasting Episteme and, to be able to grasp its implications for social theory, two questions should be asked. Keywords: context; contrasting; culture; episteme; human; inquiry; islamic; knowledge; median; mode; muslim; order; sciences; social; social sciences; system; terms; theory; way; world
• Political Science in the Legacy of Classical Islamic Literature by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1990.0) - Second, this intellectual void forced the imposition by default of Western political perspective and experience as authoritative sources in the field of Islamic political science. Indeed, the models of application from Islamic history, the variety of experience in terms of how closely, or otherwise, these models approximated the stated Islamic ideal, the different positions adopted by the traditional scholars vis- a-vis such models, all of these factors give credence to the statement that Islamic culture and learning are bereft of a science of Islamic political thought. Keywords: islamic; muslim; religion; science; ummah
• Striving for Islamic governance: Varying Contexts, Different Strategies by Moten, Abdul Rashid (2015.0) - However, Muslim scholars continued to debate the nature and character- istics of Islamic government. Graduates of Islamic schools are now accepted into secular universities on equal terms with their peers from secular high schools. Keywords: ajiss32; country; education; governance; government; islamic; islamization; mahathir; malaysia; muslim; new; page; pakistan; policies; public; schools; shari‘ah; social; state; turkey; university
• Editorial by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1989.0) - The study of nature tlnd human factors in Muslim history underlines the role dhuman inteiligenee and action which is q u i d by the @rib and the Sunnah for success in this life and the lwma€kz. &man admated a mom empmkmive edvemge of the sowces of Muslim history, bath written and oaJ in diverse lanpqps ofthe Mudim world. The Muslim educators themselves are Westernized, teaching materials are not suited for Islamic education, and the Islamic studies conducted in the West are superficial. Keywords: history; islamic; muslim; social
• Moderation in Greek and Islamic Traditions, and a Virtue Ethics of the Qur’an by Adeel, M. Ashraf (2015.0) - The Recent Revival of Virtue Ethics in the West There are currently three major approaches in ethical philosophy: Kantian- ism, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. These two dominant approaches have recently been challenged by the re- vival of an historical tradition of ethics known as virtue ethics, which can be traced back to Homer, Plato, and Aristotle. Keywords: action; community; contemporary; ethics; hasan_ajiss; human; islamic; moderation; muslim; order; page; qur’an; social; soul; temperance; virtue; virtue ethics
• Islam and Society in Southeast Asia: Edited by Taufik Abdullah and Sharon Siddique, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1987. by Ahmed, Akbar S. (1989.0) - This book is an attempt to contribute to that movement by offering a defmi- tion of Islamic anthropology” (p. ix). There is useful material in this book and some harsh commentary on the present teachugs of Islamic studies: “Teachmg materials are of poor quality and textbooks are outdated” (“Dimensions of Islamic Education” by Kamal Hassan, p. 47). Keywords: anthropology; book; davies; index; muslim; social
• Moderation and al-Ghazali in Turkey: Responses to Skepticism, Modernity, and Pluralism by Wilkinson, Taraneh (2015.0) - Drawing on al-Ghazali’s Mishkāt, Al-Munqidh, and his theological work Al-Iqtiṣād fi al-I‘tiqād, Bayrakdar argues that for al-Ghazali faith (īmān) is not merely the work of the heart but also of the mind,28 and that his interpretation of Pascal’s wager reflects his interpretation of al-Ghazali’s interpretation.29 34 However, he con- cludes this section with an argument for al-Ghazali’s influence on Pascal not only on the matter of Pascal’s wager, but more generally as well.16 To do this, Bayrakdar meticulously lists the transmission history of al-Ghazali’s works into Europe as well as the main figures of medieval European intellectual his- tory known to have been affected by these translated works.17 By doing so he attempts to close the gaps between al-Ghazali’s influence on medieval Euro- pean debates and those to which Pascal responded. Keywords: aslan; bayrakdar; ghazali; hasan_ajiss; islamic; moderation; muslim; pascal; pluralism; theology; turkey; turkish; wager
• Royall Tyler’s Thee Algerine Captive and the Barbary Orient” by al Disuqi, Rasha (1989-12-01) - None Keywords: american; islamic; muslim
• Paradigms in Political Science Revisited: Critical Options and Muslim Perspectives by Abul-Fadl, Mona (1989.0) - Wyn Davies, Islamic Science: Current Thinking and Future Directions in Ziauddin Sarclar. that coming from a history and philosophy of science perspective. Keywords: debate; islamic; knowledge; muslim; paradigm; perspective; science; social
• Islamization of Anthropological Knowledge by Momin, A. R. (1989.0) - I deals with the corpus of Western anthropology; Part D is concerned with the aim and scope of Islamic anthropology. There is hardly any serious attempt to bring the discussion on Western anthropology contained in J>-art I to bear on the aim and scope of Islamic anthropology. Keywords: ahmed; anthropology; islamic; knowledge; muslim; sciences; social; view; world
• Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity: by William Montgomery J#itr; London and New York: Routledge, 1988, 158 pp., cloth. by Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M. (1989.0) - Watt's emphasis on the conflict between Islam and modernity is highlighted by his fuilure to grasp the true nature of Islamic epistemology and its successive transfonnation through the system of the Shari'ah. Furthermore, he contends that apart from the particular dangers inherent in the idealiz.ation of early Islam, there is a general danger, namely, that the community becomes so obsessed with recreating something past that it fails to see and deal with the real challenges and problems of the present (p. 22). Keywords: islamic; muslim; watt; world
• North African Conferences on Islamic Themes: Zaghwan, Tunisia Sha'ban 7-11. 1409,March 15-19. 1989 Rabat, Morocco Shawwal 25-27. 1409/May 31-June 2, 1989 by Irving, T. B. (1989.0) - For this participant in the meeting, the chief feature was the opportunity to meet a panel of experts from several Muslim and non-Muslim countries, who discussed the implications of this vulgar publication. From both these conferences, it seems that Islam and its history, especially on these controversial issues, is not well known by either Muslims themselves or by the non-Muslim public. Keywords: islamic; morisco; muslim; spain
• Third Conference of Council of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists (COMLIS III): Istanbul, Turkey Shawwal/21-23, 1409/May 24-26, 1989 by Khalidi, Omar (1989.0) - I, 1989 185 Conferences/Seminars Third Conference of Council of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists (COMLIS III) Istanbul, Turkey Shaw .. ·ol/21-23. 1409fMay 24-26. 1989 Istanbul, the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate, was the site of the third meeting of The CounciJ of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists at Ataturk Cultural Center in the heart of the city. Keywords: librarians; muslim
• Family and Law in Islam: Istanbul, Turkey Shawwal/16-18. 1409/May 17-21 , 1989 by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1989.0) - UphoJding Shari'ah as the basis of Muslim family law, Mushirul Haq of Kashmir University pointed out that major difficulties arise when various schools of Muslim jurisprudence do not agree on one interpretation of the Shari'ah. Unlike other conferences, only major assumptions and conclusions were presented by the authors to set the stage for discussion. Keywords: family; muslim; university
• EDITORIAL by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1988.0) - In the second, he raises an interesting question concerning whether the role of 'Ulama was based on Islamic issues or was shaped by its response to British power. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 5, No. 2, 1988 V EDITORIAL This issue is unprecedented in a variety of ways. Keywords: islamic; journal; muslim
• The ‘Ulama and the Religio-Political Developments in Modern India by Malik, Rizwan (1988.0) - It did not reveal an immediate apprehension of an uprising led by such ’ulama in British India itself. ' Islamic penal principles and procedures were not completely abolished in British India until the coming into force of the Indian penal Code of Criminal procedure in 1862, and Islamic rules ofevidence were not entirely abolished until the Evidence Act of 1872. Keywords: ahmad; aziz; british; india; islamic; muslim; ulama
• Royall Tyler’s The Algerine Captive and the Barbary Orient: An Example of America’s Early Literary Awareness of the Muslim Near East by Obeidat, Marwan M. (1988.0) - *For further information on American travelers to the region see my article Lured by the Exotic Levant: the Muslim East to the American Traveler of the Nineteenth Century, which was included in the second issue of the Islamic Quarterly of 1987. Toward the end of the eighteenth century, literary magazines provided American readers with such exotic Oriental material as Bathmendi(l787), Myma and Ossmin(1788), and Omar and Fatima (1807).6 Benjamin Franklin wrote such shorter works as A Narrative of the Late Massacres ... (1764), An Arabian Tale (1779), and On the Slave Trade (1790). Keywords: american; barbary; east; islam; literature; muslim; orient; underhill; university
• The Intellectual Role of Islamizing Librarianship by Siddiqui, Rashid (1988.0) - Disciplines like Islamic economics, Islamic anthropology, Islamic science and Islamic features will not be looked at with favor by Western academics and by the editors of Western journals. Conferences of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists held in 1982 and 1986 highlighted some of the factors causing the lack of bibliographical control of Islamic material by Muslim countries and recommended setting up of a World Islamic Bibliographic Centre. Keywords: classification; islamic; library; muslim
• Toward Islamic Anthropology: by Akbar S. Ahmed, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon , Virginia, 1986, pp. 79. by Young, William C. (1988.0) - Scholars concerned w to provide new, more obje Ahmed suggests that field workers co “tribes,” but on a larger unit of political At this level the local representatives of Islamic institutions and educational systems can be bette also presents a list of projects which he feels anthropology for Muslims and would Muslim societies by anthropologists. m. In his short book, Tavard LFIamic Anduopdog, Alrbar Ahmed addresses two scholarly communities: anthropologists, whose train@ is based, as he says, on the study of classic sociologid \IvoTfiF by Wstern Europeans, and educated Muslim readers whose view of society is based on their study of the @fan and classic mrks in Wamic jurisp?pdenoe and philosophy. Keywords: ahmed; muslim
• Regional Seminar And Workshop On The International Islamic Calendar: Shawwal 21-24, 1408/June 7-10, 1988 by Ilyas, Mohammad (1988.0) - From Shawwd21-24, 1408/June 7-10, 1988, the Universiti Sains Malaysia hosted a Regional Seminar and Workshop on the International Islamic Calendar attended by 100 Muslim scientists, religious scholars ( UZumii’), community leaders and government officials concerned with Islamic Affairs from 25 different countries and international Islamic organizations. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 5, No. 2, 1988 Requests international Islamic organizations to contribute towards the funding of the International Islamic Calendar Project, further support the revival and development of Islamic astronomy, and related sciences and provide facilities and funding for the training of appropriate personnel. Keywords: calendar; international; islamic; muslim; seminar
• Third International Islamic Geographical Conference Kuala Lumpur: Muharram 16-21, 1409/ August 28-September 2, 1988 by Din, Abdul Kadir Haji (1988.0) - Using time series data on pilgrim flow, and per capita income, Abdul Rahim and Muhammad Fuad found a weak association between Muslim pilgrimage and economic development. He therefore ion of more credit facilities, and the establishment of an Corporation, to link together local ventures, while inkages with other Muslim countries in order to take S.M.S. Ali and Abdul Kadir, were hange in Bangladesh,” followed by and Positive Aspects of Muslim Travel ip between agricultural demand thg the hypothesis that crop demand generated by either the x villages in the Bengal Basin support e ‘proposition, although, as Ali cautioned, the Boserupian tion scenario for Bangladesh is rapidly approaching the Geertzian of ifivolution, with every possibility of the Malthusian prediction creephjj itwo tfie future, Unless major anticipatory measures are taken to arrest this trend. Keywords: abdul; countries; development; islamic; malaysia; muslim; paper; session
• Conference Report on the AMSS Seminar on “Islamic Principles of Organizational Behavior”: Safar 12-14, 1409 September 23-25, 1988 by Alkhateeb, Sharifa (1988.0) - In fact, all the speakers concurred that the next phase of scholarship in the area of developing Islamic principles of organizational behavior requires first a survey of existing theories from an Islamic perspective followed by actual scientific surveys of Islamic organizations to discover if and how Islamic principles have been applied. The final two papers in this grouping explored Muslim attitudes towards work and presented a practical model of Islamic motivation. Keywords: business; islamic; muslim; work
• Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists: Rabi al Awwal 18 -20, 1409/October 28-30,1988 by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1988.0) - Another concurrently held session was chaired by Anis Ahmad of the International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. al A d 18-20, 1109/odOber 28-30.1988 The Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists was held Rubi‘ul AwwulI8-20, 1409/0ctober 28-30, 1988, at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Keywords: ahmad; islamic; muslim; session; social; state; university
• Not Without My Daughter: Resurrecting the American Captivity Narrative by Nazari, Hossein (2017.0) - Hence, as the first major literary analysis of the text, this paper sets out to illustrate how Mahmoody’s “memoir” functions within the paradigm of the well-established literary tradition of American captivity narratives. Fur- thermore, analysis of the text reveals how the book’s production and reception were conditioned not only by its construction within the parameters of American captivity narratives, but also by what came to be known in the West as the “Iran Hostage Crisis.” Keywords: ajiss34; american; betty; book; captivity; captivity narratives; daughter; god; ibid; iran; iranian; islamic; literature; mahmoody; muslim; narratives; nwmd; page; social; women
• The Rescuing of Muslim Anthropological Thought by Ma'ruf, A. Muhammad (1987.0) - However, when I look at what has transpired since statements began to be made concerning “disciplines” within Islamic social sciences in activities of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists and in the formalization of the Islamization Work-Plan, it seems necessary to re-examine the concept of “discipline” itself. Such an association applicable to the idea of learning Islamic social sciences is completely inappropriate when us- ed in conjunction with the contempomy definition and derivation of the term. Keywords: ahmed; anthropologists; anthropology; asad; behavior; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; scholars; sciences; social; thought; work
• The Sociology of Knowledge: Jewish and Muslim Impact on American Social Sciences by Wright, Theodore P. (1987.0) - This was, as suggested, an advantage in modernization, but rendered Jewish social scientists uninterested in and unsympathetic with rural life and agricultures (again, with the exception of Israel) or in peasants except as mobilizable cannon fodder of revolution against traditional elites. Sociology of Knowledge 95 to Jewish social scientists in Washington and favored the regulatory and social welfare functions of government. Keywords: american; islamic; jews; lipset; minority; muslim; new; press; scholars; science; social; sociology; states; united; york
• Maitasine: A Myth or a Mischief? by Doi, Abdul Rahman I. (1987.0) - The visit, besides reminding me that there had been other scares successfully contained, convinced me that even those who thought they knew Maitatsine would now have to think thrice. Since Maitatsine fanatics are supposed to be muslim, the officials were con- siderate enough to decide to bury him according to muslim rites. Keywords: maitatsine; muslim; scare
• The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan: Implications for Muslim Central Asia and the Muslim World by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1986.0) - Modern highways, airports, supply depots, and pipelines are being built that will effectively shorten the distances between places in this region and reduce the costs of social and economic interaction between Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan, and, on a wider scale, between the Soviet Union and other nations of South and Southwest Asia. Modern Afghanistan dates back to 1747 when Ahmad Shah Durrani took over reins of that country. Keywords: afghanistan; asia; islamic; mujahideen; muslim; pakistan; soviet; war
• Orientalism on the Revelation of the Prophet: the Cases of W. Montgomery Watt, Maxime Rodinson, and Duncan Black MacDonald by Benaboud, Muhammad (1986.0) - In other words, after studying the main sources related Muhammad Benaboud Orientalism on the Prophet 313 to the Prophet’s biography, Rodinson selected what fitted in his materialist or “Marxist” model most neatly, but omitted the spiritual elements. Having emptied the Sh.2 of its spiritual content, the most im- portant elements in the Prophet’s life are totally absent in Rodinson’s work. Keywords: century; christian; islam; macdonald; muhammad; muslim; orientalists; prophet; revelation; rodinson; social; watt; work
• Islam and Art: by Dr. Lois Lamya al Faruqi Published by the National Hijm Council, Islamabad 1405 A.H., 1985,236 pp. and 60 plates, $6.00 by Zakariya, Mohamed (1986.0) - In Zslurn and Art, Lois LamyL 91 Firiiqi has laid the groundwork for a general theory of Islamic art-an enormous and admirable undertaking. In the introduction to Islam and Art, Dr. Firiiqi makes it clear one of her purposes is to “stimulate a demand in Muslim audiences for art works in every possible medium that are modern and innovative while at the same time remaining true to, and presenting a development of Islam’s artistic legacy.” Keywords: art; arts; islamic; muslim
• Editorial Note by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1986.0) - During his early years in the United States, Professor a1 Faruqi engaged in research on the Arab experience. In the 1960s when the Muslim student population began to swell significant- ly and a Muslim Student Association was formed by some dedicated young Muslims who wanted to retain their cultural identity in the face of strong Western cultural influences, Professor a1 Faruqi became one of the counsellors to these young men and women searching for roots and trying not to be seduced from the sirat ul-Mustuqim (the path of righteousness). Keywords: american; faruqi; islamic; muslim
• Editorial Note by Editorial Team, IIIT - (1985.0) - Though most social scientists in the West pay little at- tention to this aspect of social science, MISS sees it as very critical in understanding the human condition. Some readers see the new name of the journal as a challenge to Muslim social scientists to take a stand on important human issues and to conduct their research and analyses within an Islamic framework. Keywords: muslim; science
• Who Am I? The Social Identities of Muslim-American Adolescents by Tahseen, Madiha; Cheah, Charissa S.L. (2018.0) - Thus, with moderately low scores on Muslim identity, and relatively high scores on American identity, this cluster was labeled “Moderate-Muslim and High-American Social Identity.” Thus, with high scores on Muslim identity and low scores on American identity, this cluster was labeled “High-Muslim and Low-American Social Identity.” Keywords: adolescents; american; cluster; group; identities; identity; journal; mean; muslim; profiles; psychological; research; sample; social; youth
• Islamization of Knowledge with Special Reference to Political Science by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid (1985.0) - If we concentrate on the philosophical background of the concepts pertaining to this or that system, we will be able to develop insight into the nature of Islamic political systems, whose processes for ar- riving at and executing decisions are totally different from those of the West. There is also a parallel inability to locate the points of strength in the sources of Islamic knowledge and to learn from past experience. Keywords: abu; bakr; islamic; islamization; issue; knowledge; leadership; muslim; place; prophet; reason; revelation; social; studies; system; thought; time; ummah
• Islam: The Religious and Political Life of a World Community by Marjorie Kelley Published by: Praeger Publishers, 1984, New York, New York by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1985.0) - John Esposito, the young and promising American scholar of Islam, offers a very interesting case by case account of a selected number of Muslim states. He believes that each of these tenden- cies has its constituents in the Muslim world, but in the long run he feels that some form of Islamic unity which receives the support of Muslim states, sharing a common faith, a common culture and a common intellectual tradi- tion, will prevail over a fanaticism and an idealism which seek after a single Islamic state. Keywords: chapter; islamic; muslim; professor; western
• Editorial Note by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1985.0) - But actually, what is Islamic social science? The challenge is much greater today, but we believe there are enough talents in the Muslim World and beyond to achieve this goal of making social science a loving and caring companion of din al-Islam (religion of Islam). Keywords: islamic; muslim
• The Muslim Discovery of Europe by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1985.0) - The second was the subsequent development of learning and the sciences in Europe and the rise of European power to challenge, threaten, and finally defeat Muslim power in the world. The first was the renaissance in Europe, which interestingly enough led to the distancing of Europe from the Muslim World. Keywords: muslim
• Islamization of Knowledge: Methodology of Research in Political Science by Moten, A. Rashid (1990.0) - Islamic political science is but a perpetual struggle toward the ideal of the Prophet (?+AS) as the Perfect Man and his Madinah as the Perfect Polity. Finally, Islamic political science aims at approximating the Madinah model, an association which embodied understanding of human ends. Keywords: allah; conception; islamic; knowledge; life; muslim; politics; reason; revelation; science; social; state; values
• Is European Islam Experiencing an Ontological Revolution foe an Epistemological Awakening? by Hashas, Mohammed (2014.0) - The latter one distinguishes European Islam from European Islamic thought, if a line of differentiation has to be drawn. I make two major but brief notes without further argumentation here about the contemporary Is- lamic reformist scholarship that keeps the line between what is commonly re- ferred to as classical Islam and modern Islam. Keywords: ajiss31; divine; ethics; european; european islam; god; islam; islamic; law; man; modernity; muslim; page; ramadan; reason; religion; revelation; secular; thought; university; values; world
• Beyond the Post-Modern Mind by Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. (1990.0) - A Critical Essay on Leonard Binder’s Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies,” Iiamdard Islamicus Vol. XII (4), Winter 1989, pp. 15-30; C. Bouamame, la Probl th de la liberti humaine alms la pe&e murulmane (Paris: VM, 1978); H. Djait, La persomliti et le devenir ambo-islamque (Paris: Vrin, 1974); H. Gibb, Modern Trends in Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947); Y. Haddad, Contempomry Islam and the challenge 0fHistory (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1982); H. Hanafi, n e Origin of Modern Conservatism and Islamic FirndamenraIism in Egpt (Amsterdam, 1979); H. Hanafi, ‘Des Idblogies Modemistes llslam Revolutionnaire,” Peuples Medite&ens 21, October-December, 1982; A. Hourani, Ambic nought in the Libeml Age, 1798-1939 (London: Oxford University Press, 1970); T. Husayn, n e Future of Culture in Egpt (Cairo, 1936); M. Imarah, %yy&it al-jikr a l - i s h - a l - W t h (Trends of Modem Islamic Thought) Marque& University Press, 1%1; Q. Iggers, 7he Genmn Concepzioon ofHistory (Mia-: Wesleyan University Press, 1%8); F. Hayek, *Scientism and the Study of Society: The Historicism $ the Scientistic Approach: in IhC Counter-Rewl#lion of Science (1951); I. , lm; 1. -9 Z?E Methodology o f S Keywords: culture; following; history; human; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; man; mind; modem; modernity; muslim; new; philosophy; press; religion; sense; smith; social; society; university; vol; world; york
• Strategies for an Islamic Perspective of History and Historical Writing: AMSS First History seminar Buffalo, New York Dhu al Qi‘dah 1-2, 1410 May 26-21, 1990 by USA, IIIT - (1990.0) - This was followed by Professor Akbar Muhammad of SUNY at Binghamton, who presented a paper entitled “On Islamic History, Muslim History, and the Social Milieu.” Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq of MIT looked at epigraphy as another Expanding the scope of intemt to entire geographic areas, 0 x 1 ~ Khalidi of MlT spoke on the historiography of Muslim India, analyzing three difkrent schools of thought, and Musa Hakim of SUNY at Buffalo presented a paper on West African Islamic history from the viewpoint of ideas that have been generated on the subject. Keywords: history; islamic; muslim; university
• Beyond Textuality in Islamic Legal Exegesis: Intertextuality and Hypertextuality for Codifying Legal Maxims of Islamic Criminal Law by Zakariyah, Luqman (2014.0) - al-nuzūl al-Qur’ān, which links the revealed verse(s) to a particular reason. According to Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Sawwat, a contemporary scholar who has written on Islamic legal maxims, al-qawā‘id al-fiqhīyah can be established through six sources: namely, naṣṣ (the Qur’anic text and prophetic Sunnah), ijmā‘ (consensus), statements by the Companions, the Fol- lowers, and the mujtahidūn (experts in law), and the extrapolation of the branch of legal issues that have the same legal consequences.23 Maxims derived from each of these sources are not on the same footing; however, some are very strong and apply more widely to many fields of Islamic jurisprudence. Keywords: ajiss31; ashbā; beirut; criminal; dar; dar al; hadith; ibn; intertextuality; islamic; law; maxim; muhammad; muslim; page; qur’an; qur’anic; texts; zakariyah
• Islamic Education in the United States: An Overview of Issues, Problems and Possible Approaches by Ali, Kamal (2021.0) - A primary question for Muslim school planners, is as follows: What are the issues, problems and approaches to developing school projects that a Muslim school planner should consider or be aware of in developing Muslim schools in the United States? D. What are the central problems and constraints that apply and should be considered prior to Muslim school planning? Keywords: education; islamic; issues; muslim; planning; school
• EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1984.0) - As history would have it, it was Elijah Poole (later renamed Elijah Muhammad) and his Nation of Islam who would see in Islam not the medicine for salvation of all America but a spiritual and social weapon that could psychologically and emotionally liberate his fellow blacks from the paralysing grip of racism in American society. Islam is a growing reality in American society and like all the other religious communities in the country, it too deserves some scholarly attention. Keywords: american; islam; islamic; muslim; world
• Principles in Planning Library Education Programs in the Muslim World by Namlah, Ali I. (1984.0) - The Muslim World is acquiring expertise largely from non-Muslim nations through recruiting expert planners or through sending their students to developed countries to acquire knowledge, then apply it. Their influence is rarely noticeable in developed countries due to the mixture of cultures, backgrounds and traditions. Keywords: countries; education; library; muslim; programs; world
• Islam and the Challenge of Communism: The Case of Afghanistan by Jones, Allen K. (1984.0) - The conflict that has been taking place in Afghanistan for the past three years has come to be interpreted in markedly different ways depending on one’s viewpoint. Those in the West, including students and specialists of the region and policy makers, tend to view the events in Afghanistan primarily in geo-political or geo-strategic terms. Keywords: afghanistan; amin; communism; ibid; islamic; movement; muslim; world
• The Nature and Direction of Political Change in Pakistan by al Mujahid, Sharif (1984.0) - As against Sayeed’s thesis, the disparate and fragmented oppostion became united in the PNA not for economic and religious reasons (p. 157) but chiefly for political reasons-in particular to abort Bhutto’s plans to introduce the presidential system, and turn Pakistan into a one-party, 119 totalitarian state, which Sayeed learnt from Leslie Wolf-Phillips but which was common knowledge in Pakistan during 1976-77. In the first work, a political history of Indian Muslims since 1858 and of Pakistan till 1958, Sayeed interpreted Pakistan in terms of Muslim nationalism and Jinnah’s charismatic leadership, and the interplay of political forces and the course of politics in Pakistan’s early years were explained in terms of the “viceregal system” of undivided India. Keywords: bhutto; muslim; pakistan; pna; sayeed; work
• Some Factors which Promote and Restrict Islamization in America by Muhammud, Akbar (2021.0) - Muslim visitors and immigrants appreciate this fact much more than many other American Muslims, whose vision is often blurred by particular inadequacies and injustices in the American system. Given the emphasis in Muslim countries on scientific, technological and vocational studies, comparatively few students attend Islamic institutions. Keywords: american; country; islam; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; non
• The Role of Pakistan in the Organization of Islamic Conference by Nyang, Sulayman S. (2021.0) - In examining Pakistan’s role in the OIC, one must also point out that sometimes Pakistan leaders have to balance their Muslim interest and their global interest. 62 Speaking retrospectively again, one can say that the change in Pakistan policy towards both the Afro-Asian World and the Muslim World was the result of the harrowing experiences of the 1965 war with India. Keywords: afghanistan; american; asia; british; conference; countries; foreign; india; international; islamic; leaders; muslim; muslim states; oic; organization; pakistan; policy; saudi; solidarity; soviet; states; trade; western; world
• Muslim Historical Literature in the Era of Early Muslim Nationalism: A Case Study of Sir Sayyid and Ta’ib by Malik, Salahuddin (2021.0) - Professor Peter Hardy in his very recent book, The Muslims of British India, observes: For both the Muslims of northern India and the British, the events of 1857 were a trauma. 13P. Hardy, The Mussulmans of British India (Cambridge, England: 1972), p. 61. 94 world. Keywords: ahmad; british; delhi; english; india; khan; london; mughal; muhammad; muslim; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; rule; sayyid; shah; sir; sir sayyid; ullah
• The Principle of Shura and the Role of the Umma in Islam by Rahman, Fazlur (1984.0) - The point I wish to make is that Muslims instead of looking at other communities and peoples and jumping to conclusions by drawing wrong analogies therefrom, must first look to Islam and to their own selves and attempt to put their own house in order. The most capital mistake made by such leaders is to equate, surreptitiously and esilentio the Muslim community and its task with other secular communities and their goals. Keywords: community; good; islam; islamic; muslim; people; qur’an
• The Tragedy of Lebanon: Demise of a Fragmented Country by Faksh, Mahmud A. (1984.0) - The PLO forces were to be driven out of Fatah land, and there would be a twenty-five-mile wide security zone in southern Lebanon. Indeed, there is small likelihood that a strong, united Lebanon would materialize even after Syria’s eviction, let alone that it would be under Israel’s control, as the case in southern Lebanon. Keywords: agreement; arab; beirut; christian; country; forces; foreign; government; israel; lebanese; lebanon; maronites; middle; military; muslim; national; security; states; syria; united; war
• Rashid Rida’s Struggle to Establish A Modern Islamic State by Busool, Assad N. (1984.0) - Al-Jisr was widely read in modern science, as is evidenced by his book al-Risalah al-Hamidiyah and when he asked Sheikh Rashid his opinion of his book, Sheikh Rashid commented as follows: Al-Jisr was widely read in modern science, as is evidenced by his book al-Risalah al-Hamidiyah and when he asked Sheikh Rashid his opinion of his book, Sheikh Rashid commented as follows: Keywords: arab; empire; government; islam; manar; muslim; ottoman; rashid; reform; sheikh; sheikh rashid
• The Islamization Of Methodology Of Behavioral Sciences by Al-'Alwani, Taha Jabir (1989.0) - Moreover, if Islamic thought had continued to ascribe appropriate im- portance to the s u m of cause and effect, and to establish the relationships between results and their causes, could superstition in all its manifestations 232 It decided on the establishment of an institute to work toward reviving Islamic thought and its methodology. Keywords: allah; islamic; islamization; knowledge; life; muslim; sciences; social; swt; thought; ummah
• Mobilization Of Resources For Development by Sadeq, A. H. M. (1989.0) - Physical fitness is an important aspect of human resource development. Human resource development involves education in physical, social, and moral sciences, as well as physical fitness. Keywords: allah; countries; development; human; islamic; knowledge; mobilization; muslim; resources; social; swt; use
• The ‘Ulama and Islamic Renaissance in Algeria by ElTayeb, Salah ElDin ElZein (1989.0) - He thought that the liberation of the minds was the basic condition to the total liberation of their b0dies.u This objective was pursued by attacking the negative aspects of a1 zawiiyah and by advocating the spread of a1 taEm a1 ?turn (the ‘Ulama type of education), which will be discussed later on in connection with a1 nah& a1 thuqiiy7yah (cultural reformism).= The political reformism of the Association of the Algerian ‘Ulama, a1 i.yrii(z a1 siyiisi, was also heavily influenced by Abduh. Keywords: activities; administration; algerian; arabic; association; colonial; connection; decree; education; french; government; ibn; islamic; journal; language; mosques; muslim; people; reformism; regard; religion; renaissance; schools; social; teaching; thought; ulama; vol
• The History of Islam: New Directions by Osman, Fathi (1989.0) - Von Grunebaum, Wilfred Cantwell Smith and other Western scholars have divided Muslim history into classical (from the beginning until early Abbasids), medieval (later Abbasids and this period may be extended to early ottomans, to the time before the Renaissance in the West), and then one 2% The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciencs Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 comes to modem Muslim history. Some introductory remarks Is it more correct to say Islamic history or Muslim history? Keywords: god; history; human; information; interpretation; islam; islamic; laws; muslim; past; social; sources
• Islamization of the Discipline of Education by Farhan, Ishaq (1989.0) - A comprehensive classification of contemporary articles and writings on various topics and themes of worthwhile value, in Islamic education which would be published in a series of books of readings to be used as references by college students and professors of Islamic Education in various university courses on Islamic Education. llzird, Muslim education in recent times lacks an educational outlook, theories regarding modem educational problems of the Islamic Ummah, Educational Textbooks, and Teaching Materials suitable for Islamic education at all levels of Education. Keywords: discipline; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; process
• Challenges to the Study of Islamic Education in African Universities by Kaba, Amadu Jacky (2014.0) - The Middle Eastern radicals, quite different from the revolutionaries of Black Africa, seem to say that any means is acceptable as long as you are fighting the enemy. Writing about Arab-African tensions throughout history, Buo claims that [w]hile both sides would not openly or readily admit it, the truth is that since the ugly days of the barbaric Arab slave raids into Black Africa, long before the more publicized European slave traders come on the African scene, the Arabs and the Africans have barely managed to co-exist in their vast and rough continent of mutual distrust. Keywords: africa; africans; ajiss31; american; arab; arabic; black; countries; east; education; islamic; journal; kaba; knowledge; language; middle; muslim; page; people; religions; social; study; western
• Toward An Islamic Alternative In Thought and Knowledge by al Alwani, Taha Jabir (1989.0) - If we lay a firm founda­ tion for the theory of Islamic knowledge, and present it as an alternative to the contemporary Western theory of knowledge, we will have established the second basis of the proposed cultural strategy. If this unification of the education system is carried out properly, it will help to provide all the educated members of the Ummah with a good share of Islamic knowledge dealing with Islamic beliefs, the values and aims of Islam, and the morals and behavior of the Muslim. Keywords: education; islamic; knowledge; muslim; sciences; social; system; thought; world
• Conversion to Islam in South Asia: Problems in Analysis by Zaidi, Zawwar Hussain (1989.0) - The dearth of source material presents difficulties as medieval Islam produced no missionaries, bishops, baptismal rites, or other indicators of conversion that could be conveniently recorded by the Muslim chronicler. The false imputa­ tion, with which both Lawrence and Eaton agree, reflects the mood of Pro­ testant Christianity in the late nineteenth century69 rather than that of medieval Islam. Keywords: analysis; asia; conversion; din; force; god; hindus; india; islam; islamic; muslim; non; people; population; power; problems; process; religion; role; social; south; south asia; sufis; vol; zaidi
• South Africa’s Institutions of Higher Learning: Their “Study of Islam” Programs by Haron, Muhammed (2014.0) - Reference to these three scholars underlines the point that even though UDW’s historically oriented Islamic studies program had its shortcomings, it eventually produced scholars who made their marks in Islamic studies in southern Africa and South Africa in particular. It focuses on the BA Honors program to show the themes chosen for these programs and how scholars redesigned Muhammed Haron is a South African-based associate professor in the University of Botswana’s Department of Theology & Religious Studies, where he teaches religious studies courses; an associate researcher in the University of Johannesburg’s Study of Islam program; and an executive member of the University of Cape Town’s Centre for Contemporary Islam. Keywords: africa; change; haron; institutions; islamic; muslim; program; social; south; south africa; southern; studies; study; teaching; university
• Islamization as a Force of Global Cultural Renewal or: The Relevance of the Tawhidi Episteme to Modernity by Abul Fadl, Mona (1988.0) - A little over a decade ago, the mid-seventies witnessed a heightened awareness of Islamic cultural identity among the Ummah worldwide, an awareness which was projected in the space of activities and events which marked the fourteenth centennial of the Islamic Hvri calendar. In this sense, Islamic scholarship is by definition a vocational scholarship par excellence. Keywords: abul; civilization; cultural; culture; force; history; intellectual; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; paradigm; renewal; scholarship; social; terms; tradition; way; west
• The Socialization of Muslim Children in America: Toward A Conceptual Framework by Rashid, Hakim M. (1988.0) - In shiih: Allah, this paper will stimulate research in this area that contributes to a deeper understanding of Muslim socialization processes within the American context. In shiiiz Allah, this effort will serve as a stimulus for those who wish to systematically study Muslim socialization in the American context. Keywords: allah; american; children; islamic; muslim; process; socialization; view; world
• The Historical and Political Backdrop to Islamic Studies in Kenya by Bakari, Mohamed (2014.0) - Students are also reluctant to enroll in Islamic religious studies, which has drastically lowered the number of stu- dents attending local universities. Arguably, there existed a tacit partition of African realities among academics, with anthropologists appropriating the study of “authentic” Africans with genuinely “traditional” religions while the study of African Muslims, those whose pristine authenticity had apparently been violated, was left to histo- rians if not to “Orientalists.” Keywords: african; ajiss31; culture; department; east; islamic; kenya; muslim; nairobi; new; page; religion; saudi; social; societies; south; students; studies; study; universities; university; world
• The Muslim Scholars and the History of Economics: A Need for Consideration by Mirakhor, Abbas (1987.0) - The fact that many sources of Islamic economic ideas were available to the Scholastics-the Qur’an itself is known to have been translated into Latin twice: once by Peter Cluny (d. U6), a copy of which was available to St. Thomas, and again by Robert Ketton and Hermann of Dalmatiaa-only serves to strengthen this argument. It is not the intention here to suggest that the Scholastics lacked original- ity in advancing economic ideas but that the more one studies the economic ideas of Islam, the economic writings of the Muslim writers who preceded the Scholastics, the economic processes and institutions existing in both the Muslim East and the Muslim West in the seventh through fourteenth cen- turies,the more skeptical one becomes of Schumpeter’s “the Great Gap” and the disregard of historians of economic thought of the contributions of Muslim scholars in the development of economic thought and institutions in the thirt- eenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Keywords: behavior; centuries; century; community; economic; history; ibn; ideas; influence; islamic; justice; man; medieval; muslim; muslim scholars; new; philosophy; press; qur’an; scholars; scholastics; sciences; social; sources; thomas; thought; translated; volume; works; world; writings
• Human Resources Development: A Muslim World Perspective by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1987.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 Human Resources Development: A Muslim World Perspective Dilnawaz A. Siddiqui Introduction This paper seeks to define human resources development (HRD) as a necessary, if not a sufficient, tool for bringing about societal change in less developed countries &DC‘s), and reflects upon different concepts of ”develop ment,” including the Islamic view of it. Human resources development, during these decades, simply meant narrow manpower planning (Ginzburg, 1958). Keywords: countries; development; education; employee; growth; hrd; human; islamic; leadership; model; muslim; resources; social; training; world
• Community, Justice, and Jihad: Elements of the Muslim Historical Consciousness by Abul-Fadl, Mona (1987.0) - Justice: The Goal and Propeller of Muslim Consciousness The centrality of Justice in the Muslim historical consciousness flows from its place in the Muslim historical community. It is ultimately hampered in its understanding and calls for an appreciation of the substance of Islamic Justice. Keywords: allah; community; consciousness; faith; history; islamic; jihad; justice; life; muslim; order; right; social; society; tawhid; umma; world
• Comfortably Numb: A Short History of New Zealand Muslim Discourse and Thought by Drury, Abdullah (2021.0) - I E T Y 3 8 : 1 - 2 Muslim Associations and the national Federation, I may be endors- ing the somewhat overly optimistic appraisals of those who think that New Zealand Islam may be a direct model for the wider South Pacific. Therefore, there was no straightforward process towards what makes New Zealand Islam unique in New Zealand today. Keywords: d r; e r; f o; federation; islamic; muslim; new; new zealand; o r; r n; r y; tradition; u r; zealand
• Editorial by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1988.0) - Among of the objectives of MISS, and its sponsors, namely the International Institute of Islamic Thought @IT) and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS), has been the effort to restore confidence among the Muslim scholars and revive Islamic scholarship to its former high standards. The second section of this issue has three papers on matters concerning Islamic Thought. Keywords: islamic; muslim; social
• Al Faruqi and Beyond: Future Directions in Islamization of Knowledge by Ba-Yunus, Ilyas (1988.0) - Thus, Isma’il, AbiiSulaymsn and AMSS were right in emphasizing that Islamic Knowledge has to be rational, telic and societal in scope. Not that Isma'il did not care for Muslim community education at the lower school level - Muslim schools, especially in Philadelphia, owe a great deal to his activities in that area. Keywords: american; amss; education; islamic; islamization; isma’il; knowledge; muslim; sciences; social; time
• War and Peace in Islam by Safi, Louay M. (1988.0) - Jiimi'&kiim a1 Qur'iin Cairo: Matba'ah DBr a1 Kutub a1 Masriyyah, 1354 AH/1935 AC. See AbS Himid a1 Ghazzili, A1 MustasJufi 'Ilm a1 Usul (Cairo: a1 Matba'ah a1 Amiriyyah 1322 AH/1804 AC) Louay M. Sifi War and Peace 47 under the leadership of AbiiBakr, against the Arab apostates, and the f l d t h : “The blood of a Muslim may not be legally split other than in three instances: the mamed person, who commits adultery; a life for a life; and one who forsakes his religion and abandons the community ( i ~ r Keywords: a1 islam; allah; book; diir; fight; ibn; islamic; jurists; law; muhammad; muslim; non; peace; people; prophet; religion; state; verse; vol; war
• Islamic Revivalism in the Arab World and Its Dialogue with the West: The Homo Culturus Perspective by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (2014.0) - Thus, Ara- bic and Islam are the two cultural cornerstones that create the strong solidarity seen among Arab Muslim societies. The failure of contemporary Arab Muslim societies has been caused by their exchanging the straight path of Islam for a western secular path based on materialistic ideologies and values. Keywords: arab; culture; dialogue; homo; human; islamic; knowledge; muslim; revivalism; science; social; societies; west; world
• Unity through diversity: the Shar‘i Vision by Sachedina, Abdul Aziz (1988.0) - It is significant that the development of u$ alfiqh (theoretical basis or principles of Islamic law) under the great legal scholar Imiim al ShBfi‘i (d. 204 A.H.1819 A.C.) responded to this need of the Muslim scholars to systematically define the intellectural procedures for deductively inferring judicial decisions from the given textual and contextual circumstances. Accordingly, Islamic law has been treated as completely lacking in historical phenomenon, closely tied with the pro- gress of society. Keywords: allah; authority; community; divine; human; islamic; jurists; law; muslim; order; swt; unity
• Islamization of “Muhammadan Law” in India by Rashid, Syed Khalid (1988.0) - It gives the background in which “Muhammadan law” emerged and in what ways it differed from the Shuritzh: b The whole (of British Indian) judiciary was trained in English law and English legal concepts, such as the doctrine of precedent, and general principles of English Common law and equity inevitably infiltrated more and more into Islamic law as applied .in India. This law is peculiar in itself and cannot readily be used as a guide to the rules of Islamic law as applied in countries which have been outside this system, such as, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Iran, Nigeria, etc. Keywords: allah; british; courts; english; india; islamic; judges; justice; law; muhammadan; muhammadan law; muslim; sharibh; vol
• Islamization Through the Sound Arts by al Faruqi, Lois Lamya' (1986.0) - Whenever examples of sound art expression become too seiisuous or musically descriptive of earthly or human qualities, rather than a succession of sound patterns that leads the hearer to contemplate the higher Reality, Muslims have sought to correct or reject them. A. First of all, the way Islamic sound arts can have a powerful effect is by implementing their role as “translations” into sound of the Islamic message of rawhid. Keywords: arts; cultural; expression; ibn; islamic; islamization; music; muslim; sound; world
• Toward Islamic Anthropology by Ahmed, Akbar S. (1986.0) - Social anthropologists can make good use of the first of these criteria, for some degree of social order is attained in every society, and social anthropologists are interested in finding out how this is done. They do not, or at least they should not, imply that social anthropologists and cultural anthropologists study different sub- ject matter. Keywords: ahmed; akbar; american; anthropologists; anthropology; british; century; colonial; contemporary; culture; economic; example; groups; history; institutions; islamic; journal; life; london; man; muslim; organization; people; press; social; social sciences; societies; society; structure; studies; study; systems; terms; tribal; university; vol; western; work; world
• Political Obligation: Its Scope and Limits in Islamic Political Doctine by Salahuddin, Muhammed (1986.0) - [And]: If people see a wrongdoer but do not stay his hand, it is most likely that Allah will encompass them all with His punishment J9 When my Community lacks the courage to face the tyrant and to say: “You are a tyrant,” then this is its demise.*O T W into consideration the three main points upon which Muslim jurists have a general consensus (page-above) , and the unanswered questions (page- above), differences among jurists center on the use of force in any rebellion, where we can distinguish three major trends: 1) Those who contend that once force becomes the last resort, it must be used regardless of any consequences. In thew& ofthe Fkphet, He who withdraws his hand from obedience [to the a&-] will have nothing in his lFsrior when he meets Allah on the Day of b u r - =tin; and he who dies without having considexed himself bound by a pledge of allegiance WteraUy, While there is no pledge of allegianceonhisnecK]haddiedthe~thofthe'i~ofI~~ [i.e., as an unbeliever]. Keywords: allah; community; government; islamic; jurists; muhammad; muslim; obedience; obligation; prophet; qur’an; right; tyrant
• American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 31 Summer 2014 Number 3 by ojsadmin (2017.0) - As a continent that has made great strides in development but still has a long way to go, this is a helpful aspect of African Islam; (2) Islam has a progressive economic outlook and favors equity. Obviously, learning to live together is a pro- foundly important pillar, for any stratification and prejudice based on sects and denominations violates Q. 49:13: “O humanity, We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise (each other).”40 Learning to know Islam also includes knowing the history of female mujtahids, remem- bering that early Islam released women from their previous subjugation,41 and 12 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:3 ajiss31-3_ajiss 5/28/2014 1:24 PM Keywords: africa; ajiss31; ali; american; cultural; editor; education; history; institute; international; islam; islamic; islamic thought; journal; learning; mazrui; muslim; page; religion; report; research; sciences; social; states; studies; teaching; thought; universities; university; world
• In Memoriam by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1986.0) - During his early years in the United States, Professor a1 Faruqi engaged in research on the Arab experience. In the 1960s when the Muslim student population began to swell significant- ly and a Muslim Student Association was formed by some dedicated young Muslims who wanted to retain their cultural identity in the face of strong Western cultural influences, Professor a1 Faruqi became one of the counsellors to these young men and women searching for roots and trying not to be seduced from the sirat ul-Mustuqim (the path of righteousness). Keywords: faruqi; islamic; muslim
• Guiding Light: Selection from the Holy Quran by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1986.0) - They are invited to study the history of human civilization in its light and help man to understand himself better and follow a better course of action in the future. Muslims who accept with full faith and confidence all aspects of ghuyb and al-kulliyat al-iluhiyah ac- cording to Allah's message, should subject their thought and action to the ob- jective laws of life and matter (sunan al-Wuzlq). Keywords: action; muslim
• Meta-Religion: Towards A Critical World Theology by al Faruqi, Ismail Raji (1986.0) - It was only in the sixth century B.C., when Greek thinkers had lost faith in their own religion and began to criticize its incoherence and false claims and to condemn the immorality of its gods, that some tolerance and curiosity for other religions developed. JUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY The religion of the Hebrew patriarchs, and of their states of Israel and Judah down to the Assyrian invasion which blotted out the former, developed with awareness of other religions. Keywords: christian; christianity; claim; data; divine; faith; faruqi; god; history; human; islamic; ismail; jews; judaism; knowledge; life; man; meaning; men; meta; muslim; prophet; qur’an; reality; religion; religious; revelation; sciences; social; state; study; theology; time; truth; universal; wholes; world
• The Limitations of Science and the Teachings of Science from the Islamic Perspective by El Nejjar, Zaghloul R. (1986.0) - Science comprises both sensual and non-sensual information, the latter is known as “scientific abstmction” or “higher truth” which is a common ground for science, philosophy and religion. Some individual efforts, however, to write science from a true believing perspective have emerged like the writings of the following prokssors: Ibrahim Farag, Muahmmad Ahmad El-Ghamrawi, Muhammad Mahmound Ibrahim, Zaghloul El Nejjar The Limitations and the Teachings of Science 65 Khattab Muhammad, Malek bin Nabi, Waheed-uddin Khan, Muhammad Said Kim, Ahmad Abdis-slam El-Kerdani, Muhammad Jamaluddin El Fandi, Abder Razzak Nawfal, Ahmad Zaki, Hanafi Ahmad, Mustafa M a h m d , Khales Konjo, Hasan Zeino, Afeef Tabbarah, Qais Al Qirttas, M. Ferdouse Khan, M. M. M. Qadri, A. Q. Chowdhury, M. Akbar Ali, Maurice Buccaile, etc. (among the Muslim writers), Sir James Geans, A. Cressy Morrison, Alexis Carel, Graham Cannon and Albert Einstein (among foreign writers). Keywords: american; fact; islamic; knowledge; laws; life; man; muslim; new; science; truth; universe; world; york
• Islamization of Linguistics by Syeed, Sayyid Muhammad (1986.0) - Languages, according to Marrism, were not national but class phenomena and thus Marrism and Marxism were integrated in the study of languages. The availability of a scientific analysis of the sound system of Muslim languages and a firm faith in the use of one standard pan-Islamic script to strengthen our cultural ties can help us reform the or- thographic systems on the Muslim languages toward a better functional efficiency. Keywords: arabic; islamic; islamization; language; linguistics; muslim; people; persian; study; world
• Islam and Information: Need, Feasibility and Limitations of An Independent Islamic News Agency by Schleifer, S. Abdullah (1986.0) - The IINA is moving ahead, steadily if modestly, towards most of the ob- jectives defined at the time of its founding: to foster closer relations among member states; to promote professional contacts and technical cooperation among news agencies of member states and to work for the creation of a full- fledged international news agency with its own regional centers. Mattingly noted that Americans as a whole spend far more money on oqptzed religious activities than on organized sports (in contrast to Western Europe, the U.S.A. is still a relatively religious society), but despite the customary view of the market place as the arbiter of editorial concern, news coverage of religion barely exists when compared to massive U.S. sports coverage. Keywords: agencies; agency; american; coverage; iina; islamic; islamic news; journalism; media; muslim; national; news; news agencies; news agency; perspective; press; service; world
• Islam, Sexuality, and the “War on Terror”: Luce Irigaray’s Post-Colonial Ethics of Difference by Rasheed, Shaireen (2014.0) - I con- clude by discussing bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Irigaray’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference,” in an attempt to provide the phenomenological Shaireen Rasheed is a professor of philosophical foundations in the College of Education at Long Island University, Post Campus. I conclude with a discussion of bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Iri- 2 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:1 ajiss31-1_ajiss 12/4/2013 2:16 PM Page 2 garay’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference.”5 Keywords: ajiss31; difference; ethics; irigaray; islam; muslim; politics; rights; sexuality; social; state; war; women
• Madrasas and the Making of Islamic Womanhood (by Hem Borker) by Lahmar, Fella (2021.0) - Muslim women have been active in such Islamic education for centuries. Borker’s work furthers this scholarly understanding by captur- ing facets of the complex educational role that madrasa schooling plays in the lives and careers of Muslim girls in India. Keywords: education; girls; madrasa; muslim
• A Late Nineteenth Century Muslim Response to the Western Criticism of Islam-An Analysis of Amir ‘Ali’s Life and Works by Ahsan, Abdullah (1985.0) - Amir ‘Ali entered into a direct controversy on several issues on Islam at a later date with a few British writers, but he maintained similar views throughout on those issues!Z Amir Ali directly challenges few of Muir’s theories which the former con- siders as false theories. A special characteristic of Amir 'Ali in this respect is that he goes on to the history of the Christian people and points to par- ticular events in order to support his polemics against the Christian religious tradition. Keywords: ali; amir; attitude; british; christianity; comte; development; english; history; ibid; india; islam; islamic; life; muir; muslim; prophet; reason; thought; works
• The Balance Sheet of Western Philosophy in This Century by Garaudy, Roger (1985.0) - They determine the future course of Muslim development, and make Muslim countries dependent upon the West’s philosophy underlying Western science and technology. We should acquire Western science and technology selectively, creatively, and critically. Keywords: faith; god; islam; islamic; man; muslim; philosophy; science; west
• Contesting Almsgiving in Post-New Order Indonesia by Latief, Hilman (2014.0) - Contesting Almsgiving in Post-New Order Indonesia Hilman Latief Abstract This article explores the origin and development of the ideas and practice of zakat (Islamic tax) on salary and identifies how it affects the nature of zakat practice in contemporary Indonesia. Some believe that zakat practice has been precisely pre- scribed in the Qur’an and Sunnah and thus such an “innovation” is not necessary; others consider zakat to belong to that part of the Is- lamic ethical and economic system that is open to reinterpretation and innovation. Keywords: ajiss31; almsgiving; concept; government; income; indonesia; islamic; jakarta; mas’udi; muslim; new; order; page; pay; post; practice; rate; salary; servants; social; society; state; tax; taxes; ulama; wealth; welfare; zakat; zakat practice
• Toward the Realization of Ummah: The Relevance of the Philippine Dar al-Harb by Braibanti, Ralph (1985.0) - Even now that force activates its concern for Muslim minorities living under non- Muslim regimes. Only recently has much systematic attention been given to the condition of Muslim minorities. Keywords: affairs; conference; dar; islamic; minorities; minority; muslim; national; organization; philippines; research; states; ummah; world
• Parliament, Parties, Polls and Islam: Issues in the Current Debate on Religion and Politics in Pakistan by Ahmad, Mumtaz (1985.0) - He felt that any attempt to obstruct the election process in Pakistan would amount to the virtual defeat of Islamic political system. It now stated that “elections on the basis of political parties system are un-Islamic and unlawful according to the teachings of the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah” (emphasis added).46 On the other issues, such as the election and powers of the President and shoora, electoral college, and civil liberties, most of the practical recommendations of these reports apparently contradicted their ideological assumptions, for while they all paid rhetorical homage to the Islamic principles of shoora, equality and democracy, they nonetheless recommended a constitutional structure which sought to concentrate all power in the hands of the executive branch of the government. Keywords: democracy; elections; government; islamic; lahore; muslim; pakistan; parties; president; shoora; state; system; zia
• Muslim Nationalism: Iqbal’s Synthesis of Pan-Islamism and Nationalism by Sharif al Mujahid (1985.0) - Thus, Iqbal sought to resolve the sore conflict inherent in the nationalism-pan-Islamism dichotomy through the formulation of a synthetic concept of “Muslim nationalism.”37 Thus were laid the intellectual foundations of Muslim nationalism in India. Keywords: indian; iqbal; islam; islamic; muslim; nationalism; pan; urdu; world
• Crime and Punishment in a Modern Muslim State: A Pragmatic Approach by Ahangar, Mohd Altaf Hussain (2014.0) - Keywords: foundational legal principles, hadd, qisas, diyah, tazir, Muslim legislative assembly, ulema Introduction By and large, contemporary Muslims enjoy all the facilities and comforts of modern life. In other words, Iqbal does not treat any past interpre- tation of foundational legal principles in Qur’an and Sunnah as final.12 Foundational Legal Principles regarding Crime and Punishment What, one may ask, are Islam’s foundational legal principles in relation to crime and punishment?13 Based on my research, these are the concepts of ḥadd, qiṣāṣ, ta‘zīr, and dīyah. Keywords: crime; death; dīyah; injury; iqbal; islamic; law; life; muslim; punishment; qiṣāṣ; qur’an; state; ta‘zīr
• Muslim Women Stereotyped: Deconstructing Common Myths by Hamdan, Amani (2014.0) - Qasim Amin (d. 1908), a well-known Egyptian writer who helped disseminate the idea that Muslim women must be un- veiled,80 was only one of many Muslim writers who supported imitating the Hamdan: Muslim Women Stereotyped 87 ajiss31-1_ajiss 12/4/2013 2:16 PM Deconstructing Common Myths Amani Hamdan Abstract In this paper, I use global education theories and principles to de- construct common myths regarding Muslim women and the Is- lamic treatment of women. Keywords: ajiss31; circumcision; education; fact; female; freedom; islam; islamic; muslim; new; page; polygamy; practice; principle; prophet; social; western; women; world
• Fifty-Seven Tracts: Shaybānī’s (d. 189/805) Aṣl/Mabsūṭ, Twelve Centuries On by Ahmad, Ahmad Atif (2021.0) - The texts were mediated, for most readers, by the edits and rearrangements of the martyr of Rayy/Reyy (near Tehran), known as al-Ḥākim al-Marwazī (d. 334/945), in his Kāfī. Scholars of Ḥanafī law believe that the medi- ation of al-Ḥākim al-Marwazi was decisive in the reception of Shaybānī’s fifty-seven tracts. Keywords: abode; c t; consent; e r; e t; f t; islam; kitāb; law; laws; m e; muslim; r n; shaybānī; t r
• ISIS and the Challenge of Interpreting Islam: Text, Context, and Islam-in-Modernity by Kara, Ayşenur Sönmez (2017.0) - Anjum responded to the final question by refusing to call ISIS “Islamic,” for “Of course ISIS is making Islamic claims, but Islamic tradition is very complex and has been very difficult to agree on things except for a very, very few fundamentals throughout Islamic history.” Ac- cording to Islamic tradition, groups like ISIS that employ violence to kill Mus- lims and non-Muslims are ghulāt (extremists), rebels, or khawārij. Keywords: isis; islamic; muslim; tradition
• The Lives of Muhammad: By Kecia Ali (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. 342 pages.) by Rashid, Hussein (2016.0) - Ali pulls out Muslim sources critical of Muhammad and non-Muslim sources that praise him. It ends with a discussion of early non-Muslim constructions of Muham- mad, which establishes the back-and-forth between Muslim and non-Muslim communities presented in the following chapters. Keywords: ali; chapter; muhammad; muslim
• Peaceful Families: American Muslim Efforts Against Domestic Violence (by Juliane Hammer) by Howe, Justine (2021.0) - What follows from this approach is a revealing portrait of the vital work of Muslim DV advocates and organizations. These feminist commitments sometimes sit in tension with the approaches of DV advocates and religious author- ities such as imams. Keywords: advocates; muslim
• Honor-related Violence in the Context of Patriarchy, Multicultural Politics, and Islamophobia after 9/11 by Altınbaş, Nihan (2013.0) - There are similar patterns of family honor in Latin American and Mediter- ranean societies, among Kurds and Bedouins of the Middle East, within various Indian castes, and in China.13 Instances of honor-related violence have been observed among Muslims, Christians, Jews, Yezidis, Druze, Sikhs, and Hindus,14 as well as among people not professing any religion.15 More specif- ically, historical and legal documents point to the fact that this type of violence is seen in Israel,16 Russia,17 Mexico, Brazil,18 Ecuador and China,19 Italy,20 Spain,21 Greece,22 Bulgaria,23 Macedonia,24 Slovenia,25 Egypt and Kenya,26 Jordan,27 Central Asia and India. The image of “the white man as the saviour of brown/local woman” is reproduced through the media: In the twenty-first century, the western man has become the savior of Muslim women from the burden of traditions and honor-related violence.106 Additionally, the accompanying media campaign played a key role in ensuring the rhetoric of the violations of women’s rights and honor-related violence to legitimize the invasion.107 Patriarchy affects fundamentalist interpretations of the Bible, the Torah, and the Qur’an. Keywords: ajiss303; crimes; culture; europe; family; hasan_ajiss; honor; islam; media; murder; muslim; page; patriarchy; rights; shame; societies; violence; women
• Competing Authorities: Islamic Family Law and Quasi-Judicial Proceedings in North America by Aly Wahb, Yousef (2023.0) - For the distinct requirements by each Sunni school, see al-Mawsūʿah al-fiqhiyyah; Ghulam Murtaza Azad, “Qualifications of a Qāḍī,” Islamic Studies 23, no. 3 (1984): 249. However, al-Khaṭīb al-Shirbīnī (d. 977/1570) rendered Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām’s opinion inaccurate. Keywords: authority; c o; divorce; e t; family; ibn; islamic; law; marriage; muslim; o r
• American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 31 Fall 2014 Number 4 by ojsadmin (2017.0) - 4. Such as al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (Beirut: Dar al- Maʻrifah, 1961). This Issue We open this issue with Malik Badri’s “Cognitive Systematic Desensitization: An Innovative Therapeutic Technique with Special Reference to Muslim Pa- tients,” in which he discusses his innovative alterations, his Islamization of Wolpe’s systematic desensitization therapy, and how he applied them in 1965 to treat a Moroccan patient. Keywords: ajiss31; anxiety; behavior; desensitization; god; hierarchy; ibn; islamic; jawzi; journal; muslim; page; patients; social; technique; therapy; time; women
• Contemporary Islamic Educational Discourse and the Philosophy of Empowerment by Rahath, Yousef; Hashim, Rosnani (2013.0) - A spe- cialist in the philosophical and sociological foundations of Islamic education, she has been involved in the teaching of philosophy for children in schools (the Hikmah Project) and in producing more appropriate materials. For instance, Yedullah Kazmi notes that the obvious link between educationists of critical pedagogy and those interested in Islamic education is their common commitment to social justice and con- comitant interest in empowering students to subject the world to critical ex- amination to make it more just. Keywords: ajiss303; contemporary; education; empowerment; hasan_ajiss; human; islamic; knowledge; muslim; people; social; society; world
• Developing an Ethic of Justice: Maqāṣid Approaches in Maududi and Solidarity Youth Movement by Kiliyamannil, Thahir Jamal (2022.0) - For Maududi, the distinction between believers and non-believers is crucial and rights are distributed accordingly, especially in his proposal of Islamic state. Maududi’s proposal of a body of experts, rather than completely doing away with authority, has given an expanded scope for considering shūrā in Islamic movements as the newly evolved authority. Keywords: e r; e t; human; india; islamic; justice; law; m e; maqāṣid; maududi; minorities; movements; muslim; n j; new; r n; rights; solidarity; state
• Toward Women-Friendly Mosques by Safi, Louay (2005.0) - Forum Toward Women-Friendly Mosques Louay Safi The Islamic Social Services Association and Women in Islam have released a guide underlining a set of principles rooted in Islamic sources that outlines the rights of Muslim women to have full access to the mosque, and calling on Muslim leaders to privilege Islamic principles and values over cultural habits and traditions. Eventually, many mosques designated a separate and secluded area for Muslim women. Keywords: children; community; islamic; mosque; muslim; social; women
• The Excesses of Moderation: Colloquium on “‘Moderate’ Islam” University of Utah, Feb 21-22, 2004 by Barlas, Asma (2005.0) - The Excesses of Moderation Colloquium on “‘Moderate’ Islam” University of Utah, Feb 21-22, 2004 Asma Barlas I was persuaded to come out here at rather short notice by the promise of a dialogue on some of the issues professor Bernard Weiss has raised in his conceptually nuanced and politically canny essay on “moderate Islam. [that] moder- ate Islam [can] marshal” on its own behalf?2 Why not question the nature of Washington’s interest in “moderate Islam” and its attempts to enlist religion as an instrument of US foreign policy? Lastly, while it may be true, as professor Weiss says, that “How Muslims relate to each other is profoundly connected with how they relate to the West, and especially to the United States,” is it not equally true that how the US and the West relate to Muslims will determine their own future as well? Keywords: islam; moderation; muslim; qur’an; state; weiss
• Fourth AMSS Regional Conference by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz (2005.0) - The following chairs and guests were recognized: Imam Yusuf Zia Kavakci (Islamic Association of North Texas), Rev. Roy Harrel (vice presi- dent, Thanksgiving Square, Dallas), Robert Hant (professor, Southern Meth- odist University, Dallas), Rev. George Bithos (executive director, Texas Conference of Churches, Austin), Syed Ahsani (former ambassador of Pak- istan), Pastor Elias Morkos (Harvesters Community, Dallas), Daryl Schmidt (professor, Texas Christian University), Rabbi Robert Haas (Temple Shalom, Dallas), and Harry Reeder (professor, University of Texas, Arlington). The second session featured Ghulam Aasi (American Muslim College, Chicago); Carol Bargeron (Texas State University at San Marcos); and Nazeer Ahmad, a member of NASA’s Hubble Telescope scientific team. Keywords: conference; islamic; muslim; texas; university
• Islamic Social Services: Challenges and Opportunities by Nadir, Aneesah (2005.0) - Aneesah Nadir Assistant Professor, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Phoenix, Arizona President, Islamic Social Services Association–USA Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 171 Islamic Social Services: Challenges and Opportunities The Sixth Annual Conference of the Islamic Social Services Association (ISSA) was held June 17-19, 2005, at Arizona State University (ASU) and the Holiday Inn in Tempe, Arizona. Keywords: arizona; community; conference; issa; muslim; social
• Muslims in the United States: Influence and Innovation by Willoughby, Jay (2005.0) - Muslims in the United States: Influence and Innovation This event, co-sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the International Institute of Islamic Thought on May 11, 2005, was convened to determine which American Muslim scholars are influential in the Muslim world. He mentioned that Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Khalid Abou El Fadl, and Hamza Yusof were the best-known American Muslim authors. Keywords: american; democracy; islamic; muslim; nasr; pakistan; south
• Vision of AJISS: Back to Basics by Malkawi, Fathi (2000.0) - Its task was to revive Islamic thought, providing a clear vision that in tum facilitates efforts on other fronts regarding not only the needs of Muslims, but also that of all humanity. Editorial vii Revival of Islamic thought might be a direct responsibility of the Muslim intellectual elite but the realization of this project demands the involvement of the whole Ummah. Keywords: islamic; muslim; vision
• The Islamization of English Literary Studies: A Postcolonial Approach by Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2013.0) - Among all western disci- plines, English literature is arguably the most culturally charged and carries western value-laden ideas. Based on archival research, this paper sets out clearly the colonial genesis of English literature in order to establish an urgency to look at the subject Is- lamically as well as postcolonially. Keywords: art; colonial; education; english; english literature; human; islamic; islamization; knowledge; life; literature; muslim; sake; scholars; social; studies; teachings; values
• Humanity as Homo Culturus by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (2013.0) - Two arguments stand in favor of this: (1) no other living species possess the HS set and thus are deprived of the quality of the human mind, and (2) this set’s impact on making the human mind can be illustrated by the three types of human minds: illiterate, educated, and highly intellectual minds, as we will see below. Reminding human beings that no matter how much knowledge they re- quire, human knowledge will always be very limited when compared with God’s unlimited and perfect knowledge. Keywords: culture; culturus; homo; human; humanity; ibn; islamic; khaldun; knowledge; mind; muslim; nature; sciences; scientists; social; sociology
• Asad on the Secular: Implications for South Africa’s Muslim Marriages Bill Debate by Rafudeen, Auwais (2013.0) - According to da Costa, the unacceptability of abuse (similarly defined) from both the perspective of secular human rights and the Shari‘ah, is an ar- gument for looking to the wider interconnections demanded by habitus: the relationship among law, orientation, texture, and ontology. Asad on the Secular 9 ajiss301-latest_ajiss 12/10/2012 6:55 PM Page 9 In the contemporary era, Asad argues, the “state has the power to use human rights discourse to coerce its own citizens – just as colonial rulers had the power to use it against their own subjects. Keywords: asad; bill; constitution; debate; human; law; marriages; mmb; muslim; rights; secular; shari‘ah; south; state
• Challenges with Studying Islamist Groups in American Political Science by Khan, Tabinda Mahfooz (2023.0) - 119 While Euben and Zaman consulted a wide range of texts by Mawdudi that span his entire career and lifetime, the text chosen for inclusion in their edited reader of Islamic political thought is Mawdudi’s “The Islamic Law”, which is a theoretical justification rather than a commentary on the specific features of institutional design.21 Classes on Islamic polit- ical thought are a welcome addition to the north American political science curriculum, to be sure, but given the general preoccupation of political theory with texts rather than arguments during the course of political struggle, only studying seminal Islamist texts by Mawdudi and Qutb could lead people to draw dangerous conclusions about Islamist participation in democracy.22 I will briefly explain how Mawdudi’s ideas changed, in reaction to his political environment and to debates with the ulama and others, in order to illustrate how a focus on texts (as opposed to action, or to texts-interpreted-during-action) can be misleading. Many such critiques of Rawlsian liberalism, however, were structured as a defense of religion in public deliberation rather than as a considered analysis of how religious debates actually worked in Muslim politics (Nathan Brown’s Arguing Islam is a welcome exception to this trend).17 A notable dissenting work in political theory is Lucas Swaine’s The Liberal Conscience, in which he argues that the only plausible way to per- suade theocrats—that is, groups that regard the enforcement of religious law as obligatory—of the merits of liberal institutions is to construct an argument based on the freedom of conscience.18 Swaine argues that lib- erals, to be true to the liberal principle of non-coercion, must formulate arguments in favor of liberal political institutions that theocrats could accept from the perspective of their own moral framework. Keywords: e s; e t; g e; h s; islamic; l e; l l; law; muslim; politics; r n; s t; t g; theory
• Textuality as a Linguistic Mechanism for Codifiying Legal Maxims in Islamic Criminal Law by Zakariyah, Luqman (2013.0) - In his effort to articulate that the verse’s struc- tural elements are cohesive and comply with cooperative rules of utterance, he states: Fa in qāla qā’il: afarḍ ‘alā waliyyī al-qatīl al-qiṣāṣ min qāti waliyyihi? (Q. 2:178-80) Based on this verse alone, the following legal maxim could be codified: “al-aṣl fī al-qiṣāṣ al-musāwāt” (The foundation of qi§ā§ is based on equal- ity). Keywords: ajiss301; beirut; criminal; dar; dar al; hadith; ibid; ibn; islamic; latest_ajiss; law; maxims; muhammad; muslim; page; punishment; qur’an; qur’anic; texts; textuality; verse
• How about a Green Caliphate? Global Islamic Environmental Governance for Devout Muslim Communities by Alkatiri, Wardah (2023.0) - Capitalist (development ideology) Humans as earth- bound creatures 2 Nationalism (nation- centrism) Compatriot (countryman) (nation-state) Capitalist (development ideology) Humans as earth- bound creatures 3 Islam (theo-centrism) Muhammad’s nation (global world) References to the transcribed speeches of the Global South leaders are in endnotes 9-11. Keywords: alkatiri; caliphate; change; climate; communities; countries; development; e t; environmental; g r; global; governance; green; human; islamic; l k; m e; muslim; n j; new; people; r e; r n; social; society; south; state; u r; u t; world
• AbdulHamid Ahmad AbuSulayman’s Legacy of Intellectual Reform by Ahmad, Imad-ad-Dean (2022.0) - 5. See also A. AbuSulayman, “Contemporary Islamic Presentational Approach: Distortions, Confusions and Superficialization,” https://www.academia. edu/33838954/Contemporary_Islamic_Presentational_Approach_Distortions_ Confusions_and_Superficialization. 44 A. AbuSulayman, “Culture, Science, and Technology: How To Respond to Contemporary Challenges,” AJISS 19, no. 3 (2002): 79-89. Keywords: abusulayman; ibid; islamic; l l; muslim; u l
• The Islamization of Economies and Knowledge: A New Institutional Economics Perspective by Ahmed, Habib (2012.0) - Establishing an Islamic economic structure would require reorienting an Islamic society’s culture via the creation of new Islamic knowledge that can build appropriate institutions, organizations, and transactions. While the basic principles or doctrines of Islamic knowledge are given in the Qur’an and Sunnah, which together constitute the Shari‘ah, these principles are inter- preted to suit circumstances in various times and places through the process of ijtihŒd. Keywords: ajiss294_ajiss; change; economic; economies; institutions; islamic; knowledge; law; laws; legal; level; muslim; new; north; organizations; social; society; structure
• Extremism and Islamophobia Against the Muslim Minority in Sri Lanka by Muhammad Saekul Mujahidin (2023.0) - 10 Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar, “Muslim Minority in Post-War Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Aluthgama and Digana Violences”, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9:6 (2020): 59, https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0111 11 Mohamed Imtiyaz Abdul Razak and Amjad Mohamed-Saleem, “Muslims in Post- War Sri Lanka: Understanding Sinhala-Buddhist Mobilization Against Them”, Asian Ethnicity 16:2 (2015): 194, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1003691 12 Rohan Gunaratna, “Sinhala-Muslim Riots in Sri Lanka: The Need for Restoring Communal History”, A Journal of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terorism Research (ICPVTR) 10:4 (2018): 2. 13 Athambawa Sarjoon, Mohammad Agus Yusoff and Nordin Hussin “Anti-Muslim Sentiments and Violence: A Major Threat to Ethnic Reconciliation and Ethnic Harmony in Post-War Sri Lanka”, Religions 7:10 (2016): 6, https://doi.org/10.3390/ rel7100125 F O R U M  235 14 D. B. S Jayaraj, “Sinhala Ministers Nawinna and Herath Oppose Bodhu Bala Sena (BBS) Racism in Wariyapola and Kurunegala”. pdf 18 Mohamed Imtiyaz Abdul Razak and Amjad Mohamed-Saleem, “Muslims in Post- War Sri Lanka: Understanding Sinhala-Buddhist Mobilization Against Them”, Asian Ethnicity 16:2 (2015): 194, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1003691 19 Mohammad Agus Yusoff and Athambawa Sarjoon, “Post-War Religious Violence, Counter-State Response and Religious Harmony in Sri Lanka”, Journal of Educational and Social Research 9:3 (2019): 216, https://doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2019-0039 20 Ahamed Sarjoon Razick dkk, “Post-War Tension Between the Buddhists and the Muslims in Sri Lanka”, Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 5:10 (2015): 189. Keywords: ban; bbs; burqa; covid-19; government; international; journal; lankan; mosque; muslim; r n; rights; sinhalese; social; sri lanka; violence; war; world
• The Contributions and Impact of Malik Badri: Father of Modern Islamic Psychology by Rothman, Abdallah; Ahmed, Alisha; Awaad, Rania (2022.0) - Professor Malik Badri was the first psychologist to receive international attention for speaking out against the blind following of the secular par- adigm of psychology among Muslim academics and scientists. Conclusion Professor Malik Badri was the catalyst for the global development of the field of Islamic Psychology. Keywords: article; badri; book; contributions; field; impact; islamic; journal; malik; muslim; psychology
• The Non-Crucifixion Verse: A Historical, Contextual, and Linguistic Analysis by Fatoohi, Louay (2023.0) - Limited, n.d.), 25. 23 William D. Edwards, Wesley J. Gabel, and Floyd E. Hosmer, “On the physical death of Jesus Christ”, The Journal of the American Medical Association 255 (1986), no. 11. 24 A. R. Dard, Life of Ahmad: Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement (Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2008), 50. 25 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Jesus in India: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York: HarperOne, 2012), 165-167; Emil Schürer, The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135), vol. II, ed. Keywords: 4:157; c r; christian; claim; crucifixion; e r; god; jesus; jews; muslim; n j; new; o h; qur’an; r n; r s; verse
• Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison (by Ahmet Kuru) by Sadriu, Behar (2023.0) - More recently, its arguments featured in a widely reported op-ed penned by former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair in the wake of the Taliban recon- quest of Afghanistan, where he characteristically decries ‘Islamism’ as “a first-order security threat to the west”.1 The book itself takes a long-durée approach to questions about Islam’s place in the development of Muslim states and society, especially in the contemporary post-WW2 period. Therefore, we can say that Kuru’s argument is really one which positions Islam itself as having failed to aid Muslim majority states today in keeping up with standards Kuru has set up. Keywords: e s; global; international; islam; islamic; kuru; m e; muslim; narrative; r e; r n; s s; state; studies; ulema; violence; war; western; world
• The Souls of Muslim Folk: The “Obama Phenomenon” and the Paradoxes of Paranoid anti-Multiculturalism by El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (2012.0) - Whenever Muslims burn books, wear mock suicide vests in demonstrations, voice support for acts of terror, or publicly disavow the responsibilities of citizenship, they tend to feed anti-Muslim prejudice and provoke hostile reactions.78 There is, in this regard, some truth in Arendt’s points that victims of dis- crimination are not necessarily entirely innocent and that some of their actions and orientations may have contributed to the problem.79 For Muslims, as Parekh puts it, much could be done to “to regain their individual and collective agency and regenerate themselves,” and thus fight discrimination more effectively. As center-right parties shift to the right for fear of losing their constituencies, anti-Muslim sentiments appear to have replaced anti-Semitism as “the common denominator of populist movements. Keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; american; culture; identity; integration; journal; multiculturalism; muslim; new; obama; page; policy; politics; problem; race; rights; states; united; white
• Beyond the Divide: A Century of Canadian Mosque Design: (by Tammy Gaber) by Taj, H Masud (2023.0) - The author classifies gendered mosque spaces as having a full view of the main prayer area, a partial view, or no view while contending that having a direct “visual and auditory access to the main space is arguably the most important architectural aspect of any worship space” (p. 169). Gaber notes that while the exterior design “is universally privileged in surveys of mosque design,” however, it is the interior design that is “not as celebrated in surveys, but fleshes out a more complete story of how the mosque is used” (p.11). Keywords: book; canada; chapter; community; mosque; muslim; women
• Sufism, Politics, and the Arab Spring by Muedini, Fait (2012.0) - Similar calls have taken place in Egypt; in this case, Sufi groups have begun to form political parties for representation out of concern for the increase in political influence by the Muslim Brotherhood, as well as Salafi Muslim organizations. However, we should not understand the relationship as one merely of lead- ers attempting to influence Sufis – since Sufi orders have also been key actors in the anti-colonial movements in North Africa;23 and specifically in Muedini: Sufism, Politics, and the Arab Spring 27 cases such as the Sudan, where the Madahiyya order was key in the fight against the Ottoman Empire within this Egypt and Britain;24 in Morocco,25 where Nasiriyya Sufi orders had an influential role in trade, along with Sufi groups fighting against outside forces in Morocco26; in Libya, with the anti- colonial effort of the Sanussi movement27; and Algeria, with Abdel Qadir and the Qadiriyya movement fighting French colonialism.28 Syria Paul Pinto explains that Sufis have a long history in Syria, and in particular, have had many interactions with the political leadership – with this rela- tionship between Sufis and the state including “both collaboration and re- sistance to the state . Keywords: egypt; egyptian; government; groups; ibid; islam; leaders; mubarak; muslim; party; politics; role; state; sufi; sufism; syria
• From Victims to Suspects: Muslim Women since 9/11 (by Shakira Hussein) by Freitas de Souza, Felipe (2023.0) - In this chapter, the author discusses the situation of Afghan women before and after 9/11, focusing on women in that country to highlight, for example, that Muslim women are victimized to justify imperialism. Reflecting on a very important theme for Muslim and non-Muslim communities, articulating academic readings and facts disseminated in the media, as well as interviewing Muslim women in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the work clarifies that in order to understand Islam, Muslims and Islamist movements today requires a consideration of the role played by women in these arenas – or even the role assigned to them by external agents. Keywords: author; chapter; islam; muslim; women
• Rethinking the Concept of Fiṭra: Natural Disposition, Reason and Conscience by Arif, Syamsuddin (2023.0) - 8 Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-‘Arab (Būlāq: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Amīriyyah, 1300/1882), vol. 5, p. 363; cf. (Cairo: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Amīriyyah, 1321/1903), vol. 3, pp. 100-101. Keywords: disposition; e c; e r; e t; fiṭra; god; h e; human; ibn; instinct; islamic; muslim; nature; new; press; r n; religion; t h; vol
• The Position of the Niqab (the Face Veil) in Australia under Australian and Islamic Laws by Wood, Asmi John (2012.0) - Based on the practice of a segment of Australian Muslim women, I ex- amine the legal social implications for Australian Muslim women wearing niqab and, in instances, the hijab. On the other hand, paternalism is not likely to suffer greatly if Australian Muslim women doff their hijabs. Keywords: australia; bullock; case; community; consensus; context; cover; custom; dress; face; general; hijab; international; islamic; issue; journal; law; laws; mernissi; muslim; niqab; position; prophet; qur’ān; sharīʻah; social; veil; women
• Foundations of Islamic Antidrug Abuse Education by Idid, Syed Zahir; Hashi, Abdurezak A. (2012.0) - Ibn Abidin, Al-Radd al-MukhtÉr ‘AlÉ al-Dur al-MukhtÉr, (Kuwait: WazÉrat al-AwqÉf wa al-Shu’Ën al-Islamiyyah, 1980). 61. See his monumental book on Muslim jurisprudence: al-Radd al- MukhtÉr ‘AlÉ al-Dur al-MukhtÉr, vol. 6, 457. 62. Keywords: abuse; abusers; alcohol; antidrug; consumption; drug; drug abuse; human; islamic; jurists; khamr; life; mind; muslim; punishment; qur’ān; social; substances; wine
• Accessing Global Information: The Use of the Internet for Current Islamic and Non-Islamic Issues by Students in Solo, Indonesia by Gould, Benina; Khisbiyah, Yayah; Gould, Jeffrey B. (2012.0) - But in Indonesia, pesantren students often defy stereotypes.17 The Internet was chosen for analysis because it represents a power- ful portal for global news that is not always pluralistic. We then compare students’ survey responses with respect to the relative importance of the Internet as a source of Islamic and non-Islamic news, the frequency of their Internet use, and the general viewpoint of Internet sites that they access. Keywords: conservative; gould; indonesia; information; internet; islamic; modernist; muslim; news; percent; schools; sites; students
• The Role of Islam in the Abolition of Slavery and in the Development of British Capitalism by Afroz, Sultana (2012.0) - By the early nineteenth century, British West Indian monopoly in sugar was “unsound in theory” and “unprofitable in practice” in the face of sufficient and cheap supply of sugar produced by free labor in India.49 Sugar cost the British people annually more than one and a half mil- lion pounds sterling in the late 1820s.50 Two-fifths of the price of every pound of sugar consumed in England represented the cost of produc- tion, two-fifths went in revenue to the government, and the West Indian planter received one-fifth in tribute.51 Evidently, the commercial planta- tion economy throughout the West Indies was mortally ill. The textile factories of Birmingham and Manchester eventually destroyed the Indian textile trade and the Chinese household cotton in- dustries.82 Highlighting the importance of British textile to its economy, F. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29:124 M. Eden wrote: “The exportation of a piece of British broadcloth is more beneficial to us than the re-exportation of a quantity of Bengal muslin or of West India coffee of equal value.”83 Keywords: abolition; africans; american; britain; british; british west; china; east; enslaved; european; history; imperial; india; indies; islamic; muslim; people; role; slave trade; slavery; states; sugar; system; west; west africa; west indian
• In Diplomatic Banquet of Treaty: Islamic Sharī‘ah and International Laws Share the Attires of Pacta Sunt Servanda by Dawood, Hamzah Adesola (2012.0) - Christopher A. Ford maintains that “the most ambitious claims about the congruence of Islamic and modern international legal doctrines have been made in the area of the sanctity of international treaty law. Thus, the fundamental principle of treaty law is undoubtedly the proposition that treaties are binding upon the parties to them and must be performed in good faith.15 Keywords: agreement; article; convention; ibid; international; islamic; law; muslim; pacta; parties; principle; prophet; qur’ān; rules; servanda; state; sunt; treaties; treaty
• Contemporary Islamic Revivalism: Key Perspectives by Ali, Jan A. (2012.0) - The Definition of Islamic Revivalism and Explanations for the Emergence of Contemporary Islamic Revivalism Before proceeding to a more detailed discussion of the various perspectives that seek to explain the emergence of contemporary Islamic revivalism, it would be helpful to look briefly at the key defining issues surrounding contem- porary Islamic revivalism and examine the principal concepts surrounding it. There is more than one explanation or one set of explanations for the emergence of the phenomenon of contemporary Islamic revivalism. Keywords: arab; chicago; contemporary; crisis; fundamentalism; ibid; islamic; life; modernity; movements; muslim; new; perspective; phenomenon; press; religion; revivalism; social; state; university; world
• The Other Legitimate Game in Town? Understanding Public Support for the Caliphate in the Islamic World by Isani, Mujtaba Ali; Silverman, Daniel; Kaminski, Joseph (2024.0) - A Democratic Caliphate An alternative vision to the autocratic Caliphate is one that prioritizes some type of Islamic democracy rooted in a robust and multi-level notion of sovereignty. In addition, they phrase the con- cept in various ways, from an “Islamic Caliphate system” to an “Islamic Caliph state” to simply “a/the Caliphate.” Keywords: caliphate; democracy; e ot; e r; e t; h e; islamic; m e; model; muslim; n j; pakistan; r l; r n; state; support; world
• Islamic Awakening and Its Role in Islamic Solidarity in Malaysia by Abd. Rahman, Saodah; Nurallah, Abu Sadat (2012.0) - However, from the 1990s onwards, in order to be 119Rahman and Nurullah: Islamic Awakening more acceptable to the society, PAS changed its policies and approaches in spreading Islamic political ideologies moderate. Therefore, the selective implementation of Islamic law has been carried out relatively smoothly. Keywords: abim; anwar; awakening; government; ibid; institutions; islamic; leaders; malaya; malaysia; muslim; non; organizations; party; pas; people; principles; religious; social; society; state; umno; university
• The Mazrui Dynasty: Serving Islam in East Africa by Alio, Mohamed (2024.0) - At the same time, they also published and established Islamic journals and publications that were specific to the East African context.56 The Mazrui reform movement foregrounded the Islamic revival in East Africa, while al-Amin Mazrui, the latest Mazrui reformer, also transcended the more local reformist context to engage with interna- tional African, Global South, and more marginalized perspectives.57 The following are the most famous Mazrui reformist scholars: 1. 3 Muhammad Saeed Al-Beidh, Ṭayy al-Marāḥil fī Tārīkh al-Sawāḥil (Lamu: Dār al-Mīrāth al-Nabawī, n.d.), 12. 4 Ibid., 12. Keywords: africa; ali; amin; busaʿidi; dynasty; east; east africa; ibn; islam; islamic; kadhi; kenya; mazrui; mombasa; muhammad; muslim; oman; portuguese; shaykh; shaykh al; swahili
• Issues in Muslim Liberal and Islamic Revivalist Thought: An Analysis of the Views of Watt and Sikand by Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz (2011.0) - They consider Muslim liberalists thought as creative interpretations, which contribute constructively toward the development of Islamic thought; however, they maintain that Islamic revivalists demonstrate rigidity, idealism, and fundamentalism and cause the development of radical thought. Need for Change in the Islamic Worldview Watt thinks that Muslim liberalists accept that the Islamic worldview needs to be changed, while Islamic revivalists reject the need for change.1 Watt argues that this dismissal of the need for change in Islamic world- view has caused stagnation in Islamic thought and caused the decline of 93Ali: Issues in Muslim Liberal and Islamic Revivalist Thought the Muslim world. Keywords: change; development; god; ibid; islamic; liberalists; modernity; muslim; new; revivalists; sikand; thought; watt; worldview
• The Challenge of the Believing Intellectual: Religion and Modernity by Voll, John O. (2011.0) - In this view, believers and modern intellectuals are rivals, representing dif- ferent worldviews. In this resurgence, modern educated intellectuals who were also religious activists played an important role. Keywords: century; faruqi; intellectuals; islamic; modernity; muslim; nationalism; new; religion; world
• Al-Wasatiyyah as Understood and Defined by Islamic Scholars in Contemporary Singapore and Its Consistency with Ismail Al Faruqi’s Vision of Ummatan Wasatan by Hassan, Kamal (2011.0) - Which path Singapore Muslims choose will have an impact on the cohesion of our country.”7 Risalah: Membangun Masyarakat Islam Cemerlang Singapura (Sin- gapore: Majlis Ugama Islam Singapore, 2006). Keywords: community; islam; islamic; moderation; muslim; muslim community; non; pergas; scholars; singapore
• Ismail al Faruqi’s Interfaith Dialogue and Asian Religions with Special Reference to Buddhism by Fletcher, Charles (2011.0) - Isma‘il al Faruqi, Chris- tian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas (Montreal, Canada: McGill University Press, 1967). 2. Al Faruqi, Christian Ethics, 32–34. 3. Isma‘il al Faruqi, “Islam and Christianity: Prospects for dialogue,” The Sacred Heart Messenger (September 1967): 30. Keywords: al faruqi; buddhism; dialogue; faruqi; god; islam; islamic; muslim; principles; reality; religion
• Распространение и внедрения ислама в афроамериканском сообществе: обращение к греху расизма в умме by Рахман, Рафи (2024.0) - 3. Исламская теология в отношении загробной жизни (Ахира) была по-новому перетолкована, переосмыслена и рекон- струирована черными мусульманами «в политико- исторический статус будущего земли, но с властью и пол- номочиями над другими», и в результате рай и ад стали «условиями земной жизни, а не Пара- доксально, но многие современные иммигранты-мусульмане беспечно не осознают, что в Keywords: african; american; black; elijah; islam; islamic; journal; muslim; new; power; press; university; york; американский; америке; афроамериканском; афроамериканцев; был; быть; внедрения; внутри; все; для; его; журнал; и в; идентичности; или; иммигрантов; ислама; ислама в; исламской; как; которая; которые; многие; мусульманами; мусульмане; образом; общества; они; отношении; после; расовой; распространение; расы; рафи; рахман; религии; религиозно; себя; соединенных; сознания; сообществе; социальном; также; теолого; термин; черного; черной; черные; членства; что; штатах; этнической; является
• AJIS 40th Anniversary Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2024.0) - I A L N Ot E  7 My recent research exploring how Muslim healthcare workers cope with anti-Muslim racism in the workplace drew attention to the disconnect between science and religion that medical students here expe- rience. I wanted this edition to speak to its readers in our current context, in this 2023 moment of anti-Muslim racism, war, humanitarian and climate crises, inflation, global poverty and injustice, in these times of confusion over faith and the difficulty of living a pious life. Keywords: american; islamic; journal; muslim; social
• Shaykh Google as Ḥāfiẓ al-Aṣr: The Internet, Traditional ʿUlamā’, and Self Learning (2020)* by Hamdeh, Emad (2024.0) - For example, see Muḥammad b. Jamāʿa, Tadhkirat al-Sāmiʿ wa-l-Mutakallim fī Adab al-ʿĀlim wa-l-Mutaʿalim (Beirut: Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyya, 2012); Burhān al-Islām al-Zarnūjī, Taʿlīm al-Muttaʿallim Ṭarīq al-Taʿallum (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1981); In 1957, Zuhayr al-Shāwīsh (d. 2013), a Damascene Salafi, established a publishing house in Damascus, al-Maktab al-Islāmī, which early on built a reputation for H A M d E H: S H AYK H G Keywords: authority; e h; e r; education; g l; h g; internet; islamic; knowledge; learning; m e; muslim; new; people; press; r n; scholars; student; teacher; texts; traditionalists; world; ʿulamāʾ; ḥadīth
• On Being a Muslim Teacher in England: The Role of Faith and History in Educational Reflections by Mogra, Dr. Imran (2011.0) - Drawing on data from research conducted using a life-history approach to discover the experiences of these teachers, it ex- amines the dynamics of teacher identity and the role of faith in schooling. This particular quote was selected to illustrate the complexity involved in understanding teacher identity, and it indicates the centrality of faith in the life of this Keywords: education; faith; identity; life; muslim; religion; research; role; school; self; teacher; teacher identity; teaching; understanding; work
• Muslim Women and the Politics of Representation (2002)* by Zine, Jasmin (2024.0) - However, many Muslim women writers who seek to reclaim discursive authority over how they are represented and named are resisting it.97 The meanings that have been inscribed on the Muslim woman’s body as “oppressed” or as a passive victim of patriarchal dom- ination provide limited ways of understanding the complex narratives through which Muslim women actually live their lives as actors and resistors. This paper examines the politics of knowledge production as it relates to Muslim women in western literary traditions and contemporary feminist writing, with a view to understanding the political, ideological, and economic mediations that have his- torically framed these representations. Keywords: c s; e n; e p; e s; e t; h e; ibid; m e; muslim; n d; r e; r n; women
• The Islamic Secular (2017)* by Jackson, Sherman A. (2024.0) - (Cairo: al-Mak- tabah al-Azhariyyah li al-Turath, 2006), 2:38; Abd al-Rahim b. Ali b. al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh Zadeh, Naẓm al-Farā’id wa Jam` al-Fawā’id fī al-Masā’il al-Mukhtalaf fīhā bayna al-Sādah al-Ash`arīyah wa al-Sādah al-Māturīdīyah, Arabic MS. The Islamic secular, being non-shar`ī, would be subject to a discre- tionary ḥukm only when the latter clearly and uncontrovertibly served the community’s interest, what al-Qarafi termed al-maṣlaḥah al-rājiḥah aw al-khāliṣah. Keywords: c o; c s; c u; e c; e r; e t; example; god; islamic; k s; law; m e; muslim; n j; non; r n; religion; religious; s e; s o; secular; shar`ī; sharia; state; u l
• Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration from an Islamic Perspective (1998)* by Haque, Amber (2024.0) - Later in the 18th century, Von Wolff distinguished between rational and empirical psychology,8 which paved the way for scientific psychology. This means that psychology studies (or should study, if consid- ered science) behavior in terms of variables that are subject to experimental scrutiny. Keywords: behavior; e s; human; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; muslim; nature; psychological; psychologists; psychology; religion; s s; science; study
• Rethinking Islamic Education in Facing the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century (2005)* by Hashim, Rosnani (2024.0) - I E t Y 4 1 : 1 The absence of Arabic from the curriculum of Islamic religious science is too glaring. However, given the nature and the core aim of Islamic religious sciences, this responsibility weighs heavier on those who teach them than those who teach the other subjects. Keywords: curriculum; education; islamic; muslim; qur’an; school; students; teachers; teaching
• Reconceptualizing Political Obedience in Islamic Thought: An Analytical Study of Ḥadīth Literature by Bakour, Bachar (2025.0) - Haykal, Al-Jihād, 1: 165-202; al-Mawsū‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaytiyyah, “al-Imāmah al-kubrā.” 116 Al-Ghannūshī, Al-Ḥurriyyāt al-‘Ammah fī al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyyah. Keywords: abū; abū al; amr; athīr; authority; beirut; cairo; caliphate; community; dār al; fitnah; ibn al; islamic; jāmi; leaders; muslim; obedience; people; prophet; rebellion; ruler; thought; ulū al; uṣūl; ḥadīth
• Undermined Syncretism: Origin and Consciousness of Muslim Separatism in Colonial South Asia by Prakash, Om (2011.0) - Did the two-nation concept exist in medieval India? T. W. Arnold describes the culture of tolerance in medieval India: Unbelievers have enjoyed under Mohammedan rule a measure of tolera- tion, the like of which is not to be found in Europe until quite modern times . . . Keywords: ahmad; ali; british; community; congress; hindu; idea; india; islamic; khan; league; movement; muslim; national; pakistan; people; rule; separatism; social; state; syed
• The Reconceptualization of the Umma and Ummatic action in Abdullah Bin Bayyah’s Discourse by Beka, Rezart (2024.0) - 11 Abdullah Bin Bayyah, “This is not the Path to Paradise: Response to ISIS,” Abu Dhabi, September 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2022, http://binbayyah.net/english/ fatwa-response-to-isis/. 12 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 26. 13 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 21. 14 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 29. 15 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 21. 108 Diaz, “The Alliance of Virtue,”; Ahmed Salisu Garba, “The Prospects and Problems of the Marrakesh Declaration on the Rights of Religious Minorities in Muslim Majority Communities,” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 16, No. 4 (2018): 47-59 and Vebjørn L Horsfjord, “The Marrakesh Declaration on Rights of Religious Minorities: Opportunity or Dead End?” Nordic Journal of Human Rights 36, No. 2:151-166 109 Bin Bayyah, Hiwār, 173. 110 See, Abdullah Bin Bayyah, “Taʿlīq ʿ ala al-kitāb: Ishqaliyyāt al-ridda wa al-murtadīn li al-ʿalāmat Ṭāha al-ʿUlwānī”, accessed May 1, 2023, https://binbayyah.net/arabic/ archives/400. Keywords: bin bayyah; c o; c t; charter; citizenship; discourse; e c; e r; e t; f t; h e; islamic; m e; medina; muslim; n j; nation; r n; state; t h; u m
• Modernity and Muslims: Toward a Selective Retrieval by Adeel, M. Ashraf (2011.0) - In the present conditions of the world, where half of the world population lives on less than a two-dollar-a-day subsidy that a cow receives in Europe, how can one expect the huge populations of the de- veloping Muslim world to believe that the West is playing fair with them in the current economic order. Toward a Selective Retrieval1 M. Ashraf Adeel Abstract This article is focused on some conditions in today’s world of globalized media, which are producing either an uncritical ac- quiescence or fright in Muslim societies as a result of the in- teraction between these societies and the contemporary West- ern powers that represent modernity and postmodernity on the global stage. Keywords: american; cultures; ethics; globalization; human; islamic; journal; media; modernity; modernization; muslim; new; point; press; qur’an; reality; reason; science; social; societies; technology; today; universal; village; way; west; world
• The Dilemmas of Islamic Bioethics in the Twenty-first Century: “Being a Stranger in a Strange land” (Or: Procrustes1 “Islamized”) by Bouzenita, Dr. Anke Iman (2011.0) - However, reflections of the general paradigm change and questions of how Islamic medical ethics relate in an imported un-Islamic setting in the Islamic world, were generally not made.52 This stratum of public health policy is vital to set the societal frame- work for the life sciences and bioethics. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:146 already estranged Islamic context to be answered, and describes the evolving dilemmas that make Islamic bioethics appear like a stranger moving in a strange land. Keywords: american; bioethics; brain; century; death; dilemmas; fiqh; human; ibid; islamic; law; life; medical; muslim; organ; person; questions; research; sciences; social; world
• Strategies for Enhancing the Understanding of Islam in the Media by Yousif, Ahmad F. (2011.0) - November 12–13, 2001, Tunis; and the International Symposium on “The Muslim World Image in Western Media; between Fairness and Bias.” The term Western media used in this paper, refers to all forms of mass media that originate from Western countries and report events from a Western point of view. Keywords: american; countries; events; information; international; islam; islamic; journalists; media; muslim; new; non; press; understanding; western; world
• Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship After Empire: (By SherAli Tareen) by Friedmann, Yohanan (2024.0) - It is somewhat surprising that the Muslim side did not mention the “inim- itability of the Qurʾān” (iʿjāz al-Qurʾān) which was the most important miracle proving the truth of Islam in classical Muslim theology. He found support for his position in Qurʾān 60:8-92 which allows friendship with non-Muslims who do not fight the Muslims and do not expel them from their homes. Keywords: islam; muslim; religions
• Values and Gender Equality between Islam and the West: Mazrui's Struggle for a System of Universal Values by Mrani, Moulay Rachid (2016.0) - Mazrui asserts that the assumption that Islam, as a referent, is completely incongruous with western values or as a threat to humanistic and western values is not only erroneous, but actually dangerous. Thus, it is the duty of everyone, when dealing with values, to differen- tiate between provocation, which may lead to violence or even death, and freedom of expression.23 The media practices this responsible attitude when it deals with issues that concern western values. Keywords: freedom; gender; islam; islamic; mazrui; message; muslim; new; societies; values; west; women
• Can Islam Accommodate Homosexual Acts? Qur’anic Revisionism and the Case of Scott Kugle by Vaid, Mobeen (2017.0) - This maxim runs counter to the one that applies to human actions in general, namely, al-aṣl fī al-ashyāʾ al-ibāḥa (actions are permissible by default unless specifically prohibited by the Sacred Law). Indeed, in the realm of sexuality, the cardinal legal axiom (qāʿidah fiqhīyah) regarding sexual behavior in Islamic law is al-aṣl fī al-abḍāʿ al-taḥrīm (i.e., all sexual acts are prohibited by default except those explicitly permitted by the sacred law).44 Accordingly, even persons who ex- perience unelected and exclusive same-sex attractions – such that marriage, for instance, may not be a viable option given their lack of any erotic attraction to the opposite sex – are nevertheless subject to the law’s objective parameters and required to observe abstinence if necessary. Keywords: acts; ajiss34; book; daughters; desire; diversity; final_ajiss; god; hadith; hazm; homosexuality; ibid; ibn; intercourse; islamic; journal; kugle; lot; male; men; muslim; page; people; qaṣaṣ; qur’an; sciences; sex; tabari; tradition; vaid; women
• Islam and Democracy in the 21st Century : (By Tauseef Ahmad Parray) by Dar, Owais Manzoor (2024.0) - Parray’s work not only enriches our understanding of the intricate relationship between Islam and democracy but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the dynamic nature of inter- pretative traditions within Islamic discourse. The book invites us to engage with diverse Islamic concepts, enriching Islamic scholarship through cross-cultural dialogue and the generation of contextualized meanings beyond conventional boundaries. Keywords: democracy; islam; islamic; muslim; parray
• Editorial Note by Warren, David (2024.0) - Beka explores this scholar’s discourse of reform and the kind of Islamic politics he has argued for in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab Spring, which Bin Bayyah articulates by way of rethinking the role and func- tion of the Muslim umma in the modern context. The Mauritanian Shaykh Abdullah Bin Bayyah is arguably among the most well-known members of the Sunni Muslim scholarly elite, the ulama, alive today. Keywords: muslim; umma
• Muslims and Science: Contributions of Islamic Universities to Professional Ethics by Uthman, Ibrahim Olatunde (2010.0) - This paper examines how the Islamic concept of khilafah (vice- gerency) can be employed to revive Islamic science so that it can sus- tain human and other creatures in a wholesome manner. The rejection or neglect of this philosophy, upon which Islamic science is based, has precipitated the ongoing crisis, chaos, and suffering in the world despite our scientific and technological advancement. Keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss-27-1-final-obay.qxp; education; ethics; human; islamic; knowledge; muslim; page; pdf; science; students; study; trial; university; version
• The Many-Colored Cloak: Evolving Conceptions of Democracy in Islamic Political Thought by Mufti, Malik (2010.0) - Al-Barnamij al-Intikhabi li Murashshahi Jama`at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin li Intikhabat al-Majlis al-Niyabi al-Urduni (Amman: n.p., 1989); Al-Barnamij al-Intikhabi li Murashshahi Hizb Jabhat al-`Amal al-Islami li Intikhabat al- Majlis al-Niyabi al-Urduni (Amman: n.p., 1993), 7, 15. 55. Ishaq Ahmad Farhan, Al-Mawqif al-Islami min al-Musharakah al-Siyasiyah (Amman: Hizb Jabhat al-`Amal al-Islami, 1996), 25, 24, 29. 62. Keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp; american; democracy; elections; emb; falasifah; farabi; islamic; islamists; muslim; page; party; pdf; people; politics; press; regime; trial; turkey; version
• ajiss-3648 by None (None) - “Evangelical” as an umbrella term covering all articulations of American religion which emphasize the personal, individualized conversion experience of being “born again,” includes Pentecostal Protestants and pentecostalized “charismatics” of formally non-Protestant religious traditions who “have experienced the ‘in-fill- ing’ of the Holy Spirit” as manifested in practices such as speaking in tongues and faith healing. Arguing that “dominant forms of American liberalism have prevented the political assimilation of Muslim Americans,” Edward Curtis, for example, questions whether “liberal states may be structurally incapable” of sustaining the “kind of democracy” that is “committed to justice and equity. Keywords: american; brownson; catholic; catholicism; creed; experience; ibid; islam; liberalism; muslim; new; orestes; orestes brownson; percent; pew; protestantism; religion; research; vol
• ajiss-370 by None (None) - Other noted mod- ern scholars who adopt the same approach include `Abbas Shawman, Al- `Ilaqat al-Dawliyah fi al-Shari`ah al-Islamiyah (Cairo: al-Dar al-Thaqafah, 1999), 37-38; Subhi Mahmasani, Al-Qan´n wa al-`Ilaqat al-Dawliyah fi al- Islam, 101-02; `Ulyan, Al-Nizam al-Siyasi fi al-Islam, 163; Muhammad al- Sadiq al-`Afifi, Al-Islam wa al-`Ilaqat al-Dawliyah (Beirut: Dar al-Raid al- `Arabi, 1986), 293. `Abd al-Salam al-Sulaymani, Al-Ijtihad fi al-Fiqh al-Islami: Dawabituh wa Mustaqbiluh (Beirut: Dar al-Qalam, n.d.), 109-210. 20. Keywords: contemporary; dar; dar al; fiqh; ibn; ijtihad; instance; intellectual; islamic; jurists; law; muhammad; muslim; prophet; qur’an; social; thinking; thought
• ajiss-3722 by None (None) - Most are women, reflecting the field’s authorial demographics on the one hand, but also showcasing women’s voices, especially those of Muslim women, on the other. It makes for a valuable reference work that helps readers navigate the minefield of political and other ideologies that revolve around Muslim women. Keywords: activism; islamic; muslim; volume; women
• ajiss-3723 by None (None) - Aslan’s work shows the nuances in presenting Muslim prayer. In many ways this omission makes sense, as US law does not make a distinction between different types of Muslim prayer, it is all simply “Muslim prayer.” Keywords: american; chapter; muslim; prayer
• ajiss-374 by None (None) - Several such studies have been conducted.64 For example, in their explor- atory study of Bangladesh, Sobhani and Ather ascertained several factors that are perceived as causing the lack of MIP awareness: a lack of knowledge of Islamic management; the absence of true practicing Muslims, research on Islamic management, an Islamic environment and culture, teaching and prac- tices of the Qur’an and hadith, institutional support, and media coverage of Islamic management issues; the effects of western education and culture, globalization, and secular NGOs; and environmental bottlenecks.65 Sobhani and Ather’s study highlights these issues in their order of preference for making Muslims people aware of MIP: the Islamizing knowledge and education, creating public consensus, reforming the govern- ment; adjusting globalization with Islamic values and norms; and restricting NGO activities, Islamizing educational models and procedures, removing corruption, establishing Islamic management research centers, formulating rules and regulations that follow Islamic values and norms, establishing a Shari`ah-based administration, and communicating Islamic management through all available media Keywords: business; discipline; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; icmip; islamic; journal; knowledge; leadership; management; mip; muslim; pdf; perspectives; proceedings; research; researchers; social; trial
• ajiss-378 by None (None) - ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp The Consolidation and Spread of Islam in South Africa Yousuf Dadoo Abstract Much has been written about Islam’s advent, entrenchment, and spread in specific regions of South Africa, and other writings cover its advent over the entire country. Keywords: african; ajiss; american; cape; community; consolidation; da`wah; islam; islamic; journal; june; moussa; muslim; page; pdf; people; percent; problems; religion; school; south africa; spread; town; trial; trial version; version
• ajiss-382 by None (None) - In addition, the selec- tive punishment of Muslim women, evident in numerous sentences handed down by Shari`ah courts, runs contrary to the principles of the Islamic reli- gion and law. This article accounts for and provides fresh insights on how the fate of Muslim women under the Shari`ah intertwines with the uncertain future of the law in Nigeria. Keywords: collective; conscience; islamic; justice; law; muslim; nigeria; rights; shari`ah; social; society; system; trial; women
• ajiss-383 by None (None) - The Shari`ah in northern Nigeria, which became a passionate protest against the political and economic marginalization of northern Muslims, is also sometimes a form of cultural resistance to western education and the wider forces of globalization. Globalization and Islamic Revivalism Many reasons have been advanced for the rise of Shari`ah advocacy and Sha- ri`ah implementation in northern Nigeria. Keywords: english; globalization; islamic; law; muslim; new; nigeria; northern; page; pdf; shari`ah; shariacracy; states; trial; version
• ajiss-385 by None (None) - Page 89 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com pastoral Oromo who lived in the Valley of the River Gannale and in Sidamo; (5) these pastoral groups lived beyond the boundaries and the control of the medieval Christian kingdom (6) and were not affected by the ensuing devas- tation because they lived on the periphery of the zone of conflict; (7) these pastoral groups launched the massive migration that changed Oromo history and radically altered the political landscape of the Ethiopian region; and (8) before the Christian kingdom fully recuperated and reestablished its strong military garrisons in the southern provinces, the migrating pastoralists dis- lodged what was left after the jihad and thwarted new attempts at settlement. The rise of Muslim Oromo power in Wallo was probably instrumental in the revival of Christian nationalism in historic Abyssinia. Keywords: ajiss; christian; ethiopia; hassen; ibid; ideology; islam; menilek; muslim; oromo; page; pdf; region; religion; resistance; trial; version; wallo
• ajiss-3876 by None (None) - Подобные дебаты возникали и в теоре- тизировании международных отношений, когда идеи «неомо- дернизации» Скорее всего, причиной этих проблем стал опыт жестокого поселенческого колониализма и геноцида после расчленения Османской империи в 1912 году, за которыми последовала ком- 178 n АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 39:3–4 мунистическая диктатура, а в 2000-х годах ее сменила посткомму- нистическая светская элита, которая ориентирует своих собствен- ных граждан на ориенталистский образ жизни, и им в этом помо- гают западные чиновники, ставящие «порядок» и неолибераль- ные экономические реформы превыше всего14. Keywords: 39:3–4; east; hallaq; howell; international; islam; montpetit; muslim; press; review; richter; security; studies; university; war; world; авторитаризм; более; были; власти; войны; время; государства; действительно; демократии; для; его; есть; еще; журнал; и в; и что; ислама; ислама и; истории; как; которая; которые; куру; куру и; куру о; между; мира; мире; мировой; мусульман; мусульманском; нарратив; насилия; обзорные; образом; общества; однако; они; особенно; отношений; поскольку; после; роли; также; таким; тем; того; только; том; улемов; улемы; ученых; хотя; что; что куру; чтобы; эссе; это; этой; этом; является
• ajiss-3881 by None (None) - Мутазилиты пришли в упадок и в конечном итоге утратили всякий авторитет среди суннитов, ассимилиро- вавшись с шиитской теологией примерно в V веке по хиджре. Руайхеб делает особый акцент на том, что, вопреки распространен- ным рассказам об интеллектуальном упадке, в XVII в. Keywords: 39:3–4; asia; blackwell; brown; cambridge; canonization; companion; encyclopedia; exegesis; formation; hadith; hamdeh; history; ibid; ibn; intellectual; islamic; journal; law; muslim; new; oxford; philosophy; press; qur’anic; reason; routledge; shamsy; studies; sufism; taymiyya; theology; university; university press; women; york; а не; а также; абд; абу; аллаха; аль; ахл; ахмад; бинт; благословение; бога; более; была; были; были аль; было; быть; веке; влияние; вместо; время; все; газали; где; году; дин; для; других; его; ему; женщины; жизни; журнал; знания; и аль; и в; и его; и ибн; и их; и на; и не; и что; ибн; ибн аль; или; интеллектуальной; ислама; ислама и; исламской; истории; итоге; как; как аль; как на; когда; конечном; корана; которая; которые; кто; малика; между; мир; можно; мусульман; мусульманской; мухаммада; например; науки; некоторые; несмотря; них; области; образом; общества; однако; она; они; откровения; отличие; период; под; поскольку; после; посредством; против; протяжении; сахих; своего; своих; свою; себя; среди; стал; стороны; так и; также; таким; тем; того; только; том; традиции; ученых; форум; хадисов; хадисы; хиджре; хотя; часть; что; чтобы; шафии; школы; эти; это; этом; является
• ajiss-389 by None (None) - Of course, I am not suggesting that this concept is pure myth; after all, it did exist as a polit- ical entity and is taken as an axiom in the theological explanations of Muslim political life. This supra- national past makes it possible for Muslims to draw on a large corpus of his- torical works in order to retrieve human examples of Muslim resistance, especially within the colonial context. Keywords: ajiss; american; colonial; iqbal; islamic; jihad; muslim; nation; page; past; pdf; rise; social; trial; version; war; west; world
• ajiss-390 by None (None) - Unfortunately, Muslim scholars (traditional ulama) have done very little to advance the cause of Islam by coming up with new strategies to deal with such hadiths. Serious inquiry will not res- cue such hadiths, but it will put to rest hadiths of this type that have circu- lated for far too long. Keywords: ajiss; allah; criteria; god; hadith; islamic; literature; muhammad; muslim; page; pdf; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; scholars; social; sunnah; traditions; trial; trial version; version; women
• ajiss-393 by None (None) - Some expressions employed to achieve recon- ciliation are al-mufawadat (negotiations), al-hiwar al-sunni al-shi`i (the Sunni-Shi`i dialogue), and al-musarahah bi al-hikmah (stating the fact in a wise way). (Some sources of Muslim movements have used force and political violence to obtain certain political demands).17 Factual expressions also may include descriptions of a certain group’s Islamic per- spectives and practices by relating them to those factors that have influenced them, such as al-Islam al-hadithi (modernist Islam), al-Islam al-librali (lib- eral Islam), al-Islam al-`almani (secular Islam) and al-Islam al-mutasallit (authoritarian Islam). Keywords: conflicts; expressions; groups; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; implications; islamic; language; muslim; pdf; relations; representation; social; terms; trial; use; version
• ajiss-3935 by None (None) - Dolayısıyla, Müslüman dünyada dinin psikoloji içinde benimsenmesi ve kabul edilmesinde çok fazla ilerleme katedilmiş olmakla bir- likte, bu gelişmeler çoğunlukla, normalde seküler olan bir psikoloji paradigma- sına ! Bu hayırlı karşılaşma, Malcolm X’in geleneksel !slam’ı benimsemesi, Hacı Malik Shabazz’a dönüşmesi ve nihayetinde siyah Amerikalılardan oluşan bir ulusu ve tüm dünyayı dönüştürmesi için itici güç olacak sürekli bir dostluğa dönüştü. Keywords: aids; arapça; awaad; batı; batılı; başlığı; bedri; bedri’nin; bir; daha; doğru; duygusal; dünya; ilk; institute; international; islamic; için; i̇slami; journal; kendi; kitap; konusunda; kültürel; makale; malik; manevi; medical; muslim; müslüman; olan; olarak; onun; ortaya; profesör; psikologların; psikoloji; psikolojinin; psychiatry; psychologists; psychology; sayı; seküler; slami; social; son; sudan; türü; uluslararası; university; washington; yaptığı; yayının; yerli; yönelik; yılı; çok; şekilde
• ajiss-400 by None (None) - Muhammad al-Fadil ibn `Ashur, Al-Harakah al-Adabiyah wa al-Fikriyah fi Tunis (Tunis: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah li al-Nashr, 1983), 27-28; Ma`n Ziyadeh, Khayr al-Din wa Kitabuh Aqwam al-Masalik fi Ma`rifat Ahwal al-Mamalik (Beirut: al-Mu’assassah al-Jami`iyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 1405/1985), 36; Carl Brown, “Part One: An Appreciation of the Surest Path” (hereinafter in “An Appreciation”) in The Surest Path: The Political Treatise of a Nineteenth- century Muslim Statesman (hereinafter The Surest Path, being Brown’s English translation of Khayr al-Din’s Aqwam al-Masalik) (Cambridge, MA : Center for Middle Easter Studies, Harvard University, 1967), 25. 4. Other council members were Ibn Abi al-Diyaf and General Hussein, a stu- dent of Qabadu at the Bardo School and Khayr al-Din’s son-in-law; shaykhs al-Tayyib al-Nayfar, Muhammad al-Tahir ibn `Ashur, Muhammad al-`Aziz Bu`Attur, Salim BuHajib, `Umar ibn al-Sheikh; and other military and civil- ians figures. Keywords: abi al; ahmad; aqwam al; bey; brown; din; din al; european; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibid; ibn; islamic; khayr al; khaznadar; masalik; muhammad al; muslim; path; pdf; qabadu; reform; reformist; sciences; trial; tunisia; ulama; version
• ajiss-402 by None (None) - Makdisi mentions al-Khattabi along with the Hanbalite mystic al-Ansari al-Harawi (d. 481/1088), who wrote Dhamm al- Kalam (The Condemnation of Speculative Theology), and the Hanbalite Ibn Qudama (d. 620/1223), who authored Tahrim al-Nazar fi Kutub Ahl al-Kalam (Prohibiting the Study of Books Composed by Adherents of Speculative Theology). It is not surprising, therefore, that we find al-Khattabi’s scholarly out- put explicitly acknowledged and incorporated into the works of his numer- ous students, some of whom went on to become quite prominent: Abu Dharr al-Harawi (d. 435/1044), `Abd al-Ghafir al-Naysaburi (d. 448/1014), al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, and Abu `Ubayd al-Harawi (d. 401/1011). Keywords: abd; abd al; abu; abu dawud; book; dawud; hadith; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; ibn al; islamic; khattabi; knowledge; law; muhammad; muhammad ibn; muslim; pdf; scholars; shafi`i; state; sunan; traditions; trial; version
• ajiss-411 by None (None) - This is clearly reflected in the two representative treatises on money: those of al-Suyuti (d. 1506), written at the beginning of the century, and of al-Tumurtashi (d. 1598), written at its end. Thus, it focuses on al-Suyuti and al-Tumurtashi, as I could locate only their two exclusively monetary works. Keywords: century; coins; ful´s; gold; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibid; ibn; money; muslim; scholars; silver; thought
• ajiss-412 by None (None) - In 1976, he changed the movement’s name to the World Community of al-Islam in the West (WCIW). But the postulate that “Islam rejects the attribution of any human form to God,”101 while certainly true for virtually all articulations of Islam today, is demonstrably not true for all articulations – orthodox or sectarian – throughout Islam’s long history.102 If the reconstituted NOI could embrace the spirit and the goal of the “Third Resurrection,” it might just make itself again at least a participant in the discussion regarding a viable formulation of Black American Islam. Keywords: african; american; american islam; black; elijah; elijah muhammad; god; hanbal; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; ibn hanbal; islam; islamic; jackson; muhammad; muslim; nation; new; noi; pdf; sunni; theology; tradition; trial; version
• ajiss-413 by None (None) - Third, it also points to how many Muslims might choose to ask religious experts when facing a somewhat difficult problem on the road of Islamic governance. This could also be seen as an experiment in alternative development and non-state governance.4 Using a metaphorical approach with a special emphasis on the state and its monopoly of violence, notably its power to punish, I would argue that the kinds of governance needed for Muslims to maintain their Islamic inspira- tions should be soft governance. Keywords: governance; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; human; islam; islamic; life; metaphors; muslim; pdf; ship; state; stranger; trial; version; world
• ajiss-418 by None (None) - Introduction The emergence of Islamist movements throughout much of the Muslim world since the 1970s remains a source of tension and instability for the con- temporary international system. However, Islamist movements are unique in that they challenge the very nature of modern statehood and the organization of communal life. Keywords: action; frame; framing; ibid; ideology; islam; islamic; islamist; kepel; master; movement; muslim; nationalism; social; world
• ajiss-420 by None (None) - To the secularism of the West Islam opposes its notion of the sovereignty of God. Its adherents also forcefully assert that liberal Islam is authentic, not just merely a western creation, and therefore genuinely reflects the true Islamic tradition. Keywords: civilization; development; ibid; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; liberal; modernity; muslim; new; social; thought; ummah; west; world; worldview
• ajiss-423 by None (None) - This debate continues with vigor in the field of Islamic studies as a whole, and within Sufi studies, as will be discussed below. Sufi studies in North America may be characterized as the subfield of Islamic studies most engaged in bridge building and dialogue between the West and Islam,30 whereas some other subfields tend to be perceived by Muslims as the home of those who wish to chip away at confidence in Islam. Keywords: american; ibn; islam; islamic; language; muslim; nasr; new; press; religion; research; role; scholars; social; students; studies; study; sufi studies; sufism; university; work; world
• ajiss-424 by None (None) - Ahmad: Muslim Women’s Experiences 65 In many ways, these experiences contributed to their efforts to develop closer friendships with other Muslim women with whom a sense of shared solidarity could be enjoyed. By studying their experiences with higher education and its impact on their attitudes toward their religious and cultural identities, I argue that Muslim women and their families increasingly view higher edu- cation as a personal and social commodity and a means for upward social mobility. Keywords: ahmad; asian; education; experiences; home; identities; life; muslim; muslim women; people; social; south; students; university; women
• ajiss-425 by None (None) - Although non-Muslim students were not the only peers who minoritized Muslim women in terms of the dating culture, the dominant dating culture also pervaded minority Muslim spaces. Muslim women made sophisticated and critical choices among these, instead of accepting dictated solutions to their questions from others, whether Muslim or non-Muslim. Keywords: american; culture; dating; dominant; gender; heather; identity; majority; marriage; muslim; non; women
• ajiss-426 by None (None) - By higher Islamic education, I refer to higher education institutions specializing in Islamic traditional sciences or Islamic studies,1 as well as those that offer all sciences or knowledge from the Islamic perspective. Introduction The number of institutions of higher Islamic education or faculties of Islamic studies has increased greatly, especially since most Muslim coun- tries became independent. Keywords: curriculum; education; good; institutions; intellectualism; islamic; knowledge; muslim; philosophy; sciences; social; students; studies; teachers; thought; traditional; university
• ajiss-427 by None (None) - Efforts to recognize other caliphates also failed, as the general consensus was that if there were any desire among Muslims to recognize a new caliph, that honor would remain with the Turks.62 The end of Hussein and his caliphate, however, came not from Britain or any external source, but rather from his principal rival in the Arabian peninsula: Despite fears of Wahhabi Khan: The “Caliphate Question” 19 control over the Hejaz, it was apparent to the British that “the majority of [Indian] Moslems were so unfavorably disposed towards the Sherifian fam- ily” that Hashemite control over the area was considered relatively more repugnant than that of the House of Saud.73 If this were not enough, the Khi- lafat Committee made it clear in a very strongly worded telegram that under no circumstances would British Muslim opinion be favorable toward any non-Muslim intervention in the holy cities.74 Hussein was essentially spurned by the very power that had supported him throughout his war against the Ottomans. Keywords: arab; britain; british; caliphate; empire; hussein; india; islamic; muslim; office; ottoman; ottoman caliphate; ottoman empire; policy; sultan; support; war; world
• ajiss-429 by None (None) - Al-Masjid al-Haram was built by Abraham and Ishamel,93 and al-Masjid al-Aqsa was built by Solomon.94 There is a gap of several generations between these people. He tries to solve this problem by referring to an unsubstantiated story that Adam built the Ka`bah and one of his sons built al-Masjid al-Aqsa, thus making the time gap around forty years.101 Al-Tabarani and al-Khattabi also adopted this line of argu- ment. Keywords: abu; allah; hadith; ibn; kitab al; muslim; people; prophet; qur’an; sahih; saw; tradition; vol
• ajiss-433 by None (None) - In fact, he even says that we have to use the Qur’an to interpret its meaning: tafsir al-Qur’an bi al-Qur’an.44 Another assertion describes the preconditions of a true interpretation: The true Muslim in the judgment of the Qur’an is he Toward a Philosophical Approach of the Hermeneutics of the Qur’an 21 22 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 In his Kitab Jawahir al-Qur’an (Jewels of the Qur’an), al-Ghazali sum- marizes his doctrine of interpretation after being asked about the benefit of employing allegories in the Qur’an, since they embody, to some extent, clear indications of what is true and correct: Know that every benefit lies beyond these indications, for these are a sam- ple presented here in order that you may know by them the definition of the road to spiritual meanings of the invisible world through the traditional words, so that the doors of the unveiling of the meaning of the Qur’an may be opened [to you] and the methods of diving in their seas may be known.30 Rational and Modern Hermeneutics: Keywords: abduh; approach; ghazali; god; habermas; hermeneutics; interpretation; islam; meaning; muslim; qur’an; text; understanding
• ajiss-437 by None (None) - In contrast to the assertion made by some that Islamist thinkers were only affected by technological, rather than ideological, modernity, it seems that both al-Zawahiri and Esack are, ideologically, children of their time. In fact, although al-Zawahiri is an Islamist (namely, a member of a formal or infor- mal Islamic revivalist movement, characterized by the attempt to imple- ment Islamic values in all spheres of life) and Esack is a reformist Muslim, the two exhibit a similar awareness of modernity and its attendant problems. Keywords: esack; god; government; human; ibid; islamic; middle; modernity; muslim; power; state; subjectivity; world; zawahiri
• ajiss-439 by None (None) - Lütfi Pasha, who used this hadith to glorify the Ottoman dynasty, assumed that the most recent “renewers of the faith” were Osman Bey who, at the beginning of the eighth Islamic century, had restored Islam after the conquests of the pagan Mongols; Mehmed I (reigned 1413-21) who, at the beginning of the ninth Islamic century, had revived the faith after the destructions of Timur; and Selim I (reigned 1512-20) who, at the beginning of the tenth Islamic century, had defeated the Safavid “infidel,” Shah Isma`il, and upheld the Shari`ah.63 46 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 According to M. Es’ad, apart from those mentioned above, Sultan Mahmud II is the mujaddid of the laws of Islam by virtue of renewing mat- ters relating to religion, the imperial council (divan), the scribe (kalemiya), and the army (sayfiya) at the beginning of the thirteenth Islamic century.64 There is no doubt that Mahmud II was the renewer of the laws of Islam (mujaddid al-qawanin al-Islam) and of the pillar the state (al-arkan al- dawlah).65 Here again, the title sought to respond to the public’s resentment of the reforms; in other words, Mahmud II cleared the way for a new path for the Ottoman Empire by renewing the old Ottoman system. For instance, in 1829 during a Friday prayer attended by Shaykh al-Islam Abdulwahhab Efendi and other state dignitaries, a strange dervish cursed the shaykh al-Islam, accusing him 40 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 of influencing the sultan to adopt false rites.25 Another dervish, Shaykh Sachli, stopped Mahmud II on the road and shouted at him: “Infidel sultan! Keywords: abdulwahhab; army; caliph; efendi; empire; god; ibn; islamic; istanbul; khulasa; mahmud; mahmud ii; muslim; ottoman; reforms; ruler; state; sultan; time; tradition; ulama; university; virtue; westernization
• ajiss-442 by None (None) - This is most clearly displayed through the Han Kitab, the canonized cor- pus of Chinese Islamic texts written, approximately, during Kristian Petersen is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Washington in the Near and Middle Eastern Studies program. As a result, some Muslim literati established the “scrip- ture hall education” (jingtang jiaoyu) system, which featured an Islamic canon made up of Arabic, Persian, and Chinese works.2 The Han Kitab, the collective name of this corpus of Chinese Islamic texts that is unique in the history of Islamic literature,3 was produced by a group of self-identified Con- fucian Muslim scholars (Huiru).4 This is the first instance of Muslims writing major expositions in the language of a predominantly non-Muslim society.5 Keywords: authors; benite; china; chinese; community; dao; education; han; identity; islamic; kitab; knowledge; language; literati; literature; muhammad; muslim; network; new; system; texts
• ajiss-443 by None (None) - According to Benite, the Han Kitab ultimately made up the basic cur- riculum of Chinese Muslim education in late imperial China. The problems that Ma Jian identified for Chinese Muslim education in both traditional Muslim education systems and in modern public education reflect the tension between the Muslim minority and the Han majority, rather than the new tension raised between the Islamic tradition and “western” modernity. Keywords: arabic; china; chinese; education; intellectuals; islam; islamic; jian; ma jian; muslim; nation; new; social; state
• ajiss-446 by None (None) - Yusuf al-Sharuni (Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyyah al-Bananiyah, 1999). 26. Yusuf al-Sharuni (Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyyah al-Bananiyah, 1999). Keywords: ahmad; arabic; biruni; book; hind; hindus; ibn; indian; intellectual; islamic; kitab al; lawrence; literature; medieval; milal; muhammad; muslim; people; philosophy; religion; sachau; scholars; sects; shahrastani; social; study; traditions; university; wa al; works; world
• ajiss-451 by None (None) - Saiful Muzani, another JIL activist, offered a formulation of three different but related attitudes of JIL activists: theological/philosophical, sociological/ social, and political. The young intellectuals, many of whom were not yet in their 40s, who decided to call themselves representatives of “liberal Islam” began their studies of religion at Indonesian-style Islamic boarding schools (pesantren).24 However, the educational background of JIL activists varies. Keywords: activists; ali; american; example; fundamentalist; indonesia; islam liberal; islamic; jakarta; jil; liberal; movement; muslim; network; new; people; politics; public; religion; rise; social; ulil; university
• ajiss-460 by None (None) - Despite the fact that patriarchy subalternized western women within metropolitan societies, feminist Orientalists spread the common impression that just as western/European society is superior to African/Asian society, and just as western men are superior to eastern men, in the same way west- ern/white women are superior to black/Asian women. Besides, I am told, your Asiatic beauties are the most convenient women alive, for they have no souls; positively there is nothing in nature I should like so much as ladies without souls; soul, here, is the utter ruin of half of the sex.18 Although western women were not treated any better by western men, as “the Victorian age’s official method of viewing women” reduced “them Hasan: The Orientalization of Gender 31 to body, to possession, to physical object,”19 the colonial presence made native women more vulnerable, as they were objectified and commodified along with other colonial spoils. Keywords: christian; colonial; cultural; culture; eastern; european; feminist; gender; ibid; imperialism; islamic; muslim; orientalism; orientalization; social; societies; victorian; west; women; world
• ajiss-491 by None (None) - Part I examines prayer and pilgrimage and includes chapters on ṣalāt, dhikr, and ḥajj. Part III takes the reader into the realm of life cycle rituals with chapters on birth, wedding, and funeral/ death rituals. Keywords: american; chapter; islam; muslim; practice
• ajiss-497 by None (None) - The study exam- ines and compares their everyday experiences, the elder brother’s reasons and motivations for migrating to Britain, and the younger brother’s deci- sion to stay in postcolonial Hong Kong; their attitudes toward the host 2 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:1 government and society; and their distinctive interpretation of Islam as a religion and a way of life. He is also critical of the local Chinese Muslims in postcolonial Hong Kong. Keywords: ahmed; asian; british; chinese; colonial; community; hermit; hong kong; islam; islamic; life; muslim; people; radical; southeast
• ajiss-498 by None (None) - Abstract This essay analyzes the major political, military, and adminis- trative institutions of al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) and explains how they gave a sense of unity to the Abode of Islam (dar al- Islam) by replicating the same institutions used in the East (al- Mashriq). The military institutions (e.g., jund, thughur, and husun) helped to keep Muslim Spain safe from enemy attacks, both Christian and Muslim, and to suppress all revolts, while the political institutions enabled the authorities to keep al-Andalus unified, levy taxes, administer the cities (sahib al-madinah), supervise the markets (sahib al-suq), and, finally, to administer the region’s provinces (kuwar). Keywords: abd al; amir; andalus; army; emirate; españa; guzmán; iberian; ibn; information; institutions; islamic; lévi; marín; military; muslim; musulmana; new; passim; peninsula; provençal; social; sources; spain; system; time
• ajiss-500 by None (None) - In the process, Islam is implicated, by default, through three interconnected issues that are driving the dis- course of 9/11: global security, the imperatives of modernity, and the reassessment of Islam. Islam is symbolized either in terms of a politics of confrontation or of cooptation. Keywords: 9/11; cultural; culture; discourse; faith; god; islam; meaning; modernity; muslim; new; politics; public; qur’an; religion; symbols; terrorism
• ajiss-501 by None (None) - See Muhammad Salim al-’Awwa, Fi al-Nizam al-Siyasi li al-Dawlah al- Islamiyah (Cairo: al-Maktab al-Misri al-Hadith, 1983). See `Ali `Abd al-Raziq, Al- Ijma` fi al-Shari`ah al-Islamiyah (Dar al-Fikr al-`Arabi, 1948), 6. 60. Keywords: american; constitutionalism; government; ijtihad; islamic; law; muslim; power; principles; qur’an; rights; rule; scholars; shari`ah; social; state; university; words
• ajiss-502 by None (None) - For details about al-Urwat al-Wuthqa, see `Imarah, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, 254-62; Ahmad F. B. ash-Shawabkah, “Mashru` al-Jami`ah al-Islamiyah fi Fikr Jamal al-Din al-Afghani” Both were secret and anti- colonialist, but while al-Urwat al-Wuthqa fought British rule in Egypt and India, the Arab League Society was an alliance to prevent the predicted foreign domination of Arabia. Keywords: abduh; afghani; arab; caliphate; details; din al; egypt; empire; islamic; jamal al; league; movement; muhammad; muslim; ottoman; reform; rida; sultan
• ajiss-510 by None (None) - Anti-Islamophobia Education as Transformative Pedadogy: Reflections from the Educational Front Lines Jasmin Zine Zine: Anti-Islamophobia Education 111 Keywords: education; islamophobia; muslim; racism; social; students; toronto; women; zine
• ajiss-511 by None (None) - Khaek means literally “guest,” but has since long also been used to refer to people of Indian or Middle Eastern descent, as well as Malay Muslims. A correct appreciation of the apparently antagonistic situa- tion in southern Thailand further requires an excursion into the issue of eth- nicity as it pertains to frontiers between different culture zones, such as Thailand’s south. Keywords: asia; bangkok; central; education; government; indonesian; islam; islamic; journal; malay; malay nationalism; muslim; nationalism; new; pattani; pitsuwan; press; sciences; social; society; southeast; southern; studies; surin; thailand; university; world
• ajiss-513 by None (None) - Al-Tabari, Ta’rikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk, 2:1018 (Leiden ed.); Al-Baghdadi, Al-Farq bayna al-Firaq, passim; Al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 4B:90-94; Ibn al-Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Ta’rikh, 4:365-67 and 4:437-39 (Leiden-Beirut ed.); Ibn Rustah, Kitab al-A`laq al-Nafisah, ed. However, al-Nadim, in his Kitab al-Fihrist, affirmed that al-Hasan al-Basri had some loyalty to `Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ash`ath.77 Thus, shortly after Ibn al-Ash`ath’s defeat by the Syrian troops, al-Hasan al-Basri went to al- Hajjaj who, according to al-Nadim, rebuked him and then granted al-Hasan al-Basri the pardon. Keywords: abbasid; abd al; akhbar al; arab; de al; esp; fi al; guzmán; hajjaj; hasan al; ibn al; iraq; islam; islamic; khurasan; kitab al; leiden; marín; muslim; passim; qutaybah; revolution; social; ta’rikh al; tribal; tribes; umayyad; wa al; ya`qubi; yusuf al
• ajiss-517 by None (None) - Judged by the criteria of CL and PR, as applied by the Freedom House Survey of 1998, the performance of Muslim countries appears to be equally disastrous. The active role of innumerable voluntary organizations, NGOs, and Christian missionary activities in providing disaster relief to Muslim countries should make us ashamed. Keywords: countries; democracy; development; freedom; growth; human; islamic; level; muslim; power; social; society; strategy; ummah; unity; world
• ajiss-518 by None (None) - Human dignity, as understood in international human rights and its Islamic counterpart, thus could form the jus cogens of international law, a common human her- itage upon which everybody can agree. Human dignity, as under- stood in international human rights and its Islamic counterpart, could form a jus cogens of international law, a common human heritage upon which everyone can agree. Keywords: american; dignity; ibid; international; intervention; islamic; issue; law; muslim; people; rights; scholars; social; universal
• ajiss-543 by None (None) - As problematic as the epistemological grounding of the integration of knowledge paradigm is the implication that ethics derives only from a revealed or Qur’anic world-view. This provides an excellent account of the thinking behind the attempt to bring knowledge and its acquisition into confor- mity with principles of Islam as well as for replacing the Islamization of knowledge paradigm with the new one outlined in this volume. Keywords: education; henzell; integration; islamic; knowledge; muslim; new; paradigm; sardar; thomas
• ajiss-548 by None (None) - This is problematic because the acceptance of an “ideal-type” Muslim by wider American society has overshadowed the variation in race, ethnicity, nationality, and religiosity that exists in American Muslim communities. The backlash against Muslim American communities after 9/11 “led to the emergence of new leaders, especially among the second-generation who created new organizations to fill in existing gaps [in the community organizaing efforts of first-generation immigrants and native-born Muslim Americans].”14 Keywords: american; building; class; communities; community; faith; generation; identities; islam; islamophobia; masjids; muslim; new; new york; non; women; york
• ajiss-549 by None (None) - Each vignette discussed involved Blackamerican Muslims reaching out to, and promoting bridges with, American Muslims of all backgrounds. Three ethnographic vignettes developed here—a masjid fundraiser, the work of two chaplains, and a political collec- tive—demonstrate that Blackamerican Muslims scholars and lead- ers are not only disrupting this discursive project, but also under- mining negative portrayals of Muslims and Islam more broadly. Keywords: aiyub; allah; blackamerican; blackamerican muslims; community; good; imam; imam musa; immigrant; islam; islamic; jawad; leaders; masjid; musa; muslim; new; people; scholars; social; york
• Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World, 2nd ed. By Jonathan A.C. Brown, London: Oneworld Publications, 2018. 353 pages. by Zayd, Abu (2019.0) - For instance, he compares the mutations that can creep into ḥadīth wordings to a game of telephone; Muʿ- jam/Thabt works to the effective CVs of ḥadīth scholars; and the isnād-seek- ing culture to collectors of rare coins who are not concerned with the coins’ original value or authenticity but how rare they were. When they did occur, ḥadīth scholars were well equipped to deal with them and they readily did so in practical ways, all of which reinforces our confidence in the overall craft. Keywords: brown; chapter; muslim; prophet; reports; scholars; sunni; tradition; ḥadīth
• Young Muslim America: Faith, Community, and Belonging By Muna Ali (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 360 pages.) by Rashid, Hussein (2019.0) - This complication in how we perceive of cul- ture talk adds nuance to American Muslim narratives. She sums up a broad range of issues and community self-perceptions in this debate, which she then leverages into addressing other debates in American Muslim communities, including questions of race and gender. Keywords: ali; chapter; muslim
• New Directions in Islamic Education: Pedagogy and Identity Formation By Abdullah Sahin (Markfield: Kube Publishing, 2013. 305 pages.) by DeCuir, Amaarah (2019.0) - Although each on their own offers relevance to a greater understand- ing of the Muslim community, New Directions in Islamic Education juxta- 87 poses contemporary experiences of British youth with classical pedagogical methods of religious education to demonstrate the urgent need for “new directions” in Islamic education, all toward the challenges of educating Muslim youth in minoritized, western contexts. By the end of the section, Sahin asserts that the failure of Islamic education to meaningfully respond to Muslim youth’s pursuit of religious identity in a secular context will render Islamic schools, curricu- lum, and teaching methods futile. Keywords: education; identity; islamic; muslim; sahin
• Longing for the Lost Caliphate: A Transregional History By Mona Hassan (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. 409 pages.) by Young, Alden (2019.0) - Chapter Five argues that it was this very opening, without the possibility of immediate closure, that made it so difficult for Muslim communities to reconstitute a Caliphate in the twentieth century. By demonstrating that the violent end of the Abbasid Caliphate reverberated for hundreds of years, Hassan argues that the Muslim community is still experiencing the aftermath of the fateful events of March 3, 1924. Keywords: caliphate; hassan; muslim
• Islam in English by Ogunnaike, Oludamini; Rustom, Mohammed (2019.0) - Such an endeavor should not be limited to prose works of philosophy, ethics, and spirituality—one of the most characteristic features and glo- ries of the literatures of Islamic languages around the world is their poet- ry. Islamic English should not have a tension between “speaking to peo- ple in a language which they can understand” and speaking in a language which conforms to the Quranic worldview and reflects the beauty of its meanings. Keywords: arabic; chinese; english; islamic; language; muslim; new; press; thought; university; works
• Research Handbook on Islamic Law and Society : By Nadirsyah Hosen, ed. (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. 485 pages.) by Abdelgawwad, Ossama (2019.0) - It brings together the study of Islamic legal discourse with historical, anthropological, and sociological research on Islamic law. Such an approach shows that the ‘right’ answer in one country is not necessarily the ‘right’ solution in another Muslim community, which explains the diverse application of Islamic law. Keywords: function; islamic; law; muslim
• Speaking Qurʼan: An American Scripture (by Timur R. Yuskaev) by Correri, Nicole (2019.0) - At the seminary he directs the program for American Muslim Chap- lains and also co-edits the Muslim World journal. Yuskaev contends that each of these intellectuals, while representing diverse American Muslim discourses, was highly influential in American Islam from the Immigration Act of 1965 to the first decade after 9/11. Keywords: american; islam; muslim; qur’an; yuskaev; yusuf
• The Muslim Brotherhood: The Arab Spring and Its Future Face (by Beverley Milton-Edwards) by Sofi, Mohammad Dawood (2019.0) - These chapters also accentuate that these movements in many respects were sharply at variance with the Muslim Brotherhood organization. In this regard, a major role was played by Sayyid Qutb, commonly known as a “leading radical Islamist ideologue influencing not only sections of the Muslim Brotherhood but also other radical Sunni jihadi movements” (23). Keywords: brotherhood; egypt; muslim; organization
• Modern Things on Trial: Islam’s Global and Material Reformation in the Age of Rida, 1865-1935 By Leor Halevi (New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. 378 pages.) by Anchassi, Omar (2019.0) - For Riḍā’s fulsome praise of Qaṣīmī’s Wahhābī polemic Kitāb al-Burūq al-na- jdiyya fī Iktisāḥ al-ẓulamāt al-Dijawiyya, see al-Manār, vol. Leor Halevi’s formidable monograph on the fatāwā of Rashīd Riḍā (d. 1354/1935) in al-Manār is thus precisely what one would hope for in the study of this much maligned Islamic legal instrument.2 Keywords: halevi; islamic; muslim; riḍā
• Latina Muslim Producers of Online and Literary Countermedia: A Case Study in Union City - New Jersey by Avivi, Yamil (2019.0) - Cultural Knowledge Production as Countermedia Scholars have written about the ways in which Muslim women like Nahela Morales and Wendy Diaz are defining their positionality through cultural production that complicates the flattening of American Muslim women through media (mis)representations. I refer to them as “countermedia agents” because their cultural and feminist works offer alternative understandings of being a present-day Latina Muslim convert while challenging dominant discourses and simplified representations of Latina Muslim culture and identity. Keywords: american; children; city; community; diaz; hablamos; hijab; identity; islam; islamic; latina; media; morales; muslim; new; spanish; union; women
• Scholarship and Social Engagement: Reflecting on the Career of Sulayman Nyang by Safi, Louay (2019.0) - One remarkable example of a scholar who brought both unity and enlightenment by combining scholarship with social engagement and ac- tivism is that of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari played a decisive role in bringing about a far-reaching social transformation that brought social peace and unity. Keywords: american; islam; islamic; muslim; public; scholarship; social; sulayman
• Radical Skin, Moderate Masks: De-radicalising the Muslim and Racism in Post-racial Societies by Iqbal, Basit Kareem (2019.0) - The Muslims may be ignorant, wounded, or stupid, trapped by that history, but true Islam is not defined by it. The pursuit of authenticity is the quintessen- tial modern malaise, and is conducted in various idioms; as modernists, such reformers defend true Islam from those they call “extremists” on the one hand and “postmodernists” (and, recently, “feminists”) on the other. Keywords: book; islam; masks; morsi; muslim
• Islam and Psychology: Research Approaches and Theoretical and Practical Implications by Nayman, Sibel (2022.0) - To address this fundamental question at the level of a conference for the first time in continental Europe, the Islamic Association of Social and Educational Professions (IASE) brought together a group of approx- imately 65 Muslim students, counselors, therapists, psychiatrists, and Islamic theologians from across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in Frankfurt am Main on April 6, 2019. Finally, he derived three recommendations for the future work of mental health professionals and Islamic theologians: (a) fard ‘ayn: patients and 192  Keywords: germany; health; islamic; muslim; psychology; psychotherapy
• Islamist Exegesis of Q 3:110: The Islamic Doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect by Wheeler, Brannon (2020.0) - Muʿammar al-Qadhdhāfī, al-Naẓariyya al-thālitha (Tripoli: al-Ittiḥād al-Ish- ritākī al-ʿArabī, n.d.). 34. Qadhdhāfī, al-Naẓariyya al-thālitha. 35. Keywords: 3:110; american; community; doctrine; exegesis; god; hijra; ibn; islam; islamic; islamist; journal; muhammad; muslim; people; prophet; q 3:110; refugees; society; wheeler; world
• Christian Martyrs Under Islam: Religious Violence and the Making of the Muslim World by Christian C. Sahner by Rafiq, Tayyaba (2020.0) - Christian Sahner’s Christian Martyrs Under Islam attempts the first holistic account of Christian martyrs in Islam’s early history (the seventh to the ninth cen- turies) alongside investigating the role violence played in shaping Islamic dominance within the region. Their production of the highest number of neo-martyr works and their links to Byzantium suggested their aversion to being subjected to a new elite, alongside their own political and religious decline. Keywords: christian; islamic; muslim; sahner
• The Dissemination and Implementation of Islam within the African American Community by Rahman, Rafiqur (2021.0) - Of course the American Census Bureau categories upon which these problematic classifications are based are polemical and are racially contested within the United States.21 African American Muslims reconstructed “Islam as a reli- gion and civilization of resistance to Euro-American imperialism and anti-Black racism,” and, as a result, Black Islam as a discrete Muslim religion began historically manifesting itself within the African American community and consciousness as a monotheistic faith tradition theo-historically capable of manumitting African American Christians from their transatlantic slave trade past.22 Many non-African immigrant Muslim communities are blithely unaware of the African American narrative concerning historical respectability, consciousness, and justice within the United States. By so doing, Black Islam theo-historically acknowledges the non-European particularity of their own idiosyncratic religion, culture, race, consciousness, social imaginary, community, and ethnicity by resurrecting an erased tribal ancestral name, mem- bership, and identity associated with their suppressed African Muslim forebears.58 Yahya Monastra aptly illustrates how the lexemic and etymological association, meanings, and connota- tions associated with the mindful and conscientious selection of one’s Islamic religious identity, membership. Keywords: african; american; black; community; consciousness; e d; e r; e t; h e; identity; islam; islamic; m e; muslim; n d; n j; r n; religion; s e; states; united; white
• From the Sacred Canopy to the Haunted Vault: Understanding Secularism from within Islam by Anjum, Ovamir (2017.0) - To use one of Taylor’s ty- Editorial xiii pologies—and he offers more than one—secularism could be philosophical, which is the same as atheism; it could be social, which means the decline of indicators such as church attendance and ritual significance in social norms and relations; and finally, there is political secularism. The logic of why French laïcité functions differently from American secularism cannot be understood as if secularism were no more than a volume on a CD player that could be turned up to yield an “assertive” French secularism or down to furnish a “passive” American or Canadian one.11 Rather, as Asad, Agrama, and others have shown, secularism functions through and is the ide- ology of the modern nation-state, which asserts its sovereign authority by en- acting the requisite separations in order to protect the public sphere or public order from the competing authority of religious claims. Keywords: american; god; islamic; journal; knowledge; life; muslim; religion; sciences; secularism; social; state; taylor; tradition; university; world
• Facts, Values, and Institutions: Notes on Contemporary Islamic Legal Debate by Caeiro, Alexandre (2017.0) - Also, consider the following neologisms used in titles of contemporary Arabic Islamic legal works: al-‘alāqāt al-dawlīyah (international relations), al-waṭan wa al-muwāṭanah (the nation and citizenship), al-aqallīyāt al-dīnīyah (religious minorities), al- tanmīyah al-waṭanīyah (national development), al-niẓām al-iqtiṣādī (the eco- nomic system), al-shakhṣīyah al-i‘tibārīyah (legal personality), al-takāful al-ijtimā‘ī (social solidarity), al-niẓām al-‘āmm (public order), thaqāfat al- dā‘iyah (the preacher’s culture), al-sa‘ādat al-usarīyah (family happiness), and shakhṣīyat al-muslim (the Muslim personality). Madārik al-Naẓr fī al-Siyāsah bayna al-Tatbiqāt al-Shara‘īyah wa al-Infi’ālāt al- Ḥamāsīyah. Keywords: american; concept; contemporary; discourse; fatwas; fiqh al; institutions; islamic; journal; knowledge; law; modern; muslim; new; political; press; qaradawi; realism; reality; scholars; sciences; state; thought; tradition; university; wa al; west; world; wāqi
• The Muslimah Who Fell to Earth: Personal Stories by Canadian Muslim Women by Saima S. Hussain, ed. (Toronto: Mawenzi House, 2016. 181 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2017.0) - Among these people are Re, whose disappointment with negative media coverage about her native Afghanistan has made her question Canada; Evans, who worries that the country’s diversity and toler- ance that she appreciates is being undermined by anti-Muslim bigotry; and Hashim, who wonders if her admiration of Canadian freedom is being un- dercut by Islamophobia to the point where she and her children will no longer be safe. 181 pages. Prompted by a chance encounter with a colleague who had commented that Samia Hussain was the only Muslimah she knew – in a city in which about 12% of the population is Muslim –the author reached out across Canada to as- semble an edited collection of autobiographical essays by Canadian Mus- limahs: The Muslimah Who Fell to Earth: Personal Stories by Canadian Muslim Women. Keywords: canada; canadian; muslim; stories
• Debates on Civilization in the Muslim World: Critical Perspectives on Islam and Modernity by Lutfi Sunar, ed. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017. 434 pages.) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2017.0) - Part 1, “Defining and Discussing Civilization,” consists of three chapters, by Anthony Pagden, Lutfi Sunar, and Mustafa Demirici, respec- tively, that review, analyze, and discuss definitions of civilization and modernity and their “Eurocentric” understandings. In the Introduction, “Debates on Civilization, Islam, and Modernity: Some Critical Perspectives on the Current Agenda” (pp. 1-25), Sunar pres- ents deep insights into the terms and issues of civilization, Islamic civiliza- tion, civilization in the Muslim world, and the future of civilization in the non-Western world, as well as contextualizes the various chapters within the broader perspective. Keywords: civilization; muslim; world
• Theologies and Ethics of Justice: New Directions for Islamic Thought in the 21st Century by Willoughby, Jay (2017.0) - She concluded by exploring the possibilities and limits of achieving gender justice within an Islamic framework and contended that female activists have contributed to creating religious knowledge that is bridging the gap between Islamic jurisprudence and gender justice. Said F. Hassan’s “Doctrine of al-walāʾ wa al-barāʾ: “The Formation of Paraolel Spaces of Belief and Humanity – the Normative Discourse” main- tained that al-walāʾ wa al-barāʾ (loyalty and disavowal) has become one of the main contesting concepts in modern Islamic thought and legal discourse. Keywords: education; islamic; justice; muslim; qur’an; thought; university
• Sixteen Years of Appreciative Conversation: The Building Bridges Seminar in Retrospect by Mosher, Lucinda (2017.0) - As of this writing, plans for a seventeenth Building Bridges Seminar are underway. Participants have re- ported that Building Bridges has changed how they teach and how they “do theology,” and also influenced their research and writing. Keywords: bridges; building; christian; muslim; seminar; university
• Interview with Talal Asad by Anjum, Ovamir (2018.0) - Friendship, as you know very well, is a central value in Islamic tradition. You seem to have been interested in Islamic tradition increasingly since the 1980s, when you wrote Genealogies. Keywords: american; asad; ibn; islamic; law; muslim; people; politics; reason; sharia; social; state; taymiyya; things; tradition; way
• Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety By Faegheh Shirazi (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. 281 pages.) by Arjana, Sophia R. (2018.0) - The chapter provides a rich discussion of halal foods and the economy surrounding these products, including issues of manufacturing and trans- port. As Shirazi points out, “Fewer than fifty years ago, no one voiced particular concerns or much consideration of halal products. Keywords: chapter; halal; islam; muslim; shirazi
• Us Versus Them: The United States, Radical Islam, and the Rise of the Green Threat By Douglas Little (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. xiii+328 pages.) by Green, Todd (2018.0) - The election of Barack Obama marked a new direction in US policy. The intersection of Islamophobia and US foreign policy has attracted con- siderable scholarly attention since 9/11. Keywords: little; muslim; policy; threat
• Muhammad’s Heirs:: The Rise of Muslim Scholarly Communities, 622-950 By Jonathan E. Brockopp (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 248 pages.) by Ali, Abdullah Bin Hamid (2018.0) - The lack of ideological coherence had very much to do with the fact that Muslim scholarly communities only crystallized after the early ninth century (21). If scholarly communities did not exist during the prophetic era, then to translate ‘ulama’ as “scholars” instead of merely “the learned” is anachro- nistic. Keywords: brockopp; muslim; scholars
• Muslim Cosmopolitanism: Southeast Asian Islam in Comparative Perspective By Khairudin Aljunied (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. 240 pages.) by Lawrence, Bruce B. (2018.0) - That these states [Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia] have yet to be- come responsible cosmopolitan states is unsurprising given that the very notion of cosmopolitanism runs contrary to what most states stand for. The author repeatedly returns to the importance of engaging, and valu- ing, non-Muslims, so much so that when in Part III he addresses the dif- ficult challenge of Islam politik (or political Islam), he follows Azyumardi in seeing it as an external challenge to the true core of tolerant or inclusive 101 Islam (90). Keywords: cosmopolitanism; islam; muslim; nusantara; state
• Veiled Superheroes: Islam, Feminism, and Popular Culture By Sophia Rose Arjana (with Kim Fox) (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017. 178 pages.) by Shapley, Sarah (2018.0) - Chapter 1, “Muslim Women in Popular Culture,” gives an overview of the discourse around Muslim women. The chapter explores how Oriental- ism has influenced the presentation of Muslim women, particularly noting how Muslim women lose agency in all discussions. Keywords: arjana; muslim
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2018.0) - In Chi- na, Uighur Muslim men are being exterminated, held in torture and brain- washing camps, while their women are forced to cohabitate with Chinese men.2 In short, Muslim scholars and academics who manage to keep their faith and their wits about must work in a world that seems to be closing in. Keywords: faith; muslim; scholars; social; solidarity; women; world
• Shaykh Google as Ḥāfiẓ al-ʿAṣr: The Internet, Traditional ʿUlamā’, and Self Learning by Hamdeh, Emad (2020.0) - Muṣṭafā al-Sibaaʿī, al-Sunna wa Makānatuhā fī al-Tashrīʿ al-Islāmī (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī; Cairo: Darussalam, 2006), 367. 112. Indeed, it was al-Albānī’s writings through al-Maktab al-Islāmī that attracted the at- tention of leading Salafis in Saudi Arabia such as the former mufti ʿAbd al-Azīz b. Bāz (d. 1999). Keywords: abū; american; authority; education; internet; islam; islamic; journal; knowledge; learning; media; muslim; new; people; press; scholars; scripture; shaykh; society; student; teacher; texts; traditionalists; university; world; ʿulamāʾ; ḥadīth
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2018.0) - All are refugees from East Turkestan, a nation that’s been under the occu- pation of China since 1949 and what Chinese government calls Xinjiang (meaning new territory). In a report two weeks ago, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination expressed alarm at the “numerous reports of detention of large numbers of ethnic Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities held incommunicado and often for long periods, without being charged or tried, under the pretext of countering terrorism and religious extremism.” Keywords: camps; china; east; government; islamic; muslim; turkestan; uyghur
• The Alchemy of Domination, 2.0?1 A Response to Professor Kecia Ali by Jackson, Sherman A. (2018.0) - For example, Ali criticizes the fact that the cover of Islam and the Blackamerican pictures a sea of Nation of Islam women decked out in formal religious garb, while the book itself does not focus on the topic of Muslim women. The very idea, in other words, that “experience” (or perspective) could some- how be ‘transcended’ or removed from interpretive processes is exactly what enables Muslim men to present their articulations as objective truth, leaving Muslim women to labor with “texts” and other synthetic “proofs,” as if these were the sole and actual basis of men’s ‘interpretations’. Keywords: ali; authority; blackamerican; domination; experience; fact; female; gender; islam; islamic; muslim; perspective; point; professor; professor ali; scholars; tradition; wadud; women; work
• Muslim Intellectual Deficit: The Scriptural Foundation of Islamic Cosmology By Tauseef Ahmad Parray (Jammu & Kashmir: Idara Matbu’at-e-Talaba, 2018. 109 pages.) by Hussain, Ashaq (2019.0) - The main purpose for mentioning these institutions is to explore the possibility of emulating their activities elsewhere and so contributing to a full-fledged revival of Islamic knowledge. Islamic contributions to the promotion of knowledge and learning are noteworthy. Keywords: intellectual; islamic; knowledge; muslim
• Polygyny: What It Means When African American Muslim Women Share Their Husbands By Debra Majeed (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2015. 193 pages.) by Abdullah, Keilani (2017.0) - Additionally, this work confronts the stereo- types and dispels the myths of Muslim women as victimized, without agency, and circumscribed by male authority. At the crux of this work is an exploration of the unique challenges and opportunities that polygyny presents for American Muslim women. Keywords: american; muslim; polygyny; women
• Shari’a in the Modern Era: Muslim Minorities Jurisprudence By Iyad Zahalka (trans. Ohad Stadler and Cecilia Sibony) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 224 pages.) by Panjwani, Imranali (2017.0) - Al-Alwani opposes the claim that fiqh al-aqalliyyāt is based on needs and necessities because it is not enough to accept religious tradition at face value or to amend laws in accordance with uṣūl al-fiqh. If it is something more than just examining the needs and necessities of individuals, then fiqh al-aqalliyyāt becomes a very different jurisprudential system altogether. Keywords: fiqh; law; muslim; shari’a
• The (Un)Substantiated in Dan Diner’s Interpretations of the Islamic World’s “Backwardness” by Karić, Enes (2017.0) - This re- port, or rather its data, as well as the data from the 2003 Arab Human Development Report, directly and initially served as the basis from which Diner deduced almost all of his conclusions on the “reactionism of the Arab and Muslim world,” on its incomprehensible and “stubborn” abidance by the “sacred” in the time of science, advancement, progress, and secularism. Dan Diner, Lost in the Sacred: Why the Muslim World Stood Still (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009). 4. Keywords: ajiss34; alphabet; arab; arabic; book; countries; dan; der; diner; europe; history; ibid; islam; islamic; modernity; muslim; page; qur’an; sacred; time; und; university; west; world
• IIIT Intellectual Panels by Elaradi, Hadeel (2017.0) - Abubaker Al-Shingieti (executive director, IIIT) introduced IIIT’s mis- sion and commitment to creating programs that encourage professional de- velopment for both imams and Muslim community leaders and noted several other responsibilities of a community leader, including “the legal contexts, the political environment, social-cultural factors and variables, these are im- portant elements that in many ways influence, if not determine, the educa- tional needs for our imams and community leaders, in the American context.” Zahid Bukhari (former national president, ICNA; director, American Muslim Studies Program; fellow, Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University) spoke about the pressures of keeping up with other religious leadership systems, looking at the mosque’s overall management and the types of imams required, and training imams and community leaders to communicate competently on generational, gender, ethnic, and all other is- sues. Keywords: children; community; iiit; islamic; muslim
• Muslim Scholars’ Take on the Negative Consequences of “Terrorism” by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2016.0) - In his exploration of this topic, Paya argues that many fuqahā’ and other scholars have not fully appreciated why Muslim scholars like al-Farabi and al-Ghazzali classified fiqh within the category of “applied sciences.” In spite of the Prophet’s categorical explana- tion above, one version in al-Bukhari includes a comment by Mujahid, a Fol- lower scholar who might have been unaware of the version that contains the Prophet’s explanation, suggesting that there may be an exception for a perpe- trator who “regretted” (illā man nadim) his actions. Keywords: extremists; islamic; killing; muslim; people; terrorism
• Medina in Birmingham; Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam By Innes Bowen (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2014. 230 pages) by Masterton, Rebecca (2016.0) - 230 pages Medina in Birmingham; Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam by Innes Bowen seeks to explain to a mainly non-Muslim readership the complexities and nu- ances of different Muslim groups that have come to live in Britain since the 1950s. It in- cludes, as some criteria of whether Muslims are “moderate” or not and can therefore be trusted or not, the issue of loyalty to the monarchy (Does that also make non-Muslim anti-monarchist Britons suspect?); the degree of secularism and support for secular society (What about all the British Christians who feel that they are under attack from hard-line secularists?), and whether there is the 110 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:1 ajiss33-1_ajiss 12/30/2015 12:59 PM Keywords: book; bowen; britain; british; muslim
• Islam in Pakistan: A History by Muhammad Qasim Zaman by Zayd, Abu (2020.0) - In the end, for him, Islamic groups fall under three broad umbrellas: traditionalist (those who appeal to the authority of past tradition, in however broad a sense), modernist (those who oppose formal religious authority and ad- vocate applying the spirit of the Qurʾān and Sunnah to the challenges of modern life in a more adaptable way), and Islamist (those who advocate affirming God’s sovereignty in all areas of life with an emphasis on the po- litical arena). The institutional and so- cio-political prominence of the ʿulamāʾ is also a constant—as opposed to how they fared in other Muslim states—as is the persistent failure of the government to significantly regulate Islam. Keywords: god; islam; islamic; muslim; pakistan; sovereignty; state; zaman
• Imagining Muslims in South Asia and the Diaspora: Secularism, Religion, Representations By Claire Chambers and Caroline Herbert, eds. (London and New York: Routledge, 2015. 239 pages.) by Dar, Showkat Ahmad (2016.0) - Page 115 A. Meghani discusses contemporary British and North American discourses on diasporic South Asian Muslims and same-sex desire and identity in her “Queer South Asian Muslims.” But it does have its limitations, such as imagining Muslim representation in isolation and not interacting with the Islamic text in any really meaningful way. Keywords: book; islamic; muslim; representations; south
• Men in Charge? Rethinking Authority in Muslim Legal Tradition: By Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Mulki Al-Sharmani, and Jana Rumminger, eds. (London: Oneworld Publications, 2014. 286 pages.) by Haqqani, Shehnaz (2016.0) - Ex- ploring issues of maintenance, obedience, divorce, and male guardianship over children, she also examines the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women’s (CEDAW) reports on women in the Arab world. Her proposed tawhidic paradigm replaces the existing vertical hierarchy of God above man and man above woman with God above both men and women. Keywords: gender; islamic; muslim; qiwāmah; women
• Sunni-Shi’i Rapprochement: Internal Contradictions by Mavani, Hamid (2016.0) - Zayn al-‘Abidin (Ali b. al-Husayn), Sahīfa-ye Sajjādiyyah (The Psalms of Islam), trans. Muhammad b. Abd al-Karim al-Shahrastani, Kitāb al-Milal wa al-Nihal, tr. A. K. Kazi and J. G. Flynn (London: Kegan Paul International, 1984), 19. Keywords: ajiss33; ali; islamic; muhammad; muslim; november; october; page; prophet; rapprochement; saudi; shi’i; social; sunni; umar
• In Celebration of the Life of Shaykh Taha Jabir al-‘Alwani: May 12, 1935 – March 4, 2016 by Family, IIIT (2016.0) - Shaykh Taha spent his life serving humanity and the truth, working tirelessly not only to elucidate the principles and method- ology of Islamic jurisprudence, but also to remove many of the myths and prejudices that had, over time, become entwined with Muslim cultural traditions and gained a strong foothold in the Mus- lim mind. Shaykh Taha always took account of Islam as it is being prac- tised in the modern world. Keywords: islamic; muslim; people; shaykh; taha
• Beyond the “Conflict” Paradigm: Western-Muslim Interactions and Intersections by Douai, Aziz (2016.0) - For Karim, these initiatives are inclusive because they negotiate the local and the global, thereby benefiting Muslim communities living in the West 92 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:2 ajiss33-2-latest_ajiss 4/25/2016 9:43 AM Page 92 while being “consonant with Islamic principles that promote the betterment of the condition of all humanity” (p. 106). Eid argues that these caricatures of Muslim interlopers, outsiders, and deviants are rooted in the media’s binary (mis)perception of Muslim communities as “homo- genous” and “fanatical.” Keywords: chapter; clash; communities; interactions; islam; islamic; karim; media; muslim; practices; west
• Ali Mazrui: Beacon at the Intersection of Islam and Africa by Rasool, Ebrahim (2016.0) - The philosopher Rasool: Ali Mazrui: Beacon at the Intersection of Islam and Africa 3 of Reverence for Life (Albert Schweizter, 1875-1965) was receiving a prize named after the inventor of Dynamite (Alfred Bernhard Nobel, 1873-1916)!”6 Lessons from South Africa I encountered Ali Mazrui for the first time in 1990. 7. Ali Mazrui, “Africa’s Pro-Democracy Movement: Indigenous, Islamic and Christian Tendencies,” keynote address delivered at the 6th Annual Desmond Tutu Peace Lecture, National Interfaith Conference on Religion and State Re- lations, Johannesburg, South Africa. 8. Keywords: africa; ali; islam; islamic; justice; mazrui; muslim; post; south; world
• Islamic Perspectives on Basic Income by Bullock, Katherine; Al Shami, Dr Abdulla (2019.0) - ‘Ali al-Shirazi, al-Muhadhdhab fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī (Beirut, 2005), 1:238. 46. As the renowned jurist al-Ghazali (d. 505 /1111) stated: It is incumbent on the ruler to help the people when they are facing scar- city, starvation and suffering, especially during a famine or when prices are high, and people fail to earn a living in these circumstances and it becomes difficult for them to make both ends meet. Keywords: god; income; islamic; justice; life; muslim; needs; people; poverty; qur’an; social; society; state; wealth; work; zakāt
• A Muslim Reflection on Dangerous Games: What the Moral Panic over Role-Playing Games Says about Play, Religion, and Imagined Worlds by Inloes, Amina (2016.0) - However, beyond these surface-level similarities, Laycock uncovers sub- tler, more profound reasons why fantasy games tread on the realm of religion. To illustrate his point, he in- vents a (fictional) scenario, in which a “Technocracy,” sensing the potential of fantasy role-playing games to encourage people to question hegemony, develops a “saccharine technological substitute” devoid of narrative, creativ- ity, or human contact to keep them sitting at their computers, isolated and brain-dead.24 While I agree that computerizing role-playing games strips away their human aspects, including their similarities with religion, and makes them “just games” (which, ironically, can make them feel more “religiously acceptable”), Laycock underestimates how computer game worlds act as a mass shared re- ality. Keywords: dragons; dungeons; fantasy; games; islam; laycock; muslim; playing; religion; role; world
• Second International Congress on Islamic Civilization in Southern Africa: Developments and Future Perspectives by Haron, Muhammed (2016.0) - For this congress, AwqafSA partnered with the Interna- tional Peace College of South Africa (IPSA) and the University of KwaZulu- Natal (UKZN). Qasmi focused on the “Cultural, Religious, and Academic Contribution of Deobandi Diaspora of the Muslim Community in South Africa.” Keywords: africa; community; islamic; muslim; south; university
• The International Institute of Islamic Thought Intellectual Panels by Pervez, Saulat (2016.0) - Cultural Islamophobia is the general fear held by many non-Muslims of Islam and Muslims due to their lack of knowledge, whereas political Islamophobia uses the former for political gain, recognizing that anti-Muslim rhetoric can translate into votes. In her opinion, the root causes of Islamophobia are the result of military intervention, which casts Muslims as the potential enemy, coverage of Muslims in the media as overwhelmingly about violence, and anti-Muslim political rhetoric. Keywords: islamic; islamophobia; maqāṣid; muslim; panel
• Magic in Islam: By Michael Muhammad Knight (New York: TarcherPerigree, 2016. 246 pages.) by Inloes, Amina (2016.0) - Lastly, Knight adds up (a) the omission of African- Americans from discussions of American Islam, (b) the omission of Islam from discussions of American religion, and (c) the omission of esotericism and the occult from discussions of American religion. The Spir- ituality of Shi‘i Islam [2010].) Keywords: american; islam; knight; magic; muslim
• Qur’an in Conversation: By Michael Birkel (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2014. 282 pages.) by Bond, Julian (2016.0) - Commenting on how the Muslim speakers have engaged with non-Muslim thinkers, he ob- serves: “It seems feasible that non-Muslims can similarly be enriched by an encounter with the Qur’an” (p. 235) and concludes with: “Whether the con- versation is face to face or within one’s own mind, Muslim and non-Muslim conversation partners may come to agree how to disagree, in a way that hon- ours the integrity and beauty of each Scripture. In times of anti-Islam and anti-Muslim sentiment, the question of Muslim attitudes toward non-Muslim neighbors is a regular one. Keywords: book; god; islam; muslim; qur’an
• Communities of Interpretation: The Case of the Qur’an by El-Badawi, Emran (2016.0) - One Scripture, Many Communities Many years ago I became interested in learning more about different ap- proaches to reading and understanding the Qur’an. Abstract This article discusses “Communities of the Qur’an,” a conference, public talk, and forthcoming book that will examine the Qur’an’s “communities of interpretation.” Keywords: communities; community; imam; interpretation; islamic; muslim; qur’an; text; university
• IIIT Panels at the 2016 ISNA Convention by Elaradi, Hadeel (2016.0) - Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah as a Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach This panel, which revolved around Jasser Auda’s Maqasid al-Shari‘ah as a Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach (2008), sought to address problems via the theory of maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah (the purpose of Islamic law) and systems theory. Shabana Mir (assistant professor of anthropology, American Islamic Col- lege (AIC); author of the award-winning Muslim American Women on Campus: Undergraduate Social Life and Identity (2104) concentrated on how to rejuve- nate Islamic colleges via collaboration. Keywords: iiit; islamic; muslim; need; studies
• Specters of Islam: Anti-Islamist (Re)Presentations in Secular Media and Feminism (1979-2011) by Doha, Tanzeen Rashed (2018.0) - This decade involves a strategic shift from the militarist exportation of liberal values towards the encouragement of reformation within Islam itself.50 In this decade the ques- tion of “women’s rights” in Islam becomes a site of central contestation, and Islamic women interested in projects of liberal reform are represented as active actors working to challenge the threat of Islam from within. It is relevant for Islam-re- lated conversations, partly because of the large subaltern population in the Islamicate postcolony—subjects who are not recognized by civil society— and partly because of contemporary Islam’s calling into attention the line of conflict between programs of modernization and reforms of Islam. Keywords: american; anti; article; discourse; feminism; history; islam; islamic; islamism; media; muslim; new; power; relation; rights; secular; state; times; tradition; war; women; world; york
• English literary Studies: Including Islamic Perspectives in Pedagogy and Practice by Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2015.0) - We may also need to assess the predominant attitudes and prevailing tenden- cies of the overwhelming majority of English literature students and scholars, along with the values they apparently hold. Based on this theoretical premise, in this article I focus on the need for and three important ways of teaching English literature: inculcating Islamic/moral val- ues, identifying predominant themes and ideas inherent in literary texts and looking at them from Islamic perspectives, and reforming the curriculum. Keywords: british; colonial; education; english; english literature; ideas; india; islamic; knowledge; literary; literature; muslim; social; students; studies; subject; texts; values
• Mirror for the Muslim Prince: Islam and the Theory of Statecraft By Mehrzad Boroujerdi (ed.) (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2013. 465 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad (2015.0) - Everyone seems to be interested in Islamic political thought these days, no doubt as a result of the rise and fall of Islamisms/post-Islamisms and other contemporary configurations of Islam and politics. The final (and longest) chapter is Aziz Al-Azmeh’s deconstruction of the sui generis nature of the study of Islam in his critical appraisal of Anthony Black and Patricia Crone’s works on Islamic political thought. Keywords: islamic; literature; muslim; study; thought
• Do Muslim Women Need Saving? By Lila Abu-Lughod (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 2013. 326 pages.) by Arjana, Sophia R. (2015.0) - Book Reviews 109 To understand how this works, one must ask two foundational questions: “What are the competing authorities involved in regulating or influencing the lives of Muslim women?” and “What are the channels women use to gain rights?” In this extension of her important 2002 article in American Anthropologist, Lila Abu-Lughod examines the problematic nature of the western discourse surrounding Muslim women. Keywords: abu; muslim; women
• Islam is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority By Zareena Grewal (New York: New York University Press, 2014. 409 pages.) by Nassar, Maha (2015.0) - Zareena Grewal’s book traces the hopes, debates, accomplishments, and dis- appointments of American Muslim students who travel to the Middle East in pursuit of Islamic knowledge. Islam is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority Zareena Grewal New York: New York University Press, 2014. Keywords: american; grewal; islamic; muslim
• The language of Secular Islam: Urdu Nationalism and Colonial India By Kavita Saraswathi Datla (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2013. 234 pages.) by Abbas, Megan Brankley (2015.0) - By tracing the history of secular Urdu nationalism, Datla provides a fascinating glimpse into an alternative imagining of Indian nationalism that, while eventually margin- alized, complicates prevailing narratives about Urdu and Indian Muslims in South Asian historiography. In her study of Urdu language politics in late colonial India, Kavita Saraswathi Datla traces the rise and eventual demise of an alternative Urdu movement that envisioned the language not as a marker of Muslim religious identity, but as a means to articulate a modern secular nationalism with roots in India’s Islamic past. Keywords: datla; hyderabad; muslim; urdu
• Mounting an “Islamic Studies” Program: A University of the Free State (South Africa) Initiative by Haron, Muhammed (2015.0) - John Esposito, vol. 2 (New York: Oxford University Press 1995); R. Martin, “Islam and Religious Studies: An Introductory Essay,” in Ap- proaches to Islam in Religious Studies, ed. R. Martin (Oxford: Oneworld, 2001), 1-18; I. Ahmad, “Teaching Islamic Studies in the Non-Arab World: With or With- out Arabic?” Since the popularity of “Is- lamic studies” has been of interest to secular academics as well, the country’s University of the Free State (UFS) proposed the offering of a Baccalaureus Divinitatis Degree in Islamic studies. Keywords: africa; education; haron; institutions; islamic; journal; muslim; program; religion; sciences; social; south; studies; ufs; university
• Reflections on the Aftermath of the Arab Spring by Willoughby, Jay (2015.0) - Arabs also need to look at the experiences of non- Arab Muslim nations such as Pakistan (under Muhammad Ali Jinnah), who understood the importance of negotiation; Indonesia’s peaceful transition from the Suharto dictatorship to a functioning democracy; and Turkey’s successful campaign to get the army to return to the barracks. The outbreak of Arab Spring clearly revealed that there is still a need to deal with ethics in governance, for lasting reform can only be actualized in the form of systems. Keywords: indonesia; muslim; need; world
• Historiography in the Twenty-First Century: The Relevance of the Crusades by Gada, Muhammad Yaseen (2015.0) - Here Cobb draws attention to an important but rather ignored impact of the Crusades: “the rich legacy of Frankish-Muslim relations [rather] than a strictly military narrative” (p. 170) under Saladin. vii, viii) based on modern scholarship; Paul M. Cobb’s The Race for Paradise shows how medieval Muslims perceived the Crusades and is based on his research primarily from original Islamic sources (p. 6); and Jonathan Harris’ Byzantium and the Crusades concentrates on the relations between Byzantium and the Latin West during the Crusades. Keywords: chapter; cobb; crusades; harris; islamic; jerusalem; latin; muslim
• Islamic Fashion and Anti-Fashion: New Perspectives from Europe and North America By Emma Tarlo and Annelies Moors, eds. (London and New York: Harvard, Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. 294 pages.) by Arjana, Sophia Rose (2015.0) - This volume of scholarship surrounding Islamic fashion presents a counter- narrative to a dominant story: that Muslim women in the West are subjugated by the oppressive and patriarchal yoke of Islam. Two of its attractive features are the numerous black and white images running through many of the chapters, as well as the two groups of stunning, provoca- tive color photographs showing the richness of Islamic fashion, from “hijabi street style” to London Muslim hipster style. Keywords: fashion; islamic; muslim; women
• Making Sense of Radicalization by Senzai, Farid (2015.0) - On the other hand, many radical jihadists who have joined terrorist groups come from middle-class or well-to do-families. Many Muslim scholars and community leaders can provide professional coun- seling, counter-radicalization programming, and religious retraining within an authentic religious paradigm. Keywords: ajiss32; factors; group; ibid; individual; islam; muslim; radicalization; scholars; sense; social; terrorism; theory; violence
• The Awakening of Muslim Democracy: Religion, Modernity, and the State by Willoughby, Jay (2015.0) - She began her talk by saying that she was interested in “broadening out the concept of political Islam,” which had existed before the now well-known movements and parties in the Muslim world. She maintained that political Islam cannot be limited only to secularism and the state, for the former, especially in Europe, is supposed to engender the decline of religiosity, the movement of religion to the private sphere, and the separation of religion and state. Keywords: islam; muslim; state; west
• Islamism in the Post-Arab Spring world by Kırkpınar, Büşra (2015.0) - Yusuf Ekinci (Yıldırım Beyazıt University) focused on the transfor- mation of Turkish Islamism and new oppositional Islamisms. His main critique of Turkish Islamism was that the cur- rent power structure’s co-optation of Islamist civil society is responsible for its death. Keywords: islamism; istanbul; muslim; panel; power; spring; state; university
• Revisiting Fanaticism in the Context of Wasaṭīyyah by Yousif, Ahmad F. (2015.0) - Thus their goal is to strive to alter society so that Islam may rule.31 In addition to being a threat to the contemporary global political and eco- nomic power, Islamic groups have frequently targeted westerners in general and Americans in particular, because doing so is one sure way to draw inter- national attention to their particular cause. With the recent “Arab Spring” and rapid regime changes in the Muslim world, we have seen the pro- liferation of Islamic groups and societies all over the globe. Keywords: ajiss32; behavior; contemporary; fanaticism; groups; hasan_ajiss; international; islamic; journal; means; media; moderation; movements; muslim; new; page; press; social
• The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South By Paul Amar, ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014. 355 pages.) by Bruckmayr, Philipp (2015.0) - His vivid descriptions of organized visits to such places as war memorials and the reactions they engender among the participants show both their suc- cess in arousing anti-Israeli sentiments among this specific population, who are otherwise rarely preoccupied with the Arab-Israeli conflict, but also the limits of such endeavors among a community socialized in an environment strongly influenced by nationalist discourses of a “racially tolerant” Brazil. Book Reviews The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South Paul Amar, ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014. Keywords: arab; book; brazil; islam; lebanese; muslim; south

• The ‘Alids: The First Family of Islam, 750-1200 By Teresa Bernheimer (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. 119 pages.) by Inloes, Amina (2014.0) - Otherwise, marrying out would “commonise” ‘Alid women and “com- promise the family’s special status, on which claims to privileges and social exceptionalism were based” (p. 50); (2) keeping these women within the family communicated a sense of elitism, because “one only gives one’s daughters in marriage to one’s equals or superiors” (p. 35)’ and (3) ‘Alid men sometimes married outside the family, generally to women of noble birth (Arab or other- wise), to bring more resources into the family, as well as (for the politically ac- tive type) to increase their support base. Chapter 3, on ‘Alid marriage patterns, opens with a contemporary account of a scandal that ensued after a Hadrami sayyidah in Southeast Asia married a non-‘Alid man and how that, in turn, led some people to “question openly the centuries-long domination of the sayyids […] setting in motion events that ar- guably led to the Yemeni revolution” (p. 62). Keywords: alid; islamic; social
• Ibn Khaldun: By Syed Farid Alatas (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013. 160 pages.) by Miharja, Nurhidayahti Mohammad (2014.0) - Alatas’ forthcoming Applying Ibn Khaldun: The ensuing chapter, “The Reception of Ibn Khaldun,” situates him in the evolution of Islamic thought and contemporary social sciences, whereas the two final chapters, “The Significance of Ibn Khaldun for the Modern Social Sciences” and “Further Reading and Works Cited,” encapsulate Alatas’ sug- gestions for developing a Khaldunian sociology and include a list of further readings, alongside discussions on works ranging from Ibn Khaldun’s biog- raphy to critiques of his methodology. Keywords: ibn; khaldun; science; social
• From Streamlining to Mainstreaming “Islamization of Knowledge”: The Case of the International Islamic University of Malaysia by hanafi, Sari (2021.0) - To take a case study showing how students are exposed to such integration of knowledge, the Department of Economics posits itself as providing a Bachelors in Islamic Economics, where, in addition to integrating Islamic perspectives students receive 18 hours on fiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh and 12 hours in other Islamic courses. IIUM is involved in training sharī‘a court judges to increase their knowledge regarding civil law, in training civil courts on sharī‘a law,9 and in harmonizing civil and sharī‘a laws.10 The university also has three institutes—the Institute of Halal Research and Training (INHART), the Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance (IIiBF), and the International Institute of Islamic Civilisation and Malay World (ISTAC)—and the Centre for Islamic Economics, all of which work independently and together to ensure an interdisciplinary education. Keywords: e t; economics; f r; faculty; iium; islamic; knowledge; m e; m l; m s; n j; n s; r e; r n; s t; social; students; t r; university
• The Qur’anic Worldview: A Springboard for Cultural Reform By AbdulHamid AbuSulayman (London: IIIT, 2011. 179 pages.) by Rufai, Saheed Ahmad (2013.0) - His argument consists of three points: (1) an emphasis on the need to “identify the methodological and ideational relationship between contemporary Islamic social sciences and both the Islamic heritage and modern western social sciences on the level of sources, ideational content, and study and research methods” (p. 130); (2) the link between modern western social sciences and the Islamization of knowl- edge lies “at the heart of the Islamic social sciences and having to do with both content and method” (p. 132); and (3) a definition of the social sciences by claiming that “the function of jurisprudence and the law is, first and fore- most, formal in nature, while the function of the social sciences is primarily intellectual or ideational” (p. 133). The implication here is that students specialize in Islamic studies and, if they desire to pursue a secondary special- ization or minor, spend an additional year (for 30 or 40 credit hours) to receive a B.A. in Islamic studies and another one in any area of humanities or social 106 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:3 ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 106 sciences. Keywords: islamic; social
• Reconfiguring Politics, Law, and Human Rights in the Contemporary Muslim World by Kersten, Carool (2011.0) - Although most of an-Na‘im’s discussions are coined in a much more technical juris- tic jargon than al-Jabri’s, his legal thought did not develop in a philosophi- cal and religious vacuum. In his introduction, al-Jabri describes the Shari‘ah debate as “a belligerent discourse . . . Keywords: democracy; islamic; jabri; law; lee; politics; religion; rights; social; state
• Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: By Stephanie Cronin, ed. (London and New York: Routledge, 2009. 316 pages.) by Mozafari, Arshavez (2010.0) - Given the Left’s wide-ranging linkages with surrounding regions, including the Causacus (early twentieth century) and the Arab Middle East (particularly during the 1970s), experts dealing with those regions’ politics would benefit from this work. The emigration of Iranian peasants and artisans to Azerbaijan during the economic downturn of the late nineteenth century is a relatively unexploited stage in Iranian history. Keywords: century; iranian; left; social
• Understanding Muslim Social Arrangement: The Pangals of Manipur, India by Ahmed, Mohd Shakil (2010.0) - See Government of Manipur, Statistical Abstract Manipur 2005 (Imphal: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2006). Forum Understanding Muslim Social Arrangement: The Pangals of Manipur, India Mohd Shakil Ahmed Abstract This article analyzes the Muslim Pangal community of Manipur in northeastern India. Keywords: arrangement; community; india; khan; manipur; meitei; muslims; pangals; singh; social; songs
• Gender, Identity, and Islam: An Overview by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2010.0) - Assuming the concept of patriarchy as the nexus from which to assess the multidimensional subjugation of women within the political, socioeconomic, and ethnic spheres, Valentine M. Moghadam affords a sweeping, yet insightful, collection of nineteen articles originating from the “Women in the Global Community” conference hosted in Istanbul by the Fulbright Commission in September 2002. Divided into three parts, namely, “Political Processes and Women’s Par- ticipation,” “Economic, Social, and Cultural Participation,” and “Violence, Peace, and Women’s Human Rights,” the study is guided by a variant of the 1977 framework by Janet Giele that gauges women’s empowerment through political expression, work and mobility, family, education, health, and cul- tural expression.1 Keywords: gender; islam; lichter; page; pdf; rights; social; trial; version; women
• Reconfiguring Islamic Tradition: Reform, Rationality, and Modernity by Samira Haj (Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press, 2009. 284 pages.) by Hashim, Rosnani (2009.0) - She examines the fundamental disagreements over the interpretation of the authoritative corpus on how to realize Islamic practices and virtues that, in his context, occupied center stage. This work is an excellent contribution to discussions on Islamic reform efforts, for it challenges the assumptions underlying scholarly treatments of Islamic reform movements. Keywords: abduh; islamic; social
• Iran and World Contemporary Developments by Navazeni, Bahram (2009.0) - Page 156 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.iranoworld.ir) http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com ments; Session 7: Energy and Economy Developments; Session 8: Cultural and Social Developments; Session 9: The Islamic Revolution and Iran’s Foreign Policy Development; Session 10: Military Strategy Developments; Session 11: Bahram Navazeni Professor of Political Science and Conference Secretary Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran 158 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26:4 ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:15 PM Keywords: developments; iran; session; social
• Islam and Social Work: Debating Values, Transforming Practice by Sara A. Crabtree, Fatima Husain, and Basia Spalek (Bristol, UK: The Policy Press, 2008. 198 pages.) by Bejja, Rachida (2009.0) - The remaining sections address, respectively, the key concepts found in the Muslim world, social work education in Islam, gender relations and the family’s centrality, common issues that social workers come across when working with Muslim families, health issues, and, lastly, crime, victim- ization, and criminal justice in Muslim communities. Social workers who are unfamiliar with Islam should not, however, assume that they will be able to understand Mus- lims simply by reading this book, for the concepts discussed are far more complex than this book indicates. Keywords: authors; islam; social
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2008.0) - Huntington’s thesis would lead us to believe that Muslims would acquiesce to western double standards because they either do not want to or else are incapable of achieving noble western values anyway. He posited a dyadic relationship between the West and Islam: whereas western values were laud- able, they were missing in Islam, for Western ideas of individualism, liberalism, constitutionalism, human rights, equality, liberty, rule of law, democracy, free markets, the separa- PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk tion of church and state, often have little resonance in Islamic, Confucian, Japanese, Hindu, Buddhist or Orthodox cultures.” Keywords: democracy; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; hypocrisy; islam; muslims; social; values; west
• Muslim Citizens in the West: Promoting Social Inclusion by Ali, Jan (2008.0) - William Maley (Australian National University, Australia) led off the third panel with an analysis of the various approaches used by Australia to deal with Muslim militancy and combat strategies. Amin Saikal (Australian National University, Australia) made the con- cluding remarks and highlighted the usefulness of international symposiums like the Fulbright both to academics as well as to the general community. Keywords: australia; panel; social; university
• Managing Egypt’s Poor and the Politics of Benevolence, 1800-1952: By Mine Ener (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003. 195 pages.) by Starrett, Gregory (2007.0) - The increased demand for government poor relief was met with increas- ingly stringent eligibility requirements (although that demand itself was at least partially the result of the government’s military conscription policies, which deprived families of their breadwinners and sometimes thrust them into poverty). Ener focuses largely on Egypt’s four state-sponsored institutions for poor relief nationwide: the Maristan Qalawun, founded in 1284; Takiyyat Tulun, within the historic mosque of Ibn Tulun; the Qishlah al-Sadaqah; 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:3 and Takiyyat Qabbari. Keywords: egypt; social
• Islamic Social and Political Movements in Turkey by Tatari, Eren (2007.0) - Contextualism, Deprivation Theory, and State-Centered Approaches Contextualism, which emerged as a reaction to essentialist scholarship, emphasizes the “contingencies in the study of Islamic social movements and rules out the irreversibility and teleology of modernization theory and the concomitant essentialization of Islam.”9 Thus, in order to understand Islamic political identity, a hermeneutical approach that focuses on human agency and its constant interaction with the social structure is used. Keywords: approach; identity; islamic; ispms; literature; modern; movements; social; state; turkey
• Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace by Rosser-Owen, Daoud (2007.0) - These are a remarkable willingness on the part of religious people to work out a means of living together, but against a backdrop of diminishing popular religious belief and practice of a sort that the Great Names of the three Abrahamic Faiths would not recognise as deriving from their Teaching. For it seems to me that if religion, or religious people, are to have a role in promoting world peace it has to be through influencing politicians and the leaders and formers of opinion – which would include the “Media” – at least to tell the truth, and not to lie, most of the time. Keywords: book; dialogue; faiths; god; islam; islamic; need; people; religion; social; way; world
• Islam, Memory, and Morality in Yemen: Ruling Families in Transition by Gabriele vom Bruck (New York: Palgrave, 2005. 348 pages.) by Varisco, Daniel Martin (2006.0) - For example, a paragraph (p. 37) on the first Yemeni Zaydi imam, Yahya ibn al-Husayn, cites four English references and ignores a valuable printed Arabic biography (`Ali ibn Muhammad ibn `Abid al-`Abbasi al-`Alawi, Sirat al-Hadi ila al-Haqq Yahya ibn al-Husayn Book Reviews 117 The author’s stated goal is “to examine the relationship of experience, social practice, and moral reasoning among the hereditary elite in the context of revolutionary change” (p. 5). Keywords: sadah; social; yemen
• Suicide in Palestine: Narratives of Despair by Nadia Taysir Dabbagh (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2005. 265 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2005.0) - Within the context of Islamic thought, suicide has met both tolerance and resistance and has spawned two cultural categories: suicide and martyrdom. Nadia Taysir Dabbagh approaches the issue with a dexterity honed by med- ical experience, and her insightful analysis of the two concepts reveals that suicide is perceived as a private act condemned by society and religion, while martyrdom is a public act exalted for the greater good. Keywords: dabbagh; social; suicide
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2005.0) - As one of AJISS’ priorities is to serve as a space for Islamic perspectives on contemporary issues, this issue includes as its forum article an essay by noted Islamic scholar and imam Zaid Shakir. Ali hopes that his essay will provide a more con- textualized study of Islamic social movements and serve as a corrective to a homogenized view of Islam. Keywords: american; islamic; social; tsunami; world
• Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach by Quintan Wiktorowicz, ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004. 316 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2005.0) - For this reason, both Tilly and Kurzman note that the study of Islamic social movements is not just a one way street – applying theoretical insights in social movement theory derived from the study of non-Muslims to Islamic activists. Such is the isolation of Islamic studies from theoretical developments in other fields that it was not until the turn of the twenty-first century that schol- 108 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1 ars began to study Islamic activists from the vantage point of state-of-the art insights on social movements. Keywords: islamic; movement; social
• Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts: By Michael Bonner, Mine Ener, and Amy Singer, eds. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. 345 pages.) by Harmsen, Egbert (2004.0) - Readers interested in the present upsurge of Islamic voluntary welfare activism could use this work in conjunction with anthropological and political science studies written by such authors as Dennis J. Sullivan, Janine A. Clark, Quintan Wiktorowicz, and Jonathan Benthall. Possibly, the earliest form of institutionalized charity in Islamic history is the collection and distribu- tion of zakat. Keywords: charity; islamic; ottoman; social
• Ethnicity and Nationalism: By Thomas Hylland Eriksen (London: Pluto Press, 2002. 2d. ed., 199 pages.) by Oka, Kayleen U. (2004.0) - Moving from a behaviorist point of view to an examination of individ- ual perspectives of ethnic identity, chapter 4 focuses on how attachment and loyalty to ethnic groups are created and maintained through ideology. In the following chapter, the author examines the social organization of cultural distinctiveness by asking how ethnic groups develop, which ends they serve, and how they are reproduced through time. Keywords: chapter; identity; social
• The Jewish Obligation to Stand Up against Islamophobia in the United States by Kaplan, Lisabeth; Roochnik, Paul (2004.0) - In Jewish teachings, both clauses – the world’s ethical perfection and the rule of God – are equally important. He espoused Kaplan and Roochnik: The Jewish Obligation to Stand Up 181 a view of Jewish education as an instrument for helping the individual find his/her place in the larger society of which he/she is a part. 15. Keywords: american; god; jews; judaism; muslims; social; stranger; tradition
• Lebanon’s Second Republic: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century by Kail C. Ellis, ed. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2002. 236 pages.) by Kingston, Paul (2004.0) - Mona Khalaf’s article on the status of women in postwar Lebanon paints a similar picture of marginalization, character- Book Reviews 117 ized both by the “feminization of poverty” as well as by the entrenchment of legal discrimination, symbolized by the difficulties in reforming Lebanon’s religiously controlled personal status laws and courts. By excluding the pos- sibility of grass-roots participation, this reality contributes to what Davie calls “a social deficit” in postwar Lebanon. Keywords: lebanese; lebanon; social
• Muslims, Catholics, and the Secular State: Inter-Faith Advocacy and Alt-Right Populism in Contemporary France by Hefner, Robert William (2019.0) - Both imams had a more nuanced sense than had the Catholic priest of the varied forms Salafism could take among French Muslim youth. However, rather than hav- ing been established in the nineteenth century and reproduced unchanged to the present day, the cultural terms of social recognition in France have shifted in recent years, and nowhere more forcefully than with regard to French Muslims. Keywords: advocacy; catholic; church; citizenship; community; france; french; muslims; national; press; public; recognition; religion; right; social; society; state; university
• Authority, Continuity, and Change in Islamic Law: By Wael B. Hallaq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 269 pages.) by Haque, Muhammad M. (2003.0) - So, contrary to the popular belief about the supremacy of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, and Hanbali schools, as well as the conservative nature of Islamic law, there emerged many other schools with specific hermeneutic tools. In summary, the author has proved himself to be a very high level scholar through his unique writing style and his central thesis that the foundation of Islamic legal scholarship was far more flexible than con- ceptualized by some contemporary Islamicists. Keywords: authority; islamic; school; social
• Smelling Baraka: Everyday Islam and Islamic Normativity by Edmonds, James Michael (2019.0) - In order to reveal the multiple ways that smell operates, I first intro- duce the various actors that descend upon the theatre of selawat performed by Habib Syech bin Abdul Qadir Assegaf (Habib Syech) in Indonesia. Islamic Normativity and Human Ambiguity During one of the many long car rides with Habib Syech, I asked him about his relationship with FPI leader Habib Rizieq and the leaders of pesantren Ngruki. Keywords: ambiguity; baraka; contemporary; events; everyday; fpi; god; habib; habib syech; indonesia; islam; islamic; journal; muslims; people; police; salafi; selawat; smell; social; stage; syech; way; world
• Al-Mawardi's Theory of State: Some Ignored Dimensions by Hamid, Eltigani Abdulqadir (2001.0) - See Dr.Nassr Mohammed 'Arif, Fi Masadir al-Turath al-Siyasi al-lslami, (Herndon,VA The International Institute of Islamic Though, 19!24), 58; We shall attempt, secondly, to let al-Mawardi speak for himself, though only through a few selected and translated pieces of his work . Keywords: ahkam; gibb; ibn; ideas; islamic; mawardi; power; religion; rule; social; state; theory; works
• ISESCO and The International Knowledge Order: Pro-action, Reaction or In-action by Bouasria, Abdelilah (2001.0) - The three strategies mentioned above are part and parcel of the - First, UNESCO masters the power of Knowledge as a discourse by the use of the forbidden, which is the “political”. Starting from the assumption that the burden of “cultural gate-keeping’’ rests heavily upon UNESCO’s shoulder, it is analyzed whether ISESCO can count as a counter-power. Keywords: american; comparison; conference; countries; cultural; culture; discourse; general; international; isesco; islamic; knowledge; order; organization; sciences; social; states; unesco; view; west; world
• Current Systems in Psychology: History, Theory, Research, and Applications, by Noel W. Smith. Plattsburg, (New York: Wadsworth Publishers, 2001. 430 pages.) by Haque, Amber (2001.0) - Part 11 covers the organocentric systems in psychology, which consist of cognitive psychology, humanistic psychology, and the psychoanalytic school of thought. Chapter 4 describes humanistic psychology, in which the author opines that topics like self-actualization, creativity, love, choice, etc. obviously sound more relevant to real life than the conditioning principles based on animal behaviors; although a learning theorist would argue that all human behaviors including humanistic ones can be explained by principles of conditioning. Keywords: author; chapter; human; psychology; social; system
• Methodological Problems in the Study of Islam, and Ali Shariati's Proposed Methodology for the Study of Religions by Vakily, Abdollah (2001.0) - In fact, Ali Rahnema has explained that Shariati's formal discipline was the history of medieval Islam, and his doctoral dissertation was entitled 'The merits of BaM (a translation into French of a chapter of a thirteenth century Persian text). Methodological Problems in the Study of Islam, and Ali Shariati's Proposed Methodology for the Study of Religions Abdollah Vakily Keywords: god; ibid; islam; islamic; methodology; new; problems; religion; shariati; social; study
• Transformative Inquiry and Production of Islamic Knowledge by Al Zeera, Zahra (2001.0) - Muslim students can contribute actively in deconstructing, constructing and reconstructing Islamic knowledge not only by choosing topics related to the Islamic ummah but, more importantly, by using research methods that are rooted in the Islamic paradigm and interpreting their studies from an Islamic perspective and within an Islamic paradigm. Transformative Inquiry and Production of Islamic Knowledge Zahra A1 Zeera Abstract Transformative inquiry is proposed in this paper as an alternative research method that emerges from the Islamic paradigm and leads to the creation of Islamic knowledge on one hand and inner self transformation on the other. Keywords: experiences; human; inquiry; islamic; knowledge; methods; paradigm; personal; reality; research; research methods; self; social; study; transformation
• A Critique of Theories and Theorizing in Social Sciences: Special Reference to Islamic Political Experience by Muhammad, Garba Bala (2001.0) - Thus, theoriziag on Islamic political experience with one’s back turned on ijtihad is bound to be a useless exercise, as ijtihad represents a means of replenishing the depleted reservoir of stale ideas from the fount of authentic sources. Any general theory of Islamic political experience that does not fully incorporate this fact must forfeit all credibility. Keywords: critique; experience; islamic; paradigm; religion; sciences; social; theories
• Pluralism and Multiculturalism: an Islamic Perspective by Momin, Abdur-Rahman (2001.0) - (ii) I have tried to show that the prototype or model of Islamic society that existed during the time of Prophet Muhammad and the four caliphs sought to reconcile the conflicting demands of diversity and unity in a humane and democratic framework. This pristine model of Islamic society has inspired and sustained generations of Muslim scholars, sages, reformers and revo- lutionaries across the world. Keywords: american; community; countries; ethnicity; god; human; ibn; identity; islamic; life; man; momin; multiculturalism; muslims; nationalism; new; people; population; prophet; qur'an; sciences; social; societies; society; state; western; world
• The Full Circle: Transmission of Ideas & the Muslim Social Scientist by Akram, Ejaz (2001.0) - Many of our readers and contributors have raised questions regarding the various definitions of social science and their relation to the scope of MISS. Definitions of social science have changed with time and place, and one of the reasons for that is not what is “social,” but what is “science”? Keywords: science; social; west
• Relativism vs. Universalism: Islam and the Human Rights Debate by Siddiqui, Omer (2001.0) - Here is the emancipatory element of Islamic human rights. At the base, despite their similarity, Islamic human rights are built on the view that human society is God centered and as such humanity as defined by rights is dependent on revelation for this self-definition. Keywords: duty; freedom; god; human; ibid; individual; islamic; justice; law; liberal; life; maududi; political; relativism; rights; rights discourse; social; state; traditions; universal; universalism
• Globalization’s Vulnerabilities and the Response of Islamic Economics by Beg, Tahir (2000.0) - This article aims to highlight the perspective and philosophical-theoreti- cal premise of liberal global integration and the basic flaws therein (Section I), and points out that such globalization is bound to generate financial and banking crises, fragmentation of national economies, and immiserization of the world’s poor (Section 11). But before discussing the role and contribution of Islamic economics, a basic question must be asked: Does Islamic economics approve of liberal global integration? Keywords: capital; countries; economics; economy; expansion; financial; global; globalization; integration; international; islamic; liberal; market; nations; process; social; state; system; trade; ummah; world
• Social Responsibility: Challenges for the Future by Mian, Sameera (2000.0) - Paper sessions were organized around various subthemes directly related to social responsibility and the future. The direct link between the Conference theme and paper sessions encouraged a lucid and fertile ground for intense dis- cussion, paving the way for an emerging discourse on social responsibility in Islam. Keywords: islamic; muslims; responsibility; social
• Muslims, Islamic Law, and the Sociopolitical Reality in the United States by Jackson, Sherman A. (2000.0) - Such Muslims should seek to conduct their affairs in such a way that they do not contribute to the military strength of their host-country, such that other Muslims would suffer at the latters' hands. (on the margin of al-Mudawwanat al-kuM) (Beirut: D%r Keywords: american; authority; example; fact; god; islamic; jurists; lands; law; maliki; muslims; non; politics; public; question; reality; rights; rules; self; social; time; u.s
• Christian “Service-Stewardship” and Islamic “Khilafah”: Emerging Models in Educational Administration by Atari, Aref T. M. (2000.0) - From this perspective, Islamic manage- ment is the application of khilufuh in an organization, and educational man- agement is the application of Islamic management in an educational setting. Islamic management comprises three main components: theoretical frame- work, concepts and observed behavior and outcomes. Keywords: administration; american; approach; atari; christian; educational; human; islamic; journal; leadership; life; management; models; organization; perspective; religion; religious; scholars; schools; service; social; stewardship; values; work
• The Development of Civil Society in Indonesia and the Role of Voluntary Organizations by Chirzin, M. Habib (2000.0) - NGOs and PYOs carry out development activi­ ties in those fields, sectors, and regions which, for one reason or another, have not been included in government development programs. The analysis focuses on both internal factors of the NGOs and PVOs - such as the structure of the organization, the leadership, membership composition, strategies and aims, and level of operation - and on external factors - such as relationships with target groups and the surrounding community; sources of funds and resources that support the activities of the NGOs and PVOs; and the efficiency, effectiveness, and impact of various kinds of NGOs and PYOs and their programs. Keywords: activities; community; development; government; group; indonesia; ngos; organizations; programs; pvos; pyo; self; social; society; target
• Capitalism's Impending Dangers for Global Humane Development by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (2000.0) - The wide dif­ fusion of modem Western languages (in particular, English and French) and Wes tern cultural values into Third World countries is expected to be 56 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 17.1 endorsed by modem capitalist Liberal social scientists like Lerner, Inkeles, and Smith.35 For them, it is quite obvious that the diffusion of Western cul­ tural symbols into underdeveloped societies is a process that helps the pro­ motion of cultural development and is not a process leading to other under­ development, as we have defined it. In this sense, a psychological inferiority complex (psy­ chological underdevelopment) appears, thus, to harden the two dimensions of cultural underdevelopment and, consequently, contribute to the making of cultural alienation, a phenomenon which is widespread in underdevel­ oped countries, especially among groups with a Western educational back­ ground. Keywords: american; capitalist; colonization; contemporary; countries; cultural; knowledge; nature; new; science; scientists; social; societies; study; symbols; system; underdevelopment; use; west; world
• Toward the lslamization of History: A Historical Survey by Mahroof, M.M.M. (2000.0) - The Moral Dimension and History Writing The Western discipline of history writing was in the initial stages in the hands of Christian ecclesiastics (clerics and clerks). This schedule of British history was linked to European history either by generalizing or specializing British constants. Keywords: american; britain; british; century; class; colonial; european; greek; histories; history; history writing; instance; mahroof; middle; new; roman; social; sri; time; world; writing
• Islamic Dimensions of the East Asian Economic Miracle by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - Perhaps this may be a reason why Islamic economies have not really materialized. Ribu is forbidden for Muslims not non-Muslims, and non-Muslims are not banished from Islamic economies, are they? Keywords: asian; development; east; economics; economy; growth; interest; islamic; japan; region; social; societies
• Experimental Tests of the Moms Economicus: Implications of Research on Islamic Economics by Yavas, Abdullah (1999.0) - The observed behavior in ultimatum game experiments, however, differs from the theoretical prediction profoundly. The debate was prompted by the results that were obtained in laboratory economics experiments where subjects were asked to make economic decisions. Keywords: behavior; data; economics; experiments; game; homo; islamic; journal; market; player; social; subjects; theory
• Socioeconamic and Political Dynamics in Ibn Khaldun’s Thought by Chapra, M. Umer (1999.0) - In writ- ing this article, I used the one published in Cairo by al-Maktabah al-Tijariyyah al-Kubra which does not indicate the year of publication. 14,16,60,85,105-19 and 125); al-Mawardi (d.1058) also argued that the tax system should do justice to both the taxpayer and the treasury, “taking more was iniqui- tous with respect to the rights of the people, while taking less was unfair with respect to the right,of the public treasury” (Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mawardi (d. 450/1058), A l - A h al-sul- tuniyyah wa al-wilayat al-diniyyah (Cairo: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1960), p. 209, see also pp. Keywords: decline; demand; development; ibn; ibn khaldun; islamic; justice; khaldun; people; rise; role; shari‘ah; social; state; tax; wealth
• Financing the Development of Awqaf Property by Kahf, Monzer (1999.0) - New Institutional Modes of Financing the Development of Awqaf Of course, new modes of financing investments in uwqufmust be derived from the same fiqh on wuqf and financing. This fund may also receive special cash waqf contributions that are assigned for the development of specific waqfproperties, either as additions to the waqfintended to be developed (in this case, the cash would be trans- formed into a material addition to the wuqfas building, equipment, furni- ture, etc.), or as special cash wuqffor development of certain kinds of wuqf property (such as cash wuqf for financing the development of educational or health institutions). Keywords: assets; awqaf; bonds; cash; development; financing; hukr; islamic; land; management; mode; new; output; project; property; return; shares; social; waqf; wuqf
• War Industry and Unjust Distribution as a Global Problem by Koylu, Mustafa (1999.0) - By 1985 the external debt of Third World countries was about $750 billion - 330 percent higher than in 1975.” Although Third World countries, including Muslim countries, spend bil- lions of dollars on militarization, when we compare them with the devel- oped nations, they are (and will be) always at a disadvantage in terms of their economies, societies, and military powers. Keywords: countries; distribution; gulf; iraq; military; nations; new; nuclear; peace; people; percent; press; social; war; wars; weapons; world; york
• Ethics from an Islamic Perspective: Basic Issues by Zaroug, Abdullahi Hassan (1999.0) - Thus we may conclude that there are mainly two approaches to ethics: virtue ethics and action ethics. Action ethics considers the moral agent’s action - its nature or its consequences, or the principles from which it derived. Keywords: action; behavior; ethical; ethics; good; ibid; islamic; law; moral; morality; people; qur‘an; social; study; system
• Portrait of the Islamic Scholar by Kobeisy, Ahmed Nezar (1999.0) - In an ever-changing world, the qualifications required to teach about Islam and Muslims must not be merely based on Islamic knowledge. Remand for Islamic Scholars With the phenomenal growth in departments related to Islam, Islamic civilizations, and Muslims, the demand for Islamic scholars is growing although not in proportion to the real need for them. Keywords: american; education; fiqh; institutions; islamic; knowledge; muslims; new; scholar; sciences; social; studies; university
• Hidden Agendas: By John Pilger. London: Vintage, 1998, 687 pp. by McCarron, Kevin (1999.0) - Book Reviews 117 Hidden Agendas By John Pilger. Those who admire the work of John Pilger, journalist and film maker, will find much to enthuse over in Hidden Agendas, his seventh book. Keywords: agendas; book; media; news; people; pilger; social
• Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations by IIIT (1999.0) - The development of racial theory cornsponds with this shift in religious identity, and the reli- gious faith of conquered peoples becomes articulated within a language of race. Terrorism in the name of religion: perceptions and attitudes of religious leaders from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in the United States. Keywords: islam; islamic; modernity; social; study; terrorism
• Sirat al-Mustaqim and Hikma: A Qur'anic View of Socioeconomic Behavior, Economic Discourse and Method by El-Sheikh, Salah (1999.0) - In so doing, Bani Adam can enjoy the fruits of their labor as they fulfil the responsibility of khilafa, a task that entails the employment of God’s knowledge to preserve the life of all “nations” (umam), both human and nonhuman, and conserve the earth, that is, to pursue the “straight path,” al-sirat al-mustaqim. Nonetheless, God, being al-Rahman al-Rahim (the Compassionate, the Merciful) did not leave Bani Adam without means, for He endowed them with the riches of the earth and, above all, bestowed on them the unique gift of ‘aql (reason), which distinguishes them from the nonhuman nations (urnam) of animals and birds and qualified mankind to be God‘s khalifa to rule over the earth, its resources, and communities. Keywords: adam; allah; american; economics; edition; encyclopaedia; god; hikma; human; islamic; journal; knowledge; life; mankind; new; press; qur’an; qur’anic; reason; sciences; sirat; social; university; verses; vol
• Prolegomena for an Islamic Perspective of Educational Management by Atari, Aref T. M. (1999.0) - Bajunid (see endnote 6) observes that much of the literature on Islamic perspectives of management is necessarily perspective and normative, not descriptive, because of the primary approach from the perspective of faith and revealed truths. Instilling Islamic values, nurturing God-consciousness, satisfying spiritual needs, creating an awareness of the hereafter, spreading the Islamic atmos- phere in the workplace, and promoting healthy relationships should be complementary to the 3Es. Keywords: administration; american; approach; atari; beings; communication; human; islamic; islamic perspective; journal; knowledge; leadership; literature; management; muslims; practice; scholars; sciences; self; sense; social; source; staff; teachers; theory; time; values
• Islamization of Psychology: From Adaptation to Sublimation by Safi, Louay M. (1998.0) - Similarly, Skinner‘s conception of human nature can be summarized as fo~lows: - - human behavior is determined by external conditions, hence, identical human conditions produce identical patterns of behavior; mend structures, such as intention or will, are insignificant to under- standing human behavior; and therefore, the empirical study of human behavior is the only scientific method for making inferences about human psychology. But while early Muslim psychological writings can suggest to us some useful models of how we can draw on Divine wisdom embedded in revelation, they do not (by any means) amount to a full-fledged theory of human psychology, as the subsequent discussion illustrates. Keywords: action; human; nature; psychology; sciences; social; world
• Human Nature from a Comparative Psychological Perspective by Achoui, Mustapha (1998.0) - I would also like to point out that the Islamic vision of human nature and its characteristics, and of the personality of man, is too vital and comprehensive to be summarized. To formulate an Islamic vision about the characteristics of human nature and personality as a modem (Western) psychological concept, we have to clarify the Islamic attitude about three major dimensions with their ramifi- cations: the creation of man, the life of man, and the destiny of man (in the hereafter). Keywords: allah; behavior; good; human; islamic; man; nature; personality; perspective; psychological; psychology; schultz; social; subject; theories
• Stories of Menacing Globalization: A Review of Two Books by Burch, Kurt (1998.0) - We must engage other globalization stories. Retreat and Specters tell such stories to shape perceptions of globalization as a threat demanding vigorous schol- arly attention and creative political responses. Keywords: authority; conditions; democracy; globalization; matustik; social; state; stories; story
• Late Ottoman Discourses on Nationalism and Islam and the Contributions of Russia’s Muslims by Gökçek, Mustafa (2015.0) - Some of them defended the compatibility of Turkish nationalism with Islam. This approach started a debate among intellectual circles on Turkish nationalism, to which İzmirli İsmail Hakkı (1869-1946) responded to through the pages of Sebilürreşad. Keywords: articles; fıkıh; gökalp; islamic; i̇slam; law; mecmuası; nationalism; ottoman; religion; sabit; social; turkish; usul; örf
• Globalization, State, Identity/Difference: Toward a Critical Social Theory of International Relations by E. Fuat Keyman. Atlantic Highland: New Jersey, Humanities Press, 1997, 224pp. by Sitaraman, Srini (1998.0) - His book is an attempt to bridge the theory-metatheory gap found in IR theory and, at the same time, elevate critical social theory to the level of such first-order theories as the much maligned Waltzian theory of international relations. Critical social theory should be able to criticize and dismantle without relying on foundational support (i.e., without relying on positivistic moments). Keywords: keyman; social; theory
• False Dawn: The Delusions of Global Capitalism by John Gray. London: Cranta Publications, 1998. 234 pp. by Haneef, Mohamed Aslam (1998.0) - American free markets, according Book Reviews 141 to him, have an advantage in that they no longer bear the burden of social costs, unlike European social market economies. On the surface, it seems that these events merely support propagators of global free markets. Keywords: american; capitalism; economy; globalization; gray; markets; social; states; western; world
• The Nazarean Legacy: Religious Conflict in Pre-Islamic Arabia as Seen through Crew-Roman Eyes by Kopanski, Ataullah Bogdan (1998.0) - The Roman Christian and pagan texts can be used to illustrate the religious transformation of the periph- eral ‘‘third world” of ancient Arabia into the pivotal region of the “de- Romanization” of Jesus’s faith, where the message of Islam conclusive- ly crushed the power of Imperial Rome. Judas of Galilee, one of the commanders of the anti-Roman Jewish extremists, seized the stronghold of Masada, where his group committed mass suicide in 73 C.E. By 70 c.E., the Roman troops took Jerusalem, and Emperor Titus ordered the city razed to the ground. Keywords: american; ancient; arabia; arabs; c.e; century; christian; christianity; church; desert; egypt; emperor; empire; god; greek; history; islamic; jerusalem; jesus; jews; london; new; palestine; persian; prophet; reign; roman; sciences; social; syria; vol; yemen
• Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of Social Change: A Comparison with Hegel, Marx and Durkheim by Mohammad, Fida (1998.0) - For Ibn Khaldun usubiyuh is a very important and complex theoretical tool. Marx ground- ed the process of historical change within the context of the material con- dition of a society, while for Ibn Khaldun material forces play an impor- tant role but are not the only factors. Keywords: change; group; hegel; history; human; ibn khaldun; individual; labor; life; marx; people; power; process; social; society; solidarity; state; usubiyuh
• Democracy and Islam in Malek Bennabi's Thought by Zoubir, Yahia H. (1998.0) - Bennabi argues that, contrary to Islamic democracy, secular democracy confers upon humans guarantees and rights but does not pro- vide them with safeguards against the power of cartels and trusts or against the dictatorship of a class. Bennabi believed that the golden age of Islamic democracy was under the rule of the first caliphs. Keywords: bennabi; democracy; ibid; islam; islamic; malek; social
• Science, Objectivity and Ethics in Research Methodology by Arif, Nasr (1998.0) - On the different ways of knowing and their application in Islamic science, see Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam (New York: Barnes and Noble Publications, 1992), Rene Guenon, Crisis of the Modern World (Paris: Luzac, 1945), especially chapter 4 on “Sacred and Profane Science,” and Osman Bakar, Tawhid and Science (Kuala Lumpur: Secretariat for Islamic Philosophy and Science, 1991). This is particularly true in the case of social sciences where the need for multiple methodologies is most obvi- This paper consists of two parts. Keywords: change; ethics; human; islamic; knowledge; methodology; objectivity; research; science; scientists; social; truth; value
• The Concept and Role of Culture in Socioscientific Systems: Some Case Studies by Choudhury, Masudul Alam (1998.0) - When viewed in light of a transmitting medium for social change against the perspectives of different worldviews, the role of culture has been construed in terms of “cultural pluralism.” i s framework of the interactive knowledge model1* as an instrumental vari- able that cannot fundamentally bring about social change in the absence of its primal induction by the knowledge premise itself. Keywords: canadian; cause; concept; culture; development; economic; effect; government; human; ibn; indian; khaldun; knowledge; model; order; people; process; resource; self; social
• Issues in Corporate Accountability and Governance: An Islamic Perspective by Abdul Rahman, Abdul Rahim (1998.0) - Issues in Corporate Accountability and Governance: An Islamic Per spec t ive Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman Introduction Corporate power in the twentieth century has clearly emerged as a dominant social institution in the lives of citizens all over the globe. Third, what precisely do corporate accountability and govemance involve? Keywords: accountability; accounting; auditors; business; framework; governance; institution; islamic; managers; modem; shareholders; social; society
• THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE ECONOMY by Khan, Muhammad Akram (1997.0) - Islamic governments should adopt the following policies to control and regulate advertising: Set up a standing commission to oversee and monitor its contents, appeal, and format to ensure that it does not violate Islamic values; Once interest is banned, Islamic government has to undertake a complete restructuring of the financial sector. Keywords: economy; government; interest; islamic; land; market; people; property; public; rights; role; sector; social; society; state
• Muslim Minorities in the West: By Syed Z. Abedin and Ziauddin Sardar, eds. London: Grey Seal (Publications) Limited, 1995, 212 pp. by Haniff, Ghulam M. (1997.0) - Through fourteen rich and original articles, this book explores a plethora of problems confronting Muslims, both the recent immigrant arrivals in Europe, Australia, and North America as well as the indigenous followers of Islam in the Balkans, living within communal collectivities of the Western world. It examines “the sacrifices Muslims have to make and the price they have to pay to maintain or to acquire a Muslim identity.” Keywords: book; islamic; muslims; social
• THE IMPERIALISM OF EURO-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY IN A NONWESTERN CULTURE: AN ATTEMPT TOWARD AN UMMATIC PSYCHOLOGY by Khaleefa, Omar H. (1997.0) - Areas of study that quickly spread during this period were group psychology, clinical psy- chology, social psychology, and anthropological psychology. If one looks at the publications of the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society, psychologists classify themselves according to their fields or specific topic of hterest, such as social psychology, developmental psychology, abnormal psychology, psychotherapy, counseling, occupational psychology, psychometrics, media, women, and so on. Keywords: american; behavior; culture; development; education; euro; groups; individuals; islamic; journal; khaleefa; modem; motivation; need; psychological; psychologists; psychology; religion; sciences; social; society; study; sudan; values; world
• THE COOKS’ TOUR SYNDROME: TOWARD A CRITIQUE OF WESTERN ANTHROPOSOCIOLOGY by Mahroof, M. M. M. (1997.0) - The survey of anthropology edited by V. F. Calverton and published in the Modern Library Series (New York) in the 1940s gives an insight into the state of western anthropology up to World War II. Hence, western anthropology at that period was roughly his- torical descriptions of human institutions and the detailing of exotic lives of primitive (in the sense of lacking facilities) communities. Keywords: american; anthropologist; anthropology; british; communities; european; fieldwork; groups; law; life; people; races; sciences; social; sociology; studies; terms; time; western; world
• Pluralism in "Old Societies and New States": Emerging ASEAN Contexts by Amyn B. Sajoo. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1994, pp. 103. by Farooqui, Jamil (1997.0) - They have suc- ceeded in their attempt and distinguished themselves from other countries in the continent. He suc- cessfully explains, with suitable examples, how Islam tolerated the divergent ideologies and cultural traits from the very beginning of its emergence, and allowed them, with all protection and patronage, to co-exist. Keywords: democracy; ethos; pluralism; social; traits
• THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC lJTIHAD IN THE REGULATION AND CORRECTION OF CAPITAL MARKETS by al-'Alwani, Taha Jabir (1997.0) - Precise understanding of Islamic principles must inform both disciplines to establish the true complementarity between them and successfully apply the Islamic paradigm to economic problems. The solution must, therefore, come from the epistemo- logical and methodological point of view which carefully defines and applies Islamic principles, not tuqliil of the West. Keywords: absolute; approach; capital; economics; god; good; islamic; man; market; needs; principles; qur’an; requires; role; sciences; social; theory; time; truth; utility; values
• Administrative Responsibility: An Islamic Perspective by Abdel Rahman, Abdel Rahman Ahmed (1996.0) - Despite a plethora of mechanisms for ensuring administrative responsibility or bureaucratic responsiveness, many public bureaucracies may still be unresponsive and unaccountable. The first section presents and examines critically the modem literature on administrative responsibility. Keywords: accountability; administrative; administrators; behavior; bureaucracy; control; god; government; individual; islamic; motivation; policy; power; public; responsibility; sense; social; values
• Islam and Contemporary Western Thought: Islam and Postmodernism by Abdul Murad, M. Hazim Shah ibn (1996.0) - For Muslims, however, the choice need not be one or the other, for their pursuit of material power could be conducted legiti- mately within their own local religious paradigm, namely, one that has been Abdul Murad: Islam and Contemporary Western Thought 255 set by “High Islam.” High Islam, a pre-seventeenth-century phenomenon, had not yet witnessed the social entrenchment of scientific paradigms through technological and economic practice. Keywords: ahmed; contemporary; gellner; islam; islamic; muslims; position; postmodemism; social; thought; west; western
• Popular Culture in the Muslim World: Past and Present by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1996.0) - Coincidentally, these three books on popular Muslim culture were authored by a Jew, a Christian, and a Muslim, respectively. The Multiple Uses of Popular Culture The vast grey area between these two margins includes umpteen other descriptions of popular culture, such as real “texture of our environment” and “adjustive syndrome,” and Matthew Arnold’s “heedless democratiza- tion.” Keywords: ahmed; burke; cairo; culture; islamic; middle; muslims; people; shoshan; social; world
• New Discourses and Modernity in Postrevolutionary Iran by Irfani, Suroosh (1996.0) - According to him, fiction, art, and literature in postrevolutionary Iran are not necessarily a means of propaganda and “reflect a creative efferves- cence, born of immersion in present realities,”’* an “effervescence” that accounts for the cultural vitality discussed above and also underlined by recent studies of postrevolutionary Iran. This need for coherence by a critical, self-interpreting, and historically aware readership seems to be an important factor underlying the vitality, at the level of the literate intellectual culture, of postrevolutionary Iran. Keywords: culture; dictionaries; dictionary; discourse; experience; farhang; ibid; iran; iranian; islamic; language; modernity; new; past; persian; postrevolutionary; publications; research; social; tehran; terms; works
• Parables of Freedom and Necessity: The Rising Levels of Secularization as Manifested in Two Literary Works by Elmessiri, Abdelwahab M. (1996.0) - With this simplification of human nature and its reduction to the level of nature-matter, the world is caught in the web of materialistic hard causality and determinism, of cause inexorably and unambiguously lead- But this is the strength of someone who has shed off hisher humanness completely, who has failed to rise to the level of human laws and instead has become a natural, material, nonhuman individual who has submitted to Darwin’s iron laws of natural and physical necessity. Keywords: freedom; human; humanity; laws; love; matter; merchant; nature; necessity; power; rule; self; social; world
• Heresy or Hermeneutics: The Case of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd by Hirschkind, Charles (1995.0) - Indeed, once one has learned to differ- entiate properly the metaphysical text from the real historical one and to exclude the former as a suitable object of knowledge, it becomes possible to analyze the Qur’an as one would any other “sign system,” be it poetry, behavior patterns, or even “fashion trends,” as Abu Zayd suggests provocative1 y. l’ Abu Zayd identifies his own work as an attempt to establish an “objective” (mwdfi‘l), “scientific” (‘ilml) framework for the analysis and interpretation (tufslzr) of religious texts, a goal that evaded those Islamic thinkers who preceded him, as they failed to address adequately the his- torical dimension of their project. Supporters of Abu Zayd quickly brought the case to national attention via the Egyptian press, there- by precipitating a storm of often shrill writing from all sides of the politi- cal spectrum, in both the journalistic and academic media. Keywords: abu; abu zayd; divine; history; ibid; islamic; modem; past; qur’an; reason; religion; social; text; tradition; work; zayd
• Missing Dimensions in Contemporary Islamic Movements by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1995.0) - He classified Islamic civilization into Arab, Turkish, and Malay (ignoring Persian, Indian, and other Islamic civilizational areas) and divided west­ ern civilization into European and American. Because contemporary Islamic movements fail to effect change through an Islamic epistemological methodology, they a) resort to the violence of infidelization, b) cling to the letter of the early Islamic historical expe­ rience, c) defer to the metaphysical while neglecting the teachings of Islam related to interaction among the divine, humanity, and the universe, and d) seek to gain power in order to introduce change (by legislating sovereignty to God) through their own curatorship or that of a jurispru~ dent, while trying to appease Him by a cosmetic implementation of the Shari'ah, the penal code, and the ~udud. Keywords: change; civilization; god; humanity; islamic; movements; order; qur'an; social; ummah; world
• The Islamization of Knowledge: Yesterday and Today by al ‘Alwani, Taha J. (1995.0) - The initial articulation of the Islamization of Knowledge undertaking and the workplan was therefore produced in general terms. To them, the Islamization of Knowledge undertaking reflected an attitude of self-affmation through the attempted characterization of everything of significance as Islamic. Keywords: humanity; islamic; islamization; knowledge; methodology; qur’an; reading; revelation; sciences; social; society; thought; time; undertaking; way
• The Challenge of Modernity: The Quest for Authenticity in the Arab World Louay M. Safi. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1994, pp. 211. by El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (1995.0) - The question of modernization in the Arab world remains an inex­ haustible subject for debate precisely becau e But he makes no secret of his ideological commitment, based on a conception of modernization as a rationalization process, i.e., an emancipatory project, aiming at eliminating the supersti- 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12 1 tious and irrational elements of cuhre.” Keywords: modernization; safi; social; world
• Editorial by AbuSulayman, ‘AbdulHamid (1994.0) - In his endeavor to provide a holistic analysis of Islamic education, however, Rahman strictly avoids separation between what is theoretical, moral, and normative on the one hand, and what is practical, worldly, and positivist on the other. In a critique of modernist synthesis in Islamic thought, M. A. Choudhury sets the horizon for his inquiry with this question: Is there a possibility for the unification of knowledge in modernist epistemological com- prehension? Keywords: issue; social
• A Critique of Modernist Synthesis in Islamic Thought: Special Reference to Political Economy by Choudhury, Masudul Alum (1994.0) - Hence, for example, the statement “tawhid means the oneness of God” does not provide a sufficient cause-effect relationship for Islamic epistemology, for although the oneness of God is universally acclaimed by all religions, it is not operationally reflected in the order of the other epistemologies. Wittgenstein’s Theory of Language Games Used in Works on Islamic Economics Within this modernist philosophy of cultural transformation, what is the context of a theory of language as a construction of scientific epistemology? Keywords: choudhury; critique; economic; epistemology; islamic; journal; knowledge; language; methodology; modernist; money; new; occidental; order; process; qur’anic; reality; sciences; social; synthesis; theory; unification
• The Emerging of Islam in an African Township by Vawda, Shahid (1994.0) - As European colonization in southern Africa occurred in tandem with Christian missionary work, it effectively blocked the rapid advance of Islam southwards. The answer, I suspect, lies in the way that Islam was experienced by African Muslims in different institutional con- texts, the influences exerted upon the new converts, and the practice of their new religion. Keywords: african; conversion; islam; islamic; kwamashu; mosque; muslims; organizations; people; population; religion; social; south; township
• Islamic Discourse and Modern Political Methods: An Analysis of al Nabhani's Reading of the Canonical Textual Sources of Islam by Taji-Farouki, Suha (1994.0) - See also al Nab&-, a1 Sha&ijwh a1 Ishim@&, vol. 2, 123. yukattiluhum hawlahu), gradually creating a believing group (a1 kutlah a1 mu'minah) out of them. Keywords: approach; arab; basis; context; group; history; hizb; hizb a1; ideology; islamic; kutlah; modem; muhammad; muslims; nabhm; new; parties; party; phase; politics; program; reading; social; sources; state; terms; ummah
• Islamic Perspectives on Sustainable Development by Ansari, Mohammed I. (1994.0) - No other single topic of discussion seems to manifest these concerns more than that of sustainable development. This paper looks at sustainable development from an Islamic per- spective. Keywords: development; economic; god; human; islamic; life; sense; social; society; welfare
• The Imperialist Epistemological Vision by al Masseri, Abdulwahab (1994.0) - We can see that the persistent rhetoric on “human rights,” now led by the most imperialist administration in the world (that of the United States) is, in essence, an onslaught on humanity and human nature. To be sure, the Nazis applied the principle of material benefit in assessing the worth of human beings human beings (i.e., gypsies, children, handicapped and elderly people, German soldiers wounded in action, Jews, and Slavs) whom they classified as useless sectom (i.e. useless eaters, as the Nazi phrase goes). Keywords: human; humanity; imperialism; individual; nature; order; social; state; view; vision; world
• A Concept of Philosophy in the Qur'anic Context by Acikgenc, Alparslan (1994.0) - Clearly, this modem conception does not differ from the ancient-medieval stand, in the sense that all fields of human knowledge ate still conceived as a unified whole under one discipline: philosophy. Moreover, not only is it clear that the Qur'an makes this distinction, but it is self-evident that the distinction is maintained because of the possibili- ty of human knowledge concerning these two different worlds. Keywords: concept; conception; context; experience; god; human; islamic; knowledge; mind; philosophy; qur'anic; realm; revelation; sciences; sense; social; society; system; unity; worldview
• Ethnocentric Trends in Sociology: A Critical View by Farooqui, Jamil (1994.0) - Park (1988) asserts that the cultural biases of social sciences have acted as instrum ents of colonialism, racism and sexism disguised as universalistic knowledge and so has sought to develop a mechanism to balance the outsider views with those of the insider. Social thinkem of the period expressed an intense desire to develop a new science of Society that, once equipped with adequate methods and theoretical constmcts, could be used to study and better understand society and social phenomena. Keywords: humanity; knowledge; laws; life; mind; new; order; phenomena; science; social; society; sociology; study; system; view; world
• Budget Deficits and Public Borrowing Instruments in an Islamic Economic System by Kahf, Monzer (1994.0) - In other words, these modes of public debt financing provide the govem- ment with the flexibility of using the pmceeds as the budget planners see fit. Islamic law pro- hibits attaching any fringe benefits (i.e., tax duction, relaxation of the relevant deadline conditions for tax payment, providing facilities in the sale of certain public goods) to a loan and considers any such benefits a form of interest. Keywords: assets; borrowing; budget; debt; financing; form; goods; government; instruments; islamic; leasing; mark; modes; output; payment; private; projects; provision; public; sale; sector; sharing; social
• The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State By Halim Barakat. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 348 pp. by Ghadbian, Najib (1994.0) - Barakat’s proposed approach to the analysis of Arab society is one that he characterizes as dynamic (treating society as changing rather than static), dialectical (emphasizing social contradictions and class struggle), and critical (aimed at transforming the status quo). While Barakat is very critical of the orientalist obsession with stasis and division in the Arab world, he does not overlook the inter- nal contradictions of Arab society. Keywords: arab; barakat; social; society; vision; world
• Religiosity in Islam as a Protective Mechanism against Criminal Temptation by Al-Khalifah, Abdullah H. M. (1994.0) - a1 Tafsir a1 Isla- li a1 Inbi6f wa al Sulik al 1jrih-C Majallat Jdmi'at a1 Imam Mubmmad ibn Sa'Cd a1 Ishim- ouh, no. 3 (1990): 405-68. Cairo: DEr a1 Kitiib a1 'Ambi li a1 Tibi'ah wa a1 Nashr, 1967. Keywords: behavior; concept; control; crime; criminal; islamic; journal; law; mechanism; people; punishment; religion; religiosity; social
• Universal Social Culture: An Empirico-Revelational Paradigm of Shah Wali Allah by al Ghazali, Muhammad (1994.0) - Shsih Wali All& is aware of these degrees of intelligence, for he assigns the role of discovering methods of human social development on behalf of the rest to a gifted group of people. The value of Shiih Wali W s sociopolitical ideas, as an original contribution to Islamic thought, lies in his development of a total view of human life, in the context of which he explains the phenomena of human social organhation. Keywords: beings; human; humanity; ibid; ibn; individual; islamic; n.d; philosophy; shiih; social; society; wali
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1993.0) - He discusses Fuku- yama’s thesis in relation to the Muslim world: the fact that Prophet Muhammad is the final prophet means that he declared the end of reli- gious history, since he represented the final conclusion of that particular phase of human history. M d concludes that Mus- lims are shaping global history, but only unintentionally and with un- intended consequences. Keywords: history; islamic; social; sunnah
• Discovering Doris Lessing: Convergences between Islam and Her Thoughts by Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2016.0) - Keywords: Doris Lessing, Islamic feminism, women and Islam, anti-feminism, The Golden Notebook, Islamization and integration of knowledge, Lessing and racism, Lessing and misogyny Md. One commentator puts this love-hate relationship between Lessing and feminism thus: “And while she may have spent 50 years denying she is a feminist, for 50 years women have adored her” as one.54 Although both her experiences as a mother and her relationship with her children were marked by unconventionality, and there is ambiguity and am- bivalence about her decision to leave some of them in South Africa when she moved to Britain permanently in 1949, in her criticism of dominant trends of feminism Lessing shows genuine concern for the welfare of children and puts enormous emphasis on paying sufficient attention to their physical and psy- chological needs. Keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; american; doris; doris lessing; education; feminism; hasan; ideas; islamic; jan; journal; knowledge; lessing; life; literature; new; page; sciences; social; women
• Towards a Unified Approach to the Shari'ah and Social Inference by Safi, Louay (1993.0) - Thus it is safe to say that the complete exclusion of revelation from the realm of science is not due to any inherent contradictions between the universal elements of revelation and Teason, but can be attributed to the intemal con- tradictions between reason and western revelation and the internal conflict between the western scientific movement and the Christian church. This can be done by incorporating information about the nature of individual and collective action and inter- action; and b) the application of universal rules requires knowledge of existing conditions. Keywords: action; approach; empirical; islamic; knowledge; order; principles; reality; revelation; rules; science; social; truth
• Modelling the Economic Growth of an Islamic Economy by Akhtar, M. Ramzan (1993.0) - In the area of growth factors, he stresses the role of natural and human reSOurces and, particularly, research and development activities. This is usually taken as an index of economic growth. Keywords: allah; bounty; development; economic; economy; factors; god; growth; islamic; labor; life; output; production; qur'an; role; social; state
• Counseling Values and Objectives: A Comparison of Western and Islamic Perspectives by Jafari, Mumtaz F. (1993.0) - Unlike western counseling, Islamic counseling is based upon commonly held ideological belids and value systems and is therefore unived. Jafari: Counseling Values and Objectives 327 to present an alternative framework for contemporary counseling based on Islamic teachings, although such a model might be long overdue. Keywords: behavior; counseling; god; human; individual; islamic; life; new; objectives; self; social; society; spiritual; system; values
• Islam vs. Liberalism in Europe by O'Brien, Peter (1993.0) - Many Muslims forbid their children to go to public schools or force them to attend Qur’an schools where they unlearn what is taught in public classes (Imkens 1977). Such authors pre- scribe social programs designed to provide Muslims opportunities in housing, education, and employment equal to those enjoyed by Europeans (Hoffman-Nowotny and Hondrich 1982). Keywords: american; beings; enlightenment; europe; european; islam; islamic; liberalism; migrants; muslims; reason; self; social; und; values; west; world
• Islam in a Changing Europe: Cultural Identity, Citizenship, and Social Policy 11-13 Rabi' al Awwal 1413 / 9-11 September 1992 University of Bradford Management Centre Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom by Ahmad, Waqar (1993.0) - The focus on Islam was not intended to suggest that the consequences of ongoing 276 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102 events in Europe for other minorities were insignificant, but that Islam- being on the front line, as it were-could be treated as a metaphor for the serious predicament of all minorities in a changing Europe. Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Islam in a Changing Europe: Cultural Identity, Citizenship, and Social Policy 11-13 Rabf' al Awwal 1413 I 9-11 September 1992 University of Bradford Management Centre Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom 275 The conference Islam in a Changing Europe was held amid growing concern about the future of Islamic and other minority conununities in Europe. Keywords: europe; european; islam; social
• Mapping Mazrui’s Mind: Assessing the Mazruiana through a Bibliometric Lens by Haron, Muhammed (2016.0) - Sulayman Nyang, Ali Mazrui: The Man and His Works (Brunswick, ME: Brunswick Publishing Co., 1981) and Adem, Global African and Universal Muslim are serious reflections on Mazrui’s life as a scholar. Mapping Mazrui’s Mind: Assessing the Mazruiana through a Bibliometric Lens Muhammed Haron Abstract Ali Mazrui has left his enormous intellectual footprint in political science in general and African studies in particular. Keywords: academic; african; articles; bemath; book; journal; knowledge; mazrui; mazruiana; output; production; scholar; scholarship; social; studies; university; writing
• Islamic Perspectives on Theory Building in the Social Sciences by Ragab, Ibrahim A. (1993.0) - Islamic science is expected to detach itself from all those man-made formulations. Nasr (1988) did just this when he suggested that Islamic science should be based on the metaphysical and cosmological doctrines of certain se- lected outcast Sufis, whose ideas fall outside the mainstream of Islamic thought. Keywords: american; aspects; building; humanity; islamic; journal; knowledge; method; new; paradigm; psychology; research; science; scientists; social; theories; theory; world
• Sociology in Iran: By Ali Akbar Mahdi and Abdolali Lahsaeizadeh. Bethesda, MD: Jahan Book Co., 1992, 141 pp. by Farooqui, Jamil (1993.0) - The themes discussed above clearly indicate that Iranian sociologists have struggled to develop indigenous sociological thought in order to understand social issues and analyze human actions in their own sociocultural setting. It highlights the issues with which they dealt, because later on, such issues became the subject matter of Western social thinking. Keywords: book; social; sociology
• An Exploration into the Nature of the Making of Human and Artifcial Intelligence and the Qur’anic Persepctive by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (1992.0) - The concepts of human cultural symbols and the Qur’anic vision of human intelligence are intduced in support of this thesis. Some researchers believe that artifi- cial intelligence has the potential to become equal to or even superior to human intelligence, while others say that such a development is impos- sible. Keywords: beings; brain; cultural; culture; human; humanity; intelligence; language; machines; mind; social; symbols; thinking
• Consideration of ‘Urf in the Judgments of the Khulafa' al Rashidun and the Early Fuqaha by Faruqi, Muhammad Y. (1992.0) - (Beirut: al Maktab a1 &mi, ad.), 310. (Cairo: al M u ’ d al MiSrfyah al Keywords: abii; cairo; consideration; custom; example; ibid; ibn; islamic; law; people; practice; social; umar; urf; vol
• An Islamic Perspective of Organizational Controls and Performance Evaluation by Rahman, Mawdudur; Al-Buraey, Muhammad (1992.0) - A person brmgs hk/her religious beliefs and values to the work place, although they are not formally discussed or considered relevant to organizational controls. In fact, if the principles of the Shari‘ah are used, it will become apparent that there is a systematic link between the different aspects and factors of organizational control. Keywords: appraisal; control; criteria; evaluation; god; individual; islamic; level; motivation; organization; performance; qur’an; social; sunnah; system
• Islam and the Economic Challenge: By M. Umer Chapra. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation and IIIT, 1992, 428 pp. by Ahmad, Imtiaz Uddin (1992.0) - Furthermore, once such a threshold for a permissible level of wealth is established, economic policies of taxation, appropriation with compen- sation, or nationalization would have to be applied to maintain this arbi- trarily defined level of wealth concentration. In their attempt to design specific economic policies to remove or reduce the concentration of wealth, Islamic policymakers will have to resolve the problem of defining the term concentration. Keywords: chapra; countries; equity; islamic; policies; policy; social; state; systems; term
• International Conference on Social Development and Social Work Education: Catholic University of America, Washington, DC Muharram 15-19/July 13-19, 1992 by Rajah, Ibrahim (1992.0) - They also dealt with many di- verse fields of social work practice, for example, from family and child welfare to rural and urban community development. One of the major issues that loomed large throughout the delibera- tions of the two conferences was the place of values in social work and social development. Keywords: development; social; work
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1992.0) - Mohamed S. Fakir sets out to propose a methodology for the study of the history of Islamic science. He argues that narrative history and the logic of discovery are not adequate when one is trying to identify those key factors that have influenced the tradition of Islamic science. Keywords: islamic; issue; knowledge; science; social
• The Cultural-Symbolic Soul: An Islamically Inspired Research Concept for the Behavioral and Social Sciences by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (1992.0) - The Cultural-Symbolic Soul: An Islamically Inspired Research Concept for the Behavioral and Social Sciences This study deals with the nature of human cultural symbols such as language, thought, religious beliefs, knowledge, cultural norms and values, and science. The following analysis of human cultural symbols is inspired greatly by Islamic epistemology. Keywords: behavior; concept; human; humanity; individual; islamic; nature; sciences; social; soul; spiritual; symbolic; symbols
• Towards an Externalist History of Islamic Science by Fakir, Mohamed S. (1992.0) - A totality of Islamic scientific history cannot be envisioned except when external history is allowed to intersect with internal history. Fakir: An Externalist History of Islamic Science 201 is that of the contemplative, the gnostic (5r#, the level that has been recogmized throughout Islamic history as the highest and most comprehensive. Keywords: civilization; culture; development; history; ibn; islamic; knowledge; orthodoxy; power; science; social; tradition; view
• An Islamic Framework for Employer-Employee Relationships by Akhtar, M. Ramzan (1992.0) - -The Islamic state can interfere in the labor market for the purpose of interpreting or enforcing the contract. An Islamic Rimework for Employer-Employee Relationships Introduction Islamic teachings envisage a balanced society achieved through the functioning of Islamic institutions. Keywords: contract; employees; employer; framework; islamic; labor; level; minimum; rate; relationships; rights; social; state; wage; workers
• Nationalism and the Multinational State by Safi, Louay (1992.0) - People's resistance and acquiescence to political orders had always been in tesponse to state institutions and to the agitation of local leaders who had inspired them to support or oppose one dynastic rule or the other. It is m- worthy of intelligent beings to blindly commit themselves and give their alle giance to ethnic gmups or nations for, properly speaking, civilized individuals should support state institutions and give their loyalty to laws and principles. Keywords: arab; empire; german; groups; minorities; multinational; nationalism; nations; ottoman; social; state; system
• King Zumbi and the Male Movement in Brazil by Irving, T. B. (1992.0) - African slaves were the actual builders of Brazil, the hewers of wood and drawers of water, just as their fellow slaves formed the basic labor force in the West Indies and the North American South. In fact, this segment of Brazilian society produced many physicians, lawyers, and engineers for the new society that developed in independent Brazil. Keywords: african; american; bahia; brazil; brazilian; century; coast; king; movement; muslims; palmares; portuguese; slaves; social; state; west; zumbi
• Islam, Politics and Social Movements: By Edmund Burke III and Ira M. Lapidus (eds.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988, 332 pp. by Fazalbhoy, Nasteen (1992.0) - Its sensitivity to current analytical methods, the close ethnographic descriptions, and the wide sweep of its concern make it useful not only for contemporary Islamic scholats but also for those a m specialists and social scientists inter- ested in subaltern movements and protest movements in the modem world. Each author analyzes &stance and millenarian movements in precolonial (i.e., nineteenth- and early twentieth-century) North Africa. Keywords: islam; movements; social
• Epistemological Problems in Human Geography: An Overview and a preliminary Islamic Evaluation by Buang, Amriah (1992.0) - Buang: Epistemological Problems in Human Geography 11 Islamic answer is that we “break into” the continuous flux of human social life by integrating field observation with introspection: 46. That the Qur’an itself contains numerous economic guidelines, such as forbidding the institution of interest, is further proof that Islamic epistemology does recognize the reality of the economic mechanism in human social life. Keywords: empirical; epistemology; geographers; geography; human; islamic; london; realism; reality; social; society; space; structuration; theory; world
• The Transdisciplinary Approach: A Critical Appraisal from an “Islamic Perspective” by Paya, Ali (2015.0) - But such knowledge should not be conflated with the processes of personal experience in which the subject is unified with the object. Science/knowledge is objective (i.e., publicly accessible and assessable)5 and consists of our best conjectures about reality, all of which are expressed in terms of statements. Keywords: approach; conjectures; framework; islamic; journal; knowledge; meta; methodology; methods; nicolescu; paya; philosophy; popper; reality; research; science; social; technology; transdisciplinarity
• Toward Explaining Communal and Ethnonational Resurgence and Separatism by Ahmad, Mumtaz (1992.0) - The population of most of these states, especially in the Fertile Cres- cent, was fragmented and divided into various sects and ethnic groups. Recent studies have shown that ethnic groups hold multiple identities and that the hierarchical ranking of these identities keep changing. Keywords: east; ethnicity; islamic; middle; movements; national; new; pakistan; policy; politics; social; state
• Mass Media Analysis: Formulating an Islamic Perspective by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz (1991.0) - It is therefore necessary to formulate valid methods and techniques of looking into various uses and the impact of mass communication media on society. Inadequacies of the Existing Models These four major approaches of mass media analysis contain some useful strategies for looking at the mass media and its impact on audiences. Keywords: american; analysis; communication; god; islamic; journal; life; mass; mass media; media; media analysis; perspective; phenomena; qur’an; research; sciences; siddiqui; social; society
• The International Conference on Islam and Development in Southeast Asia: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Safar 4-5, 1412/September 25-26, 1991 by Altalib, Omar (1991.0) - Why have Islamic groups been unable to solve genuine social, economic, and political problems?; b) Is Southeast Asia going to look more like Western Europe, Japan, or something else in the next century?; c) Will governments continue to fight Islamic groups or become more tolerant?; d) Is Malaysia’s Islamic Bank really a successful experiment in Islamic banking; The single most indicative example of Islamic economic practices in Malaysia is the Islamic bank. Keywords: development; islamic; social; southeast
• The Islamic State: A Conceptual Framework by Safi, Louay M. (1991.0) - The legitimacy of the state, on the other hand, depends upon the extent to which state organization and power reflect the will of the ummah, for as classical jurists have insisted, the legitimacy of state institutions is not derived from textual sources but is based primarily on the principle of ijmii: More specifically, discussions will focus on the purpose of the Islamic state, the source of political legitimacy, and the scope of state power. Keywords: community; consensus; islamic; islamic state; power; rules; social; society; state; ummah
• Paradigms and Postmodern Politics from an Islamic Perspective by Winkel, Eric A. (1991.0) - A corollary of this benign ignorance is that the state’s power is legitimized by the voluntary participation of its citizens, and world systems are legitimized as spontaneous effects of changing needs, all under the aegis of a benevolent world order manager. This is a broadside against political science paradigms, untidy as it is, with too much mixing of different levels of analysis. Keywords: american; ashley; control; culture; discourse; gilpin; islamic; kuhn; new; order; paradigm; people; politics; power; real; rifkin; science; social; state; world
• Social Choice in an Islamic Economic Framework by Choudhury, Masudul A. (1991.0) - The nature of Islamic social principles comprehending the grand ecological order emanates from the ethical policies of shiit.ii and is carried through the media of interactions with social state variables. Consequently, the first order conditions of Pareto optima€ity do not apply in the case of Islamic social welfare optimization. Keywords: decision; economy; formation; function; islamic; making; policy; preferences; process; set; shiirii; social; state; variables; welfare
• Entertainment Video and the Process of Islamization in Pakistan: Theoretical Perspectives on a Policy Imperative by Khan, Fazal R. (1991.0) - An immediate challenge for such an approach would be the creation of an ISP index for a unit of programming as well as for an aggregate system of entertainment video messages. 33G. Chu, Alfian, and M. Pabottinggi, “Cultural Values in Television Drama,” (Paper presented to an East-West Center workshop on Evaluation and Planning for Satellite Communication Research, Honolulu, July 1979, p. 3). Keywords: analysis; communication; culture; entertainment; entertainment video; islamic; mass; media; message; research; social; society; system; television; values; video
• Women and Social Justice: Some Legal and Social Issues in Contemporary Muslim Society By Anis Ahmad. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1991, 128pp by Kahf, Mohja (1991.0) - But the alternative he proposes, that women reevaluate the role of “home engineer,” does not acknowledge the problems hidden in this role for Muslim women today: This role has been stripped by most local customs of Islamic guarantees of dignity and freedom and has been reduced to the level of drudgery under an ar- bitrary master. Too often this debate over the status of women results in bitter and useless finger-pointing in which the advocates of change in women’s conditions are labelled “Western,” as if one had to be Western to see anything exploitative about the present treatment of Muslim women. Keywords: ahmad; islamic; labor; social; women
• American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies: 111 Tolentine Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085 Dhu al Qa'dah 3-4, 1411/May 17-18, 1991 by Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M. (1991.0) - Sonn, on the other hand, elaborated on what she perceived as a distinction between Islamic historicism and the Islamization of Knowledge. Islamic historicism calls for “a critical assessment of the intellectual legacy of Islam with a view to: 1) understanding how it happened to assume the form in which we have inherited it; 2) distinguislng in the process between essential Islamic principles and their particular formualtion as a result of specific needs; and 3) determining how best to apply the essential principles of Islam in the contemporary context.” Keywords: islamic; islamization; knowledge; social
• Beyond Cultural Parodies and Parodizing Cultures: Shaping A Discourse by Abul-Fadl, Mona (1991.0) - Each would leave his imprint on the paths crossed, beginning with the monumental contribution to laying the foundations of a jiqhi jurisprudence by I& al Shlfi‘i and ending up, five centuries later, in a science of human culture and civilization with Ibn Khaldiin. There are those who maintain the incommensurability of traditions and defend their circularity and closure. Keywords: abul; american; culture; discourse; episteme; human; ibn; islamic; knowledge; modernity; new; oscillating; parodies; philosophy; point; rationality; reason; sciences; sense; social; tradition; vol; way; west; world
• Sociological Realism: An Islamic Paradigm by Ba-Yunus, Ilyas (1991.0) - As such, our assumptions about human nature remain fundamental to the analysis of human society, for they are basic to our view of any given individual human act. First, whereas animal and insect communities are species-specific universally, human society varies drastically from place to place. Keywords: ability; change; class; human; individual; knowledge; nature; new; norms; role; self; social; society; structure; time
• Trends and Issues in Contemporary Arab Thought by Abu-Rabi’, Ibrahim (1991.0) - Any serious study of the impact of Western modernity on modern Arab society has to consider the following questions: What is the historical background, and what are the contents of Western modernity? As a diverse and complex “intellectual” or “epistemological” construct, Arab thought can be broken down into the following discourses: 1) renaissance discourse; 2) political discourse; 3) national discourse; 4) philosophical discourse; and 5 ) Islamic doctrinal Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi‘ Trends and Issues 159 discourse (Diyib 1988). Keywords: arab; boullata; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; modernity; modernization; qutb; religion; social; society; thought; tradition; world
• Religion, Economics and Social Thought: By Walter Block and Irving Hexham (eds.). Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute, 1986. by Rashid, Salim (1991.0) - The description of Judaism and the Market Mechanism by Meir Tamari provides many parallels with Islamic market supervi ion, and there is even The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 1, 1991 173 note of a “normal price.” It is indeed 174 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vd. 8, No. 1, 1991 incumbent upon all Muslims called upon to judge in accordance with justice and God's will. Keywords: judaism; social; state
• Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur’an: Comments by AbdulHamid A. AbuSulayman by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1991.0) - Say: “Obey Allah and His Messenger”: But if they turn back, Allah loveth not those Who reject Faith. In the above verses we find Allah (SWT) expressing in the Qur’an His relationship with human beings and their good qualities in terms of love. Keywords: allah; islamic; love; social
• Editorial by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1990.0) - * viii The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. 1, 1990 Mona Abul-Fadl carries the debate in the disciplines to its epistemic foundations and this makes it possible to postulate alternative valid conceptions of social sciences compatible with different intellectual traditions. Scores of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars are completing their doctoral dissertations in social sciences involving issues related to Islam and Muslim society. Keywords: contemporary; islamic; science; social
• The Approved and Disapproved Varieties of Ra’y (Personal Opinion) In Islam by Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1990.0) - al-Maqdisi al-Hanbali, Al-kiib al-Shar‘iyah wa a l - M i ‘Abd al-Razziiq ‘Afifi, (Beit: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1402/1982), M. H. Kamali Keywords: bid'ah; bid'uh; freedom; god; hamdard; ibn; islamabad; islamic; karachi; opinion; prophet; qur’an; ray; right; social; speech; sunnah; truth; type; university; views
• Modelling Interest- Free Economy, A Study in Macro-Economics and Development by Tekir, Sabri (1989.0) - Since Islamic countries and Muslim scholars are just now trying to develop a new banking system according to Islamic prin- ciples, we should be strictly careful when using the term “Islamic Banks.” Islamic financial institutions conduct their operations in ways that steer clear of interest and conform to the Sharia, the Islamic code of law and ethics (p. 7).” Keywords: islamic; social; system
• ajiss-2693 by None (None) - Mohammad Hashim Kamali explores specific concepts and instances where Islamic law can be imaginatively applied . He strongly argues against the possibility of developing Islamic anthropology within the ethnocentric and positivistic framework of Western anthropology. Keywords: islamic; paper; sciences; social
• New Dimensions in Sociology: A Physico-Chemical Approach to Human Behavior by Mirza Arshad Ali Beg; Karachi: Hamdard Foundation Press, 1987. by Abu Mahmood, IJyas (1989.0) - Dr. Beg had in mind to shock sociologists into reading his book from cover to cover, he must be congratulated, for, no doubt, the title is intriguing, to say the least. Dr. Beg has also held several important posts in national and international organizations. Keywords: beg; book; social; sociology
• Moderation and the Performing Arts in Contemporary Muslim Societies by Alagha, Joseph (2015.0) - Dirāsāt fī al-Fikr al-Siyāsī ‘ind al-Imām al-Khomeini (Studies in the Political Thought of Imam Khomeini) (Beirut: Al-Ghadir, 2002), 175-85; Mahmasani, Falsafat Al-Tashrī‘ fī al-Islām, 137-245. 29. Khomeini, Dirāsāt fī al-Fikr al-Siyāsī, 173-75. 30. Keywords: ajiss32; art; bannah; dancing; deeds; fiqh; god; good; hasan_ajiss; ibid; islamic; jurisprudence; kamali; law; maṣlaḥah; moderation; page; social; wa al
• The Muslim World: Geography and Development by Dr. Mushtaqur Rahman; Lanham: University Press of America, 1987, 190 pp. by Azam, lkram (1989.0) - The third author emphasizes that Islamic development is holistic, aiming at the moral man in a moral society. Islamic development is necessarily comprehensive, which associates material development with 172 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. l, 1989 spiritual and moral values of religion. Keywords: development; islamic; social; world
• Second International Islamic Conference on Prevention of Drugs and Alcohol: Islamabad, Pakistan Shawwal 26-28 1409/June 1-3, 1989 by Kashif, Ghayth Nur (1989.0) - In the fourth session, Ghayth Nur Kashif, one of two Muslim-Americans attending the conference, emphasized the social context of drug abuse and presented a case-study of the positive efforts Muslim-Americans are making in combating the menace of drugs in the U.S. M. Taha Qureshi's paper, Modalities for Drug Abuse Prevention: Pakistan's Experience, that chronicled the emergence of heroin in Pakistan, highlighted the first session. Keywords: conference; drugs; islamic; social
• The Muhammadiyah’s Promotion of Moderation by Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin (2015.0) - In the perspective of civil society, this movement is neither a political community nor an economic community (market); rather, it is a part of as well as an actor in civil Islam. ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 69 Introduction The discourse about the development of civil society both in the western and Islamic worlds, along with its relationship to the concept of ummah (commu- nity), continues to gain attention. Keywords: ajiss32; civil; community; hasan_ajiss; idea; islamic; movement; muhammadiyah; nation; new; organization; page; public; religion; role; social; society; sphere; state; ummah
• An Early Jesuit Encounter with the Qur’an: Ignazio Lomellini’s Animadversiones, Notae ac Disputationes in Pestilentem Alcoranum by Shore, Paul (2017.0) - Ignazio is probably identical with “Ignazio Lomellini priest,” son of Carlo Lomellini and Mad- delena Brignole, also of a noble Genovese family.4 In doing so, the few known facts regarding its author will be reviewed, after which this essay will take up some of the lexical and syntactic issues with which Lomellini, as translator and commentator, engaged. Keywords: ajiss34; american; arabic; century; christian; commentary; folio; islamic; jesuit; journal; language; latin; lomellini; manuscript; marracci; meaning; muhammad; muslims; page; press; qur’an; shore; social; society; text; translation; university; work
• Second Annual Conference of the “ASEAN Muslim Social Scientists’ Forum”: Muharram 20-23, 1409/September 1-4, 1988 by Mutalib, Hussain (1988.0) - Some titles of papers included: “Muslim Studies in the Phillipines;” “Social Science Research in Thailand;” and “Social Science Research in Malaysia: the Case of Islamic Resurgence.” The theme for the meeting was “Muslim Scholars and Social Science Research,” aimed at documenting, discussing and analyzing the types of scholarship or research that have been done about Muslims in the Southeast Asian region, particularly within the ASEAN countries. Keywords: meeting; social
• Islamization of Knowledge: A Response by Hassan, Umar A. (1988.0) - The most vocal opposition, and the most unreasonable and, therefore, destructive, comes from other Muslims who have not themselves consistently put forth the effort required of those involved in du’wu. Those that do end up in the same hazardous landscape that many Western nations find themselves today, totally out of sync with the Sunnah of Allah. Keywords: islamic; muslims; nation; sciences; social; vision
• Editorial Note by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1987.0) - The second paper by Bogdan Meckowski compares Ibn Khaldun with Adam Smith, and other modern economists, giving Ibn Khaldun the prominent place he deserves. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences has been trying for the last four years to initiate such changes in the social and individual behavior, and Islamize the knowledge with the assistance of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists. Keywords: islamic; journal; social
• “Islamization of Knowledge” Seminar Held at the Institute of Education, London University by UK Office, IIIT - (1987.0) - Dr. Ahsan emphasized the need for using the original Muslim sources for writing Islamic history and said that a distinction must be made between Muslim history and Islamic history. Dr. Ayub was of the opinion that we must make a clear distinction between theory and its application. Keywords: islamic; social
• The Shari'ah and its Implications for Islamic Financial Analysis: An Opportunity to Study Interactions Among Society, Organization, and Accounting by Tomkins, Cyril; 'Abdul Karim, Rif'at Ahmed (1987.0) - The House of Islamic Funds is now busy establishing insurance companies, banks, and commercial companies to be run on Islamic principles in 14 coun- tries in order to pmvide Islamic believers with a full range of Western finan- cial services in ways that do not offend their faith. The Sharr'ah's Guidelines for Financial Behaviour The source of guidance for Islamic principles is the shuri'ah. Keywords: accounting; bank; business; capital; cash; countries; economic; equity; financial; interest; islamic; market; rate; religious; social; speculation
• Beyond Secular Liberalism: Islamic Activism in Lebanon by Marusek, Sarah (2018.0) - However, I also discuss the intellectual contributions of religious activist Imam Musa al-Sadr, as well as focus in detail on the divergent legacy of his Imam al-Sadr Foundation, the third (lesser known) movement. Based on almost two and a half years of ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon on the charities affiliat- ed with the three main Shi'i activist movements loosely comprising the Islamic resistance movement—Hizbullah, al-Mabarrat Associ- ation, and Imam al-Sadr Foundation—I describe how all three are selectively resisting some aspects of secular liberalism while accept- ing others. Keywords: association; beirut; charities; faith; fieldwork; foundation; hizbullah; imam al; islamic; lebanese; lebanon; liberalism; mabarrat; new; press; resistance; sadr; sadr foundation; secular; shi‘i; social
• On the Social and Cultural History of the Moriscos: University of Minnesota, 505 University Ave. S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55414 Phone: (612) 623-0629 by Abdallah, Fadel (1986.0) - Thus, the merit of this study is that it looks at the Moriscos from within, drawing upon their experiences which were recorded and viewed in Aljamiado literature. Professor Che- jne did an admirable job in illuminating the Moriscos’ attitudes and mentali- ty through his analysis of these different genres of Aljamiado literature. Keywords: arabic; author; history; literature; moriscos; social
• Ibn Taymiyyah’s Ethics: The Social Factor by victor E. Makari (Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983), pp. ix + 236. by Poonawala, Ismail K. (1986.0) - It is unfortunate that some bright and bold spirits of Islam, such as the celebrated Hanbali doctor and theologian Ibn Taimiya, have remained misunderstood not only in the West but also among the Muslims themselves. For instance, the author fails to analyze Ibn Taimiya7s program of reforming Islam by Tajdid (revival). Keywords: ibn; islamic; social; taimiya
• The Cultural Atlas of Islam: By Ismail and Lamya’ al Faruqi by al Faruqi, Ismail; al Faruqi, Lamya’ (1986.0) - From the ef- fect of the Q u r h on the development of literary Arabic to the function of ornamentation in Islamic art, from the meaning of Shri tzh, or Islamic law, to the achievements of such influential scholars as the historian Ibn Khaldun, these chapters form a superb introduction to the entire range of Islamic civilization. American J o d of Islamic Social Sciences Book Notice Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986 169 The Cultural Atlas of Islam Ismail and Lamya’ a1 Faruqi This magnifrcent book, published by Macmillan a month after the Famqis’ deaths, presents the entire world view of Islam-its beliefs, traditions, institu- tions, and its place in the cultures in which it has taken mot. Keywords: islam; islamic; social
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1990.0) - By identifying reason and revelation as the twin sources of knowledge, Islamic political thought is associated with such Qur‘anic concepts as TmW, Khi€ii@z, ‘Ibuduh, Ml, and the like. Moten exposes the subjective and ideological nature of political science in its own epistemic landscape from real life situations. Keywords: history; sciences; social
• Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1990.0) - 1. 2. 3. Selections From the Holy Qur’an Comments by AbdulHam-d A. AbUSulaym& Ye are the best Of Peoples, evolved For mankind, Enjoining what is right, Forbidding what is wrong, And believing in Allah. With Allah rests the end (And decision) of (all) affairs. Keywords: allah; concepts; munkar; social
• Islamic Law and Society by Safi, Louay M. (1990.0) - Shari'ah, or Islamic law, is a comprehensive system encompassing the whole field of human experience. That is, Islamic law aspires to regulate all aspects of human activities, not only those that may entail legal consequences. Keywords: islamic; jurists; law; rules; shari'ah; social; society; theory
• A Critical Assessment of the Issues of Objectivity and Subjectivity in Contemporary Western Socio-Behavioral Thought and its Muslim Khaldunian Counterpart by Dhuouadi, Mahmoud (1990.0) - It limits, on one side, the horizon of human knowledge to the materialistic empirical sense-based knowledge. On the other, it disregards the importance of the other types of human knowledge. Keywords: behavioral; crisis; human; ibn; islamic; khaldun; knowledge; man; mind; nature; objectivity; phenomena; positivist; sciences; social; social sciences; society; thought
• A Zero Efficiency Loss Monopolist: An Islamic Perspective by Bendjilali, Boualem; Taher, Farid B. (1990.0) - That is, the quantity produced moves from Q , toward the level of output Q,. The cmss partial derivatives Assumptions H.1 and H.2 together mean that for a fixed level of output (for a fmed level of profit), the entrepreneur‘s utility fuIlction increases with a decreasing rate as profit (as output Q) increases. Keywords: islamic; monopolist; output; profit; social
• Conversion to Islam: Untouchables' Strategy for Protest in India: By Abdul Malik Mujahid. Chambersburg, PA: Anima Books, 1989 by Siddiqi, Mohammad A. (1990.0) - Malik explains the elements of the complex social matrix in which the untouchables used conversion as a conscious and articulate protest against a cruel and unjust caste system. Malik suggests that the main variables in the process of conversion were the untouchables’ “aggressive and assertive behavior.” Keywords: conversion; social; untouchables
• Remembering Islam: A Critique of Habermas and Foucault by Winkel, Eric A. (1989.0) - How much greater is the resistance of the modern world to the establishment of the Ummah as the leader of human societies, or to the implementation of God's law in society, or to the stubborn refusal of Muslims to cede? Foucault very clearly locates the forces which created modern society by examining the change of two epistemes. Keywords: critique; foucault; god; habermas; human; islamic; knowledge; language; man; people; power; science; social; society; state; truth; western; world
• An Approach to the Islamization of Social and Behavioral Sciences by Ali, Ausaf (1989.0) - in social science theory, is known as the Grand Theory. Likewise, behavioral sciences took what they wanted from natural sciences, on the one hand, and social sciences, on the other. Keywords: behavior; concepts; god; grand; individualism; islamic; paradigm; science; scientists; social; social sciences; society; system; theory; values
• Siyasah Shar'iyah or the Policies of Islamic Government by Kamali, Mohamad Hashim (1989.0) - al 171alarh Ji al Dastr al :.trabiyah waft al ftkr al siyasi al lslirmi (Cairo: Dar al Fikr al ~rabi, 1973), with Ibn Taymiyah's al Siyasah al Shar'iyah, tends to indicate a shift in emphasis from a somewhat power-oriented system of govenunent to a more Shari'ah-oriented polity, a tendency that is characteristic of Hanbaff jurisprudence in general. Keywords: al siyasah; allah; god; government; hadith; ibn; islamic; law; people; powers; public; qur'an; ruler; shar'iyah; shari'ah; siyasah; siyasah shar'iyah; siyiisah; social; taymiyah; trust
• Interpersonal Communication: Modeling Interpersonal Relationship, An Islamic Perspective by Siddiqui, Mohammad A. (1988.0) - Interpersonal communication, on the other hand, is basically sharing of ideas between two persons. In a group, interpersonal communication would facilitate understanding each other and the goal or the task for which the group is created. Keywords: communication; group; human; ideas; orientation; relationship; sharing; social
• Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1989.0) - No. l, 1989 Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur'an Comments by :4bdullfamid A. AbuSulayman Translation In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful I. And those who Having done something To be ashamed of. Or wronged their own souls, Earnestly bring Allah to mind , And ask for forgiveness For their sins And who can forgive Sins except Allah? Keywords: allah; man; social
• Ibn Khaldun’s Fourteenth Century Views on Bureaucracy by Mieczkowsici, Bogdan (1987.0) - The writer in question was an Arab historian and philosopher, Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), who covered many topics of interest to economists, and who in some respects was head of the founder of the science of economics, Adam Smith. 180 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 superiority is perhaps understandable when one recognizes that Ibn Khaldun benefited from the rich intellectual tradition of the medieval Arab and Per- sian (Ibn Khaldun 1958: 111, 311-15) world, with scholars of the stature of Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Nasir ’hi, Nasr Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Dawwani, and others who carried on the Greek tradition of intellectual inquiry. Keywords: authority; bureaucracy; century; dynasty; ibn khaldun; islamic; mieczkowski; people; power; royal; ruler; sciences; smith; social; society; state; strata; views
• Re-Islamization of the West African Ummah A Model for Tajdid? by Doi, Abdur Rahman I. (1987.0) - , DiyZi al- H a m and Diya al-Whyat, and his son Bello’s, al-Ghayth al-Wabl. For example, the revolutionary and vastly respected North African scholar, Abd al-Karim al-Maghili al-TilmasZni, who traveled and lived in some of the key cities and states of Bilad aZ-Shn , such as Kano, Katsina and Gao, wrote treatises giving advice to some of the rulers, notably Muhammad Rumfa of Kano and Askia Muhammad of Songhai. Keywords: abdullahi; allah; bello; caliphate; islamic; journal; life; muhammad; muhtasib; muslims; people; political; rulers; shehu; social; society; sokoto; ummah; vol; west; work
• Toward An Islamic Administrative Theory by Sharfuddin, Ibnomer Mohamed (1987.0) - The basic postulates of Islamic theory and the variables it emphasizes in- clude the following: (1) Islamic administrative theory should be closely connected to the social philosophy of the Islamic system and enforce the moral principles of the larger Islamic society. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 229 Toward An Islamic Administrative Theory Ibnomer Mohamed Sharjkddin Introduction A comprehensive Islamic theory that can offer complete guidance for Islamic organizations and help clarify the behavior of organizations, groups, and individuals is yet to be developed. Keywords: administrative; authority; control; god; human; islamic; organization; people; prophet; social; system; theory; work
• Reorganization of Islamic Banking: A New Proposal by Anwar, Muhammad (1987.0) - Concluding Remarks At present up to 85 % of advances made by Islamic banks are on a mark- up basis while profit-sharing finance is insignificant. Therefore, savings are closely tied with investments and private banks will essentially become business banks fulfilling the Qur’anic injunctions against ribu and in favor of trade (ul-&lqamh: 275 and uk-Nissu: 29). Keywords: banking; banks; deposits; funds; interest; islamic; profit; social; system; units
• Principles of Governance, Freedom, and Responsibility in Islam by Turabi, Hasan (1987.0) - Any form or procedures for the organization of public life that can be ultimately related to Allah and put to His service in furtherance of the aims of Islamic government can be adopted unless expressly excluded by the shafi‘ah. Moreover, not everything is practically capable of enforcement through government law. Keywords: government; islamic; law; life; muslims; social; society; state; system
• Islam, Slavery, and Racism: The Use of Strategy in the Pursuit of Human Rights by Abdallah, Fadel (1987.0) - *' In another verse, we hear that part of the alms should be devoted by an Islamic government to free slaves. In the Hudaybiyah campaign, accounts tell us that when many slaves from the enemy camp came to the Muslim camp to embrace Islam, the Prophet announced that they automatically became free.45 Muhammad also initiated a very novel way to free slaves; history tells us that the slaves of war in the Islamic campaigns were set free if they taught ten Muslims how to read and write.46 History records the stories of several slave men and women whose attach- ment to the Prophet became proverbial, as did his attachment to them. Keywords: allah; cit; islam; islamic; muslims; prophet; question; slavery; slaves; social; teachings; vol; women
• The Islamization of Knowledge and Some Methodological Issues in Paradigm Building: The General Case of Social Science with a Special Focus on Economics by Arif, Muhammad (1987.0) - Problems and Provisos in an SRP for Islamic Economics Evaluating the performance of the Islamic economic system by the above stated set of criteria, has some very important implications for the SRP cur- rently under way in the area of Islamic economics. Muhammad ‘&if, “Toward the SharPah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution,” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, July 1985, pp. 79-99. Keywords: capitalism; concepts; economic; foundations; islamic; islamization; knowledge; paradigm; scientific; social; stratification; system; view; world
• Toward An Ummatic Paradigm for Psychology by Langgulung, Hasan (1987.0) - Scientific Progress Through Psychological Community The organization of psychological communities around psychological paradigms, as done by physical science communities around physical paradigms, will make psychological progress through normal and extraor- dinary science possible. The interdependency of scientific paradigms and scientific communities is one of the keys to Kuhn’s understanding of how the physical sciences historically have progressed. Keywords: community; knowledge; kuhn; members; paradigmatic; physical; science; scientists; social; world
• The Market Values of Islamic Banks and Ethical Identity by Rashid, Mamunur; Hassan, M. Kabir (2014.0) - Corporate revealed ethics and corporate applied ethics Jones, 1995 Proactive vs. reactive communication Jones & Wicks, 1999 Rashid and Hassan: Islamic Banks and Ethical Identity 63 ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 63 Balmer & Soenen, 1999 Actual, communicated, ideal, and desired ethical identity Farook & Lanis, 2005 Recent disclosure requirements have put forward the importance of social disclosures through annual reports Wilson, 2002 Irrespective of the level of ethical conduct, Islamic banks do not communicate Anas & Mounira, 2009 the information to the annual report. Author(s) This study examines the ethical iden- tity of Islamic banks in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and the Arab Gulf region under eight distinctive dimensions to explore the difference between ideal and communicated ethical conducts via annual re- ports. Keywords: bangladesh; banking; banks; business; commitment; eii; ge 0; identity; information; islamic; islamic bank; journal; malaysia; management; market; performance; shari‘ah; social; study
• The Micro-Economics Foundations of Islamic Economics: A Study In Social Economics by Choudhury, Masudul Alam (1986.0) - In building up this analytical framework of ethical economics, we study the field of social economics in general and of Islamic economics in particular as a field of social economics. The bottom-up approach to an ethical macro-economics also suggests that only when ethical economic relationships are first formed and progressively reinforced at the micro-economic levels, can the state thereafter promote the ethico-economic foundations of an Islamic society. Keywords: consumption; economics; equilibrium; exchange; islamic; level; menu; preferences; production; social; system
• Towards An Islamic Critique of Anthropological Evolutionism by Ma’ruf, A. Muhammad (1986.0) - The accepted theoretical system has provided to anthropologists a basis for outlining a comprehensive view of human history which is inextricably linked to the history of all organic life. D. HUMAN ECOLOGY Human ecology, in its widest sense of the relationships among man, his technology, and his environment has developed as a specialized branch of the materialist understanding of human history and cultural development which characterizes modem anthropological studies. Keywords: american; anthropology; biological; biology; culture; evolution; evolutionism; history; human; islamic; principles; sciences; social; studies; study; theory; thought; world
• Black Muslimness Mobilized : A Study of West African Sufism in Diaspora by Carter, Youssef J. (2019.0) - For African American Muslims in particu- lar, a visit to Senegal also entails taking time to visit tourist locations such as Le Monument de la Renaissance Africaine and La Maison des Esclaves on Gorée Island.28 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:1 Gorée Island in order to view the dungeons and shackles that were used to imprison captured African Muslims as they were forcibly migrated to their enslavement. Keywords: african; american; black; community; corner; diaspora; diasporic; faye; islamic; journal; kinship; moncks; muslims; mustafawi; new; pilgrimage; press; senegal; shaykh; shaykh faye; social; students; university; west
• Between Identity and Difference: Turkey’s AK Party and Its Discourse of Conservative-Democracy by Aslan, Ali (2013.0) - Indeed, authoritarianism and democracy share the same political ground in the sense that both rest on “democratic revolution” – the absence of a tran- scendental source of authority – and popular sovereignty: “[P]ower stems from the people” and yet “it is the power of nobody” (emphasis added).57 The legit- imacy of rule springs from nowhere but the people: “Conservative democracy considers political legitimacy to be based on popular sovereignty and the rule of law, which, in turn, is based on constitutionality and universally accepted norms.”58 Likewise, they champion a distinct form of rule other than author- itarian rule with respect to their acceptance of the democratic political ground and acting in congruence with those democratic procedures and mechanisms: “Conservative democracy favors a limited and defined form of political power. Keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; ak party; democracy; difference; discourse; identity; laclau; nation; new; order; page; party; people; politics; rule; secularism; social; society; turkey; unity
• Combating Terrorism through an Education for Democratic Iteration by Waghid, Yusef; Davids, Nuraan (2013.0) - Her re- search areas include democratic citizenship education, cosmopolitanism, and Islamic education. rage. So if education means to know how to be, then what underscores the meanings of education in Islam, which, as we will argue, are distinctly differ- ent from Islamic education? Keywords: compassion; education; ibid; islam; iteration; jihad; language; people; social; society; terrorism; violence; world
• A Critical Reassessment of Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis by Seif-Amirhosseini, Zahra (2013.0) - Both camps differ markedly in their understanding of the future of liberal democracy and of western civilization in general. For him, liberal democracy as developed in the cradle of western civilization is a universally acceptable concept and one that the world is now moving to embrace in a fun- damental way. Keywords: american; civilizations; clash; culture; development; dialogue; history; huntington; islamic; modernization; movements; religion; social; states; terms; thesis; western; world
• A Third Sector-Led Economic Model: Scopes of Islamic Entrepreneurship by Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (2013.0) - Cooperatives and social enterprises are the two main movements of third sector economics. Therefore, it needs to expand its conceptual base, domain of operations, and types of enterprises and objectives, it should ex- pand beyond cooperatives and social businesses to for-profit businesses to inject its provisions for social justice into the economic mainstream. Keywords: ajiss301; business; community; development; economics; economy; enterprises; entrepreneurship; islamic; market; model; new; profit; sector; social; wealth
• Kiai in Madura: Their Roles in Local Politics in Indonesia by Pribadi, Yanwar (2012.0) - Kiai pesantren are gener- ally regarded as the highest in rank. As a re- sult, according to many kiai, the PPP remained the only feasible party to pick – although prior to its Twenty-seventh Congress, the chairman of the NU, Kiai Idham Chalid, encouraged nahdliyin (the NU followers) to have free political aspirations – not only to the PPP, but also possibly to Golkar or the PDI.25 To avoid perplexity among the NU followers, the kiai decided to be more pragmatic by persuading nahdliyin to vote for a party that de- fends and promotes Islamic values, and this was considered by nahdliyin as a plea to vote for the PPP. Keywords: east; government; indonesia; islamic; java; kiai; leaders; madura; madurese; nuruddin; order; people; pesantren; politics; ppp; social; society; state; support
• Articulating “Responsibility” as a Prerequisite for the Arab Spring by Elewa, Ahmed (2012.0) - I queried the following dictionaries, using the website http://www. baheth.info/: al-Ubab al-Zakhir by al-Hasan bin Muhammad al- Saghani (1181‒1252), Al-Qamus Al-Muhit by El-Fairuzabadi (1329‒1414), al-Sihah fi al-Lughah by Ismail al-Jawhari (d. 1002, 1008 or 1010), Maqayees al-Lughah by Abul-Hussien Ahmed ibn Faris (d. 1004,) and Lisan al-Arab by Muhammad ibn Manzur (1233‒1312). 21. 24 As head of the school of languages and editor of the first offi- cial gazette, al-Tahtawi was well-positioned to import and arabize foreign terms,25 and it appears that he was the first to introduce the concepts of fatherland (watan) and patriotism (wataniyyah) into Arabic.26 He writes in the section on governance: Kings in their kingdoms have exclusive rights and upon them are obligations towards their people. Keywords: arab; elewa; fiqh; ibid; ibn; islamic; literature; mas’uliyyah; muhammad; new; people; responsibility; social; spring; term
• The Paradox between Women’s Educational Attainment and Social Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa by Haghighat, Elhum (2012.0) - In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, women’s increased access to education deviates from the expectations of the modernization perspective. Introduction The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region defies modernization theory’s expectations that increased education and reduced fertility rates lead to higher employment placements and improved social mobility for women. Keywords: countries; education; fertility; force; girls; labor; mena; modernization; percent; population; rate; region; school; social; status; women
• Action-Oriented Research in Education: A Comparative Study on A Western and An Islamic View by Noaparast, Khosrow Bagheri; Noaparast, Mohammad Zoheir Bagheri (2012.0) - This is because educational actions are attempts to change the present ac- tions with regard to some ideal states considered and expressed in terms of aims of education. The comparison between Clark’s view and the one we suggest that is inspired by the Islamic view of human action and shows that there are considerable commonalities between the two views as both of them avoid the mechanistic orientation and take human action into account. Keywords: action; education; human; islamic; means; noaparast; qur’ān; research; social; terms; value; view
• Islamization of Knowledge: Reflections on Priorities by Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah (2011.0) - (The Plan 1982, 12) As the two quotes above clearly state, Islamization of knowledge is con- ceived as a means toward a “political” end: victory of Islam in the cur- rent civilizational struggle to dominate the world that the sponsors of the Islamization of knowledge project consider to be the essence of the Qur’anicconcept of khilafah. With the khilafah assigned to humankind as a whole, the revelation ‒ especially in its last edition, the Qur’an ‒ addressed to whole humankind, knowledge basically tending to be universal, and only the future available to be shaped, one wonders why it is a particular people (in this case, Mus- lims) and their legacy and their spaces that are targeted by the Islamization of knowledge project? Keywords: american; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; muslims; need; new; plan; project; sciences; social; thought; use; world
• Religions As a “Life Fact”: Al Faruqi’s Impact on The International Islamic University Malaysia by Zein, Ibrahim Mohamed (2011.0) - It should be remembered that, during the eighties, al Faruqi was regu- larly visiting Malaysia. Quite obviously, al Faruqi saw in the establishment of the IIUM a great opportunity for implementing his ideas on Islamic education.9 Prior to this, he noticed that the experiment of the Chicago Islamic College was doomed to fail and it was quite unre- alistic to develop the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) into The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:356 a postgraduate school of Islamic studies in North America. Keywords: al faruqi; department; fiqh; iium; islamic; knowledge; religion; sciences; social; university; usul al
• Islamization of Knowledge After Thirty: Going Back To The Basics by Haneef, Mohamed Aslam (2011.0) - One of the lacuna behind the not yet fully developed field of Islamic economics is the nondevelopment of its methodologi- cal aspects. Since Islamic economics is a social/human science, the way for- ward is to develop an usul al-iqtisad, or methodology of social science, that may be quite different in its specific rule and cri- teria compared to the former. Keywords: banking; disciplines; economics; history; iok; islamic; islamization; knowledge; methodology; scholars; social
• Reflections on Science at the Interface of the Islamization of Knowledge Debate by Kirmani, M. Zaki (2011.0) - Writings on Islamic science in the eighties appear to be dominated by these ideas.8 Another important reason for religious interest in science was based on the fact that by now science had turned out to be the only source of power in the world. Muslim society’s general apathy for scientific orientation, and its inability to produce sig- nificant science even in its own institutions, led them to think that there was something wrong in the social foundation of modern science because it appeared to be a product of a Western social structure.7 In earlier phase, in which science was viewed as antireligion, it was perhaps rightly consid- ered that modern science is unable to flourish in a religious environment. Keywords: culture; growth; human; islamic; islamic science; islamization; journal; knowledge; nature; research; science; social; values
• Discursive Constructions of the Israel-Hezbollah War: The Struggle for Representation by Lau, Ursula; Seedat, Mohamed; McRitchie, Victoria (2011.0) - In resonance with this conceptualization of Islamaphobia, Deepak Kumar outlines specific discursive strategies that have achieved media prominence: Islam is a monolithic religion; Islam is a uniquely sexist re- ligion; the Muslim mind is incapable of rationality and science; Islam is inherently violent; and the West spreads democracy, while Islam spawns terrorism.31 Affirming Said’s argument,32 these media representations and images through their Manichean stance set up a presumed us-and-them polarization between the West and the global Muslim community,33 such that the latter are depicted as enemies to Western society.34 Discourse, War Journalism, and the Struggle for Representation The media, however, have drawn a chorus of conflicting criticism, some pro-Arab and others pro-Israel, concerning the broader Arab/Palestine- 7Discursive Constructions of the Israel-Hezbollah War Israeli conflict.35 Both contend that the North American media are biased in similar ways—for instance, in disproportionate, unfavorable reporting, cultural stereotyping of Arabs and Jews respectively, distorted views on the conflict, and reporting with double standards.36 What strikes as the pivotal basis in these disparate representations is the power of language in the media to influence, persuade, or alter public opinion. As the texts illustrate, in setting up Hezbollah as the hostile imposing force, as an enemy to Israel specifically and to the ideals of Western The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:216 democracy generally, pro-Israel texts reinforce another ideology— specifically one, which attests to the right of the existence of the State of Israel: 1. Keywords: analysis; arab; august; conflict; discourse; guardian; hezbollah; hezbollah war; ideologies; ideology; israel; journal; july; lebanon; mail; media; news; palestinian; peace; social; south; star; sunday; texts; war; wenden
• Maqasid al-Shari`ah, Maslahah, and Corporate Social Responsibility (2007)* by Dusuki, Asyraf Wajdi; Abdullah, Nurdianawati Irwani (2024.0) - Indeed, Islamic corporations should endeavor to be the epicenter in the business galaxy of promoting good CSR practices. For a detailed discussion of each source, refer to Abdul Karim Zaidan, Al-Madkhal li Dirasat al-Shari`ah al-Islamiyah (Baghdad: Maktabah al-Quds, 1985), 190-215. Keywords: csr; islamic; l l; s l; shari`ah; social; u l
• The Role of the Chularajmontri (Shaykh al-IslOEm) in Resolving Ethno-religious Conflict in Southern Thailand by Yusuf, Imtiyaz (2010.0) - These members do not find Thai Islam or Thai Muslims offensive. The Thai state expected that its official head of the Muslim communi- ty at the national level, the chularajmontri (shaykh al-Islam), whose office was set up in 1945 to integrate all Thai Muslims into the new nation-state of Thailand (formerly called Siam), would play a significant role in resolving the southern conflict. Keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss-27-1-final-obay.qxp; bangkok; chularajmontri; conflict; islam; islamic; malay; muslims; office; page; pattani; pdf; social; southern; thai; thailand; trial; version
• The Islamic Ideology of Ali Shari’ati by Mohamed, Yasien (2010.0) - Dialectical Jihad and Islamic Ideology Shari’ati's ideology can be summed up as follows: Islamic societies are suf- fering from internal and external oppression, revolution is the only alterna- tive left for effecting change, and Islamic ideology is the main instrument for such a social transformation. How did he manage to blend Shi’ite theology and Marxist dialectical struggle to produce his own brand of Islamic ideology? Keywords: ali; ibid; ideology; islamic; khomeini; page; pdf; people; shari’ati; social; society; struggle; trial; version
• When Words Collide: Islam and Modernity – Alternative Paradigms, Contrasting Authentic Ideals by Farouk-Alli, Aslam (2010.0) - For him, it is far more apt to speak of “multiple modernities,” the plural reflecting the fact that other non-western cultures have modernized in their own way and can- not properly be understood if we try to grasp them in a general theory that was designed originally with only the western case in mind.6 Taylor elabo- rates further, arguing that from this view western modernity is inseparable from a certain kind of social imaginary and that the differences among alter- native paradigms need to be understood in terms of the divergent social imaginaries involved. Elmessiri, one of the few Islamic scholars who has seriously interro- gated the notion of secularism at a metacritical level, contends that the identity of western modernity is more in keeping with what he refers to as comprehensive secularism. Keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp; elmessiri; ibid; islamic; modernist; modernity; page; paradigm; pdf; religion; social; trial; version
• ajiss-365 by None (None) - Muhammad, its recipient and transmitter, thus becomes the speak- ing Qur’an (al-Qur’an al-natiq), the person who embodies and manifests the values contained in the silent (or textual) Qur’an, referred to as al- Qur’an al-samit. Immutable and Transient Rulings The distinction between immutable (al-ahkam al-thabitah)34 and transient (al-ahkam al-mutaghayyirah) rulings is that the former has been derived from revelatory sources with the explicit directive that it is applicable at all times and places. Keywords: ajiss; authority; ayatullah; divine; god; ijtihad; imam; islamic; issues; jurists; law; muhammad; new; page; prophet; qur’an; rulings; shari`ah; shi`i; social; time; trial; version; www.pdffactory.com
• ajiss-368 by None (None) - As religious texts are open to interpretation and convey different shades of meaning, this article analyzes khutbahs in terms of how Islamic texts are invoked and contextualized. The ultimate centeredness of Islamic texts appears vividly in an inter- esting incident. Keywords: allah; american; audience; islamic; khatib; khutbah; life; modernity; muslims; prophet; qur’an; social; sunnah; text; way
• ajiss-384 by None (None) - The conference was the first of its kind in that it brought together many African Muslims of the Free State province, which was and still is known as the Afrikaner province. We were so bought over by the ideal of One Muslim Identity that we never pondered deeply on the Quranic verse 13 of Chapter Hujurat … whilst the slogan of one identity drowned us, most of its originators kept their separate identities.43 He expressed his pride that fellow African Muslims such as Simphiwe Sesanti and Ebrahim wa Bofelo, who were MYMSA executive members in the mid-1990s, provided a different and important understanding of African (Muslim) identities in their Al-Qalam writings during that time. Keywords: african; ajiss; apartheid; cape; communities; community; haron; identity; imam; islam; islamic; journal; muslim community; muslims; organizations; page; pdf; social; south; south africa; trial; version
• ajiss-386 by None (None) - To be fair, the demonstrations in question were not the first ones to voice the ulama’s dissatisfaction with state social policies. Speaking for Islam: Ulama, Laïcité, and Democratization in Niger Abdoulaye Sounaye Abstract Unexpectedly, one of the marking features of democratization in Niger has been the rise of a variety of Islamic discourses. Keywords: cheick; democratization; islam; islamic; laïcité; niger; page; pdf; religion; social; sphere; state; trial; ulama; version
• ajiss-388 by None (None) - Language and the Emergence of Human Culture Based on the outlook of the ANTHS theory it is quite legitimate to look for the origin of human culture, because this is what distinguishes the human race from all other species. As such, human language is not only the source upon which the emergence of human culture depends, but it is also at the origin of humanity’s domination of all other living species through its sophisticated and complex cultural system. Keywords: aql; culture; growth; human; knowledge; nature; social; sociology; spirit; symbols; theory; version; world
• ajiss-395 by None (None) - In his latest book on European Muslims (Edinburgh University Press, forthcoming), he argues that Europe must come to terms with all of its past and present history and that Muslim communities should work to be integral to, rather than simply “integrated” parts of, Europe. The future may be uncertain, but it is at least clear that in some EU countries the attempt to direct the development of European Muslim communities from “home countries” has either failed or is failing.61 The psychological migration of European Muslim communities is underway, and as it fulfils itself the ownership of all aspects of Islamic scholarship will naturally be turned over to those who are European (and thus best equipped to understand European societies) and conversant in all relevant spheres per- taining to the contemporary twenty-first-century situation. Keywords: communities; community; europe; european; history; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; muslims; pdf; precedent; present; recognition; religion; social; state; trial; version
• ajiss-397 by None (None) - Shaykh al-Islam Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur, the father of modern Islamic economics, taught at Zaytuna University (Tunis), which traditionally ranked right after al-Azhar (Cairo) as the world’s leading Muslim university, and rose to become the Grand Mufti of Tunisia. The first English translation of the Qur’an that I have found with an index list- ing “love” was prepared by the Sufi shaykh Nooruddean Durkee, founder of Dar al-Islam in Abiquiu, NM, and completed in 2000 in Green Mountain, VA (www.an-noor.net). Keywords: american; crane; economic; freedom; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; justice; law; new; pdf; power; religion; rights; social; thought; traditionalist; trial; version; world
• ajiss-415 by None (None) - Indeed, Islamic corporations should endeavor to be the epicenter in the business galaxy of promoting good CSR practices. Section 3 describes the maqasid al-Shari`ah together with the principle of maslahah. Keywords: business; corporation; csr; harm; interests; islamic; maqasid; maslahah; principles; public; responsibility; shari`ah; social; society
• ajiss-416 by None (None) - This study seeks to provide a framework for understanding this phenomenon within the Islamic ethico-religious perspective by focusing on such natural disasters as earthquakes, cyclones, subsidence, and floods. Making Sense of Natural Disasters: An Islamic Hermeneutics of Malevolent Phenomena in Nature and Its Implication for Sustainable Development Abdul Kabir Hussain Solihu Abstract Islam states that both natural phenomena and humanity are cre- ated in the best conceivable pattern. Keywords: death; development; disasters; earth; evil; god; good; human; humanity; islamic; law; life; nature; people; perspective; population; qur’an; rate; social; world
• ajiss-435 by None (None) - In Qur’an Liberation, and Pluralism (p. 53), Esack suggests that the Qur’an is primarily addressed to the people of Hejaz living during the Prophet’s time. Atomistic readings of the Qur’an, in which individual Muslims pluck a particular verse because it speaks to them at that moment is fine for those particular individuals, since the purpose of such selections is not to find a master metaphor that renders the rest of Qur’an intelligible, but simply to find in a particular verse something that resonates with their current circumstances. Keywords: islamic; muslims; order; power; qur’an; reading; social; text; ummah; way
• ajiss-456 by None (None) - Without their own knowledge base, Arab countries will remain passive consumers of the international knowledge society.26 Presently, most Arab products are not competitive on the international market.27 Furthermore, Arab countries are unattractive to outside direct investment.41 Keywords: ahdr; arab; cooperation; countries; development; education; human; ibid; international; islamic; knowledge; report; research; school; social; society; weiss; world
• ajiss-506 by None (None) - British Muslims are caught in a quag- mire: Their loyalties are questioned by a society and polity that is still in the processes of establishing its “Englishness” from its “Britishness,” while growing Islamic political radicalism under- mines the already precarious relations between British Muslims and the state. Comprehensive demographic data on British Muslims became available only after a question on religion was included in the 2001 Census of the United Kingdom. Keywords: 9/11; asian; britain; british; islam; islamic; islamophobia; london; muslims; new; social; society; south
• ajiss-507 by None (None) - Consequently, the image of American Muslims took shape along- side the images of Muslims on television. The crucial component of this question’s answer is the role of the new actors in the American public sphere, namely, American Muslims. Keywords: 9/11; afghanistan; american; discourse; islam; islamic; media; muslims; news; people; representation; september; social; states; taliban; time; united; war; west; women; world
• ajiss-508 by None (None) - Liberating Afghan Women Nancy Gallagher Abstract Public opinion in the United States and elsewhere celebrated the liberation of Afghan women following the defeat of the Taliban government. This article explores media presentations of Afghan women and then compares them with recent reports from human rights organizations and other eyewitness accounts. Keywords: afghanistan; american; forces; girls; government; human; kabul; photo; power; rights; social; soviet; states; taliban; time; united; women
• ajiss-512 by None (None) - Of course, non-Islamic religious programming on national broad- casting networks would be tantamount to proselytizing among Muslims and, as such, is unconstitutional. A fifth non-Muslim concern is that non-Muslim religious instruction is not included in the school curriculum and can be held only outside school hours, while Islam is taught during school hours.61 Instead of instruction in their own religion, non-Muslims are required to take a course on moral education.62 Some non-Muslims have also expressed con- cern about what they perceive to be the increasing impact of the open or veiled introduction of Islamic content into compulsory subjects taught in public schools, while non-Islamic religions are completely neglected. Keywords: american; freedom; government; groups; identity; international; islamic; journal; kuala; lee; lumpur; malaysia; minorities; muslims; new; non; religion; revivalism; singapore; social; society; state
• ajiss-515 by None (None) - Islam and Democracy: Text, Tradition, and History Ahrar Ahmad Abstract This paper challenges the popular perception that Islam and democracy are incompatible, and argues that the lack of democracy in some Muslim countries is not because of Islam but in spite of it. Keywords: ahmad; american; democracy; god; history; islam; islamic; journal; law; mughal; muslims; new; ottoman; oxford; people; press; prophet; qur’an; rule; social; state; text; tradition; university
• ajiss-547 by None (None) - For other LGBTIQ Muslims, these online forms also serve as a means to other ends. LGBTIQ Muslim Attitudes about Religious Leaders and Mosque Communities Other LGBTIQ Muslims and their allies whom I interviewed expressed keen regret that area mosque leaders mourned Orlando victims in ways that neither fully acknowledged their LGBTIQ identities nor addressed the existence and needs of LGBTIQ Muslims. Keywords: american; area; community; detroit; gay; groups; identities; identity; islam; islamic; leaders; lgbtiq; lgbtiq muslims; mosque; muslims; orlando; people; public; queer; scholars; sex; social; vigils
• A Question of Presence and Agency: Mosques in the West, North and South By Earle H. Waugh by Gaber, Tammy (2019.0) - Waugh’s long history with the Edmonton Muslim community is evi- dent in the extensive detailing of the history of the first Muslims in Canada, focussing on Edmonton, Alberta, and the construction of mosque spaces in that prairie city. Chapter Seven (“New Narratives”) looks at five case studies that that exemplify a distinct shift in mosque design utilizing contemporary architectural language and reinterpreting patterned ornamentation on a large scale. Keywords: architecture; book; building; chapter; community; mosque; muslims; social
• Guest Editorial by Zaman, Meryem F. (2019.0) - Yamil Avivi’s work on Latina Muslims in the forum section further demonstrates that individual acts of advocacy and identity creation can empower other Muslims. Yamil Avivi’s work on Latina Muslims in the forum section further demonstrates that individual acts of advocacy and identity creation can empower other Muslims. Keywords: islam; muslims; social; subjects
• Elements of a Prophetic Voice of Dissent and Engagement by Anjum, Ovamir (2017.0) - To many religious American Muslims, the new sexual and gender norms heighten the cost of integration. It is no wonder, then, that for the vast majority of American Muslim indi- viduals and institutions, American cultural norms are the backdrop and justifi- catory framework within which Islamic norms are reformed and selected, and not the other way around. Keywords: ajiss34; american; consent; final_ajiss; god; homonormativity; homosexuality; human; islamic; muslims; norms; page; self; social; world
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2019.0) - Truths that help us make sense of facts can withstand contradiction by some facts, but ultimately, when facts are routinely violat- ed, when lies are systematically ingrained, the myth or truth for which facts are scorned also dies. By facts, I mean knowledge that is es- tablished by human instruments, either through direct observation or through dedicated systems of knowledge, such as science, and institutional arrangements for establishing or vetting social facts, such as investigative journalism. Keywords: facts; history; humanities; islamic; reason; social; truths; world
• Guest Editorial by Daniels, Timothy P. (2019.0) - Many of the White workers that voted for Trump share interests with most Muslims and other members of the working and middle classes but they have become hostile to identity poli- tics. After all, right-wingers often look to former Muslims or Muslim-bashing Muslims as experts to buttress their arguments against Islam. Keywords: islam; islamic; muslims; representations; right; social
• Les Salafistes and a French Reproduction of Certainties in a World of Uncertainties by Poljarevic, Emin (2016.0) - For example, the now well-established tripartite division of Salafi groups into pietists, political activists, and jihadis contradicts the documentary’s all-inclusive and definitive title.14 The component that these groups share is not just the name, for all of them have the same ambition: to purify their fellow Muslims’ beliefs and practices from what they consider to be “heresies.” In the MENA region’s increasingly fragmented Islamicate societies, the matter is complicated further when many regimes vehemently oppose the mo- bilization of Salafi groups or, for that matter, that of any civil society group be- yond its control. Keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; documentary; film; groups; islamic; jihadi; les; mali; page; salafistes; social; university; violence
• Sayyid Qutb: The Life and Legacy of a Radical Islamic Intellectual By James Toth (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 382 pages.) by Cory, Stephen (2015.0) - James Toth’s new text, which presents a general biography of Qutb, seeks to combine these functions by emphasizing the trajectory of his literary career along with offering a topical analysis of the major themes found within his writings. The book is divided into two main sections, the first of which describes Qutb’s life story from his childhood in Upper Egypt through his secular writ- ing career, increasing radicalization, involvement with the Muslim Brother- hood, prison years, and eventual execution by the Egyptian government in 1966. Keywords: islam; qutb; social; toth
• What’s in a Movement? Competing Narratives on Transnational Islam by Ugur, Etga (2015.0) - He adopts a rather limited defi- nition of social movements when he rejects this designation for the Hizmet movement on the grounds that it is “pro-systemic” in terms of national identity, EU integration, and neoliberal structural adjustments. Yavuz’s account is best when he puts these seemingly contradictory and outright confusing atti- tudes into perspective for outsiders: “[T]he movement is too Islamist and con- servative for some social democrats and secularist military, too liberal and pro-American for Islamists, too Turkish nationalist for the Kurdish national- ists, too Sunni-Hanefi for the Alevis, and too worldly for some Sufi-oriented Muslims” (p. 241). Keywords: gülen; hendrick; islamic; movement; new; politics; social; world; yavuz

• The Oxford Handbook of American Islam: By Yvonne Y. Haddad and Jane I Smith, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 560 pages.) by Tottoli, Roberto (2015.0) - The process is significant and promises further change that will connect American Muslims with global Islam. As rightly pointed out in the “Introduction” (p. 4), American Islam is the most heterogeneous in the world and no doubt constitutes the main issue when deal- ing with Islam in North, Central, and South America. Keywords: american; islam; muslims
• A Moment in the American Desert: Hassan Fathy’s Dar al-Islam by Gaber, Tammy (2015.0) - Origi- nally incorporated as a non-profit educational compound, Dar al-Islam con- tinued robustly as an educational center on Islam and host for retreats and educational groups. Dar al-Islam, which turned out to be Fathy’s only North American proj- ect, most fortunately occurred during the height of his career. Keywords: architecture; design; fathy; islam; mosque; university
• The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam: By Valerie J. Hoffman (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2012. 344 pages.) by Woodlock, Rachel (2014.0) - Her book is primarily a translation of a theological primer and supplementary text, preceded by a short introduction on the origins and history of Ibadi Islam to orient the readers and prepare them 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:1 ajiss31-1_ajiss 12/4/2013 2:16 PM Part 1, the abovemen- tioned introduction, outlines the book’s goal and presents a brief account of the emergence of Ibadi Islam in the context of the proto-Sunni/Shi‘i/Khariji split and the crisis surrounding the deaths of caliphs Uthman and Ali. Keywords: ibadi; islam
• Tripping with Allah: Islam, Drugs, and Writing By Michael Muhammad Knight (Berkeley: Soft Skull Press, 2013. 256 pages.) by Schubel, Vernon James (2014.0) - I have since read all of his books and have taught several of them in my courses on contemporary Islam and Islam in North America. Tripping with Allah: Islam, Drugs, and Writing Michael Muhammad Knight Berkeley: Soft Skull Press, 2013. Keywords: allah; islam; islamic; knight
• Moving the Mountain: Beyond ground Zero to a New vision of Islam in America By Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf (New York: Free Press, 2012. 240 pages.) by Kayaoglu, Turan (2014.0) - Several other American Muslims have written about the community. Few are as qualified as Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf to articulate a vision for American Muslims. Keywords: american; islam; muslims; rauf
• IIIT Intellectual Panels at the ISNA 50th Annual Convention by Willoughby, Jay (2014.0) - Ahmad began by saying that Ahmad al-Raysuni wrote Al-Shura: The Qur’anic Principle of Consultation (IIIT, 2011) to remind Muslims of this largely ignored approach mentioned in Q. 42:38 and Q. 3:159. Discussants: Mo- hammad Adam al-Shaykh, Emad-ad-Dean Ahmad, Wael al-Khairo. Keywords: ahmad; author; iiit; islam; islamic; muslims; panel
• Islam and Interfaith Dialogue: Some Observations by Willoughby, Jay (2014.0) - The second part of his presentation consisted of several historical obser- vations related to Christian views of Islam, Muslim views of other religions (especially Christianity), and how best to approach/view these two religions’ relationship. ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 161 162 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:2 The traditional Muslim view of Christianity and other religions has been largely negative (based upon several Qur’anic verses), exclusionary, and polemical. Keywords: islam; muslims; religion
• A History of Shi‘i Islam : By Farhad Daftary (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2013. 315 pages.) by Masterton, Rebecca (2014.0) - Despite the progress made in the study of Shi‘i Islam, few publications provide a comprehensive account of its history. Shi‘i Islam overviews key events going back to the time of Prophet Muhammad to “clarify misunderstandings” and illustrate the var- ious Shi‘i schools’ contribution to Islamic history. Keywords: islam; shi‘i
• Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement By Roel Meijer, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 463 pages.) by Poljarevic, Emin (2014.0) - Roel Meijer’s edited Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement, one of the first collected works to broadly analyze contemporary Salafism as a global religious movement for English-speaking audiences, presents this movement as a string of methods for approaching Islam’s canonical sources. In part, Salafism symbolizes a varied scholarly attempt to disentangle long-simmering ques- tions about conservative forms of Muslim activism, most of which concern the ethics of how Muslims are to conduct their lives, perceive their individual and group identities, and understand the pious order of political and social arrangements. Keywords: groups; islam; movement; salafism; tensions
• The Construction of Muslim Identities in Contemporary Brazil: By Cristina Maria de Castro (trans. Rodrigo Braga Freston) (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013. 182 pages.) by Karam, John Tofik (2014.0) - “It is not uncommon,” she writes, “to think that Brazilian women go to that mosque ‘searching for a husband,’” especially given the non-Arab, non- Muslim Brazilian female members of the center who married Arab Muslim male immigrants (pp. 12, 26). At the beginning, Castro relates her experience as a (presumably non-Arab and non-Muslim) Brazilian woman in the Islamic Center of Camp- inas. Keywords: brazil; islam; islamic; politics
• Ibn Hazm’s Legal Contribution by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2013.0) - ‘Abd al-Halim ‘Uways, Ibn Hazm al-Andalus¥: Juh´duh´ f¥ al-Baúth al-TŒr¥kh¥ al-îaèŒr¥ (Cairo: al-Zahra’ li al-I‘lam al-‘Arabi, 1988), 90. 10. Sharaf al-Din Abd al-Hamid Amin, Ibn Hazm al-Andalus¥ wa Naqd al- ‘Aql al-U§´l¥ (Kuwait: Dar Su‘ad al-Sabah, 1995), 54; ‘Uways, Ibn Hazm, 90. Keywords: analogy; consensus; hazm; ibn; ibn hazm; islam; law
• Observing the Observer: The State of Islamic Studies in American Universities By Mumtaz Ahmad, Zahid Bukhari, and Sulayman Nyang, eds. (Herndon, VA: IIIT, 2012. 258 pages.) by al-Azami, Usaama (2013.0) - This excellent study brings together a number of widely regarded Western scholars of Islam as contributors on the nature and history of Islamic studies in the American academy. The editors state that they seek to inform the lay reader as well as scholars in the field, but also feel that the “data and analyses […] will be immensely valuable for educational planners and administrators who are in- terested in strengthening programs of Islamic studies in institutions of higher learning” (p. xxvii). Keywords: essay; islam; islamic; studies
• Jewish Revival and Respect for Islam in Nineteenth-Century Europe by Willoughby, Jay (2013.0) - He promoted the integration of Jewish studies in seminaries and uni- ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 150 versities, insisting that the study of rabbinic Judaism was essential to under- standing the place of Jesus and the origins of Christianity. In European universities, Jewish scholars sought to present Islam to European readers as objectively as they could and to emphasize the Muslims’ achievements during the Middle Ages, which laid the basis for the Renaissance via scholarly production, literature, exploration, and travel writing. Keywords: christian; europe; islam; judaism; religions
• Localizing Islam in Europe: Turkish Islamic Communities in Germany and the Netherlands By Ahmet Yükleyen (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2012. 280 pages.) by Sahin, Emrah (2013.0) - Two of Yükleyen’s major contentions are that the migration experience increased religiosity among Turkish Muslim immigrants in Europe and that during the 1980s Turkish Muslim organizations struggled to control each mosque. Localising Islam would have been well served by providing a more bal- anced account of Turkish Islamic organizations. Keywords: europe; germany; islam; organizations
• Observing the Observer: The State of Islamic Studies in American Universities By Mumtaz Ahmad, Zahid Bukhari, and Sulayman Nyang, eds. (London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2012. 258 pages.) by Warren, David H. (2013.0) - As such, the reader will perhaps be both encouraged and disappointed by the state of Islamic studies in equal measure. Seyyed Hossein Nasr is, in turn, sharply critical of Islamic studies in the United States when compared to European universities. Keywords: american; islam; islamic; studies
• Islam in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan: The Morality of Experience By Johan Rasanayagam (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 281 pages.) by DeWeese, Devin (2013.0) - One wonders if he is not providing an updated, but no less misleading, contrast along the lines of the Sovietological constructions of “of- ficial Islam” vs. “unofficial” or “parallel” or “underground” Islam; indeed, the author goes too far, to this reviewer’s mind, in equating government-tol- erated Islam with “national” manifestations of Muslim religious practice, in- sofar as the state also supports, if less directly (and quite ironically), the official religious board that sponsors scripturalist madrasa training and contributes in 106 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:1 ajiss301-latest_ajiss 12/10/2012 6:55 PM Page 106 other ways as well to the production of critics of various aspects of the “na- tional” practice of Islam. This volume is a good contribution to the growing body of ethnographic lit- erature on religious life in Central Asia; it adds substantively to the diverse perspectives on the practice of Islam in Uzbekistan that have begun to emerge as, in effect, pieces of a puzzle that no single study has yet attempted to in- tegrate into a fuller picture, yet it suffers from some of the problems that plague nearly all recent ethnographic works on Central Asia, including an over-reliance on terminological discussion at the expense of the “voices” of the author’s informants, and a palpable reluctance to engage with any kind of historical perspective (beyond the Soviet era) that might illuminate reli- gious life today. Keywords: author; islam; religion; soviet
• The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past By Michael Laffan (Princeton and Oxford, UK: Princeton University Press, 2011. 320 pages.) by Sunardi, Christina (2013.0) - With its exploration of the makings of Indonesian Islam on multiple levels, this book would be of particular in- terest to specialists (especially historians) of Indonesia, Southeast Asia more broadly, Islam, and colonialism. Snouck, however, although working to better understand the religion in the region so that the colonial state could better control its subjects (pp. 146, 148), also contributed to the misrepresentation of Indonesian Islam. Keywords: dutch; indonesian; islam
• Islam and the Fate of Others: The Salvation Question By Mohammad Hassan Khalil (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 272 pages.) by Bazzano, Elliott (2013.0) - And although when discussing Ibn al-‘Arabi Khalil cites Chittick extensively, he does not mention Sands’ monograph on Sufi Qur’an commentaries, which treats not only the approaches of Ibn al-‘Arabi, but also of al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyya. Detailing the arguments of each thinker Khalil examines would be im- possible, given the space limitations of this review. Keywords: fate; ibn; islam; khalil; muslims
• The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective By Gabriel Said Reynolds (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012. 226 pages.) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2013.0) - These are followed by chapter 6, “Rethinking the Biography of Prophet Muhammad,” and chapter 7, “The Historical Context of the Qur’an,” wherein Reynolds asks what the Qur’an itself might teach us about the “story” of Islam’s origins. Part 2 provides a “critical” scholarly perspective of Islam’s rise through presenting the Qur’an, which, according to the author, is the “most ancient,” earliest and primordial (p. x), and “most intriguing” source of its emergence (p. 167). Keywords: emergence; islam; qur’an
• The IAMCR “Islam and Media” Working Group by Haron, Muhammed (2013.0) - Held during 15-20 July 2012 at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Dur- ban, South Africa, this international conference featured five sessions organ- ized by the working group’s Chair Basyouni Hamada (Cairo University) and his team. In her “An Analysis of Egyptian Journal- ism Attitudes towards the Islamist Political Power during and after the Par- liament Elections 2012,” Elamira Saleh (Cairo University) examined journalistic accounts of Islamic political power and how their authors both stressed and downplayed certain information. Keywords: communication; islam; journalism; media; university
• Islam and the Constitutions in Newly Reformed Countries in the Middle East: Putting an End to Tyrannical Rule by Hummel, Daniel (2012.0) - This language was incorporated into the Egyptian constitution long before the current revolution and the reform efforts.4 The provisions that Islam is the state religion and that Islamic law is at the very least a source of legislation is in a number of constitutions across the Middle East. and interpretation.13 Islam does not have a prescribed style of govern- ment leaving room for democracy to develop without impediment. Keywords: constitution; countries; egypt; islam; people
• Questions about Roger Scruton by Butterworth, Charles E. (2012.0) - It does not command Jews and Chris- tians “to take no divinity besides the one God and no lords from among each other” (Scruton, 36), but simply declares to “the people of the book,” that is, to Jews and Christians, what is central to Islam, namely, monothe- ism without priestly hierarchy. Forum Questions about Roger Scruton1 Charles E. Butterworth Roger Scruton, known for his good-natured conservatism and general at- tempts to defend traditional Western life, seems blind to the novelty of our globalized world as he conflates Islam with radical Islam and at- tacks Muslims as though all were Islamists. Keywords: islam; muslims; scruton
• Not Truth But Tolerance: A (Much Belated) Response to Atif Khalil by Jackson, Sherman A. (2011.0) - Through- out Professor Khalil’s critique, however, it is not always clear whether his issue is with me or al-Ghâzalî, or both. For, as we shall see, Khalil’s critique is ultimately grounded in a fundamental and consistent misunderstanding of both al-Ghâzalî and me. Keywords: fayṣal; ghâzalî; islam; khalil; point; professor; reason; tolerance; truth
• The Butterfly Mosque: A Young Woman’s Journey to Love and Islam by G. Willow Wilson (Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart. hdbk. 304 pages) by Rashid, Hussein (2011.0) - It is a space that is inhabited by theological systems, religious ritual, history, culture, and most importantly, http://www.amazon.ca/s?_encoding=UTF8&search-alias=books-ca&field-author=G. Willow Wilson Book Reviews 141 people. G. Willow Wilson, author of the Butterfly Mosque, manages to avoid the extremes and writes a meaningful memoir that reflects the beauty and ugliness of being a Muslim and an American. Keywords: islam; wilson; women
• Muhammad and the Believers at the Origins of Islam: By Fred M. Donner (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2010, hbk., 280 pages) by Schubel, Vernon James (2011.0) - Donner presents Muhammad and the Believers as a popular book and, more importantly, as a potential undergraduate textbook suitable for in- troductory courses on Islamic history and Islam. And that is a pity, for in my opinion, the success of The Venture of Is- lam, vol. 1 as an introduction to the early period of Islamic history is rooted in the fact that it does precisely what Donner claims to set out to do ‒ take the religious dimensions of the early history of Islam seriously. Keywords: donner; islam
• Wissenschaft des Judentums as a Paradigm for New Muslim Approaches to Islam by Mohammed, Khaleel (2011.0) - In America, many Muslim scholars within the univer- sity environment have published material focused on new approaches to and interpretations of Islam. Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Mafhum al-Nass: Dirasa fi `ulum al-Qur’an Keywords: des; dubnow; geiger; history; islam; islamic; jews; judaism; judentums; muhammad; muslims; new; qur’an; scholars; studies; tradition; university; wissenschaft
• Submitting to God: Women and Islam in Urban Malaysia by Sylva Frisk (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2009. pbk. 216 pages) by Ababneh, Sara (2011.0) - The aim of Submitting to God is thus to treat pious women as agents and to understand the meaning of what they do as defined by the women themselves (5). In order to study how pious women impact Islamic dis- course and practice, it would be more helpful to examine the producers, and not the consumers, of Islamic knowledge. Keywords: frisk; islam; women
• Islam and Pluralism by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2010.0) - Due to the discrimination, outright Islamophobia, and other negative realities faced by Muslims in this country today, many of them find it hard to accept that religious pluralism still exists here; however, many Americans remain willing to stand with them. Hopefully Muslims will remember that the Islamic worldview not only implies religious pluralism, but that the Prophet’s sunnah actively encour- ages it. Keywords: islam; muslims; non; people; pluralism; world
• Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights: By Abdulaziz Sachedina (City: Oxford University Press, 2009. 249 pages.) by Mokhtari, Shadi (2010.0) - More specifi- cally, human rights proponents should adopt the view that modern notions of human rights can coexist with Islamic understandings of religious obliga- tions and collectivism. In Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights, Abdulaziz Sachedina calls for a new conversation between religious and secular forces to achieve an “over- lapping consensus” on human rights and its underlying principles. Keywords: islam; islamic; rights
• Psychoanalysis and the Challenge of Islam: By Fethi Benslama (tr. Robert Bononno) (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. 272 pages.) by Mozafari, Arshavez (2010.0) - Book Reviews 99 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 99 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 100 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 Section 3 begins with Benslama detailing the difference between the psychoanalytic categories of denial and disavowal (Verleugnung) and explaining how Hagar’s presence as the founding maternal figure in Islam has been disavowed by the religion to which she was so instrumental in bringing to fruition. In Psychoanalysis and the Challenge of Islam, Fethi Benslama, a psychoanalyst and professor, elaborates upon the precise undergirding apparatus that sustains the logic of Islamism as a recently conceived phenomenon. Keywords: benslama; islam
• Islam and the Army in Colonial India: Sepoy Religion in the Service of Empire by Nile Green (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 217 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2010.0) - Modern warfare, in the form of the first and second world wars, probably was the key stimulus that killed off the old sepoy barracks Islam and its adherence to faqirs. The main texts used are their biographies Book Reviews 123 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 123 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 Afzal al-Karamat and A`zam al-Karamat, whose very titles stress the cen- trality of miracle-producing to the function of being a faqir saint. Keywords: empire; faqirs; green; islam
• Islam Dot Com: Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace by Mohammed el-Nawawy and Sahar Khamis (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 280 pages.) by Siapera, Eugenia (2010.0) - Islam Dot Com belongs to the line of thought that seeks to discover how the Internet has been associated with Islam and the extent to which it may be thought to contribute to its democratization by providing a truly public sphere in which interested peo- ple can participate. On the other hand, the authors are cognizant of the lim- itations of the concept of “public sphere” when applied to Islamic contexts. Keywords: chapter; islam; new
• Peace Strengthens Human Prosperity: Islam and World Peace by Kayadibi, Saim (2010.0) - The second parallel session, chaired by Naim Hj Ahmad (USIM), fea- tured Zulkefli Hj Aini (Kolej University Islam), Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor (UM), Mohd Fauzi bin Mohd Amin (USIM), and Ahmad Fakhrurrazi b. Mohd Zabidi (UKM). The third parallel session consisted of Hajah Aynah bt Haji Yaakub (Department of Community Development, Brunei), Fariza bt Md Sham (UKM), Ratna Roshida Ab Razak (University Science Malaysia), Siti Rugayah Haji Tibek (UKM), and Syahiran Abd Latif (University Technol- ogy Malaysia Keywords: abd; islam; malaysia; parallel; peace; session; university
• The Taqwacores: By Michael Muhammad Knight (Brooklyn: Soft Skull Press, 2004. 254 pages.) by Rippin, Andrew (2009.0) - Knight does not present answers to what “American Islam” must look like, but he knows that “Saudi Islam” is different from “Pakistani Islam” and different again from “African Islam,” and thus there is no reason why some- thing distinctive should not emerge. Novels are ideal vehicles for learning and teaching about the situation of modern Islam. Keywords: american; book; islam
• Islamophobia – The Experience in Worlds Old and New: Lessons from Europe and Australia by Bruckmayr, Philipp (2009.0) - Tellingly, it became evident during the conference that a number of other scholars felt uneasy with using the term and opted for such expressions as anti-Muslim prejudice or anti-Islam discourse instead. Eventually, Irfan Ahmad rightfully stressed, anti-Islamic dis- course in the West as well as in places such as India is closely related to the desire of majority populations to protect an idealized status quo in an imag- ined home, which is constantly threatened by the tireless forces of (for example, demographic) change. Keywords: conference; discourse; islam
• The Public Sphere: Liberal Modernity, Catholicism, Islam by Armando Salvatore (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 293 pages.) by Johnston, David L. (2009.0) - In between, he has continued to hone his study of how Muslim traditions have developed in time and in various locales, and, in particular, how they have been affected by their confronta- tion with western traditions of modernity. The “Habermas effect” has three main weaknesses: (1) it ultimately rests on the shaky ground of pri- vate trust; (2) its theory is limited to a western view of the self and citizen- ship and, in the end, to the reach of a hegemonic western culture; and (3) this limitation leaves out the all-pervasive dynamic of religious traditions in most other parts of the world. Keywords: islam; salvatore; sphere; tradition
• Indonesian Islam in a New Era: How Women Negotiate Their Muslim Identities by Susan Blackburn, Bianca J. Smith, and Siti Syamsiyatun, eds. (Victoria, Australia: Monash University Press, 2008. 212 pages.) by Hashim, Rosnani (2009.0) - Chapter 6, by Siti Syamsiyatun, studies how Muslim women negotiated religious space in the case of the Nasyiatul Aisyiyah, the young women’s organization in the Muhammadiyah, whose leaders championed new ideas about women and Islam. The contributors have actually succeeded in voicing the views of Muslim women elsewhere, because the issues they discuss are common to other women in the Muslim world. Keywords: islam; islamic; women
• Who Put Hate in My Sunday Paper? by Safi, Omid (2009.0) - It is readily admitted that Israel remains both a rallying cry and a source of tension for many American Jewish organizations and American Jews. The lines of connection between the makers of the allegedly impartial and non-profit “Obsession” and politically partial Republican groups and pro-Israeli expansionist Jewish organizations continues to grow… • Keywords: aish; american; dvd; hatorah; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; israel; obsession; pdf; radical; shore; version
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2008.0) - Secular Muslims should stop their anti-Islamist campaign and try to come to some sort of modus vivendi with conservative Muslims, one that respects the con- servatives’ understanding of Islam (even while disagreeing), since their voice cur- rently serves not as a positive catalyst for reform in the community, but rather as a disservice to their co-religionists (and ultimately to all Muslims), by the way it plays into the neoconservative agenda. Editorial One of the paradoxes facing conservative Muslims in North America is that while their apologetic literature stresses “Islam as justice” – that justice is the paradig- matic Qur’anic virtue after piety – in the eyes of the general public the progressive Muslims have claimed the mantle of justice. Keywords: american; community; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; justice; muslims; public
• The Anthropology of Islam: By Gabriele Marranci (Oxford and New York: Berg, 2008. 182 pages.) by Newcomb, Rachel (2008.0) - One of the problems with past anthropological studies of Islam lies in the fact that they rely more on the religion as a deterministic structure that conditions identity formation, rather than on the emotional environment or individual agency. Gabriele Marranci’s latest book, The Anthropology of Islam, examines the history and current status of anthropological work focusing on Islam. Keywords: anthropology; islam; muslims
• Crossing Boundaries: Mobilizing Faith, Diversity, and Dialogue by Willoughby, Jay (2008.0) - Past and Current Examples,” consisted of Robert W. Lawrence (Albertus Magnus College), Mohammed Nimer (American University), and D. Jason Berggren. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 151 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Before the annual banquet’s keynote address, the late Dr. Louis Cantori was euologized by Mazrui and Roy Mottahedeh (Harvard University), Mazrui spoke of Cantori’s creative participation in interfaith dialogue, and commitment to cultivating mutual respect among Muslims, Christians and Jews through an enriched understanding of religious pluralism. Keywords: american; conference; dialogue; islam; muslims; panel; university
• The Qur’an as Matrix of Islamic Civilization and Society by Lawson, Todd (2008.0) - In the genre of literature that deals with the miraculous nature (i`jaz) of the Qur’an, various authors have sought to demonstrate the miracle of the Qur’an on various grounds: the compelling and matchless esthetic beauty of the Arabic; the quality of information and knowledge contained in the Book, either “scientific” or “religious”; and its miraculous transformative power, by which a new civilization was created through the work of devout believers whose souls had been changed. Thus Islamic civilization is seen to have an umbilical relationship with the Qur’an as revelation and text. Keywords: god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; qur’an
• The Fifth Annual Duke-UNC Graduate Islamic Studies Conference by Mian, Ali Altaf (2008.0) - Ebrahim Moosa’s (Duke University) concluding remarks ranged from highlighting the ethical and juristic dilemmas presented by technological reconfigurations and resuscitations of Muslim bodies in contemporary times to problematizing normative usages and mobilizations of ijtihad in response to the crucial challenges that (post)modern social imaginaries pose for Islam and Muslims. In his “‘What Their Hands Have Sent Forward’: Performatives of the Hand as Described in Qur’anic Exegesis and Hadith Literature,” Ali Altaf Mian (Duke University) explored possible reworkings of theorizing the performative (from John Austin and Jacques Derrida to Pierre Bourdieu and Judih Butler) using examples from Qur’anic verses and hadiths. Keywords: bodies; body; duke; islam; panel; university
• Islam Obscured: The Rhetoric of Anthropological Representation by Daniel Martin Varisco (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 226 pages.) by Daniels, Timothy P. (2008.0) - Chapter 1, “Clifford Geertz: Islam Observed Again,” argues that Geertz’s seminal text on Islam, contrary to its claims, is “neither scientific nor ethno- graphic” (p. 29) due to its profound lack of any analysis of primary texts, contextual depth, and cultural thickness. Varisco Book Reviews 123 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk describes the main thread of ethnographic studies of Muslims, from Evans- Pritchard to Gellner, Geertz, and his students I. M. Lewis and Michael Gilsenen, as concentrating on Islamic mysticism: “Once again, it seems as though anthropology came to Islam via the exotic, as though the mundane was too obvious, perhaps too boring, to require explanation” (p. 17). Keywords: islam; varisco
• Islam in History and Politics: Perspectives from South Asia by Asim Roy, ed. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. 224 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2008.0) - A professor at Royal Holloway in London and former president of the Royal Asiatic Society, Robinson is one of the most prominent scholars on (early) modern Islam in South Asia. This collection of essays consists primarily of the output of Australia’s first major conference on South Asian Islam, held in 1996. Keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; south
• Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static by Abdul Aziz Said, Mohammed Abu-Nimer, and Meena Sharify-Funk, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2006. 272 pages.) by Blumi, Isa (2008.0) - Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static challenges these prevailing currents in scholarship by actually engaging the audience in a fashion that does not concede Islam’s centrality to a larger human experience. Moreover, some of these chapters reiterate the desperate need to champion new modes of analy- sis that will help us move beyond the dangerous reductions of Islam to a sin- gle articulation of what the “West” supposedly is not. Keywords: islam; new; world
• Infidel: By Ayaan Hirsi Ali (New York: Free Press, 2007. 353 pages.) by Kueny, Kathryn (2008.0) - As a result, family life for Hirsi Ali was far from ideal. Throughout Infidel, Hirsi Ali drives home the point that all her success and all that she identifies as good and positive in her life is a result of her questioning and ultimately rejecting Islam. Keywords: ali; hirsi; islam
• Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians by F. E. Peters (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. 285 pages.) by Holtzman, Livnat (2007.0) - I found the chapters on the parallels between the Biblical and Qur’anic theistic con- cepts (chapter 1), Arabia’s pre-Islamic past (chapter 2), and the Makkan and Madinan periods (chapters 3 and 4, respectively) very interesting and well- written. From this respect, any- one teaching introductory courses on Islam might benefit tremendously from Peters’ historical and cultural insights as well as from the didactic method employed here. Keywords: book; islam; peters
• Editorial by Tourage, Mahdi (2007.0) - Bridget Blomfield’s unique “Studying Islam Abroad” covers an impor- tant topic that many of us who teach Islam in the academy often think about: taking students abroad to study Islam at a time when interest in such pro- grams is growing among American students.7 This allows them to acquire lived experiences of Muslim cultures, both positive and negative, while con- fronting their own biases. Shabana Mir discusses American Muslim women and cross-gender interaction on university campuses in the context of examining the nature of pluralism. Keywords: american; islam; percent; teaching
• An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi`i Lebanon by Lara Deeb (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 263 pages.) by Blomfield, Bridget (2007.0) - These women, having steadfastly studied their religion, locate themselves as pious women who can construct and define themselves in the modern world without succumbing to the pressures of western standards of modernity. For them, progress and modernity are not about materialism but about social welfare, where women are active agents in ending oppression and injustice through their centers that offer education and support. Keywords: deeb; islam; women
• Un-reading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an: Beyond the Binaries of Tradition and Modernity by Barlas, Asma (2007.0) - Forum Un-reading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an: Beyond the Binaries of Tradition and Modernity Asma Barlas I would like to thank AMSS, and specially Jamin Zine, for inviting me to address your conference on “Islam: Tradition and Modernity” today. I believe that Muslims can contribute to building such solidarities by envisaging an Islam beyond tradition and modernity, East and West, Self and Other, in order to embrace the inclusive vision inherent in the Qur’an’s teachings that at the heart of all creation is diversity, and that the function of diversity is, ultimately, to allow us all to “know one another.” Endnotes 1. Keywords: god; islam; modernity; qur’an; tradition
• Muslims in Western Societies by Helps, Lisa (2007.0) - Forum Un-reading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an: Beyond the Binaries of Tradition and Modernity Asma Barlas I would like to thank AMSS, and specially Jamin Zine, for inviting me to address your conference on “Islam: Tradition and Modernity” today. I believe that Muslims can contribute to building such solidarities by envisaging an Islam beyond tradition and modernity, East and West, Self and Other, in order to embrace the inclusive vision inherent in the Qur’an’s teachings that at the heart of all creation is diversity, and that the function of diversity is, ultimately, to allow us all to “know one another.” Endnotes 1. Keywords: god; islam; modernity; qur’an; tradition
• Indonesian Islam: Social Change through Contemporary Fatawa by M. B. Hooker (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2003. 310 pages.) by Daniels, Timothy P. (2007.0) - The strength of this book lies in its detailed exposition of a broad range of Indonesian fatawa and the underlying methods of reasoning, along with its provocative assessment of state intrusion into religious life. This book consists of an introduction, five chapters, and an epilogue and appendix of Indonesian fatawa sources. Keywords: fatawa; indonesian; islam; state
• Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace by Roger Boase, ed. (Ashgate: Hants, 2005) by Bullock, Katherine (2007.0) - Part Three, “Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Responses to Religious Diversity,” features two Jewish, two Chris- tian, and four Muslim responses exploring what it means to be committed adherents to their own faith tradition while seeking to respect those of other faith traditions or how, in the words of Anglican vicar Marcus Braybrooke, to “learn to see members of other faiths as fellow pilgrims” while remaining a “witness to one’s experience of divine mercy (p. 225).” Part One, “Defining the Issue,” has articles from three scholars who try to set the terms of the discourse: John Bowden talks about the Enlighten- 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:1 ment’s ever-present backdrop and how its rational and critical approach to religion has affected and engendered a modern need for religious dialogue. Keywords: book; islam
• Chinese Muslims by Armijo, Jackie (2006.0) - ”Albany: SUNY Press, 2000; Maria Jaschok and Shui Jingjun, The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own. The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam is an especially important contribution to the field, because it focuses on both Chinese Mus- lim women and the rare practice of separate mosques for women. Keywords: china; chinese; islam; islamic; muslims; scholars; women
• The Cham Bani of Vietnam by Phu, Ba Trung (2006.0) - On special nights called ong troon muk troon (Ramadan 27), some Cham Hindus bring fruits and sweets to the sang mügik to offer to Po Auloah and pray along with Cham Bani acars. Cham Bani tradition holds four days during Ramüvan in high esteem: the first, the fifteenth (full moon), the twentieth, and the thirtieth (the last day). Keywords: acars; bani; cham; cham bani; islam; mügik; sang
• Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah by Olivier Roy (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 349 pages.) by Hartmann, Noga (2006.0) - It highlights the importance of sociological factors in shaping modern Islam in the Arab countries and in the West. Globalized Islam is in the same category as Werner Schiffauer’s Die Gottesmänner: Türkische Islamisten in Deutschland: Eine Studie zur Her- 102 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 stellung religiöser Evidenz (God’s Men: Turkish Islamists in Germany: A Study To Produce Religious Evidence (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2000) and Ursula Spuler-Stegemann’s Muslime in Deutschland: Keywords: islam; roy; west
• Dialogue vs. Conflict: Islam at the Age of Globalization by Tatari, Eren (2006.0) - The first panel, “Global Islam and the West,” accommodated papers exemplifying the responses and contributions of Muslims to globalization. In the “Muslims, Integration, and the European Union” panel, Ahmed Yukleyen (Boston University) presented “Redefining Islam and Europe in Turkey’s EU Membership Process,” in which he discussed the mutual transformation of Turkish Islam and the cultural context of Europe. Keywords: islam; muslims; turkey; university
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2006.0) - Safi’s essay recognizes the unjust exclusion that many Muslim women face due to one particular unfortunate development afflicting the North American Muslim scene: The desire of many immigrant Muslims who come from strongly patriarchal cultures to try to reproduce these defective and harmful structures in North America. “According to the poll, the proportion of Americans who believe that Islam helps to stoke violence against non-Muslims has more than doubled since the attacks, from 14 percent in January 2002 to 33 percent today. Keywords: american; cartoon; islam; muhammad; muslims; pbuh; prophet
• Islam: Origins · Practices · Holy Texts · Sacred Persons · Sacred Places by Matthew S. Gordon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 112 pages.) by Tayyara, Abd al-Rahman (2006.0) - However, due to various political and religious developments after the Prophet’s death, new holy personalities, particularly in Shi`i Islam, emerged. Islam: Origins · Practices · Holy Texts · Sacred Persons · Sacred Places Matthew S. Gordon Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Keywords: chapter; gordon; islam
• The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists by Khaled Abou El Fadl (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005. 310 pages.) by Johnston, David L. (2005.0) - Today, notes Abou El Fadl, the fact that engineers, doctors, and even those with little for- mal education pontificate on issues of Islamic law is but one sign of a Muslim society in complete disarray. In the first chapter (“Islam Torn between Extremism and Moderation”), Abou El Fadl describes the split that divides the Islamic com- munity and helpfully defines the terms moderate (as opposed to modernist, progressive, or reformist) and puritan (not fundamentalist, militant, extrem- ist, radical, or jihadist). Keywords: chapter; islam; law
• Understanding Islam: A Guide for the Judaeo-Christian Reader by Jerald F. Dirks (Beltsville, MD: amana publishers, 2003. 394 pages.) by Fletcher, Charles (2005.0) - Divided into ten chapters, Understanding Islam attempts to outline Islam’s beliefs, doctrines, and practices in a manner accessible to the aver- age non-Muslim western reader. Into this array of publica- tions comes Jerald Dirks, who offers his contribution as an attempt to pres- ent an undistorted introduction to Sunni Islam based almost exclusively on the Qur’an and the Sunnah and aimed primarily at the western Christian reader. Keywords: dirks; islam; islamic
• Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance: By M. Fethullah Gülen (New Jersey: The Light, Inc., 2004. 269 pages.) by Yildirim, Yetkin (2005.0) - The author argues that in true Islam, terror does not exist. Gülen engages non-Muslims in Book Reviews 119 a discussion of dialogue by expressing the values of Islam, which are shared by many religions. Keywords: dialogue; gülen; islam
• Al-Maqasid: Al-Nawawi’s Manual of Islam by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, trans. and notes (Beltsville, MD: amana publications, 2002, rev. ed. 226 pages.) by Khoury, Najeeb Nabil (2005.0) - However, if novices first approach Islam through this book, they Book Reviews 143 might gain the mistaken impression that Muslims principally live their faith through fastidious observances of legal rulings that might seem empty, superstitious, or arbitrary without their being tied and related back to Islam’s central thesis: God’s ultimate oneness. Keller proceeds to show how Islamic legal scholars study their religion and make legal rulings for the community. Keywords: islam; keller
• Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam by Brannon D. Ingram by Mian, Ali Altaf (2020.0) - This missionary group has been the main engine for the global travels of Deobandī Islam from the 1950s onward. What happens to this “mutual imbrication of inward and outward” when Deobandī Islam goes global? Keywords: chapter; deobandī; ingram; islam; scholars; south; tradition
• A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism by Bobby S. Sayyid (London: Zed Books, 2003, 2d ed. 212 pages.) by Malik, Anas (2005.0) - The author claims that the Orientalists are wrong in their simplistic and sometimes racist essentialism, while the anti-Orientalists, by depriving Islam of all positive meaning independent of political whim and exigency, are throwing out the baby with the bathwater. Anti-Orientalists, as manifested in such writers as Hamid El-Zien, assert that there is not one “Islam,” but only many “Islams.” Keywords: islam; sayyid
• Islam in the African-American Experience: By Richard Brent Turner (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2003, 2d ed. 312 pages.) by Nadir, Aneesah (2005.0) - And third, it is in the urban centers that immigrant Muslims and African Americans converged and forged the link to global Islam and opportunities, missed or taken, to reintroduce African Americans to Islam. Turner argues that signification runs throughout the history of Islam among African Americans, dating back to the west coast of Africa, through the Nation of Islam, to many of its members’ conversion to orthodox Sunni Islam, and through Islamic messages disseminated via contemporary hip-hop culture. Keywords: african; american; islam; muslims
• Islam in Higher Education by Malik, Abdul-Rehman (2005.0) - In opening the conference, CSIC’s Bustami Khir, senior lecturer in Islamic studies, spoke of the critical role that such events could play in shaping the future of the study of Islam and Muslims in the United Kingdom. Since the end of colonization, the main centers of Islamic studies are trying to escape from this old Orientalist model; however, they face many obsta- cles, because the debate over Orientalism is not yet closed. Keywords: education; islam; islamic; muslims; studies; study; university
• Transcending Borders: Arabs, Politics, Trade, and Islam in Southeast Asia by Huub de Jonge and Nico Kaptein, eds. (Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002. 246 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2005.0) - However, the most recent developments in Muslim Southeast Asia will cer- tainly keep that interest alive, because some of the more militant key play- ers in Southeast Asian Islamic revivalism are themselves of Hadrami or southern Arabian descent. Book Reviews 99 Transcending Borders: Arabs, Politics, Trade, and Islam in Southeast Asia Huub de Jonge and Nico Kaptein, eds. Keywords: arabs; asia; islam; southeast
• Muslims and Islam in the Twenty-first Century: Image and Reality by Haque, Amber (2005.0) - Day three started with parallel sessions on “Muslim Identity,” “Islam, Democracy, and Politics,” “Open Session/Free Papers,” and “Education and Creativity,” followed by a panel discussion on “Contemporary Image of Muslims in the West.” Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 147 Muslims and Islam in the Twenty-first Century: Image and Reality The Muslim world remains embroiled in a whole host of religious, social, political, economic, and cultural disputes. Keywords: conference; iium; islam; muslims
• Islam, Postmodernism and Other Futures: A Ziauddin Sardar Reader by Sohail Inayatullah and Gail Boxwell, eds. (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2003. 374 pages.) by Zaidi, Ali Hassan (2004.0) - For instance, on the extreme end of the reformist current, Mohammed Arkoun (who also has a book entitled Rethinking Islam) argues that the insights of the modern human sciences compels Muslims to rethink Islam to such an extent as to question the very status of the divinely inspired Qur’anic mushaf. Followers of the Islamization of Knowledge project probably know the work of Ziauddin Sardar best for its trenchant critique of that project. Keywords: chapter; islam; sardar
• Interview with Yvonne Ridley by O’Shea-Meddour, Wendy (2004.0) - When I went to Pakistan in September 2001 to cover the build up to war, I deliberately checked into a hotel away from British journalists. To compete with men on equal terms in western society many women have sacrificed motherhood for their careers and that is a shame. Keywords: islam; meddour; muslims; o’shea; ridley
• Warraq’s War: A Critical Review by Ahmad, Ahrar (2004.0) - The problems and pathologies that certain parts of the Islamic world are currently confronting are not a result of “fundamentalist Islam,” but have their roots in Islam itself. Islam privileges the concept of “intention” over action or consequence. Keywords: book; fact; ibn; islam; jews; muhammad; muslims; people; warraq
• Islamic Peril: Media and Global Violence by Karim H. Karim (Montréal: Black Rose, 2003. 208 pages.) by Bonnefoy, Laurent (2004.0) - Karim studies what could be called the “Islamization of representa- tions”: the social construction of the linkage between facts of violence that are historically and sociologically rooted and the notion of Islam as an essence. Nevertheless, the author’s starting point and conclusions do not differ from those that Edward Said conceptualized in Covering Islam (1981) and, to some extent, in Orientalism (1978). Keywords: islam; karim; media
• Beyond Veil and Holy War: Islamic Teachings and Muslim Practices with Biblical Comparisons by Saleem Ahmed (Honolulu: Moving Pen Publishers, 2002. 224 pages.) by Reda, Nevin (2004.0) - Written in a question-and-answer format, the book answers many of these questions and calls for ijtihad, or objective soul-searching, in order to differentiate between behaviors that Islam preaches and the practices that some Muslims follow. The book presents an Islam that celebrates religious pluralism and is compassionate toward human weaknesses. Keywords: author; islam; muslims
• Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World by Carl W. Ernst (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 244 pages.) by Bennison, Amira K. (2004.0) - Although primarily directed toward non-Muslims, whose essentialist media-driven assumptions about Islam are constantly lamented by Ernst, it is also of interest to the Muslim reading public as a refreshing depar- ture from standard accounts of Muslims and Islam. Instead, he stresses the importance of non-Muslims recognizing the diversity of faith and prac- tice in time and space that characterizes Islam, just as it does all other world religions. Keywords: islam; muslims
• The Trouble with Islam: A Wake-Up Call for Honesty and Change by Irshad Manji (Toronto: Random House Canada, 2003. 247 pages.) by Mazid, Nergis (2004.0) - Together the 247 pages charge that “[t]otalitarian impulses lurk in mainstream Islam” (p. 3, original emphasis) and reform is crucial for the world’s security. Muslims who promote Islam’s egalitarian message and reconcile contradictions by engaging in discourse and contextualizing the Qur’an, the Shari`ah, and the Hadith, or cite cultural influence to renounce stoning, rape laws, or discrimination are not, accord- ing to her, following mainstream Islam as they would like to think. Keywords: islam; manji; muslims
• Sword of Islam: Muslim Extremism from the Arab Conquest to the Attack on America by John F. Murphy Jr. (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2002. 424 pages.) by Antonius, Rachad (2004.0) - The author even denounces the stereotyped image of Arabs and Muslims that dominate the American scene, and the reader can find such passages as the one given below: Another factor which inflames Arab opinion – among Christian Arabs and Muslims (yes, there are Christian Arabs, not only in Syria and Lebanon but in Egypt as well) is the defamatory image of Arabs which continu- ally appears in American books, newspapers, on television, and in the movies. Book Reviews 161 One finds such errors or inaccuracies on almost every page. Keywords: author; book; islam
• Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in the Middle East and Europe by John L. Esposito and François Burgat, eds. (Piscataway, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2003. 304 pages.) by Khan, Shaza (2004.0) - The term Islamist, he asserts, often serves to essentialize Muslim political activists by depicting them as a homogenous group comprised of Islamic militants. Modernizing Islam: Keywords: islam; religion
• Islam Our Choice: Portraits of Modern American Muslim Women by Debra L. Dirks & Stephanie Parlove, eds. (USA: amana publications, 2003. 298 pages.) by Khattab, Huda (2004.0) - Islam Our Choice, aimed primarily at non-Muslim Americans, tells the stories of fellow Americans who have chosen to follow a different path but who are still Americans. It is now well known that there are Jewish, Latinos/Latinas, and Native American converts, and, hopefully, their stories will be told in the near future in order to present a fuller picture of how Islam is reaching all sections of American society. Keywords: book; islam
• Cultural Diversity and Islam: By Abdul Aziz Said and Meena Sharify-Funk, eds. (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 2003. 240 pages.) by Bilici, Mucahit (2004.0) - As a compilation of papers presented at an international conference (1998) on “Cultural Diversity and Islam” at American University in Washington, DC, this volume brings together the contributions of a wide array of schol- ars. The first section, “Cultural Diversity in Civilizational Perspective,” provides a macro (and at times comparative) perspective on Islam and diversity. Keywords: chapter; diversity; islam
• Violence and Muslims by Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah (2004.0) - Given these new realities, many Muslims claim that the United States wants to suppress and wipe out all such groups, as well as any trends that it considers harmful to its hegemonic aspirations, espe- cially those countries or groups that do not want to Americanize themselves. During the communal riots in India, when Muslims protect innocent non-Muslims, non-Muslims also protect innocent Muslims against the members of their own community. Keywords: aggression; islam; muslims; people; violence
• Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam: By Mohammad Hashim Kamali (Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society, 2002. 184 pages.) by Ahmad, Ali (2003.0) - Modern Muslim thinkers who try to locate and construct constitutional tenets based on the Islamic tradition face various difficulties, for they have Book Reviews 183 The book, which includes a glossary of Islamic terms and an index, is a rich source of information on textual provisions and a historical account of how human rights were protected during the early period of Islamic civilization. 180 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam Mohammad Hashim Kamali Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society, 2002. Keywords: islam
• Taking Back Islam: American Muslims Reclaim Their Faith by Michael Wolfe, ed and the Producers of beliefnet (USA: Rodale Inc. and Beliefnet, Inc., 2002. 240 pages.) by Willoughby, Jay (2003.0) - And even more hopefully, it will encourage western Muslims to lessen their contin­ ued dependence upon the motherland. Hopefully, it will find a large audience among both Muslims and non-Muslims. Keywords: book; islam; muslims
• Islam Unveiled: Dist urbing Questions About the World's Fastest-Growing Faith by Robert Spencer (San Francisco: Encounter Boob???? 2002. 2 I 4 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2003.0) - Basically a collection of diatribes, invective, and ranting against Islam consolidated by a heavy dose of disinformation, Islam Unveiled reflects a discursive piece of work consistent with the lmperium's policies and inter ­ ests. With a pure secular discourse having proven ineffective in con­ fronting Islam, the same discourse has been repackaged in a religious garb, pouring old wine into an even older bottle in order to fight fire with fire. Keywords: islam
• Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life (Chicago, IL - August 29 - September 1, 2003) by Reporters' Committee, Convention (2003.0) - 230 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life Chicago, IL - August 29 - September 1, 2003 This panel initiated the convention's theme of Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life, based on Qur'an 16:90. Keywords: islam
• Muslim Europe or Euro-Islam: Politics, Culture, and Citizenship in the Age of Globalisation by Nezar AlSayyad and Manuel Castells eds. (Oxford: Lexington Books, 2002. 204 pages.) by Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2003.0) - Just as there are forms of Islam - each absolutely authentic - that are distinctive in Africa, Malaysia, or the Arabian Peninsula, Tibi calls for developing a form of Islam that is adjusted to European society and the values of individual human rights and liberal democracy. As a conse­ quence, Muslim populations in Europe find themselves part of, and to some extent a cause of, a complex process of European identity deconstruction and reconstruction from above and below. Keywords: europe; islam
• Overcoming the Polemics of Intolerance by Safi, Louay M. (2002.0) - The most recent, vicious, and mean-spirited attacks to date on .Islam have created a new paradox: Islam, which historically has provided an out­ standing model of religious accommodation and tolerance, stands accused of intolerance by intolerant and bigoted people. The emphasis that Islam places on these values is manifested in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the Companions' exemplary lives; in the Muslim society's historical experi­ ence; and in the ethos of contemporary Islamic reform movements. Keywords: islam
• Sharia and the Press in Nigeria: Islam versus Western Christian Civilization by Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa (Kano, Nigeria: Kurawa Holdings, 2000. 461 pages.) by Ejobowah, John Boye (2002.0) - These are reflected in the highly polemical book in which Ado­ Kurawa tries to trace the origin and nature of what he calls the hostility of western Christian representatives towards Islam. According to him, the failure of the armed campaign prompted Christian clerics to embark on an intellectual attack that entailed the negative representation of Islam in scholarly writings. Keywords: islam; nigeria
• Islam In America: By Jane 1 Smith. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 251 pages.) by Khattab, Huda (2002.0) - The comment, the American Muslim community is deeply concerned that anti­ Islamic feelings on the part of the general public are growing rather than abating, exacerbated by international incidents of violence carried out in the name of Islam and abetted by the unfortunate portrayal of Muslims and Islam in the media. While stating that the majority of Muslims in the US are either immigrants or African-Americans, the author notes that there are significant numbers of converts from other backgrounds too; mention is made of Anglos, Hispanics and Native Americans who have come to Islam. Keywords: chapter; islam
• Human Rights and Revolutions: By Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, Lynn Hunt and Marilyn B. Young, eds. (Pennsylvania: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. 253 pages.) by Sajoo, Amyn B. (2001.0) - Although the sentiment is intended to usefully complicate the canvas of contemporary human rights discourse, it is curious that the nexus of religion with human rights and revolutions receives no analytical attention at all in the volume's twelve preceding contributions - not even in Lynn Hunt's otherwise trenchant opening survey of The Paradoxical Origins of Human Rights. Ostensibly, what this book casts as the paradox of revolutions, as both fueling and under­ mining the pursuit of human rights, is played out by revolutionary Islamic movements that profess liberation (according to their own lights), only to deliver repression. Keywords: human; hunt; individual; islam; rights; society
• The Ambivalence of the Sacred: By R. Scott Appleby. (Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 429 pages.) by Sabet, Amr (2001.0) - First, it seeks to examine conditions under which religious actors become violent; secondly, the opposite circumstances under which religious actors reject the violence of religious extremists according to the same principles of religious sanctity; and thirdly, the settings in view of which non-violent religious actors can become agents of peacebuilding. Chapter 6 surveys the various functions and social locations of religious actors who work to resolve conflict nonviolently by serving as educators, advocates, intercessors, mediators and reconcilers. Keywords: actors; appleby; conflict; islam; religion
• Second Annual Conference of the Center for the Study of Islam & Democracy (CSID) by Sein, Layla (2001.0) - Furthermore, if institutions in democratic Muslim countries are developed according to western models, then the western model of democracy serves as the scale against which the compatibility of Islam with democracy in secular societies is measured. By outlining the historical development of secularism and its role in Muslim societies, the panelists did not only encourage Muslim activists to institutionalize democratic practices, but they also addressed Muslim scholars and activists from both the western and the Muslim worlds who are convinced that Islam is incompatible with democracy. Keywords: democracy; islam; state
• Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: A Critique of W. Montgomery Watt and Others by Zafar Ali Qureshi, Idara Ma'arif Islamic, Lahore, 1992, 2 Vols, p. 1103. by Kalin, Ibrahim (2001.0) - This opinion, however, is called into question by Qureshi, who believes that “Dr. Watt has presented a highly distorted picture of the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).” 162 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 18.2 Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: A Critique of W. Montgomery Watt and Others Zafar Ali Qureshi, Keywords: islam; prophet
• Between Memory and Desire: The Middle East in a Troubled Age by R. Stephen Humphreys, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999, p. 297.) by Yazicioglu, Umeyye (2001.0) - That is why the main argument of political Islam is not right: the primary thing the Muslims lack is not to have the political power in hand but to recover the spirit and basic practices of Islam at a collective level. Humphreys' discussion not only will help the outsiders understand Islam and Middle Eastern phenomenon better, but also will enable the insiders to view how things look from outside and do self-criticism. Keywords: author; islam; middle
• of Prophets, Pagans and the Middle East by Mir, Raza (2001.0) - Professor Haq positions postmodemism as the cultural logic of paganism, and as the epistemological context of all those impulses that challenge the prophetic and critical consciousness. Professor Haq has also been critical of postmodernism in his book, but his critique is centered around the issue of moral decay that is produced by postmodemism. Keywords: book; critique; example; foucault; haq; islam; postmodemism; professor; world
• Islam and Society in the Twenty-First Century by Kelli, Deonna (2000.0) - Participants reflected upon how globalization affects Muslim society and the cultural milieu of Muslims in addition to compromising the very meanings of Islam and essence of religious experience. Some of the audience members counteracted the presenter’s assumptions that globalization is a threat to Muslims, pointing out that Islam in its very nature is a globalizing force and Muslims can appropriate globalization for their own benefit. Keywords: conference; islam; muslims
• God of Battles: Holy Wars of Christianity and Islam by Peter Partner. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1998, 364 pp. by Boase, Roger (2000.0) - As Seyyed Hossein Nasr says, concerning the concept of jihad, Its translation into 'holy war,' combined with the erroneous notion of Islam prevalent in the West as the 'religion of the sword,' has helped to eclipse its inner and spiritual significance. I Partner also fails to explain that the purpose of jihad is defensive and that all forms of aggression are condemned in Islam: And fight in God's cause against those who wage war against you, but do not commit aggression -for, verily, God does not love aggressors (Qur'an, 2: 190). Keywords: god; islam
• Islam in the United States of America: By Sulayman S. Nyang. Chicago: ABC International Group, Inc., 1999. 165 pp. by Sillah, Mohammed Bassiru (2000.0) - In chapter 7, Nyang discusses the role of the Islamic press and in particular the Muslim magazines, newspapers, and refereed journals produced in the United States. Another significant point the author raises in chapter 6 is the problem of identity that became a major challenge for North American Muslims. Keywords: american; islam; states; united
• The International Symposium on Islam and Democracy by Bardakoglu, Ali (1999.0) - Hans Koechler, professor of philosophy from Austria, gave a talk on the evolution and philosophical background of Western democracies in which he discussed the philosophical roots of the Western concept of democracy and the inconsistencies between theory and implementation in the West from an analytical point of view. Likewise, the argument that Islam is incompatible with democracy because absolute rule belongs to Allah is similarly weak, it harms Islam and hinders a healthy development of democracy in Muslim societies within the framework of the rule of law because it reduced Islam to the level of secular ideologies. Keywords: democracy; islam; politics; process
• Encyclopedia of Religions and Society: By William H. Swatos, Jr (ed). SAGE and AltaMira Press, 1998, xiv + 590 pp. by Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (1999.0) - Despite the clear paucity of entries directly related to the study of Islam and the Muslim world, the encyclopedia is important to Muslim social scientists for a number of reasons. The need for Muslim social scientists to take their place alongside non­ Muslim sociologists of religion mirrors another parallel concern within sociol­ ogy of religion itself. Keywords: islam; religion; sociology
• Liberal Islam: A Source Book by Charles Kurzman. Oxford University Press, 1998, 340 pp. by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - I shall therefore not even attempt to review or summarize the individ­ ual contributions, but focus on the author's rationale and his justification for considering this particular collection as representative of liberal Islam. The third tradition, “liberal Islam,” is the subject of this anthology. Keywords: islam; islamic; kurzman; liberal
• Islam and the Discovery of Freedom: By Rose Wilder Lane, with an introduction and commentary by Imad-ad- Dean Ahmad. Amana Publications and Minaret of Freedom Institute, I997, 86 pp. by Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris (1999.0) - To understand the important place Mrs. Lane has given to Islam one has to understand the central thesis of her original work. However, in her understanding of Islam and of the politics of power in general, Mrs. Lane does not seem to fully appreciate the relationship between accountability and decision-making. Keywords: freedom; islam; lane; work
• Islam and Other Faiths: By Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, edited by Ataullah Siddiqui, Islamic Foundation and IIIT, 1998,370 pp. by Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris (1999.0) - In this, Islam is unique, for no other religion in the world has yet made belief in the truth of other religions a necessary condition of its own faith and witness. Islam granted the maximum respect and concession than can ever be given from one religion to another by recognizing the concept of tuwhtd, and there- by the one God, of other religions. Keywords: god; islam; islamic; ismail; muslims; professor
• Paradise Lost: By C.A.O. van Nieuwenhuijze, Leiden: Brill, 1997, 421 pp. by Sabet, Amr G. E. (1999.0) - One such instance, discussed rather extensively by van Nieuwenhuijze, is the “development” policies adopted by many Arab/Muslim countries, which in their subsequently exposed irrelevance turned out to reflect nothing more than a Westem worldview of economism, a view which ignores the “noneco- nomic” realities of the recipient societies (p. 11). Fundamentalists, according to van Nieuwenhuijze, are no solution to this problem. Keywords: arab; chapter; identity; interaction; islam; islamic; nieuwenhuijze; truth; van; west
• Understanding Islam in the West: Can Professional Journalism Help More than Overconfident Academia? by Ezzat, Heba Raouf (1998.0) - Kepel states in the sec- ond chapter that one cannot understand the assertion of Islamic identity in Britain without the context of the relationship between Islam and British rule in India; he also believes that Islam in France in the 1990s has developed within the wider context marked particularly by events in Algeria. Compared to the Western writings on the Ottomans accusing them of all kinds of horrible deeds, LeBor states that Ottoman Islam offered a civi- lized lifestyle for its minorities, Christians and Jews, at least by the stan- dards of the time and compared to other Christian European territories. Keywords: europe; france; identity; islam; islamic; kepel; lebor; muslims; west
• A Fundamental Fear-Eurocentrism and the Emergence of lslamism: By Bobby S. Sayyid. London & New York: Zed Books, Ltd. 1997, vi + 185 pp. by Asmal, A.M. (1998.0) - Khomeini very much reflects the postmodernist trend of decenter- ing the West, albeit in the Muslim world “it is only with Khomeini that the role of western discourse as universal interlocutor appears to be shaken. . . Likewise, some analysis of the Islamists and their responses to western critiques of Islamism would have been a useful dimension to the book. Keywords: book; islam; islamism; sayyid; west
• PRIVATIZATION AND THE ETHICS OF ISLAM by Pomeranz, Felix (1997.0) - In gen- eral, the “less developed” nations, including peoples of the Muslim faith, seem to have attracted the advocates of privatization. Disturbing results are obtained when the substance and process of privatization are juxta- posed to the teaching of Islam. Keywords: business; denationalization; ethics; example; islam; islamic; privatization; state
• The Vision of Islam: By Sachiko Murata and William C. Chittick. New York: Paragon House, 1994, xii+ 368 pp. by Woods, John E. (1997.0) - 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14:l The Vision of Islam By Sachiko Murata and William C. Chittick. The Vision of Islam forms part of a series, entitled Visions of Reality, designed to focus on religions as worldviews. Keywords: authors; islam; vision
• The Nearest in Affection: Towards a Christian Understanding of Islam by Stuart Brown. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995. by Hamedi, Jalal (1997.0) - The correct statement is that Muslims believe this, because there are many non- Book Reviews 125 Muslim Arabs and many non-Arab Muslims who believe that Isma’il lay on the altar. In my opinion, this book will cause more confusion for non-Muslims than it will help them to understand Muslims. Keywords: author; book; islam
• Islam in West Africa: Religion, Society and Politics to 1800 by Nehemia Levtzion. Aldershot, Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 1994. by Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh (1997.0) - One can only hope for a sequel that examines West African Islam in our era of global Islamic resurgence. Levtzion identifies two trend in African Islam: accommodation and militancy. Keywords: africa; islam; islamic; levtzion; west
• Islam and the West: Yesterday and Today by Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1996.0) - Which Islam and which West are we considering? In fact, prac- tically the only political unity observed in the West these days appears in its hatred of Islam, as shown in the case of Bosnia and Chechnya, where one has observed, with very few exceptions, the uniformity of silence, indifference, and inaction by various voices in the West in the face of the worst kind of human atrocities. Keywords: christian; christianity; god; islam; islamic; modem; muslims; religion; today; west; world
• Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East by Michael Gilsenan. London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 1993, 287 pp. by Vawda, Shahid (1996.0) - His book Recognising Islam is a detailed ethnography of the practice of Islam in the Middle East. Book Reviews 585 Book Review Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East By Michael Gilsenan. Keywords: east; gilsenan; islam; middle
• An Introduction to Islam: David Waines. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 332. by Mohamed, Yasien (1996.0) - Book Reviews 417 Book Review An Introduction to Islam David Waines. David Waines, Islamic lecturer at Lancaster University, divides An Introduction to Islam into three parts. Keywords: author; ibn; introduction; islam; islamic
• Islam in a More Conservative Western World by Mazrui, Ali A. (1996.0) - , But even with the immigrant half of the Muslim population of the United States, they are operating in a country of immigrants anyhow, unlike immigrant Muslims in France, Britain, and Germany. This creates a situation that is different from that of Europe, for it is becoming increasingly difficult to consider American Muslims as “foreign. Keywords: american; islam; muslims; states; united
• Editorial by Nafi, Basheer (1996.0) - Following in the hadition of Marshall G. S. Hodgson, John Obert Voll ventures into the history of Islam as an integral part of world history. But “civilization,” as conceived in most of the studies and analyses of world history, is now a societal lifestyle of the past. Keywords: islam; west; world
• The Mistaken Identification of “The West” with “Modernity” by Voll, John Obert (1996.0) - Understanding the difficulties raised by the identification of the West with modernity involves a broader analysis within the framework of world history and global historical perspectives. However, it is my hope that the broader effect of restating world history will not be lost sight of in the specifics of def- initions. Keywords: civilization; history; islam; islamic; life; modem; modernity; new; west; western; world; world history
• The Plight of Islam in Europe by Horvath, John (1995.0) - Cold war ideology, best described as “a perpetual war for perpetual peace,” has left an unexpected vacuum in world politics. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12:4 A New Paradigm Apart from the West’s basic misunderstanding and ignorance of Islam, the idea of international affairs as nothing more than titanic clashes of global dimensions between power blocs shows how the western world has not yet healed itself from the scars of the Second World War-a war caused, ironically, by western civilization. Keywords: cold; europe; islam; war; west; world
• The Rights of the Accused in Islam by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1994.0) - The word muttaham (accused) comes from the mot t-h-m meaning to taint or decay in the '% Khaldiia, a1 Muqoddinrah, 740-3; Awad, al Majaunh al 'Arabrjah, 101-3. '% Khaldiia, a1 MuqaaUmah. =Awa& al Maallat al ‘Arab@& is patt of an authentic hadith. Keywords: allah; authority; cases; evidence; ibn; islam; judge; people; person; prophet; rights; suspicion; vol
• The Word of Islam: By John Alden Williams, ed., Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994, 232 pp. by Nourallah, Riad (1994.0) - Mainstream Islam is an open creed and has no hidden text or hidden agenda. There may be people who will see the whole exercise as a byproduct of a consum- eristic, “American,” or even orientalist tendency to market a product or offer policy makers a clue as to what makes Islam and Muslims tick. Keywords: book; editor; islam; muslims; religion; world
• Islam and Its Worldview: An American Perception 30 Safar - 1 Rabi' al Awwal/19 -20 August 1993 Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by Ismail, Sha'ban Muftah (1993.0) - Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 573 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Islam and Its W orldview: An American Perception 30 $afar - 1 Rabi al Awwal I 19 - 20 August 1993 Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia This seminar, sponsored jointly by the Institute of Islamic Under­ standing, Malaysia, and the Malaysian-American Com.mission of Educa­ tional Exchange, consisted of four sessions and the presentation of seven 574 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 104 researeh p a p . Osman Bakar (UnivetSity of Malaya, Kuala b p u r ) spoke on a major western misperception of Islam: its spread by the sword. Keywords: islam; islamic; malaysia
• American Attitudes towards Islam: A Nationwide Poll by Inc., The John Zogby Group International, (1993.0) - It also means that a real window of opportunity exists both for American Muslims to better inte- grate themselves into American life and to be more visible. Almost half (49 percent) disagree that American Muslims should be allowed days off with pay for major Muslim holidays, while 24 percent agree, and 37 per- cent ate not sure. Keywords: american; islam; muslims; percent; poll
• Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet By Karen Armstrong. San Francisco: Harper, 1992, 290 pp. by Ba-Yunus, Ilyas (1993.0) - The main strength of the book lies in the fact that the author is not a run-of-the-mill orientalist With experience as a free-lance writer, com­ mentator, and television documentary producer, Armstrong does not avoid the themes so dear to European critics of the Prophet, but deals with them directly. From the very beginning, it is apparent that this book is written with an unsurpassed empathy and that it contains a degree of dismay and resentment that the truth about the Prophet and Islam has been compromised and hidden by ethnocentric European writers inspired either by the Christian church and its missionaries or modem secularism. Keywords: experience; islam; prophet
• Towards the Twenty First Century: Islam and Vision 2020 15 Muharram 1413/ 3 July 1992 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by Mohamad, Mahathir (1993.0) - An Islamic administration must ensure that its nation achieves rapid development so that it can compete with the de- veloped world Nevertheless, efforts to retain the moral stsmdards and high values demanded by Islam EIIE not to be neglected. First Century: Islam and Vision 2020 15 Muhaam 1413 I 3 July 1992 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad I would like to thank the organizers for inviting me to the joint launching of the Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia, and the opening ceremony of this congress. Keywords: institute; islam; islamic; muslims
• Freedom of Expression in Islam: An Analysis of Fitnah by Kamali, Mohammad H. (1993.0) - Beirut: a1 Maktab a1 Isllm-, 1979. a1 ili, 'Abd a1 Hakim H. a1 Hurriydt a1 'Ammah. Keywords: abii; cairo; community; corruption; expression; fitnah; freedom; god; government; ibid; ibn; ibn a1; imam; islam; islamic; kamali; kharijites; n.d; punishment; qayyim; qur’an; state
• The Master Synthesizer: Africanity and Islam in Ali Mazrui’s Scholarship by Adem, Seifudein (2016.0) - Wole Soyinka, “Remembering Ali Mazrui,” Transition 117 (2015): 193. 5. His most recent publications include Afrasia: A Tale of Two Continents and China's Diplomacy in Eastern and Southern Africa. ideas while all the time maintaining the highest degree of humility, respect for fellow human beings, and an unflagging commitment to justice.3 Wole Soyinka, the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature and Mazrui’s erstwhile intellectual adversary, also wrote warmly, albeit after Mazrui’s death, about “the intellectual industry of scholars such as Ali Mazrui.” Keywords: african; ali; islam; islamic; mazrui; university
• Islam and Ecology: By Fazlun Khalid and Joanne O'Brien (eds.). London: Cassell Publishers Ltd., 1992, 111 pp. by Siddiqi, Akhtar (1993.0) - The book is valuable because it is based on scientific knowledge and Islamic principles. Islamic land laws and the role of animals and plants as natural nsowes are also mentioned. Keywords: book; chapter; humanity; islam
• Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Inquiry By Bernard Lewis. New York: Oxford University Press. 1990, 169 pp. by Ali, Hassan E. (1993.0) - The main theme of the book, as Lewis states clearly in his concluding remarks, is that Islam's total racial hannony and ilUlocence is a myth created, maintained, and idealized by westerners as a rebuke to the ac­ tions of the white man in the Americas and South Africa. In his analysis, Lewis tries lo distinguish between three distinct mean­ ings of Islam: Keywords: islam; islamic
• Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: The Roots of Orientalism in America By Fuad Sha'ban. Durham, N.C.: The Acorn Press, 1991, 244 pp. by Khawaja, Mabel (1992.0) - The introduction to this book credits the author with clarifying the operative attitudes of Americans towards Islam by looking at the cause and result of the Muslim image in American literature. It appears that their unsym- pathetic images in English literature (i.e., The Merchant of Venice's Shy- lock) were no longer reflected in American literature. Keywords: american; book; chapter; east; islam
• The American Jewish Experience and the Emergence of the Muslim Community in America by Sarna, Jonathan D. (1992.0) - 6Jonathan D. Sarna, American Jews and Church-State Rehtionr: m e Search fbr Equal Footing (New York American Jewish Committee, 1989), esp. From the point of View of American Jews, the growth of American Islam me& special attention, especially given the orgdzed Muslim community's hostility to Israel. Keywords: american; catholic; century; christian; community; islam; jewish; jews; judeo; muslims; new; protestant; religion; time; united; years; york
• Islam and the Cultural Accommodation of Social Change: By Bassam Tibi. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990, 272pp by Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M. (1991.0) - In a previous work entitled The Crisis ofModem Islam, Bassam Tibi argues for the understanding of religion in the social process as it is incor- porated into reality as a social fact. Tibi’s new mentor is the bourgeois anthropologist Clifford Geertz, who in the late 1960s wrote an essay on “Religion as a Cultural System,” in which he defines religion in the following terms: Religion is: (1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish power- ful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in man by (3) for- mulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that ( 5 ) the moods of motivations seem uniquely realistic. Keywords: islam; tibi
• Islam and Ethnicity in Africa and the Middle East: State University of New York, Binghampton, NY Shawwal 10-12, 1411/April 25-27, 1991 by Khan, Aftab A. (1991.0) - Papers on Islam and ethnoaesthetics, focusing on representations and other forms of art in Africa and the Middle East were also presented by Nkiru Nzegwu (State Univ., Binghampton, NY) and Irene Bierman (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA). Richard Antoun, (State Univ., Binghampton, NY) discussed the ethnic mosaic model and suggested that Muslims in the United States need to assert, affirm, and confirm their identity. Keywords: islam; state; univ
• New Claimants to Religious Tolerance and Protection: A Case Study of American and Canadian Muslims by Moore, Kathleen (1989.0) - A diverse assortment of faiths now represents a sizable number of North American religious adherents. A commitment to pluralism has been an important part of the heritage of North American societies, especially Canada, since their inception and yet what is meant by reference to the Judeo-Christian tradition remains am­ biguous. Keywords: american; christian; islam; islamic; judeo; muslims; new; north; society; states; tolerance; united
• Literature About Islam in America: A Survey of Source of Information by Muhammad Tahir and Siddiq ‘Ali by Tahir, Muhammad; ‘Ali, Siddiq (1987.0) - Analysis of indexes and other reference sources reveals a lack of proper bibliographical c m t d of literature on Islam. The American Joumal of Islamic Social SciencedVol. 4, No. 1,1987 127 Review Article Literature About Islam in America: A Survey of Source of Information by Muhammad Tuhir and Siddiq ‘Ali Information explosion is a modern phenomenon. Keywords: american; index; information; islam; islamic; muslims; religion
• Islam Between East and West: by Alija Ali Izetbegovic. Published by: The American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, Indiana 46232, U.S.A. Price: $12.00 (paper) by Ahmad, Mumtaz (1985.0) - IzetbegwicIAlija Ali Book Reviews Islam Between East and West 307 Islam Between East and West by Alija Ali Izetbegovic Published by: The American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, Indiana 46232, U.S.A. Price: $12.00 (paper) Islam Between EQst and West is a remarkable work of multidisciplinary scholarship by a Bosnian Muslim lawyer who is currently serving a fourteen- year term in a Yugoslavian prison for his Islamic activism and “fundamen- talist digressions”. bile pure religion em- phasizes conscience and pure materialism emphasizes nature, the focus of Islam is on man who lives in the worlds of both conscience and nature. Keywords: alija; islam; islamic; religion; west
• Book Review by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1984.0) - He echoes the views of those who believe that Arab aid has generally been given to Muslim states in Africa and he attributes the absence of far-reaching success of fundamentalist Islam in Sub-Sahara Africa to the memories of Arab slavery in certain regions and to concentration of Arab aid on “Purely religious” undertakings. After an examination of the differences between Arab/Islamic Socialism and African Socialism on the one hand, and Marxism on the other, Westerlund then discusses the term fundamentalism. Keywords: african; islam; socialism; westerlund
• Islam and the Creative Imagination in Senegal by Cham, Mbye B. (2021.0) - Significantly, Sow-Fall entrusts the exposition of the latter to the mouth of Serigne Birama, Mour’s main marabout, who functions in the novel as the principal watch-dog of true Islam. Islam and the Creative Imagination in Senegal* Keywords: ceddo; fall; film; imam; islam; islamic; kane; marabout; moussa; religion; religious; sembene; senegal; senegalese; serigne; society; sow; taalibe; traditions; traore; wolof; work
• Teaching about Islam in Africa: A Cultural-Functional Perspective by Uthup, Thomas (2014.0) - As a continent that has made great strides in development but still has a long way to go, this is a helpful aspect of African Islam; (2) Islam has a progressive economic outlook and favors equity. Obviously, learning to live together is a pro- foundly important pillar, for any stratification and prejudice based on sects and denominations violates Q. 49:13: “O humanity, We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise (each other).”40 Learning to know Islam also includes knowing the history of female mujtahids, remem- bering that early Islam released women from their previous subjugation,41 and 12 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:3 ajiss31-3_ajiss 5/28/2014 1:24 PM Keywords: africa; ajiss31; culture; education; functions; history; islam; islamic; learning; mazrui; muslims; page; pillars; religion; report; states; unesco; women; world
• Shariati and the Reconstruction of Social Sciences by Yadegari, Mohammad (1984.0) - Shariati and the Reconstruction of Social Sciences Mohammad Yadegari* Ali Shariati was a Muslim reformer who laid much of the intellectual groundwork for the Iranian revolution of 1979. In the manner of Amir Ali, the author of Spirit of Islam, Shariati wanted to emulate the lives and ideas of early Muslims whom he admired. Keywords: god; islam; islamic; man; muhammad; people; shariati
• Qaddafi and Islam in Libya by El-Khuwas, Mohamed A. (1984.0) - The purpose of this article is to examine Qaddafi’s efforts to restore Islam to its “proper” place in Libyan society. In the national context of Libyan society, his emphasis on Islam is natural because religion has always been strong in Libya and has been an important part of the Libyan search for self- identity as well as a national expression of their struggle against foreign domination and control. Keywords: family; islam; islamic; libya; man; national; people; qaddafi; quran; religion; society; view; women; zbid
• The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (1880-1910) by Yusuf, Salahudeen (1989.0) - 39Gbadamosi, Zhe Growth of Islam A m m g the Yorubas, 4-13. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 319 The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (18804910) Salahudeen Yusuf The history of Islam in part of what is known today as Nigeria dates to about the loth Century. Keywords: christianity; islam; islamic; lagos; missionaries; muslims; newspapers; nigeria; record
• Surah Quraysh by Rashid, Salim (1988.0) - This overarching theme of the bounty of Allah is strengthened when we remember that Siiruh Quruysh closely follows Siimh ul El, (the Elephant) in which Quruysh are reminded of Abraha's attempt to conquer the Ka'buh with elephants and how Allah (SWT) turned back this attack. While the variety of translations provided, as well as the seemingly descriptive style of Siiruh Quruysh, appears to have hidden some of the deeper significance of the siirah from Muslims in general and from economists in Salim K. Rashid Surah Quraysh 133 particular, the above interpretation, if acceptable, would indicate that Siirah Quruysh not only appears to enjoin civilization upon mankind as a means of securing the faith of believers and gaining that of new converts, but also informs us that the self-interest of rightly-guided men is not a contradiction in terms but rather a fruitful way of achieving the Will of Allah (SWT). Keywords: allah; civilization; islam; islamic; quruysh; swt
• Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society by Akbar S. Ahmed. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1988. pp. 251 by Hart, David M. (1988.0) - The book’s title and subtitle seem, to this reviewer at least, an accurate reflection of its content: it has an introduction also called “Discovering Islam”, then two major sections (each divided into chapters of unequal length; the first and longer on ”The Pattern of Muslim History” and the second on ”Contempomy Muslim Society” (with a conclusion again entitled “Discovering Islam”). Ahmed’s own experience in climbing Mt. &a’ outside Makkah, while he recounts that of the Prophet, gets his book off to an excellent start; and after a discussion of the Prophet’s life and mission (with a useful genealogy for non-anthropologist readers on p. 18), he gives us good looks, in turn, at the four ideal caliphs, the early and properly Arab dynasties (the Umawi and the Abbiisi, as well as the Umawik offshoot in a1 Andalus), the triad of Muslim empires (Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal), Sufis and scholars (with special emphasis on al Biruiii and Ibn Khalduii; two of Ahmed‘s most illustrious predecessors as Muslim anthropologists), Islam of the periphery (in China and the USSR), Islam under European colonialism and - now forming the second part of the book-Contemporary Islam. Keywords: ahmed; book; islam
• W.D. Muhammad: The Making of a “Black Muslim” Leader (l933-1961) by Ansari, Zafar Ishaq (1985.0) - However, Eric C. Lincoln, whose book The Black Muslims in America. has come to be considered a classic on the subject, did not include Wallace Muhammad in 1%1 (when the first edition of his book was published) among the two leading contenders to the successorship to Elijah Muhammad. This, as Wallace Muhammad grew to youth, the Temple became his “second home,” and Fard‘s Gospel as preached by Elijah Muhammad was “the very air that Wallace. . . Keywords: chicago; elijah; elijah muhammad; father; interview; islam; leader; movement; muhammad; nation; w.d; wallace; wallace muhammad; years
• Remaking Muslim Lives: Everyday Islam in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina - Lived Islam: Colloquial Religion in a Cosmopolitan Tradition by Karic, Dzenita (2021.0) - The time, but also the place, is what frames the difference, and ultimately gives rise to varieties of Islam, which are all Lived Islam for those who reside in particular locales (34). (14) While the colloquial (as one of the manifestations described above) tends to be easily associated with common practitioners, Reinhart states that Lived Islam is always colloquial and always shaped by the locale. Keywords: e s; henig; islam; muslims; s s
• Islam and Asia: A History (by Chiara Formichi) by Morgan, Daniel (2021.0) - The process of decolonization and the emergence of nation states led to new configurations of Islamic political thought. The first section shows how the Ottoman Empire sought to reverse its relative political weakness in relation to Europe through the dissemination of pan-Islamic messages in which it positioned itself as the orthodox Caliphate for the umma. Keywords: asia; chapter; colonial; formichi; islam
• Islamophobia, Euro-Islam, Islamism, and Post-Islamism: Changing Patterns of Secularism in Europe by O’Brien, Peter (2013.0) - Lévy quoted in Isabelle Rigoni, “Access to Media for European Muslims,” in European Islam: Challenges for Public Policy and Society, ed. Jørgen Nielsen (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 1:483; for Britain, Gest, Apart, 92; for elsewhere in Europe, Bernard Godard, “Official Recognition of Islam,” in Amghar, Boubekeur, and Emerson, European Islam, 183-203; and Sara Silvestri, “Public Policies towards Muslims and the Institutionalization of ‘Moderate Islam’ in Europe: Some Critical Reflections,” in Triandafyllidou, Muslims in 21st, 53 ; Laurence, Emancipation, 198-244. 117. Keywords: ajiss303; american; britain; christian; european; france; hasan_ajiss; immigration; islam; islamic; islamism; islamists; islamophobia; journal; law; life; london; muslims; new; organizations; o’brien; page; pluralism; policy; politics; post; press; public; ramadan; religion; secularism; society; state; university; western; york
• Rethinking the Prophethood of Muhammad in Christian Theology: Muhammad Reconsidered: A Christian Perspective on Islamic Prophecy (By Anna Bonta Moreland) by Din, Mehraj (2023.0) - ”2 Anna Moreland’s recent book Muhammad Reconsidered: A Christian Perspective on Islamic Prophecy is a welcome step in this direction and joins an ever-growing body of literature devoted to the assessments of Muhammad’s function and identity in Christian theology. Moreland equally argues, if we turn back to Thomas, how a multi-layered understanding of Christian prophecy, such that what Muhammad heard and commu- nicated in seventh-century Arabia in principle could fall under the term “prophecy,” understood in its most expansive sense.28 And for our conver- sation to develop, Moreland argues for a dire need to move from apologia to analogia. Keywords: christian; e s; islam; moreland; muhammad; prophecy; r e
• Representing Islam: Hip-Hop of the September 11 Generation (by Kamaludeen Mohamed Nasir): Indiana University Press, 2020. xii+206 pages. by He, Martin Jiajun (2022.0) - Through a critical engagement of empirical data of Muslim hip-hop artists’ articulation and discourses, analysis of the historical circum- stances and social experiences shared by Muslims around the world in the post-September 11 era, and some pertinent sociological perspec- tives including identity authenticity (as in Chapter 2), social movements and solidarities (Chapter 3), performativity and management of body (Chapter 4), and governmentality and multiculturalism (Chapter 5), Nasir productively demonstrates and argues for the opposite position: that this edgy space intersecting religiosity and pop culture is precisely one of the most discursively dynamic and far-reaching realms of Islam and one of the most fruitful grounds for studying Islamic culture in our time. More specifically, as indicated in Representing Islam, there can be multiple types of markers for conceptualizing a “generation”, e.g. age group, parental and personal migration background, and major his- torical events. Keywords: islam
• The Discourse of the ʿUlamā’ on the Boko Haram Phenomenon in Northern Nigeria: An Appraisal of the Debate between ʿIsa ʿAli Pantami and Muhammad Yusuf, the leader of Boko Haram by Hashim Abubakar, Ismail (2025.0) - This is then followed by a short discussion of Boko Haram group and its emergence. Moreover, the failure to juxtapose Boko Haram ideas and views against the thoughts of the khawārij explains why many attempts to find an angle to locate Boko Haram’s ideological violence within Sunni Islam end up in very murky conceptual waters. Keywords: boko; boko haram; debate; education; group; haram; islam; islamic; muhammad; muslims; nigeria; pantami; phase; scholars; state; yusuf
• Editorial Note by Iqbal, Basit Kareem (2022.0) - Rather than relying on old typologies about political Islam or secularized activists, he considers the Solidarity Youth Movement to articulate an Islamic ethic of justice inspired by Abul A’la Maududi. Goshey tracks the dynamics of scholarship and community leadership based on fieldwork with African American Salafi affiliate communities in Philadelphia. Keywords: article; islam
• Awareness of Islam in the Post-9/11 American Workplace: A Study of Educational Instructors’ Comprehension by Kaifi, Belal A.; Mujtaba, Bahaudin G. (2012.0) - Barrett, American Islam, 6. 16. Interestingly, less than 3% answered correctly, indicating that in Islam paradise lies at the feet of each individual’s mother (viz., men must respect their mothers and women highly if they want to have a chance at en- tering heaven) and that Muslims pray five times a day. Keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; american; diversity; education; instructors; islam; knowledge; management; muslims; religions; students
• Tackling Displacement: Akbar Allahabadi's Islamic Critique of Modernity in the Colonial Subcontinent by Khan, Shahzar Raza (2024.0) - The Peculiarity of Allahabadi’s Critique and the Usage of Poetry Akbar Allahabadi was one of the three most influential Muslim intel- lectuals in the subcontinent in his time, the two others being Shibli Nu’mani (1857-1914) and Maulana Azad (1888-1958).16 Possessing neither traditional nor legal-rational authority,17 Allahabadi manifested a charis- matic personality that moved people across all walks of life.18 Members of the laity often quoted his witty couplets,19 while politicians of stat- ure like Nawab Muhammad Ismail Khan (1884-1958)20 wanted to write his biography. 119 Akbar Allahabadi, Khutut-i-Mashahir in Abdul Majid Daryabadi, ed., (Lucknow: Nasim Book Depot, 1969), p. 165. 120 Allahabadi, Kulliyat-i-Akbar, p. 357. Keywords: akbar; akbar allahabadi; allahabadi; critique; god; ibid; islam; islamic; kulliyat; modernity; muslims; qur’an
• Islam, Liberalism, and Ontology A Critical Re-evaluation (by Joseph J. Kaminski) by Sakarya, Sümeyye (2023.0) - Then, he discusses political Liberalism and the argument that it is not at odds with Islam because it does not deal with the matters of metaphysics and the good life. Therefore, a genuine congruence between Islam and political Liberalism, which is rooted in the Enlightenment, is not plausible. Keywords: islam; kaminski; liberalism
• Muslim Representations in Two Post-September 2001 American Novels: A Contrapuntal Reading of Terrorist by John Updike and Falling Man A Novel by Don DeLillo by Marandi, Seyed Mohammad; Tari, Zeinab Ghasemi (2012.0) - One of the misconceptions about Islam that was propagated since the Crusades was the idea that Islam opposed Christianity and Judaism and promulgates the killing of non-Muslims. Representations of the Qur’ān and the People of the Book Since the Crusades, it was believed that Islam opposed Christianity and Judaism and promulgated the killing of non-Muslims by equating “unbe- lievers” with Jews and Christians. Keywords: american; book; delillo; holy; ibid; islam; knowledge; man; muslims; new; orientalism; people; prophet; qur’ān; representations; terrorist; text; updike
• Editorial Note by Anjum, Ovamir (2023.0) - It manages to advance a novel thesis in the growing field of Islam and science, advocating for a multiplicity of correspondences between both past and modern scientific paradigms, even if these paradigms con- flict with one another. Ovamir Anjum Imam Khattab Endowed Chair of Islamic Studies Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Toledo, Ohio Editor, American Journal of Islam and Society doi: 10.35632/ajis.v40i1-2.3255 5 Call for Papers Special Issue Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the American Journal of Islam and Society (est.1984) Keywords: american; islam; islamic; journal
• The Ideals and Interests in Intellectuals’ Political Deliberations: The Arab Spring and the Divergent Paths of Egypt’s Shaykh al-Azhar Ahmad al-Tayyib and Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa by Amasha, Muhammad (2023.0) - I establish this with more than a thousand chronologically ordered primary sources and twenty interviews with people in Gomaa and al-Tayyib’s circles. Keywords: Sociology of intellectuals, cultural sociology, Islam and politics, Arab Spring, Egypt, Ulama, al-Azhar Introduction One day before the outbreak of the 2011 Egyptian Uprising, the newly appointed Shaykh al-Azhar Ahmad al-Tayyib held a conference titled “Sunni Islam: A Call for Unity and Tolerance ….”1 Al-Sisi’s government is doing its best to limit al-Tayyib’s power by taking back the right to choose the Grand Mufti from al-Azhar and refusing to renew the tenure of some of his associates.68 Also, deemphasizing the ʿulamaʾ’s agency here does not help explain, for example, Gomaa’s extremeness compared to his students aligned with him politically, like al-Habib Ali al-Jifri. Keywords: ali; ali gomaa; arab; azhar; azhar al; c t; coup; e r; e t; egypt; gomaa; intellectuals; islam; l l; legitimacy; m e; politics; r n; shaykh; state; tayyib; ua l; ʿulamaʾ
• From Ummatic Muslims to State-centered Bosniacs: The Case of the Muslims of Bosnia by Begovic, Hamdija (2025.0) - This analysis draws primarily on the works of Muhammad Iqbal and Wael Hallaq, which challenge normative assumptions about modernization and seculariza- tion that have shaped Bosniac identity from the fall of the Ottomans to the present day. Additionally, the study explores how Bosniac identity might align with a broader Ummatic identity that transcends the post-Westpha- lian political order. Keywords: bosniac; communist; filandra; identity; islam; islamic; muslims; national; oxford; preporod; press; sarajevo; state; university
• Комфортное оцепенение: краткая история новозеландского мусульманского дискурса и мысли by Друри, Абдуллах (2024.0) - Как и в случае с общинной АБДУЛЛАХ ДРУРИ: КОМФОРТНОЕ ОЦЕПЕНЕНИЕ  215 идентичностью и теологическим консенсусом, все институты — мусульманские и немусульманские — развиваются с течением времени с неопределенными и неточными результатами. Загад- ка того, как мусульмане, как отдельные лица и простые граж- дане, могут проживать в Новой Зеландии, также сложна, но в меньшей степени[13]. Keywords: herald; islam; muslims; new; new zealand; shepard; zealand; абдуллах; американский; ассоциаций; более; была; были; было; быть; в новой; все; всей; для; других; друри; журнал; зеландии; идентичности; или; ислама; исламской; истории; как; которые; многие; может; можно; мусульман; мусульманской; например; новозеландских; новой; новой зеландии; общества; общины; она; оцепенение; после; рамках; степени; также; том; традиции; федерации; что; чтобы; является
• Islam, Slavery, and Racism: The Use of Strategy in the Pursuit of Human Rights (1987)* by Abdallah, Fadel (2024.0) - Shawqi Abu Khalil, al-Islam fi qafas al-ittiham (Dar al-fikr, Damascus, 2nd ed., 1974), p. 165. 6 See Muhammad al-Bahi, al-Islam wa-al-riqq (Dar al-turath al-’Arabi, Cairo, 1979), p. 7. 7 See Bovill, op. Keywords: cit; e r; islam; l l; prophet; qur’an; slavery; slaves
• The Role of Religiosity in Shaping Sustainable Behavior: A Global Perspective by Hamza, Sahibzada Muhammad; Shirazi, Nasim Shah (2025.0) - Sustainable Behavior represents the composite average score of the five observed measures of sustainable behavior mentioned in Table 2. HAMZA & SHIrAZI: rOLE OF rELIGIOSIt Y IN SHAPING SUStAINABLE BEHAVIOr  59 Empirical Models For the purpose of this study, two primary equations have been formu- lated: a baseline equation and an extended equation. Sustainable Behavior represents the composite average score of the five observed measures of sustainable behavior mentioned in Table 2. Keywords: american; behavior; education; energy; et al; factors; hamza; impact; income; individuals; influence; islam; journal; practices; religion; religiosity; research; respondents; role; shirazi; societ; study; sustainability; theory; time; values; variable
• Reconfiguring Political Islam: A Discursive Tradition Approach by Jong, Abbas (2025.0) - These general comparisons, which must be specified through case-by-case analysis, reveal the multiple and often conflicting logics through which Islamic discursive traditions engage core categories—logics that are activated differently within each configuration of Political Islam. American Journal of Islam and Society Vol 42 No 3-4.indb 6 Reconfiguring Political Islam: A Discursive Tradition Approach A B B A S J O N G Keywords: approach; asad; authority; categories; conditions; configurations; islam; islamic; islamist; jong; journal; new; politics; practices; press; state; tradition; university
• ajiss-3724 by None (None) - The Epistemic Critique of Science The epistemic critique of modern science historicizes science, religion, and language, emphasizing the interpretive frameworks under which all knowledge and meaning is produced. The Metaphysical Critique of Science The traditionalist view offers a full-fledged critique of modern science (and modernity in general), seeking to restore a sacred view of the uni- verse. Keywords: approach; critique; environment; ethics; islam; islamic; kalin; metaphysics; science; view
• ajiss-3745 by None (None) - Habib highlights Azad’s alignment with Tagore’s humanist ideals, evident in his efforts to integrate arts and literature into education through institutional reforms. Azad sought to dispel notions of exclusivity associated with any religion or community, as Habib argues, “Islam as a faith is not a monolith” (p. 114). Keywords: azad; chapter; habib; islam
• ajiss-3796 by None (None) - Берки отмечает: Исламское высшее образование в Египте позднего Средневековья, как и в другие периоды, полностью зависело от характера отношений, которые студент поддерживал со своими учителями, а не от репутации какого-либо учебного заведения… ничего похожего на систему степеней, официально закрепленную за 64 АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 39:1–2 конкретными учебными заведениями, никогда не было создано… внутренняя динамика исламских образовательных традиций, зародившаяся в первые десятилетия накопления и передачи мусульманской учености, восторжествовала над временными попыт- ками направить обучение в конкретные учреждения40. Чтобы ответить на эти вопросы, настоящее исследование внимательно изучает салафитское сообщество в Филадельфии, состоящее преимущественно из афроамериканцев. Keywords: islam; абди; аль; аравии; более; большими; время; все; года; году; гоши; даже; дата; джермантаун; для; его; журнал; западе; знаний; и не; ибн; или; ислама; иум; как; когда; которые; кто; лидеров; людей; мадх̮алӣ; масджид; местных; мечети; могут; может; на западе; нет; них; обращения; общества; однако; они; отношения; передачи; после; салафитов; салафитских; салафиты; саудовской; своих; среди; степени; так; тех; только; том; университета; ученого; учеными; ученых; филадельфии; хотя; человек; что; чтобы; эмили; этих; этого; этот; является
• ajiss-3798 by None (None) - 9 Книга «Секулярные переводы» также разрабатывает средства само- корректировки; показательным примером является усложнение Аса- дом того, что он высказал ранее относительно связи между агент- ностью и интенциональностью в книге «Возникновение секулярного» (в главе под названием Этот стих подтверждает упомянутую мной выше идею о том, что в рассуждениях Г̣азаqлӣ намерение и желание приобре- тают семантическое соседство, если не коннотативную эквива- лентность. Keywords: asad; islam; mahmood; piety; politics; агентности; агенты; али; алтаф; асад; бога; более; быть; внимание; время; г̣азаqлӣ; действием; действия; дискурсивной; для; его; если; желание; жизни; журнал; здесь; знание; зрения; и в; и не; или; именно; ислама; ислама и; исламской; их̣йа̄; как; когда; которая; которые; кто; махмуд; между; миан; милости; мне; может; можно; намерение; ниййа; образом; общества; однако; она; поскольку; практик; свою; себя; сердца; скорее; также; таким; таким образом; твердое; тем; того; только; том; традиции; х̣адӣс; человек; чем; что; чтобы; эта; этической; это; этой; этом; этот; является; языка
• ajiss-3802 by None (None) - Полученный в результате анализ проясняет взаимосвязь труда и исламской материальности, открывая новаторские направления для анализа. Внимательно читая концептуально и лингвистически замысловатые рукописи на джави, обра- щаясь к романизированным малайским агиографиям и настав- лениям живых бомохов, Севеа выявляет историческое значение заклинаний, линий передачи и сакральных нарративов, которые ученые прошлого не принимали в расчет как простую «магию» и «идолопоклонство». Keywords: islam; жизнь; издательство; исламской; исследования; как; материальная; севеа; также; труда; университета; чудеса
• ajiss-3893 by None (None) - 3-4: 180–205 • doi: 10.35632/ajis.v42i3-4.3893 Copyright © 2025 International Institute of Islamic Thought FOrUM  181 Keywords: Mićo Ljubibratić, Qur’ān translation, Serbian nationalism Introduction The year 2025 marks 130 years since the publication of the first edition of Koran (KOPAH), Mićo Ljubibratić Hercegovac’s (1839–1889) Serbian translation of the Qur’ān. The whole cause has just failed.5 The Serbian historian Milorad Ekmečić (1928–2015), in his text published in Biografije Matice Srpske (Biographies of Matica Srpska),6 described Mićo Ljubibratić as follows: Ljubibratić traveled to Italy to negotiate cooperation with Giuseppe Garibaldi, staying in Caprera and Rome. Keywords: belgrade; bosnia; hadžijahić; herzegovina; islam; kasimirski; kopah; language; ljubibratić; mićo; mićo ljubibratić; muhamed; muslims; orthodox; ottoman; qur’ān; serbian; translation; uprising; work
• ajiss-3894 by None (None) - We begin with Abbas Jong’s work, “Reconfiguring Political Islam: A Discursive Tradition Approach.” As a result, political Islam emerges neither as a discrete ideological project nor a transhistorical expression of Islamic governance. Keywords: american; islam
• ajiss-398 by None (None) - The first one is a dream experience that young Weiss had had years before he visited Arabia and embraced Islam. Allahu Akbar.13 Kamala Das’ Existential Crisis Like the young Leopold Weiss, Kamala Das too was tormented by peren- nial questions concerning self and existence. Keywords: asad; das; desert; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; kamala; life; pdf; self; trial; weiss; world
• ajiss-414 by None (None) - Thus the democratic values of political pluralism and tolerance are perfectly compatible with Islam.97 Thus, against the view that Islam and liberal democracy are incompati- ble are two versions of liberal Islam arguing, albeit for different reasons, that Islam is not an obstacle to establishing liberal democracies in the Muslim world. Given that the Islamist perspective portrayed above by Maududi and Qutb rejects liberal democracy as incompatible with Islam, we now focus on two variants of liberal Islam to see how they align themselves with the type of liberal democracy defended here. Keywords: autonomy; democracy; differences; groups; ibid; individuals; islam; islamic; kymlicka; liberal; liberalism; life; society; toleration
• ajiss-421 by None (None) - It would appear, therefore, that the findings of Moaddel and Azadarmaki and other survey reports, along with the conventional wisdom on Muslim religious identity, are confirmed. One should discover that Muslims in one country, regardless of region, continent, or status (e.g., majority, plurality, or minority), should express opinions differing from those of non-Muslims and hold opinions resembling those of other Muslims. Keywords: arab; bangladesh; countries; country; data; fight; identity; islam; islamic; muslims; national; non; turkey; ummah; world
• ajiss-422 by None (None) - Many students thought of a masjid as a sacred place where people bow down in prayer. ”1 It stresses the importance of a well-rounded education so that students can critically engage global issues affected not only by religion, but also by anthropology, history, sociology, psychology, philosophy, feminism, women’s studies, art, meditation, ritual participation, dialogue, and more. Keywords: american; culture; experience; girls; islam; islamic; muslims; new; people; religion; students; women; world
• ajiss-453 by None (None) - Since then, Emerson has become a household name for many American Muslims and has been a frequent media resource as a “terrorism expert.” For a similar invocation of the American Dream by young American Muslims, see Suhail Khan “Defending the American Dream,” The Washington Post, 26 February 2003. 44. Keywords: 9/11; american; american jihad; concept; emerson; globalization; islam; islamic; jihad; muslims; public; religion; states; united; war; world
• ajiss-474 by None (None) - The third chapter explains rituals, beliefs, and mira- cles associated with the venerated bodies of the dead, including Karbala (commemorating the death of Hussein in 680 CE), ‘Alawi pilgrimage, and pilgrimage to Hadrat Khidr, which blur sectarian lines of affiliation. In Pilgrimage in Islam, Sophia Rose Arjana writes that “intimacy with Allah is achievable in certain spaces, which is an important story of Islamic pilgrimage”. Keywords: islam; islamic; pilgrimage
• ajiss-488 by None (None) - That is, Ahmad is not himself articulating an Islamic critique of Western critique. Through such critique, Ahmad also seeks to affirm the legitimacy of a “nonpatri- archal reading of Islam” (156). Keywords: ahmad; chapter; critique; islam; maududi; religion
• ajiss-499 by None (None) - Conclusion In Beyond Belief, Naipaul plunders the nineteenth-century novel in order to present a disturbing image of the Muslim world. However, while critics cele- brate Naipaul for his “moral integrity” and “commitment to truth,” it is not surprising that Beyond Belief has been predominantly read as an infor- mative, factual text. Keywords: belief; century; genre; ibid; imaduddin; islam; islamic; literature; madness; muslims; naipaul; people
• ajiss-503 by None (None) - Yet despite their significant numerical pres- ence, African American Muslims have been marginalized in the literature on Islam in the United States. The first part establishes the historical and numerical importance of African American Muslims, the second part offers a brief examination of the WOI theory, and the third part develops the hidden transcripts theory as an alternative to the WOI theory. Keywords: african; american; black; florida; history; islam; islamic; muslims; new; press; states; theory; united; united states; university; woi; woi theory; york
• ajiss-516 by None (None) - ”29 50 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20:1 Rather, Muslim wars of conquest were “wars of state, not wars of reli- gion.”30 Depicting holy wars as quintessentially Islamic also ignores the histor- ical fact that holy war is a western tradition, inasmuch as such wars were decisive in shaping Church–state relationships in medieval Europe until about the twelfth century. Keywords: american; god; holy; ibid; islam; islamic; jihad; muslims; people; qur’an; terrorism; violence; war
• Suburban Islam: By Justine Howe (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 280 pages.) by Wheeler, Kayla Renée (2019.0) - Central to Webb Foundation members is constructing an American Islam that allows their multiple intersecting 79Book Reviews identities to co-exist. Unlike other progressive Muslim organizations, Webb Foundation members do not focus on women lead- ing mix-gender prayer services. Keywords: american; foundation; islam; webb
• Sufis, Salafis, and Islamists: The Contested Ground of British Islamic Activism (by Sadek Hamid) by Rizvi, Muneeza (2019.0) - Most significantly, however, this chapter clarifies a driving normative commitment of Sufis, Salafis, and Islamists: de-exceptionalizing Islam and Muslims. While Hamid cites modest fashion, the music industry, and Muslim comedy as examples of Islam ac- quiring local relevance, one is left wondering how the author would evaluate state projects dedicated to regulating Muslims’ global sensibilities. Keywords: activism; hamid; islam; islamic; muslims; press
• Islam and World History: The Ventures of Marshall Hodgson By Edmund Burke III and Robert J. Mankin, eds. (Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press, 2018. 193 pages.) by Schubel, Vernon James (2019.0) - In Islam and World History: The Ventures of Marshall Hodgson, editors Ed- mund Burke III and Robert J. Mankin have provided a valuable service to the scholarly community by bringing together a series of insightful essays that place the creation of Hodgson’s posthumous masterwork, The Venture of Islam, into a broader historical and intellectual context. On the other hand, Hodgson—who, as one of the contributors to this volume notes, proclaimed “there is no Orient” fully thirty years before the publication of Orientalism—did much more than provide a critique of the way in which the history of Muslims and Islam had been written. Keywords: history; hodgson; islam; world
• Images of the Prophet Muhammad in English Literature: By Abdur Raheem Kidwai (New York: Peter Lang, 2018. 168 pages.) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmed (2019.0) - These works, in Kidwai’s assessment, have done “justice, to a large extent, to the Prophet’s genius and his life-ennobling message” (120), and thus “reflect a sea-change in the representation of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)” in twentieth/twenty-first century English literature. Kidwai acknowledges that his book is a new addition to other works analysing portrayals of the Proph- et’s blessed life, including Byron Porter Smith’s Islam in English Literature (1937), ‘Adnān Muḥammad al-Wazzān’s Ṣūrat al-islām fī-l-adab al-inklīzī (2 vols., 1998), and Matthew Dimmock’s Mythologies of the Prophet Mu- hammad in Early Modern English Culture (2013). Keywords: english; islam; kidwai; prophet
• Mediating Islam and Modernity: By Sir Syed, Iqbal and Azad By Tauseef Ahmad Parray (New Delhi, India: Viva Books Private Limited, 2019. 182 pages.) by Dar, Owais Manzoor (2019.0) - The book not only analyses Sir Sayyid, Azad, and Iqbal on Islam and modernity but also reveals their continued relevance in present times through interpreting a wide variety of Urdu and English sources. The third chapter (“Islamic Modernist and Reformist Thought in Co- lonial India: A Comparative Study of Sir Sayyid and Muhammad Iqbal”) situates Sir Sayyid and Iqbal’s modernist visions in broader South Asia, especially on the topics of natural science, legal reasoning, and political 130 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:4 organization. Keywords: islam; sayyid; sir
• Why I Am a Salafi: By Michael Muhammad Knight Berkeley, (CA: Soft Skull Press, 2015. 320 pages.) by Tutt, Daniel (2017.0) - In a strange solidarity with his younger self, Knight finds a new apprecia- tion for Pamphlet Islam because it offers a postmodern “ready-made” version of the faith. His local mosque was partially funded by Saudi Arabia, and thus he names many of the texts on Islam that he was given “Pamphlet Islam.” Keywords: book; islam; knight
• Foucault in Iran: Islamic Revolution after the Enlightenment by Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. 257 pages.) by Siavoshi, Sussan (2017.0) - Some applauded its astute depiction of both the character of political Islam and Fou- cault’s faulty interpretation of it, whereas others criticized it for misinterpreting Shi’a Islam, misreading Foucault’s oeuvre, or both. But this is not where its value ends, for he uses Foucault as a spring board to delve into other choppy waters: the debates over historiography, modernity, secularity, the place of public religion, and in this case, of political Islam. Keywords: book; foucault; ghamari; islam
• An Analysis of Islamophobia and the Anti-Islam Discourse: Common Themes, Parallel Narratives, and legitimate Apprehensions by Gada, Mohd Yaseen (2017.0) - Such anti-Muslim actions must be challenged, for they 66 Pointing to the claim of Bernard Lewis, the neo-Orientalist denizen of the neoconservative Right and pro-Israel, Sheehi writes in a similar tone: anti-Muslims propagate the view that “violence and subjugation are inher- ent cultural characteristics of Muslims and Arabs’ worldview” (p. 73). Keywords: american; anti; discourse; green; islam; islamophobia; kumar; lyons; muslims; sheehi; western
• Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in the West by Gilles Kepel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. 240 pages.) by Aloush, Abeer (2017.0) - Kepel therefore calls what is happening in France today as “the fachosphere,” noting that radical ethnic identity parties are calling for all “Native Frenchmen” to stand together against “the Muslim invasion” that, according to conspiracy theorists, wants to mobilize the true children of “our ancestors the Gauls” and recent French people, such as young French Muslims, against “Zionism.” Kepel concludes that www.youtube.com fed the third generation: French-language videos posted to the site proclaimed the caliphate’s establishment in Iraq and Syria and called upon young French Muslims to join their jihad because it was their religious obligation to do so. Keywords: france; islam; kepel; muslims; people; terrorism
• Nationalist Ethnicities as Religious Identities: Islam, Buddhism, and Citizenship in Myanmar by Imtiyaz Yusuf by Yusuf, Imtiyaz (2017.0) - “Aung San Suu Kyi: No Ethnic Cleansing of Myanmar Muslim Minority,” BBC News, April 6, 2017, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39507350; Richard C. Paddock, “Aung San Suu Kyi Asks U.S. Not to Refer to ‘Rohingya,’” The Rohingya Muslims are of Indo-Aryan descent from the ancient Buddhist kingdom of Arakan, which had close political relations with Bengal. Keywords: ajiss34; arakan; asia; british; buddhist; burma; burmese; citizenship; indian; islam; islamic; muslims; myanmar; new; page; press; rakhine; religion; rohingya; southeast; state
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2018.0) - These range from the strategy of attributing practices seen as misogynistic or violent to culture rather than religion (with the im- portant exception of vocal native feminists who doggedly pointed to the es- sence of Islam rather than any cultural or ideological aberrations as the real foe); the 1990s increase in American feminists’ interventionist aspirations and bold anti-Islamism; and the rise in the post-9/11 decade of Western in- digenous-Muslim feminism. The larger point of Doha’s provocative study seems to be to suggest, by demonstrating the general correspondence between feminists and secular- ist pundits, whose views oscillate between anti-Islam and anti-Islamism, that although the diversity of interpretation in Islam is a veritable fact, the task of limiting and prioritizing that interpretation is the prerogative (if not responsibility) of Muslims embodying that tradition itself and its orthodox structures. Keywords: author; doha; feminist; islam; islamic
• Why I Am a Salafi: By Michael Muhammad Knight (Berkeley, CA: Soft Skull Press, 2015. 378 pages.) by Taylor, Matthew D. (2018.0) - And he uses Salafism, with the movement’s desire to return to authentic Islam and its focus on direct readings of the Qur’an 105 and the Hadith, as a means of decentering any assertive definition of Islam. Framed around Knight’s odys- sey within American Islam and the diffuse trends that contributed to the development of his distinct perspective, it is part religious autobiography, part analysis of the nebulous concept of Salafism, and part therapy session. Keywords: islam; islamic; knight; salafism
• Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today by John V. Tolan by Mohammed, Moiz (2020.0) - John Tolan’s Faces of Muhammad takes us on a journey through European perceptions of the Prophet of Islam. The final chapter (“Prophet of an Abrahamic Faith”) highlights the theological arguments for declaring Muhammad a prophet of Christians as well, a controversial but increasingly accepted idea. Keywords: chapter; islam; muhammad; prophet
• Islam and Democracy after the Arab Spring: By John L. Esposito, Tamara Sonn, and John O. Voll (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. 320 pages.) by Wani, Gowhar Quadir (2019.0) - It also takes place on two levels: political-theoretical determina- tions of the compatibility or incompatibility between Islam and democracy, and empirical discussions over how much Muslims (or Muslim societies) have modernized or resisted modernization. The debate on Islam and democracy is one of the most heated in academia, engaging both Muslims and non-Muslims, normative and analytic ap- proaches. Keywords: chapter; democracy; islam; military
• Goethe, His Era, and Islam by Karić, Enes (2019.0) - She did the same with her book Goethe and the Arab World (Goethe und die arabische Welt).18 In this respect, the title Goethe und der Islam is evocative and meaningful on several levels. Herder, Plastik, in Mommsen, Goethe und der Islam, 44. 44. Keywords: book; der; der islam; destiny; die; era; faith; german; god; goethe; ibid; islam; islamic; karić; life; mommsen; muhammad; nature; neimarlija; poet; poetry; prophet; qur’an; und; work; world
• Islam through Western Eyes: From the Crusades to the War on Terrorism By Jonathan Lyons (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. 272 pages.) by Sleiman, Zeina (2016.0) - And to presume that both Christianity and the West have created anti-Islam sentiments only misrepresents the current problem. Jonathan Lyons’ Islam through Western Eyes takes a critical and historical ap- proach to understanding the anti-Islam discourses that continue to emerge across North America and Europe. Keywords: islam; muslims
• The Study of Shi’i Islam: History, Theology, and Law By Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda, eds. (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2014. 616 pages.) by Arjana, Sophia Rose (2016.0) - The Study of Shi’i Islam: History, Theology, and Law Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda, eds. Shi’i Islam is a broad subject encompassing history, theology, ritual, cul- ture, and other topics. Keywords: islam; section; shi’i; shi’ism; theology
• Reflections on Political Islam: Concepts and Contexts by Khalil, Nancy A. (2016.0) - An intellectual giant in his own right, Esposito presented a historical analysis of the rise of political Islam movements during the latter half of the twentieth century through his individual interactions, appointments, and pres- ence in spaces of influence at critical times. Referring to challenges like ISIS and youth radicalization, Esposito stated that “unless you understand the context within which political Islam arose...: who were the players, what were the issues for these movements, and also what their interactions were with government, you can’t understand why we continue to screw up today.” Keywords: esposito; iiit; islam
• Islam in Africa, Islam in Globalization by Willoughby, Jay (2016.0) - Professor Ali Mazrui will be remembered for epito- mizing the completeness and perfection of this golden triangle Ahmed Salem (Zayed University, UAE), “Mazrui’s Islamic Scholarship: Expanding Horizons, Meeting Challenges,” spoke on how Mazrui moved from political science to cultural studies, and from African studies to global studies. Keywords: africa; islam; islamic; mazrui; university
• Western Studies of Shi‘i Islam by Takim, Liyakat (2016.0) - Of particular note are Dabashi’s The Spirituality of Shi‘i Islam and William Chittick’s The Psalms of Islam, a translation of the Fourth Imam’s supplications. Other works in this genre are Kohlberg’s Shi‘ism and Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda’s co-edited The Study of Shi‘i Islam (2014). Keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; authority; islam; islamic; page; prophet; scholars; shi‘i; shi‘ism; studies; takim; works
• Mazrui: Man, Mission, Movement by Sheikh, Naveed S. (2016.0) - His father, the shaykh or mwalimu al-Amin bin Ali Mazrui (1891-1947) had, of course, initially hoped that his son would be able to add the honorific al-Azhari to his name, but the educational path of this scion of the Mazrui family took him to western seats of learning instead. To be certain, though, Mazrui was not fazed by such criticism or challenge; instead, it would appear that he rather thrived on controversy, relishing each emergent opportunity to provide correctives to the re- ceived wisdom. Keywords: africa; islam; islamic; mazrui; politics; religion; sciences; values
• Shi‘i Islam: An Introduction By Najam Haider (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 243 pages.) by Khimjee, Husein (2016.0) - In this detailed study of Shi‘i Islam, Najam Haider provides a uniquely new approach, one that excels all other scholarly works available to date on the sub- ject. Keeping all of this in mind, the author shows that the study of Shi‘i Islam does not stop with this early controversy, but has in fact been a dynamic and evolving stream of thought down to our our own time. Keywords: book; islam; shi‘i
• Slavery, the State, and Islam: By Mohammed Ennaji; trans. Teresa Lavender Fagan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 260 pages.) by Laabdi, Mourad (2015.0) - The crux of Ennaji’s analysis may be summarized as follows: The common belief that equality dominated with Islam’s advent and that endeavors of freeing slaves drastically increased is mere myth. But because En- naji makes no mention of the religious scene and the role that religion had played in the master-slave relation prior to Islam, he gives the impression that the presumed re-division of power between God and king is a distinguishing attribute of the Islamic state. Keywords: ennaji; islam; king; power

• Bibliography of Art and Architecture in the Islamic World: volume 1: “Art” (837 pages) and volume 2: “Architecture” (653 pages) By Susan Sinclair, ed. (Leiden: Brill, 2012.) by Gaber, Tammy (2014.0) - Since that time, interest in Islamic art and architecture has surged from specialists to many scholars, students, and general interest worldwide. The volume’s final sections return to broader topics of research on art in the Islamic world with the provocative sections of “Circulation of Ideas and Objects in General between East and West and China and Islamic World,” “‘Orientalist’ Art and Influence/appropriation of Islamic art in Art in non- Islamic lands,” and “Attitudes of Non-Muslims to Islamic art.” Keywords: architecture; art; volume; world
• “Like the Scum of a Torrent”: When Exactly Will Muslims Fit This Prophetic Metaphor? by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2014.0) - At this time, the hadith continues, non-Muslims will have not one iota of fear and apprehension (mahāba) of Muslims, but the latter will have already resigned themselves to their own feebleness (wahn) and thus be gripped with fear of non-Muslims.1 A Few Clarifications This hadith is not found in Al-Bukhārī and Muslim, which leads me to under- stand that some people suspect its veracity. On the other hand, whenever I use non-Muslims, I only mean some of them. Keywords: change; islamic; muslims; non; world
• Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures by Bernard K. Freamon by Urban, Elizabeth (2020.0) - Freamon never falls into the trap of ar- guing that Islamic slavery is therefore benign; rather, he ends the book by suggesting that “to be ‘possessed by the right hand’ is no longer a good thing” (516). In an insightful section from Chapter 3, Freamon highlights Ahmad ibn Tulun’s legacy in establishing military slavery in Egypt and “elaborat[ing] the variety of functions that slaves could play in Egyptian society” (211). Keywords: chapter; islamic; slavery; world
• The Stigma of Extremism on Muslims by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2012.0) - In fact, many Muslims have felt the same way about this and other incidents ‒ such as the attack on the February 26, 1993 bombing of the North Tower of the World Trade Cen- ter, the attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City resulting in 168 deaths, the attack on September 11, 2001, the Fort Hood shootings ‒ and the injuries to and death of many people in Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan, London, Madrid, and Tanzania. Although, the imam’s prayer came true for that particular tragic incident – the suspect was not a Muslim – that has not been the case for many Muslims who made the same prayers during other terrorist attacks throughout the past decade. Keywords: activities; extremism; intolerance; islamic; majority; muslims; world
• Earth Empire and Sacred Text: Muslims and Christians as Trustees of Creation by David L. Johnston (London and Oakville, CT: Equinox Publishing, Ltd., 2010, hbk. 641 pages) by Mirza, Mahan (2011.0) - Part 1 of the book (chapters 1‒5) provides what Johnston calls “back- ground theories” that inform our lives in the modern world, in conscious or subconscious reference to which Muslims and Christians must inevitably theologize. Simple readings of the Qur’ān and prophetic traditions are capable of providing important guidance for Muslims to do the precise issues that concern Johnston. Keywords: book; johnston; muslims; world
• A Review of Inter-Civilizational Dialogue: Governmental and Private Initiatives by Madani, Iyad A. (2010.0) - As the centerpiece of many of its activities is intercultural dialogue, ASEF focuses on interfaith dialogue, cultural diversity, and solutions for multicultural societies. RP’s recent successes include building a new climate of reconciliation in Iraq and mediating dialogue among warring factions in Sierra Leone; setting Madani: A Review of Inter-Civlizational Dialogue 141 142 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:4 up a network of religious women’s organizations; establishing the Hope for African Children Initiative to help the millions of children affected by the continent’s Africa’s AIDS pandemic; bringing together hundreds of key reli- gious leaders every five years to discuss the great issues of our time; launch- ing ten new Interreligious Councils (IRCs) in Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bolivia, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Panama, Puerto Rico, Surinam, and Trinidad and Tobago; and launching the subregional Latin American Council of Religious Leaders. Keywords: cooperation; dialogue; interfaith; international; issues; level; media; peace; religions; society; understanding; world
• Three Decades of Iran’s Policy of Exporting the Islamic Revolution: Politics, Ends, and Means by Navazeni, Bahram (2010.0) - This essentially Manichaean dichotomy between the mate- rial and spiritual is well known in the intellectual history of the Middle East; however, Imam Khomeini was the first intellectual in modern times to inter- ject it into the discourse of Iran’s foreign policy. Bahram Navazeni is a professor of international relations in the Department of Political Sci- ence, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran. Keywords: foreign; government; imam; iran; iranian; islamic; islamic revolution; khomeini; policy; revolution; world
• The Kaʿba Orientations: Readings in Islam’s Ancient House by Simon O'Meara by Nurgat, Yahya (2020.0) - This is signifi- cant, argues O’Meara, because early Islamic traditions represent the Kaʿba as the site of the world’s generation. The Kaʿba is also at the center of diagrams representing Islamic cosmological tradition, highlighting its role at the heart of the cosmic axis and its connection to the uppermost, celes- tial Kaʿba, the “Frequented House” (al-Bayt al-Maʿmūr). Keywords: kaʿba; kiswa; o’meara; world
• Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an: Volume Five: Si-Z by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006. 576 pages.) by Hartmann, Noga (2008.0) - Volume 6, the index for the entire encyclopaedia, integrates the alpha- betically arranged entries of articles about the contents of the Qur’an accord- ing to the list of authors, articles, proper names, Arabic words and phrases, and Qur’anic citations. Siddiqui reviews the veil in the light of Islamic religious literature (viz., the Qur’an, Qur’an commentaries, and the hadiths) and portrays the current state of affairs concerning it. Keywords: qur’an; volume; world
• Quine’s Ontology and the Islamic Tradition by Ahsan, Abbas (2019.0) - The exact source of this inconsistency, I shall argue, is grounded in Quine’s ontological theses, which un- derlie much of what metaphysical realism imports into the domain of analytic theology. The exact source of this inconsistency, I shall argue, is grounded in Quine’s ontological theses (outlook) which underlie metaphysical realism. Keywords: existence; god; islamic; mind; ontological; ontology; philosophy; quine; realism; reality; sense; theology; thesis; tradition; way; world
• The Experience of Islamic Art on the Margins of Islam: By Irene A. Bierman, ed. (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press in association with the Gustav E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, 2005. 172 pages.) by Rührdanz, Karin (2007.0) - If so, this is not Grabar’s fault, whose inspiring work has con- tributed so much to gaining for Islamic art the place it deserves not only in our perception of Islamic culture, but also in the sphere of world art. The result is a small and very diverse col- lection of experiences that surely does not offer an overview of all responses to Islamic art. Keywords: art; culture; power; world
• The Coalition against the “War on Terror” in Light of International Politics, Law, and Protecting Human Welfare by Hussain, Kaleem (2007.0) - Concluding Remarks There is a unanimous opinion that 9/11 was a rude awakening not just for the United States in terms of the attack, but for many states and supra- national blocs around the world to reassess state, interstate, and what I would call “intrastate transnational security” to prevent similar horrific terrorist acts from occurring again. But in terms of their relevance for an all-inclusive recognition, many states are not signatories to it and there are limited sanctions for non-enforcement. Keywords: american; coalition; international; law; society; states; terror; terrorism; united; war; world
• A Rumor of Anger: Understanding Muslims’ Voices in the Context of “Pure War” by Satha-Anand, Chaiwat (2006.0) - I would argue that such anger could be construed by sit- uating the voices in the context of “pure war” constituted by ter- rorism used by different groups in the name of Islam, as well as state violence used in the name of security and order at the expense of rights and democracy. How, then, could such anger be vented among Muslims facing this situation? Keywords: anger; context; muslims; rumor; southern; state; thailand; violence; war; world
• Europe and the Arab World: By Samir Amin and Ali El Kenz (London: Zed Books, 2005. 166 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2006.0) - Perhaps it may be a harbinger of a new and dif- ferent relationship between Islamic revolutionary movements and social and liberationist groups, one that is crucial and necessary if neoliberalism is not to end up being the sole global player, with its opponents divided and con- quered. It also identifies the ambiguities and limitations of social movements and struggles within the Arab world, as well as their implications for mutual relationships (p. vi). Keywords: islamic; world
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2005.0) - Many Muslims have expressed the hope that his successor will pick up where he left off. Today’s Muslims often look back to such “golden ages” with wistful- ness, admiration, and frustration. Keywords: muslims; society; today; weiss; world
• Mazrui and His Critics by Adjei, Paul Banahene (2005.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2 provocative words and concepts, that divide his readers between those who take him seriously, and those who take him lightly.1 Africanity Redefined Making a similar point in the opening chapter of the first volume, co-editor Alamin Mazrui, associate professor of Africana Studies at Ohio State University and nephew of Ali Mazrui, describes Mazrui’s writings as a double-edge sword that cuts across every political divide, be it social, ide- ological, gender, racial, political, or religious (pp. 5-16). Writing on Mazrui, Sulayman Nyang of Howard University states: Ali Mazrui is a controversial but independent and original thinker. Keywords: africa; critics; issue; mazrui; nkrumah; professor; recolonization; university; west; world
• Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal by Peterson, Luke Mathew (2017.0) - The first section provides an historical introduction to the global, transnational forces that guided the developing infrastruc- ture of political conflict within the region. The second section ar- ticulates the ideological parameters of the international political and economic forces (“neoliberalism”) that connect the past and present of political conflict in the region as well as the local (state and non-state) and non-local actors involved in its contemporary manifestation. Keywords: ajiss34; british; conflict; contemporary; control; east; global; international; israel; market; middle; military; national; neoliberal; neoliberalism; page; palestine; palestinian; policy; state; war; world
• Reflections on the Tsunami by Shakir, Imam Zaid (2005.0) - Perhaps, by so doing we can see the wisdom of God as it manifests itself in events such as the recent tsunami. This world, as God repeatedly informs us in the Qur’an, is the abode of trials and tribulations. Keywords: god; qur’an; tests; world
• Western Supremacy: The Triumph of an Idea? by Sophie Bessis (London: Zed Books, 2003. 238 pages.) by Chishti, Maliha (2004.0) - According to the author, the West’s inability to embrace pluralism and multivocality undermines its very strength and the rightful existence and legitimate place that non-western peoples have in the world. Bessis contends that the West, unlike other empires of the past, is the only one to have produced a theoretical (philosophical, moral, and scien- tific) apparatus to legitimate its supremacy and hegemony around the world. Keywords: bessis; west; world
• Fear and Anxiety in the Arab World: By Michel G. Nehme (Gainesville, USA: University Press of Florida, 2003. 200 pages.) by Haque, Amber (2004.0) - Compelled to explain authoritarianism, ethnic and minority uprisings, and religious fundamentalism in the Middle East, he opines that Arab fears are like an “obsessional or paranoid system translated into methods where- by normal feelings of sympathy are denatured, numbed, or killed so that people can act with cruelty toward others. ... Nehme is so fixated on Freud that, in chapter 4, he attempts to explain Arab nationalism in Freudian terms. Keywords: arabs; world
• Islamic Fundamentalism and the Doctrine of Jihad: By A. J. Abraham (USA: Wyndham Hall Press, 2002. 118 pages.) by Ali, Mikhail (2004.0) - Also, the premise of a “revolution in reverse” would be effective, had the link between the failures of secularism in the contemporary Islamic world and the conventional interpretation of Islamic doctrines been qualified, rather than epitomized as the funda- mentalists’ view of a penultimate, encroaching “cultural evolution of modern societies” (p. 114). A more compre- hensive analysis of Islamic fundamentalism as a continuum would strengthen his arguments. Keywords: islamic; world
• Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics by Nikki Keddie and Rudi Matthee, eds. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002. 393 pages.) by Asgharzadeh, Alireza (2004.0) - Overall, Iran and the Surrounding World is an interdisciplinary source of information about Iranian politics and society that will appeal to all those concerned with developments in Iranian studies. This section explores such interesting notions as the evolving nature of Iranian nationalism, Iranian views about outsiders, nineteenth- century travel literature in Iran, and some impacts of earlier missionary girls’ schools in Iran. Keywords: iran; politics; world
• Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development by Ankie Hoogvelt (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 325 pages.) by Wilmsen, David (2002.0) - Or, again, that world trade represented a greater percentage of world production at the beginning of the twentieth century, before the era of globalization, than it did at its end, when it was in full stride. According to Ankie Hoogvelt, this book is intended to introduce students to debates regarding the development prospects of the Third World. Keywords: world
• Between Jihad and Salaam: Profiles in Islam by Joyce M Davis. (New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1999. 339 pages.) by Hoffman, Jamaluddin (2002.0) - This has given foreign correspondents, particularly those from first world countries like the United States, easy access to movers and shakers across the globe. However, while the repetitiveness of the responses obviates the need to study the book as a whole, individual interviews -placed in their proper context -would be a valuable addition to any reader on political Islam. Keywords: book; world
• Islam, World Peace, and the Discourse of Revenge by safi, Louay M. (2001.0) - For the last fifty years, successive United States governments have stood behind self-appointed leaders, providing them with financial and military support as well as security and political guidance. On television and radio talk shows across the United States, countless self-acclaimed experts on terrorism counsel that we strike back against a host of countries suspected of supporting terrorism. Keywords: freedom; peace; states; terrorism; united; world
• Prospect and Problems of a Common Market: An Empirical Examination of the OIC Countries by Hassan, M. Kabir; Islam, Faridul (2001.0) - Annual data on bilateral trade flows among OIC countries has been taken from IMF’s Direction of Trade Statistics, and the SESRTCIC database. The UNCTAD and the United Nations COMTFWDE database have also been used to compare import and export trade flows of OIC countries. Keywords: block; cooperation; countries; distance; economic; gravity; income; integration; intra; islamic; journal; market; members; model; non; oic; oic countries; trade; world
• The Environment, The World System & The Muslim Scholar by Akram, Ejaz (2001.0) - For Muslims to accomplish just that, they need to be aware of the historical and intellectual changes in world history that are rapidly leading to the destruction of the environment. Common sense suggests that this is the domain of environmental science and engineering, not the task of humanities and social sciences; scholars ought not to be occupied with how many species are disappearing, as that seems to be the domain of biologists. Keywords: development; environment; growth; system; world
• Changing Roman Catholic Christologies: The Case of Hans Kung and Paul Knitter by Aydin, Mahmut (2001.0) - In 1986, a number of Catholic and Protestant theologians gathered at Claremont University in the United States to discuss the issue of understanding Jesus Christ within the context of world Mahmut Aydin is an Associate Professor in the History of Religions and Interreligious Dialogue at the Faculty of Theology, Ondokw Mayis University. As a critical response to these bold attempts, other theologians have produced works which argue for the universality of Jesus, contending that Jesus Christ is the unique, normative and definitive revelation of God for all people. Keywords: christian; dialogue; faiths; god; jesus; jesus christ; knitter; kung; new; people; religions; theology; uniqueness; world
• Turks, Moors and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery: by Nabil Matar. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.268 pages.) by Stockdale, Nancy L. (2001.0) - Drawing on literary and historical sources from the Elizabethan and Stuart periods, Matar strikes at the heart of the Orientalism debate with a complicated yet plausible link between English representations of Muslims and native Americans and later imperialist racism. By stressing a triangular power relationship between England, North Africa and the Ottoman world, and the new American colonies, Matar convincingly argues that it was the very failure of the English to conquer the Muslims in the face of English successes in America against the indigenous populations that led Britons to transfer their ideas about savage natives from the American Indians to the Muslims. Keywords: english; matar; muslims; world
• Eighteenth Annual Conference of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies (ACSIS) by Akram, Ejaz (2001.0) - Dr. Ahmed ventured into the philosophical subject of time. Dr. Ahmed said: I will argue that certain processes have been set in motion on a global scale, which have created conditions for the clear emergence of the signs, which indicate the end of time. Keywords: conference; india; pakistan; time; turkey; world
• How to Make Sense of ‘Islamic Science’? by Golshani, Mehdi (2000.0) - It is on this basis that we want to elaborate on the rel- evance of religious science, and in particular Islamic science. Thus, ‘Islamic science’ ascertains the relevance of scientific activities to Islamic worldview, which has impli- cations for both the theoretical and the practical aspects of science.’ Keywords: example; god; interpretation; islamic; journal; knowledge; life; nature; physics; religion; science; scientists; sense; theories; universe; world
• Knowledge as Light by Kalin, Ibrahim (1999.0) - In the first part, we state and motivate the question of knowledge Kalin: Knowledge as Light 87 as a philosophical problem, viz., knowledge-qua-knowledge and not sim- ply knowledge as utility and power. ”l0 Knowledge as a way of conquering @e world is so deeply rooted in the consciousness of modem thought that we often associate the value of knowledge with its socioeco- nomic and political function: Knowledge is something noble for us not because it helps us unveil the meaning of the world but because it helps us control the world.” Keywords: existence; experience; islamic; knowledge; meaning; mind; nature; philosophy; presence; self; state; subject; world; yazdi
• Hidden Agendas: By John Pilger. London: Vintage 1998, 687 pp. by Khan, Shiraz (1999.0) - Book Reviews 123 Hidden Agendas By John Pilger. I started the review by stating that this book was an intellectual crusade on the part of John Pilger. Keywords: book; media; people; pilger; power; war; world
• Globalization: Myth or Reality? by Pennell, John A. (1998.0) - It is true that globalization can enhance integration through the spread of cultural values across borders, for example, so that societies formerly separated by formal or informal barriers can experience the avail- Pennell: Globalization: Myth or Reality? 109 ability of previously unavailable consumer goods. Globalization and the Economy The preceding review has exposed themes that require further exam- ination: relationships between globalization and the economy, globaliza- tion and the state, and globalization and culture. Keywords: economy; globalization; hirst; labor; mittelman; state; thompson; waters; world
• Conceptualizing Globalization by Nyang, Sulayman (1998.0) - The United Nations’ (u”s) Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document whose emergence in world history rests primarily on the urgent need for moral order. It was this threat to human existence, ironically, that drove home the point to world lead- ers that the Cold War between capitalism and communism was detrimen- tal to everyone. Keywords: globalization; humanity; order; war; world
• The Road To Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and International Charity by Michael Maren. New York: Free Press, 1997,302 pp. by Khan, Shiraz (1998.0) - He does not fail to emphasize that states are not moral agents and that admiration for theii altruism is misplaced, for it is simply a call for r e i m p sition of colonial benevolence by the “civilized world” which feels it must go out to these desperate places and govern through food aid and agricultural pro- grams. Quoting from the mouths of frustrated recipients themselves, he illustrates how foreign experts and aid workers are spectacular- ly ill equipped, both technically and academically, to handle the situations they find themselves in and end up doing far more harm than good, wasting a great deal of resources in the process. Keywords: aid; book; food; maren; people; world
• Global Trap: By Hans-Peter Martin and Harold Schumann. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1997 by El-Diwany, Tariq (1998.0) - The authors pro- pose some credible solutions to the problems that they foresee, including a form of European democracy in which the European Commission is elected by the European Parliament and in which national parliaments allow citizens of other EU member states to speak on European issues whenever they are debated; a European monetary union that provides a stable trading block that rivals America and Japan; and European trade unions that better represent the interests of the worker against the multinational companies. Amusing catch- phrases spice Global Trap, trivializing yet somehow succeeding in summariz- ing a whole worldview. Keywords: authors; book; european; world
• America and the Persian Gulf: The Third-Party Dimension in World Politics by Steve A. Yetiv. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1995, 180 pp. with tables, appendix, bibliography, and index. by Berdine, Michael D. (1997.0) - Primarily concerned with how conflict in the Persian Gulf area in the late 1970’s, 1980’s and early 1990’s affected the United States’ position in the Middle East, America and the Persian Gulf generally examines the third-party situation and, in particular, how its position changes-for better or worse-as a result of the actions of the main participants and other third parties who are active or passive participants in diplomatic crises, conflicts, and revolutions. i i party, and some conflicts affect scores of thiid parties” (p. 157). Keywords: party; world; yetiv
• Religion and the Order of Nature: by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, 310 pp. by Arif, Professor Nasr (1997.0) - Professor Nasr brings together a breath-taking depth of knowledge in a single volume-he covers the fields of metaphysics and comparative reli- gion, traditional cosmology and modem philosophies of nature, as well as the history of science and the rise of secularism and humanism. For Professor Nasr, the contemplative appreciation of the world of nature is essential to avert an environmental catastrophe and does not detract from objec- tive science, rather it is a fulfillment of it. Keywords: man; nasr; nature; professor; professor nasr; world
• THE DANCE OF THE PEN, THE PLAY OF THE SIGN: A STUDY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY, IMMANENCE, AND DECONSTRUCTION by Elmessiri, Abdelwahab M. (1997.0) - Nature is eter- nal, self-existent, self&cted, and self-referential; 2) Natural laws are immutable and cannot be violated or suspended; 3) Nature is a whole that subsumes everything else and thus allows no gaps, discontinuities, dual- ities, hierarchies, or irreducible entities; 4) Natural laws apply to both humanity and nature and assign no special status to humanity; 5 ) The basis of all natural phenomena is solid matter and fluid energy. In short, humanity passes from the embryonic stage, in which the individual is both limit- less and completely determined, with no space separating him/her from nature, to the divine (rabbdnl) stage, where he/she is limited but, through these very limits, where freedom, dignity, identity, sepamte conscious- ness, and the abilities to loose and to transcend are gained. Keywords: god; humanity; immanence; individual; laws; matter; modernity; nature; self; world
• World Orders, Old and New: By Noam Chomsky. Boulder, CO: Pluto Press, 1994, pp. 272 by Karbal, Mohamed (1996.0) - Chomsky argues that rich men have ambitions and they always look for new ways to dominate others. The cold war has also helped the United States to continue its old concurring policies by choosing a new enemy to replace the Soviets. Keywords: american; chomsky; cold; order; war; world
• On Others as Evil: Toward a Truly Comparative Politics by Butterworth, Charles E. (1996.0) - The gods who govern this world are not necessarily well-disposed toward human beings, however much mortals try to please and placate them. Either because one god takes a liking to some group of human beings and persuades the father of the gods, Zeus, to beliiend this group, even at the expense of another, or because a group of human beings offends an ally of one of the gods who seeks to have them punished, or for reasons not always clear, humans suf- fer. Keywords: beings; camus; gods; homer; human; justice; new; odysseus; way; world
• Islamic Resurgence and the Twenty-First Century: Redefining Old Agendas in a New Age by Hussin Mutalib by Mutalib, Hussin (1996.0) - Although it may be possible to see, in the next century, the establishment of Islamic states pushing for a form of representative global body to safeguard their interests, the stark realities of the emerg- ing twenty-fist century world-system have to be noted: the salience of the idea of the nation-state (and nationalism), even among Muslim coun- tries; the eagerness of other powers (e.g., the United States and China) to defend and promote their ideologies and values worldwide; the rela- tive economic and military weakness of Muslim countries vis-i-vis oth- ers; and the improbability, if not fallacy, of reintroducing a unified pan- Islamic caliphate system located in a certain state, as was courageously attempted by Rashid Rida upon the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13: 1 Mutalib: lslamic Resurgence and the Twenty-First Century 97 caliphate in Turkey. Despite that, however, many Muslims ironically find it easier to practice their faith in secular states than in states claiming to be governed by the The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13: 1 Mutalib: Islamic Resurgence and the Twenty-First Century 95 Shari‘ah and Islamic modes of behavior. Keywords: century; challenge; islamic; knowledge; leadership; muslims; new; press; prophet; state; university; world; york
• Why Muhammad? by Hofmann, Murad Wilfried (1995.0) - Both Roman law (corpusjuris civilis) and Christian dogma had been codified, the former in 534 C.E. As regards the latter, the first ecumenical Council of Nicea (432 c.E.) adopted the Nicene creed, according to which the nature of Jesus (engendered and not created) was defined as being cosubstantial with God-Father: “true man and true God.” On the contrary, the Church had to face even more extreme Christological theories, such as those of the Nestorians, who accorded Jesus only one divine nature. Keywords: christian; god; jesus; qur’an; world
• Between Modernity and Post-Modernity: The Islamic Left and Dr. Hasan Hanafi's Thought: A Critical Reading By Kazuo Shimogaki (Japan: The Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, International University of Japan, 1988) 177 pp. by Winkel, Eric (1994.0) - Shimogaki does see that Hanafi's criticism of European man only satisfies anti-European sentiments. When one teads the hadith and the stories of tra- vellers, the qualitative differences between our societies are vask where we cannot build our own houses without governmental permits, bank loans, and lawyers; where we cannot heal ourselves, but must submit to aggressive and invasive medical procedures; where we cannot educate our own children but must send them to public schools actually designed to transfer children's obedience from their parents to the state; we find traditional Muslims implementing the Shari'ah by themselves, without the fiat of state powers or amirs or caliphs, we find the qai guiding disputants to harmony (the process of sulh) instead of locking up crimi- nals; we find people following wealth freely instead of nation-states setting up enclaves of super-rich citizens and dirt-poor foreign labore=. What Foucault does with this modem engagement of the individual is locate a tuming point, in typical Foucaultian fashion, in a little-known book by J. P. Frank titled System einer vollstaendigen Medicinische Polizei, written in 1779. Keywords: foucault; god; hanafi; islamic; man; shimogaki; world
• The Challenge of Arabization in Syria by Badinjki, Taher (1994.0) - This college taught Arabic language and literature, mathematics, natural sciences, modem languages, law and jurisprudence, and medicine. The De- partment of Health (Damascus) issued the first Arabic medical magazine (Public Health), which featured a series of articles on Arabic language and medicine. Keywords: arabic; arabization; language; medical; syria; terms; world
• Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions? by Karabal, Mohammed M. (1994.0) - The West after the Cold War Modem western history, particularly that of western Europe, is full of disputes and conflicts. It is true that western Europe established institutions that promoted coopemtion and eliminated conflict. Keywords: huntington; war; west; western; world
• 1995 Special Issue: Secularism by Elmesseri, Abdel Wahab (1994.0) - The disappearance of the concept of human nature as an ultimate point of reference in the human sciences is a dramatic manifestation of the level of secularization. Like most, or probably all, world outlooks, secularism revolves around three elements: God, humanity, and nature ( Keywords: human; humanity; individual; matter; nature; secularism; terms; world
• Fourth International Islamic Economics Seminar: Inaugural Address by al Alwani, Taha J. (1993.0) - Semjnars, Conferences, Addresses 555 Such superficial approach, with all of its related elements, is a key factor in the failure of Third World development. Those in charge of the development programs should aim at increasing agricultural production so that self-sufficiency can be achieved, rather than concerning themselves with plans that do not make use of the energy of Third World populations. Keywords: development; society; world
• Jihad: The Struggle for Peace and Justice by bin Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Sarji (1993.0) - Islam's view is that the purpose of peace agreements concluded be- tween our Muslim brothers and sistes who are presently at war with their advetsaries is not to perpetuate a state of conquest by keeping the de- feated party in a state of constant deprivation and humiliation, but rather to establish the form of justice that God decrees equally for enemies and friends: . . . Everyone has to do his or her part to achieve world peace through a world order devoid of double standards, biased decisions, and injustice. Keywords: allah; jihad; justice; peace; struggle; war; world
• Reflections into the Spirit of the Islamic Corpus of Knowledge and the Rise of the New Science by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (1993.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102 From an Islamic perspective, human knowledge and science must incorporate a spiritual dimension. First, the goal of human knowledge and science must not be con- tined to the materialistic side of what is being studied-the nonmaterial- istic dimension Keywords: capacity; divine; god; islamic; knowledge; scholars; science; scientists; spirit; spiritual; world
• Causality Then and Now: Al Ghazali and Quantum Theory by Harding, Karen (1993.0) - Important similarities a seen in the role of causality in the natural world, the nature of physical objects, and the extent to which the behavior of objects is predictable. or To what extent is the behavior of physical objects predictable? Keywords: ball; events; god; lead; objects; quantum; theory; world
• Towards an Ecological Consciousness by Agwan, A. R. (1993.0) - Since the phenomenon of desire is intrinsic to human nature, human beings should learn that the reason for all mis- eries (dhukh) is insatiable desire (trishna). The selfish motive of human behavior prevents human beings from seeing the world in a Felational petspective wherein humans is obliged to practice recipro- city, a central tenet of Confucianism. Keywords: balance; beings; creation; crisis; development; environmental; god; humanity; life; nature; new; world
• Opening Address: International Conference of Muslim Social Scientists by al ‘Alwani, Taha J. (1992.0) - The comprehensive solution of which I speak is this: that the ummah pre- sent both to its own members and to humanity at large an intellectual and idea- tional alternative capable of saving humanity from the dangers which threaten it; one which can deliver contemporary civilization from its present crisis; one which can bring about a truly new world order based on true peace, eternal security, and stability; and one in which real values and morals lead humanity to the ultimate good and to the true religion. Rather the opposite is true, for the possibility of the liberal, capitalist trend represented by American civilization’s intellectual and cultural collapse has never been greater. Keywords: humanity; world
• The New World Order and the Islamic World by Ali, Hassan Elhag (1991.0) - When Third World countries proposed a new world information order and a new world economic order, they were faced with fierce opposition on the part of the West. Issues of external military \ Hassan Elhag Ali New World Order 471 threats, nuclear deterrence, and balance of power are not urgent issues for most Islamic world actors. Keywords: economic; islamic; new; north; order; power; states; united; war; world
• International Conference on Muslim Minority /Majority Relations: New York, NY Rabi' al awwal 23-25, 1410/October 24-26, 1989 by Hussain, S. Mazhar (1990.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. l, 1990 103 publication of the conference papers which would become a source of valuable information and a reference for scholars all over the world. S. Mazhar Hussain Muslim World League New York Keywords: world
• The Ayatollah in the Cathedral: by Moorhead Kennedy. New York: Hill and Wang, 1986. ix + 241 pages. by Arif, Muhammad (1987.0) - What makes this book a remarkable multi- disciplinary masterpiece is Mr. Kennedy's professionally skillful and scien- tific analysis of the process and factors that shape U. S. foreign policy at the State Department; the weaknesses of U. S. foreign policy in the Middle East; the causes of the U. S. failure to understand the Third World in general and the Muslim world in particular; and an alternative to U. S. foreign policy making that would ensure mutual respect and trust not only in the Middle East but in the Third World in general, thereby restoring the effectiveness of the United States as a world leader. Later on, when the political section found out that Arthur had deceived them, they w e s furious because, as events later proved, the interests of the United States were compromised by such elements, which caused U. S. foreign policy to end in total failure. Keywords: american; kennedy; policy; world
• The Islamic University: Dimensions and Dynamics. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Muharram 8-10, 1410/August 10-14, 1989 by Wilmot, Fadlullah (1990.0) - In the discussion it was mentioned that the League of Islamic Universities did not seem to be functioning effectively due to poor leadership. The graduates of Islamic universities who have training that The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, vbl. 7, No. 2, 1990 275 includes criticism of the h t e m model. Keywords: ahmad; islamic; knowledge; need; students; university; view; world
• Energy Management, Sustainability, and Ethics: An Islamic Perspective by Elahee, Mohammad Khalil (2014.0) - However, since the 1980s Australia, Europe, and Japan in par- ticular have recognized the need to substitute scarce, polluting, and expensive energy with renewable sources or even nuclear power.12 Here again, it is quite possible that the ultimate aim has not been to reduce energy consumption in absolute terms. Before assessing the ethical nature of the latter, one must ask whether energy consumption should Elahee: Energy Management, Sustainability, and Ethics 75 ajiss31-4_ajiss 9/26/2014 2:45 PM Page 75 be increasing or decreasing in absolute terms. Keywords: ajiss31; change; climate; consumption; development; energy; environmental; ethics; god; islamic; issues; management; muslims; nature; page; qur’an; reference; refers; sustainability; terms; use; world
• The Islamization Of The Sciences: Its Philosophy And Methodology by Idris, Jaafar Sheikh (1987.0) - Just as there are scientific ways of ascertaining the truth of our claims to knowledge of nature or society, there are ways of ascertaining the truth of religious knowledge. Dreams: As Muslims, we have no doubt about the fact that some dreams come true and that as such they are sources of knowledge, but since we human beings - excepting God‘s Prophets - can never be sure about the truth of our dreams, we cannot take them as independent sources of objective knowledge neither in the field of religion nor in that of the world, but we may benefit from them personally. Keywords: facts; islamic; knowledge; qur’an; sciences; world
• Islam’s Encounter with English and Ismail al-Faruqi’s Concept of Islamic English: A Postcolonial Reading by Hasan, Md. Mahmudul (2014.0) - Keywords: Islam and English, Islamic English, Muslim names, Islamic theological terms, abrogation, appropriation, semantic distortion Md. In this respect, al-Faruqi’s notion of Islamic English is appropriate and timely. Keywords: 3/26/2014; ajiss31; arabic; cultural; english; faruqi; islamic; islamic english; language; muslims; names; page; terms; translation; words; world
• The Unified World Order: The Exposition of Open World Peace Paradigms by Adewale Muteeu, Bakare (2014.0) - Keywords:Micro-Islamics, open globalization, open civilization logic, open peace platform, global union, micro-religious plat- form, open world peace, world star pentagon Bakare Adewale Muteeu has a B.Eng. Therefore, these looming global situations are likely to expand from the Muslim world into other worlds and cause a systemic disaster if the necessary balance is not sought. Keywords: 3/26/2014; ajiss31; civilizations; communication; concept; global; humanity; islamic; open; order; page; peace; source; system; union; values; world; world order
• Genghis Khan's Effect on the Muslim World by DeLorenzo, Yusuf (2006.0) - The third book, Justin Marozzi’s Tamerlane, takes the reader a century or two past the initial Mongol conquests to a repopulated and reconfigured world of Islam that witnessed the consequences of decades of infighting between the scattered factions of Mongols descended from Genghis Khan. In it, one finds a great deal about the Mongol style of administration, Mongol religion and culture, and how these factors contributed to cultural and other exchanges between the peoples living at the far-flung corners of the new empire. Keywords: genghis; khan; mongol; world
• Justice and the Just Ruler in the Islamic Mirror of Princes by Zatari, Fadi; Fili, Omar (2024.0) - Boutchich, I. Khaṭṭāb al-ʻadālah fī al-Ādāb al-Sulṭānīyah,18 7 Boutchich, I. Khaṭṭāb al-ʻadālah fī al-Ādāb al-Sulṭānīyah,26. 8 Abstract This article aims to understand the main characteristics of the concept of justice in the works of al-Ādāb al-Sulṭānīyah (Islamic advice literature). Keywords: adab; ibn; ibn al; islamic; justice; literature; mirror; people; princes; ruler; state; sulṭānīyah; world; ādāb al
• Küreselleşmeden: Sahiden Uzaklaşıyor muyuz? Ve Bu Konuda Ne Yapabiliriz? by Anjum, Ovamir (2024.0) - !23('+'44'56'1'0%$-7*1'0%89-.4-5/:;(%6<:<9=%>'%?<%2;0<1-%@'%A-B-C*4*(*9= Guehenno’ya göre ulus, Avrupa’ya özgü bir fikirdi; toplumsal, dini, ırksal ya da etnik bir grup değildi; “tarihsel etmenlerin özgün bir kombinasyonunun ürünüydü ve hiçbir zaman tek bir boyuta indirgenemezdi… [ulus] insanları ne oldukları üzerinden değil birlikteliklerinin ortak hafızasında bir araya getirir.” Öyleyse ulus devletin zayıflamasını, birkaç senede ya da on yılda bir gerçekleşen sıradan ayaklanmalar ve devrimler olarak değil, bu döneme ait çok mühim bir gelişme olarak değerlendirmek gerekir. Keywords: a.g.e; abd; askeri; aynı; başka; bile; bir; büyük; daha; dair; devletin; değil; değildir; diğer; dünya; dünyanın; ekolojik; ekonomik; fakat; farklı; gelen; gibi; göre; güç; güçlü; hem; iki; ile; insanların; ise; için; kadar; kapitalist; kapitalizmin; karşı; kuzey; kültürel; küresel; küreselleşmenin; müslüman; olan; olarak; olduğu; olmayan; olsa; pek; piyasa; press; sahip; serbest; siyasi; son; sosyal; tarafından; tek; toplumsal; ulus; ulusal; uzun; world; yani; yaşam; yeni; yeniden; yerel; yol; çok; üretim; şekilde
• ajiss-3669 by None (None) - Younis wrote that Black Atlantic writers were “skeptical of claims to national or imperial uniqueness” (4). Therefore, Black Atlantic writers of this period focused on the scale of the global and the planetary, which was a prerequisite to accessing overrepresented Euro-American racial theory, so that it may be “turned against itself” (5). Keywords: african; atlantic; international; new; pan; planetary; press; race; university; world; younis
• ajiss-369 by None (None) - Examples of such bias can be seen from the following: (a) rich countries are able to maintain high import duties and quotas in certain products, thereby blocking imports from developing countries (e.g., cloth- ing); (b) the increase in non-tariff barriers, such as anti-dumping measures, allowed against developing countries; (c) high protection of agriculture is maintained in developed countries while developing countries are pressed to open their markets; (d) many developing countries do not have the capacity to follow the negotiations and participate actively in the Uruguay Round; and (e) intellectual property rights ban developing countries from incorpo- rating technology that originates abroad in their local systems (including medicines and agricultural products).5 The bias against developing countries, which is also reflected in the fail- ure of various ministerial conferences, has made it even harder for them to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. Some of the major areas that have important implications on developing countries in general, and on Muslim countries in particular, are discussed below. Keywords: countries; country; exports; growth; member; oic; products; share; table; total; trade; world; wto
• ajiss-371 by None (None) - Definition of differentiae is made by attributes, and definition of visible objects is made by directions. Ibn Taymiyya’s Criticism of Aristotelian Definition Sobhi Rayan Abstract Aristotle wrote of two “points of definition”: one posited in neg- ative and the other in positive terms. Keywords: aristotle; concept; definition; ibn; ibn taymiyya; knowledge; object; quiddity; taymiyya; thing; world
• ajiss-381 by None (None) - As of July 2009, out of 56.4 million peo- ple in Southern Africa Christians accounted for 44.84 million (79.5%) of them. The Numerical Distribution of Muslims in Africa Amadu Jacky Kaba Keywords: africa; christian; data; july; muslims; people; population; religions; total; world
• ajiss-3871 by None (None) - Признавая «парадигму развития» и «дис- курсы развития», которые диктовали способ отношений между окружающей средой и развитием в (бывшем) колониальном мире, я тем не менее была заинтригована вопиющей апатией и безразличием к экологическим проблемам среди улемов в це- лом, а также отсутствием того, чтобы экологические проблемы рассматривались как неотъемлемая часть исламского учения в Эти законы гласят, что в любой замкнутой системе масса и энергия не могут быть со- зданы или уничтожены (даже если они могут вырождаться и распадаться, как во втором и третьем законах термодинамики). Keywords: alkatiri; climate; islamic; network; new; transition; wardah; world; а не; алкатири; более; больше; быть; варда; власти; время; все; всего; всем; всех; выбросов; где; глобального; глобальный; году; государства; даже; движение; деньги; для; должны; другие; его; если; есть; еще; жизни; журнал; зеленого; зрения; и в; изменения; или; индонезии; ислама; ислама и; как; климата; когда; которая; которой; которые; кто; людей; люди; между; менее; мира; мире; мировоззрение; миру; могут; может; можно; мусульман; мусульманских; на то; нам; населения; насчет; необходимо; нет; них; образом; общества; окружающей; она; они; оон; перед; под; поскольку; при; проблемы; просто; развивающихся; развития; ресурсов; своих; свою; собой; современной; сообществ; справедливости; среды; статье; стран; странах; также; таким; тем; тех; того; только; том; тому; уже; халифата; хотя; чем; что; чтобы; шумахер; экологических; экономики; экономический; энергии; эти; это; этой; этом; юга; является
• ajiss-399 by None (None) - This period set forth solid grounds for political Islam and the Islamists’ electoral successes after the late 1980s. Michael C. Hudson, “Obstacles to Democratization in the Middle East,” The New Shape of the Middle East Conference (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994); Michael C. Hudson, “After the Gulf War: Prospects for Democratization in the Arab World,” Middle East Journal 45, no. 3 (1991): 407-40; John L. Esposito, Islam and Politics (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1994); Saad Eddin Ibrahim, “Crises, Elites, and Democratization in the Arab World,” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (1993): 292-305; Richard Augustus Norton, “The Future of Civil Society in the Middle East,” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (1993): 205-16; Alan Richards, “Economic Imperatives and Political Systems,” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (1993): 217-27; and Alan Richards, “Virtuous Circles? Keywords: american; arab; country; democracy; democratization; east; elections; government; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; iraq; islamic; islamists; journal; middle; middle east; pdf; region; state; trial; united; version; wave; west; world
• ajiss-432 by None (None) - First, Iqbal has harmonized the exalted position of Man among the other crea- tures with the fact of the presence and dominance of God over all, by mak- ing Man God’s vicegerent on Earth. One of the ideas that run throughout Iqbal’s various works is the idea that Man is the supreme creation and that he is the over-lord in all nature. Keywords: god; humanism; iqbal; life; man; note; thou; world
• ajiss-440 by None (None) - Muhammad Sayed Muhammad, in his analysis of the prophetic traditions (hadiths), points to one in which Muhammad asks all Muslims to seek knowl- edge even if it is in China, as an indication that one Islamic ideal is interaction between other civilizations and cultures. Applying this rule to early Islam, Donner agrees that Muhammad’s “followers were mostly poor or socially undistinguished individuals. Keywords: civilization; communication; history; hodgson; islamic; makkah; muhammad; muslims; new; quraysh; resources; rise; watt; world
• ajiss-457 by None (None) - Seyyed Hossein Nasr and the Study of Religion 57 some of the greatest masters of these subjects in my home country of Persia and elsewhere.19 Thus, Nasr mounts a consistent challenge to the principal elements of this modernist outlook throughout his writings, attacking not just atheism and secularism, but also their underlying motive forces (e.g., progressivism and evolutionism). Seyyed Hossein Nasr and the Study of Religion in Contemporary Society Haifaa Jawad Abstract Seyyed Houssein Nasr is one of the main proponents of the tra- ditional religious perspective, including the traditional Islamic point of view. Keywords: hossein; hossein nasr; islamic; knowledge; modernism; nasr; philosophy; religion; sacred; science; study; tradition; university; world
• ajiss-509 by None (None) - This is the number commonly cited by HLE founder Marvin Rosenthal. Being on the mailing list also brings constant updates on HLE events as well as regular letters from Marvin Rosenthal that, addressed to “Dear Citizen of Heaven,” espouse a variety of religious and political agendas. Keywords: american; end; events; fire; hle; holy; hope; islamic; israel; land; middle; muslims; park; rosenthal; war; world; zion
• God beyond the Boundary-Stones of Thought by Ahsan, Abbas (2020.0) - His ability and will to create such truths implies that He transcends them. This means that God is neither confined nor compelled to act in accordance with such truths. Keywords: case; contradiction; experience; god; knowledge; laws; logic; mind; reference; relative; relativism; sense; statements; thought; truth; way; world
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2020.0) - The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 and political change, therefore, could no longer be believed to be acts of God, and therefore embraced as a matter of faith or fate. The jurists, in other words, were also often the repositories of social knowledge, and when they needed access to expert knowledge in other, specialized domains such as medicine they could still rely on a common worldview (Galenic medi- cine had become sufficiently Islamized so as to cause no serious epistemic crisis). Keywords: change; community; islamic; journal; jurists; knowledge; law; new; power; society; state; world
• The Foundation and Principles of Critical Thinking by Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz (2016.0) - To correct this error requires the acquisition of true, authentic, and universal knowledge; however, the so-called Enlightenment replaced such knowledge14 with thought and un- derstanding based upon conjecture and speculation.15 As a result, we no longer correctly understand such things as ethics, science, scientific thinking, crit- ical thinking, analytical thinking, and creative thinking. I contend that the metaphysical premise is more important than the skills and techniques, as it is intimately related to the technical dimensions of critical thinking. Keywords: foundation; knowledge; life; reality; thinking; truth; universal; world
• Media Framing of the Muslim World: Conflicts, Crises, and Contexts By Halim Rane, Jacqui Ewart, and John Martinkus (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 205 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2015.0) - This chapter was extremely insightful not only because academic work on Muslims and the media rarely include the insights of professional journal- ists, but also because professional media often are unmoved by an academic analysis of media representation on the grounds that it is unrealistic and not in tune with the daily demands of the media. The chapters are not an extended study of a singular type of media representation of Mus- lims, but rather a bringing together separate elements into a whole so that we can look at the issues from several viewpoints. Keywords: chapter; media; muslims; world
• Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts: Perspectives from the Past By Derryl N. Maclean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed, eds. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. 190 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2015.0) - She provides evidence showing that Muslim cosmopolitanism was not only an urban phenomenon, but also one that emerged among inland villagers who sought cultural connections with the coast and its wider networks. Given this volume’s broad reach and scope, one would have expected to encounter a working definition of Muslim cosmopolitanism from a historical, sociological, and philosophical point of view. Keywords: century; chapter; cosmopolitanism; world

• Muslim Cosmopolitanism: Recovering a Forgotten Stream in the history of Islam by Willoughby, Jay (2014.0) - Further refining this concept, he opined that cosmopolitanism is also “a style of thought, how we think and look at people” – one that calls for Muslims to be morally responsible for others (even non-Muslims), as this attitude is a core part of the Islamic tradition of open-mindedness and the maqāṣid al- Sharī‘ah (e.g., compassion, justice, cooperation, doing good, and consensus to safeguard the public interest). He elaborated upon this by comparing several great Islamic cities of the past – Baghdad, Bukhara, Cor- doba, Damascus, Cairo, Fez, Mogadishu, Malacca, Timbuktu, Sarajevo, and Delhi – with their contemporary counterparts, to remind Muslims that such grand undertakings were not beyond their ability. Keywords: arab; muslims; person
• Islamic Law and Ethics by Willoughby, Jay (2014.0) - Samy Ayoub (University of Arizona, “Necessity and Ethical Hierarchy in Islamic Law”) made several points: Conflict resolu- tion is the core function of any legal tradition, Muslim jurists have always re- garded fiqh’s key function as maintaining order and social harmony, and Islamic law also deals with ethics. Carl W. Ernst (University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, “Pluralism in Islamic Ethics”) opened by stating that there is no single ap- proach to Islamic ethics, which, in itself, is an “outsider” term absent from Is- lamic texts. Keywords: ethics; fiqh; islamic; law; muslims; university
• Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics, and the Media By Nahid Afrose Kabir (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. 220 pages.) by Hamid, Sadek (2013.0) - ajiss Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics, and the Media Nahid Afrose Kabir Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Overall, it makes a contribution to the nascent field of Muslim youth studies by offering windows into the hopes and aspirations of young British Muslims as well as presenting some interesting typologies of self-definition. Keywords: british; chapter; identity; muslims
• Why Muslims Will Always Sacrifice Animals on the Eid by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2013.0) - Boldly claiming that some Muslims are calling “for an end to animal sacrifice,” she cites these “no- table animal advocates” and, full of passion and confidence, states that “many Muslims do not see the tradition of sacrifice to be serving ‘their understanding of Islam.’” The activists’ proposal assumes that poor Muslims do not need the meat. Keywords: animals; god; muslims; qur’an; sacrifice
• Feeling Betrayed: The Roots of Muslim Anger at America By Steven Kull (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2011. 237 pages.) by Sodiq, Yushau (2013.0) - In fact, many other polls reveal that millions of Muslims hold a positive image of the United States. Kull talks extensively about al-Qaeda and then reveals something quite surprising: Many Muslims consider it less threatening than the United States because it is defending Islam against the American threat and its expansion in the Muslim world. Keywords: muslims; states; united
• Islam and Liberal Citizenship: The Search for an Overlapping Consensus By Andrew March (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 350 pages.) by Woodlock, Rachel (2013.0) - The second part, “Islam and Liberal Citizenship: Patterns of Moral Dis- agreement and Principled Reconciliation,” presents the first set of sources on the objections to citizenship, the “No” answer to whether Muslims may reside under non-Muslim rule. After this, he outlines key requirements for citizenship affirmation: permissibility of residency, loyalty to the non-Muslim state, recognition of pluralism, commitment to justice, sol- idarity with other (non-Muslim) citizens, and political participation. Keywords: march; muslims; non
• IIIT Intellectual Panels at the ISNA 49th Annual Convention by Willoughby, Jay (2013.0) - Joseph Montville (George Mason University) commented that Islam has stimulated a deeply engaged analysis of God in history. Discussant Ali Mazrui (SUNY Binghamton) recounted instances of being told by various university administrators to teach mainly classical- and me- dieval-era classes on Islam to avoid such “sensitive” issues as Israel, which any class on contemporary Islam would have to address. Keywords: approach; god; iiit; islamic; muslims; page; parents; qur’an
• The Question of (Mis)interpreting the Qur’ān by Muslims by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2012.0) - Editorial The Question of (Mis)interpreting the Qur’ān by Muslims Although the Qur’ān calls Muslims to make peace with their enemies (Qur’ān 8:61‒62), some early Qur’ān exegetes1 interpret that to be ab- rogated by subsequent war verses (Qur’ān 9:5; Qur’ān 9:12‒13). Keywords: ibn; muslims; peace; qur’ān; scholars; verses; war
• Black Mecca: The African Muslims of Harlem By Zain Abdullah (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. hbk. 240 pages.) by Sodiq, Yushau (2012.0) - This work will allow readers to recognize that West African Muslims are not just earning incomeh in the United States; they are actually contrib- uting to the development of Harlem in New York. Abdullah adds that the presence of African Muslims in Harlem has changed the American worldview about African Muslims forever. Keywords: abdullah; harlem; muslims
• Where East Meets West: Appropriating the Islamic Encounter for a Spiritual-Cultural Revival, rev. ed. by Mona Abul-Fadl (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010. hbk. and pbk. 95 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2011.0) - Yet, if Islam and Muslims are the closest “cultural agents” to the West, as she claims, then this may not al- low much room for detached observation of those in the West. Abul-Fadl’s point is if Muslims embark on what it is they wish to do, and the West refuses to concede grounds for understandable reasons (46), the entire context simply becomes one of polarized power politics, with culture being one of its components. Keywords: fadl; muslims; west
• Understanding Muslim Identity: Rethinking Fundamentalism By Gabriele Marranci (Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 242 pages.) by Duderjia, Adis (2010.0) - My main contention is that certain interpretations of what Muslims consider to be normative Islamic teaching plays an important (if not decisive) role in shaping the views, behavior, and, at times, actions, of western Muslims, including the processes associated with radicalization/fundamentalism. [on Islamic fundamentalism] that tends to treat religious fundamentalism on the basis of culturalist or social theory discourse” (p. 153). Keywords: fundamentalism; identity; muslims
• The Relationship between the Qur’an and the Sunnah by Willoughby, Jay (2010.0) - As more Muslims came in after the Second World War, and as Israel was established and American missionary activities in the region increased, Islamic studies went through inclusion in political science and reli- gious studies, as well as other fields, before becoming a field in its own right. Aydin cited the several stages of the devel- opment of Islamic studies as an area of research: the need to understand Muslims as they continued to come here as students, teachers, and intellectu- als; the premise that “understanding others helps you understand yourself”; and the desire of mainly indigenous and immigrant Muslims to better under- stand Islam. Keywords: islamic; muslims; qur’an; university
• Imams and Fighting Radicalism in North America by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2010.0) - Ibn Abd al-Aziz, on the other hand, reasoned that he was heeding God’s command and started this new practice so that Muslims would ponder 16:90 and begin to apply it in their own lives. But the irony remains that while many Muslims do not understand what and why it is said, most of those who do understand it seem not to hear it well or pay proper attention to its message. Keywords: ibn; imams; message; muslims; radicalism; verse
• To Use “God” or “Allah”? by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2009.0) - According to some famous scholars like al-Zajjaj the philologist (d. 923, author of Tafsir Asma’ Allah al-Husna) and Sibawayh the grammar- ian (8th CE), Allah is only a proper name for God without any etymological derivation from ilah. Therefore, the shift to the proper name must have occurred when the Arabs added al to ilah (al-ilah) and specifi- cally reserved that term for the supreme being, God, all the while referring to other gods as ilah/aliha and particularly relating them to tribes, clans, peo- ple (e.g., ilah bani fulan: god of such and such people).8 One would be justified in postulating that al-ilah is both the point of connection and of break for Allah with its etymological roots. Keywords: ajiss; allah; god; ilah; muslims; qur’an; use
• Editorial by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2009.0) - Owing to the contents of their deliberations and the aggressive push on the part of their disciples, classical jurists have enjoyed immense credibility among Muslims of all generations. The tacit belief that classical scholars, individually or collectively, had a monopoly on absolute truth and credibility is a myth that must be aban- doned. Keywords: islamic; jurists; muslims; opinions; scholars; shari`ah
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2009.0) - This issue of AJISS features outstanding essays from several academic disci- plines: history, Islamic studies, management, and philosophy. He brings impressive cre- dentials, as well as energy and fresh perspectives, to maintain and increase the jour- nal’s academic integrity and reputation: a B.A. Honors (1993) from the International Islamic University, Malaysia, with a major in Islamic studies and a minor in mass communication; and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees (2002), both in Islamic studies, from the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University, Montreal. Keywords: ajiss; dialogue; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; muslims
• Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: By C. Snouck Hurgronje (Leiden: Brill, 2007. 326 pages.) by Blumi, Isa (2008.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk faith that furnished both Dutch subjects and many Muslims of European ori- gin (probably Hurgronje himself) with the kind of intellectual as well as existential sustenance that could not be ignored due to sectarian hostility. As Hurgronje himself writes, this is a study to help non-Muslims, espe- cially fellow Dutchmen, understand their Muslim subjects living in the Far East. Keywords: hurgronje; muslims; study
• Muslim Geographies by Phillips, Richard (2008.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Delgado (Madrid) delivered a paper on Internet forums as transnational meet- ing points for young Muslims from Life Makers of Europe. The event had several goals: to draw together and advance geographical research involving Muslims, provide a forum for debate about the spaces that shape Muslim lives, and establish informed dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims as well as between academics and activists. Keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; liverpool; muslims; research; spaces
• The First International Conference on Arabs’ and Muslims’ History of Sciences by Khan, Sameen Ahmed (2008.0) - Contributions of Muslim Scientists in the Fields of Astronomy, Basic Space and Weather Sciences, Astronomical Observatories and Astronomical Applications in the Islamic Shari`ah; Humanities; Medical Sciences; Basic and Applied Sciences (Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and Geosciences); Islamic Arts; Industrial Applications, Engineering and Mechanical Sciences; Agriculture, Soil, and Irriga- tion Sciences; and Geography and Oceanography. 3. The conference created an intellectual platform to enhance communica- tion among scientists and researchers studying the history of the various sci- 158 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk https://www.sharjah.ac.ae/) http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 159 ences, highlight the Muslim scientists’ impact on advancing civilization, and documenting the testimonies of non-Muslim scientists who recognize the Muslims’ scientific achievements. Keywords: islamic; muslims; sciences; university
• Perils of Empire: Islamophobia, Religious Extremism, and the New Imperialism by Willoughby, Jay (2008.0) - Adel Ait-Ghezala (American University) argued that tourism helps to recreate a colonial environment and thus debases local cultures and peoples. Sarah Swick (American University) discussed her research project on how young Muslim women in Britain create their own space within mainstream British culture. Keywords: american; canada; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamophobia; muslims; panel; university
• The Cultural Roots of American Islamicism: By Timothy Marr (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 309 pages.) by Hammer, Juliane (2007.0) - His analysis of these references offers a stunning kaleidoscope of American images of the Muslim “other,” but reveals far more about the inner dynamics of American nation-building and cultural self-definition than about Islam or Muslims. Ironically, abolitionist writers used two diverging propositions: lag- ging behind “even” the savage Turks, who had abolished slavery in the 1850s, and simultaneously criticizing American slavery as more inhumane than “Muslim slavery.” Keywords: american; book; muslims
• Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence By Kecia Ali (Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications, 2006. 217 pages.) by Katz, Marion H. (2007.0) - Due to the deep structural incom- patibility between classical construals of marriage and sexual ethics and those pursued by contemporary progressive Muslims, Ali cautions against the selective reappropriation of individual elements of classical Islamic law (such as the absence of any legal requirement that wives perform house- work). Its primary objective is to 100 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 engage with the values and aspirations of contemporary American Muslims, although it should also find a broad non-Muslim audience in undergraduate courses and among non-specialist readers. Keywords: ali; islamic; muslims
• The Muslims of Thailand: By Michel Gilquin (tr. Michael Smithies) (Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 2005. 184 pages.) by Lukens-Bull, Ronald (2007.0) - Personally, I would have preferred a more detailed analysis of the everyday lives of Thai Muslims. Linguistically, this demonstrates a fundamental difficulty: While the term Thai Muslim is commonly used, the logic described above suggests a neces- sary divide between being Thai and being Muslim. Keywords: muslims; thailand
• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2006.0) - While it would be preferable to extend the notion of criminality, rather than the politically driven and latently anti-Islamic concept of terrorism, he rightly states: “The techniques they use are often very similar. After the Bandido incident, there was some press coverage of a suggestion from Ottawa South Liberal MP David McGuinty that the Hells Angels biker gang be labeled a terrorist organization. Keywords: angels; hells; muslims; public; terrorism
• The Thirty-fourth AMSS Annual Conference by Willoughby, Jay (2005.0) - After the welcoming and introductory remarks by Program Chair Khalid Blankinship (Temple University) and Rafik Beekun (University of Nevada), Abdul Mutualo (American University in Cairo) began the proceed- ings by discussing the history of Islam as an “imported” religion in his native Mozambique. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports The Thirty-fourth AMSS Annual Conference This conference, held from Sept. 30 – Oct. 2, 2005 and co-sponsored by Temple University (Philadelphia), represented a homecoming for the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS), for its source of inspira- tion, Dr. Isma`il al-Faruqi, taught religion there from 1968-1986. Keywords: muslims; panel; temple; university; women
• Islamophobia Issues, Challenges, and Action: A Report by the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia by Hugh Muir and Laura Smith, researchers Robin Richardson, ed. (Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books, 2004. 92 pages.) by Saloojee, Zubeida (2005.0) - The war in Iraq, the Terrorism Act (2000), and the Anti-Terrorism Crime Security Act (2001), as well as the increasing abrogation of the Muslims’ civil liberties in Britain, however, have all led to increased Islamophobia. This report is actually a comprehensive and highly informative two-part report put out by the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, which was established by the Runneymede Trust in the United Kingdom in 1996. Keywords: chapter; islamophobia; muslims; report
• Muslims in America: Race, Politics, and Community Building by Mbaye Lo (Beltsville, MD: amana publications, 2004. 152 pages.) by Khan, Shaza (2005.0) - Finally, although Lo identifies Ahmadi and Nation of Islam Muslims (two groups often positioned outside of Islamic orthodoxy) as having a large impact on the development of Cleveland’s Muslim community in the ear- lier portion of his book, he provides no explanation for the survey’s exclu- sively “orthodox Muslim” (p. 117) sample in this chapter. Mbaye Lo attempts to fill this gap through his research on the history of Muslims in Cleveland, Ohio, in his book Muslims in America: Race, Politics, and Community Building. Keywords: cleveland; muslims
• Muslims in the United States: The State of Research by Karen Isaksen Leonard (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. 199 pages.) by Khan, Shaza (2005.0) - Given that many Muslims throughout the world actually believe in the presence and reality of a universal ummah, this argument and its proofs are incredibly important to contemporary Islamic thought. She identifies three sets of issues that have his- 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1 torically arisen in research and theory building on Muslims in the United States: legitimacy as it relates to African-American Muslim movements, the problem of religious authority in the smaller national-origin and sectar- ian communities, and the lack of research on the lives of “un-mosqued,” “invisible,” or secular Muslims. Keywords: muslims; states; united
• Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide by Bat Ye’or; tr. Miriam Kochan and David Littman (Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2002. 528 pages.) by Ahmad, Imad A. (2004.0) - Islam and Dhimmitude is an attempt to confute the concept of “protected minority” (under which Islamic civilization established what was, up to its time, the most successful model of pluralistic society) with the worst aber- rations from that model. The book’s first half is devoted to proposing a paradigm in which Qur’anic verses in favor of human rights are ignored, official acts to the benefit of dhimmis are brushed off as machinations to breed resentment between dhimmi groups, and injustices against Muslims are figments of the imagination invented to whitewash the Islamic master plan for subjugating the non-Islamic world into a state of dhimmitude. Keywords: christians; muslims
• Islam Under Siege: By Akbar Ahmed (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2003. 213 pages.) by Kavakci, Merve (2004.0) - He invites Muslims to acquire a self-critical retrospective insight so that they can apprehend their contri- bution to today’s quagmire, and calls on non-Muslims to exercise more dis- cernment in understanding the complexities in Muslims’ lives. Ahmed responds to the query “Could acts of violence be relegated merely to Muslim societies?” by adeptly elucidating the underlying factors of the Muslim world’s crisis and the West’s failure to understand Islam. Keywords: ahmed; honor; muslims
• Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India by Ashutosh Varshney (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. 382 pages.) by Janmohamed, Zahir (2004.0) - While Varshney alludes to these factors in his book, he fails to examine how the commu- nalization of Indian society – led particularly by the Sangh Parivar – has contributed to a charged mindset that is all-too-conducive to violence. Eight cities (whose total population is only 5% of the country’s total population) account for 45% of deaths in communal violence. Keywords: muslims; varshney; violence
• The Rise and Fall of the Islamic Empire and the Threat to the West: Anthony J Dennis (Lima, OH: Wyndham Hall Press???? 2001, 2d ed 157 pages.) by Mazid, Nergis (2003.0) - Chapter 2 gives a cursory explanation of Islam and its ills, and chapter 3 describes how Iran, the great global Muslim thought-control cen­ ter, overcame religious sectarian divides to stimulate revolutions in Central Asia and the Middle East. In chapter 4, Dennis again revisits the sale of nuclear anns to Islamic states, and in chapters 5 and 6 loosely describes how terrorism might occur with nuclear and conventional arsenals. Keywords: dennis; muslims
• AMSS Third Regional Conference: Arlington, TX - August 23, 2003 by Ahsani, Syed A. (2003.0) - AMSS president Louay Safi analyzed the present extremism found in the Muslim world as being based on distorted interpretations of scripture 230 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 sions, attended by an estimated 800 Muslims and non-Muslims, drawn from the entire Metroplex region, received wide media coverage. Moazam Syed, American Muslim Alliance president elect (Tarrant County) thanked the congressman; said that terror, hatred, and prejudice are alien to all religions; and that: America will remain just and tolerant, even when confronted with terror and adversity. Keywords: american; amss; muslims
• American Muslims: Bridging Faith and Freedom by M A. Muqtedar Khan (Beltsville, Maryland: Amana Publications, 2002. 194 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2003.0) - American Muslims has eight chapters, each presenting a different angle of the relationship between being Muslim and being American. The 9/11 attack and its impact upon Muslims is discussed next (chai:r ter 7), and the book ends with his perspective as an American Muslim on politics in the Muslim world (chapter 8). Keywords: american; muslims
• Modernity and Culture: From the Me diterranean to the Indian Ocean by Leila Tarazi Fawaz and C. A. Bayly, eds. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. 410 pages.) by Hakim, Hasnan (2003.0) - Bayly and Jalal's essays represent a departure from the conventional analysis of using only the victim's viewpoints to understand representa­ tional issues in colonial societies. Both essays show that even the non­ victim factors (e.g., Englishmen's view as a source of inspiration for nationalism movements and specific colonial policy favoring Muslims in India) would contribute to the variegated continuity and change in these colonial societies of the late nineteenth century. Keywords: essays; muslims
• Empire and Elites after the Muslim Conquest: The Transformation of Northern Mesopotamia by Chase F. Robinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 221 pages.) by Barlas, Asma (2003.0) - Further, the wars discussed were inter-Muslim civil wars, not wars to force Islam on non-Muslims. As always, Muslims are to be ventriloquized by non-Muslims. Keywords: conquest; muslims; robinson
• Transnational Theological Encounters: Constructing Islamic Authority in New York by Zaman, Meryem F (2019.0) - These members often alienate family and friends through their dramatically transformed dress practices and social behaviors, which are traced back to the leadership of Islamic movements. Contrary to the popular belief that Islamic movements are guided primarily by movement leaders, my research demonstrates that members’ contributions significantly shape the theology, belief systems, and reli- gious practice within Islamic movements. Keywords: american; authority; hadith; huda; islamic; leaders; members; movements; muslims; pakistan; practice; qur’an; tablighi; women
• Muslims, Their Beliefs and Practices: By A. Rippin. (New York: Routledge, 2001. 346 pages.) by Ruano, Delfina Serrano (2002.0) - Delfina Serrano Ruano C.S.l. However, I have missed some refer­ ence to W. Hallaq, H. Motzki, D. Powers, and U. Rubin, who have recently questioned them. Keywords: muslims
• Interpreting the Tradition: The Modernist Argument and the Sources of Islam by Hussain, Waheed (2001.0) - Interpretive manuals come in two distinct kinds. One kind of interpretive manual is made for participants in a social practice. Keywords: islamic; manual; modernist; muslims; practice; rules; sources
• Towards an Islamic Tradition of Human Rights by Safi, Louay (2001.0) - Examining areas of conflict between shari‘ah and human rights, he notes: Due to the timing of its development, it is hardly surprising that the classical shari‘ah differs from the modern idea of universal human rights. The notion of human rights represents a set of abstract values whose concretization is considered essential for ensuring a life of dignity. Keywords: autonomy; classical; dignity; god; human; islamic; jurists; law; muslims; non; people; principle; rights; rules; shari'ah; society; tradition; women
• Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants by Barbara C. Aswad and Barbara Bilge (eds.), Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. by Hammer, Juliane (2000.0) - 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 17.3 Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants Barbara C. Family and Gender among American Muslims presents a multitude of theoret­ ical and empirical discussions about the issues of family and gender in various American Muslim communities. Keywords: american; muslims; problems
• The Ethics of Wasaṭīyah and the Pursuit of Gender Equality by Anwar, Etin (2015.0) - Such equality acknowl- edges that men and women are endowed with abilities for ethical deliberation and choice, a fact that is made clear in Q. 33:35, as follows: Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and be- lieving women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their private parts and the women who do so, and the men who remember Allah often and the women who do so – for them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward. In addition, He cannot be constructed in any way to support male superiority because Islam’s ethical framework confers upon both men and women equal status and roles before God in terms of both genders as His vicegerent (khalīfah) and servant (‘abd). Keywords: community; equality; ethics; gender; god; human; islamic; muslims; prophet; qur’an; wasaṭīyah; women
• Al-Mughtaribun: American Law and the Transformation of Muslim Life in the U.S. by Kathleen Moore. New York: SUNY Press, 1995, 211 pp. by Altalib, Omar (1997.0) - Moore shows how Muslims in the United States have been affected by American immigration law (chapters 2 and 3), religious liberty laws affecting Muslims in prison (chapter 4), hate crime legislation affecting mosques (chap­ ter 5), and zoning laws that affect mosques (chapter 6). Many Muslims in this country must deal with issues of prayer in the workplace, prayer in public schools, and prayer on public property. Keywords: american; book; muslims
• Medieval Philosophical Discourse and Muslim-Christian Dialogue by Aminrazavai, Mehdi (1996.0) - Reflections Medieval Philosophical Discourse and Muslim-Christian Dialogue Mehdi Aminrazavi As pluralistic societies in the West become the nonn and the global village becomes a reality, ecumenical dialogues gain prominence. I will then apply the conclusions drawn from this model to contemporary attempts at such ecumenical dialogues. Keywords: christian; dialogue; islamic; muslims; philosophy; west
• The Role of Muslim Psychologists in the New Paradigm of Human Development: 5-7 April 1995 15-7 Dhl al Qa‘dah 1415 Lahore, Pakistan by Nadeem, Khurshid Ahmad (1996.0) - Among the society’s objectives are: to promote the cause of Muslim psychology as a basic as well as an applied science, and of Muslim psychologists as academicians and professionals working for the welfare of the individual and the society; to explore ways and means of improving the quality of training, research, and professional competence of Muslim psy- chologists; and to apply the teachings of the Qur’an and hadith and the interpretations of eminent Muslims thinkers in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of those who need psychological care. In view of the ram- pant moral corruption in Muslim societies, the conference recommended the implementation of the Qur’anic theory of moral development. Keywords: development; muslims; pakistan; psychology
• Ethical Theories in Islam : By Majid Fakhry. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991, 230 pp. by Atallah, Amjad (1996.0) - However, the depth of discussion of Muslim views during a time of great intellectual ferment begs the question, why then as opposed to now? Yet, despite the security thus afforded, there was great political ferment as first the Umayyads and then the 'Abbasids faced the discontent of dispossessed Muslims. Keywords: fakhry; muslims
• National Seminar on Muslims and Islamic Scholarship in Twentieth Century Nigeria: 15-17 Rabi' al Awwal 1415/12-14 August 1994 Congregation Hall, City Campus Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria by Aliyu, Chika Umar (1995.0) - Conferences, Addresses 137 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses National Seminar on Muslims and Islamic Scholarship in Twentieth­ Century Nigeria 15-17 Rabi' al Awwal 1415 I 12-14 August 1994 Congregation Hall, City Campus Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria This seminar was organized by the Center for Islamic Studies (CIS), Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), Sokoto, Nigeria. In the first session, M. G. Maitafsir (Faculty of Education, UDU) pre- sented “Islamic Scholarship in Nigeria Today: Keywords: department; muslims; nigeria; sokoto; udu
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1993.0) - He also emphasizes the need to structure Islamic science as a formal academic course to be taught at the undergraduate and gtadu- ate levels. M. Hashim Kamali inquires into the definition of b q q and looks into some of its aspects that have become the subject of controvemy, especially in the works of western commentaton on Islamic law. Keywords: american; conference; islamic; muslims; webb
• Islamic Values in the United States: A Comparative Study By Yvonne Yazbek Haddad and Adair T. Lummis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, 196 pp. by Yousif, Ahmad (1993.0) - While many Muslims view the Qur'an and Sunnah as the criterion of truth, the lack of a knowledgeable leadership among Muslims in the United States has caused an individualistic interpretation of Islamic law. If it is true that Islam is a religion for all times, all people, and all places, then how is it that in 1993 there is an Islam especially for Muslims living in the United States, one based on values similar to American values and supported and promoted by the United States as a more “moderate” Islam? Keywords: islamic; muslims; states; united
• The Islamic Lunar Calendar as a Civilizational Imperative: 29 Rabi' al Awai - 1 Rabi' al Akhir/8-10 October 1991 Penang, Malaysia by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1992.0) - Both al Bu&- and al TirmidhT related it from Abii Huray- rah, while al N&’i reW it from Ibn ‘AbbL and al Tabarm- related it from a1 Fkur5’ (Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Tay-yah, 1407 AH), 13-4. ?he mujrahid Taqiy al Din al Subki (d. 756 AH) wrote in hisfbtCTwCT that if astro- nomical calculations precluded the possibility of moonsighting, the qcs&-must reject the testimony of all witnesses. Keywords: calendar; hadith; lunar; means; muslims; sighting; ummah
• Proceedings of the Fiqh Council of North America: Kansas City, Missouri Rabi' al Awwal 6-7, 1413/September 4-5, 1992 by DeLorenzo, Yusuf (1992.0) - Yusuf Debtenzo Secretary, Fiqh Council of North America Hemdon, Virginia The taking of family names by orphans. Keywords: council; islamic; muslims; women
• Symposium on Muslims in Europe: The Institute for Comparative Social Research and the Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany Rajab 3-5; 1412/ February 6-8, 1992 by Sachedina, Abdulaziz (1992.0) - The concept of dZir al hijrah, on the other hand, captures the spirit of Muslim emigration to the West. Sander raised the possibility of founding an Islamic university in Europe that would instruct the new religious leaders on how to guide Muslim integration in the Western environment. Keywords: diaspora; europe; islamic; muslims; west
• Muslims in the Canadian Mosaic: By Zohra Husaini. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Muslim Research Foundation, 1990, 132 pp. by Hashem, Mazen (1992.0) - This book is a focused study on the Muslims in Canada with special tef- erence to Muslims in the pmvince of Alberta. In general, the study is very helpful to those who do not know much about Muslims in Canada. Keywords: muslims
• Taqlid and the Stagnation of the Muslim Mind by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1991.0) - The major factor which initiated the first phase was the lack of interest on the part of individual Muslims to acquire true learning and hard evidence. By the time of the third generation, however, learning and scholarly pursuits were no longer priorities with most Muslims, as they were more occupied with making a living. Keywords: allah; evidence; humanity; islamic; muslims; people; qur’an; scholars; taqlid; ummah
• The Crisis in Fiqh and the Methodology of ljtihad by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1991.0) - (This: al Sharikah al Tinisiyah li al Tmzi'), 89-9995; Zuhir W d , a1 Ijtihd wa a1 SGlr a1 I s h - Mu&mmad Zqbd, published in the Fkceedm . 14See JalrTl al Din al SuyUtj, Keywords: allah; crisis; door; fiqh; ijtihad; imams; islamic; muslims; opinions; people; period; result; rulers; scholars; taqlid; thought; time; ummah; way
• Islamic Economics and the Economy of Indian Muslims: New Delhi, India. Dhu al Hiijah 17-20, 1409/ July 21-24, 1989 by Mahdi, Syed Iqbal (1989.0) - The International Seminar on Islamic Economics and the Economy of Indian Muslims was held July 21-24, 1989 in the Convention Center of Ham- dard University, New Delhi, India, under the auspices of the Institute of Objective Studies (IOS). There were 10 sessions, with over 60 participants, on various aspects of Islamic Economics as well as on the economy of Indian Muslims. Keywords: islamic; muslims
• Hyderabad: After the Fall by Omar Khalidi; Wichita, Kansas: Hyderabad Historical Society, 1988. by Mathur, Krishna D. (1989.0) - The Five Day War, by Mir Laiq Ali, is a sad commentary on the plight of Hyderabad forces resisting the Indian offensive that began September 13. 1948. Just as innocent Hindus suffered at the hands of Rizakars during 1947-48 , so did innocent Muslims at the hands of the Indian army after Hyderabad troops surrendered on September 18, 1948. Keywords: hyderabad; muslims
• The Muslims of America Conference by Siddiqui, Mohammad A. (1988.0) - He classified Muslims into three categories: Cultural Muslims, who identify themselves as American like any other American group; American Muslims, who are proud of being American but at the same time are very cwscious of their Muslim identity; Simulationist Muslims, who would like to blend into American society but want to maintain some kind of Muslim identity. Steve Johnson of Indiana University examined the Political Involvement of American Muslims in the past, their current activity, and possible future course. Keywords: american; islamic; massachusetts; muslims; paper; session; united; university
• Exploring Nejatullah Siddiqi’s Contribution to the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah in Urdu Literature by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2017.0) - Rachid Ghannouchi, Al-Hurrīyat al-‘Āmmah fī al-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah (Public/ Civil Liberties in the Islamic State) (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al-Wihda al-Ara- biyah, 1993), 360, 63. 50. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah (Urdu) (Objectives of the Shari‘ah) (New Delhi: Markazi Maktabah-e-Islami Publishers, 2009). Keywords: ahmad; ajiss34; contribution; discourse; god; ibid; ijtihād; islamic; issues; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; modernist; muslims; new; objectives; page; shari‘ah; siddiqi
• China’s Muslims and Japan’s Empire, Centering Islam in WWII (by Kelly A. Hammond) by Ma, Haiyun (2021.0) - Chapter One provides a concise history of Japan’s scholarship and policy on Chinese Muslims (Hammond deliberately uses the term “Sino-Muslims” to refer to Chinese- speaking Muslims) from the Meiji restoration to the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, as well as the linkages between Japanese politics and scholarship on Sino-Muslims. To better understand Imperial Japan’s policy towards the Hui, one needs to look at Imperial Japan’s encounters with and scholar- ship on Hui Muslims from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, when Imperial Japan began to encroach upon the East Asian continent after the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894-5 and the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-5 in Manchuria. Keywords: china; japan; japanese; muslims
• Christian Monastic Life in Early Islam (by Bradley Bowman) by Mugler, Joshua (2022.0) - For Bowman, Donner’s theory can explain much of the positive attitude toward monks that can be seen among early Muslims, indicating not only that early Muslims tolerated the existence of monks in their territory, but that many early Muslims saw monastic practice as legitimate and inspirational, whether or not these Muslims actively par- ticipated at times in the life of the monasteries. Each of these sources provides evidence that many early Muslims had great respect for the ascetic and devotional practices of the monks whom they encountered in the lands of the caliphate. Keywords: bowman; christian; muslims
• Muslims of the Heartland: How Syrian Immigrants Made a Home in the American Midwest: (By Edward E. Curtis IV) by Ali, Tazeen (2024.0) - Other notable narratives that Curtis brings to the surface are those of Syrian Muslim women who played significant public roles in institu- tion building and communal life. Indeed, Curtis shows that ethnic-religious congregations actually served as a “vehicle of assimilation” for Syrian Muslims as they were centers of community across sectarian and religious traditions (p. 12). Keywords: muslims
• Political Loyalty in Reformist Islamic Ethics: Resources and Limits by Belhaj, Abdessamad (2024.0) - Moreover, he criticizes the Salafi movement’s imbalanced view of alle- giance and disavowal, which views non-Muslims as adversaries in and of themselves.47 Additionally, al-Qaradāghī adopts a realist perspective toward international relations in which violence occurs and calls for a suitable response of self-preservation. Here, al-Qaradāghī exclusively encourages the disavowal of hostile non-Muslims who start wars against Muslims.48 Similar to al-Qaraḍāwī, this conclusion suggests that inter- national interactions should be approached from a political perspective rather than a theological one. Keywords: allegiance; bayyah; ethics; islamic; limits; loyalty; muslims; non; qaradāghī; qaraḍāwī; reformist; religion; sunni; ʿabdallāh
• The Warrior Prophet: Muhammad and War: (by Joel Hayward) by Anjum, Ovamir (2024.0) - Professor Hayward, a specialist in military history, sets out to explain the well-established facts of the Prophet’s martial career: In his ten-year stay in Medina, the Prophet sent out some 80 expeditions, himself leading some 27 of them, of which about 9 saw significant combat. If raiding were a normal affair as Hayward claims, why would the Prophet raid and provoke the single most formidable power in Arabia rather than going after smaller tribes that could not retaliate? Keywords: hayward; muslims; prophet; quraysh
• Ummah’s Rights or Human Rights? Universalism, Individualism, and Islamic Ethics in the Twenty-first Century by Frick, Marie-Luisa (2010.0) - A telling example is the African [Banjul] Charter on Human and People’s Rights, which adds to individual human rights special rights of peoples, such as the right to existence, the right to development, or the right to national and international peace and security ([Organization of African Unity], “African [Banjul] Charter on Human and People’s Rights 1981,” http://www1.umn. edu/humanrts/instree/z1afchar.htm, accessed 26 April 2010). Ummah’s Rights or Human Rights? Universalism, Individualism, and Islamic Ethics in the Twenty-first Century Marie-Luisa Frick Abstract Against the background of the trend of Islamizing human rights on the one hand, as well as increasing skepticism about the compatibility of Islam and human rights on the other, I intend to analyze the potential of Islamic ethics to meet the require- ments for vitalizing the idea of human rights. Keywords: declaration; ethics; god; human; ibid; individual; islamic; muslims; page; pdf; religion; rights; trial; ummah; version
• ajiss-3692 by None (None) - Informed by a similar commitment to orthopraxy and how each com- munity orients to law, faith, and tradition, the lives of Orthodox Jewish and Muslim American communities, for the authors, provide a unique opportunity to think about how to build bridges across tacitly and artifi- cially constructed social and political barriers. Most of these Jewish Americans were members of Orthodox Jewish communities, who were both fearful of and outraged by Hamas’ murderous rampage on October 7, 2023. Keywords: american; communities; muslims
• ajiss-3795 by None (None) - Чтобы оценить эти нюансы, в следующем разделе мы рассмотрим влияние идей Маудуди в современном дискурсе «Солидарности». По мнению Ганнуши, высказанному в другом контексте, вопрос заключается не в том, чтобы убедить исламистов принять демократию, плюрализм и разделение власти, а в том, чтобы убедить правящие режимы «в праве исламистов – как и других политических групп – создавать политические партии, участвовать в политической деятельности и бороться за власть или разделение власти демократическими средствами»108. Keywords: constitution; islamic; journal; law; maududi; minorities; muslims; press; university; weekly; более; быть; в индии; власти; время; государства; движения; демократии; деятельности; для; другими; его; журнал; и в; или; индии; ислама; ислама и; исламского; как; килийаманнил; контексте; которые; либо; мак̣а̄с̣ид; маудуди; между; меньшинств; мнению; мусульман; мусульманских; новые; образом; общества; однако; они; под; поскольку; после; права; правовой; развитие; системы; солидарность; социально; справедливости; таким; тахир; того; только; том; фик̣х; хотя; человека; что; чтобы; шарӣ‘а; этики; это
• ajiss-405 by None (None) - For Sa`idzadeh, such laws are amenable to change.24 According to Ayatullah Mohagheg Damad, since civil rules are vari- able, Islamic law must change accordingly. These are some of the most challenging ques- tions facing contemporary scholars of Islam.1 Some scholars suggest that reformation should be interwoven with the reexamination of the authenticity and pivotal roles of the sunnah and the hadith,2 while others want to revisit Islamic law as it was formulated in the classical period and reexamine the tra- ditional exegetical literature. Keywords: god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; juridical; jurists; law; laws; muslims; pdf; qur’an; reformation; sunnah; trial; version; women
• ajiss-408 by None (None) - This is a mixed blessing, for while many traditional texts are more avail- able to a larger group of people – including women, who may have been on the periphery of many madrasas – reading such texts, particularly mystical ones, in new settings risks engendering a further breakdown of normative structures at a time when a cacophony of voices are speaking Islamicly. We have a limited number of premodern texts written by women in their own voices. Keywords: divine; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; muslims; qur’an; texts
• ajiss-441 by None (None) - This article presents an overview of the religious and political development of Cambodia’s Cham Muslims, most of whom are Sunnis, from the days of French colonialism up to the present, and shows how this formerly neglected minority became a showcase of Islamic internationalism. Although the tablighi madrasa of Au Chreou was built with Malaysian sup- port (which continues with a modest monthly subsidy of $100), just like the mosque of nearby Boeng Ta Prom village, where the donor organization’s check is presented inside the mosque, it is clear that Arab charities often neg- lect such remote areas.79 But other Cham are generally skeptical of such aid, Bruckmayr: The Cham Muslims of Cambodia 15 for they have heard of or might have experienced cases in which donations were coupled with an attempt to popularize alien religious doctrines (e.g., Wahhabism).80 These conflicts have once again resulted in divided communities. Keywords: cambodia; cham; community; dakwah; education; international; islamic; kampong; khmer; kiernan; les; malaysia; mosque; muslims; new; people; phum; province; regime; state; thailand; zone
• ajiss-447 by None (None) - Al-Asfahani, Kitab al-Fath al-Qussi fi al-Fath al-Qudsi (Cairo: n.d.), 47-48; Abu-Shama, Kitab al-Rawdatayn, 3:158. Shafiq Jasir, Tarikh al-Quds wa al-`Alaqah bayn al-Muslimin wa al-Masihiyin hatta al-Hur´b al-Salibiyah (Amman: Matabi` al-Iman, 1989), 59-62. 53. Keywords: abu; aelia; christians; city; din; history; ibn; ibn al; islamicjerusalem; jews; kitab; kitab al; multiculturalism; muslims; non; people; runciman; salah al; society; umar
• ajiss-505 by None (None) - And, it is this normalization in the wider understanding that makes the continuation and suggestion of such anti-Muslim ideas and expressions acceptable. As a direct consequence of the inroads made by the far-right and soci- ety’s deepening receptivity to anti-Muslim ideas and expressions, and in identifying how visual markers of difference were being used in the con- temporary climate, Muslims were targeted by other minority communities. Keywords: 9/11; allen; anti; bnp; british; communities; difference; european; islamic; islamophobia; media; muslims; new; report; society
• Christians, Muslims, and Mary: A History by Rita George-Tvrtković by Mugler, Joshua (2020.0) - At the level of theological debate, one key issue is Mary’s potential claim to prophethood, but George-Tvrtković is also interested in the history of Mary in Muslims’ popular devotion and artistic endeavors. 140 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 Christians, Muslims, and Mary: A History Rita George-Tvrtković New York: Paulist Press, 2018. Keywords: george; mary; muslims; tvrtković
• Theological and Intellectual Roots in Deobandi Thoughts : A Paradigm from Muhammad Qāsim Nānawtawī's Discourses with Special Reference to his Ḥujjat al-Islām by Siddiqui, Atif Suhail (2020.0) - He does discuss the section of Mubāḥithah in which Nānawtawī Siddiqui: A Paradigm from Muḥammad Qāsim Nānawtawī 46 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 responds to Dayānanda regarding the miracle of Muḥammad41—but the most important section, which is Nānawtawī’s philosophical discussion of monotheism and his response to his Christian opponents, is not here cov- ered. If the disputation (munāẓarah) had been a critical form of argumentation historically widespread in Islamic theological and juridi- cal circles (for instance, for debating legal or theological doctrines within Siddiqui: A Paradigm from Muḥammad Qāsim Nānawtawī 48 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 Islamic sects or juridical schools), Nānawtawī in the nineteenth century extended its form “outward”, beyond the limits of the Muslim communi- ty, in response to the proselytization of Christian and Hindu preachers.68 Nānawtawī’s methodology also allows him to incorporate (without be- coming mired in) classical Islamic theological discussions. Keywords: british; christian; deoband; divine; existence; god; ibid; india; islamic; islām; journal; muslims; muḥammad; nānawtawī; qāsim; qāsim nānawtawī; religion; siddiqui; society; thought; ḥujjat; ḥujjat al
• Propaedeutics in Practice: Islamic Legal Studies and the Public Sphere by Gutmann, Timothy (2020.0) - The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:3-4 Finally, I consider Saba Mahmood’s account of religious difference to suggest how Islamic legal traditions might complicate liberal ideas of jurisdiction. To avoid either of these caricatures, I suggest looking to the pro- paedeutic potential within Islamic legal traditions themselves. Keywords: american; authority; islamic; law; muslims; need; people; practice; press; propaedeutic; public; scholars; state; studies; thought; traditions; university; work
• Islamophobia and Racism in America: By Erik Love (New York: New York University Press, 2017. 267 pages.) by Michney, Todd M. (2017.0) - Furthermore, the socially conservative values and entrepreneurial orientation of many American Muslims had led them to vote Republican prior to 9/11, a dimension that Love completely overlooks. Using as a jumping-off point the upsurge in hate crimes perpetrated against American Muslims and others presumed to be Muslim after the 9/11 attacks, the author asserts that the “co-constituted nature of American racism and Is- lamophobia” (p. 4) is traceable to the mistaken assumption that someone’s re- ligious affiliation can be readily discerned by his/her appearance. Keywords: american; islamophobia; love; middle; muslims
• Muslim Americans in the Military: Centuries of Service By Edward E. Curtis IV (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016. 102 pages.) by Hussain, Amir (2018.0) - One also wishes that the book be read widely by American Muslims. Curtis’ book helps us, as American Muslims, to learn about our own history in our country. Keywords: american; chapter; muslims
• Indian Muslim Minorities and the 1857 Rebellion: Religion, Rebels, and Jihad By Ilyse R. Morgenstein Fuerst (London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. 228 pages.) by Ali, Mohsin (2021.0) - Therefore, Hunter selectively endorsed fatwas that stated Muslims must wage jihad or emigrate from India, and delegitimized opinions that stated Muslims could be law-abiding subjects in India (71). From this point on, jihad, interpreted by the British as a religiously-mandated war against non-Muslims, became crucial to European understandings of Islam and Muslims. Keywords: british; fuerst; muslims
• A Tribute to the Late Dr. Sulayman Shehu Nyang by Hussain, Altaf (2019.0) - Among the final Hussain: Tribute to Sulayman Nyang 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:1 products was a volume co-edited by Dr. Nyang, Dr. Bukhari and their col- leagues, Dr. Mumtaz Ahmad and Dr. John Esposito, Muslims’ Place in the American Public Square: Hopes, Fears, and Aspirations. On November 12, 2018, Dr. Sulayman Nyang returned to his 127 Creator. Keywords: howard; muslims; nyang; university
• Muslims in the Western Imagination: By Sophia Rose Arjana (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. 261 pages.) by Newlon, Brendan (2016.0) - The fright- ening result of Muslims being so closely linked with fantasy monsters has been the perpetration of indiscriminate violence against real Muslim bodies paral- leling the violence against zombies or other monsters in horror films. In chapter 5, “Muslim Monsters in the Americas,” she charts the devel- opment of medieval representations of Muslim monsters in the context of New World exploration. Keywords: arjana; chapter; monsters; muslims
• Reimagining Malcolm X: Street Thinker Versus Homo Academicus By Seyed Javad Miri (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2016. 84 pages.) by Morrow, John Andrew (2016.0) - However, there are plenty of other figures who come closer to Malcolm, such as Nelson Mandela (d. 2013), Steven Biko (d. 1977), Patrice Lumumba (d. 1961), and even Martin Luther King, Jr. (d. 1968), par- ticularly during his final days when he reassessed some of his views and strate- gies and started to move closer to Malcolm X in many ways. In his epilogue, Miri concludes that “Malcolm X qualifies as a highly acclaimed social theorist” (p. 80), an obvious observation made by anyone who has read The Autobiography of Malcolm X, a 1965 collaboration be- tween jouralist Alex Haley and Malcolm X, or his speeches. Keywords: field; malcolm; muslims
• The Muslim Question in Canada: A Story of Segmented Integration By Abdolmohammad Kazemipur (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2014. 209 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2016.0) - In fact, many Muslims were actually thinking of leaving Canada if he were re-elected. Concluding that the main issue of attachment is connected to employment and that the underlying reasons for that lie in the social realm, he proposes increased contact between Muslims and non-Muslims through non-segregated neighborhoods, as well as at schools and universities, and a more diverse interaction between “host” families and newly arrived immi- grants (pp. 181-84). Keywords: canada; kazemipur; muslims
• Consensus in the Islamic Legal System: An Indispensable or a Negligible Source by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2016.0) - I contend that (1) the early jurists viewed this as the safest way to inoculate and safeguard that system (and the other sources) from individual abuse and personal manipulation and that (2) without consensus and why it was originally construed and framed (notwithstanding how it was applied) by the jurists, the Qur’an and the Sunnah (despite their inherent re- ligious and theological authority) would be meaningless or inadmissible as legitimate sources of law. But before I discuss consensus, I would like to ad- dress the two authoritative sources of law. Keywords: consensus; law; muslims; qur’an; source
• Un-Islamic or Non-Muslim: The Identity of Violent Extremist Elements among Muslims by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2015.0) - After citing Qatadah’s theory of abrogation in the contexts of these peace verses, and probing the context and occasion of revelation of the alleged abro- gating war verse, al-Tabari swiftly rejected the theory as “baseless,” adding, “not according to the [context of the] Qur’an, the Sunnah, or even common sense (fiṭrat ‘aql).”9 Qur’an commentator and Maliki jurist Abu Bakr ibn al-‘Arabi (d. 1148) argues that the abrogation conclusion in this context is nothing but a mere “claim” (da‘wa).10 Fakhr al-Razi (d. 1210), a Qur’anic commentator and the- ologian with philosophical acumen (based on his voluminous tafsīr), both dis- misses this theory and insists that Muslims must accept peace “even if they (the opponents) sought it as a way of deception (‘alā sabīl al-mukhāda‘ah).”11 The majority of modern Qur’an commentators, including former Tunisian grand mufti Muhammad al-Tahir ibn ‘Ashur (d. 1973), overwhelmingly agree that the peace verses are meant for perpetual application. I will never disobey His command (amrah), nor will He ever abandon me (wa lan yuḥayyi‘anī).12 In his commentary on the peace verses, Sayyid Qutb selectively cited Qatadah’s opinion and ignored not only the other medieval commentators (i.e., al-Tabari, Ibn al-‘Arabi, Fakhr al-Razi), but also effectively disregarded the verses’ application at Hudaybiyyah. Keywords: extremists; ibn; islamic; majority; muslims; peace

• Female Personalities in the Qur’an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi‘i Islam By Rawand Osman (London and New York: Routledge, 2015. 207 pages.) by Inloes, Amina (2015.0) - The first section, “Women in creation,” is dedi- cated to Eve and the overarching question of whether woman was created from man or whether women and men are partners in creation and the rami- fications of these beliefs on our perspectives of gender. This section in- cludes a detailed exploration of Q 4:1, a verse about the creation of woman and man that can be taken to mean that either woman was created from man or that women and men were created similarly. Keywords: hadith; section; shi‘i; women
• Educating Muslim Women: The West African Legacy of Nana Asma’u (1793-1864) By Jean Boyd and Beverly Mack Oxfordshire & Leicestershire: Interface Publications & Kube Publishing, 2013. 256 pages. by Thompson, Katrina Daly (2014.0) - Boyd and Mack present the Shehu as a feminist who en- couraged his contemporaries to educate women and urged Muslim women to demand their rights. In arguing that women like Asma’u and the contemporary women who follow her example perform valuable and valued roles in their communities as educators, Boyd and Mack implicitly offer a counterpoint to popular stereo- types about Muslim women as oppressed. Keywords: asma’u; chapter; women
• Women, Leadership, and Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority By Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach, eds. (Leiden: Brill, 2012. 581 pages.) by Riley, Krista (2014.0) - She also profiles one organization that takes a more explicit stance in favor of women’s equality and individual ijtihād, thereby reflecting different claims to authority among Muslim women. In the section’s fourth chapter, Catharina Raudvere discusses Bosnian women’s diverse engagements with religious interpretations by looking at ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 119 women who take an explicit gender-focused approach in creating alternative spaces for Muslim women, as well as women working and teaching within more conservative madrasah structures. Keywords: authority; chapter; islamic; leadership; women
• Muslim Men Writing for Muslim Women: Ibn al- Jawzi’s Aḥkām al-Nisā’ by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2014.0) - Ibn al-Jawzi, Nuzhat al-Aʻyun al-Nawāzịr fī ʻIlm al-Wujūh wa al-Nazạ̄ʼir (Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risalah, 1984). 4. Such as al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (Beirut: Dar al- Maʻrifah, 1961). Keywords: god; ibn; jawzi; knowledge; women
• A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia By Madawi Al-Rashid (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 333 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2014.0) - Consequently, as Al-Rashid envisages, the battle in the twenty-first century will not be between marginalized women and authoritarian misogy- nist policies, but between two groups of women with different visions of their own society (p. 279). Saudi women in this context became “hostages” to the project of a “masculine authoritarian state” that continues to stake its legitimacy and sur- vival on the presumed faithfulness to such religious nationalism and to its al- liance with the Wahhabi ulama cohort. Keywords: saudi; state; women
• Performing Piety: Singers and Actors in Egypt’s Islamic Revival By Karin van Nieuwkerk (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013. 320 pages.) by Salois, Kendra (2014.0) - At the same time, van Nieuwkerk frequently claims that her interlocutors’ celebrity status means their decisions have enormous impact on the piety movement, elite women, and Egyptian women in general (e.g., pp. Anthropologist Karin van Nieuwkerk’s latest book-length study addresses the phenomenon, widely discussed in Egyptian media since the 1990s, of cele- brated singers, actors, and dancers who withdraw from their professions to live according to what they believe are Islamically sound principles. Keywords: nieuwkerk; piety; van; women
• Women in Morocco: Re-conceptualizing Religious Activism by El Haitami, Meriem (2013.0) - These have had an influential impact on the sociopolitical changes in Morocco, which notably included battles to reform family laws; however, female religious authorities seem to be having a more influential role in pro- moting the rights of Muslim women. Therefore, within this space the prac- tice of religion becomes institutionalized and engages the attendees in a col- lective moral conduct encouraged by Islamic teachings, which articulates the impact of female religious authorities on the wider community and paves the way for comprehensive social reform. Keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; authority; ibid; islamic; moroccan; morocco; murshidāt; new; power; state; women
• Reading the Qur’an Contextually by Willoughby, Jay (2013.0) - He is concerned with this third type, which poses particular challenges as regards how such texts are to be made relevant to the changed circumstances of the contemporary world. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 153 ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 153 Saeed began his presentation by defining context, which he said goes hand in hand with text, in two ways: (1) the linguistic context of the text in which the verse actually functions and (2) the macro-context of the text, which en- compasses the social, politicial, economic, intellectual, and cultural milieux in which a particular text functions. Keywords: approach; text; women
• Ibn Hazm: Profile of a Muslim Scholar by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2013.0) - Ibn Hazm was thus almost as prolific a writer as Ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 923). Editorial Ibn Hazm: Profile of a Muslim Scholar Keywords: father; hazm; ibn; ibn hazm; origin; scholars; women
• Civil Society and Women Activists in the Middle East: Islamic and Secular Organizations in Egypt By Wanda Krause (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012. 288 pages.) by Kayaoglu, Turan (2013.0) - Focusing on Egypt, the author carefully details the political, economic, and historical experiences of Egyptian women. The work that Egyptian women have done in the civil society sphere to target the multifaceted oppressive structures has yielded significant and sustainable political outcomes (p. 151). Keywords: krause; women
• An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women’s Islamic Movements By Sherine Hafez (New York: New York University Press, 2011. 208 pages.) by Seedat, Fatima (2013.0) - As they work to improve their role and status in society, Egyptian women move seamlessly through public and private spheres and thereby make public what the state intends to be private. It fur- ther allows her to reject feminist representations of Islamic women torn be- tween Islam and secularism, as well as the reified binary constructs of state and domestic spaces mediated through the struggle over women’s bodies. Keywords: activists; women
• Gender and Islam in Africa: Rights, Sexuality, and Law By Margot Badran, ed. (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2011. 324 pages.) by Sodiq, Yushau (2012.0) - Gender and Islam in Africa is a great contribution to the scholarship on African women. The contributors, all of whom come from different disci- plines, seek to elevate the status of women by promoting gender equality, human rights, and democracy in androcentric African societies. Keywords: chapter; gender; law; women
• Emirati Women: Generations of Change by Jane Bristol-Rhys (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. hbk. and pbk. 145 pages.) by Hashemi, Manata (2011.0) - Jane Bristol-Ryhs’ Emirati Women: Generations of Change provides a rare glimpse into how the lives of Abu Dhabi women have changed as a result of the discovery of oil in the late 1960s. Over the course of the chapters near the end of the book, Bris- tol-Rhys details the experiences of three generations of Abu Dhabi women and how they view their pre-oil past and face the challenges of the present. Keywords: bristol; rhys; women
• Women, Water and Memory: Recasting Lives in Palestine by Nefissa Naguib (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2009. pbk. 176 pages) by Sasson, Sharon (2011.0) - We can also learn about the role Palestinian women play in the national struggle. The book contributes to the advancement of research on Palestinian women, and in this, Naguib achieves what she aspires to in her introduction: “That women’s daily struggles in war zones should receive more academic coverage” (33). Keywords: chapter; women
• The Politics of Women’s Rights in Iran: By Arzoo Osanloo (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. 258 pages.) by Barzegar, Abbas (2010.0) - This is done by plac- ing the discourse of women’s rights within the cultural context of global- ization and post-colonialism and yet still identifying its local, embodied practice within the shifting political dynamics of post-revolutionary Iran. The following three chapters provide the text’s ethnographic core and most thoroughly demonstrate Osanloo’s observations regarding complex ways in which the Islamo-republican nature of Iran’s state structure allows for unique instances of gender and subject formation in the routine lives of Iranian women. Keywords: iran; rights; women
• Middle Eastern Belongings: By Diane King, ed. (New York: Routledge, 2010. 165 pages.) by Szanto, Edith (2010.0) - The first chapter by Sarah Persinger, “On the Margins: Women, National Boundaries and Conflict in Saddam’s Iraq,” historicizes and con- textualizes a wave of state-sponsored honor killings of Iraqi women just Book Reviews 125 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 125 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 prior to 2003. As it stands, chapters 1 and 3 with vio- lence against women in Iraq, while chapters 2 and 4 deal with Palestine. Keywords: book; chapter; women
• Veiled Constellations: The Veil, Critical Theory, Politics, and Contemporary Society by MacDonald, Megan (2010.0) - On a panel specific to Iran and the Post-Election Crisis, Anicee Van Engeland (University of Bedfordshire) posited in her “Chador Passport and the Empowerment of Iranian Women under the Islamic Republic,” from an international and Islamic law perspective, that Iranian women agree to wear the chador to use it as a tradeoff: giving up individual rights to gain as a com- Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 145 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 145 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 146 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 munity of women. The event’s advertising and signage played with the tropes of overwrit- ten and overlooked, suggesting that veiled women can be both silenced and subjected to “therapeutic, punitive attention” (Edward Said, Covering Islam, xxxv-vi). Keywords: islamic; panel; university; veil; women
• Disfigured: A Saudi Woman’s Story of Triumph over Violence By Rania Al-Baz (tr. Catherine Spencer) (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2009. 160 pages.) by Ami, Naama Ben (2010.0) - In chapter 8, “A Television Star,” the reader gains further insight into the situation of divorced women in Saudi society. This reality prompted her to help beaten women everywhere by appearing before television cameras, despite the state she was in, and insist that abusing women was not due to religion, but to blind fanaticism. Keywords: chapter; saudi; women
• Women of Fes: Ambiguities of Urban Life in Morocco by Rachel Newcomb (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. 248 pages.) by Spadola, Emilio (2010.0) - In so doing, Women of Fes helps the fields of anthropology, sociology, gender studies, and Islamic studies to illuminate the often-neglected power of class to shape gender in the Muslim Middle East and North Africa, demonstrating, not pointedly, that class divides women within as much as across cultures. The first post-Introduction chapter examines some rumors of violent Islamists and secretly wealthy slum dwellers by which Fassi women (and men) in the early 2000s distinguished themselves from the city’s non-elite. Keywords: class; gender; newcomb; women
• Racialized Bodies, Disabling Worlds: Storied Lives of Immigrant Muslim Women by Parin Dossa (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 192 pages.) by Jaffer, Sadaf (2009.0) - A surprising and thought- provoking revelation made toward the end of the chapter is that feminist the- orists have not discussed disabled women. Disabled bodies are valued less in this system. Keywords: chapter; disability; women
• The Veil: Women Writers on Its History, Lore, and Politics By Jennifer Heath, editor (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 346 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2009.0) - Jewish women choose to cover in an environment that is free of an overarching discourse that by so doing they are oppressed – a lux- ury not available to Muslim women. Carrel’s chapter on Hasidic women’s veiling contains explanations, rationales, and experiences that overlap with those of Muslim women, and yet any sense of defensiveness or embarrassment that often comes across in Muslim women’s accounts is missing. Keywords: veil; veiling; women
• Zina, Transnational Feminism, and the Moral Regulation of Pakistani Women: By Shahnaz Khan (Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 2007. 152 pages.) by Zaman, Habiba (2008.0) - Using the role of an immigrant researcher in her country of origin, Shahnaz Khan uses her feminist lens to explore dualities, decontextualization, and stereotypes of third-world women, more specifically Muslim women, while examining the contested issue of the Zina Ordinance and its multifaceted con- sequences for women in Pakistan. Methodologically, Khan’s analysis of the ordinance’s effects on women in Pakistan is based on her fieldwork conducted in that country from 1998- 2002. Keywords: khan; ordinance; women
• Rituals of Memory in Contemporary Arab Women’s Writing: By Brinda Mehta (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2007. 303 pages.) by Ben-Ami, Naama (2008.0) - The novels chosen for analysis have widely varying plots, but all reflect the place of women in Arab society and how they cope with difficult circumstances. Gender, an issue that has been in the headlines for decades now, has natu- rally also attracted the scholarly attention of both men and women. Keywords: book; chapter; novels; women
• Written for the West: Reading Three Iranian Women’s Memoirs by Tourage, Mahdi (2008.0) - Reading women’s memoirs does not automatically contribute to better pedagogies, just as exposure to western literature does not naturally liberate Iranian women from patriarchal dictatorship. It is hard to miss Nafisi’s working assumption (even though she has denied this in her interviews) that exposure to the works of such western novelists as Vladimir Nabokov, Jane Austin, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Henry James enables Iranian women to assert their agency and counter Islamist dictatorship. Keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; iran; lolita; nafisi; reading; tehran; women
• Gender, Modernity, and Liberty – Middle Eastern and Western Women’s Writings: A Critical Sourcebook by Reina Lewis and Nancy Micklewright, eds. (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2006. 259 pages.) by Aviv, Efrat E. (2008.0) - Based upon the information provided, it seems that Middle Eastern women followed the conditions and campaigns of western women with great interest, even though they proffered a cogent critique of western liberation’s limitations and adopted only select western feminist ideas. In addition, the book’s sampling of women writers of the period contributes to 122 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:2 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk all gender research, not only that of the Middle East. Keywords: book; middle; women
• Between Warrior Brother and Veiled Sister: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Politics of Patriarchy in Iran by Minoo Moallem (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005. 267 pages.) by Derayeh, Minoo (2008.0) - Although Shirin Ebadi, Mehrangiz Kaar, and other Iranian women have voiced their opinions on these issues, Moallem classifies them as “feminist legal schol- ars” (p. 180) and mentions them only in passing (pp. 150 and 180). Moallem argues that although many women and men were will- ing to die for the revolution’s success as it was unfolding, and although such enthusiasm knew no gender, after its success “martyrdom” became a sym- bol of masculinity while women were relegated to the roles of a martyr’s mother, sister, or wife (pp. 106-07). Keywords: fundamentalism; islamic; women
• Gender Equality in Iranian History: From Pre-Islamic Times to the Present By Minoo Derayeh (Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellon Press, 2006. 242 pages.) by Rahimieh, Nasrin (2007.0) - Despite set- backs suffered by women in certain sectors and professions, Derayeh finds that Iranian women have kept the patriarchal forces at bay. She ends her analysis by stating that “the continuing struggle of Iranian women to pro- tect their rights and their social, legal, and political status, and their success in achieving access to various fields of education and employment, have made it almost impossible for the present government of Iran to impose upon women a more restrictive fundamentalist Islamic system” (p. 217). Keywords: derayeh; islamic; women
• Creating the New Egyptian Woman: Consumerism, Education, and National Identity, 1863-1922 by Mona L. Russell (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004. 237 pages.) by Burke, Jeffrey C. (2007.0) - Russell places the disparate views of Egyptian women in the con- text of growing consumerism and educational opportunities in the late nine- teenth and early twentieth centuries. For example, Christine Sproul’s unpublished dissertation “The American College for Girls, Cairo, Egypt: Its History and Influence on Egyptian Women: A Study of Selected Graduates” (University of Utah: 1982), is not mentioned in the author’s research. Keywords: education; women
• A Dialogue by Faghfoory, Mohammed; Tourage, Mahi (2007.0) - To this, one must add prominent women like Sayyidah Nafisah (the daughter of Imam Hasan) and Sayyidah `A’ishah (the daughter of Imam Sadiq), whose mastery of exoteric and esoteric knowledge have been acknowledged by Sufi masters like Ibn `Ata’llah Iskandarani and many others. The fact that Tabatba’i did not mention the names of female Shi`i scholars and masters of esoteric sciences is perhaps just an accident. Keywords: book; man; women
• Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel, and the Ottoman Harem by Reina Lewis (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004. 297 pages.) by Hamdan, Amani (2006.0) - She discusses how Ottoman women “conceptualised a specifically Eastern vision of emancipation and engaged in a clear-sighted evaluation of the relative merits of occidental liberation” (p. 97). Throughout the fourth chapter, the author discusses how western women travellers to the Orient represented and eroticized the bodies of Ottoman women. Keywords: lewis; ottoman; women
• Lost Voices: Central Asian Women Confronting Transition by Yvonne Corcoran-Nantes (London and New York: Zed Books, 2005. 208 pages.) by Marat, Erica (2006.0) - Corcoran-Nantes explains that while the Soviet regime was empowering Central Asian women by liberating them from traditional religious values and setting quotas in public structures, these radical shifts in daily life inevitably complicated their identities in various social situations. As a result, Central Asian women faced greater problems in shaping their feminist agendas when compared to Russian women. Keywords: central; corcoran; soviet; women
• The Private World of Ottoman Women: By Godfrey Goodwin (London: Saqi Books, 2006. 261 pages.) by Jérôme, Alexandra A. E. (2006.0) - It also presents the reader with an understanding, although not overempha- sized, that these were women who lived within the parameters of Islam as both Christian and Muslim women, and who distinctly embodied the ideals of the feminine in Islam. Until this point, accounts of the 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:3 seemingly mundane activities of Ottoman women were limited to travelers’ accounts, gossip, and information that could be discerned through the lattice- work guarding the imperial harem. Keywords: ottoman; women
• Fighting for Uyghur Rights by Kadeer, Rebiya (2006.0) - But the Uyghurs were not prospering, and I was especially con- cerned about the situation of Uyghur women. Fighting for Uyghur Rights Rebiya Kadeer I begin my brief story in the 1960s, when many Uyghur (also spelled “Uygur” and “Uighur”) people, including myself, struggled against starva- tion. Keywords: government; people; rights; uyghur; women
• The Women of Karbala: Ritual Performances and Symbolic Discourses in Modern Shi`i Islam by Kamran Scot Aghaie, ed. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 304 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2006.0) - However, it represents the maturity of the state of Shi`i studies, having moved beyond the sensationalism of political obses- sions following the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the textually based Orientalism of an earlier generation to considerations of actual practices, performances, understanding of texts, and enactments of doctrines. The Women of Karbala: Ritual Performances and Symbolic Discourses in Modern Shi`i Keywords: karbala; studies; women
• Me and the Mosque: By Zarqa Nawaz, author and director (National Film Board of Canada, 2005. 52 minutes.) by Hussain, Amir (2006.0) - In Pakistan, for example, mosque space may be exclusively male space, but in Canada the mosque may be the only Muslim space available to women. However, what he jokes about, the nice “dungeons” that many people mention when they talk about the basements where some mosques give space to women, is no laugh- ing matter. Keywords: film; mosque; women
• Reading Arab Women’s Autobiographies: Shahrazad Tells Her Story by Nawar Al-Hassan Golley (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. 236 pages.) by Fiorindi, Lisa Pike (2006.0) - The selection of a wide variety of texts, ranging from interviews with illiterate women to autobiographies written by women with economic class privileges, is demonstrative of the author’s desire to bring both the diversity and complexity of Arab women’s lives to light. In outlining a brief history of Arab feminism, Golley strives to both demystify the “aura of exoticism” that has surrounded Arab women and to demonstrate that Arab feminism “is not alien to Arab culture.” Keywords: arab; feminism; golley; women
• Voices from Iran: The Changing Lives of Iranian Women by Mahnaz Kousha (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2002. 244 pages.) by Hojati, Zahra (2005.0) - The plight of Iranian girls is greatly hindered not only by their parents’ inability to communicate effectively, but also due to the fact that they are part of a society that does not allow young women to interact freely with young men. Even though the work can be considered a valuable piece in that it serves as a medium through which the voices of Iranian women can be heard, it does not necessarily reflect the experiences of all women due to the limitation of the research itself (region, language, religion). Keywords: iran; participants; women
• Terror, Counter-Terror: Women Speak Out by Ammu Joseph and Kalpana Sharma, eds. (London and New York: Zed Books, 2003. 283 pages.) by Neegan, Erica (2005.0) - In the final section, “Women against War,” several women and women’s organizations speak out against war: Barbara Lee (an African American woman), the Violence against Women in War Network in Japan, Women Living under Muslim Laws, Rigoberta Menchu (a Quiche Mayan woman and Noble Peace Prize win- ner Terror, Counter-Terror: Women Speak Out presents articles by several women writers and women’s organizations. Keywords: book; section; war; women
• With All Our Strength: The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan by Anne E. Brodsky (New York and London: Routledge, 2003. 318 pages.) by Farhoumand-Sims, Cheshmak (2005.0) - They did not approve of RAWA’s mili- tant and secular feminist approach, and were troubled that it was being seen in the international community – especially in the United States – as repre- senting their interests and goals as Afghan women. She provides a good review of its philosophy and workings through an impressive number of interviews and personal observations gained while living and traveling with RAWA members. Keywords: rawa; women
• Of Silk Saris and Mini-Skirts: South Asian Girls Walk the Tightrope of Culture by Amita Handa (Toronto: Women’s Press, 2003. 211 pages.) by Nazim, Zabeda (2004.0) - This is a glaring omission, for Bollywood has been, and continues to be, one of the most powerful forms of popular culture used to create and shape South Asian identities, particularly those of women. Using articles from Canadian mainstream media, discussions with Canada’s South Asian community, and interviews with young second-gen- eration South Asian women about their relationships with school and fam- ily during the early to mid-1990s, Handa sets out to contest the dominant culture clash model that has been used to explain how South Asian adoles- cents are “torn” or “caught” between the values of “traditional” (South Asian) and “modern” (Canadian) culture. Keywords: asian; south; women
• The Making of the Modern Iranian Women: Gender, State Policy, and Popular Culture, 1865-1946 by Camron Michael Amin (Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 2002. 320 pages.) by Bahramitash, Roksana (2004.0) - Meanwhile, the Babist Kermani, who called Iranian women “the living dead,” saw their enslavement as the result of the corrupted Arab culture transmitted through Islam. The site is an example of the extent to which Iranian women participate in the country’s public and civic life. Keywords: amin; book; iran; women
• International Conference on “The Making of the Islamic Diaspora” by Farhoumand-Sims, Cheshmak (2004.0) - The conference’s panels discussed themes related to identity forma- tion, gender in diaspora, fundamentalism and human rights, the diaspora experience, and the media and representation. Meyer suggested that the univer- sality versus cultural relativism debate is particularly relevant to the hijab controversy, and reminds us that human rights is about freedom of choice. Keywords: conference; diaspora; rights; women
• After Shock: September 11, 2001 – Global Feminist Perspectives by Susan Hawthorne and Brownwyn Winter, eds. (Toronto: Raincoast Books, 2003. 557 pages.) by Opini, Bathseba M. (2004.0) - The last essay in the book, “If Women Really Mattered …,” discusses the devastating condition of women and children in Afghanistan. Jennie Ruby rebuffs the idea that bombing Afghanistan is a war to empower Afghan women by calling it a war against fundamentalist patriarchy and American capitalist patriarchy (p. 178). Keywords: afghanistan; terrorism; war; women
• Legal and Practical Aspects of Participation by Women in Arab Societies by Regt, Marina de (2004.0) - While the Arab Human Development Report states that many Arab women suffer from discrimination at work, al-Lamki’s research was less conclusive. Depending on location and historical moment, women activists have drawn inspiration from a wide array of sources, including both religious and sec- ular discourses. Keywords: arab; conference; law; women
• No Shame for the Sun: Lives of Professional Pakistani Women by Shahla Haeri (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2002. 454 pages.) by Nazim, Zabeda (2004.0) - The book’s preface spells out its main purpose: to render visible the experiences of professional Pakistani women within the larger goal of dis- rupting the dominant western stereotypes and beliefs of Muslim women. Situated against Pakistan’s changing social, political, economic, cultural, and religious landscapes, their successes, costs, and struggles “challenge the notion of a ‘hegemonic’ and monolithic Islam that victimizes Muslim women” (p. xi). Keywords: book; haeri; women
• Globalization, Gender, and Religion: The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts by Jane H Bayes and Nayereh Tohidi, eds. (New York: Pa/grave Publishers, 2001. 280 pages.) by Mazid, Nergis (2002.0) - The following chapter, Women Redefining Modernity and Religion in the Globalized Context, is struc­ tured to answer three fundamental issues about Catholicism and Islam: How they regard women, what historical similarities and differences exist in their responses to modernity, and what is the position of women's reli­ giosity and spirituality in social change and their agency in reshaping the parameters of modernity and religion. Book Reviews Globalization, Gender, and Religion:The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts Jane H Bayes and Nayereh Tohidi, eds. Keywords: women
• Women Claim Islam: By Miriam Cooke (New York: Routledge, 2001. 175 pages.) by Zine , Jasmin (2002.0) - This movement has allowed Muslim women writers and intellectuals to develop a gendered Islamic epistemology. Being situated outside their nations' historical nar­ ratives, Cooke examines the literary practices of Arab Muslim women who have entered into global political discourses as vibrant public intellectuals, rather than as history's invisible subtext. Keywords: women
• Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical and Modern Stereotypes by Katherine Bullock (London: IIIT, 2002. 320 pages.) by Ahmad, Fauzia (2002.0) - Furthermore, Shahnaz Khan's interesting and relevant work on Muslim women in Canada and identities would have complemented Bullock's study, while some dis­ cussion of the contributions made by Muslim women writers from Europe ( e.g., Rana Kabani or Anne-Sofie Roald), who have launched staunch argu­ ments against western feminist imperialist interpretations being imposed onto the lives of Muslim women, would have balanced the book's tendency to seek comparisons with women in the Middle East. Much has been written about Muslim women, dress, hijabs, veils, and, more recently, burqas. Keywords: women
• May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt by Marilyn Booth (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 335 pages.) by Stockdale, Nancy L. (2002.0) - Revealing women authors as both shaping and being shaped by contemporary ideas of successful femininity, Booth's study is perhaps the most potent analysis of Egyptian feminism pub­ lished in quite some time. With the publication of biographies of women as diverse as the Prophet's wives, Jeanne d'Arc, Hatshepsut, Jane Austin, and Safiyya Zaghlul, Booth uncovers the diversi ­ ty of the Egyptian women's press in its scope and vision of what Egypt should expect of its women. Keywords: booth; women
• Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an by Asma Barias (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2002. 254 pages.) by Geissinger, Aisha (2002.0) - Does the Qur'an permit the oppression of women? Can women pursue equality and remain within the framework of its teachings? Keywords: women
• Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women by Hoosein, Sharon (2002.0) - This national organization, with chapters across Canada, was founded in 1982 when Muslim women from across Canada attended the founding conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He stated that Muslims do not take their heritage seriously and that piety has been cheapened by out­ ward displays, particularly in how Muslim women are treated. Keywords: conference; women
• Western Mimicry or Cultural Hybridity: Deconstructing Qasim Amin's "Colonized Voice" by Mazid, Nergis (2002.0) - In 1899, Amin published The Liberation of Women, in which he maintained that the decline of Egypt's sta­ tus as a strong global power was directly correlated to the subjugation of Egyptian women. Deconstructing Qasim Amin' s Colonized Voice Nergis Mazid Abstract Qasim Amin ( 1865-1908) remains one of Egypt's most contro­ versial figures in the early modem women's rights movement. Keywords: women
• The International Women's Movement and the Politics of Participation for Muslim Women by Chishti, Maliha (2002.0) - By articulating a faith-centered approach to social justice, Muslim women have important con­ tributions to make in order to push forward a collective agenda against all forms of violence and oppressions affecting women, in both Muslim and non-Muslim societies. This article suggests that Muslim women implement a strategic-integrative approach to our involvement based on creating our own independent and integrated analyses and political frames, and engaging in soli­ darity and alliance-building with women across our diversity and difference based on mutually defined goals. Keywords: women
• Women, the State, and Political Liberalization: Middle Eastern and North African Experiences by Laurie A. Brand. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.320 pages.) by Ezzat, Heba Raouf (2001.0) - References used for Comparative Remarks Dawn Chatty & Annika Rabo (ED.), Organizing Women: Formal and Informal Women's groups in the Middle East, Oxford Berg, 1997 Aua Karam, Women, Islamism and the State: Contemporary Ferninisms in Egypt, London: MacMillan, 1998. In 1991 Laurie A. Brand started her project to study the effect of those changes on women in the region. Keywords: case; changes; islamists; liberalization; organizations; state; women
• Finding Fran: History and Memory in the Lives of Two Women by (Lois W. Banner. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. 243 pages.) by Meyer-Hoffman, Gretchen Iman (2001.0) - The author is now a feminist history professor and her high school friend, Fran, is Noura-a Muslim living in Egypt Banner looks back on their lives to find out what led one to feminism and the other to Islam. In college they separate, Banner to UCLA and Fran to Stanford. Keywords: banner; fran; noura; women
• Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East: The Egyptian Women's Movement by Najde al-Ali. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 282 pages.) by Alameh, Lara Shahriyar (2001.0) - Today, Egyptian women are very noticeably doing the opposite as a form of protest, while utilizing the same reasoning as before. In her conclusion, “Standing on Shijling Ground,” Ali reemphasizes her goal to legitimize the cause of secular women in Egypt. Keywords: ali; egypt; secularism; women
• Women, Patronage, and Self-Representation in Islamic Societies: By Ruggles Fairchild (editor), Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. by Haleem, Irm (2001.0) - Hence, she states that “the matronage of a queen like Nur Jahan was not a singular activity but one which had as its larger context many sectors: householder women giving to Buddhist monastic complexes, a courtesan giving to a Jain complex, and royal women giving to Buddhist complexes” (p. 93). In her examination of elite Ottoman women Micklewright concludes that not only were women active agents in society, but they could be patrons of significant public architec- ture and could wield considerable political influence (p. 171). Keywords: author; ottoman; patronage; societies; women
• The Pure and Powerful: Studies in Contemporary Muslim Society by Nadia Abu-Zahra. lthaca Press, 1997, 320 pp. by Ezzat, Heba Raouf (1999.0) - The connection people make between their practices and Islamic traditions is crucial for the study of how Islam is variously integrated and practiced in different societies. First, she goes on to demon- strate how the performance of a certain set of Islamic rituals dovetails Islamic prescriptions with social traditions, therevy showing how an analysis which would separate the two would result in a distortion of social realities and obscure any real understanding of Muslim society. Keywords: islamic; people; rituals; sayyida; women
• Quest for Conception: Gender, Infertility, and Egyptian Medical Traditions by Marcia C. lnhorn. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994. by Thorbjornsrid, Berit (1998.0) - The result today is malpractice to such a degree that infertility treatment in itself carries an increasing health risk for women. Both cause frequent infec- tions in women and thus increase the risk of infertility. Keywords: egypt; infertility; inhorn; myth; overpopulation; women
• Women in Feminism and Politics: New Directions towards lslamization by Zeenath Kausar. Petaling Jaya: Women Affairs Secretariat [WAFA], IIUM, 1995, 119 pp. by Shabbir, Mohammad (1998.0) - Women are rational and virtuous and women, like men, are created as Allah’s vicegerents. It does not mean man’s domination over woman but man’s responsibility for women and children’s security and maintenance. Keywords: author; family; islamic; islamization; leadership; women
• Family, Gender, and Population in the Middle East: Policies in Context by Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, editor. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1995, 257 pp. by Benton, Catherine (1998.0) - This research brings into focus the com- plexities that result when various factors push and pull on individual women, Book Reviews 127 men, and family systems as they cope with the realities of more or fewer chil­ dren. Several major themes emerge: the need to understand family planning within the larger context of women’s health ser- vices, “the need to better define and measure widely used but little understood concepts such as women’s status and autonomy” (p. xii), and the need to exam- ine “women’s rights” within the context of traditional Islam as it is practiced in specific cultural and geographic areas. Keywords: family; middle; obermeyer; population; rights; women
• Development, Change, and Gender in Cairo: A View from the Household Edited by Diane Singerman and Homa Hoodfar. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, I996, 192 pp. by Bullock, Katherine (1998.0) - The essays in this book not only show that Cairene women are intelligent and comprehending observers of Egyptian society, but that they are also active participants in their society-acting upon it, as well as being acted upon. The editors are quick to point out that understanding how the household impacts upon and is affected by state policy is not a substitute for studying for- mal state institutions and other sources of power in Egyptian society. Keywords: book; cairo; household; women
• Editorial by Abugideiri, Hibba (1996.0) - This year has brought many changes to AJISS, not only in the scope of Islamic issues highlighted within the articles, but also in the range of opinions articulated by their authors. Underlying her Qur’anic rereading of Eve’s role in the parable of creation lies the goal of forging a new methodological approach to Islamic issues that need to be redressed, particularly in light of the current wave of Islamic revivalism. Keywords: islamic; women
• A Trade Like Any Other: Female Singers and Dancers in Egypt by Karin van Nieuwkerk. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995, 226 pp. by Thorbojrnsrud, Bent (1996.0) - Does this not imply that women can transform men into sexual bodies? And she asks: Is the tainted reputation of female entertainers due to the fact that entertainment is a dishonorable profession or is it due to the fact that the profession is dishonorable for women? Keywords: bodies; body; trade; van; women
• Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation: By Barbara Freyer Stowasser. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1994, 206 pp. by Wadud-Muhsin, Amina (1995.0) - It takes a book like Barbara Freyer Stowasser's Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation to help extricate the complex images of Muslim women from the gross overgeneralization character­ istic of popular western media. We can understand how complex notions of the place of Muslim women in society have resulted from these various references, even though we get no hint at what that place is from this work. Keywords: book; islamic; women
• Women and Words in Saudi Arabia: By Saddeka Arebi. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994, 329pp. by Zuhur, Sherifa (1995.0) - Arebi embarks on cultural analysis via the literary work of nine contemporary Saudi women writers in this thoughtful and provocative discussion of gender and literary production at a significant historical juncture for Saudi women. However, she seems to have backed into asserting a unique and nonfeminist position for Saudi women, using such slogans as quality not equality, although the subjects of her study often write otherwise. Keywords: arebi; feminism; saudi; women; work
• Law, Culture, and Human Rights: Islamic Perspectives in the Contemporary World 20-21 Jumada al Awwal 1414/5-6 November 1993 Yale Law School, New Haven, CT by Mattson, Ingrid (1994.0) - An-Naim began from the premise of the universality of human rights, saying that the norms embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) should take precedence over the Shari'ah when the two conflict. An-Naim also criticized the double discourse practiced by Muslim leaders: they appear to support human rights when addressing non- Muslims but speak differently when addressing their circle of supporters. Keywords: conference; islamic; naim; rights; women
• Four Works on Women in Islam: Al Mar'ah al Muslimah fi Tunis bayna Tawjihat al Qur'an wa Waqi' al Mujtama' al Tunisi By Rashid al Ghanushi. Kuwait: Dar al Qalam, 1988. by Hashem, Mazen (1993.0) - He decries reductionism and litemlists and criticizes severely some legal opinions on social life and women; b) the high status and achievements of Muslim women in history and how these prior accomplishments connect them with modem life. While discussing one issue, he fell into the trap of analytical reaction to restrictive opinions, for he stated it is considered for Muslim women that wearing extemal adornment, in most of her cir- cumstances, is a shar'i requirement (wujib) ( vol. 4:253). Keywords: book; islamic; women
• Middle Eastern Muslim Women Speak: By Elizabeth Warnock Fernea and Basima Qattan Bezirgan Published by: University of Texas Press/Austin and London, 1977 399 pages. Price: $23.50 (hardcover) Price: $12.50 (paperback) by Allee, Feroza (1985.0) - it provides a somewhat clearer view of the conditions, aspirations, struggles, and achievements of Middle Eastern Muslim women. In Middle Eastern Muslim Women Speak, editors Fernea and Bezirgan have made a valiant effort to unveil an important dimension of Middle Eastern history and society, a dimension that has been for the most part, hidden from view because of the false notion that the world of Islam is a world created by men for men rather than a joint creation of men and women. Keywords: book; middle; women
• Women and the Family in the Middle East: by Elizabeth W Fernea Published by: University of Texas Press, Austin, 1985 356 pp. Price $24.50 (hardcover) and $11.95 (paperback) by Allee, Feroza (1985.0) - A growing number of Arab women are studying engineering because of its high status and employ- ment prospects in an increasingly industrialized Arab world. The book is in part a progress report - statements by women and men about their lives and their experiences. Keywords: family; islamic; middle; women
• Post-Revolutionary Islamism and the Future of Democracy and Human Rights in Egypt by Ibrahim, Abadir M. (2013.0) - Ben Wedeman, “Salafis Call for Islamic Law in Egypt protest,” CNN, 9 Nov. 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/09/world/africa/egypt-protests; “MENA, Salafi Youth Association to Attend Friday Protest,” Egypt Independent, 7 Jun. 2012, http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/salafi-youth-association-attend- friday-protest. 92. BBC, “Egypt’s Islamist Parties Win Elections to Parliament”; Aya Batrawy, “Egypt Elections 2012: Islamists Secure 75 Percent of Parliament, Huffington Post, 22 Mar. 2012, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/21/egypt-elections-2012- islamists_n_1220801.html; Omar Ashour, ‘The Unexpected Rise of the Salafists has Complicated Egyptian Politics,” Daily Star, 6 Jan. 2012; Batt Bradley, “Is- lamic Parties Dominate Egypt Parliamentary Elections,” Wall Street Journal, 21 Jan. 2012, online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405297020430140457717483211 7262816.html. Keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; azhar; brotherhood; constitution; democracy; democratic; egypt; human; international; islamic; islamist; journal; law; new; page; post; revolution; rights; salafi; shari‘ah; society; state; women
• In Your Face: Law, Justice, and Niqab-Wearing Women in Canada (by Natasha Bakht) by Bullock, Katherine (2022.0) - A K H T Bakht’s previous work has shown deep insight into the topic of niqab in the West, with strong messages supporting the right of Muslim women to wear niqab and be included as full citizens in Western liberal democ- racies, while criticizing the numerous assumptions and objections that lead to niqab bans. O O K R E V i E W S  173 context—Sherene Razack’s contention that niqab bans are a call to Muslim women to yield to sexual and racial superiority rings true. Keywords: bakht; face; niqab; women
• Muslim Women and the Politics of Representation by Zine, Jasmin (2002.0) - Abstract This paper examines the politics of knowledge production as it relates to Muslim women in western literary traditions and con­ temporary feminist writing, with a view to understanding the political, ideological, and economic mediations that have histor­ ically framed these representations. Contemporary feminist writing and popular culture have reproduced the colonial motifs of Muslim women, and these have regained currency in the aftermath of9/1 l. Drawing upon the work of Mohja Kahf, this paper begins by mapping the evolution of the Muslim woman archetype in western literary traditions. Keywords: women
• Women and Gender in the Qur’an: (by Celene Ibrahim) by Bint Younus, Zainab (2023.0) - Though her footnote does reference verses 51:26-28 and 11:70, in which the angelic messengers to the Prophet Ibrahim refuse food, she could have answered (at least part of) her own question by acknowledging the many aḥadīth in which angels met with the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions in the form of men, and particularly in the form of Diḥya al-Kalbī. This particular insight yields a starting point for future conversations on the role of Muslim women within their religious and social communities. Keywords: female; ibrahim; qur’an; qur’anic; women
• Textual Authority and Modern Urdū Exegetical Interpretations: A Case Study of Q.4:34 by Anjum, Naveed (2025.0) - Abū al-aʿlā al-Mawdūdī (d.1979) and Tafhīm al-Qurʾān34 Mawdūdī is a distinct thinker in the modern Islamic world, and his writ- ings have a visible impact to this day.35 His Tafhīm al-Qurʾān remains a very popular exegetical work. Shāh Allah Walī, al-Ḥujjat Allāh al-Bāligha, vol. 2, (Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathīr, 2020), pp. 420-428. 52 Abū Bakr Aḥmad bin ‘Alī al-Rāzī al-Jaṣṣāṣ,, Aḥkām al-Qur’ān, vol. 2, (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, Beirut, 2013) pp. 236-238. 53 Aysha. Keywords: family; husband; iṣlāḥī; man; mawdūdī; q.4:34; qurʾān; raḥmānī; shafīʿ; terms; text; vol; wife; women; āzād
• Female Religious Authority in Shi'i Islam: Past and Present: (by Mirjam Künkler and Devin J. Stewart, Eds.) by Mohomed, Carimo (2023.0) - Mirjam Künkler (Senior Research Fellow at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study) and Devin J. Stewart’s (Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Emory University) edited book presents the forgotten history of female religious authority in Islam, providing essential first- hand materials for researchers of Islamic religious authority, Twelver Shi‘ism, and especially the role of women in the Islamic tradition. O O K R E V i E W S  145 conference on female religious authority in modern Iran, which was held at Princeton University in 2015. Keywords: authority; islamic; shi‘i; twelver; women
• Response to Zainab Bint Younus’ Review of "Women and Gender in the Qur’an" by Ibrahim, Celene (2024.0) - These include the writings of Ibn Isḥāq (d. ca. 150/767–8), as synthesized in the work of Ibn Hishām (d. ca. 218/833–4), as well as in other biographical works such as the Ṭabaqāt (Generations) of Ibn Saʿd (d. 230/845) that includes extensive entries on the Prophet Muḥammad’s contemporaries, including women who are alluded to in the Qur’an. I do not, in fact, merely reproduce exegesis in the style of premodern confessional works. Keywords: book; qur’an; studies; women
• Ислам и эпистемологическая гендерная политика: деколониальный момент by Нагиб, Шурук (2024.0) - Тем не менее Николсон утверждает, что конструкцио- нистские феминистки продолжали работать, исходя из предпо- 14  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:1–2 ложения, что половые различия повсеместно порождают ген- дерное дифференцирование, то есть «отличительные данные тела порождают общие черты в классификации людей в разных культурах и в реакциях других на тех, кого классифицируют подобным образом»[17]. Задавая вопросы из текста о том, в чем заключается значение различия (а именно акт пенетрации), обсуждение 16  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:1–2 Роусона заставило Сандерс понять – в отличие от господство- вавших тогда взглядов в гендерной теории, – что в исламских источниках может одновременно проводиться более одного ряда различий по признаку пола. Keywords: gender; ibid; press; university; women; американский; гендера; гендерная; гендерной; гендерных; даже; для; его; женщин; журнал; западной; или; ислама; как; категории; которая; которые; между; нагиб; образом; общества; однако; она; они; пола; различия; также; тела; теории; феминистской; что; чтобы; эпистемологическая; является
• ajiss-3646 by None (None) - Ancak yazılı ve hukuki İslami kaynak- lar yorumlanırken, birden çok cinsiyet/toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımı modeliyle eş- cinselliğin hoş görüldüğü iddia edilse bile, erkek/erkek olmayan ayrımından hareketle bir toplumsal cinsiyet kimliği olarak Müslüman bir “eşcinsellik” Toplumsal cinsiyet ile biyolo- jinin bağlantısını kopararak cinsiyet, toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinselliği söylemsel fenomenler olarak düşünmenin önünü açtı. Keywords: 5"7; a.g.e; analitik; ancak; arasındaki; ayrımı; batı; bir; biyolojik; bkz; bunun; cinsel; cinsiyet; daha; dair; dolayısıyla; eleştirel; entelektüel; epistemik; erkek; feminist; gender; gibi; göre; hem; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; için; i̇slam; kabul; kadın; kavramsal; kültürel; müslüman; nefis; olan; olarak; ortaya; oxford; oyewumi; politik; press; tarafından; tarihsel; teorik; teorisi; toplumsal; toplumsal cinsiyet; university; women; yeniden; çalışmaları; örneğin; üzerine; şekilde
• ajiss-438 by None (None) - The role Tatari : Populism and Secularism in Turkey 23 of state institutions and the persistence of culture correspond with the theo- retical framework of these two approaches. In the remainder of this article, I will demonstrate the causal link between the HBP and the Kemalist principles of populism and secular- ism as state institutions during the twentieth century. Keywords: headscarf; ibid; institutions; islamic; kemalist; policies; populism; public; secularism; state; turkey; women
• ajiss-476 by None (None) - Her reading re- lies on the assumption that pre-Islamic Arab men mistreated their women to such an extent that Q 4:34’s permission to discipline their wives “through a gradual process” is in fact justice towards women. Ironically, while challenging the patriarchy of denying women’s contributions to Islam, Lamrabet herself hardly cites Muslim women, although she frequently cites past and contemporary men. Keywords: islamic; lamrabet; qur’an; women
• ajiss-485 by None (None) - Chapter one paints a somewhat grim picture of the politically precarious position of migrant women within the kefala sys- tem, labor laws, and bans on migrations often creating impossible condi- tions for migrant woman. Furthermore, religious conversion to Islam is often mired in the same prejudices and stereotypes of the orient found in western and predominantly Judeo-Christian depictions of the Middle East, the region that Islam is most often associated with. Keywords: ahmad; conversion; migrant; women
• ajiss-486 by None (None) - “I found surprise, pleasure, and delight in pious fashion, as well as an intellectual challenge to the neat boxes I had once put things in: modest dress as imposed on women, fashion as a symptom of patriarchy, and aes- thetics as separate from ethics. She did fieldwork in three cities—Tehran, Iran (2004 and remotely 2011); Istanbul, Turkey (2004, 2012, 2013); and Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2011)—observing women in a variety of locations, going shopping, and participating in activities related to pious fashion (in- cluding wearing it herself sometimes). Keywords: book; dress; fashion; women
• ajiss-504 by None (None) - The Qur’an calls the Solomonic temple, which contains the Holy of Holies, al-Masjid al-Aqsa (17:1, 7). The four schools of Sunni jurispru- dence, along with the Shi`i Ja`fari school, consider al-Masjid al-Aqsa to be the third holiest site after the Makkan and Madinan harams.27 Keywords: access; god; hadith; ibn; islamic; mosque; people; period; prophet; qur’an; segregation; tradition; vol; women
• ajiss-523 by None (None) - Necva B. Kazimov graduated from New York Law School (May 2003). Egypt's Reservations to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and Women's Rights in Egypt Necva B. Kazimov --The object and use of lawyer's language is twofold: partly to prevent informa­ tion being conveyed to certain descriptions of persons, partly to cause such in.for­ mation to be conveyed to them as shall be false, or at any rate, fallacious: to secure habitual ignorance, or produce occasional misconception. - Jeremy Bentham, Rationale of Judicial Evidence Keywords: egypt; women
• A Passionate Pursuit of Justice: Towards an Ethics of Islamic Feminist Research Practice by Saeidi, Shirin (2018.0) - 3Saeidi: A Passionate Pursuit of Justice Central to this assertion is my claim that feminist care ethics, which influ- ences feminist care politics during field research and qualitative analysis, does not offer adequate methods for working with populations that follow other traditions concerning the interplay between care and justice. Next, I concentrate on feminist methodolo- gies to think through the strengths and weaknesses of current theorizations of feminist care ethics. Keywords: activists; care; care ethics; cultural; ethics; feminist; hezbollah; iran; islamic; justice; movement; politics; practice; press; pursuit; research; saeidi; state; university; women
• Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria: by Deanna Ferree Womack by Pruss, Maria-Magdalena (2020.0) - In sum, Syrian Protestant women not only fully participated in the Nahda, as the chapter demonstrates, but were actually some of its earliest female proponents. Whether they composed novels or taught in girls’ schools, published on child-rearing or wrote for periodicals, founded charities or gave public speeches, Syrian women were anything but passive ‘recipients’ of an intellectual movement thought out and led by men. Keywords: american; chapter; protestant; women
• Female Sexuality in the Early Medieval Islamic World: Gender and Sex in Arabic Literature by Pernilla Myrne by Anchassi, Omar (2020.0) - Khālid al-Rabbāṭ et al. (Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2016), 16:449. Myrne’s book does much to validate the claims of al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/868) in his infamous Risāla fi l-Qiyān that expectations of decorum between the sexes were not always as they later came to be.5 Though there are many indications in the sources of women’s frankness on matters sexual, as in the copious literature of mujūn (socially and reli- giously subversive material, usually with erotic or bacchic themes), Myrne notes that women were much more typically the recipients of such treat- ment than those trafficking in it. Keywords: islamic; myrne; sex; women
• Good Girls Marry Doctors: South Asian American Daughters on Obedience and Rebellion by Piyali Bhattacharya (San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 2016. 196 pages.) by Haq, Sara (2017.0) - In the context of Islamic studies, the stories by Muslim South Asian American women serve as a source of expe- riential and affective knowledge. The book can easily be included in syllabi ranging from South Asian American studies, American studies, and Islamic studies to women/gender/sexuality studies, cultural studies, and affect theory. Keywords: american; stories; studies; women
• Islam’s Foundational Equality by Finn, David Raeburn (2017.0) - (2:223) Hidayatullah quotes Kecia Ali approvingly to suggest that wherever egalitarian tafsīr “systematically avoids inconvenient verses” (Feminist Edges, p. 135) and “selectively” presents egalitarian verses in isolation from their broader scriptural context, it is “fundamentally dishonest and ultimately fu- tile” (Sexual Ethics, pp. 131-32). Apparently she believes this permits her to categorize a host of egalitarian verses enjoining the elimination of pre-revelatory inequalities in worship, marriage, divorce, and family life as conflicting with central under- lying Qur’anic themes, notably male privilege. Keywords: egalitarian; equality; god; hidayatullah; men; qur’an; verses; women; word
• Women, Islam, and Abbasid Identity: By Nadia Maria El Cheikh (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. 176 pages.) by Amin, Yasmin (2017.0) - ‘A’ishah’s controversial role – the ḥadīth al-ifk (the affair of the lie) and her involvement in the Battle of the Camel – is reformed and improved, and both Khadijah and Fatimah are ide- alized as well as compared and contrasted with pre-Islamic women. In addition, the author also notes that Islamic rules and regulations stifled many of the pre-Islamic women’s freedoms and power, thereby stressing the importance of Khadi- jah and other early Muslim women. Keywords: abbasid; cheikh; islamic; women
• Reclaiming the Mosque: The Role of Women in Islam’s House of Worship By Jasser Auda (UK/USA: Claritas Books with Maqasid Institute, 2017. 135 pages.) by Wani, Gowhar Quadir (2018.0) - If some scholars have opined (wrongly) in favour of prohibiting women from visiting mosques, based on the jurisprudential principle of sadd al-dharī‘a, the present circumstances demand recourse to the alternative principle of fatḥ al-dharī‘a, not only to ensure women's rights are fulfilled (to visit the mosque) but also to serve certain good purposes: remembering Allah, acquiring knowledge, meeting other women who frequent the mosques, public participation, etc. The preventing of women from visiting mosques is often grounded on a statement of ‘A’ishah which she made in a particular context observing mischief by some women. Keywords: islamic; mosques; women
• In Good Company: Comments by Khan, Fareeha (2018.0) - Were it not for the fact that they had sat with the Messenger of God, they would not have at- tained their otherwise unattainable spiritual and religious rank, and they would not be seen as a necessary source of religious knowledge for all Mus- lims who came after them. Darakhshan Khan’s article is a brilliant contribution because it high- lights the concrete social reasons for how such a long-standing conception of religious attainment has subtly shifted, such that the only criteria that remains for gaining religious knowledge is one’s desire to spread it. Keywords: jamā‘at; khan; tablīghī; women
• In Good Company: Comments by Sanyal, Usha (2018.0) - What unites the two halves of the essay is Khan’s interest in Tablīghī women and how they fit into this broader historical context. Rather, what Khan points to, in the second half of the essay, is the increased geographical mo- bility of Tablīghī women (not necessarily of the middle class) and the cre- ation of female networks as a result of their travel. Keywords: khan; south; tablīghī; women
• Reinstating the Queens: Reassessing the Hadith on Women’s Political Leadership by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2016.0) - In his Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭānīyah wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīnīyah, al-Mawardi (d. 1058) discusses the imamate in the sense of the caliphate (khilāfah: Islamic leadership) and lists its conditions.2 Rather surprisingly, gender is not one of them. Jamal al-Banna, Al-Mar’at al-Muslimah bayna Taḥrīr al-Qur’ān wa Taqyīd al- Fuqahā’ (Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Islamii, 1998), 81. 15. Keywords: abu; bakra; hadith; ibn; scholars; women
• Recovering the Female Voice in Islamic Scripture: Women and Silence By Georgina L. Jardim (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014. 256 pages.) by Davary, Bahar (2015.0) - Recovering the Female Voice in Islamic Scripture: Women and Silence Georgina L. Jardim Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014. The author makes good use of works by Amina Wadud, Barbara Stowasser, Asma Barlas, and other feminists who have worked on the Qur’an or on paradigms of Muslim women in the Islamic textual tra- dition. Keywords: chapter; feminist; qur’an; voice; women
• Modest Fashion: Styling Bodies, Mediating Faith By Reina Lewis, ed. (London, I.B. Tauris, 2013. 232 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2015.0) - This is not to say that the book necessarily endorses or advocates modest dress, which it most certainly does not, but only that its contributors (e.g., a journalist and a panel discussion with bloggers, designers, and entrepreneurs) study in a sociological way the different meanings behind religious dress while maintaining respect for those they study. Taste Making as Virtual Virtue: Online Modest Fashion and the Development of Women as Religious Interpreters and Intermediaries,” an analysis of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim on-line stores and style blogs by women on modest dress and what it means to them; and Emma Tarlo’s Keywords: dress; fashion; women

• The Authority of the Sunnah According to the Qur’anic Text by Cleaver, Ahmad Eldridge (2013.0) - Al-Shatibi, Al-MuwŒfaqŒt, 4:323; Al-Shinqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad, Na`ru al-Warūd ‘alŒ Murāqib al-Sa‘ūd (Beirut: 2004), 202; Lowry, Joseph E., “The Legal Hermeneutics of al-Shafiʿi and Ibn Qutayba: Al-‘Auwfiy, ‘Aoud ibn Raja‘a, Al-WilayŒt fī NikŒh, (Madinah: 2002) 1:65, Al- Busairi, Dictionary, 107, 288, 294, 362; Al-Shinqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad, Sharḥ Aād al-Mustghan‘i, transcripts of lectures by http://www. islamweibnnet, section 273; Qurtubi, MukhtŒr Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 14:187-88. Keywords: adil; bayœn; god; ibn; ibn al; ibn kathir; islamic; jawœhir al; jœmi; muhammad; mukhtœr; qurtubi; qur’an; sunnah; tabari; tafs¥r al
• Between Creed and Qur’ān: Shi’ite Views of ‘Iṣmah in Light of Qur’ān (48:1‒2) by Mohammed, Khaleel (2012.0) - (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984), vol. 2, 135, 156. 3. Muh ̣ạmmad ‘Alī al-Shawkānī, Fatḥ al-Qadīr: Al-Jāmi’ bayna fannay al-riwāyah wa’l dirāyah min ‘ilm al-Tafsīr (Beirut, Lebanon: Dār al-Fikr, 1993), vol. 1, 553. 4. He responded: ʻHe did not commit any sin, nor did he have any inkling toward sinning, but God harnessed the sins of his Shias to him and then forgave them for him (i.e. the Prophet).’”45 Representing the third stratum of commentators is Abū Ja’far Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṭusī (d. 460/1067), (also known as Shaykh al- Tā’ifah), author of al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān, one of the most studied works of Shī’ite exegesis. Keywords: god; ibid; islamic; iṣmah; muḥammad; prophet; qur’ān; shī’ite; sin; sins; verses; vol; ṭabaṭabā’ī
• Islamic Natural Law Theories: By Anver M. Emon (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. hbk. 222 pages) by Sodiq, Yushau (2011.0) - Soft Natural Law theorists, the voluntarists, critique the opinions of Hard Natural Law theorists by arguing that nature by itself cannot provide a basis for establishing obligation since nature cannot determine God’s will. Emon divides his work into five chapters: Introduction, Hard Natural Law, The Critique of Hard Natural Law, Soft Natural Law, and Conclusion. Keywords: god; law; reason
• Evil and Islamic Theodicy by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2010.0) - Earthquakes happen due to geological fault lines located all over the world,6 regardless of whether people obey God or not. For instance, how does Robertson know that God is taking revenge on the Haitians, especially with the over- whelming evidence that the country is located close to one of the earthquake fault lines and thus is poised to experience earthquakes? Keywords: earthquake; evil; god; islamic; robertson
• “Difference” in the Qur’an by Rayan, Sobhi (2009.0) - The Qur’anic Concept of Difference In the Qur’an, the concept of difference carries diverse implications. This difference between peoples seeks to achieve a human value, namely, acquaintance, which represents a supreme model for human cultural contact and is based on the frank acknowledgement of other cultures and the right of other people to develop and nurture their own culture. Keywords: acquaintance; difference; god; people; qur’an
• The Qur’an: Essential Teachings by Abdur Raheem Kidwai (Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation, 2005. 192 pages.) by Ali, Syed Asim (2008.0) - Moreover, nowhere does the Qur’an specify that God appointed humanity to be His vicegerent. The reader would, therefore, be justified in expecting another book from the pen of this prom- ising Qur’an scholar written exclusively for the questioning mind of the twenty-first century. Keywords: book; god; qur’an
• Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology By John Renard, S.J., trans. and introduced (New York: Paulist Press, 2004. 434 pages.) by Kennedy-Day, Kiki (2008.0) - It brings together a variety of thinkers, from the Egyptian Dhu’ al-Nun to the rationalist al-Ghazali to Suhrawardi, the proponent of knowledge by presence. For al-Ghazali, Renard translates book 21 of Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din. Keywords: god; knowledge
• Towards Understanding the Relation between Religions and Cultures in Southeast Asia by Fernando, Joseph I. (2007.0) - The Significance of Religion Marx wrote in the Introduction to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right: “Religion is … the imaginary realization of human being, because human being possesses no true reality; Thus the struggle against religion is indi- rectly the struggle against that world whose aroma is religion … Religion is the opium of the people. Similarly, those living in predominantly Hindu and Muslim areas would voluntarily abstain from eating beef and pork, respectively, as a mark of respect for and identity with the brethren of other religions. Keywords: asia; cultures; god; human; life; man; modernization; people; religion; southeast
• Is an Intra-Islamic Theological Ecumenism Possible? A Response to Sherman Jackson by Khalil, Atif (2005.0) - Review Essay Is an Intra-Islamic Theological Ecumenism Possible? What I intend to do in the few pages that follow is to respond briefly to some of his arguments insofar as they pertain to his ideas on intra-Islamic theologi- cal ecumenism.3 My purpose is to show that despite the ingenuity with which he tackles the issue of doctrinal and theological diversity, many of his central arguments are beset by internal contradictions and incongruencies that might otherwise evade the casual reader. Keywords: divine; god; ibn; islamic; jackson; process; revelation; theology
• A Pre-Modern Defense of the Hadiths on Sodomy: An Annotated Translation and Analysis of al-Suyuti’s Attaining the Hoped-for in Service of the Messenger (s) by Brown, Jonathan (2017.0) - A hadith in Ibn Hanbal’s Musnad refers to anal sex with one’s wife as “the lesser liwāṭ” (al-lūṭīyah al-ṣughrā), and this wording is attested 16 Meanwhile, the Indian scholar ʿAli b. ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muttaqi al-Hindi (d. 975/ 1567) built on al- Suyuti’s Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaghīr. Keywords: abi; abu; ajiss34; allāh man; b. abi; b. al; b. ʿ; beirut; dar al; final_ajiss; god; hadith; ibn; ibn al; ibn ʿ; isnād; kitāb al; laʿana; laʿana allāh; liwāṭ; lūṭ; malʿūn; malʿūn man; man; man ʿ; muhammad; prophet; qawm; sunan; suyuti; vols; wa al; ʿabd al; ʿamal; ʿamr; ʿikrimah; ṣaḥīḥ
• Tulip in the Desert: A Selection of the Poetry of Muhammad Iqbal by Mustansir Mir. (Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. 158 pages.) by Ozer, Murat (2001.0) - 192 The American Journal of Islamic S o d Sciences 18.4 In the five poems of Chapter 1, “Being Fresh with God”, Iqbal addresses or converses with God in a manner that appears to be audacious. “The Human Condition” is the title of Chapter 4, in which four poems are collected representing Iqbal’s reflections on the situation of human beings as compared to objects of nature. Keywords: chapter; god; iqbal; poem
• And God Speaks to Muhammad: By Abdul Hamid Okine. New York: Vantage Press, 1998, 212 pp. by Hunt, Sylvia J. (2000.0) - Book Reviews 103 And God Speaks to Muhammad By Abdul Hamid Okine. Communication between God and Muhammad takes various forms, depend­ ing on the circumstances: advice, warning, comfort, or explanation. Keywords: god; muhammad; prophet
• Multiplicity of Knowledge Forms: Lessons from Islamic Epistemology by Mir, Ali Raza (1999.0) - Increase me in knowledge. In the above verse from the Qur'an, God enjoins the Prophet Muhammad to literally plead for knowledge. Keywords: book; epistemology; god; islamic; knowledge; object; philosophy; presence
• The Enigma of Hallaj: Herbert W. Mason, Al-Hulluj (Surrey: Curzon Press, 1995), 106 pp. by Irfani, Suroosh (1998.0) - However, as Mason points out, far from being viewed as an ecstatic eccentric on the fringe of Islam, many Islamic traditionalists backed Hallaj in his mission “to reanimate ritual observance and share through public preaching his deeper understanding” of the relationship between Man and God. A professor of history and religion at Boston University, Mason has been conducting research on Hallaj for the past thirty years, a devotion he might have inherited from his former teacher Louis Massignon, the French scholar who started work on Hallaj’s thoughts and ideas in 1907, culminating in four volumes posthumously published in 1975 as L a p s - sion d’ul-Hulluj. Keywords: god; hallaj; islamic; mason
• Toward an Islamic Aesthetic Theory by Nasim, Omar (1998.0) - Here is a modest effort to realize a part of her dream of a philosophy of Islamic art. All this infiity extends from the Absolute a priori sources of Islamic art. Keywords: absolute; aesthetic; art; autonomy; beauty; form; god; islamic; kant; kantian; music; object; piece; reality; revelation; theory; truth
• The Asian Renaissance: By Anwar Ibrahim. Malaysia: Times Books Internalional, 1996, 159pp. by al-‘Alwani, Taha Jabir (1997.0) - In the opening chapter, Anwar argues that eternal truths guide action. He never sadiced Truth for the sake of udab and I believe Anwar endeavors to follow the ethics of prophethood in this matter. Keywords: anwar; east; god; renaissance; truth
• THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF JIHAD IN ECONOMICS by El-Ansary, Waleed (1997.0) - By denying that truth is a motivating cause in qualitative choice, neoclassical theory confines man to an ego- ism which makes it impossible for true generosity to exist. Indeed, neoclassical theory maintains that a spiritual j M is not only unnecessary but impossible. Keywords: absolute; cause; choice; economics; evil; god; good; homo; ibid; islamic; love; man; neoclassical; qualitative; schuon; theory; things; truth; utility; virtue
• Authority: Divine or Qur'anic? by al-'Alwani, Taha J. (1996.0) - Surrounding the Islamic concept of divine authority, for example, there is an entire network of related concepts. Unless these related con- cepts are understood, both on their own and within the larger context of the Islamic order itself, the concept of divine authority will remain unclear. Keywords: allah; authority; concepts; divine; god; islamic; people; power; prophet; qur’an; understanding
• In Search of a Boundless Ocean and New Skies: Human Creativity is a Matter of A‘mal, Jihad, and Ijtihad by Waghid, Yusuf (1996.0) - Hence, desirous human actions include creative human practices in the pursuit of truth, jus- tice, and creativity. In this way, I hope to establish further the link between creative human practices, truth, and justice. Keywords: actions; creativity; god; human; ijtihad; jihad; knowledge; practices; qur’an; truth
• Some Remarks on the Islamic and the Secular Paradigms of Knowledge by al Alwani, Taha J. (1995.0) - In addition, tawhid and the acceptance of the divine as a source of knowledge prevent Muslims from placing undue dependence upon the self (with its vain and overweening ten- dencies) and from seeking to hide knowledge from others. The Islamization of knowledge undertaking seeks to develop an Islamic paradigm of knowledge that will serve as an alternative to the secular positivist paradigm that presently dominates the arts and sci- ences. Keywords: god; humanity; islamic; knowledge; life; paradigm
• The Moral Context of the Prohibition of Riba in Islam Revisited by Saeed, Abdullah (1995.0) - (Cairo: D& al ICitab al 11,. (Cairo: al Maktabat al Tijmyah al Kubra, n.d.), 2: 183-81, 273-78. 63. Keywords: a.h; basis; context; debt; debtor; god; ibn; increase; islamic; needy; person; prohibition; prophet; qur’an; ribd; rihd; time; verses
• Materialist Science: The Negative Science by Bouguenaya, Yamina (1995.0) - However, the successes of science and its techno­ logical consequences have made many people, including believers in God, equate knowledge with scientific knowledge. Regardless of the use to which scientific knowledge is put, the cognitive claim is there. Keywords: cause; god; knowledge; science
• An Islamic Perspective on Organizational Motivation by Abdel Rahman, Abdel Rahman Ahmad (1995.0) - A more serious criticism is that researchers, after discovering that human factors are important ingredients of employee work motivation, sought to use them in ways designed to manipulate employees to increase their productivity. The first section provides a brief review of some principal models of organizational motivation, the second section presents the alternative Islamic perspective, the third section examines the rela­ tionship between this perspective and the Islamic concept of leadership, and the final section discusses this view's implications for some organiza­ tional structures and practices. Keywords: behaviors; employee; god; islamic; leader; leadership; motivation; nature; needs; organization; relationship; self; values; work
• The Neglected Sunnah: Sunnat Allah (The Sunnah of God) by Gwynne, Rosalind W. (1993.0) - Ham-d Alllh, M. Majmi‘at a1 Wathd’iq a1 SiydsQah. A1 Sunnah wa Makcrnatuha fi a1 Tashn- a1 Ishimi; a1 Suyiiti. Keywords: god; ibn; imam; nations; prophet; sunnah; sunnut; verse; word
• Faith and Morality: The Islamic View by Khaliq, Abdul (1992.0) - Faith, on the other hand, is always faith in some being or reality, and that is not translatable into any faith that statement. If we seek to further compare belief and faith as modes of knowledge, we may profitably refer to the distinction made by Bertrand Russell between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by descri~tion.~ Keywords: belief; faith; god; individual; knowledge
• A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the Awliyā’ in the Shi‘i and Sufi Traditions by Masterton, Rebecca (2015.0) - It is not for the Imam to withold it from him who is after him.29 Sunni mystic al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d. 900) makes an almost identical statement, but in reference to the proto-Sufis of his time: “Like nubuwwa (prophethood), [walāyah] is a covenant (‘aqd) with God [...] Looking at these and other silsilahs, other such famous names follow on from al-Basri, among them Dawud al-Ta‘i, Sari al-Saqati, Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi, and al-Junayd al-Baghdadi. Keywords: abu; ali; authority; awliyā; god; ibid; ibn; imam; islamic; muhammad; order; quṭb; sadiq; shi‘i; sufi; sunni; tabataba’i; tirmidhi; tradition; walāyah; walī
• Derrida’s Shadow in the Light of Islamic Studies: An Analysis of Binary Relations in the Qur’an by Shafieyan, Mahdi (2015.0) - Derrida’s Shadow in the Light of Islamic Studies: An Analysis of Binary Relations in the Qur’an Mahdi Shafieyan Abstract Jacques Derrida believed that metaphysics in the West has in- volved installing hierarchies, orders, and binaries in which one party enjoys the presence of a feature that the other party wants. Clearly Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), as this no- tion’s advocate, is the major thinker in my postmodernist discussion, despite some references to other sources. Keywords: ajiss32; binaries; binary; derrida; difference; god; islamic; opposition; page; qur’an; trans; words; writing
• Ethics In Islam: Haryana, India, Dhu Al Hijjah 15-16, 1409/ July 30-31, 1988 by Danish, Iqbal (1989.0) - Prophets live for moral values and make sacrifices for the establishment of a moral order in society. Islam has given us moral values, not an organized ethical system. Keywords: ethical; ethics; god; islamic; man; morality; prof
• ISLAMIC ETHICS: CONCEPT AND PROSPECT by Ansari, Abdul Haq (1989.0) - principles of jurisprudence (usu/ al fiqh), principles of government and ad­ ministration (al a!Jkiim al sul(finiyah), and public revenue and expenditure (al khara;), also touch upon ideas that are part of, or relevant to, Islamic ethics. 22Abii al Hasan 1\li b. Mul}ammad al Mawardi's work al A~1kam al S11l{imiyah has been published many times. Keywords: ethics; god; good; islamic; justice; knowledge; life; man; moral; vol
• The Transformation of a Historic Tradition: From Khabar to Ta’rikh by al Tayob, Abdulkader I. (1988.0) - 40 s7Even though the earliest extent biography of the Prophet, that of Muhammad b. Ishaq, is known simply as al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Khallikan mentions that the book was first called al-Maghiizi wa 7-siyar. Shawqi Dayf, al-Fann wa maa5ihibUh f i al-nathr al-Wmbi (Cairo: Dar al-Ma‘arif, 1965), pp. Keywords: early; event; form; god; historiography; history; interest; islamic; life; meaning; muhammad; new; past; prophet; tribal
• Agents of Grace: Ethical Agency between Ghazālī and the Anthropology of Islam by Mian, Ali Altaf (2022.0) - As I demonstrate below, for Ghazālī human actions are shaped not only by knowledge and resolution (what Asad calls will) but are also contingent on bodily capacities and the grace of God. I A N Abstract This article contributes to theorizations of ethical agency in the anthropology of Islam by turning to the medieval moral theolo- gian Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (1058-1111). Keywords: action; agency; asad; e r; ethical; ghazālī; god; grace; intention; knowledge; mahmood; niyya; r n; tradition
• Defending Muhammad in Modernity (by SherAli Tareen) by Ahmad, Junaid S. (2021.0) - This debate mainly revolved around three main themes including Prophetic intercession (sha- fa’at), the capacity of God to lie (imkan-i-kizb), and the creation of another Prophet after the last Prophet Muhammad (imkan-i- inzir). The book not only provides the context which gave rise to these debates, but also gives insight into overarching themes of modern Islam, the Prophet’s legacy in present times, political the- ology in South Asia, religion and colonialism, and debates within Muslim normative orientations. Keywords: god; prophet
• Qur’anic Stories: God, Revelation and the Audience (by Leyla Ozgur Alhassen) by Lawrence, Bruce (2022.0) - “Merging Words and Making Connections in Surat Taha”, like its sequel, Chapter Five, “Surat al-Qasas and its Audience,” foregrounds God “as an omniscient and reliable narrator 150  It is not clear that the muqaṭṭa`āt have the same explanatory power in other surahs, those that unfold Qur’anic stories about Mary and Moses in Chapters 3, 5, and 6. Keywords: god; qur’an
• Beyond Maṣlaḥah: Adab and Islamic Economic Thought by Al Daghistani, Sami (2023.0) - Moreover, in Kitāb al-Waṣāyā al-Naṣāʾiḥ al-Dīniyya,70 al-Muḥāsibī examines the impact deeds have on the soul and the so-called Islamic psychology (ʿilm al-nafs al-islāmī), paying a considerate attention to wealth. Michael Bonner, “The Kitab al-Kasb attributed to al-Shaybani,” 418. 67 See Adi Setia, Kitāb al-Makāsib (The Book of Earnings) by al-Hārith al-Muḥāsibī (751-857 C.E.) Keywords: adab; adab al; behavior; ghazālī; god; human; ibn; islamic; iḥyā; kasb; law; maṣlaḥah; n d; scholars; self; thought; vol; wealth; zuhd
• Before Maqāṣid: Uncovering the Vision of Contested Benefits (maṣāliḥ) in the Classical Shafiʿi School by Soufi, Youcef L (2022.0) - Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi (d. 450/1058), al-Tabari’s contem- porary, writes in al-Ḥāwī al-kabīr that were a person prohibited from praying on a mount it would lead to one of two unfavorable outcomes: either an abandonment of prayer, which would negatively affect their devotion to God, or an abandonment of their travel, which would impact their worldly prosperity.67 Similarly, al-Shirazi, who was al-Tabari’s star student, states that the function of the permission to pray away from the qibla is to permit people to travel (lā yanqati‘ al-nās ‘an al-sayr).68 Later, al-Shirazi notes that the dispensation also allows people to fulfill righteous deeds (ḥattā lā yanqaṭi‘ ‘an al-ṣalat fī al-safar). 65 Abu al-Tayyib al-Tabari, al-Ta‘liqa al-Kubra fī al-Furū‘: Min Bāb mā Yufsid al-Mā’ Keywords: abu; benefit; f o; fiqh; god; guardianship; human; islamic; jurists; juwayni; law; maqāṣid; marriage; o r; shafi‘i; shirazi; theory; uṣūl
• The Genesis and Development of the Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān by Islam, Tazu (2013.0) - Muhammad Husain al-Dhahabi, Al-Waḥy wa al-Qur’ān al-Karīm (Cairo: Mak- tab Wahbah, 1986), 39. Nancy Roberts (Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2006), xxii; Ibn Ashur, Maqāṣid al- Sharī‘ah (Tunis: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah, 1946), 50. 32. Keywords: ashur; exegesis; ghazali; god; ibn; islamic; maqāṣid al; muhammad; qur’an; qur’anic; qur’ān; scholars; sciences; tafsīr; understanding
• Critiquing the Modern Western Theory of Knowledge and Insights into a Qur’anic Epistemology by Chak, Farhan Mujahid (2012.0) - While acknowledging their fallibility, they still seek true knowledge without commenting on whether such knowledge exists because only human beings are capable of the kinds of cognition required to build an airplane … to write Hamlet or com- pose a symphony … how is it that we are able to engage in such sophisti- cated thought and arrive at the capacious knowledge that we use to direct both our everyday activities and our momentous achievements like flying to the moon?25 This perplexing paradox, along with being non-committal as to whether knowl- edge is possible leads, at best, to the attainment of knowledge being plausible. To put this in perspective, the development of the modern western theory of knowledge is, principally, the unseemly consequence of the eighteenth- century Age of Enlightenment, in which the quest to achieve true knowledge replaced God with science.5 This new deity also had a sole offspring: the 2 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29:4 ajiss294_ajiss 8/14/2012 12:42 PM Keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; belief; certainty; epistemology; god; human; islamic; knowing; knowledge; qur’an; theory; truth
• The “Metaphysical Monster” and Muslim Theology: William James, Sherman Jackson, and the Problem of Black Suffering by Houston, Sam (2023.0) - While pragmatic conceptions of God that highlight the inextricable nature of thought and praxis are a well-documented characteristic of Black theologies in the Christian tradition that confront the challenges of Black theodicy, little has been done to explore examples of this in Blackamerican forms of Islam.4 This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining Jackson’s account of classical Islamic theology, and especially the tradition’s doctrines of God, in light of the pragmatism of William James. Thirdly, I will explore some of the issues raised by Jackson’s analysis of Jones’ reliance on “experience” in his book, Is God a White Racist?, a critique that can also be applied to James’ uncritical use of “experience” in the process of verification. Keywords: e o; e r; god; h e; ibid; jackson; james; m e; r n; s t; t e; t h
• Role of Context and Objectives of the Surah in Shaping the Episodes of the Qur’ānic Narrative: The Narrative of Lot as an Example by Abdullah, Abdul-Samad (2011.0) - It is clear that the attitude of such people toward Lot is compatible with that of other people toward their prophets. More- over, God used them as an example for other people (Qur’ān 54:33‒40). Keywords: almighty; angels; context; disbelievers; episode; god; lot; messengers; narrative; objectives; people; prophet; qur’ān; surah; surat al; torment
• Human Behavior from an Islamic Perspective: Interaction of Nature, Nurture, and the Spiritual Dimension by Abdullah, Fatimah (2011.0) - In Islam, persons who are able to control themselves from their lust will obtain the higher level of spiritual achievement (al-nafs al-mutma’innah). These blessed psychospiritual gifts can only be attained through true submission in which Muslims continue to use the intellectual powers of their rational soul to domesticate and dominate their animalistic powers until they attain the elevated status of the tranquil soul (al-nafs al-muÏma’innah) Qur’an (89:27–30).27 Islam teaches that the body also possesses an importance and a benefi- cial role in relation to the spirit. Keywords: allah; behavior; fitrah; ghazali; god; hadith; heart; human; islamic; nature; people; personality; prophet; soul
• ajiss-366 by None (None) - We will start with the question of whether Islam confers any intrinsic value on non-human beings by referring to John O’Neill’s influential typology6 of the different meanings of intrinsic value (IV). In the literature on environmentalist ethics there is definitely a growing discourse on consumerism (and even capitalism) and its relation to the environmental disaster; however, this discourse is fixated more on the social and institutional levels rather than on the personal and ethical levels.49 Islamic ethics, on the other hand, places tremendous emphasis on avoiding another kind of anthropocentrism: that which makes human desires and their fulfillment the center of ethical and social life. Keywords: beings; desire; environmental; ethics; god; human; islamic; iv2; morality; non; page; pdf; rights; trial; value; version
• ajiss-367 by None (None) - Abd al-Razzaq al-Mahdi, 2d printing (Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 2002), 6:317; Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, Ahkam al-Qur’an, ed. Imad al-Din Ahmad Haydar, 3d printing (Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah, 1993), 346. 16. Keywords: actions; evolution; existential; god; ibn; islamic; legislative; reproductive; scholars; theory
• ajiss-372 by None (None) - Husayn ibn Fayd Allah al-Hamdani, with Hasan Sulayman Mahmud al- Juhani, Al-Sulayhiyun wa al-Harakah al-Fatimiyah fi al-Yaman (Yemen: See also Ahmad al-Sharji, Tabaqat al-Khawass: Ahl al-Sidq wa al-Ikhlas (San`a: al-Dar al-Yamaniyyah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi`, 1986) 109-14. Keywords: abd; abu; asceticism; century; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; man; movement; pdf; sufi; sufism; trial; version; yemen
• ajiss-373 by None (None) - Muhammad `Abd al-Rahman al-Shayi’, Al-Furuq al-Lughawiyah wa Athar- uha fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim (Riyadh: Maktabat al-`Ubaykan, 1993), 177. 80. The majority of exegetes subscribe to the opinion that it does not79 because each and every word has its particular meaning, which is precisely accorded to it.80 In his Furuq al- Lughawiyah wa Atharuha fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim, al-Shayi’ lists those scholars who contend that there are no synonyms, including al-Tabari, al- PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Raghib al-Isfahani, and al-Zamakhshari (d.1144). Keywords: allah; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; islamic; messengers; pdf; people; prophethood; prophets; qur’an; qur’anic; scholars; trial; version
• ajiss-375 by None (None) - The purpose here is to develop an overview of the Qur’anic attitude toward other religions. In the process of developing this overview, hints will be given about similar positions in other religions, particularly Judaism and Christianity. Keywords: beliefs; diversity; faith; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; people; qur’an; religions; ultimate
• ajiss-387 by None (None) - The book was translated into Arabic by `Isa `Ali al-`Akub as Bayna Allah wa al-Insan fi al-Qur’an: The book was translated into Arabic by `Isa `Ali al-`Akub as Al-Mafhumat al-Akhlaqiyah-al-Diniyah fi al-Qur’an (Halab, Syria: Keywords: concepts; god; islamic; izutsu; language; meaning; qur’an; qur’anic; reality; semantics; trial; version; weltanschauung; word
• ajiss-394 by None (None) - But such Ithna `Ashari scholars of hadith and Qur’anic exe- gesis as `Abd Allah ibn Ja`far al-Himyari al-Qummi41 and Muhammad ibn Mas`ud ibn Muhammad ibn `Ayyash al-Sulami al-Samarqandi (d. 320/932)42 retained the tradition of quoting such reports in their books. The third group rejects the entire concept of bada, saying that it is unthinkable for God to do such a thing.48 The Mu`tazili theologian Abu al-Husayn al-Khayyat (d. 300/912) Keywords: abu; ali; bada; change; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; imamate; isma`il; ithna; ja`far; mind; muhammad; reports; shi`ah; shi`i
• ajiss-407 by None (None) - Thus, to speak about death and life after death as presented in an old text, a pre-modern text – and here it is the Qur’an that I would like to exam- ine – is to try and imagine a world in which the reality of death was the only certitude and the only predictable element in human life. But the arguments conducted around the topic of death function well, because they rest on the shared assumption of Muhammad and the pagans that death renders human life incomplete and so is a problem in human exis- tence. Keywords: day; death; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; human; humanity; life; qur’an
• ajiss-409 by None (None) - For more details, see Mohammad al-Tahir ibn `Ashur, Tafs¥r al-Taúr¥r wa al- Tanw¥r (Tunisia: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah li al-Nashr, n.d.), 11:198. Mahmun ibn `Umar al-Zamakhshari, Al-KashshŒf `an îaqŒ’iq GhawŒmid al- Tanz¥l wa `Uy´n al-AqŒwil f¥ Wuj´h al-Ta’w¥l (Beirut: Dar al-Ma`rifah, n.d.), 2:89 and Muhammad `Abduh, Tafs¥r al-ManŒr (Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyyal al-`Ammah li al-Kitab, 1972), 8:47. 23. Keywords: god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; message; messengers; muhammad; noah; people; story; s´rah; unbelievers; warning
• ajiss-417 by None (None) - Bashir Idris Jum’ah, Al-Ra’y wa Atharuh fi al-Fiqh al-Islami (Cairo: n.d.), 24. 26. For more information, see Bashir Idris Jum`ah, Al-Ra’y wa Asaruh fi al-Fiqh al-Islami, 16-18. Keywords: abu; companions; god; ibn; ibn al; ijtihad; islamic; istihsan; law; nass; prophet; qiyas; qur’an; ra’y; ruling; shari`ah
• ajiss-419 by None (None) - In fact, many Islamic works of a general nature have dealt with various aspects of the Islamic worldview, which, if integrated and well organized, could form the initial framework for constructing a separate field of research on worldview studies. In fact, many works do not even contain a spe- cific reference to Islamic worldview or its conceptual development and applications; however, several works do cover the main topics falling under that term. Keywords: concept; development; existence; framework; god; history; humanity; islamic; islamic worldview; knowledge; life; qur’an; studies; worldview; worldview studies
• ajiss-434 by None (None) - Luxury crafts Mohamed: The Islamic Philosophy of Labor and Crafts 43 44 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 are found in cities with a developed culture, such as cooking, biscuit baking, and the weaving of brocade.50 Like Isfahani, inspiration from God also determines sustenance, but labor is essential for profit.51 Some crafts are associated with other crafts: for example, carpentry and weaving are connected to wood and yarn. Ibn Khaldun places such crafts as singing and calligraphy in the “noble” category. Keywords: crafts; god; ibid; ibn; ikhwan; isfahani; islamic; khaldun; labor; people; soul; wealth; work
• ajiss-448 by None (None) - This agrees with what advocates of liberal education claim about religious edu- Bagheri and Khosravi: The Islamic Concept of Education 93 cation (including Islamic education) in general. This kind of discrepancy appears in the realm of Islamic education as well. Keywords: concept; education; god; halstead; indoctrination; islamic; knowledge; lord; qur’an
• ajiss-454 by None (None) - Muhammad Rashid Rida, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Hakim al-Musamma Tafsir al- Manar (Cairo: al-Hay’at al-Misriyah al-`Ammah, 1972), 6:59. Dar al-Ma`rifah, 1980), 12:352; Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Raghib, Al- Mufradat fi Gharib al-Qur’an (Beirut: Dar al Ma`rifa, 1961), 516. 43. Keywords: beings; channel; communication; divine; god; ibn; interaction; message; messenger; models; moses; qur’an; source; veil
• ajiss-461 by None (None) - This necessitates a distinction between how analytical philosophers think about “fuzzy logic” and how a mystic like Ibn `Arabi holds an insight into vagueness to be a necessary feature of the states and stations along the Sufi path of knowledge. Ibn `Arabi was reluctant to ulti- mately reduce the statement to either of the two possibilities, because the ref- erential uncertainty creates a more authentic linguistic analogue of the cos- mological situation as he understands and experiences it. Keywords: apophatic; arabi; barzakh; chittick; discourse; divine; god; ibn; language; sells; sufi; transcendence; vagueness
• ajiss-514 by None (None) - However, as the Roman Catholic presence in private Christian schools shrinks and as mainline Protestant churches continue to be unin- volved, the emergence of private “religious right” Christian schools has become ever more prevalent. Generally speaking, these were Sunday school, vacation Bible school pro- grams, Christian youth groups, catechism, private Christian schools, Youth Sundays, and children’s sermons. Keywords: bible; children; christian; church; churches; education; god; history; instruction; jesus; public; school; states; sunday; united; youth
• Islamic Constitutionalism Before Sovereignty: Two Defenses of the Tunisian Constitution of 1861 by March, Andrew (2020.0) - Khayr al-Dīn al-Tūnisī, Aqwam al-masālik fī maʿrifat ah ̣wāl al-mamālik (Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī, 2012), 6. Khayr al-Dīn al-Tūnisī, Aqwam al-masālik, 4. 53. Keywords: authority; bin; bin ḍiyāf; constitution; dīn; god; ibid; islamic; justice; khayr al; law; laws; ottoman; pact; people; power; ruler; scholars; sharīʿa; sovereignty; state; thought; ḍiyāf
• Modern Muslim Theology: Engaging God and the World with Faith and Imagination (by Martin Nguyen) by Sheikh, Faraz (2019.0) - Nguyen ardently desires modern Muslim theology to be just and 91 ethical. Some discussion of how modern Muslim theology might grapple with epistemological questions would have helped the present reader. Keywords: faith; god; nguyen; theology
• An Anchor and a Vehicle: A Muslim’s Reflection on His Faith by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2017.0) - Faith of the Heart The central features of the Islamic faith (īmān) are belief, with the heart, in the existence and oneness of Almighty God as the sole creator of the universe; confidence, in one’s mind, in God’s omnipotence; and sincere reliance, with one’s whole self, on God’s mercy and lordship in managing all that exists. Although in Islam belief is all about God, other theological components play indispensable roles, among them belief in the existence of angels and their roles; belief in each and every messenger and prophet of God; belief in the truth of His books and scriptures; belief in the Day of Judgment; and belief in His decree (predestination), whether good or bad. Keywords: belief; confidence; faith; god; life; worship
• Lexical Choice and Rhetorical Expression: Comments By Peter Feldmeier by Feldmeier, Peter (2018.0) - It is perhaps this very attitude that gets reflected in Catholicism’s mod- ern view of Islam, which is noted in the Second Vatican Council’s (1962- 65) crucial documents on the church and on non-Christian religions: “But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place amongst whom are the Muslims: these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind’s judge on the last day” (Lumen Gentium #16); “The Church has also a high regard for Muslims. Shore notes that “the very act of translating (rather than merely destroying or ignoring) the Qur’ān implies another truth common to Jesuit culture: that Jesuits should ‘seek God our Lord in all things.’” Keywords: god; lomellini; shore
• Books and Written Culture of the Islamic World: Studies Presented to Claude Gilliot on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday By Andrew Rippin and Roberto Tottoli, eds. (Leiden: Brill, 2015. 398 pages.) by Graham, William A. (2016.0) - Walid Saleh presents a brief but ramifying discussion of a gloss by Ibn al-Munayyir (d. 1284) on Za- makhshari’s Kashshāf as studied by the contemporary Saudi scholar al- Ghamidi. The “Genres” section closes with Denis Gril’s treatment of Ibn Abi l-Isba’ al-Misri’s (d. 1256) treatise on the “openings,” or first parts, of the Qur’anic sūrahs (al-fawātiḥ). Keywords: god; qur’an; studies; word
• Lexical Choice and Rhetorical Expression in Ignazio Lomellini’s 1622 Translation of and Commentary on the Qur’an by Shore, PAUL JOHN (2018.0) - It is perhaps this very attitude that gets reflected in Catholicism’s mod- ern view of Islam, which is noted in the Second Vatican Council’s (1962- 65) crucial documents on the church and on non-Christian religions: “But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place amongst whom are the Muslims: these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind’s judge on the last day” (Lumen Gentium #16); “The Church has also a high regard for Muslims. Shore notes that “the very act of translating (rather than merely destroying or ignoring) the Qur’ān implies another truth common to Jesuit culture: that Jesuits should ‘seek God our Lord in all things.’” Keywords: god; lomellini; shore

• City of Knowledge in Twentieth Century Iran: Shiraz, history, and Poetry By Setrag Manoukian (New York: Routledge, 2012. 272 pages.) by Ebrahimian, Mojtaba (2014.0) - In chapter 3, “Editing culture,” Manoukian contemplates the “production of knowledge” in contemporary Shiraz by focusing on “editing.” In conclusion, the book is an outstanding application of critical theory to ethnographic investigation and offers a fresh perspective on Iran’s sociocultural and political history from the viewpoint of Shiraz. Keywords: city; history; knowledge; shiraz
• Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Volume 4: Economics, Education, Mobility and Space by Suad Joseph, general editor (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007. 587 pages.) by Rippin, Andrew (2009.0) - Within each volume, though, entries are organized alphabetically. 26-1-stripped-obay.qxd Book Reviews Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Volume 4: Economics, Education, Mobility and Space Suad Joseph, general editor Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007. Keywords: encyclopedia; knowledge
• Knowledge Triumphant: The Concept of Knowledge in Medieval Islam by Franz Rosenthal (Leiden: Brill, 2007. 355 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2008.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:4 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk As befits a social and intellectual historian, Rosenthal’s survey com- mences with the philology of the word knowledge (`ilm) and works through instances in early Islam and Arabic poetry before moving on to chapters on definition, theology, Sufism, philosophy, and finally concluding with a chap- ter on the social contexts and uses of knowledge. Chapter 4 ushers in a shift to philosophy by examining defi- nitions of knowledge. Keywords: chapter; knowledge
• Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy, and Mysticism in Muslim Thought. Essays in Honour of Hermann Landolt by Todd Lawson, ed. (London and New York: I.B. Taurus Publishers, in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2005. 558 pages.) by Rippin, Andrew (2006.0) - The “classical” section features such figures as al-Junayd, al-Farabi, Ibn Tufayl, al-Qadi al-Nu`man, al-Kirmani, Abu Hatim al-Razi, and al-Waqidi; the “medieval” takes in al-Ghazzali, al-Suhrawardi, al-Qushayri, al-Shahras- tani, Afdal al-Din Kashani, Jami’, Najm al-Din Kubra, Ibn Sina, and al- Sha`rani; the “pre-modern” includes Shah Tahir, Ahmad Sirhindi, Molla Sadra, and Fayd al-Kashani; and the “modern” section features not so much people as themes, such as dervish orders, Ginans, ulama, tradition, and mod- ernization. Within this new understanding, the Imams’ status became protected by the doctrine of infal- libility (`ismah) rather than esoteric knowledge, and quietism was no longer considered a suspect attitude. Keywords: knowledge; taqiyya
• Mulla Sadra, The Elixir of the Gnostics: A Parallel English-Arabic Text by William Chittick, trans. (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2003. 192 pages.) by Khalil, Atif (2004.0) - Mulla Sadra, The Elixir of the Gnostics: A Parallel English-Arabic Text William Chittick, trans. The Elixir is a unique work of Sadra’s in that it is, as Chittick notes in the introduction, something of a translation of Kashani’s (d. 1213-14) Persian Jawidan-nama (Book of the Everlasting). Keywords: elixir; knowledge; sadra
• Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples by Linda Tuhiwai Smith (London, UK: Zed Books Ltd/University of Otago Press, 1999. 208 pages.) by Haneef, Mohamed Aslam (2003.0) - However, this worldview is able to include the Muslim world's pluralist nature and deal with non-Muslim research and researchers. Thus, there is something for Muslim scholars to learn in the attempts of others to address western disciplines of knowledge. Keywords: knowledge
• Islam and Epistemology by Khan, M.A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - Indeed, the book was used as 8 launching pad for discussions on issues related to epistemology, Islamic sciences, Islamic philosophy, the tensions between reason and nxelation, and the differences between the legalistic approach and the philosophical approach. Over 35 students of Islamic philosophy came to the seminar from Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, New Yo& and California. Keywords: epistemology; islamic; knowledge; philosophy
• Self and Knowledge by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - Many Muslim thinkers reject the proposition that knowledge about things in this world can be produced through reason and/or empirical observations alone and seek a missing Islamic ingredient that would interact with observed data and reason to produce Islamic knowledge whose veracity would be beyond doubt. I propose to elucidate this relationship and its implications by making a fundamental distinction between self and identity, and showing how there can be many identities but only one self. Keywords: identities; identity; islamic; knowledge; self
• Human Motivation: An Islamic Perspective by Alawneh, Shafiq F. (1998.0) - Free will and knowledge are important components of human motivation. Iman (faith), the paper insists, is the most basic of human motivations. Keywords: allah; behavior; holy; human; individual; islamic; knowledge; motivation; needs; people; psychology; punishment; qur’an; reward
• Reclaiming the Tradition: An Essay on the Condition of the Possibility of Islamic Knowledge by Kazami, Yedullah (1998.0) - Islamic knowledge (‘ilm), on the other hand, is concerned both with the knower and the object of knowledge. The condition for the possibility of Islamic knowledge is the reclamation of Islamic tradition. Keywords: event; history; islamic; knowledge; past; phenomenon; present; tradition
• Islamic Education Reform: Top Priority in Intellectual Islamic Work by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid (1998.0) - Placing rarbiyah as a top priority in our present and future efforts does not mean that IIJT, AMSS, and other institutions must give up their plans for the Islamization of Knowledge program; on the contrary, far from being an alternative, it is an effort to emphasize one of the important areas of Islamic intellectual work, which should enliven our ideas, triangulate our views, and push our experiences forward. Other forms of intellectual reform can be seen in the works of Al-Ghazali in Ihya’ ‘Ulkn al-Din and Tahafat al- Falsifah, and in Ibn Rushd’s response, Tahafat al-Tahafat. Keywords: islamic; knowledge; reform
• ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: THE JOURNEY SO FAR by Galadanci, Bashir S. (1997.0) - Indeed, many scholars argue that at this stage of the development of the Islamization of knowledge concept, it is healthy to have a lot of debate on what it is exactly and what it is not, on its scope and on the best approach to follow. Galadanci: lslamization of Knowledge Seminar: The Journey 271 ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: THE JOURNEY SO FAR Bashir S. Galadanci Allah, the Most High, clearly gives the mantle of leadership to Muslims when He categorically states in the Holy Qur'an: Keywords: islamic; islamization; knowledge; sciences
• ONE-DAY SEMINAR ON ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE by Shehu, Salisu (1997.0) - It has been observed that, although a number of departments in the university offer Islamically oriented courses and several papers had been presented in some departmental and even some international semi- nars, many academic staff still do not have a proper understanding of the idea behind the Islamization of knowledge. He also discussed the historical factors that motivated the Islamization of knowledge exercise, that is, the existence of two parallel and conflicting systems of education-Qur'anic and secular-in the Muslim world (a byproduct of colonialism). Keywords: islamization; knowledge
• CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL DIMENSIONS OF ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS PROGRAM AT THE IIUM By Mohamed Aslam Mohamed Haneef & Ruzita Muhammad Amin by Haneef, Mohamed Aslam Mohamed; Amin, Ruzita Mohammad (1997.0) - If this phenomenon reflects the dichotomy between Islamic and conventional courses, which is the very element that the Islamization of knowledge tries to reconcile, then even with the increase in the number of Islamic courses over the years, the program has actually regressed to a certain extent in terms of the inte- gration process. I 3 ECON 3551 Usul Fiqh I1 3 ECON 4010 History of Islamic Economic Thought 3 ECON 4610 Issues in Islamic Economics 3 Total 21 Note: * Economics 1 was an introductory course on Islamic economics. Keywords: cfk; courses; economics; education; iium; irkh; islamic; islamization; knowledge; malaysia; program; students; university
• WORKSHOP REPORT ON THE ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE by Moten, Abdul Rashid (1997.0) - Reports on Workshops, Conferences and Seminars WORKSHOP REPORT ON THE ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE Abdul Rashid Moten The workshop on the Islamization of knowledge, organized by the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, was held at Regency Hotel, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, from June 7-11, 1996. Workshops and seminars of this sort usually revolve around the nature, characteristics, and rationale for the Islamization of knowledge. Keywords: islamization; knowledge; participants; workshop
• THE ROLE OF SUBJECT (MUJTAHID) IN AL-SHAFI'I'S METHODOLOGY: HERMENEUTIC APPROACH by Pacaci, Mehmet (1997.0) - See al- Amidi, al-lhkamfi Usul al-Ahkam, vol. 111, pp. See al-Amidi, al-lhkamfi Usul al-Ahkam, vol. Keywords: case; din; fiqh; imam; islamic; judgments; knowledge; methodology; reasoning; shafi‘i; subject; usul; usul al
• The Short Vowels in Islamic Texts by Francisse, Anne Eudoxie (1996.0) - Francisse: The Short Vowels in Arabic Islamic Texts Every period of Arab history has had its own peculiar vocabulary which should be set forth in a separate dictionary . . . . Francisse: The Short Vowels in Arabic Islamic Texts 597 Keywords: arabic; c.e; century; islamic; knowledge; language; qur’an; read; reading; scribe; second; texts; vowels
• The Islamization of Social Sciences in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects by Mikailu, S. A. (1995.0) - Islamization of Social Sciences: The Journey So Far The most significant effort in the Islamization of the social sciences in Nigeria is traceable to the year 1985, when the country convened its first international seminar on Islamic economics, which was organized by the Department of Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The department of economics offers courses on various fields of Islamic economics, such as Islamic banking, development in an Islamic framework, Islamic wel- farism, and the economics of production, distribution, and consumption in Islam. Keywords: economics; islamic; islamization; knowledge; nigeria; sciences; university
• Shari'ah Sciences at the Universities: Reality and Prospective 16-19 Rabi' al Awwal 1415/23-26 August 1994 Amman, Jordan by Jordan Office, IIIT - (1994.0) - The papers covered five themes: a) the origin and development of &e Shari'ah sciences, 4xeir rdationship to the Arabii language and the human and social sciences, and their treatment methodology; b) the educational plans and programs of the Shari'ah sciences institutions at v&ous levels; c) the curricula of the Shari'ah sciences at h e univer- sities along with their various components: objectives, contents, methods of teaching and evaluation, and textbooks; d) the recruit- ment criteria of students and teachers in the higher education institu- tions of the Shari'ah sciences; and e) the relation of the Shari'ah sciences institutions with the society and other institutions. Amman, Jordan 605 Interest in the development of Shari'ah sciences at the universities has emerged in the context of efforts to reconstruct the cultural and intellectual paradigms of the Islamic umrnah and affirm its role in directing and guiding the procession of hwnan culture. Keywords: development; islamic; knowledge; sciences; shari'ah
• Islamic Science: The Making of a Formal Intellectual Discipline by Husain, Sirajul (1993.0) - Science admits and thrives on purely abstract notions (i.e., entropy and infinity), in the absence of which the entire edifice of science would collapse instantly. The need to develop Islamic science also arises from the fact that most modem scientists are known to be secular, as they have consciously evaded the issue of the existence of a Creator. Keywords: concept; creator; field; islamic; knowledge; modem; science; sense
• A Model-based Semantic Network for Smart Representation and the Inference of Islamic Law by Mabrouk, Ahmed (2017.0) - Mustafa al-Khun, Athar al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Qawā‘id al-Uṣūlīyah fī Ikhtilāf al- Fuqahā’ (Beirut: Mu’assassat al-Risalah, 1989). A relationship between two nodes is mapped into a concept taken from uṣūl al-fiqh. Keywords: acts; base; case; cells; elements; engine; example; fiqh; intelligence; islamic; knowledge; model; network; representation; rules; rulings; semantic; system; worship
• The Problem of Bias: An Epistemological Approach and Call for Ijtihad 15-17 Sha'ban 1412 / 19-21 February 1992 Cairo, Egypt by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1993.0) - Thus the West's claim to universality amounts to little more than an attempt to wast the entire world in its own image by immersing it in Western culture and civilization, pouring them into the hearts and minds of all people by every means possible. Even though it is inconceivable that these efforts will lead anywhere, given the exclusionistic nature of Western culture itself, it is essential that the Is- lamic consciousness be directed towards the need to reconsider it and its epistemological values. Keywords: culture; knowledge; west
• Conference on Knowledge across Cultures: Universities East and West 9 -12 Rabi' al Akhir 1413 / 7-10 October 1992 Toronto, Canada by Al-A'ali, Ebtihaj (1993.0) - Knowledge based on these views is partial and thus does not con- ceive of human knowledge as based on complementary underpinnings. Though Abdul Rahman explained the need to view human knowledge on a holistic and complementary 132 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 10:1 basis, the conference concluded without illustrating an attempt to put the papers into one stream of knowledge: human knowledge. Keywords: cultures; knowledge
• Taqlid and Ijtihad by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1992.0) - ”l* ~ ’This was related by al Abii Bakr al Bayhaqi. See Ibn al Qayyim, I’km a1 Muwaqqifn. Keywords: ibn; ijtihad; knowledge; opinion; scholars; taqlid; teacher
• Islamization of Knowledge: A Methodology By 'Imad al Din Khalil. Herndon, VA & London, UK: IIIT, 1991, 28 pp., Occasional Papers Series. by Choudhury, Masudul Alam (1992.0) - This well-written book comprehensively outlines the basic precepts on which a concept and a program of Islamization of knowledge must, according to the author, rest. In his attempt to outline these directions, the author first defines the concept of Islamization as ... practising (i.e., discovering, com- piling, piecing together, communicating and publishing) intellectual activity based on the Islamic concept of the universe (p. 5). Keywords: author; book; concept; islamization; khalil; knowledge; process; sciences
• A Qur’anic Methodology for Integrating Knowledge and Education: Implications for Malaysia’s Islamic Education Strategy by Baba, Sidek Bin; Salleh, Mohamad Johdi; Zayed, Tareq M; Harris, Ridwan (2015.0) - Even the country’s Ministry of Higher Education is inter- ested in what is going on in the name of Islamic integrated education, which is one outcome of the ongoing integration and Islamization project.3 The ultimate goal of this governmental project is to (1) integrate and re- construct knowledge and education and (2) change the worldview of their learners and teachers.4 The National Education Philosophy (NEP), written in 1988 and revised in 1996, was founded to implement the philosophy of Is- lamization by, for example, enshrining the vision of education held by the ministry and the government in order to provide a holistic learning environ- ment in which all students can develop their intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and physical potentials. This statement led us to state our position that Islamic integrated education is “teacher-centered” and always true, because this formula is conceptualized from selected Qur’anic verses. Keywords: ajiss32; albab; education; integration; islamic; islamization; knowledge; learning; malaysia; page; process; students; teachers; teaching; understanding
• Indexing of the Qur’an: Cairo, Egypt Dhu al Hijjah 15-16, 1409/ July 18-19, 1989 by Cairo Office, IIIT - (1989.0) - Fifth: Indexing Method 1-The indexing process begins by carefully mdmg the Holy Qur'an verse by verse, examining each verse and recalhg the broad categories of the sciences being classified, perhaps relating to one or more verse. This requires that every meaning should be put on a separate card, whether it is derived from the whole verse, a portion of it, or a series of sequential verses as arranged in the Qur’an. Keywords: knowledge; meaning; sources; verse
• Workshop on lslamization of Knowledge: Sokoto, Nigeria Sha'ban 20-22. 1409/March 27-29, 1989 by Zain al-Abedin, Tayyib (1989.0) - Measurement of Islamic Religious Knowledge by Dr. A. H. Saleemi. 4. 196 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6. Keywords: education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; nigeria; workshop
• The Challenge of Islamic Economics: by Muhammad Akram Khan Published by the All-Pakistan Islamic Education Congress, Lahore, 1986, 93 pages. $3.00 by Anwar, Muhammad (1986.0) - He has written dozens of articles and books on Islamic economics since 1965 in English and Urdu. The first book is a classified compilation of ahadith relating to Islamic economics and is being published by the Islamic Research Academy, Lahore. Keywords: author; economics; islamic; knowledge
• Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1988.0) - The Qur'Gn tells us that these goals, with their limits, rules, and controls, are revealed and given to man by Allah (SWT), the Creator, by and through His Guidance (hudii) and are discovered in part by man through the development of human knowledge and enlightenment. The major source of human knowledge of this macro aspect is revelation which is given to mankind by the Creator who possesses total knowledge of the material world ( s h M ) and total knowledge of the dimensions beyond the material world (ghayb). Keywords: human; knowledge; life; mind; revelation
• Islamization of Knowledge: A Response by Rahman, Fazlur (1988.0) - When the philosophic impact came upon this kaliim tradition however, we note, after a1 Ghazili, another great scholar, Fakr a1 Din a1 R5zi (RA). But, precisely because he had done this, he was attacked by a1 Ghazili (ra) who wrote a book titled Tahiifit al-faliisifah (The Incoherence of Philosophers), which actually meant the Tahiifit (Incoherence) of Ibn Sinii, wherein he condemned certain very important propositions of Ibn Sin5 from what he saw contrary to the Islamic perspective. Keywords: good; ibn; ilm; islamic; knowledge; man
• Ibn Khaldun’s Theories of Perception, Logic and Knowledge: An Islamic Phenomenology by Schleifer, Aliah (1985.0) - In this, Ibn Khaldun separates thinking and action, making use of an Aristotelian point that the beginning of action is the end of thinking, and vice versa. SchleifedAliah Ibn Khaldun’s Theories of Perception 227 memory power leads to thinking power. Keywords: ibn; intellect; khaldun; knowledge; man; perception; soul
• No Scholars in the West: Salafi Networks of Knowledge from Saudi Arabia to Philadelphia by Goshey, Emily (2022.0) - For instance, instead of citing the published books of Salafi scholars, I have preferred to cite YouTube videos that contain English translations of their recorded lectures. A steady stream of students has gone, studied with leading Salafi scholars in the heart of the Muslim world, and returned home to promulgate Salafi teachings and lead their communities. Keywords: e r; e t; h e; h o; islamic; knowledge; n t; o l; o s; philadelphia; r n; s h; salafi; saudi; scholars
• An Islamic Conceptual Framework of a Well-balanced Personality by Nik Yaakob, Nik Rosila (2011.0) - Figure 1: Three types of human personalities, when the soul is integrated with a physical body.57 Yaakob: An Islamic Conceptual Framework 75 Figure 1 shows the state of human personality in the situation in which the evil power is dominating the soul. All the faculties in human soul will then be subservi- ent to evil, and even reason becomes a slave of passion, lust, and anger. Keywords: attas; body; child; concept; education; ghazālī; human; individual; islamic; knowledge; nature; personality; process; psychology; reason; soul
• От проторения пути до широкого внедрения «Исламизации знаний»: история Международного исламского университета Малайзии by Ханафи, Сари (2024.0) - Куллиййу висит большой баннер, сообщающий, что в рейтинге университетов мира QS (World University Rankings QS) по предметам за 2018 г. его препо- даватели заняли 31 место по теологии. Некоторые из опрошенных сказали, что университету необходимо разнообразить и расширить «исламское» содержа- ние, включив в него мысль и историю, чтобы он мог обеспе- чить более «цивилизационное» мировоззрение в программе. Keywords: economics; iium; international; islamic; knowledge; university; американский; более; большинство; будет; был; быть; в миум; внедрения; время; все; для; должны; его; есть; журнал; знаний; или; интеграции; ислама; ислама и; исламизации; исламская; исламских; исламской; исследований; как; когда; которые; куллиййа; курсов; малайзии; между; миум; может; например; наук; некоторые; области; обучения; общества; они; преподавателей; программы; проторения; психология; пути; работы; сари; студентов; также; тем; того; только; том; университет; ханафи; хотя; что; чтобы; широкого; экономики; эта; этой; этот; является
• Toward a New Framework of Islamic Economic Analysis (2020)* by Susamto, Akhmad Akbar (2024.0) - To explain why efforts to develop Islamic economics have not brought about the expected results, several authors dwell on a lack of research funding.24 For Siddiqi, the amount of public funds devoted to research in Islamic economics is insufficient.25 Others emphasize the relative his- torical youth of the discipline of modern Islamic economics, which—in contrast to the centuries of development of conventional economics—was only formalized a few decades ago.26 The discipline is still in its infancy. Justification to Develop Islamic Economics The development of Islamic economics has been justified with the argu- ment that there are “distinct Islamic responses” to economic problems,14 SUS AMtO: tOWARd A NE W FR AME WORK OF ISL AMIC EC ONOMIC ANALYSIS  39 on the presumption that particular economic approaches are “the logical outcome of the prevailing worldviews.”15 Keywords: actors; analysis; behavior; economics; economy; field; ideal; islamic; knowledge; methods; research; work; worldview
• Popular Religious Preaching as Informal Education and its Impact on Medieval Islamic Culture by Mahamid, Hatim; Abu Alhaija, Younis (2024.0) - On al-Mu‘tazila, its development and its most important intellectual views and works, see Muḥammad Salīm al-‘Awwā, al-Madāris al-Fikriyya al-Islāmiyya, (Beirut: An example of this is the gathering held during the reign of the Mamluk Sultan al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh in 818/1415, which was intended to examine the religious knowledge of Shams al-Dīn al-Rāzī al-Harawī (d. 829/1426), especially in the sciences of Hadith and the Sunna of the Prophet. Keywords: assemblies; culture; education; gatherings; ibn; ibn al; islamic; knowledge; mahamid; mamluk; medieval; preachers; preaching; public; rulers; sufi; sultan; ulamā; vol
• Bilginin İslamileştirilmesi”nin Öncülüğünden Yaygınlaştırılmasına, Malezya Uluslararası İslam Üniversitesi Örneği by Hanafi, Sari (2024-10-30) - None Keywords: alanında; ancak; arasında; aynı; ayrıca; bazı; beşerî; bilginin; bilimi; bilimler; bir; biri; bi̇; bkz; bütünleştirme; daha; dair; ders; derslerin; değil; diğer; e;-5f-)-)*>%5"7; economics; ekonomi; ekonomisi; eğitim; farklı; genel; gibi; göre; hem; ibrahim; iium; iium’deki; iium’nin; iki; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; international; ise; islamic; için; içinde; i̇slami; j)'0)*k"cf&)5"6:&,&57"%; journal; knowledge; konvansiyonel; kuala; lisans; lumpur; malezya; mohd; müslüman; nasıl; olan; olarak; olduğu; pek; psikoloji; sadece; siyaset; sosyal; söz; tarafından; temel; uluslararası; university; vahiy; veya; yeni; çalışmaları; çağdaş; çok; önemli; örneğin; öğrenciler; öğretim; üniversitesi; üyeleri; üzere; şekilde; şeriat
• ajiss-376 by None (None) - For the moment, however, al- Ghazzali’s treatise on disciplining the soul and Ibn Miskawayh’s instruction on purifying one’s dispositions provide an important point of departure, including here Mohammed A. Sherif’s elaboration of al-Ghazzali’s theory of virtue.75 M. A. Draz’s discussion of both ethical theory and applied ethics, as these might be construed from the Qur’an, is an important supplement, as is Toshihiko Isutzu’s Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an.76 Salma K. Jayyusi’s engagement with ethical universalism in relation to the Arab tradi- tion is a notable recent contribution to contemporary human rights dis- course77 and should be read along with Mashood A. Baderin’s recent works on international law, Islamic law, and human rights.78 Conclusion It is a principal task of contemporary Islam, while responding both to its own intellectual tradition and to contemporary political ideological forces inter- nal and external to it, to rehabilitate and renovate the classical-era Islamic discipline of `ilm al-akhlaq. As a result, human rights proponents are often tempted to blame Islam, if not religion generally, for human rights violations.3 Yet another commentator, Ebrahim Moosa, an associate professor of Islamic studies at Duke University and associate director of its Islamic Studies Center would add to Oh’s list “a range of manifestly discriminatory practices [e.g., towards women] inherited from the medieval formulation of Islamic law” and deriving from that period’s “strong patriarchal and patri- lineal assumptions.”4 Keywords: ajiss; ethics; human; ibn; ilm; international; islamic; knowledge; law; page; pdf; reason; rights; tradition; trial; version
• ajiss-401 by None (None) - Commitment to religious beliefs,77 val- ues, and practices can take root only in the presence of religious knowledge, because only religious knowledge is tacit, intuitive, internal, conceptual, subjective, and equal to understanding. Therefore, it can be said that the role of knowledge in religious education is vital; however, we also need information, especially when our goals are to transfer information about religion62 or to discuss inter-religious issues.63 But religious education does not merely seek to impart religious information to students, because there are people who have an abundance of religious information and yet feel no obligation to implement religious and moral principles. Keywords: education; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; information; knowledge; moral; pdf; press; religion; trial; version; view
• ajiss-482 by None (None) - Muhanna successfully analyzes—over the course of 232 pages with almost a dozen images and as many tables—the monumental, 31-volume encyclopedic compendium that consists of over two million words, titled Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition), composed by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī, an Egyptian bureaucrat and scholar, during the early fourteenth century. 73Book Reviews Muhanna’s goals are to consider why al-Nuwayrī composed his ambi- tious work; to analyze the disciplines al-Nuwayrī’s work encompassed and the models, sources, and methods that guided its composition; and to trace its reception among al-Nuwayrī’s contemporaries as well as its later recep- tion in Europe and the Islamicate world. Keywords: knowledge; mamluk; muhanna; nuwayrī
• ajiss-492 by None (None) - Middle East Studies for the New Millennium sheds light on the trials and tribulations of Middle East area studies in the highly charged and politi- cized context of American academia and broader US policy. This important book—with extensive bibliographies in each chapter and its detailed exploration of the state of the field of United States MES in the twenty-first century—stands as a reference source for all interested in Middle East studies. Keywords: east; knowledge; mes; middle; studies
• Toward a New Framework of Islamic Economic Analysis by Susamto, Akhmad Akbar (2020.0) - To explain why efforts to develop Islamic economics have not brought about the expected results, several authors dwell on a lack of research fund- ing.24 For Siddiqi, the amount of public funds devoted to research in Islamic economics is insufficient.25 Others emphasize the relative historical youth of the discipline of modern Islamic economics, which—in contrast to the 107 centuries of development of conventional economics—was only formalized a few decades ago.26 The discipline is still in its infancy. Justification to Develop Islamic Economics The development of Islamic economics has been justified with the argu- ment that there are “distinct Islamic responses” to economic problems,14 on the presumption that particular economic approaches are “the logical outcome of the prevailing worldviews.”15 Keywords: actors; behavior; economics; economy; field; framework; ideal; islamic; journal; knowledge; methods; research; worldview
• The Foundation of Knowledge: Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014. 214 pages. by Safi, Louay (2017.0) - He asserts that al-Shafi‘i’s intellectual exploits in uṣūl-al-fiqh are applicable to other fields of scientific research and illustrates this by claiming that bayān, which later developed into ‘ilm al-ma‘ānī (semantics), was employed in such areas as tafsīr al-Qur’ān (Qur’an interpretation) and al-naqd al-adabī (literary criticism). Similarly, he identifies bayān (clarification) and qiyās (analogy) as the titles under which al-Shafi‘i discussed textual interference. Keywords: knowledge; methods
• Reform of Education in Muslim Societies by Pervez, Saulat (2016.0) - Murteza Bedir (dean, Faculty of Theology, Istanbul University) moderated. Recep Kaymakcan (professor of religious education, Sakarya University), Ismail Demirezen (member, Faculty of Theology, Istanbul University), and Alpaslan Durmus (PhD student, Marmara University) commented. Keywords: education; iiit; islamic; istanbul; knowledge; studies; university
• Epistemological Integration: Essentials of an Islamic Methodology By Fathi Hasan Malkawi (London and Washington: IIIT, 2014. pbk. 342 pages.) by Delgado, Jibreel (2015.0) - Pre-modern thinkers whose work provides Malkawi’s Islamic methodology with the springboard upon which to launch itself include Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1040), Ibn Hazm (d. 1064), Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111), Ibn Rushd (d. 1198), Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 1328), Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (d. 1388), and Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406). It is inherently linked with the maqāṣidī discourse as developed by al-Shatibi in Andalusia, al-Tahir ibn Ashur (d. 1973) in Tunisia, and the Moroccan Allal al-Fasi (d. 1974), and that con- tinues to be developed today by scholars like Ahmad al-Raysuni, Jasser Auda, Mohammad Hashim Kamali, and Taha Jabir al-Alwani. Keywords: ibn; knowledge; malkawi
• The Walking Qur’an: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge, and History in West Africa By Rudolph Ware III (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. 330 pages.) by Hamdeh, Emad (2015.0) - Chapter 3 explores how Qur’an teachers were impacted by slav- ery and enslavement, and states that both they and their students led revo- lutionary movements that helped challenge and eventually abolish slavery. Along with shedding light on Islamic knowledge, Ware attempts to move beyond race by placing Africans at the center of Islamic studies. Keywords: islamic; knowledge; qur’an

• Constitutions and Pluralism in Muslim States and Societies by Willoughby, Jay (2015.0) - Melek Saral (University of Zurich, “Emerging Human Rights Discourses in Post-Uprising Egypt”) stated that al-Azhar came under state control in 1961 by law and enjoys the confidence of many Egyptians. ”Asma Afsarud- din (Indiana University, “Ummah in the Qur’an and Early Islam: Implications for Modern Pluralist Societies and Citizenship”) focused on the Muslim belief, based upon Q. 2:143, that they are a “middle” or “moderate nation/community.” Keywords: constitutions; islamic; law; pluralism; state; university
• The Reckoning of Pluralism: Political Belonging and the Demands of History in Turkey By Kabir Tambar (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014. 232 pages.) by Hart, Kimberly (2014.0) - But according to the author, many contemporary Alevis in Turkey com- pletely embrace the political construction of their historiography and regard the activities in this mosque as irrelevant and/or threatening. Interestingly, Tambar describes how Çorum’s Alevis have accepted these objectifying constraints and reflected them back to the ethnographer, bemoaning their ignorance of Alevi life. Keywords: alevis; book; state; tambar
• The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan: By Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi, eds. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. 430 pages.) by Robinson, Francis (2010.0) - Amin Tarzi examines what happened to these and other Taliban elites after 2001 and shows how they eventually coalesced as nodes of opposition to Hamid Karzai and his foreign backers. Lutz Rzehak’s fascinating essay draws on fieldwork in the southwestern province of Nimroz, where he examined oral tradition to demonstrate how the Baluch have remembered Taliban rule. Keywords: afghanistan; state; taliban
• Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari’ah By Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010. 336 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2010.0) - The problem is that in the process of suggesting the means and methods of how to do so, An- Naim contests Islamic values as relative, infusing them with ambiguity, as a prelude to essentializing western values and structures of state, constitution- alism, human rights, and citizenship as universal and deterministic. [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006], 4); (3) by calling for state neutrality toward all reli- gions, he is conducting a replay with a strong sense of déjà vu. Keywords: islamic; state
• Shari’a: Theory, Practice, Transformations by Wael Hallaq (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 614 pages.) by Hussin, Iza (2010.0) - Hallaq has built a new contribution upon these foundations, however, the most important of which is the charting of a new trajectory for Islamic legal studies that is both deeply engaged with social science theoretical projects and sharply aware of the implications of the aca- demic study of Islamic law for contemporary politics. In his “Introduction,” Hallaq states that this work approaches the field of Islamic law in a way that few other scholars have attempted. Keywords: hallaq; law; state
• The Political Economy of Arab Cultural Underdevelopment: The Case of Lawrence E. Harrison by Aysha, Emad El-Din (2009.0) - There was complete free- dom of migration (no serfdom) with collective ownership of land by clans, and massive avenues for non-agricultural wealth thanks to policed trade routes within the vast reaches of the Muslim ‘empire.’ Page 134 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com modernize. Keywords: ajiss; economy; harrison; oil; page; pdf; state; trial; version
• Why the French Don’t Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space by John R. Bowen (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. 290 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2008.0) - The French law banning the hijab from public schools presents itself as just as baffling as any non-western custom. So with a catchy title designed to appeal to this widespread bafflement, the author seeks to explain the intellectual underpinnings and political processes that led to this ban- ning of “ostentatious” religious symbols in public schools on March 15, 2004. Keywords: french; law; state
• Citizens Abroad: Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa by Laurie A. Brand (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 246 pages.) by Terc, Mandy (2007.0) - Her other theoretical contribution is to challenge and deconstruct simplistic and outdated conceptions of state sovereignty. In addition to its strong contribu- tion to the theoretical literature on emigration and state sovereignty, this book is an excellent reference source for scholars of the four countries selected as case studies. Keywords: emigration; sovereignty; state
• Frontiers and Ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel by James Ron (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 208 pages.) by Blumi, Isa (2006.0) - At the heart of this provocative study is a bravely argued claim that pat- terns of state violence vary because of international borders and how states operate within and beyond them. Scholars of state violence, among them sociologists and legal scholars, have insisted upon the existence of certain distinctions that separate those police methods deemed acceptable to the international human rights community from those methods of state brutality considered worthy of condemnation. Keywords: ron; state; violence
• Tensions and Transitions in the Muslim World: By Louay Safi (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. 230 pages.) by Abboud, Samer (2006.0) - In other words, Islamic reform must emerge from a rereading and synthesis of these two historical approaches to reform. Safi’s text interrogates the potential of Islamic reform movements to articu- late a democratic and pluralistic politics throughout the Middle East and the broader Islamic world. Keywords: islamic; reform; state
• The Management of Islamic Activism: Salafis, The Muslim Brotherhood, and State Power in Jordan by Quintan Wiktorowicz (State University of New York: Albany, 2001. 205 pages.) by Ghori, Faisal (2006.0) - If this is correct, then what differentiates Islamic NGOs from non-Islamic NGOs? Although a key component of his argument is that the state bureaucracy has hampered and controlled the functionality of Islamic NGOs, he fails to explain what distinguishes Islamic NGOs from their coun- terparts. Keywords: islamic; state
• From Wealth to Power: By Fareed Zakaria. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. 199 pages.) by Sabet, Amr (2001.0) - According to the state-centered realism hypothesis, Zakaria argues that statesmen will expand their nation's political interests abroad when they perceive a relative increase in state power, not national power, depending, that is, on the hction of the latter that the former can extract. In essence, we are having a situa- tion where national power explains state power. Keywords: american; policy; power; realism; state; zakaria
• Religion and Public Life by Safi, Louay M. (2001.0) - For it is always easier to dissuade people from erroneous points of view when the latter are based on theoretical arpnents rather than religious convictions. And while shared religious conviction can create more harmony in the public sphere, the possibilities of interpersonal and inter-ctxnmunal conflicts are bound to increase in multi-religious societies. Keywords: life; meaning; religion; state
• All in the Family: By Michael Herb, Albany: State University New York Press, 1999, 351 pp. by McDuffee, Allen (2000.0) - Herb believes that rentier state theory has its place, but suggests that its affect has been exaggerated. Therefore, it seems reasonable if not necessary to turn to rentier state theory to explain the stabili- ty observed in Oman. Keywords: family; herb; monarchies; state
• In the Land of Free People: A Turkish Liberal Utopia between the State and the Individual by Barkcin, Savas s. (2000.0) - Agaoglu could articulate these views in the founding years of the Kemalist State because this position was also supported by the absolute leader, Atatiirk, and the hegemonic discourse of the regime. Agaoglu’s liberalism is an ideology where the State takes the center and imposes its values and lifestyle on the pe0ple.3~ The strict order that the Kemalist State relied on to materialize its utopi- an project, constitutes another aspect of Agaogu’s utopia. Keywords: agaoglu; atatiirk; freedom; islamic; kemalist; land; liberal; liberalism; party; people; state; story; turkish; utopia; west
• From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role by Fareed Zakaria. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998, 199 pp. by Sabet, Amr (2000.0) - According to the state-centered realism hypothesis, Zakaria argues, statesmen will expand their nation's political interests abroad when they perceive a relative increase in state power, not national power, depending on the fraction of the latter that the former can extract. In essence, we have a sit­ uation where national power explains state power. Keywords: american; power; realism; state; zakaria
• Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: By Leonardo A. Villalon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 338. by Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh (1997.0) - This maraboutic sys­ tem explains much of Senegal's relative success in maintaining a dynamic bal­ ance between state and society. Fatick is the prism through which the author examines the theoretical issue of how Islam has an impact on the relationship between state and society in Senegal. Keywords: senegal; senegalese; society; state
• Economic Doctrines of Islam: A Study in the Doctrines of Islam and Their Implications for Poverty, Employment, and Economic Growth By Irfan Ul Haq. Herndon, VA: IIIT, 1996. xiv + 293 pp. by Ahmad, lmtiazuddin (1997.0) - Therefore, the clear and unam- biguous conclusion from this practice in the context of current economic policy is that the only space- and time-neutral mandatory obligation on all Muslims is to pay zakah. We fM no support from economic theory or the experience of the developing or socialist world to indicate that nationalized banks contribute to social profitability. Keywords: author; economic; islamic; land; policy; state
• Tribes, Government and History in Yemen: By Paul Dresch. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. by Young, William C. (1997.0) - However, other cross-cultural comparisons (particularly between Yemeni tribes and the Moroccan tribes studied by David Hart) would also have been illuminating. And although Dresch is correct when he observes that Yemeni tribal custom and Islamic law often are in agreement (p. 183), he forgets to add that Islam is not only a legal system but has a cosmology and ritual observances quite at variance with those of the tribes. Keywords: book; dresch; state; tribes; zaydi
• Nationalism and Religion: 22 March 1996/2 Dhu al Qa‘dah 1416 London School of Economics, University of London, London, UK by Kucukcan, Talip (1996.0) - What is meant by “religious nationalism,” and how is it related to nation-states, resistance, and violence? The last paper of the conference, Liah Greenfeld’s (Boston University, USA) “Nationalist Religions, Religious Nationalisms and the Aspiration of Modernity,” argued that “religious nationalism is one of the methods in which religion is harnessed to nationalist political interests. Keywords: london; nationalism; religion; state; university
• Pragmatism in the Age of Jihad: The Precolonial State of Bundu by Michael A. Gomez. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992, 252 pp. by Sodiq, Yushau (1996.0) - Although Bundu leaders signed treaties of mutual cooperation with the French and British in good faith, they were ignorant of the hidden agenda of the colonial invaders, whose primary purpose was The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13: 1 Book Reviews 111 to conquer and plunder Africa of its natural resources. Is he praising Bundu leaders despite their corruption and failure on several occasions? Keywords: bundu; french; gomez; leaders; state
• Al Hurriyat al 'Ammah fi al Dawlah al Islamiyah: By Rashed Ghannoushi. Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al Wahdah al 'Arab'iyah, 1993, 382 pp. by Alhroub, Khaled (1995.0) - These two broad concepts are capable of adopting any modem method, because, as Ghannoushi states, Islam accepts new methodologies as long as they help people express their will, especially in struggling against despotism. If they do not choose the Islamic party, this means, as Ghannoushi states, that there is something wrong in that party-not Islam. Keywords: freedom; ghannoushi; islamic; state
• Some Issues In Risk Management and Insurance In a Non-Muslim State by Zaman, M. Raquibuz (1988.0) - For those who buy life insurance policies, the main objective is to protect their earnings so that in their absence their W e s do not become destitute and public charges. It is the contention of this author that life insurance policies should only be purchased for protection and not for accumulation of wealth. Keywords: companies; insurance; islamic; life; losses; policies; policy; risk; state
• The Concept of State in Islam by Iqbal, Justice Javed (1984.0) - Ideally speaking, if an elected legislative assembly is to be formed in an Islamic state, it should consist of lawyers who are qualified in Islamic law as well as modern jurisprudence and this objective can be realized through the accomplishment of a reform in the present system of legal education in Muslim countries by extending its sphere so as to combine the study of Islamic law with an intelligent study of modern jurisprudence. Strictly speaking it is also not a national state, because Muslim community 13 (Milla) is a community of faith and consists of peoples who may belong to different tribes, races or nationalities and may speak different languages and be of different colors, but who share a common spiritual aspiration i.e. their faith in Islam and regard themselves as a nation on the basis of a common spiritual aspiration. Keywords: allah; holy; islamic; law; muslim community; national; period; prophet; qur’an; state
• The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Edited by Ali Banuazizi and Myron Weiner. Syracuse University Press (1407 AH/1987 AC). Published simultaneously by Vanguard Books Ltd. , Pakistan. pp. 390. by Ahmed, Akbar S. (1988.0) - Furthermore, the irredentist and secessionist claims made by various ethnic groups and governments contribute to the persistence of the crisis of ethnic group identity and undermine their loyalty to each of the states. Some cannot resist the pitfall into which social scientists are wont to plummet, i.e., the use of impenetrably recondite jargon: “Whatever the particular criterion for group identity, inquiry into the relationship of ethnic groups to the larger sociocultural systems of which they are a part ought to rest on the ‘situational’ approach to ethnicity” (P. Higgins: p.169). Keywords: afghanistan; iran; pakistan; population; state
• Islamic Ideal and Political Reality in Late-Classical Muslim Thought by Rajaee, Farhang (1986.0) - The end of Islamic political thought thus is to materialize these principles. Because they are codified in a body of law, the Islamic polity may be referred to as a nomocracy, making Islamic political thought a legal enterprise. Keywords: allah; history; ideal; imiim; islamic; king; law; leader; leadership; position; state; thought
• ajiss-2958 by None (None) - Ali Mirsepassi and Tadd Graham Fernée introduce their book as a “critical study of citizenship, state, and globalization in societies historically influenced by Islamic traditions and institutions” (p. 1). Given this, in essence this work is at- tempting to replace western ontology with western epistemology, in the frame of which the critical study of Islamic traditions and institutions is undertaken. Keywords: new; state
• Integrating Kashmir: Modernity, Development and Sedimented Narratives: Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition (By Shahla Hussain) & Colonizing Kashmir: State-Building Under Indian Occupation (By Hafsa Kanjwal) by Majid, Iymon (2024.0) - 4 1 : 3 - 4 Two Stones, One Bush: Thinking about Kashmir In her book, Colonizing Kashmir: State-Building under Indian Occupation (hereafter CK), Hafsa Kanjwal is direct and provocative. Integrating Kashmir: Modernity, Development and Sedimented Narratives K Keywords: e s; hussain; india; kanjwal; kashmir; modernity; state
• ajiss-396 by None (None) - More specifically, the two research questions of interest are as follows: RQ1: Do state mosques in West Malaysia have adequate systems of internal control on the receipt of income? RQ 2: Do state mosques in West Malaysia have adequate systems of internal control on the disbursement of funds? Keywords: control; control systems; financial; funds; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; internal; islamic; malaysia; mosques; state; state mosques; systems
• ajiss-444 by None (None) - Most notably, while the extent of violence prior to the 2002 report may have been exagger- ated or softened by Beijing to conform to changing political priorities, there was never any serious effort made to blame Xinjiang violence on an omnipresent unified Islamist movement before 9/11. In welcoming Chinese and international trade partners to the Urmuqi trade fair on September 2, 2001, Xinjiang Party Secretary Wang Lequan together with Abdulahat Abdurishit proclaimed that the situation in Xinjiang was “better than ever in history.” Keywords: beijing; china; chinese; document; east; han; islamic; party; people; region; relations; separatist; state; turkistan; uygur; xinjiang
• The Contemporary Islamic Governed State: A Reconceptualization by Joseph Kaminski by Parker, Thomas (2020.0) - Kaminski’s book continues the conversation started by Hallaq’s Impossible State by instead showing what is possible in Islamic states. Since its 2013 release, Wael Hallaq’s The I mpossible S tate has retained a central position in debates within the field of Islamic political thought. Keywords: chapter; islamic; kaminski; state
• Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon: Infrastructures, Public Services, and Power By Joanne R. Nucho (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. 168 pages.) by Rizvi, Muneeza (2018.0) - Overall, however, Nucho’s ethnographic study skillfully traces the construction of sects and sectarianism through complicated social networks, state institutions, and infrastructures, and successfully denaturalizes notions of “sectarian community.” In Everyday Sectarianism, anthropologist and filmmaker Joanne Nucho examines the inextricable links between sectarian belonging, Lebanon’s confessional system of governance, and neighborhood infrastructures de- veloped in the absence of the state (a refrain throughout the book is wayn al dawleh?). Keywords: nucho; sectarianism; state
• The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State By Graeme Wood (New York: Random House, 2017. 352 pages.) by Marthinsen, Grant (2018.0) - The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State is an incred- ibly well-researched work which dissects both the psychology and religious beliefs of Islamic State supporters. When the Islamic State seized the town several years ago there was exultation among its ranks regarding the coming defeat of the Crusaders at Dabiq; once the town was lost, the group reminded its soldiers—and the world—that prophecy implied that Mecca and Medina must fall to the caliphate’s forces before the battle at Dabiq, and that this had not yet occurred. Keywords: group; islamic; state; wood
• Religious Secularity: A Theological Challenge to the Islamic State By Naser Ghobadzadeh (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. 267 pages.) by Madaninejad, Banafsheh (2016.0) - In Iran, rather than launching overt attacks against the theocratic state, this discourse of religious secularity has created a more “gentle, implicit and sectarian manner in challenging the Islamic state.” By presenting the works of Iranian Muslim reformers – believing reformers who span a range between Islamist and secular – the author’s very useful concept of religious secularity pinpoints a new political category in the Muslim world, a tendency that is at once re- ligious and secular. Keywords: secular; secularity; state
• Islamic Thought and Secular Modernity by Willoughby, Jay (2016.0) - Given that mainstream Islamism is an attempt to reconcile pre-modern Islamic law with the modern nation-state, it is a modern phenomenon. This is un-Islamic to the extent that it makes this world the primary determinant of values. Keywords: discussants; islamic; law; secular; session; state; thought; university

• Yozgatlı Ihsan Efendi: Kaybolan Dünyadan Nurlu Bir Sima by Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu by Karic, Dzenita (2020.0) - Alongside private letters, excerpts from biographies and auto- biographies (and notably, Ali Ulvi Kurucu’s memories), his rich documen- tary material includes photographs and interviews with those who knew Yozgatlı Ihsan Efendi personally, providing unique insights into his life and work. In other words, the nation-state now imposed limitations on belonging, and Yozgatlı Ihsan Efendi was unwilling to compromise on the key elements of his identity. Keywords: book; efendi; ihsan; yozgatlı
• Incredible Ottoman Projects: By Turan Şahin (Istanbul: Blue Dome Press, 2013. 127 pages (full color)) by Gaber, Tammy (2014.0) - Other projects included plans for tunnels, metro infrastructure, monumental bridges spanning the Golden Horn, and various canal projects. Specific projects reviewed include revitalization plans for the Hippo- drome, Beyazit Square, and Valide Sultan – each of which included widen- ing the plazas (including landscaping) and demolishing such major landmarks as the Sultan Ahmed mosque. Keywords: book; ottoman; projects
• Toward Our Reformation: From Legalism to Value-oriented Islamic Law and Jurisprudence By Mohammad Omar Farooq (London and Herndon, VA: IIIT, 2011. 323 pages.) by Johnston, David L. (2013.0) - This book, by contrast, is written by an insider telling other insiders (Mus- lims) that Islamic law needs serious revamping, a weighty charge indeed. Perhaps his indignation over its long-term abuse has led him to leave it aside and focus on “Islamic law.” Keywords: book; farooq; islamic; law
• Muslim Environmentalisms: Religious and Social Foundations by Anna M. Gade by Osborne, Lauren (2020.0) - The work is in conversation not only with previous Islamic Studies works on the environ- ment, such as Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s several earlier works in this area as well as Sarra Tlili’s more recent Animals in the Qur’an, but also recent crit- ical interrogations field-forming discourses such as Shahab Ahmed’s While the global environmental crisis has escalated rapidly in recent years, work at the intersection of Islamic Studies and Environmental Studies is a newly developing area, to which Anna Gade’s Muslim Environmentalisms: Religious and Social Foundations presents a significant contribution. Keywords: book; gade; islamic
• The Origins of the Shi‘a: Identity, Ritual, and Sacred Space in Eighth-Century Kufa By Najam Haider (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 278 pages.) by Lawson, Todd (2013.0) - This book will be of interest to scholars in a variety of fields and disciplines: Islamic studies (history, thought, institutions, and modern developments), his- tory, religion, anthropology, and sociology, to name a few that immediately come to mind. The third part is where the author ap- plies his study and analysis to bring forth a fresh version of the rise of Zaydi Islam, a fresh appreciation of the role of ritual in early Islam among various groups, and a fresh appreciation for the importance of urban geography for the understanding of islamicate communalism. Keywords: book; history
• Cosmopolitans and Heretics: New Muslim Intellectuals and the Study of Islam By Carool Kersten (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. 288 pages.) by Browers, Michaelle (2012.0) - Kersten intends this book to be both an addition to our knowledge of the history of Muslim intellectuals as well as a contribution to the “refash- ioning of Islamic studies as a field of academic investigation and its position vis-à-vis both the study of religions as a generic field and area studies” (p. 6). Kersten argues that these three Islamic thinkers form part of “the first gen- eration of Muslim thinkers reaching intellectual maturity in the postcolonial age” and are “representative of a new type of Muslim intellectual emerging in the 1960s” (p. xiv). Keywords: book; islamic; kersten
• Interfaith Dialogue: A Guide for Muslims, 2nd ed. By Muhammad Shafiq and Mohammed Abu-Nimer (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2011. pbk. 168 pages.) by Johnston, David (2012.0) - Another theme running through the book is that intra-Muslim dialogue is a necessary prerequisite to interfaith dialogue. Despite the watershed initiative by Saudi Arabia King Addullah in calling together the 2008 Madrid Interfaith Conference, “many Muslims who attend the mosque for daily worship are opposed or have negative opinions of interfaith dialogue” (xi). Keywords: book; dialogue; interfaith
• In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, introduction by Terry Moore, by Seyyed Hossein Nasr with Ramin Jahanbegloo, (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. 373 pages. hbk. Notes and index) by MacDonald, Matthew A. (2011.0) - hbk. Notes and index In Search of the Sacred, as the subtitle indicates, lets readers in on a wide- ranging conversation between Seyyed Hossein Nasr, one of the world’s most prolific Muslim intellectuals, and his cousin, Ramin Jahanbegloo, about Nasr’s life and thought. 71221- Cover, page 2 @ Preflight The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:1132 Seyyed Hossein Nasr with Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, introduction by Terry Moore Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. Keywords: book; nasr; thought
• It’s Easier to Reach Heaven than the End of the Street: A Jerusalem Memoir By Emma Williams (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2010. 415 pages.) by Robinson, Francis (2010.0) - We are told of the fear generated by sui- cide bombers – the head of one landed in the playground of the school attended by Emma’s children as the school day began; the regular deaths of Palestinian civilians at the hands of the Israel Defence Force, “the purest army in the world”; the “silent war,” the relentless theft by one means or another of Palestinian land; the sickening problem, from Emma’s point of view, of Israeli self-deception; the open talk of “trans- fer,” a.k.a. ethnic cleansing as a solution to Israel’s Palestinian problem; how western journalists find their reports censored by editors intimidated by Israel’s attack machine; the oppression and misery heaped upon the Palestinians at the checkpoints throughout their territories, where teenaged Israeli soldiers wield absolute power; the wall, or “barrier” as it is supposed to be called, illegal under international law, which wends its ways through the West Bank, annexing further Palestinian territory to Israel and thereby dividing community from community and farmers from their fields; the settlements on the West Bank, also illegal under international law, which not only rob the Palestinians of further land but also often prevent them from working what remains; the breathtaking injustices piled upon the Palestinians; the Palestinian quality of sumud, of remaining steadfast in the face of all difficulty; and the double standards of the United States and, indeed, of most western countries in dealing with the two sides. This book, which was first published in Britain in 2006, records her experiences and assessments of what she saw when she Book Reviews 109 accompanied her husband, a senior UN official, to Israel during 2000-03. Keywords: book; emma; israel
• On Spirituality: Essays from the Third Shi`i Muslim Mennonite Christian Dialogue By M. Darrol Bryant, Susan Kennel Harrison, and A. James Reimer, eds. (Kitchener, ON: Padora Press, 2010. pages 248 pages.) by Tourage, Mahdi (2010.0) - Ali Mesbah’s “From Knowing God to Loving God: Spirituality and Submission” is slightly better, for it notes some scholars’ opinions on the difference between religion and spirituality, but it has no concluding point. 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:4 On Spirituality: Essays from the Third Shi`i Muslim Mennonite Christian Dialogue M. Darrol Bryant, Susan Kennel Harrison, and A. James Reimer, eds. Keywords: book; islamic; shi`i; spirituality
• The Politics of Iranian Cinema: Film and Society in the Islamic Republic by Saeed Zeydabadi-Nejad (London and New York: Routledge, 2010. 190 pages.) by Khatib, Lina (2010.0) - Saeed Zeydabadi-Nejad’s book, The Politics of Iranian Cinema: Film and Society in the Islamic Republic, fills this glaring gap by providing a unique insight into how Iranian films are received in Iran; what political and social debates they spark; and how they form part of a larger nexus of power negotiations between the state, artists, and film viewers. The Reformists supported social films, as they saw them as beneficial to their vision of society, but as support for the Reformists dwindled in 2003-04, so did the interest in such films. Keywords: book; cinema; films
• Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century by Marc Sageman (Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2008. 197 pages.) by Ami, Naama Ben (2010.0) - Sage- man also explains the difference between internal terrorism, which tries to change the regime inside the country (a topic with which his book does not deal) and global terror (aimed at Europe and the United States). Any perceived injustice to a Muslim Arab can turn into a trigger for joining global terror. Keywords: book; chapter; terror; terrorism
• Tales of God’s Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation by John Renard, ed. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009. 413 pages.) by Nadvi, Muhammad Junaid (2010.0) - John Renard provides an insight into Islamic mysticism, identifies a range of Sufi concepts, and shows that new Sufi concepts could coexist alongside older ones. I recommend this majestic piece of Islamic hagiography to anyone interested in Sufi thought and philosophy of mind more generally, for it is a valuable reference volume and an excel- lent text to use in advanced classes of Sufi philosophy. Keywords: anthology; book; hagiography; islamic; sufi; tales
• A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th ed.: By William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton (Boulder: Westview Press, 2009. 618 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2010.0) - I would, however, have liked to have seen the authors contest the Eurocentric term Middle East, which would have taken only a few pages, but is, in my opinion, of significant importance. Part 2 (six chapters) looks at what Cleveland and Bunton term the three main centers of “political authority”: the Ottoman Empire, the autonomous province of Egypt, and the Qajar dynasty of Iran in both the nineteenth and early twentieth (1920; post-WWI and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire) centuries. Keywords: book; chapters; islamic
• A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind by Michael Axworthy (New York: Basic Books, 2008. 249 pages.) by Mancini-Lander, Derek J. (2009.0) - In sum, non-specialists are better off reading selected articles in the Cambridge History of Iran or general histories that deal with more circum- scribed periods of time. Although the author points out the defects of nationalistic history, his methodology is based upon some of the same problematic assumptions. Keywords: book; history
• The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism by Denis MacEoin (Leiden: Brill, 2009. 738 pages.) by Momen, Moojan (2009.0) - This would have resulted in a useful piece of work that combined the excellent qualities of the original thesis with contemporary relevance. Page 124 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/diglib/books/K-O/M/maceoin/ http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com moot by the work of Todd Lawson (Ph.D. thesis, Gnostic Apocalypse in Islam: The Literary Beginnings of the Babi Movement [London: Routledge, forthcoming]) and Nader Saiedi (Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb Keywords: book; page; thesis; work
• The Meanings of Timbuktu: By Shamil Jeppie and Souleymane Bachir Diagnes, eds. (Pretoria: Human Science Research Council in association with Dakar: CODESRIA, 2008. 376 pages.) by Haron, Muhammed (2009.0) - Jeppie, the lead editor, reflects upon “Re/discov- ering Timbuktu,” and Diagne shares his ideas on “Toward an Intellectual History of West Africa: The Meaning of Timbuktu.” Part 1, which introduces us to the region of Timbuktu, features essays by scholars who have researched West Africa in general and Timbuktu in partic- ular. Keywords: africa; arabic; book; timbuktu; west
• Preservation of the Heritage: Survival and Documentation by Palestinians by Ben-Ami, Naama (2009.0) - The book contains an appendix on classical Arabic duel poetry texts by such poets as ‘Imru al-Qays and `Abid ibn al-Abras as well as Abu Nuwas Ben-Ami: Preservation of the Heritage 89 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk and `Abbas ibn al-Ahnaf (without an English translation), an index of the names and terms appearing in the book (with references), and a list of books on Arabic poetry and literature published in the Brill Studies in Middle Eastern Literatures. Chapter 1 deals with duel poetry in pre-classical times, of which only very scant remains survive (a fate to be expected of a largely oral literature), poetry competitions with umpires who decided on the winner, women who competed against men (e.g., Khansa, whose elegy for her four sons who died in battle is considered superb poetry), and celebrations honoring the victors. Keywords: arabic; book; chapter; duel; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; israel; lebanon; palestinian; poems; poetry
• The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam by Marion Holmes Katz (London and New York: Routledge, 2007. 275 pages) by Colby, Frederick S. (2009.0) - The argument over the appropriate- ness of standing (qiyam) at the moment when the narrative declares the Prophet’s birth, and what exactly is at stake in the action, serves as a micro- cosm through which Katz examines the positions of various parties in the debate over this event’s legitimacy. Even within this Arab context, the study revolves around the analysis of mawlid texts and the legal debates they engender, rather than, for instance, ethnographic reports about how the event itself continues to be a living practice among Muslims in different parts of the world. Keywords: book; mawlid; prophet
• The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran by Christoph Luxenberg (Berlin: Hans Schiler, 2007. 349 pages.) by Langermann, Y. Tzvi (2008.0) - On the strong side, Luxenberg suggests that the final alif, which has, with great difficulty, been interpreted as an accusative in words such as mathalan (11:24) or al-hawaya (6:146), can be better explained on the basis of corresponding Aramaic forms (pp. 44-45 and elsewhere). The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran Christoph Luxenberg Berlin: Hans Schiler, 2007. 349 pages. Keywords: arabic; book; luxenberg
• Arab Representations of the Occident: East-West Encounters in Arabic Fiction by Rasheed El-Enany (London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 255 pages.) by Ben-Ami, Naama (2008.0) - The book presents the views of Arab writers from various lands and periods who, over a period of some 200 years, dealt in some way with the East-West encounter. Interestingly enough, Arab male authors usually describe an encounter between an Arab man and a western woman (usually British or French), while female writers most often describe an Arab woman who arrives in the West for some reason and encounters a western man. Keywords: book; period; west
• Freedom and Orthodoxy: Islam and Difference in the Post-Andalusian Age by Anouar Majid (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004. 270 pages.) by Johnston, David (2008.0) - In “Liberties Undone” (chapter 4), Majid describes the “third great wave of post-Andalusian ideologies”: capitalism, starting in 1848 (Eric Hobs- bawm, The Age of Capital: 1848-1875) and gradually giving birth to the “postcolonial condition” we know today. Building on his previous book, Unveiling Traditions: Postcolonial Islam in a Polycentric World (Duke University Press: 2000), Majid expands and deepens his historical and philosophical analysis, exhorts both Muslims and westerners to search their souls, remove the roots of their own cherished cer- tainties that exclude the Other (i.e., fundamentalisms), and engage in the path of creative dialog. Keywords: american; book; majid
• Tehran Blues: By Kaveh Basmenji (London: Saqi Books, 2005. 272 pages.) by Armani, David (2008.0) - Due to Basmenji’s accessible and engaging writing style, I recom- mend this book not only to scholars of Persian culture and history, but also to anyone who aspires to be more informed about Iranian society and the chasm between its older and younger generations. This informative and timely book, Tehran Blues: How Iranian Youth Rebelled Against Iran’s Founding Fathers, is skillfully crafted into eleven chapters that showcase current Iranian politics while drawing insights from its past. Keywords: basmenji; book; iran
• Morocco: The Islamist Awakening and Other Challenges by Marvine Howe (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 428 pages.) by Johnston, David (2008.0) - Veteran journalist Marvine Howe’s book on Morocco is unique in its genre. Though she worked for Radio Maroc and as a stringer for the New York Times and Time-Life in Morocco from 1951 to 1962, Howe has covered several topics related to that country since and returned for a serious “Tour du Maroc” with two old friends in 2001. Keywords: book; howe; morocco
• Memories in Translation: A Life between the Lines of Arabic Literature by Denys Johnson-Davies (Cairo and New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2006. 139 pages.) by Ami, Naama Ben (2007.0) - Furthermore, no systematic rules of transcription are used for Arabic names and works of literature. Among the translation difficulties mentioned in the book are choosing what to translate; different dialects inserted into the narrative (dialects differ considerably, sometimes even between neighboring villages), which occa- sionally could only be solved by questioning the original author; typograph- ical errors in the source text, deletions by publishers, and mistakes made by the author (see p. 65); and difficulties in convincing publishers to accept translated works despite worries that the English-speaking public would not show an interest in such works. Keywords: arabic; book; chapter
• The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry by Omid Safi (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. 293 pages.) by Lawson, Todd (2007.0) - With a beautiful, exemplary scholarly style, Omid Safi treats the reader to a deep sounding of accounts of the frequently mar- ginalized players and problems of Islamicate intellectual, religious, political, 128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:3 and social history. Todd Lawson Associate Professor of Islamic Thought Department of Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada 130 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:3 Keywords: book; chapter; islamic
• The Arab Americans: A History by Gregory Orfalea (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2006. 500 pages.) by Salaita, Steven (2007.0) - Subsequent chapters explore a number of sociocultural and political issues of interest to the Arab-American community, including the politics of the Arab world, activism (historical and contemporary) in Arab America, the relationship between Arab Americans and the American government at both the local and federal levels, religious traditions in Arab America, and the instability and diversity of Arab-American identity. Other strengths include Orfalea’s personal knowledge of many of the issues and histories he examines, his humanization through engaging profiles of individuals sub- sisting within a widely stereotyped community, and his condemnation of draconian legislation targeted at Arab Americans and rationalized by an Arab presence in the United States. Keywords: americans; arab; book
• Powers of the Secular Modern: Talal Asad and His Interlocutors by David Scott and Charles Hirschkind, eds. (Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press, 2006. 355 pages.) by Blumi, Isa (2007.0) - Powers of the Secular Modern: Talal Asad and His Interlocutors David Scott and Charles Hirschkind, eds. For more than three decades, anthropologist Talal Asad has challenged the governing assumptions of western “knowledge” of the non-western world. Keywords: asad; book; religion
• Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures: By Richard M. Foltz (Oxford: One World, 2006. 192 pages.) by Khan, Mohamad (2007.0) - In his peculiarly self-abasing preface to Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures, Richard Foltz speculates that the audience for his book will probably consist of “non-Muslims who are sympathetic to Muslim cul- ture and interested in learning more about what it has to offer in terms of animal rights” (p. xii). The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:2 That being the case, Animals in Islamic Tradition does seem to have, if not a thesis, then at least a slant: it is clearly concerned with championing ani- mal rights and identifying the sources from which an Islamic emphasis on animal rights, an Islamic vegetarianism, and the like might justify them- selves. Keywords: animal; book; chapter; rights
• The Kemalists: Islamic Revival and the Fate of Secular Turkey by Muammer Kaylan (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2005. 482 pages.) by Dressler, Markus (2006.0) - In Kaylan’s view, this was temporarily halted by Atatürk, whose radical secularization and modernization politics following the Turkish War of Independence (1919-22) represent the apex of Turkish modernity. At the center of his narrative, however, is Turkish politics. Keywords: book; islamic; kaylan; turkish
• Burned Alive: A Victim of the Laws of Men by Souad (Judith S. Armbruster, tr.) (Great Britain: Bantam Press, 2004. 333 pages.) by Aslam, Maleeha (2006.0) - In real life, the conventional approach of cloistering women does not pre- clude chance cross-gender encounters, as was the case with Souad. While her narration is more per- sonal, Jacqueline (Souad’s rescuer and biographer) reflects on the issue holistically and identifies other countries, among them Jordon, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, India, Pakistan, and even Israel and Europe, where men con- done similar honor crimes (p. 221). Keywords: book; souad
• Pilgrims of Love: The Anthropology of a Global Sufi Cult by Pnina Werbner (London: Hurst & Co., 2003. 348 pages.) by Curtis, Mieke Maria (2006.0) - While the commentary on these celebrations in Pakistan evokes familiar themes about the events’ function as a large-scale redistribution of resources and the saint’s miraculous role in feeding the poor, these events take on a significantly different meaning in Britain, where a Muslim minority population organizes public processions. Pnina Werbner’s Pilgrims of Love, a truly exceptional book in several impor- tant ways, is the result of some eleven years of fieldwork in Britain and Pakistan. Keywords: book; saint; werbner
• Beyond Violence: Religious Sources of Social Transformation in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by James L. Heft, S.M. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2004. 162 pages.) by Tourage, Mahdi (2006.0) - However, reading these six essay together underscores one point: Whether it is in renouncing the right of revenge conferred by suffering, seeing glory in moral power, searching for “the moral man of the earth,” balancing power with the vision of peace, engaging in honest self-criticism, or advocating reli- gious liberty and universal human rights, each author, in his own individual way, calls for religious people to have the courage to choose peace. He views the Second Vatican Council (1962- 65) as the key turning point after which the Catholic Church became a pow- erful proponent of religious liberty and universal human rights, which was further developed by liberation theology. Keywords: book; peace; university; violence
• Crossing the Threshold: Understanding Religious Identities in South Asia by Dominique-Sila Khan (London: I.B. Tauris, 2004. 185 pages.) by Solihu, Abdul Kabir Hussain (2006.0) - Based on field research, observation, and personal experience, the author demonstrates with vivid case studies, legends, and folklore how the two peoples had formerly lived by shared deities and how the change of identity based on Hindu nationalism and Islam has wrought havoc. Khan’s book dwells on the making of identity in the Indian subcontinent between medieval India and the end of the twentieth century. Keywords: book; communities; hindu
• A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City by Kathleen Benson and Philip M. Kayal, eds. (New York: The Museum of the City of New York, 2002. 280 pages.) by Biondo III, Vincent F. (2005.0) - A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City Kathleen Benson and Philip M. Kayal, eds. It provides a general overview of the history and diversity of Arab Americans in New York City and is particularly strong in the area of the arts, featuring several chapters on literature and music, including several first-person narratives. Keywords: arab; book; new; york
• Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century by Mark Sedgwick (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 370 pages.) by Zaidi, Ali Hassan (2005.0) - Part 3, “Traditionalism at Large,” mainly follows the developments of Schuon’s Maryamiyah tariqah (chapters 7 and 8) and details his deviations not only from Sufism, but also from perennialism and traditionalism. 108 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2 Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century Mark Sedgwick New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Keywords: book; sedgwick; traditionalism
• Fundamentals of Rumi’s Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective by Sefik Can (ed. and trans. by Zeki Saritoprak) (New Jersey: The Light, 2004. 317 pages.) by Tourage, Mahdi (2005.0) - The author generalizes Rumi’s views by explaining the differences between the sexes through a recourse to scientific “facts,” then compares the improved status of women in Islam to other religions and societies. The section subtitled “Women” immediately catches one’s eye, because it is rare to find an exposition of this topic in stud- ies on Rumi. Keywords: book; rumi; views
• With Reverence for the Word: Medieval Scriptural Exegesis in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Barry D. Walfish, and Joseph W. Goering, eds. (USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. 488 pages.) by Geissinger, Aisha (2005.0) - However, the reader arguably learns more about why classical Qur’anic exegetical works may be seen as falling short by some moderns (who naturally bring different questions and concerns to these texts than medieval Muslims) than about what exactly the medieval Qur’anic interpreters were trying to achieve and how they went about doing so. Part 1, which contains 10 chapters on medieval Jewish exegesis, is arguably the most vibrant portion of this book. Keywords: book; chapters; exegesis; qur’anic
• A War on Terror: Afghanistan and After by Paul Rogers (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2004. 210 pages.) by Muhibullah, Ja’far (2005.0) - the US is failing to understand the root causes of the support for para- military organizations like al-Qaida and, in turn, is failing to offer any real solution for undercutting them and establishing real global security. It is with this intellectual back- ground that he intends to analyze and understand what is happening in the Middle East (as events occur vis-à-vis “real time”) and predict future impli- cations of Bush’s “war on terror” (p. 2). Keywords: book; war
• Arab-American Faces and Voices: The Origins of an Immigrant Community by Elizabeth Boosahda (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. 288 pages.) by Sarroub, Loukia K. (2005.0) - Arab-American Faces and Voices: The Origins of an Immigrant Community offers a detailed history of the lives of Arab immigrants in 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1 Worcester, Massachusetts. The annotated suggested reading list and the list of organi- zations, collections, and exhibits provide excellent resources and docu- mentation of Arab community life and activism in the United States. Keywords: arab; book; community
• An Introduction to Islam: By David Waines (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 2d ed., 367 pages.) by Rustom, Mohammed (2004.0) - The book also includes a map that features the most important cities in Islamic civilization, along with more than 20 black-and-white photographs of the many cultural faces of Islam, the different types of mosques found throughout the Muslim world, and several exquisite stylized pages from the Qur’an. With remarkable ease and accuracy, the author elucidates the historical development and main features of Islamic law in both its the- ory and practice. Keywords: book; islamic; waines
• The Arab Mind: By Raphael Patai Long Island City, (New York: Hatherleigh Press, 2002. rev. ed. 466 pages.) by Mozaffar, Omer M. (2004.0) - I have not discussed the largest sections of his book, his portrayal of the savage intensity of Arab sexuality and his reductionist analysis of Arabic stagnation, because the former is the most famous aspect of his text and the latter contains little analysis and many quotations. In his opinion, Bedouins are a foundation for Arab society, ethos, and mythology. Keywords: arab; book; patai
• Pride, Faith, and Fear: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa by Charlotte A. Quinn and Frederick Quinn (USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. 175 pages.) by Mabrook, Ali (2004.0) - 164 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3 Pride, Faith, and Fear: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Charlotte A. Quinn and Frederick Quinn USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. Addressing the crisis of Islam or of Muslims, in fact, the book does not neglect the glorious past of Islam in Africa. Keywords: africa; book
• The Poetics of Islamic Legitimacy: Myth, Gender, and Ceremony in the Classical Arabic Ode by Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002. 383 pages.) by Hartman, Michelle (2004.0) - Its rigorous approach to reading poetry and specific interest in the ways in which Arabo-Islamic authority was created and maintained means that it will be of interest to scholars in an array of disci- plines in Islamic studies, especially historians. In The Poetics of Islamic Legitimacy, Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych effectively debunks the myth that the classical Arabic panegyric ode 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:2 (qasidat al-madh) is merely a descriptive, prescriptive, or sycophantic poetic genre by demonstrating its dynamic engagements with what she terms “Arabo-Islamic court life.” Keywords: book; islamic
• The Postcolonial Arabic Novel: Debating Ambivalence by Muhsin Jassim Al-Musawi (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2003. 432 pages.) by Babana-Hampton, Safoi (2004.0) - Muhsin Jassim Al-Musawi’s book offers a fresh contribution not only to studies in Arabic literature but also to postcolonial critique, cultural crit- icism, comparative literature, and cross-cultural studies. Al-Musawi transposes these key postcolo- nial motifs and insights to the realm of Arabic literature in order to reveal important dimensions of the contemporary Arabic novel. Keywords: arabic; book; novel; postcolonial
• Globalization or Recolonization: The Muslim World in the 21st Century by Ali Mohammadi and Muhammad Ahsan (London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd, 2002. 196 pages.) by Yenigiin, Hali! Ibrahim (2003.0) - 178 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Globalization or Recolonization?: Besides calling the Muslims' attention to this disconcerting plethora of problems, the authors master­ fully document how the myth of interdependence fades away, notwith­ standing evidence of the unequal treatment by the global economic and 180 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 for the ummah 's current state, they do not specify how these factors cause the result. Keywords: book; ummah
• Holy Land, Whose Land: Modern Dilemma, Ancient Roots? by Dorothy Drummond (Seattle: Educare Press, 2002. 326 pages.) by lstrabadi, Zaineb (2003.0) - 208 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Holy Land, Whose Land: Modern Dilemma, Ancient Roots? For example, when she talks about the 1956 Israeli attack on Egypt, she fails 210 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 prejudice, and in her genuine attempt to be unbiased in that she blames all sides for the mistakes made. Keywords: book
• Doctrines of Shi'i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices by Ayatullah Ja'far Sobhani (tr. and ed Reza Shah Kazemi) (London and New York: l B. Tauris Publishers and the Institute of Isma'ili Studies, 2001. 240 pages.) by Faghfoory, Mohammad H. (2003.0) - The author is a Qur'anic commentator, a prolific writer, a biographer of the Prophet and Imam 'Ali, and has written several books on theology and jurisprudence. 119 The growing interest in Shi'ism in the western world since the Iranian rev­ olution has resulted in the publication of numerous books and articles on Shi' i f slam. Keywords: book; shi'i; sobhani
• Wholeness and Holiness in Education: An Islamic Perspective by Zahra Al Zeera (UK: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, and Biddles Limited, 2001. 158 pages.) by Ibrahim, Zeinab (2003.0) - Actually, more elaboration upon such experiences and on the conflicts she faced while studying in Canada would have been appreciated, as such a topic requires that personal experiences be shared, given that they are not limited to one person but rather to millions of individuals. Zeera is to be commended for presenting this topic in a scholarly way in order to address the crucial issue of the “nature of educational systems in the East” and the severe absence of dialectical thinking. Keywords: book; islamic
• Understanding Fundamentalism: Christian, Islamic, and Jewish Movements by Richard T. Antoun (Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press, 2001. 181 pages.) by Gilliat-Ray, Sophie (2003.0) - So, for example, he suggests that Muslim fundamentalism is driven by outrage at western cultural and economic pen- etration; Jewish fundamentalism draws its energy from the anti-Semitism of eastern and central Europe during the late nineteenth and twentieth century; Christian fundamentalism, especially in America, has reacted to the ideol- ogy of patriotic and progressive Protestantism, the claims of positivist sci- ence as reflected in biblical criticism, and the doctrine of evolution. These criticisms aside, this book lives up to its title and will help read- ers grasp some of the conceptual, linguistic, and analytical tools necessary to pursue their interest in religious fundamentalism. Keywords: antoun; book; fundamentalism
• Worlds of Difference: European Discourses of Toleration C. 1100-C. 1550 by Cary J. Nederman (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000. 157 pages.) by Butterworth, Charles E. (2003.0) - He pursues the debates and activities that took place in the schools of Yahya ibn ‘Adi and Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Basri, the circles of Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani and the Vizier Abu ‘Abd Allah ibn Sa‘dan, as well as the group known as the Sincere Brethren associated with Abu Sulayman al-Maqdisi. In addition, he profiles such scholars, patrons, and rulers as Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, Abu ‘Ali ibn Miskawayh, Abu al-Hasan al-Amiri, and even ‘Adud al-Dawla. Keywords: book; christian; philosopher; toleration
• Islam in Global History: By Nazeer Ahmed (Concord, California: American Institute of Islamic History and Culture, 2000. 861 pages.) by Erfan, Niaz (2002.0) - This is because, as the reader discovers, it is not merely a chronicle of events of the Muslim world from the advent of Islam to the end of the World War I; it is a book which provides insights into the causes of the victories and defeats of dynasties as well as successes and failures of movements in Islamic history, and lays down the laws for the rise and fall of civilizations. It is to the author's credit that such a comprehensive and coher­ ent work on Islamic history has been produced. Keywords: book; history
• An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres: By Youcef Bedjaoui, Abbas Aroua, Meziane Ait-Larbi, eds. (Geneva: Hoggar Books, 1999. 1,473 pages.) by Chak, Farhan Mujahid (2002.0) - Further disturbing, this charge against the Algerian authorities becomes increasingly credible against the backdrop of the hideous record of rape, tor­ ture and mutilation perpetrated by Algerian mjlitary authorities, well docu­ mented by independent human rights monitors and reputable reporters. Amidst this confusing scenario, An lnqui!J' into the Algerian Massacres provides a clear analysis of the beastly culprits. Keywords: book
• I Saw Ramallah: By Mourid Barghouti, Ahdaf Soueif (translator). (American University in Cairo Press, 2001. 184 pages.) by Muallem, Ariege (2001.0) - Crossing the bridge invokes more emotions in him than actually standing on Palestinian soil for the first time in thirty years. I Saw Ramal/ah is about Barghouti's much-awaited journey to his homeland after thirty years of exile. Keywords: barghouti; book; years
• Conquered Populations in Early Islam: Non-Arabs, Slaves and the Sons of Slave Mothers: (by Elizabeth Urban) by Anchassi, Omar (2021.0) - 9 Harald Motzki, “The Muṣannaf of ʿ Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī as a Source of Authentic Aḥādīth of the First Century A.H.,” JNES 50 (1991): 1-21. 1 ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī (d. 211/826), Muṣannaf ʿ Abd al-Razzāq, ed. Keywords: abū; book; e s; islamic; s s; slave; university; urban
• Routes to Writing in Southern Africa: By Brenda Leibowitz and Yasien Mohamed. (Cape Town, South Africa: Silk Road International Publishers, 2001. p. 285. ISBN 1-875047-050) by Haque, Amber (2001.0) - ISBN 1-875047-050 Writing is certainly one of man's greatest inventions, and good writing is a skill which elevates one's position in the society of the learned. While in the first part of the chapter, the author employs exploratory narratives on various academic issues, the second part deals with analytic style, reflecting upon the main issues addressed in the narratives and pointing out that developing good writing involves a very sophisticated and multi-pronged approach that takes time but can be achieved through practice. Keywords: author; book; students; writing
• Iranian Cities: Formation and Development by Masoud Kheirabadi, (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000, 89 pp.) by Faghfmry, Mohammad (2000.0) - Taking all these into consideration, Kheirabadi studies the processes of the for­ mation and development of Iranian cities in relation to three sets of factors: the physical; the commercial and economic; and the religious and sociopolitical. The book is arranged in accor­ dance with the priority and importance of factors that contributed to the emer­ gence of Iranian cities. Keywords: book; cities; city; factors; iran; physical
• Passport Photos: By Amitava Kumar, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000, 308 pp. by Mir, Raza (2000.0) - Book Reviews Passport Photos Amitava Kumar, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000,308 PP- What does it mean to be a migrant, to be itinerant, to forever engage in a “dialogue of civilization”? In his bold new book Passport Photos, Amitava Kumar, a professor of English at the University of Florida, examines some of the problems faced by diasporic communities through the study of an important document, the passport. Keywords: book; kumar; passport; words
• Beyond the Dependency Culture: People, Power and Responsibility by James Robertson, Twickenham, England: Adamantine Press Limited, 1998, 217 pp. by Anees, Munawar A. (1999.0) - Robertson’s hypothesis is that “industrial society may develop towards the kind of post-industrial society in which peo- ple will be less, not more, dependent on money and jobs and public services.” According to Robertson, “the conflict between these two competing visions of post-industrial society can be seen ... as the motor force which is driving the post-modem evolution” @. xvi). Keywords: book; future; revolution; robertson; society
• The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern 1492-1800 by Robin Blackburn. London and New York, 1998. 602 pp. by Hunt, Sylvia J. (1999.0) - What particularly distinguished colonial slavery from that of earlier times was the sheer size, organization, and influence of the system: The ‘‘acquisition of some twelve million captives on the coast of Africa between 1500 and 1870 helped to make possible the construction of one of the largest systems of slavery in human history” (p. 3). Robin Blackburn's mighty tome talces readers on a historical journey through three hundred years of colonial slavery in the New World. Keywords: americas; author; book; slavery; slaves
• Megamedia: How Giant Corporations Dominate Mass Media, Distort Competition, and Endanger Democracy by Dean Alger. Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998, 277 pp. by McCarron, Kevin (1999.0) - nK overall picture of media control that Alger paints is a disturbing one. For Alger, a matter of even greater concern is that mass media have increasing- ly become the property of huge corporate conglomerates that he defines as ‘‘a cor- poses” @p. Keywords: alger; book; mass; media; public
• Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology? by Khaleefa, Omar (1999.0) - The present study, however, attempts to show that Ibn al-Haytham laid the foundations of the above aspects of the experimental method. This study shows that in the eleventh century, Ibn al-Haytham made an original contribution to the study of vision, wherein his psychophysics borrowed its structure from physics and its spirit from psychology. Keywords: bacon; book; eye; fechner; founder; haytham; history; ibn al; method; object; optics; perception; psychology; psychophysics; sabra; science; sensation; sight; study; vision
• Harvest of Rage: Why Oklahoma City Is Only the Beginning By Joel Dyer, Colorado and Oxford: Westview Press, 1997, 292 pp. by McCarron, Kevin (1999.0) - “The Seeds of Influence” focuses on the nature and beliefs of these numerous, primarily right-wing Christian groups which have proliferat- ed throughout rural America in recent years, in particular those influenced by “Christian Identity” beliefs. He writes: Farmers and others in rural America aren’t like the rest of us who make our way in the cities and suburbs. Keywords: america; book; christian; dyer; groups; identity; rural
• The AIDS Crisis: An Islamic Sociocultural Perspective by Malik Badri, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 1997. by Watanabe, Sabeena M. (1998.0) - Imams were invited from provincial areas to participate in a workshop of the Islamic model of AIDS prevention. As to the role of sex education and AIDS prevention, Badri believes that sex education should be taught along with wudhu and prayers by the Islamic stud- ies teachers. Keywords: aids; badri; book; islamic
• Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Individual and Organizational Development by D. W. Sue et al., Multicultural Aspects of Counseling Series, no. 11, series ed. Paul Anderson, London and New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998, xiv + 161 pp. by Shoaee, R. Sarah (1998.0) - This book is a valuable publication for training counselors and psychothera­ pists, as well as a useful tool for those interested in developing a therapeutic model based on the teachings of Islam for working with Muslim clients. The book discusses in detail the characteristics of multiculturalism and sug­ gests models to bring change to the organizational level; it has the potential to encourage much-needed attention to Abrahamic traditions, and in particular to Islam, and it can provide a favorable background for Islamization efforts in psychology and counseling and for the treatment of Muslim clients. Keywords: american; book; clients; counselors
• Globalization: Theory and Practice by Eleonore Kofman and Gillian Youngs, editors. Pinter: 1996. xii + 339 pp. by Burmester, Brent (1998.0) - It is still too early for books such as this to dis­ pense with debate and opposition to globalization, both in theory and practice. Globalization is a subject about which it is very easy to write copiously and badly. Keywords: authors; book; globalization; theory
• Pakistan Chronicle: By Sir Morrice James. London: Hurst & Company, 1993, 242 pp. by Banu, U.A.B. Razia Akter (1997.0) - “It was a high watermark in Indo-Pakistan relations, not reached again in the lifetime of either of them” and without this treaty the then West Pakistan (now the entirety of Pakistan) would have suffered the same fate as East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) whose northern and southern parts have dried up due to the effect of Farakka Dam constructed by India. Unfortunately, the then central government of Pakistan was less enthusiastic in resolving the water dispute of East Pakistan with India. Keywords: author; ayub; bhutto; book; pakistan
• The Restoration and Conservation of Islamic Monuments in Egypt: Edited by Jere L. Bacharach. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1995, ix + 194 pp. by Elwazani, Salim A. (1996.0) - Erudik writ- ing shows in such essays as Biennan’s, Abd El-Zaher A. Abo El-Ela’s “‘The Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Mosque of al-Azhar and the Complex of al-Ghuri,” Phillip Speiser’s “The Egyptian-German Restora- tion of Darb al-Qirmiz, Cairo,” and Saleh Lamei’s However, opportunities to strengthen 578 preservation efforts also benefited from sympathetic organizations whose endeavors crossed their national borders to support preservation projects in other countries. Keywords: book; egypt; islamic; monuments; preservation
• Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World: Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi‘. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996, xii + 370 pp. by Smith, Charles D. (1996.0) - Abu-Rabi’ stresses Q q W s commitment to ijtihad as the basis of a “dynamicfiqh,” using the bases of Islamic thought and belief to both reject constructs based on Islamic philosophy and those reflecting western intel- lectual models; Islam should rely on what Abu-Rabi’ calls a new theology that has major ideological implications for Islamic society. Influenced by Foucault, he argues that the question of epistemo- logical acts and thresholds, of conceptual ruptures in the development of ideas, must be countered by the reality of continuities in Islamic thought, by the fact of an ongoing Islamic discourse whose exposition may change according to historical circumstances but whose essence and focus of con- cern remain constant (pp. 5-6). Keywords: abu; book; islamic; qu.tb; rabi; thought
• Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook Yahya R. Kamalipour and Hamid Mowlana, eds. Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1994, 333 pp. by El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (1996.0) - Such new technologies like satellite transmission are making the task of media control more difficult, but the governments are adapting fast. For example, one is told very innocently that “mass media in the UAE follows a dualistic s t r u c c u ~ wherein print media are privately owned, and electronic media, including the official news agency, Emirates News Agency (WAM) are government owned.” Keywords: book; east; mass; media; middle
• Sharia: Its Substance and Significance By Muhammad Abdur-Rahim Dalvi. 1994, 280 pp. by Taher, Mohamed (1996.0) - He has done the job very well and has highlighted the contributions of Imam Shafi'i, which have remained concealed in the dormitories of a few academics or with scholars who kept it to themselves, for all those who had no access to primary materials or who are new to the study and research in the field of Islamic law and others. Readers should not view it as an attempt to undermine other schools of law or as an attempt to reject the other views of Islamic jurispurdence. Keywords: book; law
• Central Asia Reader: The Rediscovery of History H.B. Paksoy, ed. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994. 206 pp. by Juraev, Farkhad S. (1995.0) - Therefore, the chapter’s chronology of the history of Turkic nations in Central Asia does not correspond to the facts, nor does it attempt to identify Turans with Turkic on the basis of the Shah-nama. Arguing that the political history of the Turkic nations extends backwards for more than two thousand years (p. 4), Malikov calls for the right of Turkic peoples to seek unification without fear of being charged with advocating “Pan-Turkism” (p. 6). Keywords: asia; book; central; history; soviet; turkic
• Beyond the Khyber Pass: The Road to British Disaster in the First Afghan War by John H. Waller. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990, 329 + xxxiii pp. by Khalidi, Omar (1995.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12:2 Book Review Beyond the Khyber Pass: The Road to British Disaster in the First Afghan War By John H. Waller. This thirty-chapter book is the story of the British failure in Afghanistan in the 1840s, as Britain competed with Czarist Russia for strategic advantage in Central Asia. Keywords: book; british
• Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality By Pervez Hoodbhoy. London: Zed Books, Ltd., 1991, 158 pp. by Basha, Ahmad F. (1993.0) - u s l y or otherwise, pl Ghadi 's positive views tawards methtmatics and natural sciences in particular. Those were bad times for the country in general, and academics in particular ... numerous charlatans and sycophants, responding to the regime's rhetoric of Islamization, had seized the reins of society and s et for themselves the task of Islamizing everything in sight, including science. Keywords: book; hoodbhoy; islamic; science
• Islam and the West: The Moriscos, a Cultural and Social History By Anwar G. Chejne. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983, 248 pp. by Benaboud, M’hammad (1992.0) - For example, he expressed his opinion of the state of the Moriscos with eloquence: The Morisco, like his Mudejar ancestors, witnessed abrupt and shattering change within a lifetime. He sometimes relies on a meticulous textual analysis, as in the section entitled ”Morisco Polemics: Aljamiado Manu- script BNM4944” (pp. 85-95). Keywords: book; chejne; moriscos
• Law and Islam in the Middle East: By Daisy Hilse Dwyer (ed). Law and Islam in the Middle Fast. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990, 168 pp. by Abou El Fadl, Khaled (1992.0) - The basic arguments of the book raise the issue of the context of law and the role of Islamic law in the Middle East. The form and impact of Islamic law varies according to the specific regional and cultural context . Keywords: book; context; east; law; middle
• Islamic Spain 1250-1500: By L. P. Harvey. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991, 400 pp. by Benaboud, M'hammad (1992.0) - By linking the Mudejars with the Andalusian Muslims of Granada, he presents the question of Andalusian history during the latter part of its development in a new light. The author adopts a cyclical approach in the sense that he traces the creation of the Ban6 NaSr kingdom in Granada, its development, and its decline and fall. Keywords: author; book; granada; history
• The Islamic Theory of International Relations: New Directions for Islamic Methodology and Thought By AbdulHamid AbuSulayman. (Islamization of Knowledge, series 3, no. 1). Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1987, 184 pp. by Perry, Glenn E. (1992.0) - Instead of constituting a model which must be followed under all circumstances and in all times, such events are ex- plained in terms of the Prophet’s “realism, with its wide margin of political maneuverability” (p. 98), thus putting classical Islamic rules relating to such matters as ri& andjizyah in a new light. The author distinguishes between the Shari’ah and fiqh (writings of Islamic jurists), which he maintains has been inaccumtely considered to be “law in itself and not a secondary source of Islamic law” @. 4). Keywords: book; international; islamic
• Why Our Children Are Killing Themselves: By Mauri Saalakhan. Beltsville: Pub. Writers Inc., 1990, 99pp. by Danish, Ishtiyaque (1991.0) - The book is a sociopsychological study of an America afflicted by drug abuse, a curse which has hit American children especially hard. The book will definitely arouse people’s conscience and make them realize their responsibilities with regard to the eradication of drug addiction, a plague which has robbed many American young people of their innocence and turned their hearts of gold into black and cold stones. Keywords: american; book; drug
• The Sublime Qur'an and Orientalism: By Muhammad Khalifa. Karachi: International Islamic Publishers (Pvt.) Ltd., 1989, 262pp., second edition. by Kidwai, A. R. (1991.0) - More serious is the lack of any reference to a host of orientalists' writings on the philological and lexical aspects of the Qur'an, namely Baljon's Modern Muslim Quran Interpretation (1961), Torrey's The Commercial-Theological Terms in the Quran (1892), Watt's 168 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. The theme of the so-called Judea-Christian antecedants of the Qur'an is taken up in Khalifa's book, but he appears to have overlooked some quite significant writings in English on the subject: Hirschfeld (1902), Horovitz's Jewish Proper Names and Derivatives in the Koran (1964), Katsh's Judaism in Islam: Biblical and Talmudic Backgrounds of the Quran and Its Commentaries (1954), and O'Shaughnessy's The Development of the Meaning of Spirit in the &ran (1953). Keywords: book; qur'an
• Saṭwat al-Naṣ: Khiṭāb al-Azhar wa Azmat al-Ḥukm (By Basma Abdel Aziz) by Amasha, Muhammad (2021.0) - Though occupying what is arguably the highest Sunni authority, al-Tayyeb has been neglected by most scholars in the field, and the few accounts on al-Azhar focus on the coup’s impact on al-Azhar’s authority rather than primarily analyzing al-Tayyeb’s political interventions. American Journal of Islam and Society.indb 223 Saṭwat al-Naṣṣ: Khiṭāb al-Azhar wa Azmat al-Ḥukm G I Z A : S E F S A F A P U B L Keywords: author; azhar; book
• Timeless or Timely? Vantage Points of Mosque Design by Gaber, Tammy (2017.0) - As a concluding note, this aptly focuses on the need for mosque spaces to contain places for dialogue and for art, as well as for artists and objects to have agency. Instead of dwelling nostalgically on ex- terior aesthetics, it questions the principles and notions of defining and creating mosque spaces. Keywords: architecture; art; author; book; cairo; design; islamic; mosque; points; prayer; research; scholarship; section
• Islamic Architecture: A World History: (By Eric Broug) by Gaber, Tammy (2024.0) - The images in the chapter then follow the ordering of 11th-18th century examples of gates, madrasas, tombs, mausoleums, a small zawiya (religious educational insti- tution) from Morocco followed by a similar range of examples from the 9th -17th centuries from Tunisia, and a range of very remote and vernacular structures to prominent institutions from the remaining African countries noted in this chapter including the 13th century earthen great mosque of Djenne in Mali and the beautifully sensitive 21st century Hikma mosque in Dandaji, Niger designed by Mariam Kamara and Yasaman Esmaili. In 2013, his densely insightful and instructive Islamic Geometric Design1 progressed from the work-book model he had previously published and included beautiful photographs of details from historical mosques and Islamic buildings from around the world. Keywords: book; buildings; century; chapter; examples; mosque
• ajiss-3765 by None (None) - Interestingly, the interviewees also referenced the symbolic value of mahr, such as the use of 5 gold coins symbolizing the five members of Ahl al-Bayt, which reflects a continued connection to Shiʿi religious practices even as they seek to modify the practice (pp. 259-260). It highlights how material objects, such as sacred soil, played a key role in the formation of Shiʿi religious tradition and collective memory. Keywords: book; chapter; culture; material; materiality; objects; practices; religion; rituals; sacred; shiʿi
• The Arab Spring: The Hope and Reality of the Uprisings, 2nd ed. By Mark L. Haas and David W. Lesch (eds.) (Boulder: Westview Press, 2016. 338 pages.) by Wani, Nazar Ul Islam (2019.0) - The first part, consisting of seven chapters, deals with the uprisings in Arab countries; part two, consisting of six chapters, discusses the impact of the Arab Spring on the non-Arab world and their core interests related to the uprisings. The Arab Spring was a series of protests which took place in Arab countries against longstanding dictatorial regimes, because of the latter’s inability or refusal to deliver socio-economic and political justice to the common 99 masses. Keywords: book; spring; syria; uprisings
• Disagreements of the Jurists: A Manual of Islamic Legal Theory by Amin, Yasmin (2017.0) - Book Reviews 137 ajiss34-3-final_ajiss 8/16/2017 1:01 PM Page 137 The “Introduction” acquaints the reader with al-Qadi al-Nu‘man and this work, providing a bibliography of his other books. The book starts with “The Provenance of this Book” and states that the begin- ning of all manuscripts show a short text by al-Qadi al-Nu‘man to demonstrate that it was passed down from his father and grandfather. Keywords: book; nu‘man; sunni
• Essential Concepts in Sociology: Anthony Giddens and Philip Sutton (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2014. 240 pages.) by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (2017.0) - Such an organized profile may allow one to say that this book is not only a brief dictionary of sociological concepts, but also a thought-provoking ref- erence work that makes an important contribution to the knowledge acquisi- tion of basic constituents of sociology itself as a scientific discipline. In terms of concept relevance, recent global social changes have led more to states of uncertainty and less reliance on habitual ways of life. Keywords: authors; book; concepts; sociology
• Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning: Encountering Our Legal Other By Anver M. Emon, ed. (London: Oneworld, 2016. 273 pages.) by Afridi, Mehnaz M. (2017.0) - Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning opens up deeply complex and glar- ing issues of interpretation, authority of interpretation, and the historical con- ditions of reading sacred text, especially for religious law. In the final chapter, “The Social Life of Reason” by Robert Gibbs, the reader is left with some good questions and open-ended ways to read one another’s texts in today’s challenge of religious law and secularism. Keywords: book; chapter; law
• Face Politics: By Jenny Edkins (New York: Routledge, 2015. 230 pages.) by Bullock, Kathy (2016.0) - Her interest in the New York posters spun off into an inquiry about missing persons more generally, and the current book grew out of a shift from an interest in images of the face to a “more substantive exploration of face politics” (p. xv). Chapter 2, “Moving Faces,” takes us into neuroscience, including what happens to people who have paralyzed faces that cannot show emotion (Mӧbius Syndrome), exploring scientific evidence as to whether or not we can read emotion from facial expression, the science around people’s ability to mirror facial emotional expressions, and artistic work exploring a connection between humans and inanimate objects. Keywords: book; face; politics
• Shared Stories, Rival Tellings: Early Encounters of Jews, Christians, and Muslims By Robert C. Gregg (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 713 pages.) by Afridi, Mehnaz M. (2016.0) - The comparisons and stories of these faiths raise questions of intertextuality of sacred texts due to the contact and exchange that all three faiths had stem- ming from the same geographic areas and sharing traditions from prayers to circumcision. “What are the differences and similarities between the early encounter and pivotal stories of the Abrahamic faiths?” is the main question underlying this engaging academic book. Keywords: book; gregg; sarah; stories
• Contemplation and Craft in Turkish Material Arts by Gaber, Tammy (2016.0) - The unusual aspect connecting these four books is not the fact that they share the same publisher or even the same general scope of Turkish arts, but that they have been authored by practicing artists who have featured some of their original works between their covers. Sharing the same physical dimensions as the previous two books, as well has the same photography and art directors, this book is similar in the layout of material arts study by the artist/author. Keywords: art; arts; author; book; illumination; ottoman; turkish
• The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East By Kishwar Rizvi (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. 253 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2016.0) - Surprisingly, two new mosques are introduced here, both winners of past AKAA cycles: Pakistan’s Bhong Mosque and Bosnia’s Šeref- udin White Mosque, which, she states, responded to the clients’ needs and tastes. International patronage discussed included the Shrine of Sayidda Zaynab and the Sayidda Ruqqayya Shrine and Mosque, both of which are in Damascus. Keywords: architecture; argument; book; chapter; mosque

• Traditional Islamic Environmentalism: The Vision of Seyyed Hossein Nasr By Tarik M. Quadir (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2013.) by Anjum, Ovamir (2015.0) - Nasr’s own teachings are grounded in the perennialist philosophy, which claims to be Traditionalist with the capital “T.” Since it is based in no actual religion, perennialists dig into religious traditions for their essence, which they insist consists of three principles: the Unity of the Supreme Principle, the Hi- erarchic structure of Reality, and the Ultimate meaningfulness or purposeful- ness of all things in the universe. Nasr’s view that most pre-modern traditions shared a deep sense of reverence for nature, or divine handiwork, is quite defensible; however, this does not necessarily justify his more specific contentions. Keywords: chapter; nasr; religion; traditions
• Islam and the Challenge of Civilization: By Abdulwahab Meddeb (translated Jane Kuntz) (New York: Fordham University Press, 2013. 175 pages.) by Rufai, Saheed Ahmad (2014.0) - (p. 4) instead of dhakira as “memory,” al-quwwa al-ma’ani (p. 4) instead of quwwa al- ma’ani as the power of discrimination, and “familiarized” (p. 4) instead of fa- miliar “meaning” as al-ma’ani al-ma’lufa, for “familiarized” is better translated in this context as mu’taada. The impli- cation of this unfortunate state is analyzed in chapter 4, “Civilization or Extinction,” which addresses the fundamentalists’ actions and their implications as to how they affect people’s “understanding of Islam as a complex historical phenomenon” (p. 49). Keywords: author; chapter; islamic; nature
• The Islamic Utopia: The Illusion of Reform in Saudi Arabia By Andrew Hammond (London: Pluto Press, 2012. 240 pages.) by Sabet, Amr (2014.0) - In fact, as Hammond points out, many of these reforms have been nothing but “window dressing … driven entirely by the desire to protect the extraordinary powers of the Saudi royal family,” as well as by a felt necessity to appease the Americans (p. 150). These clerics, the pre- sumed guardians of the moral society, continue to give the Saud family a free hand when it comes to dealing with the higher issues of state, for the latter’s alliance with the clerics grants them the legitimacy they need (p. 65). Keywords: chapter; hammond; saudi
• The Triumph of Mercy: Philosophy and Scripture in Mulla Sadra By Mohammed Rustom (New York: State University of New York Press, 2012. 243 pages.) by Ali, Mukhtar H. (2014.0) - Muhammad Rustom’s outstanding The Triumph of Mercy is a beautifully written study on the celebrated Islamic philosopher Mulla Sadra (d. 1050/1640). The author presents the essence of Sadra’s thought in the context of Tafsīr Sūrat al-Fātiḥah, his commentary on the Qur’an’s opening chapter, and discusses his methodology, influences, and spiritual outlook. Keywords: chapter; qur’an; sadra
• The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History: By Touraj Daryaee, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 398 pages.) by Ebrahimian, Mojtaba (2013.0) - Narrating the history of a nation from approximately 1,000,000 BCE to 2009 CE in 389 pages is a daunting and noteworthy task undertaken by the scholars who have contributed to The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. This col- lection of sixteen short essays by distinguished anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and philologists of the Iranian world divides Iranian history into three general periods: ancient, medieval, and modern. Keywords: chapter; empire; history; iran; iranian
• Islam and Christianity: Theological Themes in Comparative Perspective By John Renard (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. 344 pages.) by Shafi, Sophia Rose (2013.0) - For those of us in the latter group of scholars, fiqh, tafs¥r, isnŒd, ma- dhŒhib, ijtihŒd, and kalŒm are familiar terms, while sacramental theology, Mariology, systematic theology, and practical theology may cause a wrinkling of the brow and an inquiry to a colleague who teaches such matters. While his single paragraph on Shi‘i theology, placed before the standard closing comparative piece, is a bit brief, at least it is there (more than one can say of many Islamic scholars who focus on one sub-tradition or another, as if it were the only community in history). Keywords: chapter; islamic; renard; theology
• Herbal Medicine in Yemen: Traditional Knowledge and Practice, and Their Value for Today’s World By Ingrid Hehmeyer and Hanne Schönig, eds. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2012. 249 pages.) by Morrow, John Andrew (2013.0) - Chapter 10, Ulrike Lindequist’s “A Pharmacist’s View of the Potential Value to Modern Medicine of Plants and Fungi Used by Traditional Medicine in Yemen,” reports that “extracts of 108 species (about 60 percent of the whole number tested) showed one or more remarkable biological activities” (p. 187). Chapter 6, Ester Muchawsky-Schnappers “Healing through Medicinal Plants,” overviews the Jewish Yemenites’ me- dicinal treatments prior to their mass migration to Israel around 1950. Keywords: chapter; coffee; medicine; yemen
• Religion and Revolution: Spiritual and Political Islam in Ernesto Cardenal By John Andrew Morrow (Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012. hbk. 339 pages.) by Sekaleshfar, F. B. (2013.0) - The narrative is the story of Reverend Father Ernesto Cardenal, a Nicaraguan revolutionary Christian priest who had progressively acquired some spiritual and revolutionary interests in Islam after visiting certain Middle Eastern countries, especially Iran. Whether Cardenal is seen as merely a medium for Morrow to express his own findings on Sufism and Iran or as an end in itself is up to the reader. Keywords: cardenal; chapter; iran
• Islamic Spectrum in Java: By Timothy Daniels (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2009. hbk. 210 pages) by Sunardi, Christina (2011.0) - Daniels dedicates other chapters to other cultural forms. This book identifies a broad range of desirable futures projected by Javanese Muslims, as well as a range of beliefs and practices that comprise Javanese Islam (12). Keywords: chapter; daniels; javanese
• War on Sacred Grounds: By Ron E. Hassner (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009. hbk. 222 pages) by Naama, Ben Ami (2011.0) - Chapter 5, “Mismanaging Conflicts over Sacred Spaces,” is devoted to an analysis of failure to resolve such conflicts. He also describes his own ap- proach and other approaches to the study of holy places. Keywords: chapter; conflicts; jerusalem; places
• Islamic Spectrum in Java: By Timothy Daniels, Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2009. hbk. 210 pages by Sunardi, Christina (2011.0) - Daniels dedicates other chapters to other cultural forms. This book identifies a broad range of desirable futures projected by Javanese Muslims, as well as a range of beliefs and practices that comprise Javanese Islam (12). Keywords: chapter; daniels; javanese
• Sufis in Western Society: Global Networking and Locality by Markus Dressler, Ron Geaves, and Gritt Klinkhammer, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2009. hbk. 207 pages) by Bazzano, Elliott (2011.0) - Since there are many non-Muslim Sufi groups in Western societies, and since living tradition, authority and authenticity are major emphases of the book, the absence of a chapter explicitly treating non-Muslim Sufis is conspicuous. Moreover, although Sedgwick, Dressler and others do make references to non-Muslim Sufism, there is virtually no attention given to non-Muslim Sufi groups in the volume. Keywords: chapter; sufi; sufism; volume
• Homosexuality in Islam: Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Muslims by Scott Siraj al-Haqq Kugle (Oxford: Oneworld, 2010. pbk 335 pages) by Rahemtulla, Shadaab (2011.0) - 143Book Reviews Given Kugle’s extensive engagement with the Islamic legal tradition, I was surprised not to find any treatment of homosexuality in Shi’a juris- prudence, despite the fact that he discusses sex-change operations in Iran (263–66), mentions the execution of homosexuals in the Islamic Repub- lic (296), and even raises the possibility of mut’a (temporary marriage) – which is permissible in the Twelver Shi’a school of thought – as a poten- tial, contractual alternative for same-sex Muslim couples (226). Chapter 1, “Islam on Trial: A Case Study” begins with a heated court case concerning a homosexual Moroccan Muslim seeking asylum in the United States, a case in which Kugle acted as an expert witness. Keywords: chapter; islamic; kugle
• A New Introduction to Islam, 2nd ed.: By Daniel W. Brown (West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. pbk. 339 pages) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2011.0) - The book consists of four parts (with seventeen chapters): Part 1, “The Formation of the Islamic Tradition” (six chapters); Part 2, “The Expansion of Islam” (three chapters); Part 3, “Islamic Institutions” (three chapters); and Part 4, “Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History” (five chapters). Part 4, “Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History.” Keywords: chapter; history; islamic
• The Mosque: Political, Architectural, and Social Transformations By Ergun Erkocu and Cihan Bugdaci (Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2009. 192 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2010.0) - Many of the chapters also contextualize issues of mosque design in that country within the larger scope of mosque design in the West. A research coordinator at the Paris-based Columbia University Institute for Scholars, she investigates the return of colonialist approaches to mosque design in Europe that, through regional/historical references, alienate local Muslims. Keywords: chapter; design; mosque; netherlands
• Authentication of Hadith: Redefining the Criteria By Israr Ahmad Khan (Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010. 215 pages.) by Hashim, Ahmed M. (2010.0) - This book attempts to construct criteria whereby one can validate (reject or accept) Prophetic traditions (hadiths) that are considered questionable. Khan gives several useful examples of the potential motives and causes for this practice, such as the political; the desire of certain newly converted communities to introduce them in order to maintain elements of their old faith or for the sake of weakening Islam (if they were internally hostile toward it); the rivalry among activists in the various theological and legal schools of thought to elevate their school’s status; merchants attempting to increase their profits by attaching greater values to their goods by alleging the Prophet’s supposed preference for them; the act of narrating hadiths as a paid profession for storytellers who did not mind inventing hadiths as needed; and, finally, the overenthusiasm of some Muslims toward their religion and their desire to attract non- Muslims to the faith. Keywords: chapter; hadith; khan
• Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centers: Art, Architecture, and Worship by Akel Kahera, Latif Abdulmalik, and Craig Anz (Burlington, MA: Architectural Press, 2009. 112 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2010.0) - Overall, if there had been guidelines and specifications for chapters 4 and 5, truly ground-breaking material on guidelines for applying and deriving geometry in mosque design and embellishment and for the types and design of women’s spaces in mosque would have been provided. Chapter 4, “The Concept of Spaces and Geometry,” delves into the rela- tion to Islam in general and to mosque design specifically. Keywords: chapter; design
• Israelism: Arab Scholarship on Israel, a Critical Assessment by Hassan A. Barari (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2009, 162 pages.) by Ami, Naama Ben (2010.0) - He shows that Arab writings (e.g., those of Hisham Sharabi and Leonard Binder) are subjective and analyzes the underlying assumptions and princi- ples, among them that Israel is a passing episode; that its presence has the 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:2 ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:42 PM In the “Introduction,” Barari explains what prompted him to write this book and provides background information on the Middle East problem; the opinions and approaches of Arab scholars toward Israel; how the outcome of the Six Day War affected scholarly writing about Israel in, for example, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon; and the obstacles that prevent objective writ- ing about Israel. Keywords: arab; chapter; israel
• The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and Their History, a Contribution to the History of Islamic Theology by Ignaz Goldziher (tr. and ed. by Wolfgang Behn) (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008. 227 pages.) by Qadhi, Yasir (2010.0) - While al-Shafi`i criticized the “excesses” of Abu Hanifah’s position on ra’y, he nevertheless allowed for and systemically codified its application in the appropriate situations. In fact, rather commend- ably, the footnote references show that he relied upon Ibn Hazm’s Al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa wa al-Nihal and other unpublished manuscripts. Keywords: chapter; goldziher
• Islam and Disability: Perspectives in Theory and Jurisprudence by Mohammed Ghaly (London and New York: Routledge, 2010. 254 pages.) by Rispler-Chaim, Vardit (2010.0) - Dr. Ghaly’s Islam and Disability is an important contribution to the study of disability in Islamic law and theology, especially since only in recent years (according to Ghaly, since 1997 Chapter 8 focuses on the means provided by Islamic law to financially support people with disabilities, such as nafaqah, waqf ahli and waqf khayri, mahr, and zakat. Keywords: chapter; disability; islamic
• Arguing the Just War in Islam: By John Kelsay (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007. 263 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2010.0) - John Kelsay, in this wonderfully succinct and accessible work, wants to argue that the real issue in discussing jihad is to make sense of legit- imate violence and how it may be deployed, and hence to locate the discourse within an existing discussion about just war theory. I am not generally sym- pathetic to the use of the comparable frame of just war theory because, as a juridical and ethical concept it is rather limited, arising as it does out of a par- ticular politico-theological context of medieval Catholicism. Keywords: chapter; reasoning; war
• iMuslims: Rewiring the House of Islam by Gary R. Bunt (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. 358 pages.) by el-Nawawy, Mohammed (2009.0) - This engagement takes different forms, such as participating in chat rooms, blogging, receiving religious edicts (fatwas) online, and download- ing religious sermons and lectures through various Islamic websites. He does not try to impose his answer, but leaves it to the reader to decide after discussing the various services available through mainstream Islamic websites. Keywords: bunt; chapter; islamic
• In Pursuit of “Islamic Art and Architecture” by Gaber, Tammy (2009.0) - The author, who was born and raised in Egypt, is a professor of Islamic art and archaeology and has published numerous texts on Islamic architecture (especially in Egypt) dur- ing the past two decades. Beginning with eleven chapters on understanding the context of Mamluk architecture, the text continues with a further twelve chapters detailing the specific reign and production of the Mamluk sultans. Keywords: architecture; art; chapter; era; islamic; production
• Islam, Oil and Geopolitics: By Elizabeth van Wie Davis and Rouben Azizian, eds. (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. 288 pages) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2009.0) - Part III (chapters 11-15) deals with the broader geopolitical calculations of regional great powers, including China, India, and Russia (chapters 11, 12, 14, and 15), as well as Iran and Turkey (chapter 13). Part I (chapters 2-7) deals with issues of peace and conflict in Central Asia, including Afghanistan, particularly as permeated by Islamic ideology, currents, and groups. Keywords: central; chapter; china; oil
• Modern Arab Art: Formation of Arab Aesthetics by Nada M. Shabout (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007. 240 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2009.0) - This book endeavors to define a specific term for modern Arab art, which is most often considered a continuation of Islamic or ethnic art or a subordinate copy of western trends. The first chapter, an analytical approach to modern Arab art and an investigation of the background factors leading to the need for such a term, is promising. Keywords: art; artists; chapter
• The Story of the Qur’an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life by Ingrid Mattson (Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. pages 262.) by Girdner, Scott (2008.0) - Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Qur’an as well as a conventional account of pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad. Chapter 2 is an ambitious effort to present the development of the Muslim community dur- ing the years of the Qur’an’s revelation. Keywords: chapter; mattson; qur’an
• Indian Sufism since the Seventeenth Century: Saints, Books, and Empires in the Muslim Deccan by Nile Green (London: Routledge, 2006. 210 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2008.0) - but, I guess, marketing demands this: a book on Indian Sufism will no doubt sell better than one that merely describes itself as a study of Deccan Sufism (it is, in fact, a bit more precise 130 Chapter 1 introduces these Sufis in the age of the new Mughal Empire in the Deccan and focuses on Shah Nur (d. 1692, an interesting Iranian who Book Reviews 129 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk may well have been a Shi`i), the Naqshbandi warrior-saints Shah Palang- posh (d. 1699) and Shah Musafir (d. 1715), and the Chishti Shaykh Nizam al-Din (d. 1729). Keywords: chapter; deccan; sufis
• A Concise History of the Middle East, 8th ed.: By Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and Lawrence Davidson (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2006. 559 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2008.0) - In a discipline rich in studies addressing the multifarious aspects of the Middle East, a publication exploring the region’s history from the pre-Islamic period to the present confronts a fervent contest in establishing itself as a notable work. Advancing into chapter 2, “The Middle East before Muhammad,” a charismatic and informative account of the early era is delivered through a straightforward narrative suited to the target readership. Keywords: chapter; east; history; middle
• The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study By Stuart J. Borsch (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 195 pages.) by Burke, Jeffrey C. (2007.0) - Chapter 6 analyzes the “price and wage ‘scissors’” in medieval Egypt and England. Egypt lost roughly half its total population, taking into account the initial Black Death and subsequent plague outbreaks” (p. 15). Keywords: chapter; egypt; england
• Secularism and Spirituality: Seeking Integrated Knowledge and Success in Madrasah Education in Singapore by Noor Aisha Abdul Rahman and Lai Ah Eng, eds. (Singapore: Institute of Policy Studies & Marshall Cavendish Academic, 2006. 191 pages.) by Hashim, Rosnani (2007.0) - After the introduction by Noor Aishah and Lai Ah Eng, Chee Min Fui focuses on the historical evolution of madrasah education (chapter 1) and Mukhlis Abu Bakar highlights the ten- sion between the state’s interest and the citizens’ right to an Islamic education (chapter 2). During this period, the Council for the Development of the Singapore Muslim Community emerged to help revive madrasah education. Keywords: chapter; education; madrasah
• Islam and the Abolition of Slavery: By William Gervase Clarence-Smith (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 293 pages.) by Haque, Muhammad M. (2007.0) - However, in most cases, Islamic scholars systematically maneuvered the environment in their favor. This book delves into Islam and its connection with slavery in historical and etiological terms by presenting the synthesis in an almost axiomatic manner that “slavery has always been a part and parcel of the basic core and a central tenet of Islam.” Keywords: chapter; islamic; slavery
• Stereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish Society by Daniel Bar-Tal and Yona Teichman (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 502 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2007.0) - From a strong opening chapter, the authors negotiate through twelve chapters adeptly, the most notable of which include chapter 4, “Represen- tation of Arabs in Public Discourse”; chapter 5, “Representation of Arabs in School Textbooks”; and chapter 10, “Studies with Schoolchildren, Adoles- cents, and Young Adults.” Introducing the concept of the “psychological intergroup repertoire,” a theme that is explored throughout the book, chapter 1, “The Psychological Basis of International Relations,” addresses the special influence that stereo- types and prejudice bring to bear on psychological functioning. Keywords: arabs; chapter; conflict; stereotypes
• Muslims and Christians Debate Justice and Love: by David L. Johnston by Bullock, Katherine (2020.0) - Initially misled by the title, I was expecting the book to be a qualitative study based on interviews with Muslims and Christians debating justice and love. We should commend Johnston on bringing together scholarship on these two virtues (justice and love) into a single volume. Keywords: chapter; justice; love
• A History of Islamic Philosophy, 3d ed.: By Majid Fakhry (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 430 pages.) by Mir, Anita (2006.0) - It is in the pres- entation of these debates, more than anywhere else, that we see that while A History of Islamic Philosophy is distinguished from the work of many other grand narrative histories by not being marred by a partisan viewpoint, Fakhry’s is by no means a clinically scientific approach. Fakhry’s scholarship is meticulous, and his style, even when handling the most complex ideas, remains simple and straightforward. Keywords: chapter; fakhry
• Reversing the Colonial Gaze: Persian Travelers Abroad by Hamid Dabashi by Rostampour, Mojtaba (2020.0) - Dabashi textures the successive moments of colonial production and anti- colonial interpretation, calling to reread and revivify the Persian travelogue “at the concluding end of postcoloniality, when minds are decolonized” (258)—a bold, and perhaps premature, resolution to the riddled condition of postcoloniality in the twenty-first century, particularly in Iran. The title itself explicitly demonstrates Dabashi’s determi- nation to overturn the general attitude towards the travelogues under his scrutiny: Whereas “Europe was only part of their travels,” some categorize the Persian travelers for having focalized Europe as their sole destination (ix). Keywords: chapter; dabashi; europe; iran; persian; travelers; travelogue
• Creative Thinking: An Islamic Perspective by Jamal Badi and Mustapha Tajdin (Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic University Malaysia 2004. 248 pages.) by Johnston, David L. (2006.0) - The rest of the book (less than a third) interacts with western thinking on the subject of creativity: discussing the literature (chapter 5) on psychol- ogy (they quote from two encyclopedias), philosophy (two books on creativ- ity theory), pedagogy (how to impart creativity to students), and business and management (the lion’s share of the chapter, mainly because the mate- rial is eminently practical and seeks to train people to become creative in their thinking and apply it to their work); and attempting to integrate philo- sophical language, mind, and thought (chapter 6). The first part is devoted to Islamic civilization’s contribution to human civilization: tafakkur and other Qur’anic words calling for people to think creatively (chapter 1); applying secular “thinking styles” literature to the Qur’an, including the inquisitive, objective, positive, hypothetical, rational, reflective/contemplative, visual, metaphorical, analogical, emotional, per- ceptual, conceptual, intuitive, scientific, and wishful thinking styles (chapter 2); analyzing the concept of ijtihad and its vocation to constantly adapt Islamic law to changing circumstances and find creative solutions to persist- ent socioeconomic and political challenges (chapter 3); and summarizing Muslim contributions to science, philosophy, and medicine (chapter 4). Keywords: chapter; creativity; islamic
• Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance and Despair in the Middle East by Joyce M. Davis (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003. 214 pages.) by Willoughby, Jay (2004.0) - Davis seeks to present a balanced view of terrorism vs. martyrdom, mod- erate vs. radical, the Muslim world vs. the West, and why 9/11 happened. In chapter 1, “A Minister’s Question,” Davis, an African-American practicing Christian, wonders why African-Americans mainly have chosen non-violence, while the self-professed Muslims held responsible for 9/11 chose violence. Keywords: chapter; davis; martyrs
• Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America, and International Terrorism by John K. Cooley (Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2000. 299 pages.) by Hussain, Maria (2003.0) - The Epilogue reflects on the past and future of Islamic terrorism, and concludes with a strange question of “whether Islamists win or lose in tur- bulent, changing societies like that of Iran.” American terrorism against Iraq, Sudan, and Afghanistan, and its support of Israel, are unquestioned as being justified, noble, and necessary, while any attack on western interests or American lives is described with emotionally loaded terms. Keywords: american; author; chapter; states; united
• War at the Top of the World: The Struggle for Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Tibet by Eric Margolis (New York: Routledge, 2000. 250 pages.) by Hussain, Maria (2002.0) - Afghanistan and Pakistan are dismissed as the topic turns to India and China. 115 Recently, South Asia has become the focus of world attention due to the American attack on Afghanistan and the subsequent increased tension in Asia. Keywords: afghanistan; chapter; india
• The Environmental Dimensions of Islam: By Mawil Izzi Dien (Cambridge: The Luttenvorth Press, 2000. 190 pages.) by Ouis, Soumaya Pernilla (2002.0) - Izzi Dien is one of the most prominent scholars in the new discourse of Islamic ecotheology, although he himself seldom refers to other Muslim scholars in this field, which somehow gives the wrong impression that he is the only one among Muslims dealing with environmental issues. Dr. Mawil Izzi Dien, Senior Lecturer in Islamic Studies at the University of Wales, has been writing about Islam and environmental issues for almost two decades. Keywords: chapter; izzi
• Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of the Prophets in the Age of al-Ma'mun by Michael Cooperson. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press???? 2000. 196 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2002.0) - Although the caliph al-Ma'mun is famous for having appointed 'Ali al-Rida, his heir apparent, a move which has puz­ zled many historians, since he is also accused of murdering the Shi'ite imam. Ahmad ibn Hanbal's fame rests on his resistance to the Abbasid/ Mu· tazili Inquisition which al-Ma'mun inaugurated: despite imprisonment and flogging, he upheld the opinion that the Qur'an is eternal and not cre­ ated. Keywords: chapter
• Education In The Arab Gulf States and the Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography by Nagat El-Sanabary. (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991. 572 pages.) by Ibrahim, Zeinab (2001.0) - Women's Education follows with the same listing: Arab World (1330-1362), Bahrain (1363-1364), Iraq (1365-1374), Kuwait (1375-1390), Qatar (1391-1393), Saudi Arabia (1394-1445), and the United Arab Emirates (1446). Chapter Eleven, Curriculum: Science and Mathematics, starts with Arab States (676-683), then Bahrain (684-687), Iraq (688-694), Kuwait (695-700), and ends with Saudi Arabia (701-736). Keywords: arab; chapter
• A History of Modern Yemen: By Dresch, Paul. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 285 pages.) by Roochnik, Paul (2001.0) - If you have time to read a single book on Yemen's recent past, Paul Dresch's A History of Modern Yemen is the one for you. Dresch, a University Lecturer at Oxford University's Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, elucidates the history of Yemen, starting in the 19th Century, with the British and the Ottomans vying for power and influence in this most ancient and original of Arab states, and culminating in Yemen's unification in 1990 and the Yemen-Saudi border settlement of 2000. Keywords: chapter; dresch; south; yemen
• Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam: By Rudolph F. Peters. A Reader Markus Wiener Publishers, 1995. 214 pages. by Molloy, Rebecca (2001.0) - As a recognizable component of fundamentalist jihad, the element of martyrdom (or the relevance of the martyr strategy) is surprisingly not elaborated by the author in later chapters within the context of the modem jihad doctrine. Through the vocabulary, the author adroitly strings together a variety of texts in subsequent chapters which all utilize terms and concepts such as dar al-Islam, believers vs. unbelievers, takfir (declaring someone an unbeliever), expansionist jihad, defensive jihad, jihad as international law, greater and lesser jihad, and more. Keywords: author; chapter; doctrine; jihad
• The Last Great Revolution: Turmoil and Transformation in Iran by Robin B. Wright. (New York and Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. 335 pages.) by Akbulut, Zeynep (2001.0) - To sum up, Wright makes it clear that quest for empowerment in Iran did not ascend from heaven unpredictably in 1979. For Wright, Soroush (Martin Luther of Iran for some and also for Wright) is boldly reconciling Islam and modernity. Keywords: chapter; iran; islamic; revolution; wright
• Intellectual Discourse and the Politics of Modernization: Negotiating Modernity in Iran by 'Ali Mrsepassi, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xiv+ 193 pages. Notes top. 215. Bib{. to pages 223. lndex top. 227. by Faghfoory, Mohammad (2001.0) - The author poses several questions in an attempt to provide a definition for modernity, and in the process explores the story of Iranian modernity. He analyzes some of the writings of such thinkers as Montesquieu, Hegel, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emmile Durkheim, Marshall Berman, Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, and more recent works by critics of modernity theories such as Edward Sai'd, Arturo Escobar, and Timothy Mitchell. Keywords: chapter; iran; islamic; modem; modernity; revolution
• The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey: Leiden: Brill. pp. 341 +xii. ISBN: 90-04-10791-6 (HB). by Asutay, Mehmet (2001.0) - Even without any hesitation, it can be expounded that CUP policies were harsher than those of the monarchists. Chapter 5 is on the opposition to the new regime, and commences by criticizing the political discourse of the 'old regime' and CUP'S proposed ideas about the new political structure. Keywords: chapter; cup; empire; kansu; prince; regime; revolution; turkish
• Environmental Politics: Domestic and Global Dimensions by Jacqueline Vaughn Switzer, 3rd edition, Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001, 336 pp. by Ahmad, Ali (2001.0) - The third edition is remarkable for carefully updating a book that is reputed to be an information powerhouse regarding environmental policy, actors, disputes, and processes, up through the final years of the Clinton administration. The chap- ter provides background history about early concerns for environmental con- sciousness and awareness in the United states, and identifies five periods in the development of environmental policies. Keywords: chapter; environmental; policy; process; states; united; waste
• The Psychology of Religion: A Short Introduction by Kate Loewenthal, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 182 pp. by Haque, Amber (2001.0) - chapter five starts with a description of the early origins of religious feelings as explained by the psychoanalytic theory of Freud, the object-relations theory of Melanie Rein, and the attachment theory of Bowlby. The author points out that although spir­ ituality is common to most religions and cultural traditions, it can be a divisive issue and is actually outside the context of organized religion. Keywords: author; chapter; religion
• Freudian Fraud: The Malignant Effect of Freud's Theory on American Thought and Culture by E. Fuller Torrey, Harper Collins, 1992, 362 pp. by Alawneh, Shafiq F. (1998.0) - For a number of reasons, Freud‘s ideas were easily disseminated in America: the bloody struggle between Stalin and Lenin made Freud a surrogate for Marx. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15:4 Chapter one lays out the basics of Freud’s theory, the immigration of the the- ory to America, and the characteristics of Freud himself: his relationship with sexual freedom, social reform, his orientation toward fame and cocaine, and his strong belief in occultism. Keywords: american; chapter; freud; ideas; sex; theory
• Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline by Michael Cole. Harvard University Press, 1996. 400 pages. by Shakoor, Muhyiddin (1998.0) - In Cole’s view, cultural psychology was there, he says, “in the beginning” (p. 4). In Chapter Two, the author traces the major attempts to apply the strategy of cross-cultural research. Keywords: approach; chapter; cole; culture; psychology
• City of Stones: Hidden History of Jerusalem by Meron Benvenisti. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996, 283 pp. by Langgulung, Hasan (1998.0) - Beginning with a discussion of the contrasting versions of Jerusalem’s history presented by Palestinian Arabs and Israeli Jews, the author goes on to examine the way the radically opposed goals and aspirations of both sides results in conflicts. Chapter 5 In this chapter, Mr. Benvenisti illustrates the planning policy in Jerusalem, especially the policy to expropriate Arab land for building Jewish apartments or neighborhoods. Keywords: a.d; author; b.c; chapter; city; education; israeli; jerusalem; jews; peace
• Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign Policy and Regionalism by Dewi Fortuna Anwar. Regional Strategic Studies Programme, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, n.d. xiii + 335pp. by Suliman, Osman (1997.0) - Specifically, the organization is intended to promote harmony and peace in the region, given that ASEAN countries are relatively more politically stable and economically developed compared to the nearby [ndochinese states. Chapter 3, develops a thorough examination of the economic and func- tional cooperation of ASEAN countries inside the bloc and with respect to inter- national problems. Keywords: asean; chapter; policy
• Early Philosophical Shi'ism: The Isma'ili Neoplatonism of Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani By Paul E. Walker. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 203 pp. by Aminrazavi, Mehdi (1995.0) - Chapter one, which fol­ lows a brief preface that presents some general remarks about al Sijistan1 and the book's structure discusses The Isma1n Message and It Philosophers. of reason, rationality, authority, and philosophy according to al Sijistan1, whose adoption of neoplatonic philosophy allowed him to defend his theological positions. Keywords: author; chapter; soul; walker
• Islamic Banking in Pakistan: The Future Path by Muhammad Akram Khan. Lahore: All Pakistan Islamic Education Congress, I994,94 pp. by Khan, Shujaat A. (1995.0) - He points out that the Council of Islamic Ideology, a constitutional body consisting of scholars of all shades and schools of thought, categorically prohibited interest (rihii) in all of its various forms. However, no sincere effort was ever made by the gov- ernment to eliminate interest and to build an interest-free economy. Keywords: chapter; interest; islamic; pakistan
• The New Cold War: Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State By Mark Juergensmeyer. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1993, 202 pp. by Karbal, Mohamed (1994.0) - Hwttington predicts that the struggle will occur on the international level, whereas Juergensmeyer says it will take place on the nation-state level, for religious nationalism will challenge the dominant secular ideology that now rules nation-states. Before proceeding, two important elements asserted by Juergens­ meyer should be kept in mind: the conflict between secular nationalism and religious nationalism will take place in the Third World and will be confined to the borders of the nation-state. Keywords: chapter; islamic; nationalism; states
• The Contemporary Islamic Revival: A Critical Survey and Bibliography By Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1991, 230 pp. by Atiyyah, Hani M. (1992.0) - Three types of conceptual developments experienced by Islamic revivalist movements in the contempomy world are discussed: a) traditional concepts used by contempomy Islamic re- vivalism, viz., tujda (regeneration), t m r (condemnation), and jihikf (striving); b) tmnsfonnation of older concepts into terms of special sig- nificance in the modem context, viz., jihih>ah (ignorance) and tawlzfd (oneness of God); and c) the development of new concepts arising out of certain conditions, viz., dimuqri@wh (democracy) and wzilqah (Is- lamic fundamentalism). The three introductory chapters give an overview of contemporary Islamic revivalist movements from some- what different perspectives and address many critical issues that are dif- ficult to deal with adequately in just three chaptets. Keywords: bibliography; chapter; islamic; literature; movements
• Architecture of the Islamic West North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800 - Architecture in Global Socialism Eastern Europe, West Africa, and The Middle East in the Cold War - Architecture of Coexistence Building Pluralism by Gaber, Tammy (2021.0) - The schools included studies in the history of Baghdad, in Islamic architecture, and approaches to design that integrated local history with modern architecture. The hybridity of mosque design continued in Algeria, with several mosques and shrines from this period described. Keywords: architecture; bloom; buildings; chapter; design; e r; e s; islamic; m e; r n; s s
• Salafīsm and Traditionalism: Scholarly Authority in Modern Islam (by Emad Hamdeh): Cambridge University Press, 2021, 256 pages by Laher, Suheil (2022.0) - Chapter 7 discusses Albānī’s hadith criticism, and the response of his adversaries, and then closes with an evaluation of Albānī impact on contemporary hadith studies. The confrontational picture that Hamdeh paints of Albānī is ameliorated by some humanizing anecdotes which show another side to this polarizing figure: Albānī’s refusal to excommunicate Sayyid Qutb, despite being pressed to do so by one of his followers, and Albānī’s telling students to refrain from haranguing Habīb al-Raḥmān al-Aʿẓamī because of his age and illness. Keywords: albānī; chapter; e s; hadith; hamdeh; purist; s s; salafīs; traditionalists
• Islamic Law and Ethics: (by David R. Vishanoff, Ed.) by Ahmad Rufai, Saheed (2023.0) - While the author’s attempt at a critical engagement with this aspect of the text of al-Waraqāt is applauded, it should be noted that a care- ful look at the text in question in its original Arabic version reveals that the question of ambiguity does not arise, as the reference to “Uṣūl al-Fiqh” could not have been to do with anything other than the sub- ject or discipline of Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Indeed, it is only described as Kitāb in two instances, namely where reference is made to its commentary, as is the case in Kitāb Sharh al-Waraqāt, or where Matn is preceded by the word, Kitāb as is the case B Keywords: author; chapter; islamic; law
• Recasting the Religious Architecture of Islam: The Religious Architecture of Islam I – Asia and Australia and The Religious Architecture of Islam II – Africa, Europe and the Americas (by Hasan-uddine Khan and Kathryn Blair Moore, Eds.) by Gaber, Tammy (2023.0) - ‘Canadian Mosques’ by Tammy Gaber outlines a century of mosque construction in Canada and identified regional patterns in design includ- ing pioneering of mosque spaces in the prairies, converted mosques in Quebec, purpose-built mosques in British Columbia, mosque as hubs of community space in the Maritimes, orienting mosques to Mecca in Canada and the extreme north, and the gendering of mosques in Ontario. In ‘Modern and Contemporary Mosques in Latin America’, Wolf studies the role of mosque spaces in Latin America, often with transnational patronage and impact. Keywords: architecture; chapter; e s; examples; islamic; mosque; s s; spaces; volume
• The Exceptional Qur’ān: Flexible and Exceptive Rhetoric in Islam's Holy Book: (by Johanne Louise Christiansen) by Ganaie, Ab Majeed (2024.0) - In the Introduction, Christiansen highlights the categorical or absolute aspects of exception in the Qur’ān. Regarding the language of exception in the Qur’ān, Christiansen argues that: The exceptive language of the Qur’ān and its establishment of a balance between principle and dispensation are part of a deliberate strategy articulated in a flexible and adaptive system that can incorporate a wide range of adherents. Keywords: chapter; christiansen; qur’ān; qur’ānic
• Marital and Sexual Ethics in Islamic Law: Rethinking Temporary Marriage: (By ROSHAN IQBAL) by Butool, Beena (2025.0) - Abi Bakr (d. 56/678) clearly stated that mutʿa was prohibited. Ibn ʿAshūr (d. 1394/1973), a Sunni exegete, permitted mutʿa but on grounds dis- tinct from Shiʿi interpretations, arguing that it was never historically banned. Keywords: chapter; marriage; mutʿa
• The Global Halal Industry: A Research Companion: (By HUSSAIN MOHI-UD-DIN QADRI) by Cholil, Muhammad; Mamduh, Muhammad Faizul; Setianingsih, Hesti Eka (2025.0) - Chapter 6 focuses on halal tourism, and Chapters 7 and 8 turn to halal pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fashion. Chapter 6 provides an extensive analysis of the halal tourism indus- try, highlighting the significance of culturally sensitive services, such as halal food and family-friendly accommodations. Keywords: chapter; halal; industry
• ajiss-470 by None (None) - The writings Pierce examines emerged during a period where Arabic literature was first taking shape and therefore demonstrate a process within the Is- lamic community at large of articulating specific narratives. While much scholarship on Shi‘ism is centered on the topics of succession, theological doctrines, or the specific rituals of ‘Ashura, Pierce focuses instead on how love and devotion towards the imams and the ahl al-bayt developed. Keywords: chapter; imams; pierce
• ajiss-475 by None (None) - Hatem Bazian explores the roots of the conflict, locating the Zionist movement as a settler colonial project under the tutelage of British colo- nial efforts. Bazian writes that “the biblical text gets transformed into policy by the Zionist state, by which it then normalizes or makes legal the wholesale theft of Palestinian lands and expulsion of the population” 66 Keywords: bazian; chapter; colonial
• ajiss-477 by None (None) - He does end his chapter with a criticism of the theory that GM members were key leaders of the coup, a conclusion which is at odds with that of most other contributors to the volume. The book ends with a postscript which examines the four major theories about how the coup may have come to pass, and comes to the conclusion that GM members were central and sole actors in the coup, which was in all likelihood approved by Gülen himself. Keywords: chapter; coup; turkey
• ajiss-479 by None (None) - The heir apparent or Prince Abū’l-Qāsim Muḥammad, the eldest son of al-Mahdī, already took up much of his father’s duties while his own son, Ismāʿīl or al-Manṣūr bi’llāh (‘the One Who is Victorious by God’) was entrusted by the sitting Imam, al-Mahdī (his grandfather), as his most faithful confidant (39). Jiwa also describes the Kalbid dynasty of Fatimid Sicily, which had come under the governorship of al-Ḥasan al-Kalbī. Keywords: chapter; fatimids; ismaili; jiwa; mahdī
• Repentance and the Return to God: Tawba in Early Sufism (by Atif Khalil) by Jafar, Imad (2019.0) - As both al-Muḥāsibī and al-Makkī have similar ways of focusing on the “practical concerns” and “moral psychology” of the spiritual path, there is considerable topical overlap between chapters six and seven. The sixth and seventh chapters deal, respectively, with the ways in which al-Hārith al-Muḥāsibī (d. 857) and Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī (d. 996) understood the idea of tawba. Keywords: chapter; khalil; sufi; tawba
• The Making of Islamic Heritage: Muslim Pasts and Heritage Presents by Doha, Tanzeen Rashed (2019.0) - Identifying contradictions, contestations, ruptures, and discontinuities with regards to claims to Islamic heritage do not necessarily negate the coherence in the name Islam. Bashir emphasizes the “distinctive instantiations” of various articulations of Islamic heritage, calling into question chronologi- cal accounts of Islamic legacy. Keywords: bashir; chapter; heritage; history; islamic; secular
• Understanding Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: A Contemporary Perspective by Mufsir bin Ali al-Qahtani (Herndon, VA and Surrey, UK: IIIT, 2015. 202 pages.) by Al-Timimi, Tariq (2017.0) - There is nothing original in this chapter, as al-Izz bin Abdussalam (d. 1262), al-Shatibi (d. 1388), Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1350), and the other usual figures are cited. One imagines that many scholars find such a treatment risible and demeaning of the topic itself in comparison to other authoritative writings on uṣūl al-fiqh, such as Muhammad Sa‘id Ramadan al-Buti’s Ḍawābit al-Maṣlaḥah. Keywords: chapter; maqāṣid
• The Qur’ānic Pagans and Related Matters: Collected Studies in Three Volumes. Volume I by Patricia Crone (ed. Hanna Siurua) Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2016. 503 pages. by Berg, Herbert (2017.0) - Chapter 7 examines another part of the Qur’an’s context: the Book of Watchers story, which formed part of the general background in which the Qur’an was revealed. Chapters 9 and 10 reexamine the claim that Jewish Christianity played a role in the Qur’an’s formation. Keywords: chapter; crone; qur’an; tradition
• Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism: By Tristan James Mabry (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. 254 pages.) by Newlon, Brendan (2017.0) - Chapters 5 through 10 summarize the regional case studies through which Mabry developed his thesis: chapter 5, “Tongue Ties: The Kurds of Iraq”; chap- ter 6, “Natives of the ‘New Frontier’: The Uyghurs of Xinjiang”; chapter 7, “Print Culture and Protest: The Sindhis of Pakistan”; chapter 8, “Speaking to the Nation: The Kashmiris of India”; chapter 9, “From Nationalism to Is- lamism: The Acehnese of Indonesia”; and chapter 10, “Religious Community versus Ethnic Diversity: The Moros of the Philippines.” He includes several tables of demographic data about Arab states with special attention to literacy and regional vernacu- lars. Keywords: chapter; nationalism
• The Cosmic Script: Sacred Geometry and the Science of Arabic Penmanship By Ahmed Moustafa and Stefan Sperl (London: Thames and Hudson, 2014. 692 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2016.0) - The chapter concludes by analyzing each scholar’s dimensions of the letter ālif in order to reconstruct Ibn Muqla’s. Chapter 3, “Classical Sources on the Geometry of Letters,” reviews the specific classical Arabic sources on penmanship (from the 4th/10th to 10th/ 16th centuries), beginning with Ibn Muqla’s brief treatise and followed by the Brethren of Purity, Ibn Shith al-Qurashi, al-Rawandi, al-Sinjari, al-Ziftawi, al-Athari, al-Qalqashandi, Ibn al-Sa’igh, al-Tayyibi, al-Hiti, al-Saydawi, and Siraj al-Shirazi. Keywords: chapter; ibn; penmanship; script
• Persophilia: Persian Culture on the Global Scene By Hamid Dabashi (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2015. 285 pages.) by Davari, Negar (2016.0) - It provides thoughtful commentary on the roots of western Persophilia, its outcome for the West and the Per- sianaite world, and the overall picture of Persophilic knowledge production and transfer. Chapter 1 focuses on the Europeans’ discovery of ancient Persia as an origin of western Persophilia and provides evidence supporting the great im- pact that Cyrus (d. 531 BC), through Xenophon’s (d. 354 BC) Cyropedia, has had on many scholars, specifically on the authors of America’s constitution; an influence that he believed was provided via the formation of transnational spheres through which the discourse on Cyrus circulated throughout the world. Keywords: chapter; dabashi; persophilia; west
• Iftā’ and Fatwa in the Muslim World and the West: By Zulfiqar Ali Shah (London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014. 192 pages.) by Rufai, Saheed Ahmad (2016.0) - However, the word al-fiqh al-istidlālī (demonstrative fiqh) is wrongly rendered as fiqh al- istighlālī (p. 10). He provides a meaningful description of the fatwa, the life story of al-Qushayri in a social context, and enumerates his scholarly works and critical engagement with his immediate environment. Keywords: author; chapter; fatwa; iftā; islamic
• Islamic Geometric Design: By Eric Broug (New York: Thames & Hudson, 2013. 256 pages full color.) by Gaber, Tammy (2015.0) - The subject of Islamic geometric design has been described in numerous ways: Keith Critchlow’s Islamic Patterns and Syed Jan Abbas and Amer Shaker Salman’s Symmetries of Islamic Geometrical Patterns, both highly esoteric interpretations; Owen Jones’ Grammar of Ornament, Emile Prisse d’Avennes’ L’Art arabe d’apres les monuments du Kaire, and Jules Bourgoin’s Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design, all descriptions of drawing collections; and even as a theme for countless “coffee table” books resplendent with glossy photographs of exotic patterns and colors. In prac- tical terms, every design begins as a circle and a series of circles – however, these are relegated mostly to the background construction of geometric pat- Book Reviews 127 terns; few circles appear in Islamic geometric design after the eleventh century. Keywords: chapter; design; geometric; patterns
• Prayer in Islamic Thought and Practice: By Marion Holmes Katz (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 243 pages.) by Amin, Yasmin (2015.0) - In the fifth and final chapter, “Women and Prayer,” which will be of par- ticular interest to social and gender historians, the gender neutrality of prayer as an obligation is demonstrated and the purity laws affecting women’s ability to pray at specific times (e.g., menstruation and after childbirth) are cited. Legal considerations regarding Friday prayers and praying for rulers (p. 132) are reviewed. Keywords: chapter; islamic; prayer
• Striving in the Path of God: Jihad and Martyrdom in Islamic Thought By Asma Afsaruddin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 384 pages.) by Hamid, Sadek (2015.0) - Excursions into the viewpoint of Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (d. 1350), the prominent student of the Hanbali jurist Ibn Taymiyyah, demonstrate that those classical-era fig- ures who are popular among contemporary militants possessed highly nuanced views on both jihad and martyrdom, a fact that many modern followers de- liberately ignore. al-Zamakhshari (d. 1144), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1210), al-Qurtubi (d. 1273), and Ibn Kathir (d. 1373). Keywords: chapter; ibn; jihad
• Martyrdom in Modern Islam: Piety, Power, and Politics By Meir Hatina (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 276 pages.) by Dar, Showkat Ahmad (2015.0) - Hatina presents suicide attacks in Iran as being officially promoted and supported by the state, whereas other Islamist movements have adopted such attacks to pursue their military and po- litical agendas. The chapter begins with the emergence of suicide attacks and explores various forms of martyrdom in the late twentieth and early twenty- first centuries within this particular context. Keywords: chapter; hatina; islamic; martyrdom

• Qur’ans of the Umayyads: A First Overview By François Déroche (Leiden: Brill, 2014. 155 pages.) by Rippin, Andrew (2015.0) - Of course, such early manuscripts also provide evi- dence of textual variation, the precise dimensions of which have not always been preserved by Muslim tradition. In fact, early manuscripts are the only tangible source about the oral tradition itself. Keywords: déroche; manuscripts; qur’an; text
• Contemporary Approaches to the Qur’an and Sunnah: By Mahmoud Ayoub (ed.) Herndon, VA: IIIT, 2012. 230 pages. by al-Azami, Usaama (2013.0) - Given the capacious title, the work naturally offers essays – ten to be precise – from a wide range of disciplines, including Qur’anic and hadith studies as well Is- lamic law, theology, history, and comparative religion. Being the first iteration of this series, it is perhaps somewhat unsurprising that the work’s overall qual- Book Reviews 97 ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 97 ity is somewhat under par, with individual essays varying considerably in quality. Keywords: essay; islamic; qur’an; work
• Sayyid Qutb on the Qur’an’s Artistic and Activist Dimensions by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2012.0) - Other books include Al-Ta§w¥r al-Fann¥ f¥ al-Qur’Œn, MashŒhid al-QiyŒmah f¥ al-Qur’Œn, Al-‘AdalŒh al-IjtimŒ‘¥yah f¥ al-Qur’Œn, Al-IslŒm wa MushkilŒt al- îaèŒrah, Al-SalŒm al-‘lam¥ wa al-IslŒm, and Al-Mustaqbal li Sayyid Qutb and His Book Named “Sayyid” the son of al-Hajj Qutb, he sometimes confuses many who understand Arabic and are familiar with Arab and Islamic culture, as they take his real name “Sayyid” for an epithet of reverence and leadership. Keywords: islamic; qur’an; qur’œn; qutb; ta§w¥r
• The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an: By Andrew Rippin, ed. Malden, (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. 576 pages.) by Holtzman, Livnat (2009.0) - Alan Godlas’ “Sufism” is, in my opinion, the most coherent and accessible account on yet another under-researched exegetic tradition, that of Qur’an exegesis through allusion. McAuliffe’s “Exegetical Sciences” and Binyamin Abrahamov’s “Theology” provide thorough yet fundamental surveys on two issues often taken for granted: the discipline of Qur’an exegesis in its culmination and the Qur’an’s role in Islamic theology. Keywords: article; islamic; qur’an; qur’anic; text
• Interpreting the Qur’an: Towards a Contemporary Approach by Abdullah Saeed (London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 192 pages.) by Nguyen, Martin (2007.0) - Over the course of twelve chapters, Saeed embarks upon an attempt to reevaluate and redefine how the Qur’an is understood. What Saeed adds to this is a stress on revelation’s socio-historical context: The Qur’an’s ethico-legal dimension unfolded in the context of a prophetic personality and his community. Keywords: interpretation; qur’an; saeed
• Perfection Makes Practice: Learning, Emotion, and the Recited Qur’an in Indonesia by Anna M. Gade (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004. 348 pages.) by Ali, Muhamad (2006.0) - The author concludes that an energetic movement in Qur’anic practices in South Sulawesi motivated the self and others to follow suit: “… the Indonesian movement of Qur’anic revitalization in the 1990s provides mate- rial for reconsidering the idea that dynamism of religious systems may be generated by ‘feeling’” (p. 273), although the power of an “envy of good- ness” should be equally recognized. Anna M. Gade’s Perfection Makes Practice stresses the cultural aspect of Indonesian Muslim practices by analyzing the practices of reciting and memorizing the Qur’an, as well as the annual competition. Keywords: gade; practice; qur’an
• Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation by John Wansbrough (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004. 316 pages.) by Kersten, Carool (2006.0) - Reading Wansbrough is apparently even frustrating for some of the most prominent historians of Islam, as can be deduced from Humphreys’ characterization of Wansbrough’s chosen writing style: “He affects a ferociously opaque style which bristles with unexplained technical terms in many languages, obscure allusions, and Teutonic grammar” (Humphreys, Islamic History [1999], 83-84). The second half of Quranic Studies examines the exegetical literature on the Qur’an, which, as Wansbrough states at the outset, can “hardly be described as homogenous” (p. 119). Keywords: qur’an; studies; study; wansbrough
• Jihad: From Qur’an to Bin Laden by Richard Bonney (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.) by Ahmed, Rumee (2005.0) - Although he hopes that non-Muslims will achieve a certain level of tol- erance by reading this book, Bonney directly addresses Muslims and says that the trend of misappropriating jihad for political purposes will not cease until Muslims themselves demand a return to Islam’s original Qur’anic and prophetic principles. By doing so, Bonney hopes to empower Muslim moderates to publicize the concept of jihad as purely defensive, as well as to enlighten non-Muslims of Islam’s true message of peace, balance, and pluralism. Keywords: bonney; jihad; qur’an
• Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism: By Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler (London: The Scarecrow Press, 2002. 520 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2004.0) - The short shrift given to pre-Islamic Arabian religious traditions, however, is a major problem in the field and a decided obstacle to an informed under- standing of the Qur’an in context. Several entries that present Biblical and ancient Near Eastern material exclusively could have benefited from the additional dis- cussion of pre-Islamic Arabian material, particularly “False Prophets,” “Oracles,” and “Parallelism.” Keywords: dictionary; entries; qur’an
• A Thematic Commentary on the Qur’an: By Muhammad al-Ghazali (Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2000. 804 pages.) by Mirza, Mahan (2003.0) - In the past, western scholars have devoted a great deal of energy to tracing foreign influences in the Qur’an or reconstructing the chronology of its verses and surahs. Although it has always been accepted that the Qur’an’s surahs are dis- tinct literary pieces with their own style and content, comprehensive attempts to present entire surahs as thematically independent entities have been rare. Keywords: qur’an; surah
• Al-Qur’an: A Contemporary Translation by Ahmed Ali (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. 572 pages.) by Afsaruddin, Asma (2003.0) - All in all, this is a fine addition to the cor- pus of English translations of the Qur’an’s meaning and is highly recom- mended for a broad readership. As the dust jacket informs us, this translation of the Qur’an’s meaning was first published in the United States in 1988. Keywords: arabic; meaning; qur’an
• Reason and Individual Reasoning by Khan, M. A. Muqtedar (1999.0) - It is constantly appealing to human reason to nxognize and understand the true meanings of life. This standard and orthodox conceptualization of Ijtihad, theo- retically limits the role of reason to analogical thinking on mundane mat- ters. Keywords: ijtihad; islamic; qur’an; reason; revelation; theory
• The Place of Music in Quranic Recitation by Cetin, Abdurrahman (1999.0) - Ibn Maja, Iqdma 176; Darimi, Faqii’il al-Qur’an, 34; Bayhaqi, As-Sunanu’l-Kubra, 11, 388. 16. Ibn Kathir, Faqii’il al-Qur’an (The Virtue of the Qur’an), 36. 6. Keywords: hadith; ibn; means; music; prophet; qur’an; recitation; reciting; tone; voice
• Searching for Solace: A Biography of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Interpreter of the Qur'an by M.A. Sherif. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 1994. by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (1997.0) - 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14:1 Searching for Solace: A Biography of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Interpreter of the Qur'an By M.A. Sherif. Searching for Solace consists of two parts, two appendixes, and a section displaying documents and photos of Yusuf Ali and those with whom he had contact. Keywords: ali; english; qur’an
• The Politics of the Two Qiblahs and the Emergence of an Alternative Islamic Monotheism by Hamid, Eltigani Abdelgadir (2016.0) - Its dominant themes are clearly ex- pressed in the opening verses, which reveal the Prophet’s unobserved night journey from Makkah’s Sacred Mosque (al-Masjid al-Haram) to its Jerusalem counterpart: the Farthest Mosque (al-Masjid al-Aqsa). Standing up at the Maqam, Ibn Mas‘ud began reciting “In the name of God, al-Raḥmān,‘alam al-Qur’ān,” raising his voice with that. Keywords: ajiss33; dar; dar al; direction; ibn; ibn al; islamic; jerusalem; ka‘bah; madinah; makkah; muhammad; page; prophet; qiblah; qur’an; verses
• Sacral Qualities of Form in Mosque Architecture: Transformation of the Arts of the Qur’an into the Arts of the Mosque by Elwazani, Salim A. (1995.0) - & The trend for mosque surface ornamentation in particular, and design elabora- tion in general, continued through the golden era of the succeeding ‘Abbasid era and indeed persisted through time in all parts of the Islamic world. This development, in particular, concerns us here, for it had a direct effect on applying the sacred qualities of the book to the sacred qualities of mosque surfaces. Keywords: arabic; architecture; arts; calligraphy; cursive; example; form; illumination; inscriptions; islamic; language; mosque; new; ornamentation; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; scripts; surface; surface arts; text
• The Qur’an and Modern Science: Observations on Methodology by Khalil, Imaduddin (1991.0) - These fall into four categories: 1) matters related to the reality, horizons, and aims of science or, to put it more precisely, the “philosophy of science and theory of knowledge,” 2) the methodology of discovering scientific facts, 3) the laws that apply in the various fields of science-particularly natural sciences -called the pure sciences, and 4) those laws discovered through experimental methodology and meant to be applied by a person in hidher capacity as vicegerent of Allah (SWT) on earth, who has been entrusted with the task of creating a higher and better life and a finer world. There are scientific facts that convey more than one aspect of reality. Keywords: allah; earth; facts; humanity; islamic; laws; life; qur’an; science; swt
• Qur’anic Concepts of Human Psyche: Lahore, Pakistan. Sha‘ban 25 1409/April 3, 1989 by Pakistan Office, IIIT - (1989.0) - Most of these presen- tations were in the form of written papers, although some papers were in the form of drafts. During the recent past a number of Muslim psychologists in Pakistan as well as other countries have attempted to develop a greater understanding of basic Islamic sources for an alternate view of human psyche. Keywords: prof; qur’an; seminar
• Health and Healing In The Qur’an by Elkadi, Ahmed (1985.0) - The Qur’an achieves its healing and health promoting effect by utilizing three different approaches: the legal approach, the guiding approach, and the direct healing approach. According to the available data, there is a definite and obvious stress reducing effect of the Qur’an on the various organs of the body, possibly through the central and autonomic nervous sytems. Keywords: effect; healing; health; qur’an; stress
• Guiding Light: Selection from the Holy Quran by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1985.0) - It is the duty of Muslim behavioral scientists in general and psychiatrists in particular to study and research these Qur'anic directions and propositions about human nature, and the traits, habits and behaviors necessary to counter their negative effects on human life, peace and mind and gratification. It is their duty to make people understand the important role of these Qur'anic direc- tions in human life and suggest the ways and means to the Muslims to develop the traits recommended by Qur’an in the individual life and the structure of society. Keywords: qur’an; word
• NOTES ON IBN HAZM’S REJECTION OF ANALOGY (QIYAS) IN MATTERS OF RELIGIOUS LAW by Abdallah, Fadel I. (1985.0) - This verse among other verses65 that Ibn Hazm quotes are for him clear evidence that the texts have included everything, so there is no need for analogical deduction.66 But Allah reached them from a place whereof they recked not, and cast terror in their hearts so that they ruined their houses with their own hands and the hands of the believers, so learn a lesson, 0 ye who have eyes!”43 Ibn Hazm cites several other examples from the Qur’an where the same word, i‘tuburu, or a derivation from it is used only to mean “to learn a lesson.” Keywords: abu; analogists; analogy; criteria; deduction; hazm; ibid; ibn; ibn hazm; islamic; prophet; qur’an
• The Arabic Cultural Influence on the Balkans: An Outline by Karic, Enes (2003.0) - Thousands of Arabic Words and Expressions When speaking of the Arabic cultural influence on the Balkans, then, one must begin with Arabic words. To this day we have thousands of Arabic words and terms relating to science, faith, literature, trade, housing, clothing, cosmetics, medicine, and cookery in the Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, and other lan- guages of the Balkan region. Keywords: arabic; balkans; bosnian; croatian; cultural; ibn; influence; islamic; literature; poetry; qur’an; sarajevo; serbian; translation; words
• The Qur’an in South Asia: Hermeneutics, Qur’an Projects, and Imaginings of Islamic Tradition in British India (by Kamran Bashir) by Khan, Kamran Ahmad (2023.0) - Bashir suggests that Sayyid Khān did not present his view completely detached from Islamic tradition. The fourth chapter explores thoughts and ideas which, in the wake of European influence in South Asia and the findings of modern science, called for questioning the methodology of exegetical tradition and Kalām. Keywords: bashir; qur’an; tradition
• ajiss-410 by None (None) - As regards the Qur’anic terms such as §alŒt, zakŒt, §awm, hajj, `umrah, nahr, al-Masjid al-îarŒm, SafŒ, Marwah, sa`ye, ‹awŒf, etc., I have inter- preted them only in the light of al-sunnah al-mutawŒtirah. As for the well- known Islamic terms, their original meaning is preserved in practical form through al-sunnah al-mutawŒtirah. Keywords: allah; coherence; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; islahi; islamic; pdf; qur’an; s´rah; tafs¥r; theme; trial; verses; version
• ajiss-445 by None (None) - [al-Qur’an]) and shall safeguard it” (15:9). In addition, the discipline of `ul´m al-Qur’an (the sciences of the Qur’an) needs a thorough refurbishing, and textbooks on this subject should include discussions from new angles, as I have attempted to do here. Keywords: abd; abi; abu; allah; allah ibn; chain; hadith; ibn; ibn abi; ibn al; prophet; qur’an; saw; umar; verse
• ajiss-472 by None (None) - The first two chapters are concerned with Qur’anic definitions of the universe (chapter one) and an explanation for the mul- tiplicity of Qur’anic pictures of the cosmos (chapter two). The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:4 bution to the genre of scientific Qur’anic exegesis in general, and Qur’anic cosmology in particular. Keywords: qur’an; universe
• ajiss-484 by None (None) - They were arresting the march of a prejudiced form of Orientalism by producing English Korans of their own. To Lawrence, most translations produced in an era of abundance fail to capture the Qur’an’s rhythmic prose, with the exception of a handful. Keywords: english; lawrence; qur’an
• In the Presence of the Sublime Qur’an: A Commentary on Part 30 [chapters 78-114] by Abdolali Bazargan (trans. Mohammad Fani and Amir Douraghy; ed. Hamid Mavani) (Laguna Hills, CA: Payam, 2016. 476 pages.) by Smith, Andrew C. (2017.0) - This volume represents an especially modern viewpoint with regard to un- derstanding the Qur’an and its message, while also being firmly embedded in traditional approaches and methods for its interpretation. These lectures, a portion of which have been translated and edited into this single volume, were initially presented to groups of lay Muslims interested in the general theme of “be- coming acquainted with the Qur’an” (p. xiv). Keywords: bazargan; qur’an; volume
• Reviving the Balance: The Authority of the Qur’an and the Status of the Sunnah By Taha Jabir Alalwani (Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2017. 224 pages.) by Vaid, Mobeen (2018.0) - It is here that we encounter Alalwani’s central thesis, namely, that the Qur’an as the receptacle of word and command has been subordinated to the weight of “narrative” hegemony represented by the pro- phetic Sunnah, allowing jurists to postulate any number of rulings that, at best, reflect merely circumstantial and discretionary opinion and, at worst, subversions of the divine command whilst maintaining attribution to God. Accordingly, Alalwani’s ensuing disquisition aims to correct this allegedly errant development by examining the prophetic com- munity, the relationship of the Qur’an to the prophetic practice, the rise of “narrative generations” prizing prophetic practice, and finally, the authori- tativeness of the Sunnah and its concomitant sciences (muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīth). Keywords: alalwani; hadith; prophet; qur’an; sunnah
• The Perplexity of a Muslim Woman: Over Inheritance, Marriage, and Homosexuality By Olfa Youssef (Lanham, MY: Lexington Books, 2017. 164 pages.) by Haqqani, Shehnaz (2018.0) - The translation also helps to push language boundaries in Islamic feminist scholarship by making accessible the work of Tunisian Muslim feminist Olfa Youssef to the rest of the world. The preface describes the origins of the translation project, offers an in- tellectual biography of Olfa Youssef, and discusses the reception of Youssef and her ideas across North Africa. Keywords: marriage; qur’an; youssef
• Exploring the Qur’an: Context and Impact By M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. 288 pages.) by Sidky, Lamya (2018.0) - Abdel Haleem rigorously approaches Qur’anic Arabic, throwing to the wayside any interpretation that, in his estimation, fails to conform to the Qur’anic context or message, honing in on an alter- nate interpretation that represents the true intent of the Qur’an. Book Reviews 96 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:2 Abdel Haleem refutes the most pervasive arguments against the Qur’an’s apparent aggression towards people of different faiths. Keywords: abdel; haleem; qur’an; qur’anic
• Islamic Ethics in Dialogue with Socrates, Jesus, and Confucius by Adeel, M. Ashraf (2017.0) - The goal is to substantiate the argument that Islamic personal ethics is similar, in fundamental respects, to Socratic and Christian personal ethics. However, turning now to our seventh point, the Qur’an’s preferred route at the level of personal ethics seems to be that of forgiveness and non-retali- ation. Keywords: ethics; evil; level; order; qur’an; right; socrates; wrong
• God Is Beautiful: The Aesthetic Experience of the Qur’an By Navid Kermani, Trans. Tony Crawford (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2015. 400 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2016.0) - God Is Beautiful: The Aesthetic Experience of the Qur’an Navid Kermani, Trans. Four printings since then attest to its popularity, which stems from its handling of a fascinating topic – Muslims’ experience of the Qur’an. Keywords: kermani; qur’an; text
• Uṣūl al-Tafsīr: The Sciences and Methodology of the Quran By Recep Doğan (Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books, 2014. 347 pages.) by Ghali, Walid (2016.0) - Doğan then provides defi- nitions for many different terminologies in the field of Qur’anic exegesis, such as ta’wīl, uṣūl al-tafsīr, ‘ulūm al-tafsīr, and the translation of the Qur’an. In addition, uṣūl al-tafsīr provides him/her with an almost step-by-step guide in this regard. Keywords: qur’an; tafsīr

• The Formation of Islamic Hermeneutics: How Sunni Legal Theorists Imagined a Revealed Law By David R. Vishanoff (New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society, 2011. 344 pages.) by Laabdi, Mourad (2014.0) - For this purpose, he strives to restore the reception and development of al-Shafi‘i’s (d. 820) legal hermeneutics dur- 146 David Vishanoff’s The Formation of Islamic Hermeneutics is a significant contribution to the study of Islamic legal theory and legal hermeneutics. Keywords: law
• Interview with Zaleha Kamaruddin by Yousif, Ahmad (2012.0) - During her tenure as dean of the Faculty of Law, she proposed to the attorney-general’s chambers several important projects, among them of- fering to certify their officers via an LL.M. program in the administration of Islamic law. Kamaruddin’s research has focused on Malaysian family issues, such as the participation of Muslim women in society. Keywords: iium; islamic; law; malaysia; research; university
• Exploring Challenges and Prospects in the 21st Century by Kayadibi, Saim (2009.0) - H. Ahmad Mukri Aji (State Islamic University, Jakarta) spoke on Indonesia’s attempt to ensure the law’s supremacy as regards all people, regardless of their social or any other position, to protect and serve the soci- ety’s stability, and how the Prophet insisted upon personal equality before the law. M. Zuhdi Mar- zuki (University of Wales, Lampeter) focused on studying the nature of fiqh and its value judgments with ethical considerations, as such considerations permeate all issues connected with science and technology. Keywords: ahmad; islamic; law; parallel; session; shari`ah; university
• Na`ar¥yOEt al-îukm and Ma§OEdir al-Shar¥`ah by Kayadibi, Saim; Omar, Raihanah (2008.0) - Given the international focus on Islamic studies and law, the seminar was structured around the fundamental principles of Islamic law and how they can be embraced by elaborating upon their vital principles to make them better understood. Group C presented the Sunnah, one of the unan- imously accepted sources of Islamic law. Keywords: islamic; law; shari`ah
• Religious Americans and Political Choices by Failinger, Marie A. (2007.0) - Finally, Howard Zehr (co-director and professor, Center for Justice and Peacebuilding, Eastern Mennonite University), Howard J. Vogel (professor of law, Hamline University), and Thomas W. Porter, Jr., (executive director, Just Peace Center for Mediation and Conflict Transformation), analyzed the prospects for religious people to find common ground around the restorative justice movement. He called for religious Christians to identify the “moral blind spots of our age” and demand that political leaders recognize the equal worth of every human being, both at home and abroad. Keywords: law; professor; university
• Islamic Law and the Challenge of Modernity: By Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Barbara Freyer Stowasser, eds. (Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2004. 264 pages.) by Fadel, Mohammad (2007.0) - This book includes eight articles on various aspects of Islamic law in the modern world, as well as an introduction by the two editors. Wael Hallaq’s article is the most provocative, for he suggests that because the traditional socioeconomic infrastructure that supported the Shari`ah as a social institution in the pre-modern world has vanished in the face of the centralized state, the Shari`ah cannot be restored without revolu- tionary institutional changes in the Arab state that would, at a minimum, give religious scholars the institutional independence to formulate a legiti- mate vision of Islamic law. Keywords: egypt; islamic; law
• Theology, International Law, and Torture: A Conference on Human Rights and Religious Commitment by Elsanousi, Mohamed (2006.0) - With such reasoning in mind, the Muslim community has partnered with var- ious faith communities to create the National Religious Campaign against Torture (NRCAT), which was launched during the “Theology, International Law, and Torture: A Conference on Human Rights and Religious Commit- ment” conference sponsored by Princeton Theological Seminary, 13-15 Janu- ary 2006, in Princeton, New Jersey. Religious leaders from across the nation, as well as Mohamed Elsanousi (director, Communication and Community Outreach, Islamic Society of North America During the conference presentations, it became clear that people of vari- ous faiths shared an abhorrence of torture, were committed to educating their respective communities about the issue, and were eager to join with other per- sons of faith, including Muslims, to motivate their communities and pressure the American government to disavow its use. Keywords: american; conference; law; torture
• International Human Rights and Islamic Law: by Mashood A. Baderin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. 279 pages.) by Hakeem, Farrukh B. (2004.0) - Two questions are examined: (1) Are international human rights and Islamic aw compatible? and (2) Can Muslim states comply with international human rights law while they adhere to Islamic law? According to Mayer, modern Islamic human rights schemes are dubi- ous, because they borrow their substance from international human rights but use Islamic law to limit human rights applications. Keywords: baderin; law; rights
• States and Women's Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco by Mounira M Charrad (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 341 pages.) by Babana-Hampton, Safoi (2002.0) - Even though Islamic family law and Islamic law figure as important references analytically, they are defined solely on the basis of a selective treatment of two Qur'anic passages on inheritance laws and polygamy and an isolated treatment of divorce. Charrad proposes kin- 128 The American Journal of [slamic Social Sciences 19:4 serious gap renders the author's recurrent claim that Islamic law sanctions the legal subordination of women supremely speculative, and a-contextual, such as when she states reductively that: Islamic family law portrays the marital bond as fragile or that: The facilitation of divorce, especially in the fonn ofunilateral repudiation, the legality of polygamy, and the absence of common property between husband and wife, all combine to define the marital bond as fragile. Keywords: islamic; law
• Perspectives on Islamic Law, Justice and Society: By R .S Khare, ed (Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 207 pages.) by Fazili, Yousra Y. (2002.0) - The unifying theme of the essays is the manner in which Islamic soci­ eties today are dealing with modernity and the manner in which technolog­ ical advancements and global changes affect Islamic societies and concepts within Islamic law. Though Islamic law has often been viewed as a sluggish monolith, it is actually a rather dynamic field. Keywords: law
• The Rule of Law in the Middle East and the Islamic World: Human Rights and the Judicial Process by Eugene Cotran and Mai Yamani, eds. I. B. (Tauris: London, 2000. 180 pages.) by Fadel, Mohammad (2001.0) - In Chapter 4 Lynn Welchman presents the inherent contradiction between the Oslo peace process and the rule of law, insofar as the former has failed to take into account notions of international legitimacy represented by the principals of international law, in favor of the political realities on the ground. The second chapter, authored by Kilian Balz, deals with the interesting subject of the interaction between Islamic law as understood by the State, on one hand, and as popularly understood in civil society, on the other, and the legal resolution of conflict between the two in contemporary Egypt. Keywords: author; human; law; rights; rule
• The Early Development of Islamic Jurisprudence: By Ahmed Hasan. Delhi, India: Adam Publishers, 1994. pp. 234. by Abdul-Qadir, Abuhamid M. (1997.0) - Toward the end of the book, Hasan discusses the last source of Islamic law called ijma‘ in early Islamic history, its relation with qiyds, and its character. The author discusses the sources of Islamic law beginning with the develop­ ment of the main five categories of judgment of Muslims' aces, namely, the obligatory. Keywords: author; islamic; jurisprudence; law
• CAVEAT EMPTOR VERSUS KHIYAR AL-'AYB by Ma'sum Billah, Muhammad (1997.0) - A quick glance through the above main features of a warranty of goods will reveals that there are some differences between the way the doctrine of caveat emptor protects the buyer/consumer from defective goods or products and the approach adopted by a warranty. The seller is also under the duty to disclose the defect of the goods to the buyer before the sale and purchase agreement if the seller has a fiduciary relationship with him.22 Such relationships include the rela- tionship between a solicitor and his client, a trustee and his cestui que trust, a spiritual adviser and his devotee, a doctor and his patient, a woman and her confidential managing agent, parents (or guardians) and their child, a creditor and a debtor:3 and a fianc6e and her f i a n ~ t k , ~ but not a husband and his ~ i f e . 2 ~ Caveat Emptor: Its Impact On the Following Aspects Defective Products It is undeniable that the birth of the caveat emptor doctrine in the early 17th century served as a starting point in protecting the rights and inter- ests of society against defective goods and products. Keywords: agreement; buyer; caveat; contract; defect; doctrine; emptor; goods; islamic; law; option; purchase; right; sale; seller
• EDITORIAL by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1994.0) - Muhammad Hashim Kamali discusses the possibility of price control (tus‘fr) in Islam law. He also examines several provisions concerning price control and highlights some of the conflicting interests of freedom vs. authority that are reflected in relevant Shari‘ah provisions. Keywords: control; islamic; law
• Tas'ir (Price Control) in Islamic Law by Kamali, Mohamad Hashim (1994.0) - Beirut: Dir a1 Kutub a1 'Ilm-yah, n.d. Ibn Qudsimah. a1 Fiqh a1 Islcsmi wa Adilhztuh. Keywords: control; goods; ibn; islamic; jawziyah; jurists; law; market; need; people; policy; price; prophet; public; qayyim; trade; yah
• Structural Characteristics of Islamic Penal Law: By Hedeaki Homma. Niigata, Japan: International University of Japan, 1986, 104 pp. (Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, Working Paper Series No. 6). by Kamali, Mohammad H. (1993.0) - Western law is largely reflective of Eu- topean history, religion, and culture and differs widely from Islamic law. But, he adds, all punishment in itself constitutes an evil in Islamic law, a fact that can be seen clearly with regard to the mote severe prescribed punishments, which are restricted both in number and in the higher standards of proof req- for their subsequent enforcement (p. 81). Keywords: homma; islamic; law
• Islamic Law and Religion: 7 - 8 Rabi' al Akhir 1414 / 24 - 25 September 1993 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut by Mattson, Ingrid (1993.0) - Bernard Weiss (Univesity of Utah) discussed the usage of the terms isti&-’ and taqlid in the theoretical treatise of Sayf a1 Din a1 ‘ h i & . On the surface, a1 Wansharisi’s fatwa appears to involve elements of taqlid: he cites no proof from Qur’an or hadith, but bases his argument on the opinions of two major medieval jurists and other legal cases. Keywords: jurists; law; taqlid; university
• The Closing of the Door of Ijtihad and the Application of the Law by Vogel, Frank E. (1993.0) - If this conception of qa&i’-so idealizing, individualistic, multi- farious, and unpredictable-were given full scope, Islamic legal systems would face great practical difficulty. Research Notes The Closing of the Door of Ijtihad and the Application of the Law' This panel's center of gravity is Islamic legal theory and doctrine, particularly USGZ alfiqh. Keywords: door; fiqh; ijtihad; islamic; law; school; system
• The Importance of 'llm al Khilaf to North America by Kavakci, Yusuf Ziya (1991.0) - Fortunately, several of his books have come down to us in manuscript form, such as a1 Ah51 al Aq~ii , a1 Asriirfi a1 Up21 wa a1 Furii: and Taqwim a1 Adillah. The judicial and juristic opinions expressed in Majmii ‘a1 Fiqh by Zayd ibn ‘Ali (d. l22/740), in a1 Muwa?Keywords: ibn; islamic; law
• Studies in Qur’an and Hadith: The Formation of the Islamic Law of Inheritance by David S. Powers; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986, 263 pp. (Appendices, Glossary Bibliography, Index and Tables). by Mas’ud, Muhammad Khalid (1989.0) - David S. Powers’ book, originally a doctoral dissertation submitted to Princeton University, is a welcome addition to the already growing corpus of studies revising Joseph Schacht’s thesis that Islamic law did not exist dur- ing the lifetime of the Prophet. The thesis presented in this book can be summarized as follows: Islamic law began to develop with Qur‘anic legislation which was more clear and systematic on the subject of inheritance. Keywords: author; inheritance; islamic; law; property; reading
• Islamic Perspectives on the Question of History by Al-'Alwani, Taha Jabir (1990.0) - Often, scholars of history are beset with these questions in the hope that they may define for contemporary man the reality of human history, and explain to him its meaning, and the significance of human will in the way it unfolds. What is the overall meaning of human history? Keywords: history; human; islamic; law; marxism; philosophies; progress; thought
• From Islamic Modernism to Theorizing Authoritarianism: Bin Bayyah and the Politicization of the Maqāṣid Discourse by Helmy, Yomna (2022.0) - The Formative Period of the Maqāṣid According to al-Raysūnī, the Ḥanafi scholar al-Ḥakim al-Tirmidhī (d. probably 298/910) was the foremost jurist to dedicate a full book to maqāṣid in his work titled “The Objectives of Prayers,” and he was among the earliest jurists to explain the underlining purposes (al-‘ilal) of Islamic legal verdicts by using experiential and figurative methods.20 Similarly, al-Balkhī (d. 322/933) devoted his book al-Ibānah ‘an ‘ilal al-Diyānah to explaining the purposes underlying Islamic juridical rulings. 69 Kamālī, An Introduction to Sharī‘ah, 201. 70 ‘Attia, Towards Realization of the Higher Intents of Islamic Law, 116-149. 71 Rāchid al-Ghannoūchī, Al-Ḥurriyāt al-‘āmmah fī al-dawlah al-islāmiyyah (Beirut, 1993), 44. 68  Keywords: approach; bayyah; bin; bin bayyah; e o; e r; f r; h e; h o; islamic; law; m e; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; maṣlaḥah; r n; r o; sharī‘ah; theory
• Maqāṣid and the Renewal of Islamic Legal Theory in ʿAbdullah Bin Bayyah’s Discourse by Beka, Rezart (2022.0) - In the introduction of his treatise on maqāṣid, Ibn ‘Āshūr made the case for the establishment of the science of the objective of sharī‘a (‘ilm al-maqāṣid al-sharī‘a) as independent, in status, from Islamic legal theory.34 His approach towards maqāṣid has been endorsed by may centrist-revivalist scholars (e.g. al-Raysūnī), and constitutes the actual way in which maqāṣid are taught in many influential Islamic educa- tional institutions.35 Bin Bayyah rejects the idea that maqāṣid should be considered an independent source of law or conceived as a standalone methodology for rule derivation. (Cairo: Maktaba Wahba, 2010), 35-36; Fiqh al-islāmī bayna al-aṣāla wā al-tajdīd, 2nd edition (Cairo: Maktaba Wahba, 1999), 62-66; Madkhal lī al-Dirāsa al-Sharī‘a al-Islamiyya (Beirut: Muwassasa al-Risāla, 1993/1414), 263. 33 Keywords: analogy; bin bayyah; c l; d t; e g; e o; e r; e t; h e; islamic; ithārāt; l e; l t; law; legal; m e; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; n d; r n; renewal; role; theory; wa l
• Editorial Note: Special Issue: Theory and Uses of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa by Anjum, Ovamir (2022.0) - Starting with the familiar history of the maqāṣid (wise purposes or objectives) of Islamic law, Dr. Kamali laments the prolonged marginaliza- tion of maqāṣid by the premodern uṣūl al-fiqh and hails the recent revival of the discourse in the latter part of the twentieth century. Assuming that preservation of wealth is a valid purpose (whose wealth, maqāṣid discourse does not tell us), someone simply refusing to pay one’s loans or other dues to non-Muslims would fulfil this purpose in 4  A M E R i C A N J O U R Keywords: discourse; law; maqāṣid
• Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s Jurisprudence of Priorities: A Critical Assessment by Hassan, Murie (2023.0) - By contrast, Hassani Muhammad Nur Muhammad in his Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt fī al-Sharīʿah al-Islāmiyyah: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2002), 27; ʿAbd al-Majid Muhammad al-Suswah, Fiqh al-Muwāzanāt fī al-Sharīʿah al-Islāmiyyah (Dubai, UAE: Dar al-Qalam, 2013), 13; Al-Qaradawi, Fiqh of Priorities, 25–26; Al-Qaradawi, The Priorities of the Islamic Movement in the Coming Phase, 17–18. Keywords: benefit; c e; e n; e o; e r; e s; fiqh; harm; islamic; jurisprudence; law; n c; n j; p r; principle; priorities; priority; qaradawi; r n; reasoning; u f; u r
• Popular Sovereignty, Islam, and Democracy (2003)* by Perry, Glenn E. (2024.0) - The argument that divine sovereignty and popular sovereignty are opposite principles thus becomes the basis for arguing that Islam and democracy are fundamentally at odds, even if the analysis of this topic remains undeveloped.14 106  A M E R I C A N J O U R Thus the key to democracy is effec- tive popular control within various limits (e.g., the existence of certain immutable divine rules), not the abstruse doctrine of popular sovereignty (a form of absolutism), which indeed clashes with the Islamic notion of divine sovereignty, just as any form of human sovereignty, including the “popular” variety, today is increasingly coming to be viewed as a dangerous “ghost” that needs to be exorcised.32 P E R R Y: P O P Keywords: democracy; divine; e r; law; people; r n; r r; sovereignty
• От исламского модернизма к теоретизированию авторитаризма: Бин Баййа и политизация мак̣а̄с̣ид-дискурса by Х ЕЛМИ, ЙОМНА (2024.0) - Соответственно, он требовал, чтобы мусульман- ские законоведы использовали свои рассуждения для изучения действительности своих обществ, чтобы определить, что при- носит пользу обществу и что само общество считает полез- ным[37]. Тем не менее, когда он дает определение совре- менному государству, Бин Баййа принимает теорию Макса Вебера, утверждающую, что государство имеет право приме- нять физическое принуждение и угнетение в пределах данной территории при условии прозрачности и добросовестного использования этого права. Keywords: ibid; islamic; law; авторитаризма; баййа; более; был; были; быть; да̄р; демократии; для; его; журнал; ибн; или; ислама; исламских; исламского; источников; йомна; к̣арад̣а̄вӣ; как; качестве; которая; которые; мак̣а̄с̣ид; мак̣а̄с̣ид аш; мас̣лах̣и; модернизма; может; мусульманских; мух̣аммад; на мак̣а̄с̣ид; оаэ; образом; общества; однако; они; ориентированный; отношении; подход; права; правовой; правовых; против; реформаторов; рид̣а̄; также; таким; тем; теоретизированию; теории; того; том; ус̣ӯл; ус̣ӯл ал; утверждает; ученых; фик̣х; хелми; целей; человека; что; чтобы; ша̄т̣ибӣ; ша̄фи‘ӣ; шарӣ‘а; является
• До мак̣а̄с̣ид: раскрытие видения оспариваемых выгод (мас̣а̄лих̣) в классической шафи‘итской школе by СУФИ, Йусеф (2024.0) - Но я также подчеркивал, что в классической модели оспаривание выгоды гораздо более заметно, чем в современной модели мак̣а̄си̣д. Мы можем видеть, что ал-Джувайни интерпретирует Писание через призму выгоды в известном диспуте, который произошел в 1083 году в Keywords: ibid; islamic; law; абу; американский; бейрут; более; брака; бурха̄н; быть; время; выгоды; выгоды в; газали; дар ал; джувайни; для; должен; его; если; журнал; закона; и ал; ибн; изд; или; ислама; йусеф; к̣иблы; как; когда; которые; маварди; мак̣а̄с̣ид; между; могут; модель; может; например; образом; общества; они; опекунства; права; правоведы; правовой; правовых; причины; суфи; также; таким; теории; того; том; ус̣ӯл ал; утверждает; фик̣х; человеческой; что; что ал; чтобы; шафи‘итов; шафи‘итской; шафи‘иты; ширази; это; является
• Мак̣а̄с̣ид и обновление исламской правовой теории в дискурсе ‘Абдуллаха бин Баййа by Бека, Резарт (2024.0) - Цитируется в Бин Баййа, Иса̄ра̄т, 73; Маша̄хид, 119–120. 87. Цитируется в Бин Баййа, Иса̄ра̄т, 84. Keywords: hallaq; islamic; law; аналогия; баййа; бека; более; в исламской; в правовой; внимание; да̄р; для; его; журнал; и в; иджтиха̄да; или; иса̄ра̄т; ислама; ислама и; исламского; исламской правовой; истидла̄л; как; когда; которая; которые; мак̣а̄с̣ид; мак̣а̄с̣ид для; мак̣ас̣̄ид; маша̄хид; между; менее; мнению; может; например; обновление; обновление исламской; обоснования; образом; общества; они; отношении; постановления; права; правовая; правового; правовой теории; правовых; представляет; резарт; роль; системы; следовательно; случае; случаях; собой; состоит; структуру; также; таким; та‘лӣл; текста; текстов; тем; теории и; того; ус̣ӯл; утверждает; фик̣х; хотя; цели; что; чтобы; шарӣ‘а; эти; это; этой; этом; этот; юридической; является
• An Outline of the Historical Evolution of Qawā‘id Literature in Islamic Law by Kızılkaya, Necmettin (2011.0) - Joseph Schacht mentions al-qawā‘id al-fiqhiyyah in the glossary of his An Introduction to Islamic Law as “rules” and “the technical principles of positive law.”17 The author derived al-qawā‘id al-fiqhiyyah from the prominent Mālikī al-Qādī ‘Abd al-Wahhāb’s (d. 422/1031) Keywords: abd; abd al; abū; allāh; ashbāh; aḥmad; beirut; dār; dār al; dīn; fiqhiyyah; ibn; ibn al; islamic; jurists; law; lebanon; literature; muḥammad; naẓā’ir; principles; qawā‘id; qawā‘id al; qā‘idah; vol; wa al; works
• Bir Modern Zamanlar Alimi Olarak Şeyh Google: İnternet, Geleneksel Ulema ve Kendi Kendine Öğrenme: (Çev. Ahmet Arif Günaydın) by Hamdeh, emad (2024.0) - geçmiş kurum ve kişilerle kurulan bağ yatmaktadır; bu bağlar için Peygamber’e kadar uzanan isnat, bir hocadan alınan icazet ya da bir Sufi şeyhine bağlılık gösteren mürit örnek gös- terilebilir.[8] William Graham “Gelenekçiliğin” değişimi reddediş olmadığını, ancak toplumun reformu için yegane sağlıklı yolun model oluşturan bir geçmiş ve bir kişiyle kurulacak bağ olduğuna dair inanç olduğunu belirtir. Gelenekçi Müslüman alim- ler, bilginin bir hocadan bir talebeye iletilmesi ile otoritenin oluşturulduğuna ve aktarıldığına inanırlar. Keywords: 04-(%!4; 6*%;4-(-.%f':7%g;;)4; abū; adına; alimi; alimler; alimlerin; ancak; artık; aynı; ayrıca; açıdan; başka; belirtir; bilgi; bilginin; bir; birlikte; bkz; büyük; daha; dair; değildir; dini; diğer; doğru; dār; ebu; entelektüel; etmek; eğitim; eğitimin; fakat; geleneksel; gelenekçiler; genelde; geçmiş; ghudda; gibi; göre; hadis; hakkında; hem; hocadan; hocanın; hukuki; ibn; ile; ilmi; insanların; internet; ise; islamic; için; i̇slami; i̇slam’ın; journal; kabul; kadar; karşı; kendi; kendine; kutsal; law; manevi; matbaanın; media; metinleri; metni; meydan; modern; muhammed; mümkün; müslüman; müslümanların; new; olan; olarak; olduğu; olmadan; olması; ortaya; osmanlı; otorite; otoritenin; pek; peygamber’in; press; sahip; sistemi; sonra; studies; sıradan; tarafından; ulema; ulemanın; university; ya da; yalnızca; yanlış; yeni; yeniden; yerine; yol; zaman; çevrim; çok; çünkü; önce; önemli; örneğin; öğrenci; öğrencilerin; öğrenme; üzerinden; üzerine; şekilde; şey
• İslami Modernizmden Otoriteryenizmin Kuramlaştırılmasına: Abdullah bin Beyye ve Makâsıd Söyleminin Siyasallaştırılması by Helmy, Yomna (2024.0) - İkincisi ise geleneksel ve dinî bir çağrıdır; buna göre güncel bağlam ve realiteler göz ardı edilmekte ve dolayısıyla mevcut zorluklarla mücadelede İslam hukukunun çağdaş bir şekilde yorumlanmasına ve uygulan- masına izin verilmemektedir.[86] Bin Beyye’ye göre bu ikilik, sömürgeciliğin et- kilerinin ve on dokuzuncu yüzyılın başında İslam devletinin çöküşünden sonra Müslümanların karşılaştığı zorlukların bir sonucudur. Kâsımî (ö. 1332/1914) er-Risâle’yi, tefsirin maslahat ile ilgili kısımla- rını seçerek yeni bir versiyonda, dipnotlar ve Risâle fi’ l-Mesalihi’ l-Mürsele adıyla üç risale hâlinde 1324/1906 yılında Beyrut’ta Mecmû’ Resâil fî Usûli’ l-Fıkh adıyla yayımlamıştır. Keywords: 5"7?*!@'0,)?a7'0)*b:@,?:0,c0)?a7?)*d3,"75"6:&,&57"%; a.g.e; abdullah; abdullah bin; adalet; ancak; arap; arasında; ayrıca; bae; bağımsız; belirli; beyye; beş; bin; bin beyye; bin beyye’nin; bir; birlikte; bkz; cambridge; daha; demokrasi; dolayısıyla; farklı; fıkıh; geleneksel; gerektiğini; gibi; göre; hallaq; hukuki; hukukunun; iddia; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; insan; ise; islamic; için; i̇slam; kabul; kahire; karadâvî; karşı; klasik; konusu; kur’an; law; makâsıd; makâsıd odaklı; makâsıdü’ş; makâsıdın; maslahat; menât; modern; modernist; muhammed; müslüman; nasıl; odaklı; olan; olarak; olduğunu; opwis; ortaya; press; ramazan; reformcular; rızâ; sharī‘ah; siyasi; sonra; söyleminin; söz; tarafından; teorisi; theory; thought; usûl; veya; yaklaşım; yeni; yeniden; yüksek; çağdaş; örneğin; şekilde; şeriatın; şerîa; şâtıbî
• ajiss-3696 by None (None) - Due to the fact that Awass discusses a broad time span—from the classical period to modern day and is not limited geographically, this text is ideally suited for students that are interested in gaining a broad view of Islamic legal history, through the case study of the fatwa. Fatwa and the Making and Renewal of Islamic Law is a valuable contribution to the field of Islamic legal theory, history and develop- ment. Keywords: awass; fatwa; islamic; law; sunnī
• ajiss-3758 by None (None) - His argument is particularly relevant in contemporary debates on Islamic legal reform, as it suggests that meaningful change does not necessarily require abandon- ing taqlīd but rather re-engaging with its epistemological foundations. He engages with the famous maxim, “Istafti qalbaka wa-in aftāka al-nāsu wa-aftūka” (“Consult your heart, even if people issue legal opinions for you”), to explore the tension between autonomy and trust in Islamic legal practice. Keywords: fadel; jurisprudence; law; taqlīd
• ajiss-379 by None (None) - It is also argued that mu`atah, the attaching of specific price tags to the displayed goods, constitutes valid offer. Common law does not recognize such catalogues, statements, circular letters, and price quotations as valid offers because there is a lack certainty in the so-called offer, as the element of intention to contract is absent.25 SALES OF SHARES. Keywords: contract; display; goods; intention; invitation; islamic; law; mu`atah; offer; price; seller; statement
• ajiss-3872 by None (None) - Третья модель разрешения споров в Аннотация Мусульмане в Северной Америке, стремясь разре- шить свои частные споры, сталкиваются с много- гранными проблемами доступа к правосудию. Keywords: 39:3–4; beirut; dār al; family; ibid; ibn; islamic; journal; law; vols; али; брака; быть; властей; для; его; журнал; или; ислама; исламского; ка̄д̣ӣ; как; конкуренция; которые; между; может; мусульманских; общества; они; права; правовой; при; развода; разрешения; религиозных; решение; с̣улх̣; северной; семейных; системы; споров; суда; судебной; судей; судьи; также; того; условия; хул; что; чтобы; это; юридических; юсеф; является
• ajiss-3873 by None (None) - в области политологии в Аннотация В настоящей статье я объясняю, почему отсутствие дискуссий между политической теорией и сравни- тельной политологией привело к недостаточному пониманию политики традиционными исламскими учеными и исламистами в американской политиче- ской науке. Keywords: cambridge; democracy; ibid; islamic; journal; law; new; oxford; politics; press; princeton; university; university press; york; а не; более; быть; государства; группировок; демократии; джамаат; для; его; журнал; изучения; или; индонезии; институтов; ислама; ислама и; исламистских; исламского; как; когда; которая; которые; либеральных; маудуди; между; может; можно; мусульманских; например; общества; однако; она; они; пакистана; партии; политической; политологии; поскольку; права; проблемы; своей; сравнительной; табинна; также; текстов; теории; того; только; том; традиции; улемов; хан; что; чтобы; шариата; является
• ajiss-3934 by None (None) - Özünde bir hüküm meşru bir yetkili ta- rafından ilahi bir kaynağa göre verilen ve bir anlaşmazlığı geri dönülemez bir şekilde çözen hukuki ve ahlaki olarak bağlayıcı bir yargıdır.[31] Hüküm yalnızca davacıları bağlamakla kalmaz, aynı konuda farklı bir görüşe sahip olabilecek fıkıhçılar gibi üçüncü tara*arı da ahlaki olarak sorumlu kılar.[32] Bir hükmün otoriter olması “herhangi bir hukuk kuralına uygun olmasından değil Evliliğe ilişkin bu dinî algıya rağmen, !slam hukuku diğer şeri hukuk- lara kıyasla evliliği bir “statü” olmaktan çıkarıp bir “sözleşme” hâline getiren muhtemelen ilk hukuktur.[8] Evlilik ilişkisini, dinî bir görevi yerine getirmeyi taahhüt eden, hukuki ve ahlaki açıdan sorumlu iki birey arasında bağlayıcı bir dinî anlaşma ve hukuki bir eylem olarak ele alır.[9] Bu sosyal ve dinî sözleşme otomatik olarak ! Keywords: a.g.e; aile; ancak; arasında; baskı; bazı; bağlayıcı; bağlı; beyrut; bir; bkz; boşanma; daha; de=+9)@3+;,4"f-")2#$"3,)@,$+)ge4e4e)1+)h";'ih";j'#"$)k6;+l$+; dinî; dârü’l; eder; elde; evlilik; family; farklı; feshi; fesih; fıkhi; gayrimüslim; genel; hakları; hem; hukuku; hukukunun; ilgili; ilişkin; ise; islamic; için; journal; kadıların; kararı; kocanın; konusunda; kuzey; law; modern; muhammed; müslüman; nşr; olan; olarak; rağmen; sahip; seküler; siyasi; slam; sosyal; sulh; tahkim; tarafından; temel; toplumsal; uygun; veya; yargı; yasal; yazılı; yerine; yoluyla; çok; çoğu; şekilde
• ajiss-528 by None (None) - The discussion explores the inherent chal­ lenges in reconciling the equally entrenched and passionate views of pro-Shari'ah supporters on their right to freedom of religion with those that question its application in terms of human rights norms and obligations, and its constitutional legal­ ity. Reconciling Rights and Obligations: An Examination of Shari' ah Penal Reform in Northern Nigeria Pernille Ironside Keywords: law
• In Quest of Justice: Islamic Law and Forensic Medicine in Modern Egypt (by Khaled Fahmy) by Anchassi, Omar (2019.0) - —Ibn al-Malak al-Rūmī (d. 854/1450-1)2 From this it is evident that dissection (tashrīḥ), which necessarily entails opening up the stomach, as we have said, is not permissible (lā yajūz). Muḥammad b. ‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Laṭīf b. ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Karmānī al-Rūmī al-Ḥanafī, more commonly Ibn al-Malak. Keywords: fahmy; fiqh; ibn; islamic; law; siyāsa
• The Wars of Jurisprudence: Clash between Contractual Justice and Freedom of Contract (by Faiz Abdullah) by Wani, Gowhar Quadir (2019.0) - The present book is based on the author’s doctoral research (duly modified) on contract law in Malaysia. To ameliorate this situation, the doctrine of contractual freedom needs to be revisited and re-examined, thereby introducing proper reforms in contract laws, in keeping with the “changing commercial and economic realities as well as changing legal and juristic thinking in other common law jurisdictions” (11). Keywords: contract; justice; law
• Hermeneutics in the Genre of Mukhtaṣar: Civil and Commercial Law in Islamic Law by Husain Kassim by Shareef, Umar (2020.0) - For example, he claims the Ḥanbalī jurist al-Khiraqī, by virtue of using hadith, employs the hermeneutics of al-Shāfiʿī and thus contributes to the development and systemization of the legal system—but he provides no evi- dence of such an approach nor explains how it specifically impacts the Ḥan- balī school (96). Focusing on civil and commercial law, Husain Kassim’s argument is twofold: first, that mukhtaṣars are more than just succinct legal summaries of earlier jurists but also that in their own right they work to structure the law by incor- porating the hermeneutical methodology of al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820); and, second, that mukhtaṣars reflect legal development and change over time, a view most clearly expressed in their articulation of new legal positions 157Book Reviews not found in the works of earlier jurists. Keywords: kassim; law; mukhtaṣar
• Law, Empire, and the Sultan: Ottoman Imperial Authority and Late Ḥanafī Jurisprudence by Samy A. Ayoub by Anchassi, Omar (2020.0) - See, for example, the extensive discussion of this issue by Ibn al-Mundhir (d. 318/930) in his encyclopaedic al-Awsaṭ min al-sunan wa-l-ijmāʿ wa-l-ikhtilāf, ed. Beirut: al-Maṭbaʿa al-adabiyya, 1302/1884-5, 247. 3. Keywords: ayoub; jurists; late; law; mecelle; ottoman
• Shari‘ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria’s Islamic Revolution By Sarah Eltantawi (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017. 272 pages.) by Kane, Ousmane (2018.0) - This move to restore Islamic penal law was well received in the predominantly Muslim states of Northern Nigeria—indeed so much so that a grassroots movement in sup- port of the full Sharia forced the governors of another eleven Muslim states of Northern Nigeria to introduce some forms of Sharia in their criminal legislation. Shari‘ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria’s Islamic Revolution is an excellent study of Northern Nigeria Sharia politics. Keywords: islamic; law; nigeria; northern
• The Codification of Islamic Criminal Law in the Sudan: Penal Codes and Supreme Court Case Law Under Numayrī and al-Bashīr by Olaf Köndgen by Abdel Halim, Asma M. (2020.0) - Köndgen appreciates other factors that impinge upon the interpreta- tion and implementation of shari‘a laws. Chapter two offers a short history of Islamic laws in the Sudan since the Sultanate of Sinnar (rn. 16th-18th century). Keywords: court; islamic; law
• The Sharī‘a and Islamic Criminal Justice in Time of war and Peace: By M. Cherif Bassiouni (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 405 pages.) by Laabdi, Mourad (2015.0) - On the question of Islamic law’s compatibility with international humanitarian law, he demonstrates that the Shari‘ah is one of the earliest legal systems to develop what is known today as armed conflict laws. Page 107 author’s sincere endeavor to derive appropriate tools from Islamic law to ad- dress contemporary issues of post-conflict and transitional justice. Keywords: bassiouni; islamic; justice; law

• Sufi Narratives of Intimacy: Ibn Arabi, Gender, and Sexuality By Sa’diyya Shaikh (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. 304 pages.) by Schubel, Vernon James (2014.0) - Sufi Narratives of Intimacy: Ibn Arabi, Gender, and Sexuality Sa’diyya Shaikh Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. Sa’diyya Shaikh’s groundbreaking Sufi Narratives of Intimacy: Ibn Arabi, Gender, and Sexuality not only makes a significant contribution to the growing body of scholarship on issues of gender and Islam, but also serves as an elo- quent and accessible introduction to the life and work of Muhyi al-Din ibn Arabi, unquestionably one of the most important voices in the Islamic tradi- tion. Keywords: arabi; gender; ibn
• Ibn ‘Arabi and the Contemporary West: Beshara and the Ibn ‘Arabi Society By Isobel Jeffery-Street (Sheffield, UK and Oakville, CT: Equinox, 2012. 298 pages.) by Lipton, G. A. (2014.0) - Chapter 4 offers “summaries of the principal texts and teachings of the works of Ibn ‘Arabi used for study by the Beshara School” (p. 89). While such an association has been normalized within Western treatments of Ibn ‘Arabi and is, as Taji-Farouki notes, “consolidated through an emphasis of the Oneness of Being as a unifying theme” (Taji-Farouki, p. 189), it does not reflect the Andalusian Sufi’s repeated metaphysical assertion of the Prophet Muhammad’s cosmic supremacy and an attendant acceptance of Islamic su- persessionism.2 Indeed, Jeffery-Street’s uncritical appropriation of universalist interpretive frameworks leads to oversimplifications of Ibn ‘Arabi’s complex ideas regarding “religion” and thus blatant contradictions, such as her assertion that Ibn ‘Arabi “does not reject outward polytheism, provided that the wor- shippers of images and idols realize that there is one Reality behind these forms,” while on the same page stating “[a]ccording to Ibn ‘Arabi, an aware- 142 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:4 ajiss31-4_ajiss 9/26/2014 2:45 PM Page 142 ness of immanence alone leads to polytheism, which he strongly denounces” (p. 108). Keywords: arabi; beshara; ibn
• The Burdah as a Sufi and Healing Document by Ibrahim, Mohammad Saani (2013.0) - ‘Abd Allah al-Sanhaji al-Busiri al-Masri Sharaf ad-Din Abu ‘Abd Allah. Abstract The author of this article proposes that the Burdah of al-Busiri is a multi-thematic poetical work with multi-functional uses. Keywords: ajiss301; burdah; busiri; healing; ibid; ibn; latest_ajiss; poem; prophet; sufi; verses
• Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought: A Compendium of English-Arabic Texts By Bradley J. Cook and Fathi H. Malkawi, ed. (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press. August 2011, hbk, 305 pages.) by Meisami, Sayeh (2012.0) - However, regardless of political considerations, most Western scholars seem to have paid less at- tention to Islamic education as a concept worthy of attention. The introduction of the book is an exposition of some basic ideas in Islamic education. Keywords: education; ibn; islamic
• Said the Prophet of God: Hadith Commentary Across a Millennium by Joel Blecher by Omar, Ameen (2018.0) - His com- mentary on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī is described as being accessible in the sense that it abridged Fatḥ al-bārī and existed on the margins of another text, providing two commentaries in one (158). In examining the commentarial legacy of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Joel Blecher’s Said the Prophet of God provides a panoramic view of exegetical actors across space and time who participat- ed in commentarial production through recitals, written texts, and video recording. Keywords: blecher; commentary; hadith; ibn
• Narrating Muhammad’s Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn Abbas Ascension Discourse by Frederick S. Colby (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008. 314 pages.) by Rippin, Andrew (2009.0) - First this is pursued through the material found in Qur’anic commentaries, primarily those of al-Tabari (d. 923), al-Qummi (d. ca. 919), and al-Tha`labi (d. 1035); attention subsequently turns to versions connected to writers from the area of Nishapur, including the traditionists Book Reviews 117 ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:15 PM Finally, an analysis is conducted of the “total and complete” version attributed (somewhat for convenience’s sake) to the shadowy historical figure Abu al-Hasan al-Bakri (d. perhaps in the thirteenth century but also perhaps in the ninth century, and to whom later works were attributed). Keywords: ibn
• Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal: Insights into Classical Arabic Literature and Islam by Sebastian Günther, ed. (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2005. 468 pages.) by Rippin, Andrew (2007.0) - Alexei A. Khismatulin looks at al-Ghazzali (d. 1111) and his Persian work The Alchemy of Happiness. Frank Griffel examines al-Ghazzali’s Incoherence of the Philosophers, specifically paying attention to its introductory chapters, in which al-Ghazzali presents his over- all argument for the philosophers’ epistemological failings. Keywords: ibn; islamic
• The Development of Early Sunnite Hadith Criticism: The Taqdima of Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi (240/854-327/938) by Eerik Dickinson (Leiden, Brill, 2001. 146 pages.) by Qureshi, Jawad (2007.0) - The author’s The Develop- ment of Early Sunnite Hadith Criticism: The Taqdima of Ibn Abi Hatim al- Razi (240/854-327/938) proposes to fill in some of those gaps. Chapter 1, “Hadith in the Time of Ibn Abi Hatim,” provides the setting for Ibn Abi Hatim’s career. Keywords: hadith; hatim; ibn
• Ranks of the Divine Seekers: A Parallel English-Arabic Text. Volume 1. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Translated, Annotated and Introduced by Ovamir Anjum by Bosanquet, Antonia (2020.0) - In Madārij Ibn al-Qayyim seeks to restore the primacy of the Qur’an and Prophetic example in spiritual practice and to warn the reader against excessive experientialism or antinomianism. Ibn al-Qayyim’s ap- proach to al-Harawī ranges from reverential to critical, particularly where he sees al-Harawī as neglecting the place of the Scriptures in the practice of devotion. Keywords: anjum; ibn; qayyim
• The Book of Revenue: By Abu `Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, trans. Imran A. K. Nyazee (Reading, UK: Garnet Pub. Ltd. and Doha, Qatar: The Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization, 2003. 608 pages.) by DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal (2004.0) - He (Abu’l-Hasan Ahmad ibn `Ali) was com- monly known as Ibn al-Bada, and I was told by a certain Shaykh that he was (known as) al-Badi’. In the “Introduction: The Ruler and the Wealth of Subjects,” footnote 2 (p. 3) explains that the nar- rator was called al-Badi’ or (in the text itself) Keywords: ibn; islamic; work
• Remembering Ibn Rushd by Malkawi, Fathi Hasan (1998.0) - Editorial Remembering Ibn Rushd This year is the 800th anniversary of Ibn Rushd's (1 128-1 198) death. Although Ibn Rushd has an important position in the Islamic intellec- tual legacy, his contributions have not received due recognition in the Muslim world. Keywords: ibn; islamic; philosophy; rushd
• Celebrating Ibn Rushd’s Eight-Hundredth Anniversary by Fakhry, Majid (1998.0) - A major theme of the Carthage symposium was Ibn Rushd’s contribu- tion to the perennial problem of the relation of philosophy and religion, which was the focus of two lectures by Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al- Zahiri and Salem Hamish, who expounded on Ibn Rushd‘s attempt to reconcile philosophy (ul-hikmah) and religion (al-Shari‘ah) in two famous treatises, The Decisive Treutise (Fasl al-Maqal) and The Expsition of the Methods ofProof(A1-Kashf ‘an Manahij al-Adillah). Ammar Jum‘a al-Talbi spoke on the subject of jurisprudence and its fundamental principles according to Ibn Rushd. Keywords: ibn; philosophy; rushd; scholars
• lbn Sina and Mysticism by Hawi, Sami S. (1998.0) - Ibn Sina and Mysticism: Remarks and Admonitions (Al-Isharat wa al-Tanbihat), Part Four. Hawi: Ibn Sina and Mysticism I shall now consider the preceding points: 93 The Translation Keywords: author; happiness; hawi; ibn; ibn sina; inati; isharat; islamic; mysticism; pleasure; sina; soul; views
• ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS by Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1997.0) - Futures options represent listed puts and calls on a select but growing number of standardized futures contracts. In other words, futures options are valued like any other listed puts and calls by reference to the differences in the option’s striking price and the market price of the underlying futures contract. Keywords: analysis; buyer; contract; futures; futures contract; ibn; islamic; money; option; option buyer; options trading; premium; price; sale; seller; time; trading
• On the Limitation and Openendedness of the Shari‘ah’s Necessary Universals: A Perspective by Yusuf, AbdulHameed Badmas (2016.0) - See al-Raysuni, Naẓarīyat al-Maqāṣid ‘inda al-Imām al-Shāṭibī, 4th ed. Amin Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad al-Sadiq al-‘Abidi (Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, 1419/1999), 4:194. 49. Keywords: humanity; ibn; intellect; islamic; life; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; preservation; progeny; religion; shari‘ah; universals; values
• Islamic Commercial Law: An Analysis of Futures by Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (1996.0) - It is also said that futures sales consist merely of an exchange of promises made for the sole purpose of speculative profit making. However, if the seller does not own the item, its ownership cannot be transferred Third, it is said that futures sales fall short of meeting the requirements of qw, or taking possession of the item prior to resale. Keywords: buyer; commodity; contract; delivery; futures; futures trading; goods; hadith; ibn; islamic; market; person; possession; price; sale; seller; taking; time; trading
• The Rights of the Accused in Islam (Part Two) by al ‘Alwani, Taha J. (1994.0) - a1 Turuq a1 Huknrsyah, p. 104. 184-85; al Dasqi ‘ah a1 Sharh a1 Kabir, vol. 3, p. 348; a1 Kharashi, vol. 6, p. 87; a1 Muhalki, vol. 2, p. 288 and a1 Bahr a1 zakhkhcjr, vol. 5, p. 3. Keywords: allah; case; confession; duress; evidence; ibn; prophet; rights; vol
• The Development of Ijma': The Practices of the Khulafa 'al Rashidun and the Views of the Classical Fuqaha' by Faruqi, Muhammad Y. (1992.0) - llMfiammad ibn IsG‘il al Bukhiri, a1 JCmi ‘ a1 %ih (Cairo: Dir wa MaGbi‘ al Sha‘b, n.d.), vol. 1, part 2, 131; Muhammad ibn +ad al Ap-, ‘Umdat a1 QCri’ (Beirut: Dir @yi’ al Turith al ‘Arqbi, n.d.), vol. 8,243-6; ‘Miibn Muhammad al M Their oft-repeated references to the agreed- ibn ‘Mi, Musnad Zayd ibn Ali (Beirut: Dir al Kutub al ‘Ilnniyah, M3/1983), 261. Keywords: abii; authority; cairo; companions; consensus; hadith; ibn; ijmii; jurists; majority; people; prophet; sunnah; ummah; vol
• Orientalism on Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Case of Arthur Jeffery by Choudhury, Mohammad A. (1995.0) - Anis, Ft al Lahajiit al 'Arahiyah. 117; Sub}:ii al SaliQ, Diriisiit fl Fiqh al Lughah (Beirut: 1978), 300. 53. ' To understand the extent and role of various Arabic dialects as regards the various reading styles without going into dialectal details, it is impor­ tant to point out that it is generally accepted that the Qur'an was revealed in the common Arabic (al lughah al 'Arahzyah al mushtarakah), a lan­ guage understood throughout the peninsula and used by poets and orators as a medium of communication.47 As this common Arabic, which was the vehicle for Qur'anic expression, had a vivid impress of the Quraysh-1 dialect on it, it is generally assumed that the Qur'an was revealed in that particular dialect. Keywords: a.h; codices; ibid; ibn; jeffery; lbn; materials; prophet; qur'an; readings; recension; text; variant
• The Early Sufi Tradition in Hamadān, Nahāwand, and Abhar: Stories of Devotion, Mystical Experiences, and Sufi Texts by Saeidi, Fateh (2023.0) - Additionally, Abū Nuʻaym mentions other anecdotes about Kahmaṣ that resemble those of another pious worshiper (ʻābid) from Basra named Abū al-Ḥasan al-Tamīmī (d. 149/766), whom al-Dhahabī (d.748/1344) refers to as Kahmaṣ too.18 Abū al-Qāsim ibn Marwān al-Nahāwandī al-Sufi, also known as Ibn Mardān, was a Sufi associated with the Sufi circle of Baghdad. The early development of Sufism in Hamadān and its neighboring centers, namely Nahāwand2 and Abhar,3 can primarily be attributed to the Sufis from Baghdad.4 Furthermore, it is noteworthy that al-Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/910), a pivotal figure in the spiritual lineage of numerous Sufi orders, was of Nahāwandī descent.5 The majority of Jibāl cities, including Hamadān, Nahāwand, and Rayy, were strategically located along the Silk Road, a vital trade route serving as the crossroads between the central hub of the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq and the Khūrāsān region. Keywords: abharī; abū; bābā; e r; e t; hamadān; ibn; ibn al; jaʻfar; jibāl; n d; qūmsānī; r n; region; sufism; yazdānyār
• Islamic Legal Perspectives on Genetically Modified Food by Bouzenita, Anke Iman (2010.0) - Walid Khalid al-Rabi`, Ahkam al-At`imah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami: Dirasah Muqa- ranah (Amman: Dar al-Nafa’is li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi`, 2008), 57. 72. Majallat al-Buhuth al-Fiqhiyah al-Mu`asirah, no. 31 (1417 AH), 27; quoted in Azyuf, “Nazarat,” 38. 50. Keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss-27-1-final-obay.qxp; case; characteristics; consumption; effects; food; gmf; gmos; halal; ibn; impure; islamic; page; pdf; research; rule; substance; trial; version
• ajiss-3875 by None (None) - Я сосредоточусь преимуще- ственно на понимании касб (и зухд в значении «отречение») в экономических вопросах и концептуально и критически рас- смотрю мас̣лах̣а как этическую категорию, которая согласуется с более целостным видением адаб человеческой природы в от- ношении экономического обеспечения и благосостояния. То, что мы се- годня называем «экономикой» или «экономической наукой»13, имеет довольно мало общего с ойкономией («ойкос» как до- машнее хозяйство и «номос» как закон; в целом — «управление домашними делами») и присутствовало в классических ислам- ских текстах с VIII по XIII век, опираясь на Keywords: 39:3–4; adab; beirut; dār al; ghazālī; ibid; ibn; islamic; iḥyā; kitāb; kitāb al; university; vol; wa al; адаб; аль; богатства; более; газали; дагистани; деятельности; для; должен; других; его; если; жизни; журнал; зухд; и аль; ибн; или; имеет; ислама; исламской; как; касб; контексте; которые; либо; маварди; мас̣лах̣а; между; может; мысли; например; нафс; общества; однако; означает; поведения; поскольку; рамками; сами; сийа̄са; также; того; только; утверждает; ученых; хотя; часто; человека; что; чтобы; шариата; экономической; этом; является
• ajiss-428 by None (None) - In the thirteenth century, the prominent Shi`i jurist Takim: The Origins and Evaluations of Hadith Transmitters 39 al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (d. 1277) proposed adopting ijtihad as an important source of law.61 By doing so, he was sacrificing certitude and accepting an element of probability in the Shi`i juridical system. Forms of Authentications in the Biographical Literature A salient feature of Shi`i biographical texts is that a transmitter can be authen- ticated in two distinct ways: al-tawthiqat al-khassah (specified authentica- tion) refers to authenticating one disciple as opposed to al-tawthiqat al- `ammah (generalized authentication), in which several people are authenti- cated at the same time. Keywords: biographical; hadith; ibn; ibn al; imams; later; muhammad; najashi; rijal; scholars; shi`i; traditions; transmitters; tusi; works
• ajiss-455 by None (None) - ”101 • Yuhanna bin Masawayh hired Hunayn to translate the following Greek books into Syriac: Fi al-Izam,102 Fi Nadb,103 Fi al-Buhran,104 Kitab fi ma Waqa`a min al-Ikhtilaf fi al-Tashrih,105 Kitab fi Tashrih Alat al-Sawt,106 Kitab fi Tashrih al-`Ayn,107 Kitab fi Harakat al- Sadr,108 Kitab fi al-Sawt,109 Kitab fi al-Adwiyah al-Mufradah,110 and Kitab fi al-Akhlaq.111 • Yahya bin Masawayh, who translated Kitab fi Tartib al-Adwiyah.112 Söylemez: The Jundishapur School 17 • Hunayn, who translated Galenos’ For example, Ibn Isal al-Tabib al-Nasrani served as Mu`awiyah’s royal doctor, and Abu Hakam Damascene and Tayazuk were also employed.40 The school lost its previous splendor under the `Abbasids, because its doctors migrated to the capital city, Baghdad, where they found jobs in the newly founded institutions. Keywords: arabic; baghdad; bin; books; city; greek; hunayn; ibid; ibn; information; islamic; jundishapur; jundishapur school; medical; pahlawi; scholars; school; sciences; students; syriac; ta’rikh
• ajiss-481 by None (None) - She then presents a representa- tive selection of biographical details that paint Ibn al-Mubārak as a devout worshipper with high moral character, a scholar of ḥadīth and fiqh, yet also a wealthy and philanthropic trader and a brave man who spent much time 69 guarding the frontiers. Book Reviews The Emergence of Early Sufi Piety and Sunni Scholasticism: ‘Abdallāh b. al-Mubārak and the Formation of Sunni Identity in the Second Islamic Century Feryal Salem Leiden: Brill, 2016. Keywords: ibn; mubārak; salem; zuhd
• Applying Ibn Khaldūn: The Recovery of a Lost Tradition in Sociology By Syed Farid Alatas (London: Routledge, 2014. 295 pages.) by Mohamed, Yasien (2019.0) - He states that only a few studies have “gone beyond mere comparison of some ideas and concepts in Ibn Khaldūn with those of modern western thinkers, towards theoretical integration of his theory into a framework that employs some of the tools of modern social sciences” (49). (48) Again, many scholars have written on Ibn Khaldūn, but most treat him as an historical figure or present him as a precursor to modern social thinkers. Keywords: alatas; ibn; khaldūn; theory
• Islam without Europe: Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought By Ahmad S. Dallal (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 436 pages.) by Lawrence, Bruce B. (2019.0) - Each chapter is marked by meticulous scholarship, but even more by a bold thesis: reform was largely generated within Muslim intellectual circles, devoid of influ- ence or dependence on European action or actors. It is hard to exaggerate the scope or scale of this major monograph from one of the foremost Arab Muslim scholars of his generation, Ahmad Dallal, formerly Provost at the American University of Beirut, and now Dean of Georgetown University Qatar. Keywords: dallal; eighteenth; ibn; islamic
• The Mystics of Andalusia: Ibn Barrajan and Islamic Thought in the Twelfth Century by Yousef Casewit (Cambridge: Cambrdige University Press, 2017. 353 pages.) by Qureshi, Jawad Anwar (2017.0) - The Muʿtabirun were subsumed under the category of “Sufi” by ha- giographers, in particular Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili (d. 627/1231) in his highly influential Al-Tashawwuf ilā Rijāl al-Taṣawwuf. The Mystics of Andalusia: Ibn Barrajan and Islamic Thought in the Twelfth Century Yousef Casewit Cambridge: Cambrdige University Press, 2017. Keywords: barrajan; casewit; ibn; muʿtabirun
• The International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies by Khan, Sameen Ahmed (2016.0) - In the context of optics, the encyclopedic works of Ibn al-Haytham and his teacher Ibn Sahl (940-1000) deserve special mention. Ibn al-Haytham became a central figure in the documents submitted to UNESCO’a board and eventually the UN. Keywords: ibn; international; light; science

• The People Reloaded: The Green Movement and the Struggle for Iran’s Future by Nader Hashemi & Danny Postel, eds. (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing, 2010. pbk. 462 pages) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2011.0) - Besides these two weaknesses, the book is the first to bring together the leading voices and key players in Iran’s Green Movement—providing a vital resource for the study of Iran, social movements, and the future of the Middle East. In his essay, “Strategies of Hope,” Nader Hashemi states: The Green Movement’s nonviolent orientation can best be, affirmed by continuing to articulate a new future for Iran, one that marks a clear his- torical break from the violent past and which is rooted in lessons from other political struggles that have universal appeal, such as ... the Afri- can-American struggle for civil rights and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa. Keywords: green; iran; movement; people
• To Revolt or Not to Revolt: A Muslim Perspective on the Egyptian Experiment by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2011.0) - That Egyptian people suffered a great deal under Mubarak’s regime is acknowledged by many; that his regime was a dictatorship is rejected by a negligible few—and that the Egyptian’s plight would have changed dras- tically in a positive direction had he been allowed to continue his rule is laughable. Hence, with all due respect and absolute difference, even though this editorial is informed less by the political loyalties of the Mufti and more by his meth- odology and line of arguments (the latter being a common problem among some traditional Muslims), both will be addressed. Keywords: egyptian; islamic; mubarak; mufti; people; regime
• Refugees in our Own Land: Chronicles from a Palestinian Refugee Camp in Bethlehem by Muna Hamzeh (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2001. 166 pages.) by Muallem, Ariege (2003.0) - On the other hand, she points out that life in Israel goes on as normal, with people going to work, movies, and restaurants, as if the killing and wounding in the Palestinian camps occurs in a “far-away land.” It seems a bit offensive to imply that such women are not as developed as she herself is, when the role of Palestinian women in the last two Intifadas as well as in the history of Palestine has been shown to be fundamental to both fam- Book Reviews 135 ily life and the resistance itself. Keywords: camp; people; reader
• Leadership and Subordination: An Islamic Perspective by Safi, Louay (1995.0) - Good leaders are usu­ ally good communicators who know when to talk and when to listen and who ensure the flow of opinions and information throughout the orga­ nization. Similarly, the Quraysh was a leading tribe and a tribe of leaders both before and after the advent of Islam. Keywords: abd; followers; goals; good; group; khalid; leadership; members; organization; people; qualities; qur'an; subordinates; task; vision
• A Missing Link in the Islamic Renaissance by Amin, Ahmad (1991.0) - They also knew very little about Arab or European literature, or Arab science - all that they knew about Arab culture was what they remembered fmm the grammar books and literature which they had read during their youth. Such scholars follow a path which is not the path of other people, and they take as their guide that which is not the guide of other people. Keywords: culture; islamic; people; scholars
• Arabic and Islamic Studies in South Africa by Haron, Muhammad (1991.0) - They also knew very little about Arab or European literature, or Arab science - all that they knew about Arab culture was what they remembered fmm the grammar books and literature which they had read during their youth. Such scholars follow a path which is not the path of other people, and they take as their guide that which is not the guide of other people. Keywords: culture; islamic; people; scholars
• The Maitatsine Revolution in Nigeria by Ojo, M. Adeleye (1985.0) - Afertnath of a Tmgedy, Sunday New Nigeria, p. 3, 1112Y82. ’ Ibid. See Sunday New Nigeria, front page, 11/7/82. Keywords: aliens; followers; islamic; jim; jones; maitatsine; nigeria; people; religious; riots; states
• Shaykh Bakrii Saphalo: An Oromo Muslim Cultural Icon by Ali, Mohammed Hassen (2014.0) - Page 93 dents, related a great deal of information about his teacher’s life4; (3) Dima Yonis who, on my behalf, interviewed several former students living in So- malia in 19805; (4) Mohammed Abraham Waday (aka Shantam Subissa), a relative and a student of the shaykh, also supplied valuable information about his teacher’s interest in politics and poetry6; (5) his grandson Mohammed Nur, who lives in Portland, OR, supplied reliable information and some of the shaykh’s poems7; (6) Aliyi Khalifa’s recent work8 on the shaykh’s life and ca- reer, which is based on extensive oral interviews of the latter’s former students; and (7) the collection of Oromo poems published in 1996,9 which includes eight of his poems and earned him the title of “The Father of Revolutionary Oromo Poetry. The dates 1875 and 1887 were turning points Oromo history: 1875 was the first time part of the region’s Oromo fell under Egyptian colonial occupation, and in 1887 all eastern Oromo fell under Menelik’s colonial administration. Keywords: ajiss31; bakrii; career; ethiopia; hassen; ibid; interview; khalifa; language; life; mohammed; oromo; page; people; poems; saphalo; shantam; shaykh; shaykh bakrii; shubissa; system; writing
• The Economic Ideas of Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi by Islahi, Abdul Azim (2010.0) - He says that these forms of contracts were in use before the Prophet (peace be upon him) was born and thus can be used, unless their validity is disputed in general or the Prophet specifically pro- hibited them.97 Out of the types of wisdom mentioned above, al-hikmah al-ma`ashiyah and al-hikmah al-manziliyah are related to sociological studies, while al- hikmah al-iktisabiyah, al-hikmah al-ta`amuliyah, and al-hikmah al-ta`awu- niyah come under the subject of economics. The Economic Ideas of Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi Abdul Azim Islahi Abstract Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1174 AH/1762 CE) stands in the Indian subcontinent’s history as a link between medieval and modern Islamic thought. Keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp; allah al; development; dihlawi; hujjat; ibid; islamic; money; page; pdf; people; shah; stage; trial; version; wali

• The Second International Conference on Contemporary Scholarship on Islam: The Legacy of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi by Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz (2014.0) - The “Comparative Religion” sub-theme consisted of such papers as “Is- mail Raji al-Faruqi in the Context of Muslim Scholarship in Comparative Re- ligion,” “Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and His Methods in the Study of Religions,” “Meta-Religion and the Discipline of Comparative Religion,” “Wilfred C. Smith and Ismail R. al-Faruqi on Religion and Religious Experience,” “The Role of Inter-Religious Dialogue in Resolving Religious Conflicts,” and “The Role of Islam in Global Inter-Religious Dependence.” He stated that al-Faruqi dedicated his life to calling upon Muslims to revive that sprit. Keywords: faruqi; islamic; religion; thought
• Religion, the Public Good, and the Research University by Rosengarten, Richard A. (2010.0) - This is an index of his art: it compels us to think harder than we otherwise might about both whether, and if so how, religions can achieve Gulliver’s momentary insight and eloquence and then sustain them over time. I hope I shall not risk this danger in what follows, but let me say here that none of what follows is meant to imply in any simple sense a commitment to the American model of democracy for the entire world com- Richard A. Rosengarten is dean and associate professor of religion and literature in the Divinity School at the University of Chicago. Keywords: faith; gulliver; religion; research; swift; university
• Peacemaking in Iran by Huda, Qamar-ul (2008.0) - Interestingly, the three grand ayatol- lahs in Qom never mentioned religion or religious peacemaking. Abdul Hayy Weinman (professor, University of New Mexico) spoke about the Sunni-Shi`ah dia- logues, areas for reconciliation, and effective practices in dialogic encoun- PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk ters within religious communities. Keywords: conflict; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; peace; religion; scholars; shi`ah
• Religion and African Civil Wars: By Niels Kastfelt, ed. (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005. 203 pages.) by Launay, Robert (2007.0) - For example, René Devisch’s paper on Kinshasa is not really about civil war, but rather about the effects of the collapse of state authority and the formal economy, both of which unleashed rampant vio- lence in the city but also led to the emergence of independent Christian heal- ing communes as a sort of refuge. 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:1 Conversely, Paul Richards’paper on Sierra Leone’s RUF (Revolutionary United Front) as a millennarian sect, while clearly about civil war, is only about “religion” if one defines the term so broadly that it loses all analytical specificity. Keywords: papers; religion; war
• Reason, Freedom and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush. Translated and edited, with a critical introduction by Mahmoud Sadri and Ahmad Sadri (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 236 pages.) by Zaidi, Ali Hassan (2004.0) - Another set of problems in Soroush’s work are the fundamental rifts that he draws between religion and religious knowledge, a traditional conception of the natural order of things and a modern conception of the conscious management of the social order, and a religious discourse of obligations and a secular discourse of rights. Chapters 2, 4, and 6-9 represent the core of his ideas on the limits of religious knowledge, secularism, and the mutual depen- dence of freedom and critical reason. Keywords: religion; soroush
• Nation and Religion: Perspectives on Europe and Asia by Peter van der Veer and Hartmut Lehmann, eds. (Princeton University Press, 1999. 222 pages.) by Fleming, K.E. (2001.0) - This important new addition to the growing body of literature on nationalism, religion, and religious nationalism is the product of a conference on Religion and Nationalism in Europe and Asia, held in 1995 at the University of Amsterdam. While many edited collections, particularly those that grow out of conferences, are at best of inconsistent quality and at worst entirely lacking in coherence, van der Veer and Lehmann's Nation and Religion is striking both for the high quality of each individual essay it contains and for the depth and force of the overall argument that emerges from the volume as a whole. Keywords: nation; nationalism; religion; van
• First International Congress on Religion and Mental Health by Haque, Amber (2001.0) - A closer look at the nature of papers indicates that a majority were research papers, which showed a cause and effect relationship between religion and mental health. The tide is turning however; as increasing number of research in the West is showing indisputable evidence on the positive influence of religion on human thoughts and behaviors, specifically, in the area of mental health. Keywords: conference; health; papers; religion
• Religion and Locality Conference by Kucukcan, Talip (1998.0) - He also drew attention to 1ocaVtransnational dimensions of religious communities and argued that “glocalization” was taking place. Addressing methodological issues, Knott and Willmer stated that anthropology, sociology, geography, history, as well as religious studies can provide insightful approaches and useful theoretical perspectives to explore different aspects of religion and locality. Keywords: locality; religion; university
• Report on the International Workshop on the Integration of lslamic Studies into Liberal Arts Curricula by Wheeler, Brannon M. (1998.0) - Ahmet Karamustafa, professor of Islamic studies at Washington University in St. Louis, spoke on “The Pwmodem/Modern Divide in Teaching Islamic Studies.” As a comparison with the development of Islamic studies in Europe and North America, Professor Jaffee outlined three main models of Jewish studies. Keywords: arts; islamic; professor; religion; session; studies; teaching; university; workshop
• A Report on the International Seminar on Religions and Contemporary Development: 25-28 Rabi' al Awwal 1413 / 23-26 September 1992 Ambarrukmo Palace Hotel, Jogjakarta, Java, Indonesia by Altalib, Omar (1993.0) - He argued that contemporary world developments have led to mental instability. Bert Breiner (Selly Oak College, Birmingham, UK), speaking on the same is.5ue, said that religious groups in western Europe have tended to accept the dominant epistemology of scientific empirical objectivity: The major problem of religion in contemporary Europe is the question of revelation. Keywords: contemporary; indonesia; islamic; religion
• Religion and Peace in the Middle East: Edited by Frank Kaufmann and Justine Watson; Council for the World’s Religions, 1988 by Ahmad, Mumtaz (1989.0) - The conference was intended to discuss the role of religion in the pursuit of peace in the Middle East. The “integrationists” are the ones who believe that religion determines the ultimate aims of life and political values to be pursued, but the means and rules to kilitate the pursuit of these ultimate values must be developed by man himself. Keywords: east; middle; religion
• A Critique of lslamization of the Sciences: Its Philosophy and Methodology by Tilde, Aliyu Usman (1989.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 1. 1989 201 Views and Comments A Critique of lslamization of the Sciences: Its Philosophy and Methodology Aliyu Usman Tilde I agree that all efforts shouJd be made to deprive Science as much as possible of its present materialistic philosophy because we Muslims today are only dragged into sharing the evils of the struggle between Science and Religion which took place in Europe and in which we never participated. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. Keywords: earth; islamic; qur'an; reason; religion; science; truth; vol
• Religion and Political Power: By Gustavo Benavides and M.W. Daly (eds). NY: State University of New York Press, 1989, 240 pp. by Ali, Sheikh R. (1990.0) - Approaching these cases as anthropologists, historians, sociologists, and political scientists, the authors make visible the dialectical relationship between religion and the pursuit of political power. It may be that the complexities arising from an analysis of the doctrinalhion of religion made it difficult to tell the complete story about religions so numemus and so diverse in a compressed format. Keywords: politics; power; religion
• Buying Buddha, Selling Rumi: Orientalism and the Mystical Marketplace (by Sophia Rose Arjana) by Dugan, Max Johnson (2023.0) - Conceptually, Arjana brings critical approaches to religious consumption (Jain 2014; Shirazi 2016; Lofton 2017) into conversation with Edward Said and Michel Foucault. Arjana opts for breadth rather than depth when engaging her case studies. Keywords: arjana; marketplace; religion
• An Egyptian Ethicist: Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh Drāz (1894-1958) and His Qurʾān-Based Moral Theory by Abdelgawwad, Ossama (2024.0) - The four studies include: “Defining Religion,” “The Relationship between Religion, Culture, and Ethics,” “Religiosity and its Instinctive Origin,” and “The Origin of Divine Theology.” 4 Al-Nabaʾ al-ʿaẓīm: Naẓarāt jadīdah fī al-Qurʾān al-Karīm (The Great News: New Perspectives on the Noble Qurʾān): Al-Nabaʾ alʿaẓīm: Naẓarāt jadīdah fī al-Qurʾān al-karīm. Keywords: akhlāq; divine; drāz; dustūr; e t; human; kant; morality; muḥammad; n e; obligation; qurʾān; religion; theory
• ajiss-3677 by None (None) - While this approach aims to center Islam’s distinctiveness, it often overlooks crucial features of Islamic thought. Consequently, the modalities of religion and secularity in Islamic thought and historical experience remain underexplored. Keywords: islamic; jackson; religion; secular

• The Future of the Arab Spring in Postnormal Times by Sardar, Ziauddin (2013.0) - It is a period of uncertainty, ambiguity, chaotic behavior, and rapid change that I have elsewhere described as “postnormal times. ”2 I contend that we need to grasp the context of postnormal times, which served as a catalyst for the Arab revolts and within which the long-term process of political transformation is taking place, to comprehend the dynamics of the Arab Spring and anticipate its trajectory. Keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; article; complexity; constitution; egypt; islamic; society; spring; times
• The Eighth Biennial Conference of the International Society for Iranian Studies by Tourage, Mahdi (2010.0) - He adds that submitted papers pass through a “blind” screening process and impar- tial peer-review and that accepted papers are selected based on their schol- arly merit alone. One telling example of often overlooked aspects of Iranian society was “‘Waking Up the Colours: Candour and Allegory in Women’s Rap Texts,” a paper on Iranian women’s rap music. Keywords: isis; society; university
• Assumptions Concerning the Social Sciences: A Comparative Perspective by Al-A‘ali, Ebtihaj (1993.0) - In reviewing the modem science of human existence and society, Burrell and Morgan (1979) state that the relevant assumptions in this area can be viewed in the light of two strands of thought: nominalism and realism. Human Existence and Society Islamic assumptions concerning human existence and Society take a diffemt ditection from nominalism and realism, for they are based on a wider perspective. Keywords: existence; human; individuals; reality; society

• Sacred Other: Boundaries and Pores in the Tanakh, New Testament, and Qur’an as Literary Works by Sabbath, Roberta (2006.0) - Presenters in the first panel included Mehnaz Afridi (University of South Africa), who, speaking to “Islam and Its Forgotten Others,” sees the ummah as the acceptance of the “Other.” In her “Choreographing the Golem and the Dybbuk: Portrait of the Other, Jewish Folklore in Dance,” Margot Mink Colbert (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) described her own ballet choreography inspired by the story of the Golem of Prague, the spirit who saved an innocent young Jewish man accused of blood libel from certain death. Keywords: human; panel; texts; university
• Reason, Authority and the Text by Safi, Louay M. (2000.0) - Yet, they all felt compelled to deny the relevance of religion and religious sources for human understanding and knowledge, and they were all deter- mined to establish the autonomy of human reason. Power of Reason The intellectual impasse we all face today may be traced back to the Enlightenment scholars' efforts to sever human values from their transcen- dental base, and to marginalize the irqportance of religious beliefs, or the lack thereof, in shaping the scholar's attitude, and in providing the tran- scendental presuppositions essential for social research. Keywords: human; modem
• Editorial by Malkawi, Fathi (1998.0) - psychology has reached the state of a revolutionary science, where two main paradigms, cognitive psychology and human psychology, are competing with each other. Or, Muslim scholars advanced by classical Islamic heritage in order to identify initiatives in psychology that we= advanced by classical Islamic scholars, and begin endeavors to develop Islamic psychology from there. Keywords: behavior; human; psychology; science
• The Need for a Sacred Science: An Intellectual Defence of the Tradition by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Albany: State University of New York Press, SUNY Series in Religious Studies, 1993. by Omar, lrfan A. (1995.0) - However, the major portion of his writings have been permeated with such themes as scientia sacra, perennial phi­ losophy, and the revival of spiritual traditions. Sacred science, on the other hand, corresponds to the Latin scientia sacra and here refers to the application of metaphysical principles to the macrocosm as well as the microcosm, the natural as well as the human worlds (p. 2) in particu­ lar. Keywords: human; modem; nasr; sacred; science; time; tradition
• Professional Ethics and the Education of Engineers at the International Islamic University Malaysia by Zein, Ibrahim M. (2016.0) - We have the capacity to realize moral values by our acts. In fact, professional values are meant to be a more focused valua- tional discovery. Keywords: education; engineering; engineers; ethics; human; islamic; professional; realization; set; structure; values; worldview
• Maqāṣidī Models for an “Islamic” Medical Ethics: Problem-Solving or Confusing at the Bedside? by Padela, Aasim (2022.0) - 39 Saifuddeen et al., “Maqasid al-shariah as a Complementary Framework to Conventional Bioethics.” 40 Ibrahim et al., “Maqasid al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics.” 41 Saifuddeen et al., “Maqasid al-Shariah as a Complementary Framework to Conventional Bioethics”; Ibrahim, Rahman, and Saifuddeen, “Maqasid al-Shariah as a Complementary Framework for Conventional Bioethics.” Illustratively, the father-figure of the science of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, Abū Ishāq al-Shāṭibī, identified five essential, ḍarūrī, higher objectives: the preservation of religion (dīn), human life (nafs), progeny (naṣl), material wealth (māl), and intellect (ʿaql).12 Once identified, a catalog of higher objectives may be used in var- ious ways. Keywords: bioethics; brain; c s; d e; death; e l; e r; e t; ethics; human; islamic; life; m e; m o; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; medical; o r; preservation; r n
• Islamic Intellectualism: Rahman, Gadamer, and the Hermeneutics of the Qur’ān by Swazo, Norman K. (2011.0) - That is, even one such as Rahman would have to acknowledge an existential structure of human existence despite holding a hermeneutic prejudice of method such as the double-movement approach to Islamic understanding. In terms of post-Enlightenment critique, Rahman would have to acknowledge that even in the case of Islamic understanding, we cannot have a methodologically assured safeguard against all error. Keywords: gadamer; human; ibid; interpretation; islamic; meaning; movement; present; qur’ān; rahman; text; tradition; understanding
• Agency, Rationality, Morality: The Qur’anic View of Man: (By MONA M. ABUL- FADL by Khan, Shiraz (2025.0) - Her emphasis is on rationality, freedom and morality, and the goal is the reintegration of man and the recovery of community through a reconciliation of self and the rediscovery of the essential meaning of divine guidance in so far as it relates to human life in this world. AMErICAN JOUrNAL OF ISLAM ANd SOCIEt Y 42:3-4 being is no doubt vital and, whilst modern disciplines in the context of the human sciences are right to make man the focus of study, a data-driven, spiritually devoid analysis misses the fundamental purpose of human life, and is a gamble. Keywords: abul; human; insān; man
• ajiss-404 by None (None) - William Chittick, The Heart of Islamic Philosophy: The Quest for Self- Knowledge in the Writings of Afdal al-Din Kashani (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 36. 7. William Chittick, Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World (Oxford: Oneworld, 2007), 83. 8. William Chittick, “The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology,” in Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy, and Mysticism in Muslim Thought, ed. Keywords: chittick; cosmos; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; human; islamic; names; self

• Successful Schools, Stagnant Education: The Dilemma of Urban Centers by Pervez, Saulat (2015.0) - school children is equally alarming. Many schools recognize that they are a crucial step in a child’s journey through this world and thus focus on the development of “life” skills along with advancing the student’s knowledge. Keywords: children; education; learning; schools; skills; students; teaching; thinking
• The Role of Education in Implementing Social Justice: The Case of Shia Muslims by Seif-Amirhosseini, Zahra (2014.0) - She analyzed the conditions faced by Shia communities in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain within the wider perspective of the soicopolitical and historical process of modern state formation. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports The Role of Education in Implementing Social Justice: The Case of Shia Muslims In honor of World Day of Social Justice, on February 24, 2014, Shia Rights Watch and American University held the first-ever conference devoted to pre- senting new paradigms for exploring how the rights of the minority Shia Mus- lim community can be protected against such entrenched realities as subordination, injustice, violence, discrimination, and marginalization. Keywords: education; peace; rights; shia; violence
• Discipline, Devotion, and Dissent: Jewish, Catholic, and Islamic Schooling in Canada By Graham P. McDonough, Nadeem A. Memon, and Avi I. Mintz, eds. (Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2013. 272 pages.) by Mahmud, Aruba (2014.0) - Although the chapters on Islamic and Jewish schools also examine these themes, they tend to focus on more practical concerns, such as the challenges of establishing religious schools, designing curriculum, and addressing in- ternal dissent. Mintz proposes that religious schools show their commitment and approaches to citizenship education to ease these concerns (pp. Keywords: catholic; education; islamic; schools
• Terror.edu: Terror and Education in the U.S.A. by Mehan, Uppinder (2010.0) - The talk by Sophia A. McClennen (associate professor of comparative literature, Spanish, and women’s studies and director of the graduate pro- gram in comparative literature, Pennsylvania State University), was titled “Neoliberalism as Terrorism; or State of Disaster Exceptionalism.” The morning started with Christian Moraru (professor of English, University of North Carolina, Greensboro), who spoke on “Higher Educa- tion: 9/11, Cosmopolitan Literacy, and the New Pedagogical Imperative.” Keywords: education; professor; terror; university; war
• Sex Education and Religion: Edited by Michael J. Reiss & Shaikh Abdul Mabud. Cambridge: The Islamic Academy, 1998, 277 pp. by Hewitt, Ibrahim (2000.0) - Or that thorn in the side of liberal sex educators: religion? The far-reaching implications of the debate surrounding sex education in state schools are summed up by the late Professor Syed Ali Ashraf in his Foreword to this book: We are up against a tremendous conspiracy to dethrone the religious concept of a human being from the minds of people. Keywords: education; liberal; sex
• Islamic Versus Modern Western Education: Prospect for the Future By Tetsuya Kitaji. Niigata-ken, Japan: Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, International University of Japan, 1990, 127 pp. by Roald, Anne Sofie (1994.0) - He also does not distinguish between traditional Islamic education and Islamic education within the discussion of Islamization of education. In the fourth part, Kitaji analyses western influence on Islamic educa- tion He says that in most Islamic countries, them exist two educational systems: Islamic education and Western education' (p. 84, my italics). Keywords: education; islamic; kitaji; system
• The Power of Education (by Jeremy Henzell-Thomas) by Patel, Madiha (2021.0) - Jeremy Henzell-Thomas published a brief IIIT paper titled “The Power of Education” arguing that the true purpose of education has been forgotten. Henzell-Thomas argues that the mainstream critique of indoctrination associated with religious education is flawed, when in reality indoctrination is embedded in the mainstream educational system preventing the development of critical thinking, curiosity, and reflection. Keywords: education; henzell; section
• Educational Dualism in Malaysia: Implications for Theory and Practice by Rosnani Hashim, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1996, 204 pp. by Langgulung, Hasan (1998.0) - If the book is reprinted a separate chapter comparing the colonial legacy and Islamic legacy should be added so that the excellent exposition of dualism in Malaysian education does not give the impression that it was an isolated phe- 136 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15: I nomenon. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 trace the history of lhe educational systems in Malaysia, i.e., the traditional or Islamic educational system and the colonial education in the nineteenth century in the Straits Settlement followed by the establishment of vernacular education in the Malay states following the Pangkor Treaty of 1874. Keywords: education; islamic; malaysia; philosophy
• Making Africa Legible: Kiswahili Arabic and Orthographiic Romanization in Colonial Zanzibar by Bolton, Caitlyn (2016.0) - Ali Mazrui often told the larger stories of Africa, and in the case of Swahili his copious writings focus on its centrality in the political, religious, and eco- nomic spheres of the region spanning Kinshasa to Mombasa.2 Yet the story of the Romanization of Swahili orthography was a very personal one for him, as his father Shaykh Al-Amin b. Ali Mazrui was the chief voice opposing it in 1930s coastal Kenya.3 Drawing upon archival materials in English, Arabic, and Swahili from the Zanzibar National Archives, I tell here the local story of this orthographic shift in Zanzibar, the site chosen as the standard Swahili for the region: from the early missionaries’ first Swahili grammars and their at- tempts to “purify” Swahili of Arabic’s influence in their “conversion of Africa from the East,” to British colonial promotion of a standardized “literary” Swahili, to local Arab and Muslim opposition to Kiswahili Roman, and to the eventual colonial remorse as the orthographic shift facilitated an irreversible generational gap and social breakdown. Alongside Hausa, Wolof, and other African languages, the Romanization of Swahili orthography was part of a project to make Africa more legible to Europeans. Keywords: africa; arabic; colonial; education; government; language; letters; local; orthography; roman; script; swahili; writing; zanzibar
• ajiss-524 by None (None) - It argues that the future of Muslim education will be influenced directly by the present realities and future trends within American education in general, and, more impor­ tantly, by the well-calculated and informed short-term and long-term decisions and future plans taken by the Muslim community. Fad1i Malkawi has a Ph.D. in science education and the ph i losophy of science. Keywords: education

• Phenomenology versus Historicism: The Case of Imamate by Refudeen, Mohammed Awais (1998.0) - Corbin quotes a hadith attributed to Imam Ja‘far as-Sadiq, the sixth Imam, who addressed a disciple: The history of early Shi’ism, and indeed of much later Shi’ism also, is that of a pathetic quest for individuals to whom the dignity of Imam may be attached. Keywords: corbin; eliade; historicism; history; ibid; imam; imamate; islamic; meaning; watt
• An Islamic Concept of News by al Seini, Sayeed (1986.0) - Vol. 3, p. 930. Muhammad F. Abdul Baqi, Suhiih Muslim, Vol. 4 (Dar Ihiya Al-Kutubil A'rabiyah, 1955), Holy Qur'an, 1736; See the commentary of this verse. Keywords: cit; holy; ibid; islamic; news; objectivity; person; qur'an; vol
• Такфūр Аверроэсом ал-Газāлū: та’вūл и каузальный куфр Саджа Парвизян by Парвизян, Саджа (2024.0) - Человек, который стал «причиной погибели публики» здесь, несомненно, ал-Газа̄лӣ. Удивительно, однако, что в произведе- нии «Рассуждение, выносящее решение» нет ни одной строч- ки, где Аверроэс прямо говорит, что «ал-Газа̄лӣ — ка̄фир». Однако менее известно то, что в своем произведении «Рассуждение, выносящее решение относительно связи между религией и философией» (Фас̣л ал-Мак̣а̄л фӣма̄ байна-ш-шарӣ‘а ва-л-х̣икма мин ал-иттис̣а̄л) Keywords: ghazālī; ibid; islamic; philosophy; аверроэс; аллегорические; будет; быть; газāли; газа̄лӣ; для; доказательство; должны; его; если; есть; журнал; или; ислама; как; когнитивный; которые; кто; куфр; между; может; образом; общества; однако; они; ответственность; относительно; парвизян; писания; поскольку; потому; рассуждение; следует; смысл; также; таким; тем; того; толкования; том; уразумению; утверждает; фа̄ра̄бӣ; философов; что; что аверроэс; что ал; чтобы; это; этом; является
• Наследие интеллектуальной реформы Абдул Хамида А. Абу Сулаймана by АХМАД, ИМАД-АД-ДИН (2024.0) - Сулайман здраво- мысляще признает, что впоследствии «Омейяды одержали верх, поскольку исламская элита и правоведы в конечном итоге поддержали их по той причине, что они, Омейяды, были в лучшем положении для сохранения центрального положения и единства мусульманского государства»[16]. Он не уклоняется от использования различий между школами по таким основным вопросам жизни и смерти, как природа и обязательность джихада, применимость мусульманских юридических нака- заний к немусульманским подданным, последствия убийства мусульманами немусульманских подданных, широта прав немусульман на получение статуса лиц, пользующихся покро- вительством (выплата джизйи), и диапазон мирных жителей, которых запрещено атаковать во время войны – все это для того, чтобы проиллюстрировать, что даже в классической мысли не существует консенсуса, тем самым открывая дверь для вдумчивого анализа[9]. Keywords: abusulayman; ibid; iiit; islamic; абдул; абу; было; для; должны; его; или; ислама; исламской; как; которые; между; мысли; сулайман; таким; только; хамида; что; чтобы; это
• ajiss-377 by None (None) - In order to understand the motivation behind writing a book such as Nafisi’s, one just needs to ponder the author’s statement to the effect that many have become famous by writing against the Islamic government.141 Bahrampour even explains that when her mother wrote a fictional account about a woman whose innocent husband is executed in revolutionary Iran, a publisher was interested and asked if she would “go on TV and say its true. Despite the negative images of contemporary Iran that exist in the back- ground, Funny in Farsi is not really a memoir about Iran, and among the rest Marandi and Pirnajmuddin: Constructing an Axis of Evil 41 ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:08 PM Keywords: ajiss; american; bellaigue; claims; ibid; iran; iranian; islamic; moaveni; nafisi; page; pdf; states; trial; version

• The Islamic Scholarly Tradition: Studies in History, Law, and Thought in Honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook By Asad Q. Ahmed, Behnam Sadeghi, and Michael Bonner, eds. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011. 385 pages.) by Correa, Dale J. (2013.0) - Its four sections are designed to reflect the prin- 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:4 ajiss304-special-issue_ajiss 8/16/2013 9:23 AM Page 120 cipal areas of Near Eastern and Islamic studies to which Cook has contributed: “Early Islamic History,” “Early Modern and Modern Islamic History,” “Ju- ridical and Intellectual History,” and “Reinterpretations and Transformations.” His study exemplifies the use of an alternative approach to early Islamic history, one that focuses on what compilations of historical reports tell us about contemporaneous political situations and reli- gious doctrine, as well as about the historiographic methods of pre-modern historians. Keywords: century; history; islamic; ottoman
• Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy, and Law in Honor of A. L. Udovitch By Roxani Eleni Margariti, Adam Sabra, and Petra M. Sijpesteijn, eds. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2010. 282 pages.) by Amin, Yasmin (2012.0) - Udovitch’s role in changing the writing of medieval Islamic history is lauded, as is his encouragement to explore new techniques and methodologies as well as his attention to the human experience within history. He concludes that Islamic narratives were driven by the- ology and that more research is needed to identify and analyze the social fac- tors behind them. Keywords: century; contributions; history; islamic; mediterranean; udovitch
• The Palimpsest of Cairo by Gaber, Tammy (2012.0) - Book Reviews Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City Peter Sheehan Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press, 2010. In Peter Sheehan’s Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City, the earliest settlements of the city are traced layer by layer through archeological and architectural study. Keywords: architecture; cairo; city; fathy; history; minarets
• The Genesis of the Bábí-Bahá’í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs: By Mírzá Habíb’u’lláh Afnán (tr. and annotated by Ahang Rabbani) (Leiden: Brill, 2008. 404 pages.) by Quinn, Sholeh A. (2010.0) - This history should be considered an important secondary source for oral history of the earlier Babi period, since Afnan was himself from the Bab’s family, spent most of his life in the Bab’s house, and heard stories about the Bab from older family members as he was growing up. Beyond this significant episode, Afnan narrates several of the major events and phases in the Bab’s life and career that are of interest to historians, includ- ing his early childhood and pilgrimage to Makkah. Keywords: afnan; bab; history
• Telling Lives in India: Biography, Autobiography, and Life History by David Arnold and Stuart Blackburn, eds. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004. 323 pages.) by Abraham, Jose (2006.0) - Telling Lives in India: Biography, Autobiography, and Life History is edited by David Arnold (professor of South Asian history) and Stuart Blackburn (research associate), both of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London. The intellectual contributions of the editors and nine other distinguished scholars, all of whom belong to a range of academic disci- plines, make this collection of eleven essays a remarkable and highly read- able work on life histories – biographies, autobiographies, and oral accounts – from India. Keywords: essays; histories; history; life
• Nationalist Voices in Jordan: The Street and the State by Betty S. Anderson (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 288 pages.) by Ghori, Faisal (2006.0) - Given her unique approach to Jordanian history, she admits that her work is incomplete, for many first-hand accounts and memoirs, which cannot be found, should be examined in light of the larger body of literature on Jordan. Taking a subaltern approach to Jordanian history, she examines the foundation of the Jordanian National Movement (JNM), a coalition of leftist parties based loosely upon Arab nationalism, and its influence upon the nation’s formation. Keywords: history; jnm; jordan
• The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam by Mahmoud M. Ayoub (Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications, 2003. 179 pages.) by Quadri, Junaid (2004.0) - Similarly, Abu Bakr’s egalitarian dis- tribution of wealth (p. 28) and `Umar’s principled refusal to designate his son as successor (pp. 87-88) are noticed by the reader to be in stark contrast with `Uthman’s preferential treatment of his Umayyad kinsmen (p. 54), a development that Ayoub considers an example of the evolving emphasis on the “power, rather than the moral persuasion, of the caliph” (p. 54). Ayoub envisions his work as filling a void found in most general intro- ductions to Islam, which for all their other merits, often fail to provide a clear account of this formative period of Islamic history. Keywords: ayoub; history
• Arabian Mirrors and Western Soothsayers: Nineteenth-Century Literary Approaches to Arab-Islamic History by Muhammed A. Al-Da'mi (New York: Peter Lang, 2002. 235 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2003.0) - His main argument is that the writers used Arabo-Islamic history not simply as an exotic or a romantic flourish, but rather as an integral and important aspect of their discourses to comment upon their own time. They concentrated only on those themes of Arabo-Islamic history that could make their own arguments with their contemporaries more persuasive (e.g., the spread of empire, the romantic Bedouin, the despotic sultan, polygamy, slavery, and the like), while ignoring other aspects (e.g., the sci­ entific and cultural achievements of the Arabo-lslamic civilizations, and such intellectual thinkers as Ibn Khaldun and al-GhazaJi). Keywords: da'mi; history
• Islamic History: a Framework for Inquiry (Studies in Middle Eastern History, No. 9) by R. Stephen Humphreys; Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1988, 375 pp. by Blankenship, Khalid Y. (1989.0) - each dealing with a broad problem of Islamic history and detailing the sources relevant to that problem. As a general annotated bibliography, Humphreys' work is certainly a useful resource for students of Islamic history. Keywords: history; humphreys; islamic; sources
• Breaking the Pen: (of Sir Harold ibn MacMichael ibn Hicks) The Ja'aliyyin Identity Revisited by Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ali (1988.0) - Royce argues the significance of boundary behavior to a definition of ethnic identity in the following: No ethnic group can maintain a believable (viable) identity without signs, symbols, and underlying values that point to a distinctive identity. Whereupon they threw themselves 58Royce, Ethnic Identity, 7. 59Ha~an, The Arabs, 175, 49, 111, 131. Keywords: adams; arabs; genealogies; genealogy; history; ibrahim; identity; macmichael; nubia; scholars; sudan; sudanese; tradition; vol
• ajiss-478 by None (None) - The first is a short political essay com- prised of chronologically arranged anecdotes about the caliphs—begin- ning with Abū Bakr (r. 11-13/632-4) and ending with al-Muʿtaḍid (r. 279- 89/892-902)—and examples of how the people of their times, according to al-Yaʿqūbī, tended to follow them in their conduct and tastes. Despite the scarcity of biographical information (“there is little that can be known for certain about al-Yaʿqūbī and his life,” 1:10), Anthony and Gordon provide a 77Book Reviews useful summary of what we can know about him, based on a few accounts of other historians who cite his works and what might be inferred from his own writings: his hardline Shīʿism, the works he compiled, the approxi- mate date of his death (shortly after 295/908), his many travels, some of the places in which he lived from al-Fusṭāṭ to Iṣfahān, his links to certain dynasties (Ṭāhirids in Iran and Ṭūlūnids in Egypt), his involvement in the bureaucratic circles of the ʿAbbāsid era and his particular attachment to, and historical interest in, the ʿAbbāsid dynasty. Keywords: history; yaʿqūbī
• Authority and Identity in Medieval Islamic Historiography: Persian Histories from the Peripheries by Mancini-Lander, Derek J. (2019.0) - The book conducts a close study of a handful of Persian local histories from key urban localities of various sizes and geo- graphic regions, which the author reads in comparison: Qum, Ṭabaristān, Bukhārā, Bayhaq, and Sīstān. Both are issues that the current reviewer wrestles with in his own work on Persian local histories in a slightly later period, and it is hoped that his reflections might constructively add to Hanaoka’s findings here. Keywords: hanaoka; histories; history; identity; persian; works

• The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad by Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010. pbk. 306 pages) by Robinson, Francis (2011.0) - By the same token, they have paid relatively little attention to Muslim traditions of praising the Prophet, whether it be the naths sung by Sufi qawwali musi- cians in South Asia, the maulid lectures on the first twelve days of Rabi al- Awwal ‒ or the biographies of the Prophet, which have become so numer- ous over the past century. The author’s aim is “to bring these Islamic devotional masterpieces into the purview of contemporary literary interpretation in a way that makes them culturally relevant and poetically effective for the modern reader, whether Muslim or non-Muslim” (xi). Keywords: poem; praise; prophet
• Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: By 'Zafar Ali Qureshi. Mansoorah, Pakisan: ldara Ma'arif lslami, 1992, 2 vols. by Sarwar, Ghulam (1997.0) - Watt’s attempt to castigate the Prophet, AbO Bakr, and other Muslims fails, as does his quest to play down the untold hardships and persecutions suffered by Muslims at the hands of the pagan Qwaysh. 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14:1 Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics By 'Zafar Ali Qureshi. Keywords: prophet; watt
• Toward Islamization of the Non-Visual Arts: A Brief Discussion of Some Crucial Issues by Al Disuqi, Rasha (1989.0) - al Din al Albani, SaJ.11~1 Muslim (Dimashq: al Maktab al Islam- 1, 1972), Hadith 1852 p. 489. 4The Arabic title is al Naqd al Aba
• Keywords: allah; art; arts; expression; islamic; man; nature; prophet; qur'an; work
• Orientalism in Moby Dick by al Disuqi, Rasha (1987.0) - The American Joumal of Islamic Social SciencesNol. 4, No. 1,1987 The inverted picture Melville paints is a unity of irreconcilable opposites: Paganism and Islam. The tragedy of Melville’s work is the superficiality of its reliance on Islamic sources, which Melville had read but only in Orientalist distortion. Keywords: allah; critic; dick; islamic; melville; moby; prophet
• Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires By Juan Cole (New York: Nation Books, 2018. 336 pages.) by Mitiche, Ahmed Zakarya (2019.0) - Following Angelika Neuwirth, the author takes a bottom-up approach, drawing themes from the Qu- ran and then “listening for resonances with other works of late antiquity,” namely the hadith and sīra traditions, as well as non-Muslim sources from the Prophet’s time (229). 92 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:2 Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires Juan Cole New York: Keywords: cole; peace; prophet; quran
• Prophet Muhammad: The Sultan of Hearts By Resit Haylamaz and Fatih Harpci Clifton, (NJ: Tughra Books, 2014. vol. 1: 531 pages; vol. 2: 490 pages.) by Sabet, Amr (2016.0) - Even be- fore the Prophet’s time had come, the harbingers of his arrival were anchored in place when Muhammad earned the title of “the Trustworthy” (al-Amīn) not for his power or wealth, but because of his stature and respect (p. 75). Prophet Muhammad: The Sultan of Hearts Resit Haylamaz and Fatih Harpci Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books, 2014. Keywords: abu; life; muhammad; prophet

• Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. On Arithmetic and geometry: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of EPISTLES 1 & 2 By Nader El-Bizri, ed. and trans. (Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2012. 400 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2014.0) - I would therefore take issue with part of this phrase translated – the phrase bi ḥasab al-ṭāqati al-basharīyah should be “insofar as is humanly possible” – as this standard formulation of the limits of knowledge goes back to the an- cients. Nader el-Bizri, the translator and editor of the series, is a historian of philosophy and science in the Islamic world and has recently been focusing on the history of geometry, mathematics, and optics and publishing widely on Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1040). Keywords: epistle; geometry; ikhwan; sciences
• Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. On the Natural Sciences: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of EPISTLES 15-21 By Carmela Baffioni, ed. and trans. (Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2013. 969 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad (2014.0) - Epistle 15, on matter and form (al-hayūla wa al-ṣūra), comprises fourteen chapters on issues of hylomorphism and the constituents of natural bodies. The volume immediately after on epistle 22 on animals has been published many times and is arguably one of the most famous of the Epistles: The Case of the Animals versus Man before the King of the Jinns (published in this series in the translation of Lenn Goodman and Richard MacGregor). Keywords: brethren; chapters; epistles; sciences
• Issues in Methodology of Islamic Thought: Safar 9-12, 1410/September 11-14, 1989 by Cairo Office, IIIT - (1989.0) - The seminar further stresses the necessity of supporting the organizations which work in the scientific, intellectual and 32 33 cultural areas, also the universities of Muslim countries that are concerned with Islamic methodology as the fundamental element in the cultural program, in order to re-start the up- swing of the Muslim world. 10 - An evaluation of the methodological epistomology of the con- tributions made by Dr. Muhammad al Jundi. Keywords: islamic; methodology; sciences; seminar

• Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular Female Artist By Kamran Talattof (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2011. hbk. 288 pages.) by Marie, Farzana (2013.0) - Through the lens of her life and legacy, he argues that true modernity can never fully emerge without space for the discussion of sexuality – especially that of women. Finding other explanations for the country’s lagging modernity inadequate, he posits that true modernity is connected to a healthy acknowledgment of human (and especially female) sexuality, which is lacking in Iran. Keywords: iran; life; modernity
• Editorial by Nafi, Basheer (1996.0) - Abdul Majid al Najjar’s “Classification of Sciences in Islamic Thought: Between Imitation and Originality” (vol. 13, Spring 1996, pp. The other three studies in this issue focus on some important aspects of modem Islamic intellectual preoccupations. Keywords: islamic; issue; life; west
• Reconstruction of Culture and Islam: by Prof Mohammad Taqi Amini, (author); Z. A. Usmani (Translator); Lahore: Siddiqe-e-Akbar Academy, Sole Distributors; Amjad Academy, 40, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, 270 pp. by Sarwar, Ghulam (1989.0) - Also, he mentions the effects and implications of Western civilization on modern life and evaluates the impact of two conflicting ideologies. Good deeds, on the other hand, comprehend both the inner and outward facets of life and they comprehend the whole being of man. Keywords: islamic; life
• Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1987.0) - It makes hiin a central issue for study and research by Muslim social scientists. We hope that the scientific research by Muslim social scientists in this field will open new avenues towards understanding Muslim psychology and behavior and its interactions with the Muslim life in the contemporary world towards a better and more effective Muslim role in the face of the dangers facing humanity, albeit caused by faults and shortcomings of the dominant Western civilization of this age. Keywords: earth; life; sumh
• Guiding Light: Selections from the Holy Qur’an by 'AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1987.0) - Finally we find that Surah 107: 1-7 explains and summarizes in a very com- prehensive and precise manner, the goal of man, the quality of his life on earth, and the ultimate meaning of the Dr. (the totality of the belief in Allah, the holy purpose of man on earth, and the acts, duties and the total way of life of the believers. Also these verses affirm the prayers (FulZlh, the main and the continuous means for man to experience the awareness of the existence of Allah and holy purpose of life) and the giving and caring for the needs of the poor and the destitute as the ultimate measures for following the Drn, believ- ing in Allah, and understanding the meaning and the purpose of Jdizh. Keywords: life; man; prayer
• SOME FEATURES OF MAWDUDI'S TAFHIM AL-QUR'AN by Mir, Mustansir (1985.0) - E.g., 11,258 (S. 10); V.244 (S. 55); VI,180 (S. 76); VI,402 (S. m). To give an example of the wider scope of the latter volume: S. 2:270 and S. 76:7 both speak of the making and fulfilling of one’s vows. Keywords: arberry; din; islamic; life; mawdiidi; mawdudi; suras; translation; urdu; verse

• The Rise of Early Modern Science: In China, Islam, and the West By Toby Huff Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 409 + xiv pp. by Leonard, Graham (1995.0) - But in addition to schol- ars learning sciences privately-as he acknowledges-sciences, genera- tive thinking processes, and rationalism were included in the curricula of institutions of learning, which were supported by religious foundations, until at least the fourteenth century-over two centuries after the take off of Islamic science effectively became somnolent. The author has shown great courage in undertaking an endeavor that has daunted historians of science, intellectual historians, Islamicists, and Sinologists. Keywords: china; science; west
• The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe: Charles E. Butterworth and Blake A. Kessel, eds. New York: E. J. Brill, 1994, 149 pp. by Koshul, Basit B. (1994.0) - From reading these particular chapters, it becomes clear that one cannot separate the introduction of Arabic philosophy into certain univer- sities from the personal histories of certain individuals, because it is largely through the efforts of these hardy souls that Arab philosophy and Arabic studies were introduced into certain prominent uni- versities. The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe is a collection of ten papers dealing with the status of Arabic philosophy as an aca- demic discipline in leading European universities. Keywords: arabic; influence; islamic; philosophy; west
• International Symposium on Islam and Modernity: 19-21 Jumada al Awwal 1413/ 4-6 November 1993 Karachi, Pakistan by Pakistan Office, IIIT- (1994.0) - De- spite this, however, many people in the West feel the need for a better understanding of the changes taking place in Muslim societies and for entering into a dialogue with their Muslim counterparts in order to explore the possibility of promoting mutual respect and creating an atmosphere of meaningful and peaceful coexistence. In addition to the general divide between Islam and the West, there is a secular vs. Islamist divide within Muslim societies. Keywords: islamic; west

• English Literary Studies: An Islamic Perspective and Method by Willoughby, Jay (2014.0) - Those who support the Islamization of English literary studies propose a similar approach to English literature in order to counterbalance the un-Islamic cultural influences as well as to present the Islamic worldviews in relation to the life-worlds that these literary texts are reputed to promote. Reflecting further on the context that had given rise to this attitude, Hasan pointed out the tendency at that time, and based solidly upon the Subconti- nent’s colonial experience, to associate English literature studies with both colonialism and western Christendom. Keywords: english; islamic; literature; studies
• The Study of Islam in African Universities: Reflections on Ghana by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2014.0) - Although not as comprehensive as the articles featured in this special issue, this editorial presents my comments and the results of my survey conducted among professors and lecturers who teach Islamic studies in Ghanaian uni- versities. After my presentation, one audience member who had earned a PhD in Islamic studies from a Middle Eastern university, pointed out that he could not find a teaching job in a Ghana- ian university. Keywords: africa; ghana; islamic; studies; universities; university
• Taking to the Streets: The Transformation of Arab Activism By Lina Khatib and Ellen Lust, eds. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. 368 pages.) by Høigilt, Jacob (2014.0) - They also make the important points that activism in the Middle East often takes place outside formal institutions and that autocratic regimes cannot hin- der the continuous evolution of political activism. Wael Sawah and Salam Kawakibi argue that one of the most noteworthy aspects of the Syrian uprising was the change from nonpolitical to political activism and from small groups to coordinated, large-scale efforts. Keywords: activism; case; politics; studies
• Beyond the “Wild Tribes”: Understanding Modern Afghanistan and Its Diaspora By Ceri Oeppen and Angela Schlenkhoff, eds. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. 223 pages.) by Shafi, Sophia Rose (2013.0) - In Beyond the “Wild Tribes”: Understanding Modern Afghanistan and Its Diaspora, the country and its people are presented in a far more compli- cated fashion than the usual this-place-is-doomed mantra. Ceri Oppen and Angela Schlenkoff’s “Beyond the ‘Wild Tribes’: Working Toward an Understanding of Contemporary Afghanistan” imparts a brief his- tory of the study of Afghanistan and identifies various problems in the field, including outdated sources and a good degree of romanticism. Keywords: afghanistan; country; diaspora; studies
• Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11: From Invisible Citizens to Visible Subjects by Amaney Jamal and Nadine Naber, eds. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2007. 378 pages.) by Kamal, Rabia (2009.0) - ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11: From Invisible Citizens to Visible Subjects Amaney Jamal and Nadine Naber, eds. Thus, there is perhaps no better time for the publication of Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11, as it counters contemporary public amnesia by reminding us that race and inequality still permeate the lives of minority populations. Keywords: american; arab; race; studies
• Shifting Grounds: Postcolonial Translocations by Sucu, Ayse Tuba Demirel (2009.0) - With these remarks on our mind, in the afternoon of the first day Silke Stroh (University of Münster) emphasized this point and presented trans- location and colonial British diasporas by providing theories and practices of transmigrations and by exploring how the transmigrants are positioned in relation to their various old and new locations as well as to other popula- tions encountered there. Nora Ann Escherle (University of Bern), whose paper’s conceptual focus was on the entanglement of cosmopolitanism with religion, analyzed religious “other- ing” and the cosmopolitan gaze in postcolonial Indian English novels. Keywords: conference; postcolonial; studies; university
• Muslim Girl Studies: Bismillahs, Barbies, and Bling by Khan, Mahruq F.; Hermansen, Marcia (2008.0) - Muslim Girl Studies: Bismillahs, Barbies, and Bling A colloquium on “girl studies,” organized by Marcia Hermansen (director, Islamic World Studies) and Laura Miller (professor, Department of Anthro- pology) took place on 12 April 2008, at Loyola University Chicago. Supporters claim that girl studies is a worthwhile research domain due to the prior disregard for age within women’s studies and gender within youth stud- ies. Keywords: american; girlhood; girls; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; studies
• The United States Naval Academy’s Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies by Wheeler, Brannon (2007.0) - CMEIS also sponsors a yearly Brown-bag Study Group that attracts both civilian and military faculty and staff members from all parts of the Naval Academy. Wheeler: The United States Naval Academy 141 On the international level, CMEIS acts as a liaison between the Naval Academy and foreign navies and other military and civilian educational institutions in the Middle East and Asia. Keywords: academy; cmeis; east; faculty; islamic; members; middle; middle east; naval; studies
• National Association of African American Studies and Affiliates 2006 National Conference by Berry, Lemuel (2006.0) - New board members appointed for various terms include: Zafar Bokhari (Chicago State University), Ada Puryear Burnette (Valdosta State University), Shu Jen Chen (City College, SUNY), (Jaibun Earp (Florida A&M University), Bruno Ferrer (University of Puerto Rico), Regina Jones (Syracuse University), Frank Lucido (Texas A&M University), Shauneen Pete (University of Regina), Wendy Trott (Delaware Technical & Community College), and Dr. Nili Luo (University of Montana-Western). A sampling of institutions represented included the University of Tennessee, six institutions from the California State system, Hampton University, Yale University, Quinnipiac University, Howard University, George Mason University, Wesleyan University, University of Kansas, and Purdue University. Keywords: association; studies; university
• Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies by Farhad Daftary (London and New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies (London), 2004. 469 pages.) by Rustom, Mohammed (2005.0) - This bibliography contains an important survey of medieval and con- temporary developments in Ismaili studies. The “selected theses” section presents a selection of some of the more important published and non-published theses written in the field of Ismaili studies (mostly in English, but also in French, Italian, Farsi, and Arabic). Keywords: ismaili; literature; studies
• Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender by Beshara Doumani, ed. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. 340 pages.) by Eum, Ikran (2004.0) - The third section, “Family and the Praxis of Islamic Law,” reconstitutes the family and the relations of family members in the legal arena. It is likely to stimulate interest in the study of family histories among ordinary people in the Middle East and, at the same time, open up new possibilities for future research. Keywords: family; middle; studies
• The 36th Annual Meeting of the Middle East Studies Association of North America by Bokhari, Kamran A. (2003.0) - The final round table and thematic con- versation highlighted Internet resources and research in Middle East studies and the insider vs. outsider approaches to the study of women in the Middle East. The roundtable discussion focused on the present and future of Middle East political science, and the thematic conversation explored the idea of a Middle Eastern American studies program. Keywords: east; islamic; middle; session; studies
• Islamic Studies in the ASEAN Region: History, Approaches, and Future Trends by Yusuf, Imtiyaz (1998.0) - Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed (Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Begawan, Brunei) presented his “Teaching Islamic Studies in the Institutions of Higher Learning in non-Arab World with or without Arabic: A Dilemma.” In the morning session, Associate Professor Ibrahim Abu Bakar (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia) presented his paper on the “History of Islamic Studies in Malaysia” He highlighted the different historical phases and changing character of Islamic studies in Malaysia from pndok (traditional Islamic school) to university. Keywords: asean; islamic; malaysia; southeast; studies; thailand; university
• ISLAM AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: 16-20 Muharram 1417/3-7 June 1996 Department of Southeast Asia & Oceania Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands by Haron, Muhammed (1997.0) - Seminars, Conferences, Addresses ISLAM AND THE TWICNTY-FIRST CENTURY 1620 Mu&rmrn 141713-7 June 1996 Department of Southeast Asia & Oceania Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands On 4 June 1996, a plenary session was held at Groot Auditorium, in the Academy Building of Leiden University. Kopansky was slotted into this session along with Michael Mastura, a Philippine member of Parliament, and Muhammad Hisyam, an Indonesian scholar (Leiden University) involved in the INIS project. Keywords: islamic; leiden; paper; south; studies; university
• Avenues of Participation: Family, Politics, and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo by Diane Singerman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995, 272 pp. by Zuhur, Sherifa (1996.0) - Her bibliography reflects attention to many relevant studies of Egypt (although not all) and theoretical works on other Third World studies. As she noted in her monograph on social identity (Cairo Papers in Social Science 9:4, 1985), clerks and janitors earn unrecorded tips, and teachers earn tutoring income. Keywords: cairo; studies
• The Scandinavian Conference on Middle East Studies: 24 -27 Rabi al Akhir 1413 / 22-25 October 1992 Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark by Roald, Anne Sofie (1993.0) - This reductionistic methodology cannot be satisfac- tory for the study of Islamic concepts or phenomena. His conclusion was that this party had to be regarded within the framework of Islamic movements (ul hurukdt ul Isldm@ah). Keywords: east; islamic; middle; studies
• Editorial by Anjum, Ovamir (2017.0) - He demonstrates that whereas al-Tahtawi was indeed inspired by the nationalist cult around the memory of Napoleon Bonaparte (the conquering despot he wished to see in his own patron, Muhammad Ali), he did so from his own grounding in Islamic political tradition, in particular as articulated by al-Ghazali (whose works were among the first to be published in Egypt). David Warren’s “For the Good of the Nation: The New Horizon of Expectations in Rifaʿa al-Tahtawi’s Reading of the Islamic Political Tra- dition” offers a careful reading of the works of al-Tahtawi (d. 1873). Keywords: islamic; journal; scholarship; studies; tahtawi
• Some Pointers and Reminders in Islamic Studies by Rustom, Mohammed (2020.0) - Once the results come in, it is also good form to communicate that to them, thank- ing them for their support. But much of it is not really work—be grateful for that opportunity! Keywords: good; profession; studies; work; writing
• Confronting Challenges in Islamic Studies by Wright, Brian (2017.0) - Audience members seemed to be primarily con- cerned with the idea that if such neutral tools are no longer viable, then where in Islamic studies should we ground our work? Delivered by Ahmad Atef Ahmad (Uni- versity of California Santa Barbara), the lecture focused on the changing ac- ademic field of Islamic studies: where the field has been, where it is now, and where it should go in the future. Keywords: islamic; studies
• Opportunities and Challenges of Teaching Islamic Studies in Theological Seminaries by Siwaju, Fatima (2016.0) - He also identified how the religious positionality of the professor of Islamic studies could affect classroom dynamics. Lamptey pointed out that Islamic studies is a discipline of its own, with its distinctive terminology, methodology, and protocol. Keywords: islamic; studies; theological
• Mumtaz Ahmad: Model Scholar, Educator, and Public Intellectual by Sonn, Tamara (2016.0) - With keen insight into the challenges facing Muslims in the twenty-first century, Ahmad brought scholars and students from Pakistan and around the world to the institute and en- 96 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:3 couraged lively and productive interdisciplinary discussions ranging from critical thought, human rights, and the rule of law, to pluralism, diversity, and democracy. Obituary Mumtaz Ahmad: Model Scholar, Educator, and Public Intellectual Wise, kind, humorous, humble, profoundly honorable and dignified – these are just some of the words that describe our beloved Mumtaz Ahmad, whose passing we mourn. Keywords: ahmad; islamic; studies; university
• After the American Century: The Ends of U.S. Culture in the Middle East By Brian T. Edwards (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. 288 pages.) by Ebrahimian, Mojtaba (2016.0) - Edwards maintains that for decades American cultural forms have been promoted around the world in connection with the “cherished American cultural values of freedom, choice, and independence.” Book Reviews 123 First, “The U.S. Department of State has invested time and funding in prop- agating the circulation of American culture.” Keywords: american; circulation; edwards; studies

• Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 by Thomas Hegghammer (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010. pbk. 290 pages.) by Hamid, Sadek (2011.0) - The principle theoretical contribution of this volume is the claim that the jihadist network in Saudi Arabia is distinct from others in the region due to it being primarily motivated by extreme pan-Islamism and not so- ciorevolutionary ideology (1) ‒ or, as he puts it, “a macro-nationalism, centred on the imagined community of the umma (global community of Muslims) (8).” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:4140 Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 Thomas Hegghammer New York: Cambridge University Press. Keywords: arabia; saudi; scholars
• Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation by Tariq Ramadan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 372 pages.) by Morrow, John Andrew (2009.0) - Consider- ing the complexity of problems currently facing Muslims, it is impossible for a text specialist to assimilate the whole range of those sciences – not even a council of religious scholars would suffice, since those fields of knowledge are largely outside of their own area of expertise. As he points out, religious scholars live in autarchy; well removed from research in the exact, experimental, and social sciences; and reliant upon scanty information to issue legal rulings about realities and con- texts that are inevitably beyond their understanding. Keywords: ramadan; reform; scholars
• Revising Culture, Reinventing Peace: The Influence of Edward W. Said by Naseer Aruri and Muhammad Shuraydi, eds. (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2001. 190 pages.) by Hammer, Juliane (2003.0) - In “Humanizing the Oriental: Edward Said & Western Scholarly Discourse,” Yasmeen Abu- Laban presents three of Said’s most influential works: Orientalism (1978), The Question of Palestine (1979), and Covering Islam (1981). In “Empowering Inquiry: Our Debt to Edward W. Said,” Falk celebrates Said’s work as a scholar of many interests and talents, and out- lines how his deeply humanist worldview, personal experience as an exile, and critical mind have produced the impressive oeuvre of a leading intel- lectual of our time. Keywords: influence; orientalism; palestine; scholars
• The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia By Harry Munt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 244 pages.) by Aslan, Rose (2016.0) - The Holy City of Medina would be most appropriate for a graduate-level course on sacred space or early Islamic history. The study of sacred space has been emerging over the past twenty years as a specific methodological approach in its own right, one that has been adopted by scholars in many disciplines. Keywords: city; sacred; scholars

• Did Pakistanis Vote for the Status Quo? by Abdullah, Omer Bin (2013.0) - In comparison to this landslide, the wildly pop- ular Pakistan Tehreek Insaf (PTI; Pakistan Justice Movement), led by the in- ternationally loved and renowned sports hero-turned-philanthropist and Oxford-educated political leader Imran Khan, secured only twenty-eight na- tional assembly seats. Imran Khan, Pakistan: A Personal History (London: Bantam Press, 2011). 34. http://www.ualberta.ca/~rnoor/aitchison_college.html (accessed 15 May 2013). Keywords: ajiss303; country; election; hasan_ajiss; imran; karachi; khan; lahore; national; nawaz; page; pakistan; party; power; pti; sharif

• IIIT Panels at the 2015 ICNA Convention by Pervez, Saulat (2015.0) - Several years ago, IIIT and Hartford Seminary designed a joint Graduate Certificate in Imam and Muslim Community Leadership program to train imams in the necessary skills. All of these expectations and the difficulties that imams face in trying to fulfill them, he remarked, “explains the high turnover we have at mosques.” Keywords: community; iiit; imams; sunnah
• The Charismatic Community: Shi`ite Identity in Early Islam by Maria Massi Dakake (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007. 300 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2008.0) - Finally, chapter 12 argues that two codes of conduct are established for Shi`ites, one regulating interactions with non-Shi`ites, and one regulating interactions with other Shi`ites. It draws on the Shi`ite hadith of the Imami (Twelver) tradition in order to construct a rich picture of the developing Shi`ite community, stressing the Shi`ites’ ideas about their relationship to the Imam, to each other, and to non-Shi`ites, particularly the Islamic ummah at large. Keywords: community; islamic; shi`ites
• I Am a Palestinian Christian: By Mitri Raheb Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995,164 + xi pp. by Pace, Joseph L. (1998.0) - The greatest value of this book for a Western Christian looking at the Palestinian Christian community as an outsider is to be found in the second half, in which Raheb explores Holy Scripture through the eyes of a Palestinian Christian. Before exploring the three themes of Election, the Promise of the Land, and the Exodus, Raheb offers the foundations of a hermeneutic grounded in the conviction that Holy Scripture is not against Palestinian Christians. Keywords: christian; community; raheb
• Private Voluntary Organizations in Egypt: Islamic Development, Private Initiative, and State Control Denis J. Sullivan. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1994. by Carapico, Sheila (1996.0) - The second group of studies is inspired partly by these concerns over the radicalization of Islamist associations. Over the past five years or so, the considerable western interest in the role played by nongovernmental voluntary associations in Egypt has been reflected in a growing English-language literature on the subject. Keywords: associations; community; ngos
• IIIT-FCNA Fiqh Forum on Adoption and Orphan Care by Willoughby, Jay (2017.0) - They discussed whether caring for such children was obligatory, recommended, or optional; Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 113 the caretaker’s motive and/or intention and if witnesses are required to verify it; who is granted final responsibility; if the child can be moved to another lo- cation or enslaved; and so on. Also stated was that idea that the community is obliged to care for such children, because adoption is “halal, but with condi- tions”; that preserving their religion is more important than preserving their lineage; and that institutes need to be set up to resolve all such issues. Keywords: adoption; care; children; community; fcna; orphans
• The Shi‘a in Modern South Asia: Religion, History, and Politics By Justin Jones and Ali Usman Qasmi, eds. (Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 212 pages.) by Bruckmayr, Philipp (2016.0) - Moreover, the contribution pro- vides a window onto transnational Shi‘i endeavors long before 1979. Modern transnational dynamics are also the focus of Mirza’s comparative chapter on diverging conceptions of Twelver Shi‘i reform, represented by the Khoja-led World Islamic Network and the Tanzeem group of Hyderabad. Keywords: community; east; husain; shi‘i; shi‘ism; south

• Islamic Political Thought after the Arab Spring by Willoughby, Jay (2013.0) - After open- ing with several questions – How have the events in the Middle East and Arab world influenced and continued to shape Islamic political thought? – he began to make his case that the underlying political theory of the Arab Spring represents something new in Islamic political thought. Keywords: islamic; sunni; thought
• Origins of the Muslim Revival: From al-Afghani to Hassan al-Banna, a Century of Islamic Reformism by Tariq Ramadan. Bayard, 1998.479 pp by Berkouk, M'hand (1999.0) - Although this book lacks in originality, it has the merit of offering French-speak- ing readers a new perspective on Islamic thought and movement - a perspective that is written from within the cradle of the movement (the author is al-Banna's grandson) and that reflects the aspirations and disappointments of its members. One hopes this will continue to generate debate on the issue of Islamic thought and movement without remaining a prisoner of the Jules Fenian cultural superiority complex that rejects anything that is not culturally French. Keywords: banna; islamic; movement; thought
• Al Ghazali between Philosophy and Sufism by Ceylan, Yasin (1995.0) - His rejection of philosophy and his status as the author of such philosophical works as The Intentions of the Philosophers and The Inconsistency of the Philosophers, which rank high in the Islamic version of Peripatetic philosophy, are mile- stones. To illustrate the two negative aspects of Peripatetic philosophy, the fol- lowing examples can be given. Keywords: beliefs; philosophers; philosophy; reason; thought

• Egemenlik öncesi İslami Meşrutiyetçilik: 1861 Tunus Anayasası’nın İki Müdafaası: (Çev. Muhammed Halid Alboğa) by March, Andrew (2024.0) - %*+%,-.(/)%!0!1,#0)!(!0#%2+03'$'4%!)+0'5! Bu makalenin amacı, yirminci yüzyılda halifelik sonrası İslamcı düşünceye karşıtlık oluşturan, İslami modernite için çok önemli olan bir safhayı incelemek- tir. Bu ge- lişmeye yol açan süreç, ayrılmaz bir şekilde Afrika ve Orta Doğu’daki artan Av- rupa müdahalesi ile bağlantılıydı. Keywords: a.g.e; adalet; ahlaki; allah’ın; anayasal; ancak; ancak bu; arasında; atıfta; aynı; açısından; bazı; belirli; bey; bile; bin; bin diyâf; bir; birlikte; bkz; brown; bununla; burada; büyük; daha; dair; devlet; devletin; değil; değildir; dini; diyâf; diğer; dokuzuncu; doğrudan; eden; eder; edilen; egemenlik; ehlü’l; etme; geleneksel; genel; gibi; göre; hakkında; halkın; hatta; hayreddin; hem; hem de; herhangi; hiçbir; hukukun; hükümdarın; hüseyni; ihlal; iki; ilahi; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; ilk; islamic; itaat; için; i̇bn; i̇slami; kabul; kadar; kamu; kanun; karşı; kendi; kişisel; konusunda; kurucu; madde; meclis; mevcut; modern; mutlak; müslüman; nedenle; olan; olarak; olduğu; olduğunu; olmayan; opqo%r<0<+%!0-:-+-+/0/0%h.*%d31; ortaya; osmanlı; otorite; paşa; paşa’nın; press; s--+/; sadece; sahip; siyaset; siyasi; sonra; söz; tam; tanzimat; tarafından; tek; temel; teorisi; tunus; tüm; tür; university; veya; ve’l; yalnızca; yeni; yerine; yetki; yol; yöneticinin; yönetim; yüksek; yürütme; yüzyıl; zamanda; ziyade; çok; çünkü; öncesi; önemli; ümmetin; üzerindeki; üzerine; şekilde; şeriat
• Düşüncenin Sınır Taşları Ötesinde TANRI: (Çev. Suna Nur Sarıhan Güneş) by Ahsan, Abbas (2024.0) - Tükenmeyi empoze etmek, klasik mantığın, bir nesnenin bir yüklemin uzantısında veya genişleme karşıtlığın- da başarısız olduğu herhangi bir olası durumu tanımaması anlamına gelir. Bu tür durumlarda, bir yüklemin bir nesneye göre hem doğru hem de yanlış olduğu olası bir durum yoktur. Keywords: 0%$/0/(%r-54-(/%uj'+*01'%r!@v; 3530t'0; akıl; alternatif; ancak; anlamda; anlamına; arasında; argüman; atıfta; aynı; bazı; bağlı; bağımsız; başka; belirli; bilgi; bilişsel; bir; bir şekilde; birlikte; bizim; bu nedenle; bu tür; bunun; bununla; böyle; daha; dereceden; değildir; dizi; dolayısıyla; doğru; durum; dünya; düşünce; eder; elde; ele; epistemik; etmek; eğer; farklı; gelir; genel; gerekli; gerçek; gerçekler; gerçeğin; gibi; göre; görecelik; göreceliğin; hakikat; hakkında; hayal; hem; herhangi; herhangi bir; hiçbir; iddia; ifade; ifadeler; iki; ikinci; ile; ilgili; imkânsız; insan; ise; izin; için; içinde; kabul; kadar; kant’ın; karşı; karşılık; kavramsal; kendi; klasik; krausz; mantıksal; mantıksal olarak; mantığın; mutlak; mümkün; nasıl; nedeni; nedenle; olabilir; olacaktır; olan; olarak; olası; olduğu; olduğunu; olmadığı; olmayan; onları; ortaya; oxford; philosophy; press; referans; rölativist; rölativistler; sadece; sahip; sonucu; sonuç; tamamen; tanrı’nın; tarafından; temel; temsil; teolojik; truth; tüm; tür; university; var; veya; yalnızca; yani; yanlış; yasaları; yerine; yine; yoktur; zaman; zamanda; çelişmezlik; çok; çünkü; önce; önemli; örneğin; şekilde; şeye; şeyin
• ajiss-3880 by None (None) - Она утверждает, что их одежда, направления путешествий и способы ухода за собой превращают «Восток» в товар для за- падных потребителей. Ее увлекательные концепции и конкретные приме- ры делают именно это, причем в общедоступной форме. Keywords: press; university; арджана; главе; для; или; как; которые; мистического; религиозные; традиции; что
• ajiss-3932 by None (None) - Eko- nomik faaliyetlere ilişkin böyle bir algı isteklerin yerini ihtiyaçların aldığını ve tüm faaliyetlerin, bir bireyin veya bir topluluğun refahını arttırmaya yönelik amaçları gerçekleştirmede birer araç olarak görülmesi gerektiğini ima eder. Makamlar, kişinin dinî hayatının bir parçası olarak günlük faaliyetler içinde sıkı bir manevi egzersiz ve adanmışlık yoluyla elde edilebilir. Keywords: a.g.e; ahlaki; ancak; anlamına; arasında; aynı; ayrıca; bağlamında; beyrut; bir; bireysel; birlikte; bkz; daha; davranış; değil; dinî; diğer; dünyâ; düşüncesi; edeb; edebin; eder; ekonomik; elde; ele; erdemli; fayda; fıkhi; gazzâlî; gazzâlî’nin; genel; geçimini; gibi; göre; hakkında; hem; hukuki; ifade; iktisadi; iktisat; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; insan; islamic; iyi; için; i̇bn; i̇hyâ; kendi; kesb; kişinin; klasik; manevi; maslahat; mâverdî; müslüman; nasıl; olan; olarak; olduğunu; para; press; sadece; servet; tarafından; tasavvuf; temel; ticaret; university; veya; yerine; yoluyla; yönelik; zamanda; zühd; züht; çeşitli; çok; örneğin; şekilde; şeriat; şeybânî

• Science in the Islamic Polity in the Twenty-First Century: 25-29 Shawwal 1415/26-30 March 1995 Islamabad, Pakistan by Nadeem, Khurshid Ahmad (1996.0) - The theoretical papers focused on such questions as the nature and sig­ nificance of science, the concept of Islamic science, and Islamic epistemol­ ogy. As modem science is based on western values and the priority given to scientific investigation is determined by western requirements, science must be indigenized. Keywords: islamic; science
• World Conference on the International Islamic Calendar: The Astronomical Research Unit University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Rabi- al Awwal 29 - Rabi al Akhir 1,1412 October 8-10,1992 by Ilyas, Mohammad (1992.0) - Originally known as Pantai Acheh Astronomical Centre, it was officially renamed to honor Muhammad ?‘&it Jaliil a1 Din a1 Falaki a1 Azhan; a noted ‘ d i m and fuqzl, a regional pioneer in Islamic astronomy, and the first religious scholar to use logarithms in his calendrical calculation system. This was supported by Muhammad Baghdadi (Morocco) and Abdul Rahman I. Doi (Malaysia) in their outlines, respectively, of the availability of scientific 434 The American Joumd of Islamic Social Sciences 9 3 and Islamic research centers. Keywords: calendar; conference; islamic; malaysia; science
• Towards a Contemporary Philosophy of Islamic Science by Ibrahim, Anwar (1990.0) - Our attempts to develop a contemporary Islamic philosophy of science cannot be divorced from Islamic science in history. In shaping a contemporary philosophy of science, we need to search history for answers, among numerous others, to fundamental questions: (1) What was original and Islamic about Islamic science; and (2) How did Muslim scientists infuse and interpret the ethics and values of Islam into their work? Keywords: contemporary; islamic; philosophy; science; theories; theory
• “Islamization of Attitude and Practice in Science and Technology”: February 27-March 1, 1987 Washington, DC by Lodhi, Airifin (1987.0) - I , IYOI Dr. Ali Kyrala - The Islamic Basis of the Coming Muslim Technology Dr. Tariq S . The concluding session consisted of the summary of the Workshop given by Dr. Iqbd J. Unus and some concluding remarks by Drs. Keywords: science; technology

• Arabic, Islam, and the Allah Lexicon: How Language Shapes Our Conception of God by John A. Morrow, ed. (USA: Edwin Melton Press, 2006. 317 pages. by Farghal, Mohammed (2008.0) - Her empirical study on the frequency of using Allah-featuring expressions by informants from different Arab countries shows striking similarities in the heavy use of such familiar pan-Arab expressions as bismillaah (in the name of Allah), ’al- 140 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:4 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk hamdu lillaah (Praise be to Allah), ’inšaa’ ’allaah, and wallaah (By Allah), regardless of whether they live in an Arab or a foreign country. Surprisingly, such languages as Persian and Urdu, which are spoken by non-Arab Muslim communities, noticeably lag behind in the employment of the Allah lexicon, as they favor the use of the native word khuda (God) instead of Allah. Keywords: allah; arab; lexicon
• International Seminar on Shah Wali-Allah's Thought by Abdul Majeed, Nazeer Ahmad (2001.0) - The names of the participant scholars are as follows:Mawlana Ziauddin Islahi, Ms. Anjum Ara, Dr. Qaisar Habib Hashmi, Dr. Hamid Nasim Rafiabadi, Dr. Razaullah Mubarakpuri, Ms. Darakhshan Anjum, Dr. Zafar Ahmad Siddiqui, Mawlana Fahim Akhar Nadvi, Mr. Sawar Alam Nadvi, Mr. Fayyaz Ahmad Butt, Prof. Badruddin al-Hafiz,, Prof. Ehtesham Ahmad Nadvi, Mr. Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Dr. Masood Anwar Alvi, Prof. M. Aslam Islahi, Dr. A. B. Shabnam Subhani, Mr. Ibn Laiq Azmi, Ms. Saminah Bi, Prof. M. Rashid Nadvi, Dr. Zafarul Islam Islahi, Dr. Anjum Ara Anjum, Dr. M. Raziul Islam Nadvi, Mawlana Ashhad Rafiq Nadvi, Prof. Abdul Bari, Dr. Ghulam Yahya Anjum, Dr. Jamshed Ahmad Nadvi, Mawlana Waliullah Qasmi, Hakim Altaf Ahmad Azmi, M. Farmkh Jalali, Dr. Wali Husain Jafri, Mufti M. Mushtaq Tejarvi, Dr. M. Saleem Qasmi, Prof. Mahmudul Haq, Dr. Abdur Rasheed Butt, Dr. Tawqir Alam Falahi, Mawlana Habib Rehman Khan Nadvi Azhari, Mawlana Obaid Iqbal Asim, Dr. Abdd Majid Nadvi, Dr. Nazeer Ahmad Abdul Majeed, Ms. Shbnam Bilal, Mr. Shakeel Ahmad Samadani, Dr. Abdul Azim Islahi, Dr. M. Ayyub Nadvi, Mr. Ehsanullah Khan, Mr. Mohammad Muslihuddin, Mawlana M. Jarjis Karimi, Prof. M. Ijteba Nadvi, Mawlana Abdul Moeed Madani and Mawlana Nizamuddin Islahi. Prof. M. Hamid Ansari, the vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University, presided over the inaugural session of the three-day international seminar, which was held in the Conference Room of the Administrative Block. Keywords: allah; islamic; prof; seminar; wali
• Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. (1990.0) - While seeking Grace from Allah And (His) Good Pleasure, And aiding Allah and His Messenger: Such are indeed The sincere ones- Simh A1 Hashr (59:8) , That ye believe in Allah And His Messenger, and that Ye suive (your utmost) Keywords: allah; wealth
• Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1989.0) - Looking at these verses we see that the Qur'an deals with aspects of physical power in terms of trained and ever-ready horses and cavalry as well as fmance which were, in the time of the Prophet, very important components of military power. The emphasis here was on physical power, in particular the number of fighters. Keywords: allah; power; verses
• Ghazali’s Juristic Treatment of the Shari‘ah Rules in al-Mustasfa by Hammad, Ahmad Zaki (1987.0) - Third, they must be distinguished from other acts in the mind of the commanded individual and be known as an address from Allah. Obligations with latitude (wiijib muwussu’) are those whose prescribed times can accommodate the performance of the obligations-any moment within the time range-along with other acts. Keywords: acts; address; allah; command; evil; ghazdi; good; mustasfa; obligation; obligatory; performance; person; reason; rules; time; wiijib
• Ethics of Decision-Making in Islamic and Western Environments by Shaikh, Muzaffar A. (1988.0) - An important aspect of Islamic decision making is how a group should go about making a decision. We shall attempt to illustrate most of these attributes with respect to ethics in decision making in the following paragraphs. Keywords: allah; business; decision; ethical; ethics; group; holy; islamic; making; vol
• Guiding Light Selections from the Holy Qur'an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. (1986.0) - (only) those of you who do wrong: Surah VIJI:25 ( Y O :JLih) And confuse not their beliefs (Truly) in security, for they Surah VI:82 Verily, Allah does not do the least Wrong unto men, but it is men Who wrong themselves. Keywords: allah; surah; wrong
• ajiss-3933 by None (None) - Bun- dan dolayı niyet hadisi Kur’an’ın “Öyleyse Allah’a ihlaslı bir şekilde dua edin” (40:14) ayetinin bir aktarımı olarak görülebilir ve hatta böyle de okunmuştur. Örneğin, bir rivayete göre “Allah dış görünüşünü- ze ve mallarınıza bakmaz, ama kalplerinizde olana ve amellerinize bakar. Keywords: ahlaki; alan; allah; ancak; arasındaki; asad; asad’in; aynı; başka; bedensel; belirli; benim; benliğin; bilgi; bir; birlikte; biçimleri; bkz; bunun; burada; böylece; daha; dair; değil; dikkat; dil; diğer; dolayısıyla; doğru; düşünce; ebû; eder; ele; erdemli; etnografik; eylemin; faillik; failliğe; gazzâlî; gazzâlî’nin; gazzâlî’ye; gelenek; geleneğin; gibi; göre; görüşme; hadis; hakkındaki; hem; hicret; iki; ilahi; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; inayet; insan; irade; istek; iyi; için; içsel; i̇hyâ; i̇slam; kabul; kalbin; kasıt; kendi; kişilerin; kişinin; mahmood; mahmood’un; nasıl; nedenle; niyet; niyetin; olan; olarak; olduğunu; onun; ortaya; piety; politics; secular; seküler; slam; son; söylemsel; tam; tek; translations; tüm; veya; yaptığı; yaşam; yeniden; yer; yerine; yoluyla; yönelik; zamanda; çünkü; önemli; üzere; üzerine; şekilde; şeklinde; şey
• ajiss-403 by None (None) - Presenting Saul as somehow unworthy conveys this idea. 248. (Cairo: al-Hay’ah al- 46 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Misriyyah al-`Ammah li al-Kitab, 1979); Abu Ja`far Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid al-Tabari (d. 310/923), Jami` al-Bayan `an Ta’wil ay al-Qur’an, ed. Keywords: allah; bible; biblical; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; intertextuality; joshua; king; new; pdf; qur’anic; reading; samuel; saul; story; talut; texts; trial; verse; version

• Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: By Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, and Daniel Brumberg, eds. (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. 322 pages.) by Hamid, Shadi (2005.0) - Considering that Egypt and Jordan, Book Reviews 131 once thought to be harbingers of Arab democracy, have fallen into the “trap of liberalizing autocracy,” it has become increasingly difficult to envision how real democracy will ever actually come about in the region. Other authors, in the first of three sections entitled “Democratization in the Arab World,” argue that contrary to what appearances may suggest, many Arab countries are not only stagnating insofar as real, structural change is concerned, but are actually regressing in some respects. Keywords: arab; democracy; east; middle
• Al-Qaeda: A Nontraditional Movement by Brieger, Pedro (2005.0) - In this puzzle, the only missing part is whether this makes al-Qaeda a terrorist group or a new type of Islamic movement. The outrages carried out in recent years in diverse places of the world bear something that can only be called the “mark of al-Qaeda.” Keywords: american; arab; bin; islamic; laden; movement; network; qaeda; saudi
• Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: By Adeed Dawisha (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002. 352 pages.) by Hamid, Shadi (2005.0) - Dawisha goes beyond the successes, excesses, and outright failures that defined Arab nationalism at its height. Using a wide variety of English and Arabic source material, he weaves a compli- cated picture, analyzing in detail how Arab nationalism was born and how it would die just as quickly. Keywords: arab; dawisha; nasser; nationalism
• The Making of an Egyptian Arab Nationalist: The Early Years of Azzam Pasha, 1893-1936 by Ralph M. Coury. (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 1998: 528 pages.) by Reid, Donald (2001.0) - The Amuicvl J o d of I s h c Social Sciences 18.4 Azzam was the most persistent of the old regime politicians articulating what Coury usefully labels Egyptian Arab nationalism. Book Reviews 179 The Making of an Egyptian Arab Nationalist: The Early Years of Azzam Pasha, 1893-1936 Ralph M. Coury. Keywords: arab; azzam; coury; egypt; years
• America in an Arab Mirror: Images of America in Arabic Travel Literature- An Anthology, 1895-1995 by Kamal Abdel-Malek (editor), New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000, 152 pp. by Hammer, Juliane (2001.0) - How do Arab travelers view the US? It would be interesting to study this creation of visual images of America in Arab literature further. Keywords: accounts; america; arab
• The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain's Relinquishment of Power in Her Last Three Arab Dependencies by Glen Balfour-Paul. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xxiii + 198 pp. by Sullivan, Anthony T. (1996.0) - In Balfour-Paul‘s opinion, British accomplishments in the Gulf were perhaps less impressive than in Sudan but certainly more so than in South Arabia. Such putative services rendered to the Arab Gulf sheikdoms may explain partially why, in 1968, two of the Arab rulers offered personally to pay to keep British forces in the Gulf if only the British would reverse their decision to withdraw. Keywords: arab; balfour; british; gulf; sudan
• Pluralism and Ethnic and Sectarian Diversity in the Arab World: 12-16 Jumada al Akhir/26-30 November 1993 International Institute of Islamic Thought Herndon, Virginia by Nafi, Basheer (1994.0) - In an important contribution to the seminar, MOM Abul-Fad1 (West- ern Thought Project, IIIT) stated that, epistemologically, the question of pluralism is universal and not a problem of Islamic thought alone. The first was that of Khalid al Zir (Kuwaiti Ministry of Awqaf), who foc.ussed on the value of research as a higher value and emphasized the role of waqf in Islamic life. Keywords: arab; islamic; pluralism
• The Arabs and Africa: By Khair El-Din Haseeb (EX) London: Croom Helm and Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 717 p. by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1987.0) - In fact, one of the most curious analysis I have come across in years is the contention of Helmy Sharawi that the oil price increase was a Western trick designed to strengthen the dollar and that Arab aid was a conspiracy against the Africans. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 321 Book Review The Arabs and Africa Khair El-Din Haseeb (EX) London: Croom Helm and Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. Keywords: africa; afro; arab; relations
• IRAQ: Eastern Flank of the Arab World by Christine Moss Helms Published by: The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 208 pp; $28.95 cloth; $9.95 paper; 1985 by Ahmad, Mumtaz (1985.0) - Dr. Christine Moss Helms, a research associate in the Brookings Institu- tion’s Foreign Policy Studies Program, does an admirable job in her book to provide a historical perspective on many of the major developments in Iraq, including its war with Iran. Having done thorough research in primary sources, including extensive field trips and interviews with major political figures in Iraq, and a careful use of secondary literature, Dr. Helms has tried to go beyond today’s headlines and had provided her readers with a rich and insightful background to the politics, economy, society and foreign policies of Iraq. Keywords: arab; helms; iran; iraq; war
• ajiss-487 by None (None) - Though al-Jabri is “one of the most original and multifaceted philosophers and intellectuals of our time” (p. xii), commands considerable influence on the Arab world, and is regarded as significant and influential as the Irani- an Abdolkarim Soroush, the Egyptian Hasan Hanafi, and the French Mo- hammed Arkoun, he has remained insufficiently recognized in the West or Euro-American scholarship. Edited by Zaid Eyadat (University of Jordan), Francesca M. Corrao, and Mohammed Hashas (both from LUISS, University of Rome), this work analyzes and highlights “how al-Jabri has been a fertile intellectual force in the contemporary Arab world” (15). Keywords: arab; jabri
• Teaching Arabs, writing Self: Memoirs of an Arab-American woman By Evelyn Shakir (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2014. 170 pages.) by Inloes, Amina (2015.0) - Many westerners who studied Arabic in Syria will see their own experi- ences there mirrored in Shakir’s third trip in 2008, during which she visits the American language school in Damascus, the Roman ruins in Bosra, and – in- terestingly – a number of western expatriates as well as the flood of Iraqi refugees from Saddam’s regime and the “war on terror.” Through vignettes, Shakir expresses the anger felt by Arab Americans in a land where Harry Truman “waited all of 11 minutes before saying yes when Jews in Palestine declared themselves a state” (p. 4); their voicelessness when “comics on American TV gloated openly at Israel’s victory” and “Arabs were mocked pitilessly” (p. 5); and their shame when, in the early seventies, “Pales- tinians are hijacking airlines and planting bombs” (p. 5). Keywords: american; arab; beach; shakir

• Managing Sustainable Development and Poverty Alleviation in the Islamic World by Fredericks, L. J. (2009.0) - Malaysia’s experiences of awqaf, zakat, and waqaf were highlighted in two papers as examples of Islamic poverty alleviation interventions within the state-instituted Islamic regulatory framework. The author’s core point was that Islamic principles should be more closely adhered to in micro-financing by refining decreasing partnerships so that they will be in alignment with the Islamic ideals of fairness and equitable treat- ment for all parties. Keywords: development; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; malaysia; poverty
• Political Development: An Islamic Perspective by Zeenath Kausar, ed (Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: The Other Press, 2000. 262 pages.) by Mohar, Tunku (2003.0) - He begins by uncovering the flaws of western thinking on development, Book Reviews 193 tary intervention and the use of Islam as a symbol of legitimacy in Bangladesh (Syed Serajul Islam); national development planning, political stability, and lslamization in Malaysia (Zeenath Kausar); and the lslamization process in Sudan, where the people are divided along religious and ethnic lines (El-Fatih A. Abdel Salam). An Islamic Perspective is divided into two broad parts: the conceptual foundations of political development and its case stud­ ies. Keywords: development; islamic
• Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance: The fifth intensive orientation course under the title "Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance" was held in Markfield, U.K., September 25-28, 1997. by Al-Zu'bi, Bashir (1998.0) - The topics included Islamic banking and f mance, Islamic economics, economic development from the Islamic perspective, the creation of money, the rationale of prohibiting interest and its prohibition in western literature, debt, equity, Islamic fund management, the role of zakat in the eradica­ tion of poverty, Islamic finance in the West, and the new halal invest­ ment company in Europe. Dr. Monawar Iqbal talked about the rationale of Islamic banking and the services that people are in need of, e.g., investment in the form of mudarabah, musharakah, and murabah. Keywords: banking; development; economics; islamic
• Islam and Economic Development: By Muhammad Umer Chapra, The International Institute of Islamic Thought and Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1993, 166 pp. by Khan, Shujaat A. (1994.0) - Chapra shows the flaws and in coflsistencies present in development strategies, which are built on a mix of the neoclassical economic thought and the development planning of socialist thought. He makes a telling point by hypo- thesizing that material development with justice and stability is not possible without moral development. Keywords: chapra; development; islamic; system
• National Seminar on Development Journalism: 19-21 Sha'ban 19-21 1413 / 11-13 February 1993 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by Hassan, Muji (1994.0) - Is- mail Mustapa's 'The Changing Role: Electronic Media in Development Journalism traced the origin and development of electronic media in Ma- laysia and the part played by Radio Television Malaysia journalists and programmers. The seminar was opened by Riley Haji Jeffrey (Deputy Minister of Information, Malaysia), who discussed the importance and the need for development journalism to achieve the goal of Vision 2020 (i.e., be- coming a fully developed country by 2020). Keywords: development; journalism; malaysia; media
• Summary of the Proceedings of the Fourth International Economics Seminar: World Bank, Washington, DC 13-14 Dhu al Qa'dah 1412/ 16-17 May 1992 by Ahmad, Ehsan (1992.0) - Ataul Haq Pramanik (International Islamic University, Selangor, Ma- laysia), in his paper ”Human Development in the Context of Some Resource-Rich Education-Poor, Education-Rich Resource-Poor Develop- ing Counties,” pointed out that no nation regardless of its successes in human development, can be completely successful without ethical, moral, and spiritual considerations. The program was divided into five sessions: a) Human Resource Development in an Islamic Perspective; b) Human Resource Development in a Comparative Perspective; c) Issues in Human Resource Development: Keywords: development; islamic; resource

• Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance By Shabnam J. Holliday (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2011, hbk. 180 pages.) by Behbahani, Leyli I. (2012.0) - By looking at the genealogy of tensions and dynamics between Irānīyat (referring to pre-Islamic Iran), Islāmīyat (referring to Islam, namely Persian Shi’i), and the Western influences in defining what it means to be Iranian, Holliday illustrates the roots of the “contemporary Iranian national identity” and “Iranian cosmopolitanism” (127). Chapter 1 begins with a theoretical discussion of Holliday’s discursive approach, which “allows for an analysis of multiple ideologies embedded in the multiple constructions of Iranian national identity” (11) and, there- by, the dynamics between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic discourses pertaining to this identity. Keywords: holliday; identity; iran
• “Earned Europeanness”: Turkey and Diaspora Turks in Europe by Erdogan, M. Murat (2009.0) - Turkish migrants are a “soft power” who can contribute not only to Turkey’s admission into the EU, but also to the general interests of European countries – particularly in times of crisis, as they are very experienced in the financial and economic spheres. ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp Forum “Earned Europeanness”: Turkey and Diaspora Turks in Europe Keywords: ajiss; countries; european; europeanness; identity; integration; migrants; trial; turkey; turks
• The Maghrib in the New Century: Identity, Religion, and Politics by Bruce Maddy-Weitzman and Daniel Zisenwine, eds. (Gainesville: University Press of Forida, 2007. 278 pages.) by Newcomb, Rachel (2009.0) - Edited by Bruce Maddy- Weitzman and Daniel Zisenwine, this collection explores the socioeconomic and political challenges facing North Africa in the twenty-first century. This is followed by Robert Mortimer’s examination of Algerian identity through literature. Keywords: africa; identity; north
• Identity and Religion in Palestine: The Struggle between Islamism and Secularism in the Occupied Territories by Loren D. Lybarger (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2007. 265 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2008.0) - The Palestinian political identity is in a state of flux, and Islam’s dominant role in Palestinian society can no longer be ignored or dismissed. Having explored both theories, Fatah’s visual and demographic components are then analyzed, revealing a calculated image that integrates the diverse constituencies of Palestinian society, from univer- sity students and new professionals to villagers and shop owners. Keywords: gaza; identity; islamist; nationalism
• Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan by Linda Layne. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 188 pp. by Boulby, Marion (1997.0) - Finally, appearing as it did after the 1989 parliamentary elec­ tions, it seems extraordinary that this work has completely neglected to discuss the Islamic component of Jordanian social identity. In the introductory chapter of this work, the author reviews and assesses notions of social identity. Keywords: identity; layne
• Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition by Tadeusz: Swietochowski, Columbia University Press, 1995. by Kucukcan, Talip (1997.0) - Swietochowski argues (p. 108) that Russia devised a policy designed to dis- mantle the bedrock of Azeri identity by promoting “the millat over the umma identity, of the secular, rather than the Islamic foundations of communal life, and of fragmentation rather than of the Muslim unity.” He argues that the suppression of Azeri identity in Iran had certain parallels albeit different in scope and character, in the Soviet Union. Keywords: azerbaijan; azeri; identity; soviet; swietochowski
• Ummah or Nation: Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society By Abdullah al-Ahsan. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation, 1992/1413, 158 pp. by Voll, John Obert (1993.0) - Fundamental Islamic values coflsfitute an effective basis for a su- preme urnrnatic loyalty in the contempomry world that would include national identity within a hietatchy of other secular identities. New conceptualiza- tions view national identities as products of individual and gmup world- views and petceptions. Keywords: ahsan; identity

• War: Essays in Political Philosophy by Larry May, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 325 pages.) by Wyman, Ann C. (2010.0) - Luban also offers an incisive justification of the laws of war and war crimes trials: “[S]taging war crimes trials is an expressive act plant- ing law’s flag in contested moral terrain” (p. 287). Since this is a highly nuanced exploration of just war, it is recommended for upper-level under- graduates, higher academicians, and policymakers. Keywords: jus; torture; war
• The Just War and Jihad: Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam By R. Joseph Hoffman, ed. (New York: Prometheus Books, 2006. 303 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2007.0) - In the “relative” framework of “empirico-rationalism,” he argues that religious violence is always “immoral,” positing that “life,” as a manifestation of that which “exists,” is worth more than that which does not exist (p. 113). His main proposition is that recent religious violence is largely motivated by ideological competition between secular and religious claims to bases of legitimacy (p. 233). Keywords: violence; war
• Forty Years after the War of June 1967: “Peace comes with pain and strength.” Yitzhak Rabin by Srour, Soha (2007.0) - He added that every Arab nation today recognizes Israel’s right to exist and that a 2006 poll in Arab states, and another one con- ducted among Arab Americans and American Jews, showed that an over- whelming majority of Arabs would support agreements with Israel that allowed a two-state solution. Even as the Palestinians and the Arabs opposed Israel’s right to exist, by the end of 148 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 1974 the PLO’s goal was partition. Keywords: conflict; israel; war
• The Israeli Lobby and the U.S. Response to the War in Lebanon by Srour, Soha (2007.0) - When Hezbollah killed three Israeli soldiers and captured two more near the Israel-Lebanon border on 12 July 2006, Israel responded by bombing Lebanon and Hezbollah responded by firing rockets into northern Israel. He asserted that Israel is the main bone of contention with other Middle Eastern nations, that President Bush opposes Iran’s nuclear ambition because it threatens Israel, and that the United States’unconditional support for Israel makes winning the war on terror harder. Keywords: american; israel; lobby; war
• Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War: By Lawrence G. Potter and Gary G. Sick, eds. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 224 pages.) by Gormley, Louise; Armani, David (2006.0) - In the chilling “Outsiders as Enablers: Consequences and Lessons from International Silence on Iraq’s Use of Chemical Weapons during the Iran- Iraq War,” Joost R. Hiltermann reveals that Iraq experimented with [poison] gas and faced no real opposition, as the international community ignored it and thereby silently condoned further chemical weapons-induced mass mur- der. Book Reviews Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War Lawrence G. Potter and Gary G. Sick, eds. Keywords: iran; iraq; war
• Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Marketing the War against Iraq by Paul Rutherford (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Inc., 2004. 226 pages.) by Ahmad, Ayesha (2005.0) - His panel saw those networks’ messages as particularly American, and there- fore manipulative – a panel of American voices might tell a different story and paint a more accurate picture of the effects of such marketing. 114 After all, the most significant target of Washington’s pro-war propaganda is American public opinion. Keywords: american; marketing; war
• The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 by Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim, eds;. Afterword by Edward W Said (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 234 pages.) by Hammer, Juliane (2003.0) - Afterword by Edward W Said New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. For instance, 1948 can be described as a founding element of Palestinian and Israeli iden­ tities respectively. Keywords: war
• Ethnic Conflict in World Politics: By Ted Robert Gurr and Barbara Harff. Dilemmas in World Politics Series. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994, pp. 206. by Musa, Ibrahim (1997.0) - An Afghan of unknown views: Sayyid Jamal al Din al Afghani and the role of Shi‘ism in Islamic political thought. Although he died in the 189O’s, his stature among political movements calling themselves “Islamist” has steadi- ly increased in this century. Keywords: alfarabi; islamic; number; order; ph.d; southern; swahili; university; war
• The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War In the New World Order by Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993. by Hill, Fred (1997.0) - The “second wave” of Gulf War analysis is now upon us. The authors have achieved a higher level of journalism than pre- vious Gulf War accounts, but one can still hear the cheers from the locker room. Keywords: authors; gulf; war
• Making Refuge: Somali Bantu Refugees and Lewiston, Maine by Catherine Besteman Durham, (NC: Duke University Press Books, 2016. 352 pages.) by Pervez, Saulat (2017.0) - This mainly white town experienced a sudden transformation when thousands of Somali refugees began to arrive in 2001 “looking for safety, a low cost of living, financial support, and a way to re-create community support structures” (p. 14). Besteman depicts Somali refugees as vocal, en- franchised, and dynamic members of the nation, instead of “guests” who should be grateful and respect existing norms. Keywords: besteman; lewiston; refugees; somali; war
• The Great War and the Middle East: By Rob Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 354 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G.E. (2018.0) - Finally, the last four chapters cover how strategy was methodically implemented in Mesopotamia (1917-18) (chap. 9), the way the Ottoman Empire was defeated (1918, chap. 10), strategies of negotiation after the war and peacemaking (1919-23; chap. 11), and finally the making of strategy in war and peace (chap. 12). The devised mandate system for example, could very well be seen as a way (emergent strategy) of reconciling means (instrumental resources) and ends (visionary strategy), toward ‘intended consequences’ (redrawing the map of the region). Keywords: chap; ends; strategy; war

• Looking Beyond September 11: Islam in the West ‒ and Democratic Trends in the Middle East and North Africa by Khan, Saeed A. (2012.0) - The afternoon sessions began with an examination of “New Women, New Realities.” Shabana Mir (Assistant Professor in Social Foundations and Qualitative Inquiry at the Oklahoma State University’s College of Education) explored identity construction of Muslim American women on college campuses and the manner by which they negotiate both intra-faith and interfaith spaces. With a focus on the role of Muslim women in leadership capacities, Fauzia Er- fan Ahmed (Assistant Professor of Sociology and Assistant Professor of Women’s Studies in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at the Miami University of Ohio) discussed how two such individuals typified the struggles between leadership and subordination. Keywords: amss; conference; new; professor; university
• Imperialist Wars and Liberal Peace by Bala, Asma (2009.0) - To move past this “pedagogy of fear,” she called for a shift toward a pedagogy of hope rooted in anti-imperialist thought. Describing peacemaking as a civilizing mission with imperialist connotations, she out- lined cases of American military persons who sought asylum in Canada after feeling compelled to leave the army. Keywords: conference; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; oise; peace
• Islam in the Age of Global Challenges by Willoughby, Jay (2009.0) - Aaron Tyler (St. Mary’s University, San Antonio) spoke on “Tolerance as a Source of Peace: Gulen and the Islamic Conceptualization of Toler- ance.” Thus, Gulen is always trying to see the relationship between a given subject and his faith. Keywords: conference; gulen; movement; university
• Fine Arts in Egypt: 100 Years of Creativity by Gaber, Tammy (2008.0) - In the sessions on education, the presenters analyzed “Curriculum Development and Teaching Method in Fine Arts,” “Fine Arts Education and the Preservation of Cultural and Local Heritage,” “Fine Arts and Issues of the Environment,” and “The Devel- opment of Fine Arts Education and Information Technology.” Held under the auspices of Egypt’s first lady, Suzanne Mubarak, the opening ceremony featured welcome speeches by Farouk Hosni (minister of culture), Abdulla Barakat (president, Helwan University), Mohamed Mek- kawy (dean, Fine Arts), and Aleya Abdel-Hadi (conference organizer). Keywords: arts; conference; egypt
• From Orientalsim to Postcoloniality by Al Saeed, Ali (2006.0) - In the first “Black American Writing and Social Activism” workshop, Fredrik Sunnermark (senior lecturer, Cultural Studies, University West, Troll- hättan, Sweden) presented “Sameness and Difference: The Paradoxical Meaning of the ‘Negro’ in the Rhetoric of Martin Luther King, Jr.” Mari- angela Palladion (Ph.D. candidate, University of Stratchclyde, Glasgow, UK) spoke on “History, Postcolonialism, and Postmodernism in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,” which The New York Times recently named the best work of Amer- ican fiction in the last 25 years. The first day featured three keynote lectures: Anthony Grooms (writer and professor of creative writing, Kennesaw State University, Georgia, USA) on “Civil Rights Movement Narrative and the American Civic Place,” Inga Brandell (associate professor, Department of Political Science, Södertörn University) on “Revisiting Ibn Khaldun: Contemporary Use and Misuse of Classical Arab Science,” and Irina Sandomirskaja (professor of culture stud- ies, The Baltic and East European Graduate School, Södertörn University) on “One-sixth of the World: Avantgrade Film, Revolutionary Language and the Colonization of the Periphery in the USSR during the 1920s.” Keywords: american; conference; english; literature; university
• An Interfaith Perspective on Globalization for the Common Good by Dangor, Suleman (2004.0) - Josef Boehle (University of Birmingham, UK), David Coleman (Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii), and Kathleen Kevany (United Nations University, Japan) proposed ways in which religion could contribute to the common good. Annick de Witt (University of Nijmegan, The Netherlands), Peter Milward SJ (Renaissance Institute, Sofia University, Japan), and Audrey Kitagawa (Advisor: Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, United Nations) spoke on envi- ronmental issues. Keywords: conference; globalization; good; university
• AMSS Thirty-second Annual Conference: Bloomington, IN - September 26-28, 2003 by Mir, Shabana (2003.0) - Katherine Bullock (program committee chair, University of Toronto), Nazif Shahrani (professor of anthropology, director of Middle Eastern and Islamic studies program, Indiana University), Patrick O'Meara (dean, International Programs, Indiana University), and Louay Safi (president, AMSS) welcomed attendees and made introductory remarks. Shabana Mir (Indiana University) spoke on Keywords: conference; university
• Third Annual Conference of the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy by White, Svend W. (2002.0) - Moataz A. Fattah of Cairo University closed the panel with an overview of empirical evidence about Muslims' attitudes towards democracy in The Compatibilty of Muslims' Beliefs and Democracy: Survey Results. Auwalu Hamisu Yadudu of Bayero University in no, Nigeria, analyzed the Shari'a Keywords: conference; islamic
• Beacon of Knowledge: Conference in Honor of Seyyed Hossein Nasr by Kalin, Ibrahim (2002.0) - In his opening remarks, Stephen J. Trachtenberg, president of the George Washington University, underlined the importance of the scholarly career of Dr. Nasr in bridging the gaps between the sciences and humanities on the one hand, and Islam and the West, on the other. As an old friend and colleague of Dr. Nasr, Critchlow emphasized Dr. Nasr's contributions to the revival of the study of traditional arts and the establishment of the VITA while at the same time providing insights into the personal friendship between him and Dr. Nasr over the last thirty years . Keywords: conference; nasr
• International Conference on Dialogue of Civilizations by Akram, Ejaz (2000.0) - Also, the reason that the proposal of a dialogue came from the Muslim side is because Muslim civilization, which shows visible signs of rejuvination, is under pressure from all sides, geographical and ideolog- ical. The conference was hosted by the Institute of Islamic Studies of London (11s) and sponsored by Shahid Beheshti University (Iran), Allame Tabataba’ee University (Iran), the Institute for Political and International Studies (Iran) and the Islamic College for Advanced Studies (United Kingdom). Keywords: civilization; conference; dialogue; islamic
• God, Life and Cosmos: Theistic Perspectives by Kalin, Ibrahim (2000.0) - The papers presented at the conference touched upon nearly all of the major aspects of the religion-science relationship: the rise of modem phys- ical sciences and the responses of the Islamic as well as Christian worlds, philosophy of science, modem cosmology, theory of evolution and its meaning for the religious worldview, history of Islamic sciences and its rel- Conference Reports 139 evance for today’s Islamic world, and the question of causality both in its religious and scientific context. Drawing on the traditional distinction between the transmitted (naqli) and intellectual (uqli) sciences, Chittick emphasized the importance of intellectual sciences in confronting the chal- lenges of the modem world. Keywords: conference; islamabad; islamic
• International Conference on Islamic Economics in the 21st Century by Kamal, Omar M. (1999.0) - In general, the themes of the papers presented covered the areas of existing Islamic economic thought, Islamic economic institutions, economic cooperation and development, and Islamic economics in light of globalization. It also promoted cooperation at an individual and institutional level, reviewed the abilities of Islamic economic institutions, identified critical areas, and formulated plans to further contribute to the progress of Islamic economics in the next millenium. Keywords: banking; century; conference; economic; islamic; malaysia; paper; university
• Fourth IIGS International Conference on the Muslim World: 18-22 December 1995/25-29 Rajab 1416 Al al-Bayt University, Amman, Jordan by Khan, Shujaat A. (1996.0) - Rasheed Al- Feel discussed Muslim problems in a geographical context and concluded that they could be molved by mobilizing resources and promoting inter- Muslim trade. This four-day conference brought together a distinguished international gathering of geographers and social scientists to discuss issues of concern to Muslim countries. Keywords: conference; islamic; jordan; session
• The First Arab-Islamic Conference: 5-7 Jumada al Ula 1415/10-12 October 1994 Beirut, Lebanon by Nafi, Basheer (1995.0) - The secularization of Arabism and the rise of Arab nationalists to power in many Arab coun· tries led to frequent and bloody confrontations between the two sides over power and legitimacy of the state. An objective observer could discern easily that, while recognizing Islam as the frame of reference of Arab societies and a clear separation between Arabism and secularism were nonnegotiable points for the Islamists, diehard Arab nationalists of the old generation were still trying to play the game of redefining secularism and socialism. Keywords: conference; islamic; nationalists
• Imam al Tirmidhi and the Modern Age: An International Conference Tashkent, Uzbekistan, USSR Safar 24-27, 1411/September 14-17, 1990 by Yusuf, Mufti M.Y.M. (1991.0) - The Board should seek the cooperation of Islamic research organizations overseas in establishing an institute for the study and research on the hadith and on the lives of the mul].addithun. • Regular meetings should be held in Uzbekistan to further develop and enrich the science of hadith. A university should be established in honor of Imam Tirmidhi. Keywords: board; conference
• The Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists: Brockport, New York Rabi' al Awwal 28-30, 1410/October 27-29, 1989 by Abdullah, Omer Bin (1990.0) - One highlight of the Conference was the well-attended Interfaith Trialogue which was addressed by Dr. James Evans of Colgate Divinity School, Dr. Tamara Sann of St. John Fisher College, Rabbi Judea Miller of Rochester, NY, and Dr. Jamal Badawi of Halifax University, Nova Scotia, Canada. The First Session comprised two panels: Business and Economics in Islam where Dr. Ausaf Ali reflected on the Systemized Theory of the Islamic Economy. Keywords: conference
• The 14th Annual AMSE Conference: Safar 26-28.1409/October 7-9, 1988 by Partowmah, Mozaffar (1988.0) - A highlight of the Conference was the announcement of the A1 Khwarazmi Award that the AMSE will award annually to a distinguished Muslim scientist or engineer. Preprints and reprints may be obtained by writing to the AMSE office at P.O. Box 38, Plainfield, Indianna, 46168. Keywords: amse; conference
• Sixteenth Annual Conference of The Association of Muslim Social Scientists by Rahman, Mushtaqur (1987.0) - Ghayth Nur Kashif of the IIIT described the Afncan-American Dimensions of Islamic Conversions and Dennis Michael Warren of Iowa State University discussed the Spread of Islam into Central Ghana: A Century of Ethnic Migration and Islamic Impact Upon the Bono Ethnic Group. The next session on American Muslims was chaired by Dennis Michael Warren of Iowa State University. Keywords: conference; islamic; paper; session; university
• The 4th International Conference On Islamization Of Knowledge: (Khartoum, Sudan) by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1987.0) - The call for papers was published in the American J o u m l of Islamic Social Sciences in July, 1984 and the invitations were circulated wide- ly among Muslim scholars. Islamic Methodology and the Ethical Values 9. Keywords: conference; islamic; islamization; methodology

• The Politics of Chaos in the Middle East: By Olivier Roy (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. 165 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2009.0) - At Book Reviews 103 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk the same time, China and Russia are increasingly engaging in global affairs as they seek to assert themselves as major powers (pp. 9-10). Roy depicts Bush’s obsession with Iraq as part of a neo- conservative “Greater Middle East” ideological agenda, rather than an impe- rial design (p. 27). Keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; roy
• Fetishizing Dialogue and Commodifying Peacemaking by Tourage, Mahdi (2009.0) - Hence, a theological issue formulated and deployed in one culture loses its historically and culturally specific context necessary for the understanding of its full and concrete impact on human lives as it “crosses” borders.35 For example, consider comments by Hassan Rahimpour, one of the representa- tives of IKERI (recorded in the 2002 Toronto conference entitled: “The Positive and Negative Challenges of Modernity for Iranian Shi`i Muslims and North American Mennonites Christians”): It is along these lines that the Mennonites’ literature refers to the deceptively small but powerful and dangerous institution of IKERI with such over- determined phrases as “Iranian Shi`i Muslims,” giving the impression that somehow this institution is representative of all Iranian Shi`i Muslims.43 On the other hand, this protective bordercrossing permits erroneous categorical oversimplifications. Keywords: context; dialogue; example; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ikeri; iran; islamic; mcc; mennonites; mesbah; pdf; shi`i; trial; university; version; violence; yazdi
• Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict by Homa Katouzian and Hossein Shahidi, eds. (London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. 300 pages.) by Hassan-Yari, Houchang (2008.0) - After a quick review of the question of national interest in the Islamic Republic’s constitution, the author applies conceptual and theoretical mod- els to Iran’s performance in the realm of foreign policy to present a better understanding of the status of national interest in Iran’s policy. He asserts that Iran’s foreign policy is essentially idealist, indicating the existence of contradictory trends regarding the question of national interest. Keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; interest; iran; islamic
• The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan by Steven Salaita (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006. 234 pages.) by Kiel, Doug (2008.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:2 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Despite notable differences between Native and Palestinian cultures and somewhat homogenizing indigenous histories to bolster his argument, Salaita’s undertaking is an outstanding success. In this groundbreaking comparative analysis of the Holy Land pathos (labeled “pernicious mythology” and “messianic extrem- ism”) across national boundaries, Salaita explicates the Manifest Destiny pro- cess of “wresting Edenic land from savages in the name of prophesy and progress” (p. 119). Keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; land; salaita
• Islamic Democratic Discourse: Theory, Debates, and Philosophical Perspectives by M. A. Muqtedar Khan, ed. (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. 271 pages.) by Mir, Anita (2008.0) - Theory, Debates, and Philosophical Perspectives examines how Muslim thinkers have and are trying to formulate systems for good and ethical self-gover- nance and the necessity, therein, for political discourse. The debates in these essays, which span a wide range of subjects and periods, are held together by a common principle: political discourse has a long standing in the Muslim world. Keywords: discourse; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic
• ajiss-406 by None (None) - Ahmad ibn `Ali al-Buni, Kitab Shams al-Ma`arif al-Kubra wa-Lata’if al- `Awarif, 4 vols. The work and al-Buni, both of Hehmeyer: Water and Sign Magic in al-Jabin, Yemen 85 FIGURE 3: The Bayt al-Shaykh settlement’s cistern. Keywords: buni; charaktere; group; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; jabin; magic; pdf; siegel; signs; trial; und; version; water; winkler; yemen

• Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory By Robert Gleave (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. 212 pages.) by Tabrizi, Taymaz G. (2014.0) - As Gleave explains in his first chapter, literalism sees literal meaning as having an “advantage” over allusion, metaphor (majāz), and other kinds of meaning because it holds a “higher level of epistemological security” (p. 1). The fourth chapter deals with literal meaning in early Islamic legal theory. Keywords: author; literal; meaning; theory
• Mamluk History through Architecture: Monuments, Culture, and Politics in Medieval Egypt and Syria By Nasser Rabbat (London: I.B. Tauris, 2010. 261 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2012.0) - “Perception of Architecture in Mamluk Sources” continues in the same vein but details and documents Mamluk architecture in Cairo, Aleppo, Jeru- salem, Damascus, and Tripoli, all of which were amply described by the chron- iclers of the time. “Architects and Artists in Mamluk Society: The Perspective of the Sources” picks up where the previous left off in order to theorize, based on select sources, on the role of architects in Mamluk society. Keywords: architecture; author; islamic; mamluk
• Flowers of Galilee: The Collected Essays of Israel Shamir by Israel Shamir (Tempe, Arizona: Dandelion Books, 2004. 304 pages.) by Friedemann, Karin M. (2004.0) - The author debunks the myth of Islamic terror, pointing to the anti- Gentile polemic embedded in Jewish discourse. Jewish equal rights activists were steered into Zionism and became enemies to those blacks who rejected Jewish supremacy. Keywords: author; jews; shamir
• Orientalism in Lord Byron's "Turkish Tales": The Giaour (1813), The Bride of Abydos (1813), The Corsair (1814) and The Siege of Corinth (1813) by Abdur Raheem Kidwai. Lewiston, USA and Lampeter, UK: Mellen University Press, 1995, 304 pp. by Hasnain, lmtiaz (1998.0) - To quote the author, in the treatment of Oriental material and oriental history, Byron’s “judiciousness, sensitivity, ingenuity and sympathy were far more inseparably integrated as compared to Southey’s where it merely floats on the surface” (p. 203). In fact, in chapter 1, titled “Image of the Orient in English Literature: A Historical Survey,” it is in this vein that the main contours of literary Orientalism from the beginning up to Byron’s A. R. Kidwai’s book, Orientalism in Lord Byron’s “Turkish Tales” makes a critical study of Orientalism in an insightful and analytical manner. Keywords: author; byron; oriental
• The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution and the Turn to Islam by Robert Malley. Berkeley: University of California Press, 323 pp. by Ighemat, Arezki (1997.0) - In particular, the accumulation of debts and the drying up of international financial flows pushed Third World countries to “accept painful prescriptions of the international financial institutions” and turned to more individualistic strategies of development, giving up the strategies of collective self-reliance that were once a hallmark of Third Worldism. Book Reviews The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution and the Turn to Islam By Robert Malley. Keywords: algeria; author; worldism
• Oil in the New World Order: Edited by Kate Gillespie and Clement M. Henry. University Press of Florida, 1995. by Hamed, Anas H. (1997.0) - The third arti- cle discusses the regionalization of oil markets as another possible future for oil. The first article deals with oil policy. Keywords: author; industry; oil; order; policy
• Revolution and Economic Transition: The Iranian Experience By Hooshang Amirahmadi. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1990, 384pp. by Bashir, Abdel-Hamid (1991.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, 1991 341 The decline in world demand for oil in the 1980s and OPEC's policies caused a huge decline in oil revenues and further constrained the economy. The proclaimed aims of the revolution were listed as achieving economic development, sovereignty, and justice. Keywords: author; economy
• Towards an Interest-Free Islamic Economic System: By Waqar Mosood Khan The Islamic Foundation, U.K. and The International Association for Islamic Economics, Islamabad, 1985, 126 p. by Anwar, Muhammad (1986.0) - The readers can find a more comprehen- sive review of Islamic financial institutions in a paper by Ziauddin Ahmad on f i e Present State of Islamic Finance Movement. For example, the author writes on page 30 “Islamic economists have differed from the Hanafi school on the legal validity of productive Mudarabah,” which contradicts the state- ment given on page 32 “Islamic economists have accepted that version of the Mudarabah contract which has been approved and elaborated on by juristis 160 American J o d of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986 of the Hanafi school.” Keywords: author; interest; islamic; system
• The Shi‘i Islamic Martyrdom: Narratives of Imam al-Ḥusayn (by Muhammad-Reza Fakhr-Rohani) by Tahiiev, Akif (2023.0) - Describing these events, Fakhr-Rohani often referred to the statements of Imam Husayn, collected in the book of Muhammad Sadiq Najmi From Medina to Karbala in the words of Imam al-Husayn (Fakhr-Rohani was the author of the English translation of this book). Having introduced the reader to the basics of Shi‘ism and the signif- icance of Imam Husayn (as an infallible Imam, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, son of Imam Ali, and brother of Imam Hassan), the author proceeds to a detailed description of the movement of Imam Husayn, highlighting the Medina and Meccan phases, the path from Mecca to Karbala, the arrival to the place of Karbala and the events of the day of Ashura itself. Keywords: author; husayn; imam; maqtals

• Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law, Justice, and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition: By Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, and Christian Moe, eds. (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2013. 320 pages.) by Giunchi, Elisa Ada (2014.0) - Another issue that may have merited greater attention instead of just a brief mention in Al Sharmani’s essay is that of courtroom practice, as some Muslim judges have advanced in innovative ways a holistic approach to gender rights that blends human rights and Islam, thereby contributing to wider debates and doctrinal developments. Mohsen Kadivar reviews the rational and textual arguments for a “deserts-based justice,” which has led to unequal gender rights, and for egal- itarian justice, which he considers more in accord with “contemporary ration- ality” (p. 231) and with the spirit of the Qur’an. Keywords: equality; gender; new; rights
• Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics, 2nd Ed. by Ann Elizabeth Mayer. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995. by Moussalli, Ahmad (1997.0) - Prof. Mayer argues that some governments’ claims of different schemes for Islamic human rights create major contradictions to international human rights and justify the dis- crimination against women and religious minorities, as happened with the new Islamization programs of the Sudan, Pakistan, and Iran. Some Muslims accept the com- patibility of Islam with international human rights, some reject it as un-Islamic, yet others compromise Islamic human rights with international human rights. Keywords: belief; islamic; mayer; rights
• The Operation of the Modern Financial Markets for Stocks and Bonds and its Relevance to an Islamic Economy by Zaman, M. Raquibuz (1986.0) - Thus, in terms of security to an investor, the most attractive firm of investment is mortgage bonds, followed by debenture bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks. B. ZNVESTZNG IN SrOCZCS Stocks or share certificates can broadly be divided into two basic categories: prejerred stocks and common stocks. Keywords: bonds; economic; enterprise; investment; investors; islamic; issuer; market; option; price; rights; securities; stocks; time; warrants

• Editoral by Nyang, Sulayman S. (1987.0) - The concluding research note, The Shari‘ah and its Implications for Islamic Financial Analysis: An Opportunity to Study Interactions Among vi The American Journal of Islamic Social SciencedVol. 4, No. 1,1987 Society, Organizations, and Accounting, by Cyril Tompkins and Rifaat Ahmed Abdul Karim, explores the issue of financial accounting in the contexts of both Western and Islamic societies. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences/Vol. 4, No. 1 , 1987 V Editoral This issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences completes the Symposium on Political Governance, begun by Muhammad Salahuddin’s ijtihiid in the last issue. Keywords: article; islamic; issue; muhammad
• The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the world: By John Andrew Morrow (Tacoma, WA: Angelico Press and Sophia Perennis, 2013. 442 pages.) by Sellam, Amar (2015.0) - Part IV includes a set of appen- dices that cover “Witnesses to the Covenants,” “Possible Modes of Transmis- sion,” and a useful set of illustrations. Considerable space is allotted especially to western views, such as those emanating from such skeptical authors of the likes of Patricia Crone and Michael Cook (1977), Leon Arpee (1946), and others (pp. 31, 102- 03, respectively, inter alia). Keywords: christians; covenants; muhammad

• On the Visual Apartheid in Western Europe: Architectural Hegemony in the German Urban Landscape by Dorroll, Courtney M. (2012.0) - In German architecture, the physical markings of power regimes past and present are visible. I argue the visual is equally symbolic, ideological, and appropriated to hegemonic powers. Keywords: apartheid; architecture; berlin; city; dresden; germany; hegemonic; immigrant; landscape; minority; mosque; past; power; text; urban; visual
• Islam in the Balance: Ideational Threats in Arab Politics By Lawrence Rubin (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014. 189 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G.E. (2015.0) - By studying the role of religious or transnational ideology in the Mid- dle East in particular, the study aims to advance an understanding of “how, why, and when ideology affects threat perception and state policy” (p. vii) via two aspects, one related to ideational threat perception and the other to ideational balancing. The most important part comes toward the end, where Rubin attempts to explain how states counter ideational threats through idea- tional balancing (the logic and dynamics of the process). Keywords: power; threat

• The Benchmark Issue in the Islamic Financial System by Iqbal, Zamir (1999.0) - A profit maximizing firm will continue investing until the marginal productivity of capital becomes equal to the opportunity cost of capital; therefore, “cost of capital” in the Islamic system can be represented by the rate of return on altemate opportunities 48 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16:2 for investment of comparable risk.5 It has also been demonstrated that there is a rate of return in Islamic capital markets serving opportunity cost of cap- ital, and this rate of return is also closely related to the rate of retum in the red sector of the economy.6 In the Islamic financial system, determination of prospective profitabili- ty and the rate of return on investments of the same risk class plays a piv- otal role in determining the relative cost of capital. Current Practice Currently, Islamic financial markets are dominated by short-term trade financing instruments. Keywords: benchmark; capital; cost; islamic; market; rate; system
• Banking and Finance: Islamic Concept Edited by Mukhtar Zaman. Karachi: International Association of Islamic Banks, 1993, 204 pp. by Suliman, Osman (1994.0) - Seven essays deal with the experience of Islamic banking in Pakistan. They also discuss various problems, a common one being that most (if not all) Islamic countries ate developing countries and, therefore, the transition to Islamic banking is inseparable from the mdi- mentary nature of their present banking systems. Keywords: banking; islamic; system
• Islamic Law and Finance: By Chibli Mallat (ed.). London: Graham & Trotman, 1988, 196pp. by Darrat, Ali R. (1991.0) - Aside from the above major misconception, the volume contains an interesting collection of essays relating to the recent experience of many Muslim countries with Islamic banking and finance. The essays discuss a variety of legal and financial issues in Islam, though the book‘s main preoccupation is with Islamic banking. Keywords: banking; islamic; system
• Islamic Justice In A Monetary System: A Modest Proposal by Anwar, Muhammad (1987.0) - Timur Kuran, a harsh critic of Islamic economics, maintains, “it is not clear what Islamic justice requires,” and he is doubtful that =an Islamic society would be free of the economic injustices allegedly rampant in the modem world.” Maxime Rodinson, on the other hand, describes Islamic justice as adher- ing to the behavior appreciated in the Qur‘an and shunning the behavior con- demned by the Qufan. Keywords: banks; economic; interest; islamic; justice; monetary; system
• The Prohibition of Riba in Islam: An Evaluation of Some Objections by Chapra, M. Umer (2021.0) - The impact of interest rates on savings in developing countries has been found to be negligible in most studies.11 This distortion takes place irrespective of whether interest rates are high or low. Keywords: business; capital; economy; equity; funds; interest; interest rates; investment; islamic; profit; rates; resources; return; system; term
• Islamic Banking Regulations in Light of Basel II by Hassan, M. Kabir; Chowdhury, Muhammad Abdul Mannan (2010.0) - Like conventional banks, Islamic banks operate under different regulatory regimes. In light of the increased financial innovation and diversity of instruments offered in Islamic finance, the need to improve the transparency of bank operations is particularly relevant for Islamic banks. Keywords: adequacy; banking; banks; basel; capital; deposits; financial; institutions; investment; islamic; management; market; regulation; risk; shari`ah; system; transparency; trial; version
• ajiss-430 by None (None) - Having a ZAS may help to reduce the national differences in the prac- tice of zakat accounting. The main purpose of having a standard for zakat accounting practices is to narrow the areas of difference among those firms that pay zakat and those zakat author- ities who manage zakat as it relates to the methods of disclosure, computa- tion, and presentation of financial information in financial statements.25 78 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 Adopting a standardized method will improve the quantity and quality of the information found in published financial reports.26 AAOIFI FAS 9, MASB FRS i-1, and MASB TR i-1 Based on the preceding discussion, one might reasonably ask whether there is any existing standard now in place that might help us develop a ZAS. Keywords: abdul; accounting; business; companies; i-1; islamic; malaysia; masb; standard; system; wealth; zakat; zakat accounting; zas
• ajiss-452 by None (None) - This distinguishing feature is the result of STMB’s decision not to use takaful sales agents to sell and market its takaful prod- ucts. The internal governance structure of takaful companies includes an independent body, namely, the Shari`ah Advisory Council, which is responsible for ensuring that business operations conform to the relevant Shari`ah precepts. Keywords: agents; companies; company; customers; insurance; islamic; plans; respondents; stmb; system; takaful; tnsb

• Debating Arab Authoritarianism: Dynamics and Durability in Nondemocratic Regimes by Oliver Schlumberger, ed. (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. 345 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2009.0) - Spanning Morocco to Oman, via Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, the authoritarian mode of governance is surveyed through an assessment of the durability of regimes, the role of Islamist political parties, intra-regime dynamics, and the economic aspects of political reform. Albrecht, who focuses on the Muslim Brotherhood and the Kifaya Movement in Egypt, presents a strong and cogent study that demonstrates both the reality and the mirage of political opposition parties as street politics and Islamist groups vie against each other and the Egyptian government. Keywords: authoritarianism; egypt; middle; opposition; regimes
• The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development by Wadie Jwaideh (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2006. 419 pages.) by Ali, Othman (2008.0) - This pioneering study is still a standard work in Kurdish studies. In his foreword, the well-known Kurdologist Martin van Bruinessen writes that “many scholars have recognized its importance not only as a study of the earlier phases of Kurdish nationalism, but also as a framework for understanding later developments.” Keywords: jwaideh; kurdish; middle
• Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics, 4th ed. by Colbert C. Held (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2006. 646 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2006.0) - The contribution of Middle East Patterns to the study of the region is debatable, as that which affords it triumph also yields one of its few flaws. 646 pages. Widely regarded as the most comprehensive, authoritative, and geographi- cal study of the region, Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics has evolved dexterously into a fourth edition that embraces such diverse themes as archaeology and military capabilities, ethnolinguistic features and agricultural developments, and future implications for relations both within Book Reviews 113 and without the region. Keywords: east; middle; patterns; region
• Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and America's Perilous Path in the Middle East by Rashid Khalidi (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004. 240 pages.) by Abboud, Samer (2005.0) - Although written primarily for a non-academic, American audience, it is a useful and important text on contemporary Middle East history. The first chapter provides an account of western colonialism’s social, political, economic, and cultural legacy wrought on the Middle East. Keywords: east; khalidi; middle
• Islam in Indonesia: Modernism, Radicalism, and the Middle East Dimension by Giora Eliraz (Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2004. 142 pages.) by Ali, Muhamad (2005.0) - Unlike the Malay states, in which Islam and politics were less connected because the British did not attempt to restrict the Muslims’ pilgrimage and were not suspicious of the small number of Islamic modernists, Indonesia provides a different case, for Islamic modernism and politics were closely linked there. During the Dutch colonial era, Islamic modernism not only transcended ethnic boundaries but also served as the rallying point of anti-colonialism (or Islamic nationalism). Keywords: indonesia; islamic; middle; modernism
• Fifth Seminar on the Middle East by Brieger, Pedro (2005.0) - Given that even today we do not know who carried out these attacks and why, the topic of the Middle East has acquired a public dimension that it did not have before. Pedro Brieger Chairperson, Department of the Middle East Institute of International Relations, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina (trans. by Jay Willoughby [AJISS] and Roberto Marín-Guzmán Keywords: argentina; east; islamic; middle
• Auto/Biography and the Construction of Identity and Community in the Middle East: By Mary Ann Fay, ed. (New York: Palgrave, 2001. 226 pages.) by Christina, Rachel (2002.0) - The various authors assert that such a use of biography is consistent with traditional Arab and Islamic forms of representation - a claim that re­ centers the Middle East within the social sciences as a key site of know I- Book Reviews 1 11 vidual pieces are diverse yet grounded in a solid theoretical framework that makes the overall argument for the inclusion of greater biographical study in works on the region compelling. This collection of reflective essays and research articles argues for the greater use of auto/biographies, both as data sources and as representation­ al texts, in examining individual and communal identity negotiations in the Middle East. Keywords: middle
• Challenges to Democracy in the Middle East: By William Harris, Amatzia Baram, Ahmad Ashraf, Heath Lowry, and Yesim Aral. (Princeton, NJ: Markus Weiner Publishers, 1997. 132 pages.) by Bokhari, Kamran Asghar (2002.0) - Many scholars have attempted to tackle the question of why democracy has seemingly failed to take root in the Islamic milieu, in general, and the pre ­ dominantly Arab Middle East, in particular, while the rest of the world has witnessed the fall ofpax-authoritaria especially in the wake of the demer cratic revolution triggered by the failure of communism. The first composition in this omnibus is The Crisis of Democracy in Twentieth Century Syria and Lebanon, authored by Bill Harris, senior lee- 128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:1 Ashraf, and Arat place emphasis on cultural factors. Keywords: islamic; middle
• Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East: By Suad Joseph, ed. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000. 400 pages.) by Babana-Hampton, Safoi (2001.0) - Using a cross- cultural comparative approach, the theoretical introduction as well as the individual case studies seek to challenge dominant (especially western) feminist models of analysis of the question of gender and citizenship in the Middle East. By arguing that the Arab-based constructions of identity reinforce patriarchal structures of domination, the author of the case study on Sudan describes the new model of Sudanese citizenship that emerged during the recent dramatic changes in the Sudanese political scene: a model that is free of gender hierarchical structures, and finds its main inspiration and endorsement in the Islamic shari’ah. Keywords: citizenship; east; middle; volume
• Rethinking Middle East Politics: By Simon Bromley. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1994, 203 + viii pp. by Priess, David (1995.0) - Despite these relatively mild shortcomings, Rethinking Middle East Politics as a whole provides a compelling and often provoca­ tive description of the Janus-faced nature of Middle East state formation and political development. Simon Bromley's most recent book, Rethinking Middle East Politics, is an ambitious work that is more successful than most earlier endeavors at meeting this dual challenge. Keywords: bromley; east; middle
• Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East: By Emmanuel Sivan and Menachem Friedman (eds.). Albany: State University of New York, 1990, 244 pp. by Ghadban, Najib (1991.0) - When he talks about the impact of Sunni groups on the Middle East’s political and social processes, the term “Sunni extremists” is expanded to cover movements in Egypt, Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Pakistan, Morocco, Algeria, and the Arab Gulf state^.^ Although its importance is exaggerated, the four chapters on Islamic radicalism do offer a rigorous analysis of the divisions between radical Shi'i and Sunni groups, how they independently developed similar assessments of the situation, and why the ecumenistic efforts failed to bring unity or even closeness (taqrib) between the two sects. Keywords: groups; islamic; middle; sunni; tradition
• Islam and the of a Middle East: The Aesthetics Political Discourse By Mona Abul-Fadl. Herndon, V4: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1990, 61pp. by Mahmood, Sohail (1991.0) - Unlike earlier interventions in the Muslim world, the impact of Western colonialism was intense, and it extended to the actual spiritual and structural underpinnings of Islamic society. The legacy of the colonial experience was that Islamic society descended into a state of anomie which was the out- come as much as the root of an emerging “confused and amorphous” society. Keywords: abul; east; islamic; middle

• Capitalism and Class in the Gulf Arab States : By Adam Hanieh (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 266 pages.) by Ahmad, Junaid S. (2013.0) - Thus the “develop- ment of class and state throughout the Middle East is deeply wrapped up in the formation of Khaliji capital” and should be understood from a regional perspective (p. 164). The author’s estimation of the 2008 financial crisis and his constant emphasis on the “in- terdependent” nature of global capital (with special reference to the GCC) compels the reader to understand capitalism as an enterprise that cannot sus- tain itself within the boundaries of the nation-state. Keywords: capital; class; states
• Suicide of a Superpower: By Patrick J. Buchanan (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011. 488 pages.) by Sabet, Amr (2013.0) - The explanation he offers for this is framed within the context of the United States losing its Christian character, implying that non-Christians do not belong there; the breakdown of society’s moral, cultural, and social fabric, read as opposition to multiculturalism as well as to liberal values and policies; and the dying of the people who created this nation, which is now being over- whelmed by a rapidly increasing flow of immigrants and members of other races and ethnicities. As far as the United States is concerned, this means the whites who must be and have both. Keywords: buchanan; states; united
• Iran’s Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World by Suzanne Maloney (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2008. 156 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2010.0) - Iran’s Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World Suzanne Maloney Washington, DC: Keywords: iran; policy; states
• Challenges Facing the New President in the Greater Middle East by Zohdy, Nada (2009.0) - Similarly, Fair promoted greater engagement with Afghans in order to improve American-Afghan relations and identified the Afghan Parliament as a critical actor that the United States has neglected. Abdo reviewed the question of American engagement with proponents of political Islam and stressed that widespread ignorance on this topic is found among laypeople and policymak- ers alike. Keywords: american; states; united
• Pakistan and West Asia: By Imtiaz H. Bokhari, Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad by Bokhari, Imtiaz H. (1986.0) - The credit for vastly improved relations between these two countries largely goes to Pakistan patient and mature diplomacy. Less than 200 miles, (almost the same distance as the Gulf proper at its widest), separate Pakistan from the Arabian Peninsula. Keywords: asia; iran; pakistan; relations; saudi; security; southwest; states

• Controversies in Formative Shiʿi Islam: The ghulat Muslims and their Beliefs by Mushegh Asatryan (London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. 206 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad (2017.0) - The primary distinction in the final chap- ters between the true rejectors and the true believers, as well as between the light that is unappreciated and the darkness, remained a binarism that did not disappear from Imami texts. The themes found in the textual cycle can be seen in existing Imami texts: the cosmogony of the archetypal friends of God and their enemies, the manifestation of the light of God and the shadows, the seven Adams and a nod to cyclical his- tory, and the spiritual entities and the lights of the throne. Keywords: imami; shiʿi; tradition

• Завоеванные народы раннего ислама: неарабы, рабы и сыновья матерей-рабынь (Элизабет Урбан) by Анчасси, Омар (2024.0) - Урбан также легко допускает, что в Если ответ заключается в том, что они различными способами поддерживали патриархат, что они, несомненно, делали, то не обвиняются ли они в действительно- сти в том, что не разделяли взглядов автора?[15] Keywords: абд; абӯ; более; для; его; если; издательство; или; ислама; как; которые; либо; например; она; своему; также; том; университета; урбан; что; это; является
• Заполнение пробелов: понимание архитектуры в исторических и современных исламских сообществах by Габер, Тэмми (2024.0) - В архитектуре этот термин допускает двойное кодирование и смешивание в изобретенных формах, которое не является лоскутным шитьем и которое можно читать одновременно по- разному, как в трех проектах в этой книге. од- ном месте и в одно время. Keywords: автор; архитектуры; блум; были; было; века; включая; влияние; время; главе; дизайна; для; его; журнал; зданий; ислама; ифрикийи; как; которые; марокко; между; мечетей; мечети; общества; она; они; описывает; отмечает; период; после; при; проектов; северной; станек; строительства; также; того; том; трех; утверждает; что; эссе; этих; этой; этом; этот
• Защищая Мухаммада в период модерна (Шерали Тарин) by Ахмад, Джунайд (2024.0) - В своей книге «Такрир- и-итирразатбар Таквийат ал-Ислам» он утверждал, что в соот- ветствии с аргументацией Исмаʻила, Бог мог солгать и нару- шить свое обещание о завершающем характере пророчества Действительно, ос- новной мотив заключается в том, что аналитические рамки, ос- нованные на определенных концепциях секулярного либера- лизма, часто являются бесполезными при чтении и восприятии РЕЦЕНЗИИ НА КНИГИ  165 этих дебатов в сфере «священного мусульманского», или рели- гии, как она понимается последователями. Keywords: барелви; более; деобанди; для; его; как; пророка; что; эти
• Сат̣ват ан-нас̣с̣: х̮ит̣а̄б ал-Азхар ва азмат ал-х̣укм (Басма Абдел Азиз) by Амаша, Мухаммад (2024.0) - Единственным возможным исключением, предполагает автор, может быть выступление ат- Таййеба в день переворота, к которому его заставили присо- единиться. Я считаю, что литература об улемах и арабских восстаниях нуждается в си- стематической документации, которая может предоставить ис- следователям богатые данные о том, «что на самом деле про- изошло» в отношении политики улемов, – миссия, успешно выполненная с помощью этой книги. Keywords: автор; азхара; его; интервью; как; книги; переворота; улемов; что
• Сила образования (Джереми Хензелл-Томас) by Пател, Мадиха (2024.0) - Он утверждает, что Коран и пророк Мухаммад подтверждают, что социальные и глобальные преобразования зависят от преобразования лич- ности. Джереми Хензелл-Томас является науч- ным сотрудником Центра исламских исследований при Кембриджском университете и помощником редактора журна- ла «Critical Muslim», имея за спиной многолетний опыт в обла- сти образования и педагогики в различных социокультурных 171 172  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:1–2 контекстах. Keywords: как; образование; общества; раздел; хензелл; что; является
• Мирные семьи: усилия американских мусульман в борьбе с домашним насилием (Джулиан Хаммер) by Хоув, Джастин (2024.0) - Основываясь на масштабных наблюдениях с привлечением участников, интервью с активистами и анализе средств массовой информации и другой литературы, Хаммер исследует многосто- ронние усилия активистов по борьбе с домашним насилием (ДН) для искоренения домашнего насилия в мусульманских общинах и для оказания помощи и поддержки потерпевшим. «Мир- ные семьи: усилия американских мусульман в борьбе с домаш- ним насилием» Keywords: борцы; для; как; которые; мусульманских; семьи; хаммер; что
• Мусульмане Китая и Японская империя: ислам в контексте Второй мировой войны (Келли А. Хаммонд) by Ма, Хайюн (2024.0) - армия, флот и Министерство ино- странных дел Японии разработали согласованную националь- ную политику в отношении «ислама», сформулировав всеобъ- емлющую стратегию в отношении ислама и мусульман в Китае, Центральной Азии и на Ближнем Востоке. В этой связи книга Хаммонд исследует роль мусульман Китая в конфигурации Второй мировой войны, состоящей из Китая, Японии, стран Оси и союзных держав. Keywords: азии; войны; для; или; ислама; как; китайских; китая; мусульман; отношении; сино; хаммонд; хуэй; японии; японской
• Медресе и становление мусульманской женщины (Хем Боркер) by Лахмар, Фелла (2024.0) - Работа Боркер способствует этому научному пониманию, охватывая аспекты сложной образовательной роли, которую обучение в медресе играет в жизни и карьере девочек- мусульманок в Индии. Кни- га разделена на введение, семь основных глав, подробно описывающих обучение девочек в медресе (их пути, переход- ные этапы, стремления), и заключительную главу, в которой переплетаются различные темы и предлагаются методические размышления. Keywords: благочестия; более; девочек; для; женщин; как; книги; медресе; образования; также; что; чтобы
• Исламская революция в Индонезии (Кевин Фогг) by Алджунайд, Хайрудин (2024.0) - Ценный источник, который вскоре станет основой мно- гих курсов по исламу в современном мире; ученые, пишущие об антиколониальных революциях и революциях в целом, вполне могут счесть эту книгу полезной в качестве основы для сравнения при исследовании использования Тем не менее эта глава важна тем, что в ней Дарул Ислам изображается не как уникальный эпизод в индонезийской ис- тории, а как часть более широкой истории исламской военизи- рованной реакции на колониализм и его предполагаемые во- площения. Keywords: были; для; или; индонезии; как; революции; среди; что
• Ислам и Азия: история (Кьяра Формичи) by Морган, Дэниэл Джакобиус (2024.0) - Эта книга послужит полезным учебником для вводных курсов по исламу или азиатской религии в колледже, и в целом Вторая половина главы включает в себя серию тематических исследований выдающихся исламских реформаторов XVII и XVIII вв. Keywords: xix; азии; главе; для; или; ислама; как; книги; которые; она; также; формичи; что
• От редакции by Анджум, Овамир (2024.0) - Однако подобное рассуждение будет считаться простым мошенничеством или воровством в соответствии со старым исламским правом. Но, чтобы было ясно, запрет на получение наследства мусульманином от немусуль- манина не уничтожает имущества, а просто переупорядочивает его; и легко представить случаи, когда именно запрет благо- приятствовал обращению в ислам (например, если умерший родственник был мусульманином). Keywords: американский; или; как; камали; мак̣а̄с̣ид; что
• История и юриспруденция мак̣а̄с̣ид: критическая оценка by К АМАЛИ, МОХАММАД ХАШИМ (2024.0) - В качестве пояснения можно сказать, что в Буквалисты склонны были рассматри- вать шарӣ‘а как набор заповедей и запретов, которые компе- тентные лица (мукаллафӣн) должны соблюдать в духе подчи- нения, не вникая в их намерения и цели. Keywords: более; были; быть; вопросы; все; всех; даже; для; его; если; жизнь; журнал; ибн; иджтиха̄д; или; ислама; история; как; камали; касается; когда; коран; которые; людей; мак̣а̄с̣ид; мак̣а̄с̣ид ал; мак̣ас̣̄ид; могут; может; можно; мохаммад; например; них; образом; общества; однако; они; отношении; поскольку; следует; также; таким; текста; тем; того; только; том; ус̣ӯл; ус̣ӯл ал; фик̣х; хашим; целей; целом; цель; что; чтобы; шарӣ‘а; шатиби; это; юриспруденция; является
• Коранические истории: Бог, Откровение и аудитория by ЛОУРЕНС, БРЮС Б. (2024.0) - Как и в случае с идеальной религиозной субъективностью, Шейх утверждает, что для ал-Мух̣а̄сибӣ внутреннее состояние человека имеет решающее значение для идеальной моральной субъективности (63). В этом процессе, кото- рый Адо называет «духовным упражнением», читатель вступает в диалогические отношения с текстом, основанные на его восприятии мира, в герменевтические отношения, в высшей степени рефлексивные, личные и основанные на практике, и, таким образом, предполагающие пристальное изучение и, если необходимо, пересмотр наиболее глубоко укоренившихся убеж- дений (18). Keywords: для; идеальной; или; как; которые; мух̣а̄сибӣ; нурси; образом; религиозной; субъективности; человека; что; шейх
• Исламская теология в Турецкой Республике: ФИЛИП ДОРРОЛЛ (Philip Dorroll) by ТАШТАН, ОСМАН (2024.0) - Как и в других сурах, начинающихся с этих разрозненных букв, они появляются в начале, чтобы подчеркнуть авторитетное послание, которое за ними следует, так что первые три стиха Сурат Йӯсуф читаются (в переводе Абдел Халима 2010 года, который она предпочитает на всем протяжении книги): 12: 1 Алиф Лам Ра. Точно так же во второй главе «Бог, семьи и секреты в истории из Сурат Марйам 19: 1–58» мы обнаружи- ваем, что структура этой истории еще раз усиливает привиле- гированное и всеведущее положение Бога настолько, что Бог как повествователь также становится частью истории, которую Он Сам раскрывает. Keywords: алхассен; бог; или; истории; как; корана; она; сурат; что
• Суфизм в Османском Египте: распространение, обновление и авторитет в XVII и XVIII веках: РАШИДА ЧИХ (Rachida Chih) by МУРАТ, ТАЛХА (2024.0) - В целом эта книга умело раскрывает стратегическую взаимосвязь религии и государства, а также влиятельную роль государства в определении бого- словских дискурсов и представлений в рамках ханафитско- матуридитской линии исламского богословия в турецком официальном публичном пространстве как в османскую эпоху, так и в республиканской Турции. Примечательно, что в книге не упоминаются алавиты или алавизм, который остается большой проблемой серьезной теополитической напряженности как в теоретическом, так и в практическом религиозном, социальном и политическом общественном контекстах Турции. Keywords: богословия; главе; государства; дорролл; как; образом; османской; что
• Христианская монашеская жизнь во времена раннего ислама: БР ЭДЛИ Б О УМЕН (Bradley Bowman) by МЮГЛЕР, ДЖОШУА (2024.0) - С этой целью автор внимательно изучает различные жанры и практики, связанные с «путем Мухаммада», такие нарративы как тас̣лийа (призывание Божьего благословения Пророку Му- х̣аммаду), мавлид (празднование рождения Пророка Мух̣ам- мада) и ми‘радж (небесное вознесение Пророка Мух̣аммада). 166  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:3–4 Суфизм в Османском Египте: распространение, обновление и авторитет в XVII и XVIII веках ___________________________________ Нью-йорк: Рутледж, 2019. Keywords: xviii; автор; для; как
• Продолжение традиции: социальная и интеллектуальная история передачи хадисов на протяжении тысячи лет: ГАРРЕТТ А . ДЭВИДСОН (Garrett A. Davidson) by ЛУКАС, СКОТТ (2024.0) - Однако он также отмечает, что налоговый режим Халифата мог являться экономическим бременем для монастырей, и что особенно пострадали халкидонские монастыри, поскольку они были отрезаны от своих имперских источников финансиро- вания и поддержки. Иногда организация книги несколько неясна, что приводит к повторениям, таким как повторяющееся обсуждение Салма̄на ал-Фа̄рисӣ, время от времени в транслитерации встречаются незначительные несоответствия. Keywords: боумен; были; ислама; как; монахов; мусульмане; что
• Тебе в лицо: закон, справедливость и носящие никаб женщины в Канаде: НАТАША БАХТ (Natasha Bakht) by БАЛЛОК, КЭТРИН (2024.0) - Эта книга необходима для прочтения всем, кто изучает суннитские науки в постканонический период хадисов, особенно в доосманский период. Она также указывает на проблемы, с которыми исследователи столкнутся при изучении передачи хадисов в османский период, когда сведения о прослушивании становятся очень редкими, хотя это может быть компенси- ровано большим количеством рукописей, сохранившихся с того периода. Keywords: для; дэвидсон; иджаз̄ы; или; как; книги; передачи; период; прослушивании; также; традиции; ученые; хадисов; цепочки; что
• Мусульманские резолюции: реакция боснийцев на зверства Второй мировой войны в Боснии и Герцеговине: ХИКМЕТКАРЧИЧ, Ф ЕРИД ДАУ ТОВИЧ, ЭРМИН СИНАНОВИЧ, РЕДАК ТОРЫ (Hikmet Karčić, Ferid Dautović, and Ermin Sinanović, eds.) by ДРУРИ, АБДУЛЛАХ (2024.0) - Бахт говорит: «Несмотря на то, что в Канаде было много споров по поводу никаба, в моих интервью с носящими никаб женщинами я была поражена тем, насколько наполненными и счастливыми казались многие из них» (146). когда закон отказывается от логики и допускает последствия, которые в любом другом контексте считались бы возмутительными, утверждение Шерин Разак о том, что запрет на ноше- ние никаба является призывом к женщинам-мусуль- манкам уступить сексуальному и расовому пре- восходству, звучит правдоподобно. Keywords: бахт; женщин; как; которые; никаб; носящих; она; они; что; чтобы
• Ислам и психология: исследовательские подходы, теоретическое и практическое значение by НАЙМАН, СИБЕЛЬ (2024.0) - Семинар на тему «Мусульмане в психотерапии, психи- атрии и консультировании: подход с учетом культурных особен- ностей» под руководством профессора д-ра Ахмеда А. Карима (нейропсихолог, психотерапевт, Тюбинген, Германия) начался с изучения проблем, с которыми сталкиваются специалисты в области психического здоровья в работе с пациентами-мусуль- манами: например, недоверие к психотропным препаратам, стигматизация, стыд, приписывание психических заболеваний джиннам и магии. Применяя методы исламского богословия, Чизари достаточно дифференцировал явления, подлежащие исследованию, относительно их вида бытия, которое – за исключением бытия Бога – подразделяется на субстанции (джава̄хир) и акциденции (а‘ра̄д) и их взаимодействия друг с другом. Keywords: для; ислама; исламских; исламской; как; между; подходов; психологии; психотерапию; также; что
• ajiss-3799 by None (None) - Наблюдение Хамде о важности восприятия на слух для передачи хадисов в целом верно, но стоит отметить, что в более поздние времена (и уж точно к тому времени, когда РЕЦЕНЗИИ-ЭССЕ 163 традиционализм достиг своей «зрелой, институционализиро- ванной формы», 22), при почти повсеместном распространении содержимого сборников хадисов, требования к восприятию на слух были значительно смягчены. Хамде указы- вает на слабость мнения Албаqнӣ относительно самодоказа- тельности Писания, а именно, что Ибн Х̣азм (например) сделал такое же заявление, что и Албаqнӣ, однако мы обнаруживаем, что Ибн Х̣азм и Албаqнӣ расходятся во взглядах на некоторые вопросы. Keywords: албаqнӣ; аль; более; были; главе; даже; двух; для; его; ибн; или; ислама; как; которые; может; они; отмечает; пуристы; салафиты; также; тем; того; том; традиционалистов; ученых; хадисов; хамде; хотя; что; это
• ajiss-3800 by None (None) - В конце концов, став полноцен- ным реформатором, Афа Аджура прекратил участвовать в этой практике и начал выступать против нее как в своих пропове- дях, так и в стихах. В поэме повествуется о некоторых важных моментах, связанных с этим событием, и ключевых высоко- поставленных лицах, которые в них участвовали, а также упо- минается несколько нигерийских этнических групп и городов (81-82). Keywords: аджура; афа; афа аджура; афы; были; было; время; все; дагомба; для; его; ибрахим; ислама; как; которые; мухаммада; переводчик; поэме; практики; пророка; против; стихотворение; также; тамале; тиджаqнӣйи; только; что; чтобы
• ajiss-3801 by None (None) - Хотя Линч опирается на существующие исследования истории рукописей этого сочинения, он также восполняет значительные пробелы, в первую очередь привлекая внимание к самой, вероятно, ран- ней из дошедших Кроме того, Линч отмечает, что целевые установки Балаqзурӣ пропагандируют образ «единого и авторитетного исламского государства прошлого», последовательно исключая сообщения, в которых халифы предстают в негативном свете (15). Keywords: аль; балаqзурӣ; его; исламской; историографии; как; линч; футӯх̣; что
• ajiss-3803 by None (None) - Не сосредотачиваясь на концептуальной про- блематике, и не ограничиваясь предшествующими теоретичес- кими попытками, она, тем не менее, представляет интересные ответы на эти изначальные вопросы, как в концептуальной, так и в эмпирической форме. Первое: несмотря на постоянную напряжен- ность и споры при концептуализации понятия «поколение» (как и при концептуализации любых других социальных классификаций), как показывает настоящая книга, было бы правомерно предположить, что существует хотя бы некоторая субъективно воспринимаемая и логическая общность, запе- чатленная в описаниях и рассуждениях, исходящих от людей как внутри, так и за пределами предполагаемого поколения, то есть когда о нем говорится как о группе. Keywords: более; или; ислама; как; культуры; опыта; процесс; репрезентация; также; хип; хоп; что
• ajiss-3804 by None (None) - Рост интереса и исследований в области исламской психологии привел к созданию в 2017 году Международной ассоциации исламской психологии (МАИП). Этот поворот лучше всего отражен в книге Бадри «Раз- мышление: исламское духовно-психологическое исследова- ние», впервые опубликованной в 2000 году и впоследствии переведенной на многие языки13. Keywords: badri; islamic; journal; malik; psychology; vol; абдаллах; алиша; аль; ахмед; бадри; балхи; был; вклад; влияние; время; году; детей; для; его; жизни; журнал; знания; идеи; издательство; ислама; исламских; исламской; исламской психологии; как; книга; которые; малика; мусульманских; наук; области; общества; профессор; психологии; рания; ротман; своей; статья; также; том; что; этой
• ajiss-3877 by None (None) - Затем я проанализирую некоторые из ее аргументов с точки зрения методологии и сделаю вывод о том, почему данная книга является хорошим образцом научно- го подхода в изучении улемов. Однако в книге не приводится мето- дологического обсуждения того, как собирались и анализиро- вались данные, что является характерной чертой для многих работ в области исламских исследований, по крайней мере, в известной мне литературе по улемам. Keywords: аль; бен; для; его; как; карадави; оаэ; улемов; что
• ajiss-3878 by None (None) - F A I R C H I L D R U G G L E S ) Почти любой обзор средневековой исламской истории включа- ет фигуру Шаджар ад-Дурр (в переводе с арабского «Жемчуж- ное дерево»), которая была одной из немногих женщин в ис- ламской истории, носивших титул султана, и единственной, кто начинал свою жизнь как рабыня. Однако работы, анализирующие биографию, правление и влияние Шаджар ад-Дурр, часто упускают из виду ее роль как новатора в области архитектуры. Keywords: главе; дурр; как; медресе; она; рагглз; также; что; шаджар
• ajiss-3879 by None (None) - Башир объясняет, что в процессе опреде- ления смысла конкретного отрывка Сайид Хан сначала обра- щался к исламской традиции и тонкостям языка. Хо- тя Башир настаивает на том, что в Южной Азии никогда не было разрыва с исламской традицией, он не принимает во внимание, что модернисты не обязательно характеризуются отказом от тра- диции. Keywords: башир; его; как; корана; они; сайид; том; традиции; что

• Создание идеальных мусульманских субъектов: дискурсивные практики, формирование субъекта и мусульманская этика: ФАРАЗ МАС УД ШЕЙХ (Faraz Masood Sheikh) by ХЬЮСТОН, СЭМ (2024.0) - Это государственное образование включало в себя всю современную Боснию и Герцеговину с почти одним миллионом коренных мусульман. Центр исследований ислама в современном мире, 2021. Keywords: более; боснии; или; книга; резолюции; что
• ajiss-3869 by None (None) - Будучи журналом, находящимся в постоянном обра- щении у читателей с момента своего основания в 1984 году, АЖИО в настоящее время представляет собой междисципли- нарное издание в открытом доступе, выходящее два раза в год, статьи для которого проходят двойное слепое рецензирование и посвящены глобальным проблемам. Например, в отличие от светского права, предписания по исламскому бракоразводно- му процессу требуют либо окончательного согласия мужа, либо присутствия судьи-мусульманина. Keywords: для; зеленого; общества; халифата; что

• Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon By Rola el-Husseini (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2012. 319 pages.) by Abboud, Samer (2014.0) - This is not to suggest that the research needs to yield comparative insights about elite politics, but rather that describing the trajectory of elites and political parties does not yield the most substantive an- alytical insights about elite recruitment and circulation that it could. As such, the inquiry has to ask how the period of Syrian control – Pax Syriana – cre- ated new possibilities and limitations for elite politics in Lebanon. Keywords: elite; lebanon; politics
• International Politics of the Persian Gulf: By Mehran Kamrava (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2011. 374 pages.) by Kayaoglu, Turan (2013.0) - Persian Gulf security has therefore been internationalized. The Persian Gulf region is home to the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (viz., Oman, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia), Iran, and Iraq. Keywords: gulf; politics; region; security

• Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East: By Donna Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early, eds. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2002, 2d ed 411 pages.) by Khandwala, Nazia (2003.0) - Overall, this new edition of Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East is an excellent addition to the literature on Middle East studies. Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East, now in its second edition, is a collection of songs, articles, poems, and letters, as well as manuscripts, related to life in the Muslim Middle East. Keywords: east
• The 203rd Third Meeting of the American Oriental Society: 25 -28 Shawwal 1413/ 18 - 21 April 1993 Chapel Bill, North Carolina by Akram, Muhammad (1993.0) - Richard M. Frank (Catholic University of America, Washington, DC) presented The Chron- ology of a1 Ghazdi's Writings, and was followed by Rosalind Gwynne (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN), who suggested, in her The Neglected Sunnah Sunnat Allah that, when pondering the possible al- teration of early textual referetlces to sunnah, if the original reference might have been to the sun& of God instead of to that of the Prophet or the community. The final session f e a t d Muhammad Akram (Villanova University, Villanova PA), who spoke on the attitude of American orientalists on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Keywords: east; islamic; new; session; university
• Jerusalem Unbound: Geography, History, and the Future of the Holy City By Michael Dumper (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. 339 pages.) by Gada, Muhammad Yaseen (2015.0) - The in- volvement of the United Nations, the United States, the European Union, and the Arab and Islamic states and foundations has further affected Tel Aviv’s role and illegal occupation of Jerusalem; however, this external in- volvement has provided an alternative source of funding and other independ- ent organizations for East Jerusalem, which has still not recovered from the Israeli occupation. The author concedes that external intervention cannot compel Israel to abandon its hegemony over the East Jerusalem; how- ever, he does remark that it raises the important question of who “owns” East Jerusalem and thus leaves negotiations over the city’s future open. Keywords: city; dumper; east; jerusalem

• Bourdieu and Historical Analysis: By Philip S. Gorski, ed. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013. 422 pages.) by Delgado, Jibreel (2014.0) - I seek to an- swer this call, in part, by demonstrating the relevance of Pierre Bourdieu’s (d. 2002) theory to the study of Islam, Muslims, and Islamic movements. Christophe Charle’s “Comparative and Transnational History and the So- ciology of Pierre Bourdieu: Historical Theory and Practice” discusses this so- ciologist’s influence on French historiography. Keywords: analysis; bourdieu; fields; islamic; study; theory
• Naẓarīyat al-Mukhāṭarah fī al-Iqtiṣād al-Islāmī: Dirāsah Ta’ṣīlīyah Taṭbīqīyah (Risk Theory in Islamic Economics) By Adnan Abdullah Muhammad ‘Uwaidah (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010, pbk. 351 pages.) by Cebeci, Ismail (2012.0) - Risk is the main difference of a typical commercial transaction from ribā, which does not include return risk in theory. “Risk” is one of the key concepts in understanding modern Islamic eco- nomics. Keywords: islamic; risk; theory

• Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts: Essays in Honor of Professor Patricia Crone By Behnam Sadeghi, Asad Q. Ahmed, Adam Silverstein, and Robert Hoyland, eds. (Leiden: Brill, 2015. 631 pages.) by Stefanidis, Emmanuelle (2016.0) - C. Melchert suggests, against Crone, the centrality of Kufa and Basra in early Islamic legal controversies, as reflected in Ibn Abi Shayba’s Muṣannaf. Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts: Essays in Honor of Professor Patricia Crone Behnam Sadeghi, Asad Q. Ahmed, Adam Silverstein, and Robert Hoyland, eds. Keywords: cambridge; christian; crone; field; islamic

• Family and Households in History by Elrab, Sherry Gad (2004.0) - The seminar also considered different family patterns in other parts of world. Dr. Nelly Hanna, chair of the Arab Studies department, welcomed the partici- pants and audience and explained that the sessions would cover the institu- tion of family from various perspectives and present its different roles and patterns throughout history. Keywords: century; family; paper; university
• Middle Eastern and Islamic Influence on Western Art & Liturgy: Cultural Exchanges in Late Antiquity & the Middle Ages by Hughes, Andrew (2004.0) - Centre For Medieval Studies Middle Eastern and Islamic Influence on Western Art & Liturgy: Cultural Exchanges in Late Antiquity & the Middle Ages Central to the conference, held during March 5-6, 2004, at Trinity College, University of Toronto (Canada), was the desire of its organizer, Andrew Hughes, to find analogies in other disciplines to his speculation that the European plainsong (liturgical chant) of the Middle Ages was performed in Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 149 a manner similar to that of Middle Eastern music (“Continuous Music: Natural or Eastern? They contain passages reporting that Europeans found little strange in eastern music, suggesting that eastern and western music cannot have been as dissimilar as seems to be the case today (“Frankish Reports of Central Asian and Middle Eastern Musical Practice”). Keywords: century; influence; medieval; music
• Shi‘ism in South East Asia: ‘Alid Piety and Sectarian Constructions by Chiara Formichi and Michael Feener, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 397 pages.) by Bruckmayr, Philipp (2017.0) - Part 4 is devoted to the recent emergence of Shi‘i groups in Indonesia. Bianca Scarcia Amoretti’s article on Shi‘a de- votion to the Ahl al-Bayt inter alia shows how the religious policies of the Ilkhanids and the Safavids facilitated Sufism’s appropriation of Shi‘i elements and the internationalization of a brand of Shi‘ism intertwined with Iranian im- perial claims, respectively. Keywords: alid; asian; century; islamic; piety; shi‘ism; southeast
• From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Southeast Asia By A. C. S. Peacock & Annabel Teh Gallop, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 348 pages.) by Bruckmayr, Philipp (2016.0) - Subsequently Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells presents the local Hadhramis as both mediators of Ottoman influence in Southeast Asia and bidders for Ottoman patronage. Regional calls for Ottoman aid against the expanding European powers by Muslim rulers were voiced in the nineteenth century. Keywords: asia; century; islamic; malay; ottoman; southeast

• Religious Dimensions of Democratization Processes in Muslim-Majority Nations by Lizzio, Celene Ayat (2013.0) - The first panel, “The Arab Spring: A Revolution towards Democracy,” was chaired by Narges Erami (Yale University). Discussant Jonathan Wyrtzen (Yale University) probed the geographical, synchronic, episodic, and contingent dimensions of democracy and fleshed out how the trajectory of colonialism, decolonialism, post-colonialism, and imperialism has affected the ways westerners frame and understand the uprisings in the African and Arab regions. Keywords: democracy; new; panel; spring; university; yale
• Islam, Secularism, and Liberal Democracy: Toward a Democratic Theory for Muslim Societies By Nader Hashemi (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 280 pages.) by Parray, Tauseef Ahmad (2010.0) - Islam, Secularism, and Liberal Democracy analyzes the theoretical rela- tionship between religion and democracy, specifically Islam’s relationship with liberal democracy. Chapter 2, “Dueling Scriptures:The Political Theology of John Locke and the Democratization of Muslim Societies,” examines the relationship between religious reformation and liberal democracy via John Locke’s political theology. Keywords: democracy; relationship; secularism
• Islam, Democracy., and Freedom in North Africa: London School of Economics, London, U.K. Sha'ban 26,102/February 29,1992 by Kucukcan, Talip (1992.0) - While there may be some truth to this argument, the success of Islamic ideology lies in its emphasis on social justice and equality, the strengthening of morality, and the uplifting of Qur’anic teachings. nnisian modemism ended the freedom of expression and silenced those intellectuals whose ideological stand provides the young generation with a sense of Islamic ideology, as opposed to those corrupt ruling elites who exploit modernism to serve their own ends. Keywords: africa; democracy; islamic; north
• Islamic Awakening or Pro-Democracy Movement: How Tehran and Washington Framed the Egyptian Uprising by Esfandiary, Esmaeil (2013.0) - Not surprisingly, Iranians see the whole wave of Arab uprisings inspired by their own 1979 Islamic revolution. The recent wave of Arab uprisings, not to mention their success in toppling dictators in Egypt, Tunisia, and elsewhere, has reinforced such talk within Tehran’s official discourse. Keywords: american; democracy; egypt; frames; framing; islamic; khamenei; obama; remarks; washington
• National Advisory Council on South Asian Affairs by Willoughby, Jay (2005.0) - National Advisory Council on South Asian Affairs On May 19-20, 2005, at the Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C., the National Advisory Council on South Asian Affairs (NACSAA) held its first bi-annual seminar to discuss democracy in South Asia. Ambassador Teresita Schaefer (Center for Strategic and International Studies) talked about Washington’s promotion of democracy in South Asia, noting that it has been fairly selective and not really a priority. Keywords: democracy; pakistan; south
• ajiss-527 by None (None) - l show instead that sovereignty (absolute despotic power, popular or otherwise) is a sterile, pedantic, abstruse, formalistic, and legal­ istic concept, and that democracy should be seen as involving popular control rather than popular sovereignty. Abstract This article examines the idea that Islam's rejection of popular sovereignty makes it incompatible with democracy. Keywords: democracy

• New Horizons in Muslim Education: Published in 1985 by the Islamic Academy, Cambridge, and Hodder and Stoughton by Ahmed, Akbar S. (1986.0) - On the other hand indefatigable intellectual warriors -like Professor Ashraf-and Ismail al Faruqi and Khurshid Ahmad-have taken the first critical steps toward pointing the direction to Islamic knowledge, heeding Nasr in his Foreword: “The central task is an intellectual jihad.” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986 165 New Horizons in Muslim Education S. A. Ashraf The Concept of an Islamic University H. H. Bilgrami and S. A. Ashraf Islamic Sociology: An Introduction I. Ba-Yunus and E Ahmad Published in 1985 by the Islamic Academy, Cambridge, and Hodder and Stoughton The three small -average 100 pages -introductory books under review form a piece and are the first volley from the Islamic Academy at Cambridge. Keywords: ashraf; islamic; man; sociology

• The Comfort of the Mystics: A Manual and Anthology of Early Sufism By Gerhard Böwering and Bilal Orfali (Leiden: Brill, 2013. 34 (English) + 686 (Arabic) pages.) by Khalil, Atif (2014.0) - The present work is a critical edition of Abu Khalaf al-Tabari’s (d. 1077) With respect to his name not appearing in Sufi biographical works (p. 11), all this appears to suggest is that he had either not developed a reputation as a master of the science or that he may not have been publically affiliated with its recognized au- thorities. Keywords: tabari; work
• The Islamic Context of the Thousand and One Nights: By Muhsin J. al-Musawi (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. hbk. 352 pages) by Morrow, John Andrew (2011.0) - The Thousand and One Nights does not demonstrate the ideal of Islam: rather, it exposes the reality of Islamic society, featuring both the virtues and the vices of the Muslim masses. Despite all the morally deviant behavior displayed in the work, many of its tales are cautionary; they communi- cate ethical messages and promote the good and forbid the wrong through warnings grounded in Islamic law. Keywords: islamic; nights; work
• Applying the Canon in Islam: The Authorization and Maintenance of Interpretive Reasoning in Hanafi Scholarship by Brannon M. Wheeler. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996, 340 pp. by DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal (1998.0) - In other words, the author has sized up the edifice of Hanafi scholarship and - 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15:2 determined it to represent an epistemological method concerned in the main with “a certain conception of authority,” or interpretive privilege. That this debate shouJd be recalled at the outset of a review of a work dealing with Hanafi fiqh scholarship might seem slrangely out of place. Keywords: hanafi; scholarship; wheeler; work
• Islamic Perspectives on Social Work Practice by Al-Dabbagh, Afaf (1993.0) - The detrimental effects of secularized social sciences on social wel- fare programs and social work practice in Muslim countries were shown clearly. After fifty years of social work practice in these countries, how- ever, we find that this model has largely failed due to its exclusion of re- ligious values and spiritual aspects. Keywords: islamic; practice; work
• The Reparative Work of the Imagination: Yemen, 'Afiya, and the Politics of the Umma by Hauter, Ashwak (2024.0) - To combat this fear and elaborate on this paradox, Yousef and other Yemeni artists meditate on the conditions of community, trust, and individual and communal wellbeing. Other Yemeni interlocutors I met during my fieldwork stressed that they would not request medical service, help, or aid in Jordan or Saudi Arabia for fear of being rebuffed. Keywords: e pa; e r; h e; imagination; m e; r n; soul; t e; t h; umma; work; yemeni
• A Response to Shabbir A. Abbas’ Review of The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad: By John Andrew Morrow by Abbas, Shabbir A. (2017.0) - Abbas provides relevant biographical and bibliographical information about Sayyid Hasan Shirazi, the compiler of Kalimat Allāh from which I drew the Forty Hadith and presented in Arabic along with my English trans- lation. A Response to Shabbir A. Abbas’ Review of The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad John Andrew Morrow Shabbir A. Abbas, a graduate student from Rutgers University, completed a thorough and thoughtful review of my work, The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad: Forty Sacred Sayings, in the American Journal of Islamic So- cials Sciences 34, no. 2 (spring 2017): 102-04. Keywords: abbas; work
• A Brief Introduction to Quranic Exegesis: By Ali Sulayman Ali (Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2017. 178 pages.) by Vaid, Mobeen (2018.0) - Ali Suleiman Ali’s A Brief Introduction to Quranic Exegesis provides a lucid summary of the Quranic exegetical genre, beginning with the exegetical practices of the Prophet’s Companions and concluding with modern exe- getical trends. Drawing largely from classical Sunni literature, Ali’s work is confessional but nonetheless conversant with Orientalist examinations and critical treatments of the tradition. Keywords: ali; exegesis; tafsīr; work

• SMIIC Forum 2012 by Kayadibi, Saim (2013.0) - Metin Eker (general director, COMCEC Coordination Office) highlighted the necessity of cooperation among OIC member countries to eradicate trade barriers and dif- ficulties that hinder economic cooperation. The 160 delegates, who came from thirty-five coun- tries, represented the National Standardisation Bodies (NSB), important na- tional organizations of member countries, and such international organi- zations as the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), the In- ternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC), the Standardisation Organi- sation for the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GSO), the Turkish Standards Institution (TSE), the Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK), the Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), the Malaysian National Metrology Laboratory (SIRIM), the Inter- national Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC), the OIC General Secretariat, the Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Co- operation (COMCEC), the Statistical Economic and Social Research and Training Centre (SESRIC), and the Islamic Centre for the Development of Trade (ICDT). Keywords: countries; international; islamic; metrology; national; standards
• International Conference on Islamic Economics and Economies of the OIC Countries 2009 by Kassim, Salina H. (2009.0) - The sec- ond paper, “Towards an Islamic Common Market: Are OIC Countries Heading in the Right Direction?” by Ruzita Mohd Amin and Zarinah Hamid (International Islamic University Malaysia), investigated the existing trade potential among the OIC countries and the specific sectors in which tariff reductions can be undertaken in five out of the seventeen OIC countries that have agreed to participate in the Trade Preferential System. ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp International Conference on Islamic Economics and Economies of the OIC Countries 2009 Keywords: countries; economics; islamic; oic
• Growth, Inequality and Globalization: Theory, History, and Policy by Phillipe Aghion and Jeffery G. Williamson, Cambridge University Press, 1998,207 pp. by El Diwany, Tarek (1999.0) - Two ideas are generally handed down to the modem student of economics on the relationship between growth and wealth inequality. On the relative shift in demand for skilled labor over unskilled labor in devel- oped countries, and the resulting increase in wage inequality between those two groups, Aghlon examines three competing explanations. Keywords: countries; growth; inequality; wealth; williamson

• God’s Rule: Government and Islam by Patricia Crone (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 462 pages.) by Fletcher, Charles (2006.0) - However, it ends up being a valuable contri- bution to understanding the process of intellectual thought regarding political issues and questions, all within the context of the applications of government. Crone, perhaps better known for her more controversial works, such as Hagarism (Cambridge: 1977), God’s Caliph (Cambridge: 1986), and Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (Oxford: 1987), is no stranger to Islamic political theory, having written Slaves on Horses: The Book Reviews 107 108 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 Evolution of the Islamic Polity (Cambridge: 1980). Keywords: crone; government; islamic
• Enemy Aliens: Double Standards and Constitutional Freedoms in the War on Terrorism by David Cole (New York: The New Press, 2003. 316 pages.) by Ahmad, Imad A. (2004.0) - Cole is rightly concerned that any measure of safety yielded by double standards is more than offset by a loss of credibility (p. 207). Within weeks of 9/11, John Ashcroft had rounded up over 1,000 for- eigners (mainly Muslims and/or Arabs, not one of whom was charged with terrorism) for “preventative detention,” a program “shrouded in mystery,” (p. 25) despite the fact that “most of the judges who have reviewed the govern- ment’s secrecy policy have found it unlawful” (p. 30). Keywords: cole; government; terrorism

• Tremors: New Fiction by Iranian American Writers By Anita Amirrezvani and Persis Karim, eds. (Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 2013. 338 pages.) by Rezaeiyazdi, Hamid (2014.0) - Compared to similar collections in translation, this book provides unmediated access to the world of Iran, Iranians, Islamic Iran, and Iranian-Americans. In a number of stories, (e.g., Taha Ebrahimi’s “Family Trouble” or J. Kevin Shushtari’s “The Sweet Dry Fruit of the Lotus Tree”), in fact, the nar- rator’s family is well established and feels at home, sometimes with an Amer- ican parent, until ghosts or guests from Iran upset the peace. Keywords: american; iran; iranian; stories
• Negotiating with Iran: By John W. Limbert (Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace Press, 2009. 200 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2010.0) - After these case analyses, the author uses chapter 6 to present his “four- teen steps to success” in negotiating with Iran: avoid too much legalism while establishing objective criteria; be aware of Iran’s historical perceptions and grievances; be careful to choose credible intermediaries; talk to the peo- ple who can make and enforce decisions; be aware of the Islamic regime’s priority of survival; let Iranians define their own national interest; expect actions that may appear (to American counterparts) as self-destructive; give Iranians credit for intelligence; expect vague and uncertain claims as well as grandstanding and flamboyant gestures; remember that power is respected and weakness despised; understand that justice, even in the abstract, is very important to Iranians; remember that conspiracy theories thrive and in many cases are, in fact, true; and expect hands to be overplayed. In his preface to this book, Mark Bowden states that John Limbert is “the best American friend Iran had” (p. ix) and that the United States is “not a nineteenth-century-style imperial power bent on colonizing smaller nations.” Keywords: american; crisis; iran
• Iran’s Intellectual Revolution: By Mehran Kamrava (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 288 pages.) by Morrow, John Andrew (2009.0) - According Kamrava, Khomeini’s Islamic republic differs greatly from the one of Khamenei that, in turn, differs drastically from the version of Islamic government espoused by the likes of Mesbah Yazdi. Mesbah Yazdi even claims that Khomeini deceived the people regarding popular participation under Islamic rule. Keywords: iran; islamic; khomeini; right
• Representing the Unpresentable: Historical Images of National Reform from the Qajars to the Islamic Republic of Iran by Negar Mottahedeh (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008. 237 pages.) by Gheytanchi, Elham (2009.0) - The book’s detailed historical account of the emergence of the Bab and the critical lens through which the author analyzes the impact of Qurrat al-Ayn Tahirih’s fig- ure on the Iranian perceptions of the modern woman are bound to inspire any serious student of Iranian modernity. On page 130, Mottahedeh writes that “current scholarship dedicated to the study of Iranian modernity, of which Babism is a core component, must learn from its ‘object,’ so as not to re-erect the disciplinary and rhetorical ‘veils’ that have proven themselves ineffective over time.” Keywords: iran; islamic; modernity
• Between Foreigners and Shi`is: Nineteenth-Century Iran and Its Jewish Minority by Daniel Tsadik (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. 295 pages.) by Sarshar, Houman (2009.0) - Barring one socio-historical mistake (Tsadik incorrectly refers to a Jewish quarter in Hamadan [p. 155]), although Hamadan is one of the rare Iranian cities that never had a Jewish quarter [see: Houman Sarshar, “Ham- adan: Jewish Community,” Encyclopædia Iranica, 11:620]), Between For- eigners and Shi`is represents a comprehensive and impressively docu- mented history of Jewish Iranian life during the second half of nineteenth century. Book Reviews 119 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Daniel Tsadik’s book provides a history of the religious, political, and social life of Iranian Jews under Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848-96). Keywords: iran; jews; shah
• Religious Minorities in Iran: By Eliz Sansarian, Camhridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Middle East Series, n.d., 228 pp. by Ghana-Hercock, Nazila (2000.0) - It also gives an interesting analysis of the interaction of the political, legal and social contexts, and their impact on religious minorities. While the reader may not expect more detailed attention to the pre-1979 his- tory of religious minorities than what the author provides, the choice of focus- ing primarily on the period up to 1989 is a little frustrating, as it begs the ques- tion of what changes may have accrued to Iran’s religious minorities since that time. Keywords: iran; islamic; minorities; non; study
• Iran: Political Economy of an Islamic State by Amin, Tahir (1985.0) - As a result, most analysts of contemporary Iran, approaching the reality from the rigidly preconceived conceptual lenses, tend to grossly distort the actual picture. Iran: Political Economy of an Islamic State b Tahir Amin * Spring 1984 INTRODUCTION Political and economic developments in the post revolutionary Iran present a special dilemma to outside observers in general and to social scientists in particular as many developments do not seem to fit theusual political and economic categories with which the social scientists are normally familiar. Keywords: iran; islamic; new
• Driving Culture in Iran: Law and Society on the Roads of the Islamic Republic By Reza Banakar (London: I.B. Tauris, 2016. 304 pages.) by Saeidi, Shirin (2018.0) - Female taxi drivers also claimed that a lack of respect for others defines the culture of driving in Iran, but they do appear to be more considerate of pedestrians and other drivers than male taxi drivers. Chapter 10 maintains that the presence of female taxi drivers in the public sphere is creating the cultural change that is necessary for relational citizenry practices. Keywords: drivers; driving; iran; taxi
• The Lonely War: One Woman’s Account of the Struggle for Modern Iran By Nazila Fathi (New York: Basic Books, 2014. hbk. 297 pp.) by Elahi, Babak (2016.0) - Fathi’s work will also appeal to Iranians in the diaspora, others in- terested in the Shi‘ah polity’s internal problems, and those concerned with ques- tions of social class in addition to gender in the Islamic Republic. They argue that much of the conflict is economic, that religious questions are manifesta- tions of class conflict, and that class conflict is often couched in religious ide- ology and narrative. Keywords: class; fathi; iran; islamic

• Mortgage Financing for Muslim Americans by Ebrahim, Muhammed-Shahid (1993.0) - For individuals and closeIy held corporations, the act limited pas- Ebrahim and Hasan: Mortgage Financing I5 Section two provides a mathematical model for an equity participating mortgage, the solution of which shows that this mortgage expands the pool of real estate investors to include those with nontaxable income. If pension fund in- vestment decisions take taxes into account it becomes more diffi- cult to justify real estate investment by pension funds, regardless of fund size or plan type. Keywords: estate; interest; investment; investor; journal; mortgage; solution; tax; time
• ajiss-436 by None (None) - In other words, if Islam can be said to have a concept of money’s time value, it can be considered an ex-post one, for an ex-post return on capital in trade and business is the only source that rec- ognizes money’s pure time value. Given this notion, which is contrary to that of Khan and Kahf, he held the opinion that placing a value on time when dealing with murabahah transactions is not permissible, but that it is permissible when dealing with such asset-based transactions as ijarah rentals, where an asset’s use is relevant to its period.14 Money: An Islamic Viewpoint The Concept and Nature of Money There are many differences between the Islamic and the conventional finan- cial systems, the most striking of which relates to how they perceive money. Keywords: commodity; credit; goods; interest; islamic; loan; money; price; riba; sale; shari`ah; time; time value; value

• Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being by Sajjad H. Rizvi (London and New York: Routledge, 2009. hbk. 222 pages) by Ali, Aun Hasan (2011.0) - Rizvi’s deep knowledge of Islamic philosophy in general, and Shirazi in particular, puts him in the ideal position to offer plausible historical explanations for this synthesis. But this may have led Rizvi to downplay Shirazi’s essen- tial contribution to philosophy: synthesizing different ways of knowing. Keywords: philosophy; rizvi; shirazi
• Islamic Philosophy A-Z: By Peter S. Groff with Oliver Leaman (Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. 237 pages.) by Hartmann, Noga (2008.0) - This work includes diverse accounts of various central aspects and key figures of Islamic philosophy (Ibn Rushd, pp. Understanding Islamic philosophy, an indispensable formative link in the chain of medieval thought, is crucial to grasping the intertwined develop- ment of philosophical ideas both within and without the Islamic sphere dur- ing the period under discussion. Keywords: islamic; philosophy
• The World Congress on Mulla Sadra by Kalin, Ibrahim (1999.0) - Since Sadra's philosophical work is a bold attempt to synthesize the earlier schools of Islamic thought, namely mashshai philosophy, the school of ishruq, and the school of Ibn al-Arabi, these comparative studies provided a stimulating framework of discussion in which one can witness the continuity of Islamic philosophy. This will certainly be an important contribution to the study of both Mulla Sadra and Islamic philosophy as these volumes will, God willing, reach scholars throughout the world. Keywords: congress; islamic; mulla; philosophy; sadra
• Revelation and Political Philosophy: What Is Islamization of Knowledge? by Butterworth, Charles (1993.0) - This is a work in progress presentation based on mearch I am now conducting about the development of Islamic political philosophy during the classical period of Islam. Those who developed Islamic political philosophy spoke directly to this issue and did so in a manner that merits the attention of contemporary Muslim activists, schol- ars interested in Islam, and thoughtful human beings in general. Keywords: islamic; philosophy
• Islam and Good Governance A Political Philosophy of Ihsan (by M. A. Muqtedar Khan) by Ibrahim, Samira I. (2023.0) - After a detailed explanation of the concept of Ihsan, and providing an in depth and critical genealogy of Islamic political philosophy, Khan now proposes his model of Ihsan and good governance in Chapter 7. Also, at certain points this work of Khan reduces the flaws in Islamic political philosophy to the dominance of Shariah and the absence of Ihsan in the field of politics. Keywords: ihsan; khan; philosophy
• Averroës’ Takfīr of al-Ghazālı̄: Ta’wīl and Causal Kufr by Parvizian, Saja (2021.0) - 29 On moral treatment of kuffār, see Griffel (2001) and Hoover (2009) 30 Here, Averroës is explicitly referencing al-Ghazālī, as his full name is ‘Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī’. 31 In his spiritual autobiog- raphy, Deliverance from Error (al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl), al-Ghazālī describes how he defeated the philosophers, refuted misguided sects such as the Ta‘līmites, clarified Ash‘arite theology, and experienced the realities of Sufism. Keywords: averroës; e r; ghazālī; incoherence; interpretation; kufr; philosophy; r n; r r; scripture

• Promises of the Modern Scientific Search for Human Nature's Multifaceted Soul by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (1996.0) - Research Note Promises of the Modern Scientific Search for Human Nature's Multifaceted Soul Mahmoud Dhaouadi Since time immemorial, hwnan beings have sought to understand the essence of human nature. As modem knowledge and science are far from hav­ ing the last word in this domain, the perplexity of human nature continues to engage the attention of philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, and sci­ entists. Keywords: nature
• Architecture, Culture, Spirituality 7: Nature and the Ordinary by Gaber, Tammy (2016.0) - On the last morning, “Environment and Spirituality as Reflected in the Written Word,” Ben Jacks (Miami University, Oxford, OH) explored “Sacred and Real: Instrumental and Transcendent Writing about Architecture and the Built Environment”; Tom Barrie (North Carolina State University) spoke on “Modernism and the Domestic”; and Clive Knights (Portland State Uni- versity) presented “The Crisis of Expectations: Recovering the Figurative in Architecture.” ACS 7 closed with the annual membership meeting, during which plans for future symposia and the development of ACS discussed. In the following ses- sion, The Spirituality of Landscape viewed through the Lens of Art, Rebecca Krinke (University of Minnesota) presented “The Lightning Field”; Dennis Alan Winters (Tales of the Earth: Landscape Architects, Toronto) analyzed “Georgia O’Keefe and Spirituality of the Sexually Charged Landscape”; and Katherine Bambrick Ambroziak (University of Tennessee) discussed “Envi- ronments of the Found Object: Revealing Value through a Process of Seeking and Making.” Keywords: architecture; nature; sacred; spirituality; symposium; university

• Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam by Aisha Y. Musa (New York: Palgrave and Macmillan, 2008. 224 pages.) by Stewart, Devin J. (2010.0) - Part 1 discusses the early opposition to recording the hadith (chapter 1); examines al-Shafi`i’s arguments in his Risalah and Kitab Jima` al-`Ilm and Ibn Qutaybah’s in Ta’wil Mukhtalif al-Hadith (chapter 2); and studies Abu Ja`far al-Tahawi’s Mushkil al-Athar, Ibn Furak’s Bayan Mushkil al-Hadith, and al-Khatib al-Baghdadi’s Taqyid al-`Ilm (chapter 3). Part 2 focuses on two modern Qur’an-only thinkers: Rashad Khalifa (d. 1990), an Egyptian who emigrated to the United States and founded an Islamic community based in Tucson, and Kassim Ahmad, a Malaysian religious thinker and author of Hadith: A Re-evaluation (chapter 4), and treats more recent Internet debates and scrutinizes the Turkish thinker Edip Yüksel, http://Free-Minds.org, and Ahl al-Qur’an (www.ahl-alquran.com) (chapter 5). Keywords: authority; hadith; scripture
• The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi`ite Islam by Liyakat N. Takim (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006. 215 pages.) by Stewart, Devin J. (2008.0) - The Heirs of the Prophet begs the question of how the disciples’ author- ity is related to Shiite religious authority during the Lesser Occultation and afterward. This substantially revised version of a dissertation completed at the School of Oriental and African Studies in 1990 focuses on the disciples (rijal) of the Imams in the Twelver Shiite tradition, arguing that they developed, through the routinization of charisma, a distinct type of religious authority in the eighth and ninth centuries based on their special relationship with the Imams, but to some extent independent of them. Keywords: authority; disciples; imams
• Editorial by Abugideiri, Hibba (1996.0) - Breaking up Islamic political authority between the executive and the legislative-judicial branches, Sonn reveals how the legislative-judicial branch, that is, the branch that ensured that the entire government was functioning according to the laws of God, was dominant in classical Islamic political theory. Starting from the same premise of the God-Humanity-Universe inter- relationship as Waghid, Choudhury proposes a theoretical framework of Islamic political economy, for “Islamic political economy is one such area whose theory and pmctice must be subsumed within this same unique methodology of the unifying (tm@di) epistemology.” Keywords: authority; economy
• Shia Ismaili Leadership: Past and Present by Karim, Karim H. (2016.0) - The current Ismaili Imam, Aga Khan IV, visited Badakhshan in 1995 and counseled his followers to work toward re-establishing peaceful relations in the country. All three authors, in their respective ways, have made a contribution to the study of the past and current Shia Ismaili leadership. Keywords: aga; authority; imam; institutions; ismaili; khan; leadership; poor; shia
• Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi‘ism: From ‘Ali to Post-Khomeini By Hamid Mavani (New York: SUNY, 2013. 288 pages.) by Takim, Liyakat (2015.0) - However, the author does not elaborate upon precisely how this new ijtihād will function, the re- sults it will achieve, and how it will resolve new challenges without ignoring the role of traditional Islamic legal theory. Mavani mentions scholars like Mojtahed Shabistari, Mohsen Kadivar, Muhaqqiq Damad, and Abdolkarim Soroush as having put forth creative ideas to reform Islamic legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh) so as to expand the scope of ijtihād (p. xi). Keywords: authority; ijtihād; mavani

• The Arabic Script in Africa by Haron, Muhammed (2010.0) - Mohammed Chtatou (ISESCO), used his “Using Arabic Script in Writing African Languages (by) Revisiting ISESCO’s Experience 25 Years Later: Field Successes and Shortcoming” to overview ISESCO’s ambitious cultural and educational undertakings, which began in the 1980s, and how it adopted a particular scientific methodology to implement its program and devise a standardized system for many African languages. Clarissa Vierke’s (Bayreuth University) “Kala Shairi: Writing Swahili Poetry in Arabic Script,” examined, among others issues, how this poetry was shaped by and shapes manuscript writing in East Africa. Keywords: africa; arabic; script; university
• International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in Southern Africa by Haron, Muhammed (2007.0) - and IRCICA, aware of the fact that very little research has been done on Islam in southern Africa, have strongly advocated holding a symposium to bring scholars, researchers, and stakeholders together to share their thoughts on their respective countries and communities. The symposium was held to realize the following goals: (1) to increase our knowledge of Islam’s history and heritage in southern Africa, (2) make the southern African Muslims’ religious and cultural heritage better under- stood by themselves and other communities both at home and abroad, (3) strengthen affinities and cooperation among Muslim and African nations and peoples by producing and disseminating Islamic and cultural knowl- edge, (4) promote better understanding and dialogue among Muslims and members of other faith and cultural communities, (5) offer a forum for the true understanding of Islamic culture in the world, (6) contribute to the New Partnership for Africa’s Development’s (NEPAD) African Millennium Pro- ject and the African Renaissance, and (7) produce authentic resources for fur- ther research and curriculum development. Keywords: africa; islamic; symposium
• Conference on Islam in Africa: Global, Cultural and Historical Perspectives by Haron, Muhammed (2002.0) - The first type has deepened the divisions and Conference Reports 157 From the conference's concluding discussions, it was resolved to organize three follow-up conferences in Africa: one in West Africa, another in East Africa and a third in Southern Africa. Conference Reports Conference on Islam in Africa: Global, Cultural and Historical Perspectives Academic studies regarding fslam in Africa have increased at a rapid pace over the past few years. Keywords: africa
• Approaches to the Study of Islam and Muslim Societies: University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa Muharram 5-7, 1412/July 17-19, 1991 by Tayob, A. I. (1992.0) - Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Approaches to the Study of Islam and Muslim Societies University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa Muharram 5-7, 1412/July 17-19, 1991 425 This conference was convened by J. H. Dreyer of the Department of Semitic Studies at the University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, and the Department of Religious Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. The topic of Islam in Cape Town Africa was the focus of the next session. Keywords: africa; cape; town

• Towards an Islamic Enlightenment: The gülen Movement By M. Hakan Yavuz (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 320 pages.) by Tee, Caroline (2014.0) - M. Hakan Yavuz was one of the early contributors to the literature on the Gülen movement, co-editing a major volume on the subject with John Espo- sito in 2003 (Hakan Yavuz and John Esposito, Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement [Syracuse University Press: 2003]). No other scholar has attempted such a holistic analysis, for others tend to focus on just one of its many areas of in- fluence, namely, education (Bekim Agai, Zwischen Netzwerk und Diskurs - Das Bildungsnetzwerk um Fethullah Gülen (geb. Keywords: gülen; islamic; movement; yavuz
• From Dialogue to Collaboration: The Vision of Fethullah Gülen and Muslim-Christian Relations by Bruckmayr, Philipp (2009.0) - The following panel, “Fethullah Gülen: Sources and Tradi- tions,” made important contributions to our knowledge of Gülen’s intellec- tual and religious background with presentations scrutinizing his approach to Qur’anic exegesis and Sufism, as well as his relationship to the tradition of the Naqshbandi brotherhood. Barton, on the contrary, set out to situate the Gülen movement in the context of modern Islamic social movements of various strands, which, due to its particularities and comparatively recent emergence, proved to be an impor- tant but difficult task. Keywords: dialogue; gülen; movement
• Crucial Images in the Presentation of a Kurdish National Identity: Heroes and Patriots, Traitors and Foes by Martin Strohmeier (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2003. 265 pages.) by Yenigün, Halil Ibrahim (2005.0) - This study of failed nation- alism “is concerned less with how and why Kurdish nationalism did or did not ‘catch on’ than with the efforts made by [the] Kurdish elite to construct a viable concept of Kurdish identity” (p. 1). Dr. Sükrü Mehmed Sekban, in his La Question Kurde, disputed the tenets of Kurdish nationalism that he had helped to propagate and the goals that he had tried to realize. Keywords: kurdish; kurds; movement
• Najd before the Salafi Reform Movement: Social, Political and Religious Conditions during the Three Centuries Preceding the Rise of the Saudi State by Uwaidah M. Al Juhany. (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, in association with the King Abdul Aziz Foundation for Research and Archives, Saudi Arabia, 2002. 223 pages.) by Salem, Ahmed Ali (2004.0) - The author correctly notes that pre-Salafi Najd (central Arabia) was neither a center of religious learn- ing nor the site of large urban communities, which might be expected to produce a reform movement of a size and significance of the Salafi move- ment. If Najd succeeded in producing such a great Islamic reform move- ment despite its extremely hard conditions, then no Muslim country can be excused from developing and nurturing Islamic reform movements on the same scale. Keywords: movement; najd; salafi
• Hamas: The New Establishment? by Herman, Lyndall (2013.0) - Mishal and Sela, Palestinian Hamas, 38. Mishal and Sela, Palestinian Hamas, 133-35. 52. Keywords: brotherhood; establishment; gaza; hamas; islamic; leadership; movement; new; palestinian; plo; yasin
• The Emergence of Modern Shi‘ism: Islamic Reform in Iraq and Iran by Zackery Heern (London: Oneworld Publications, 2015.) by Takim, Liyakat (2017.0) - Given that Wahid Bihbahani (1709-91), the founder and catalyst for Usuli revivalism during the nineteenth century, is barely known in the West, it is a welcome ad- dition to the growing Western literature on medieval and modern Shi‘ism. Since he explores Bihbahani’s role in Usuli revivalism, Heern needs to examine and elaborate on this figure’s thoughts in greater depth. Keywords: movement; usuli; usulism

• Music Education and Muslims: By Diana Harris (Stoke on Trent, UK and Sterling, USA: Trentham Books, 2006. 149 pages.) by Jones, Alyson E. (2008.0) - Yet overall, Harris presents a strong case for the relevance of her topic and provides helpful advice for music teachers struggling to deal with these issues in a sensitive manner. The second initiative, led by Robert Bun- ting and other specialists in Birmingham, sought to introduce Islamic music and culture into state schools with a high proportion of Muslim students. Keywords: harris; music; united
• Marriage, Money, and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society: By Yossef Rapoport (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 137 pages.) by Holtzman, Livnat (2008.0) - Yet overall, Harris presents a strong case for the relevance of her topic and provides helpful advice for music teachers struggling to deal with these issues in a sensitive manner. The second initiative, led by Robert Bun- ting and other specialists in Birmingham, sought to introduce Islamic music and culture into state schools with a high proportion of Muslim students. Keywords: harris; music; united

• Legitimizing Modernity in Islam: Muslim Modus Vivendi and Western Modernity by Husain Kassim (Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2005, 176 pages.) by Abboud, Samer (2007.0) - Unlike previous chapters, in which he makes the case for the compatibility of concepts, here he asserts the need to adapt Islamic law and the current conditions of Islamic communities to the project of modernity and its universal values. Here, Kassim attacks both those who claim that Islamic law does not offer sufficient human rights and those who believe that the very notion of human rights is a western concept that is inapplicable to the non-western world. Keywords: islamic; kassim; modernity
• The Flame of Sinai: Hope and Vision in Iqbal by Sheila McDonough (Lahore: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2002, 249 pages.) by Afzaal, Ahmed (2004.0) - Sheila McDonough’s new book on Muhammad Iqbal (1877- 1938) can be approached with reference to this particular discourse, for the question of Islam and modernity was perhaps the most important factor that motivated and shaped Iqbal’s creative output – a body of ideas whose rev- elance has tremendously increased in the six decades since his death. The Flame of Sinai: Hope and Vision in Iqbal Sheila McDonough Lahore: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2002, 249 pages. Keywords: iqbal; mcdonough; modernity
• EDITORIAL by AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. (1997.0) - vi The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 141 On perhaps a deeper microlevel than that of the preceding papers, Omar H. Khaleefa chalIerrges, in his The Imperialism of EmAmerican Psychology in non-Western Cultures: An Attempt toward an Urnmatic Psychology, the notion that psychology, defined as the scientific study of human behavior, is based on theories and methods that are universal or objective and therefore valid for all peoples and under all circumstances. Elmessiri takes a hard look at the underlying assumptions of modernity, including its view of humanity, and explains how the natm+maaer paradigm has insinuated itself as the underlying paradigm of Western modernity. Keywords: islamic; modernity; study

• An Introduction to the Science of the Hadith: Kitab Ma`rifat Anwa` `Ilm al-Hadith by Ibn al-Salah al-Shahrazuri (Eerik Dickinson, tr.) (Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 2005. 356 pages.) by Sadeki, Behnam (2007.0) - The first step toward understanding traditional hadith scholarship is to know its terminology. Ibn al-Salah’s book can help correct certain modern misunderstandings about the nature of traditional hadith scholarship and the technical meanings of such basic terms as sahih, da`if, munkar, and tadlis. Keywords: hadith; sahih
• Carrying on the Tradition: A Social and Intellectual History of Hadith Transmission across a Thousand Years (by Garrett A. Davidson) by Lucas, Scott (2022.0) - Through detailed analysis of a breath-taking range of hadith books and documentary sources, it identifies key features of hadith transmission that emerged during approximately the fourth/tenth century and were sustained in the Middle East and North Africa until the tenth/sixteenth century. This transformation of the role of the chain of transmission had profound consequences on hadith transmission and, as Davidson demonstrates, has led many Western Islamicists to draw erroneous conclusions about hadith scholarship during this period. Keywords: chains; davidson; hadith; transmission

• Youth Viewers of Pakistan Television (PTV) and the Enculturation Model of the Islamization Process: Towards Exploring Some Empirical Basics by Khan, Fazal R. (1992.0) - In summary, religious TV viewers generally seem to be interpersonal communication based young enthusiasts who support IsIamization and who tend to monitor national affairs probably in Shari'ah-focused terms. Note: Function 1 separates religious TV viewers (+) from domestic entertainment viewers (-1, and function 2 separates the cosmopolitan entertainment group (+) from the domestic entertainment group (-). Keywords: affairs; communication; entertainment; environment; function; group; media; model; national; radio; salience; table; variables; video; viewers
• Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media By Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky; New York: Pantheon Books, 1988, 413 pp., $14.50. by Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A. (1990.0) - In this process, they discovered several instances of misuse of mass media and of media research for commercial and political purposes. 111e Segmented Society offered a sociological interpretation of mass media contents which, according to him, aggravated the growing isolation of individuals from their social organizations. Keywords: media

• Secret Affairs: Britain’s Collusion with Radical Islam By Mark Curtis (London: Serpent’s Tail, 2010. pbk. 423 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2012.0) - Most importantly, published before the so-called Arab Spring, it provides a solid background that helps explain what is taking place cur- rently in the Arab world as such collusion persists and may be expected to intensify, and as so-called Islamist groups as well as Gulf countries con- ventionally carry on being nothing more than Western foreign policy tools. Curtis specu- lates that the British government continues to tolerate such Islamist groups in the country in order to benefit from them as sources of “information,”` to use them as divisive forces that would help keep the Middle East politi- cally divided, and as a lever to influence policies of governments in the region (xv, 307‒309). Keywords: britain; british; brotherhood; curtis

• The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science by Kevin van Bladel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 278 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2010.0) - The publication of Kevin van Bladel’s revised Yale doctoral dissertation is a wonderfully solid historical masterpiece that greatly contributes to our understanding of certain strands of intellectual transmission in the late antique Near East, as well as disabuses us of many a myth about the pres- ence of Hermes and hermeticism in classical Islamic learned culture. Van Bladel’s study is divided into two parts: (1) the background and intellectual formation of the Arabic Hermes located in the tripartite history of Islamic learned culture located in Hellenic late antiquity, Sasanian Iran, and those elusive Sabeans of Harran and (2) an examination of the shift from the concept of Hermes Trismegistus, the thrice-Hermes of the doxographies, to the notion of Hermes-Idris as the prophetic sage and teacher and the proliferation of wisdom sayings associated with him, some of which are extracted and adapted (though not many) from the Greek Hermetica, which in itself survives due to its existence with Gnostic cor- pora in late antique Egypt, not least the Nag Hammadi codices. Keywords: arabic; hermes; islamic
• Short Arabic Plays: An Anthology by Salma Khadra Jayyusi, ed. (Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2003. 466 pages.) by Hartman, Michelle (2004.0) - 466 pages Like most of the other anthologies edited by Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Short Arabic Plays is a collection of translated Arabic literary works focused around one particular genre. This missing information is particularly problematic in the case of Short Arabic Plays, because it treats such a little-known genre. Keywords: anthology; arabic; jayyusi; plays
• hikaayaat kaliila wa-dimna li-tulaab al-lughat al-carabiyya (Tales from Kalila wa Dimna for Students of Arabic [retold]): By Munther A Younes (Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, 2001. 206 pages, 3 audio CDs.) by Roochnik, Paul (2003.0) - Younes has inserted four excerpts of the original Arabic rendering of Kalila wa Dimna; he then asks the student to read the classical Arabic and compare it with the simplified Modern Standard Arabic version. The title Kalila wa Dimna first came to my attention long ago in my sec- ond year of Arabic language study. Keywords: arabic; dimna; kalila
• Inscription as Art in the World of Islam: 7-9 Dhu al-Hijjah 1416/25-27 April 1996 Hofstra University, Hofstra Cultural Center Long Island, New York by Haron, Muhammed (1996.0) - This was followed by the fifth session, which, moderated by Daniel Varisco (Hofstra University), consisted of Alexandra Bain (University of Victoria, BC, Canada), “A Contemporary Sufi Master’s Use of Sacred Inscriptions”; Richard Weissman (University of California-Los Angeles), “Islamic Inscriptions as Apotropaic Art A Study of Turkish Talismanic Shirts”; Alhaja Rahmatallahi Ogunmuyiwa (Federation of Muslim Women’s Associations in Nigeria), “The Arabic Script as Sacred Writing in Nigeria” (read in her absence by one of the organizers); and Saiyad Nizamuddin Ahmad (Princeton University), “Towards a Cosmology of Sacred Inscription in Islam: Glimpses of ‘Zlm aZ-Huruf.” Conferences, Addresses Inscription as Art in the World of Islam 7-9 Dhu al-l;lijjah 1416/25-27 April 1996 Hofstra University, Hofstra Cultural Center Long Island, New York 589 During April 1996, the Hofstra Cultural Center organized an interna­ tional interdisciplinary conference that focused upon the role of inscription in Islamic art. Keywords: arabic; art; inscriptions; islamic; university; works

• Islamic Biomedical Ethics: Principles and Application by Abdulaziz Sachedina (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 280 pages.) by Swazo, Norman K. (2009.0) - Given his project to provide a foundation for Islamic biomedical ethics, chapter 2 is critical as a normative framework for Sachedina’s discussion of biomedical problems. Whether it is foundational for Islamic biomedical ethics depends in part on epistemological prejudices and expectations (e.g., a “modest” or “radical” foundation). Keywords: ethics; islamic; sachedina
• Islam and Bioethics: Concerns, Challenges, and Responses by Bhattacharya, Sandhya; Brockopp, Jonathan E. (2006.0) - Frederick Denny’s (University of Colorado) remarks focused more on assimilating Islamic perspectives into the bioethical discourse. First, Hassan Shanawani (University of Michigan) and Mohammed Hassan Khalil (University of Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 153 Michigan) examined “Reporting on ‘Islamic Bioethics’ in the Medical Literature: Where Are the Experts?” Keywords: ethics; islamic; medical; panel; patient; university
• ajiss-2692 by None (None) - Its discussion about Islamic Ethics is superficial. 378 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 Views and Comments Islamic Ethics: Concept and Prospect Keywords: ethics

• Islam & Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism By Timur Kuran (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004. 194 pages.) by Abboud, Samer (2007.0) - It engages varied debates over Islamic identity and jurisprudence and how they reveal Book Reviews 107 themselves within the context of Islamic economics. In this brilliant contribution, Timur Kuran weaves six chapters into a sound critique of the assumptions and practices of Islamic economics. Keywords: economics; islamic; kuran
• An Introduction to Islamic Economics: By Muhammad Akram Khan. Islamabad, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Institute of Policy Studies, Pakistan, 1994, xii+ 153 pp. by Hasan, Zubair (1996.0) - Book Reviews 58 1 Chapter 4, on Islamic economics in practice, disposes of such vast areas as Islamic banking, zakah, insurance, uw4@, and hisbuh in just five pages! Chapter 1 provides a broad picture of Islamic economics for those who may not have the time to read the entire book (p. xii). Keywords: akram; economics; islamic; resources; scarcity
• Report on the Third Seminar on Islamic Economics: Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Framework The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. Herefeld Auduorium, Hannan Hall Jumada al Akhirah 4-5, 1411 December 22-23, 1990 by Sattar, Zaidi (1991.0) - Citing from the Holy Qur’an and the works of Islamic scholars, he stressed that Islamic thought has much to offer in the emancipation of the ummah from the debilitating influence of colonialism. I, 1991 181 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Report on the Third Seminar on Islamic Economics: Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Framework The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. Herefe/d Auduorium, Hannan Hall Jumada al Akhirah 4-5, /4ll/December 22-23, 1990 Keywords: economics; interest; investment; islamic; university
• Second Annual Economics Seminar: Robi al Akhir 8-10. 1409/November 18-20, 1988 by Mahdi, Syed Iqbal (1988.0) - The Second Economics Seminar of the AMSS Economic Discipline Council on Islamic Economics co-sponsored by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) was held Rabi‘ al kkhir 8-10, 1409/November 18-20, 1988, at the IIIT headquarters in Herndon, Virginia. The first session was on “Methodological Issues in Islamic Economics” chaired by Dr. Rasool M. Hashimi of Southern Illinois University. Keywords: economics; islamic
• The Seminar on Islamic Economics: (March 28-29, 1987) by Anwar, Muhammad (1987.0) - Dr. Anwar, also of the International Institute of Islamic Thought, Dr. Salim Rashid of the University of Illinois, and the famous Islamic economist Dr. Mahmud Abii Saud delivered their papers on “Methodology of Islamic Economics,” Islamic Economics: An Historic-Inductive Approach,” and “Research Methodology for Islamic Economics”, respectively during the session. The program began with recitations of the Qur‘an followed by addresses of Dr. T&ha Jabir Al-‘Alwam-, President of the International Institute of Islamic Thought; Dr. ‘AbdulHamid ’Abu Siilaymiin, President of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists; and Dr. Raquibuz Zaman, Chairman of the Economic Discipline Council. Keywords: economics; islamic; session
• Toward the Shari'ah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution by Arif, Muhammad (1985.0) - The adherents of the conventional school do understand that the fundamentals of Islamic economic system are very different from the fundamentals of capitalism, but despite this fact they are not ready to accept this reality that Islamic economics deserves to be developed in its own right. Toward the Shari'ah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution by Muhammad Arif* I. INTRODUCTION - THE MAJOR CRITICS OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS: This paper attempts to respond to the critics who, on various grounds, oppose the development of Islamic economics. Keywords: economics; school
• İslâmi İktisat Analizinin Yeni Bir Çerçevesine Doğru: (Çev. Ayşenur Topal) by Susamto, Akhmad Akbar (2024.0) - diyerek ha- yıflanmaktadır.[7] Choudhury daha önce; “İslâmi iktisat, ana akım iktisat teo- rilerinin hepten bir kölesi haline geldi”[8] ve İslâmi iktisadın, bir çalışma alanı olarak “etik davranışa, neo-klasik yaklaşımdan başka bir şey olmadığı.” Giriş Yarım yüzyıldan fazla bir süredir, Müslüman alimler çağdaş ekonomi pratikleri ve politikalarını İslâmi bir perspektiften incelemekle meşguller.[1] Keywords: aktörlerin; alanı; ancak; arasındaki; aynı; bilgi; bir; bkz; chapra; choudhury; daha; dair; değildir; dünya; economics; ekonomik; etmek; farklı; fiili; gibi; göre; ideal; iktisadın; iktisat; ile; islamic; için; i̇slam; i̇slâmi; i̇slâmi iktisadın; i̇slâmi olarak; journal; kabul; kahf; konvansiyonel; makale; mevcut; müslüman; nasıl; neden; nedenle; olan; olarak; olduğunu; ortaya; research; siddiqi; temel; veya; zaman; çalışma; şekilde

• Globalization: Centralization not Globalism by al'Alwani, Taha Jabir (1998.0) - Instead, we must identify with Fakhr a1 Din a1 R&i, who divided the world into two realms: dcfr ul ijdbuh (the land of acceptance, where peo- ple accepted Islam and Islamic va4ues are practiced) and dcfr a1 du'wuh (the land of invitation, to which du'wuh is presented and its people are invited to Islamic values and practices). In this brief discussion, we shall limit our comments to the realm of normative values. Keywords: center; globalism; values

• Pluralism in Islam: Cairo, Egypt Rabi' al Thani 6, 1411/October 25, 1990 by Cairo Office, IIIT - (1991.0) - This, in essence, is what distinguishes Islamic pluralism from its Western version. As for political pluralism or political groupings within the Islamic ummah, 'A�iyah said that the ummah must encourage those political activities which will allow the development of several parties. Keywords: islamic; parties; pluralism; ummah

• The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of nrkish Political Ideas by Serif Madin, (Syracuse: Syracuse Univenity Pns, 2000, xii+456 pp.) by Kalin, Ibrahim (2001.0) - The ideas they struggled with, and the ways in which they constructed, disseminated and applied them, were destined to determine the parameters of modem Turkish political thought. Mardin Sustiflably turns to classical Islamic political thought for this historical background, because the Young Ottoman intellectuals were not systematic philosophers nor did their main interest lay in theoretical discussions. Keywords: islamic; mardin; modem; ottoman; turkish
• Editorial by Nafi, Basheer (1995.0) - Traditional Islam, or that of the ulama, has been and will always be a strong tributary to con­ temporary Islamic thought and its world vision. More importantly, one can discern eas­ ily in their essays, as well as in that of T. J. al 'Alwan1 (Missing Dimen­ sions in Contemporary Islamic Movements), the evolving convergence of Islamic thought and the study of Islam, as the borders between the two fields are becoming increasingly insignificant. Keywords: islamic; issue; modem; ulama

• ajiss-3794 by None (None) - Гоши прослеживает динамику учености и лидерства в общинах на основе полевой работы с афроамериканскими салафитскими общинами в Филадельфии. Примечательно, что две из этих ста- тей взяты из симпозиума Американского журнала ислама и об- щества по теме Мак̣ас̣ид, первая серия статей из которого была представлена в предыдущем выпуске (38:3-4), посвященном этой теме. Keywords: ислама; статье

• International Treaties (Mu’âhadât) in Islam: Theory and Practice in Light of Islamic International Law (Siyar) according to Orthodox Schools By Labeeb Ahmed Bsoul (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2008. 216 pages.) by Fadel, Mohammad (2010.0) - Those looking for answers regarding the possibilities for mutual co-existence between Mus- lim and non-Muslim states on the basis of mutual equality will be severely disappointed. The first chapter, which provides a general overview of Islamic international law, deals with such questions as the origin of the term siyar; the earliest Muslim writers of siyar; the sources of Islamic international law; the concept of an Islamic state (dar al-Islam) and a non-Islamic state(s) (dar al-harb); and the relationships between the two, which, as a default matter, he asserts is one of peace. Keywords: islamic; non

• Imam Shafi‘i: Scholar and Saint By Kecia Ali (Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2011. 160 pages.) by Baugh, Carolyn (2013.0) - Kecia Ali has performed a great service for Islamic studies by harmonizing early sources with the most compelling recent scholarship to produce a biog- raphy of Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i (d. 204/820), one of Islam’s most important figures. Ali cogently describes how all of these became tools for elaborating the bayŒn, and how al-Shafi‘i took full advantage of any ambiguity in the language of revelation to widen his ability to interpret it with flexibility. Keywords: ali; imam; shafi‘i
• Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam: By Kecia Ali (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010. hbk. 262 pages) by Fadel, Mohammad (2011.0) - While Ali points out that the legal tool by which conceptions of ownership derived from the institution of slavery were imported into jurists’ conception of marriage were analogical, that does not mean that concubinage and marriage were the same thing; indeed, jurists made great efforts to distinguish, from a legal perspective, lawful concubinage from lawful marriage to a free woman. Ali concludes that the primary claim the wife had for her husband’s time was that he spend as much time with her as he did with other wives ‒ and while all the ju- rists agreed to this as a matter of principle, they often disagreed in the details regarding what a fair division of time among a man’s wives meant. Keywords: ali; marriage
• Excellence and Precedence: Medieval Islamic Discourse on Legitimate Leadership by Asma Afsaruddin (Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 2002. 322 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2004.0) - The theologian al-Baghdadi defined the Ahl al-Sunnah as “those who showed preference (tafdil) for Abu Bakr, `Umar, and those who were after him, even though they differed with regard to the respective merits of `Ali and `Uthman” (p. 20). It analyzes Bina’ al-Maqalah al-Fatimiyah fi Naqd al-Risalah al- `Uthmaniyah, a seventh-/thirteenth-century polemical Shi`ite work on the imamate, itself a refutation of a third-/ninth-century polemical work. Keywords: ali; excellence
• The Tijaniyya Sufi Brotherhood Amongst the Idaw ‘Ali of the Western Sahara by Johnson, Winifred Marie (2021.0) - I came here to receive from you the wird of al-sheikh al-Tijani (may Allah be pleased with him).”3‘ Al-Arabi claims that al-Hafiz immediately granted the Tijani wird to that man. ‘For more information on the Kunta, see Aziz Batran, “An Introductory Note on the Impact of Sidi al-Mukhtar al-Kunti on West African Islam in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,” Journal of the Histordcal Society ofN@enh 6,4 (June 1973); “Sidi al-Mukhtar al-Kunti and the Recrudescence of Islam in the Western Sahara and MiddleNiger,”Ph. Keywords: ahmed; ali; hafiz; idaw; muhammed; mukhtar; sheikh; sidi; tijani; tijaniyya; wird
• Muslim Scholars, Islamic Studies, and the Gendered Academy by Rizvi, Muneeza (2018.0) - In her speech, Dr. Ali situated ongoing and gendered contesta- tions in Islamic Studies within a number of broader contexts: the history of the AAR (currently the largest American organization dedicated to the study of religion), contemporary crises in higher education, and our shift- ing national climate. While Dr. Ali briefly noted her skepticism towards the text in question, the most striking aspect of her account of this encounter was the question of citation. Keywords: ali; islamic
• Ali A. Mazrui, IIIT, and the Muslim Experience in the United States of America by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2015.0) - Editorial Ali A. Mazrui, IIIT, and the Muslim Experience in the United States of America This editorial is dedicated to paying a tribute to Professor Ali A. Mazrui, who passed away in Binghamton, New York, on October 13, 2014. Professor Ali A. Mazrui, the celebrated scholar, author, and public intellectual from Kenya came, performed, and departed gracefully. Keywords: ali; iiit; islamic; mazrui; professor

• Burying the Past: Making Peace and Doing Justice after Civil Conflict by Nigel Biggar, ed. (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001. 312 pages.) by Ejobowah, John Boye (2003.0) - However, the contributors to the book’s theoretical section try to politi- cize criminal justice by creating a tension between the need for justice and the need for peace/political stability. The contributors bridge the tension between the moral claim of justice and the political demands of peace by arguing that criminal justice is not pri- marily about punishing the perpetrator, but that it involves recognizing the injury and acknowledging the victim’s dignity. Keywords: justice; past; truth
• ajiss-3657 by None (None) - As Zatari and Fili argue, modernist critics of this classical literature on justice and just rule have typically contended that pre-modern Muslim political thought lacked a proper definition of jus- tice, and instead preferred to merely uphold an authoritarian status quo. Belhaj examines these three thinkers’ contributions to the question of political loyalty, especially when Muslims are the minority in non-Muslim con- texts. Keywords: belhaj; justice; preaching

• Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy by Amitai Etzioni (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007. 308 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2009.0) - 308 pages. Couched in moral language and endeavoring to preempt possible shifts in foreign policy attitudes, this six-part book attempts to subtly and indirectly weave Israeli interests into American policy and upcoming decision-making processes. Moreover, he argues that Washington should not attempt regime change, but opt instead for a behavioral change that would lead Iran to forego nuclear ambitions (p. 4), a major Israeli concern. Keywords: policy; security
• The New Turkish Republic: By Graham E. Fuller (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2008. 196 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2008.0) - This policy book purports to advise American decision makers about the changes and transformations taking place in Turkey’s politics and foreign policy, as well as their reasons and implications. Graham Fuller argues that Turkey, under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and his successors, under- went an imposed “cultural lobotomy” designed to induce a national “amne- sia” about its Islamic and Ottoman past (p. 17). Keywords: american; policy; turkey
• The New Politics of Islam: Pan-Islamic Foreign Policy in a World of States by Naveed S. Sheikh (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003. 206 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2004.0) - One cannot but won- der if such is how a work about Islam ought to be, for what is at stake here is not Sheikh’s critique of Muslim states’ policies or of the OIC (much of which is sound, warranted, and insightful), but basically the consolidation of the power hierarchy’s binary relationship between social theory and Islamic narratives. Moreover, while some countries have fared better than others in guarding their independence, Sheikh lumps together Saudi Arabia, which “owes its very existence … to Western policy” (p. 46) and the client state of Pakistan on the one hand, 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:2 and Iran on the other, as cases of failed Islamic policies. Keywords: islamic; policy
• Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy since the Cold War by Philip Robins (Seattle: Washington University Press, 2003. 352 pages.) by Kösebalaban, Hasan (2004.0) - Philip Robins contends that Turkish foreign policy has faced four chal- lenges in four distinct periods of its history: (1) consolidating the emer- gent Turkish Republic through external recognition (1930s), (2) remain- ing neutral during the Second World War (1940s), (3) confronting the challenge of Soviet expansionism (the cold war era), and (4) responding to the end of bipolarity (post-cold war era). Finally, Turkish foreign policy has been characterized more by “caution than daring,” quoting Malik Mufti. Keywords: policy; robins; turkey
• Refuge: Rethinking Refugee Policy in a Changing World by Snedeker, Wesley (2019.0) - Part I details the subject at hand—defining a refugee and considering how an individual comes to be one, providing a history of refugee policy and arguing for its outdatedness, and recounting the re- cent events that led to the current Syrian crisis. Given the above circumstances, the authors posit a number of import- ant guiding changes to refugee policy, starting with changing the definition of a “refugee”: 70 Keywords: betts; collier; policy; refugee

• The 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Islamists in Egypt and Malaysia: Similar Goals, Different Circumstances by Pasuni, Afif (2013.0) - The effect is not only limited to a single party, but encom- passes the whole political spectrum as other political parties grapple in the “Islamization” race not only to appear more Islamic, but also to link their gov- ernance with religious legitimacy. In both cases, the opposition Islamist groups made considerable gains; those in Egypt filled the vacuum left by the previous government, while in Malaysia PAS won the majority of oppo- sition votes in addition to the state of Terengganu and their stronghold state of Kelantan. Keywords: egypt; egyptian; islamists; malaysia; opposition; party; pas; revolution
• The New Mamlukes: Egyptian Society and Modern Feudalism by Amira El-Azhari Sonbol (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2000. 292 pages.) by Ahmad, Imad A. (2002.0) - She finds that Egyptian society has not been static, waiting to be transformed from the outside, but dynamic, following its own cultural evolution. Ultimately, Islam has an indispensable role in the cultural effort to end the duality in Egyptian society. Keywords: egypt; sonbol

• Conference on Champa 2007 by Willoughby, Jay (2007.0) - Po Dharma (The French Research School of the Far East, France), in his “Notes on the Sociocultural and Economic Problems of the Cham in Central Vietnam,” mentioned other problems: traditional religious and cultural prac- tices have been forbidden, many Cham cannot read the traditional script, Vietnamese law supplanted customary law in 1975, and their spiritual life has not been respected. In his “Migration, Resettlement, and Identity of the Cham Diaspora in Southeast Asia,” Nicholas Weber (The Institut National des Langues and Civilisations Orientales, France) detailed how Cham communities have fared in the disapora. Keywords: cambodia; cham; champa; language
• Another Sea, Another Shore: Persian Stories of Migration by Shouleh Vatanabadi and Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami, trans. and eds. (Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2004. 242 pages.) by Asgharzadeh, Alireza (2005.0) - For the first time in the history of Persian literature, themes of identity, nationality, race, and language are explored as markers of differentiation, distinction, and othering. Most critics of modern Persian literature would agree that the emergent Iranian diaspora literature is both rearticulating and challenging traditional Persian narratives of identity, nationality, nation-state, and homeland. Keywords: language; literature; persian
• The Intellectual Challenge Facing Contemporary Islamic Scholarship by Safi , Louay M. (2002.0) - While such individual actions as hunting for food or constructing a dwelling may arguably be possible without these abilities, collective action requires the development of shared meaning and common understanding through lin­ guistic discourse. When used as an instrument for expressing ideas and sharing feelings, it helps externalize individual consciousness and makes it accessible to others. Keywords: language
• Overcoming the Cultural Divide by Safi, Louay M. (2002.0) - While such individual actions as hunting for food or constructing a dwelling may arguably be possible without these abilities, collective action requires the development of shared meaning and common understanding through lin­ guistic discourse. When used as an instrument for expressing ideas and sharing feelings, it helps externalize individual consciousness and makes it accessible to others. Keywords: language

• Cognitive Systematic Desensitization: An Innovative Therapeutic Technique with Special Reference to Muslim Patients by Badri, Malik B. (2014.0) - In this paper, I present an innovative practical study on the Islamization of systematic desensitization therapy. This study is based on a novel technique I carried out in 1965 while treating a Moroccan female patient by applying major changes to Joseph Wolpe’s (d. 1997) systematic desensitization therapy as de- scribed in his Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition.1 Keywords: ajiss31; anxiety; behavior; desensitization; hierarchy; islamic; new; patients; therapy

• Crescent and Dove: Peace and Conflict Resolution in Islam by Qamar-ul Huda, ed. (Preface by HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin Talal) (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2010. pbk. 336) by Hamid, Sadek (2011.0) - In addition, this model relies upon social and economic empowerment through “doing good,” the recognition of the universality of human dignity, equality, the sacredness of human life, and the pursuit of peace as being integral Islamic values and objectives that can shape an Islamic perspective to peacebuilding. This volume address three areas: the ethics of violence in Islam, nonviolence in the Is- lamic tradition, and contemporary efforts at Islamic peacemaking. Keywords: conflict; islamic; peace; resolution
• Unity in Diversity: Interfaith Dialogue in the Middle East by Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Amal I. Khoury, and Emily Welty (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2007. 285 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2008.0) - Just as Unity in Diversity opens with a series of recommendations for the “best practices” in IFD, it culminates with some advice concerning future IFD activities, such as professional training for staff and directors of IFD organizations, increased youth participation, and further research on IFD’s contribution to conflict resolution. Chapter 3, “Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding in Israel and Pales- tine,” commences with a detailed analysis of IFD cases in Israel/Palestine and then explores such interfaith organizations as the Palestinian Academic Soci- ety for the Study of International Affairs and Sabeel. Keywords: dialogue; ifd; interfaith; peace
• Peace, Jihad & Conflict Resolution by Alwani, Zainab (2003.0) - Lord Ahmed concluded his address by calling upon American Muslims to establish academic centers to improve the quality of their contributions to foreign policy decisions, and to establish media strategies that highlight Islamic concerns. In the panel “Strategies of Peacemaking, Regional and International,” Dr. Robert Crane (Center for Understanding Islam, NJ) examined how to promote peace and conflict resolution in “The International Criminal Court: Keywords: islamic; jihad; peace
• The Israeli-Syrian Peace Talks: 1991-1996 and Beyond by Helena Cobban (Washington, DC: Un ited States Institute of Peace, 1999. 235 pages.) by Barhoum, Khalil (2002.0) - Book Reviews The Israeli-Syrian Peace Talks: 1991-1996 and Beyond Helena Cobban Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1999. Cobban's book draws on research she conducted for her 1991 book, The Super-Powers and the Syrian-Israeli Conflict, and her 1997 mono­ graph, Syria and the Peace: A Good Chance Missed Published and partly funded by the United States Institute of Peace, a federal institution cre­ ated by Congress in 1984 to promote research on the peaceful manage­ ment and resolution of international conflicts, the volume consists of eight chapters, supplemented with a forward by the president of the Institute, Richard Solomon, and a thirty-page section devoted to notes. Keywords: peace
• The Advent of the Fatimids: A Contemporary Shi'i Witness. An Edition and English Translation of lbn alHaytham's Kitab al-Munaharat by Wilfred Madelung and Paul E. Walker. (New York: LB. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies (London), 2000. 326 pages.) by Fierro, Maribel (2002.0) - Book Reviews The Israeli-Syrian Peace Talks: 1991-1996 and Beyond Helena Cobban Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1999. Cobban's book draws on research she conducted for her 1991 book, The Super-Powers and the Syrian-Israeli Conflict, and her 1997 mono­ graph, Syria and the Peace: A Good Chance Missed Published and partly funded by the United States Institute of Peace, a federal institution cre­ ated by Congress in 1984 to promote research on the peaceful manage­ ment and resolution of international conflicts, the volume consists of eight chapters, supplemented with a forward by the president of the Institute, Richard Solomon, and a thirty-page section devoted to notes. Keywords: peace
• Islamic Reform Relating to Conflict and Peace by Qamar-ul Huda (2007.0) - Moving from his theological, philo- sophical, and historical understanding of Islamic peacebuilding, Saritoprak showed vividly how nonviolent activism was grounded in Islamic tradition and how Nursi’s nonviolent strategies of “positive action” remain influential around the world. In responding to Kalin, Marcia Hermansen dis- cussed how Islamic metaphysics may represent an overly theoretical approach to peacemaking and argued that we need to focus more on practi- cal dimensions and develop the field of Islamic peacebuilding. Keywords: conflict; peace; peacebuilding

• Double Betrayal: Repression and Insurgency in Kashmir Paula R. Newberg. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995, 77 pp. by Irfani, Suroosh (1996.0) - Unlike India, new thinking on Kashmir in Pakistan reflects a South Asian reality in which the nuclear capabilities of the two major powers have rendered the “heroic” decisiveness of yet another Indo-Pakistani war on Kashmir redundant. As a result, over six hundred thousand Indian security forces deployed in Kashmir “are being used as instruments of terror”:(p. 29) as well as “a weapon to close Indian human rights violations run as a red thread through Newberg’s study. Keywords: india; kashmir; newberg; pakistan
• Book Reviews by Abu Faisal (2021.0) - Indeed, he has offered some interesting and bold analyses and interpretations of Jinnah’s address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11 August, 1947, which have not been received very kindly by the official guardians of Pakistan ideology. Both Gandhi and Jinnah were contemporary leaders of the Indian Sub- continent and while hosts of books have been written on Gandhi, even movies have been made (“9 hours to Rama”and “Gandhi”), there has been very little literature on Jinnah, the creator of Pakistan. Keywords: jinnah; pakistan

• The Burqa Affair across Europe: Between Public and Private Space By Alessandro Ferrari and Sabrina Pastorelli, eds. (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. 268 pages.) by Piela, Anna (2015.0) - For example, he states in just Book Reviews 119 ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 119 one paragraph that, among other things, “the burqa tends to be worn by radi- cals” (without defining that term); “[burqa wearers] tend to be Arab Muslims, rather than Asian Muslims, and particularly Afghans” (p. 80; he provides no evidence to support these points and discounts the recent increase in wearing face veils specifically by Muslims of Asian background both in London and northern England); and “wealthy Arab women, often Saudi, can be seen vis- iting Harrods” (p. 80; unrelated to the rest of the paragraph). That said, the book at times is not very accessible to readers from disci- plinary backgrounds other than legal studies. Keywords: burqa; europe; face; veil

• Jewish Identities in Iran: Resistance and Conversion to Islam and the Baha’i Faith By Mehrdad Amanat (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2011. 279 pages.) by Goldin, Farideh (2012.0) - Although Amanat, similar to many Iranian Jewish scholars such as Amnon Netzer, acknowledges that the “Miseries of a Jewish Life” (chapter 7) in Iran forced many Jews to step out of their traditional faith, unlike these scholars he views such conversions as a source of personal pride, not as a stain on his family history that has to be explained away. Chapter 6, “Rayhan Rayhani: A Peddler Living Through Critical Times,” is a rare account of Jewish life in the early 1800s. Keywords: baha’i; faith; jews
• Knowledge, Faith, Morality, and the Future of Humanity by Haron, Muhammed (2010.0) - Farid Al-Attas’s (professor of sociology, National University of Singapore; head, Department of Malay Studies) keynote address: “The Social Theology of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and the Critique of Modern Civilization,” proposed that one has to consider Nursi’s engagement with society through his understanding and application of theology. Hasan Horkuc (Durham University, UK) critically examined “Said Nursi (Who) Reactivated Pro-Active Islamic Ethics and Injunctions,” Andi Faisal Bakti (Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic University, Indonesia) investi- gated “The Contribution of Da`wah to Communication Studies: Risale-i Nur Collection Perspective,” Michael J. Lenaghan (Miami Dade College, USA) located “Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in a Pluralistic World: (by dis- cussing the) Channel of Truth, Peace, Sustainable Change,” and Norshahril Bin Saat (Singapore National University) looked at “Said Nursi and the Concept of Progress.” Keywords: faith; nursi; papers; sessions; university
• The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity, and Status by Nissim Dana (Portland, OR: Sussex Academic Press, 2003. 227 pages.) by Monaghan, Sean (2006.0) - Second, the question of Druze identity is an intricate one. Moreover, to suggest that “Druze history is composed of a string of con- frontations between Druze believers and those of the Muslim faith, who con- stitute the overwhelming population of the Arab nation” (p. 109) is contra- dicted by the author himself and ignores the entire nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Keywords: druze; faith
• Faith Schools: Consensus or Conflict (June 27-28, 2002 • Institute of Education, London, UK THURSDAY 27 JUNE 2002) by Messoudi, Michele (2002.0) - When discussing the academic achievement argument, he commented that GCSE results in faith schools are 12% higher than in non faith schools, which still made them more attractive, if not spectacularly so. He raised the issues of what justifies faith schools and distin­ guishes them from others. Keywords: faith

• The Politics of Islamic Resurgence: Through Western Eyes: A Bibliographic Survey By Ahmed Bin Yousef and Ahmad AbulJobain. Springfield, IL: United Association for Studies and Research, Inc., 1992, 199 pp. by Atiyyah, Hani M. (1994.0) - This raises a question about the objective, although the compilers declare that it seeks to pre­ sent the Western intelligentsia-scholars, politicians, journalists-with Muslim comment and a bibliographic collection of Western articles that have tackled the issue of Islamic revival (p. ii). The chapter highlights, through quota­ tions from various sources, fabricated stories, subjective opinions, and general unfamiliarity with Islam and tends to condemn western authors and journalists for their role in formulating people's opinions. Keywords: bibliography; islamic; section; western

• Piety and Politics:: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia by Joseph Chinyong Liow (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. hbk. 282 pages) by Robinson, Francis (2011.0) - This book ex- plores how over the past thirty years the politics of Malaysia, which was only approximately 60 percent Muslim, moved strongly in an Islamist di- rection, indeed, “how Islam—in particular its ideological and institutional expressions—informs the configuration of power, the nature of legitimacy, and the sources of authority in Malaysian politics and society today” (xii). Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia Joseph Chinyong Liow New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Keywords: islamism; liow; malaysia
• ajiss-458 by None (None) - Thus, Islamic banks face a dual constraint: the payment of a religious tax (zakat) as well as a regular business income tax. PRODUCTS OF ISLAMIC BANKS AND THEIR KEY ELEMENTS. First, Bahrain’s Islamic banking system is representative of the best practices of Islamic banks in general, and second, Bahrain and Malaysia are currently vying for recognition as the capital or hub of Islamic banking worldwide. 70 Keywords: bank; banking; business; finance; financing; interest; islamic; malaysia; mudarabah; murabahah; musharakah

• Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fiction: Who Writes Iran? By Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami (London and New York: Routledge, 2015. 249 pages.) by Alavi, Samad (2015.0) - Mehdi Khorrami’s Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fic- tion: Who Writes Iran? challenges this trend, arguing that we do a great dis- service to both individual texts and literary studies as a discipline when we consider non-literary factors as the primary criteria by which to analyze and schematize literary works. Khorrami’s identification of non-discursivity as a central component of modernist literature and his ex- plications of non-discursive texts in this chapter most notably set Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fiction apart from other studies in the field. Keywords: discourse; fiction; khorrami; literature; persian
• Close Relationships: Incest and Inbreeding in Classical Arabic Literature by Geert Jan van Gelder (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2005. 278 pages.) by Holtzman, Livnat (2006.0) - At the same time, he emphasized that because of their healthy instincts, the pre-Islamic Arabs were very close to Islamic regulations (pp. 78-79). Islamic historians, such as the ninth-century author Ibn Habib, strove to prove that Islam made the rules stricter by forbidding the marriage of stepmothers and sons, as well as the marriage of two sisters simultaneously. Keywords: gelder; incest; literature

• Gnostic Apocalypse and Islam: Qur’an, Exegesis, Messianism, and the Literary Origins of the Babi Religion By Todd Lawson (London and New York: Routledge, 2012. 228 pages.) by Nguyen, Martin (2013.0) - The text in question is Tafs¥r S´rah Y´suf, also known as Qayy´m al-AsmŒ’ and Aúsan al-Qa§a§. Available only in manuscript form, the Tafs¥r is an early and critically impor- tant text for understanding the rise of Babism, a messianic new religious movement that emerged out of Shi‘ism. In his Gnostic Apocalypse and Islam, Todd Lawson provides a rich and mul- tifaceted exploration of an unconventional exegetical text by Ali Muhammad Shirazi (d. 1850), more prominently known as the Bab. Keywords: lawson; tafs¥r; text
• The Path to Virtue: The Ethical Philosophy of al-Raghib al-Isfahani By Yasien Mohamed (Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 2006. 589 pages.) by Tatar, Burhanettin (2010.0) - Book Reviews The Path to Virtue: The Ethical Philosophy of al-Raghib al-Isfahani Yasien Mohamed Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 2006. When we read the fundamental critical conception of Islamization in Mohamed’s work from this viewpoint, we can better realize that the hermeneutical circle established between the classical medieval moral ideals of al-Isfahani and others and our own horizon of morality can be a space of mediation of moral truth as the final stage of every form of morality. Keywords: text
• Aristotle’s Rhetoric in the East: The Syriac and Arabic Translation and Commentary Tradition By Uwe Vagelpohl (Leiden: Brill, 2008. 347 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2010.0) - Clearly the former tradition dominated, for even a cur- sory examination of the manuscript traditions and texts in libraries attests to this imbalance. Since translation is a process of cultural exchange, it is important to pay attention to details and formulations. Keywords: rhetoric; text; translation

• Riot After Riot: Reports on Caste and Communal Violence in India by M.J. Akbar, Penguin Books (India) 1988. by Ahmed, Akbar S. (1988.0) - 286 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Wl. 5, No. 2, 1988 Over Indian Muslims hangs the uneasy honor of having ruled Delhi for most of the last loo0 years and the traumatic partitioning of India-“History, Pakistan: the myth that has ia the subconscious, the myth of the mod-wieldmg Mussulman, which at times even sends a quiver of doubt into the sanest non-Muslim and which prompts him to ask himself whether the Muslims are basically an unreliable, emotional, anti-national community?” @. 41). Men of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) opened fire on about 40,000 Muslims while they were at their Id prayers. Keywords: akbar; hindu; india

• Christian and Muslim Dialogues: The Religious Uses of a Literary Form in the Early Islamic Middle East By David Bertaina (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011. 285 pages.) by Johnston, David (2013.0) - 34-36): the Melkites (the ex-Byzantine, Orthodox Christians who later lived under Islamic rule), the Jacobites (the Coptic and Syriac-speaking Christians of “West Syria”), and the “Church of the East” (the Nestorians who had lived in the Sasanian Empire). In the third chapter (“Dialogue as Conquest and Conversion”), Bertaina argues that although Christians were not dramatically affected by the sweeping Muslim conquests and the campaigns of Islamization did not start till the end of the Umayyad period (without yielding many conversions until the next cen- tury), Christian dialogues of the period reveal a noticeable anxiety about con- versions. Keywords: bertaina; christians; dialogue
• The Contribution of Interfaith Dialogue toward a Culture of Peace by Nielsen, Jorgen S. (2002.0) - The resurgence, in the last couple of decades, of political radicalism motivated by religion and expressed in religious terms, Jorgen S. Nielsen is a professor of Islamic studies and the director of the Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations at the University of Birrniogham, UK. Reflection The Contribution of Interfaith Dialogue toward a Culture of Peace Jorgen S. Nielsen Dialogue among the adherents of the major world religions has always taken place, especially, but not only, among the Abrahamic faiths: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Keywords: dialogue

• The Ottoman Age of Exploration: By Giancarlo Casale (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. hbk. 292 pages) by Langermann, Tzvi (2011.0) - Moreover, Indian Ocean policy was a complex of economic, military, and religious interests. At times, the direction and initiative came directly from Constantinople—especially when the “Indian Ocean faction” was able to exert its influence—but more usually from Ottoman functionaries in Egypt and Yemen, or even ambitious pirates. Keywords: indian; ocean; ottoman
• Sufism in Ottoman Egypt Circulation Renewal and Authority in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (by Rachida Chih) by Murat, Talha (2022.0) - She shows that the sainthood cult was highly embedded in the Prophetic heritage, as al-Hifnī’s hagiography constantly draws parallels between the paradigmatic life of the Prophet and al-Hifnī. Al-Azhar served as a significant meeting point for scholars both in the formation and function of this intellectual network, which was notable as al-Azhar was dominated both intellectually and administratively by scholars who were followers of the Khalwatiyya Sufi path. Keywords: ottoman; sufi
• Islamic Theology in the Turkish Republic (by Philip Dorroll) by Tastan, Osman (2022.0) - In Chapter Two, Dorroll focuses mainly on the correlation between Turkish nationalism and Turkish theology, following on the previous chapter’s account of late Ottoman Islamic modernism. I P D O R R O L L The book under review offers an analysis of Islamic theology delin- eated broadly under the auspices of the Ottomans and the nation-state of Turkey, in past and present. Keywords: dorroll; islamic; ottoman; theology

• Jihad in Paradise: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia by Mike Millard (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2004. 155 pages.) by Ali, Muhamad (2006.0) - Jihad in Paradise explores cultural and religious interaction in Singapore and compares this with the intolerant radical Islamism threatening the country and Southeast Asia in general. In his introduction, Millard observes how Singapore and Southeast Asia were generally prosperous and peaceful until the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98, 9/11, and the 2002 Bali bombings. Keywords: asia; millard; singapore; southeast
• Terrorism, Geopolitics, and Multinational Security Cooperation in Central Asia by Azizian, Rouben; Davis, Elizabeth Van Wie (2006.0) - Presenters at the conference were Baktybek Abdrisaev (Utah Valley University), Ehsan Ahrari (Strategic Paradigms, Washington, DC), Rouben Azizian (APCSS), Sanjay Chaturvedi (Panjab University), Jon Chicky (U.S. Department of Defense), Elizabeth Van Wie Davis (APCSS), Jim DeHart (U.S. Department of State), Feng Shaolei (East China Normal University), Fu Jen-Kun (Ching Yun University), Roger Kangas (Marshall Center, Ger- many), Alisher Khamidov (The Johns Hopkins University), Fatima Kuke- yeva (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), Alexey Malashenko (Car- negie Moscow Center), Robert T. Moeller (U.S. Central Command), Yury Morozov (Center for Military-Strategic Studies, Moscow), Askar Nursha (Kazakhstan Institute of Strategic Studies), Thomas W. Simons, Jr. (Harvard University), Nadia Usaeva (Radio Free Asia), Shi Ze (China Institute of Inter- national Studies) Sohail Zaidi (Command & Staff College, Quetta), and Irina Zvyagelskaya (Center for Strategic and Political Studies, Moscow). Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports Terrorism, Geopolitics, and Multinational Security Cooperation in Central Asia On 22-24 February 2006, the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) held this conference on the complex security environment of Central Asia as the region continues to struggle with the phenomena of ter- rorism and religious extremism, poverty and corruption, political instability and authoritarian governance, as well as great power (China, Russia, and the United States) suspicion and rivalry. Keywords: asia; central; region; university
• The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism? By Ahmad Rashid. London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1994. by Ahrari, M. Ehsan (1996.0) - Russian domination of Muslim Central Asia was carried out by mass deportation of local ethnic groups, pursuing policies strengthening monop- olistic Russian control over Central Asian economies and making sure that “Central Asia would continue to provide the lumpen manpower for the Soviet economy and military, but little of the brain“ (p. 56). While Russia and the West are trying to pull Central Asia away from the Islamic world, its Muslim neighbors are determined to build a greater economic and political consensus with the Central Asian states. Keywords: asia; central; rashid; russia
• Fundamentalism, Revivalists, and Violence in South Asia: Edited by James Warner Bjorkman Riverdale Company, Riverdale, MD 1988, 193 pp. by DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal (1989.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 347 In Fundamentalism, Revivalists, and violence in South Asia, the editor, Dr. Bjorkman has included essays, in addition to his own introductory piece, by four Western scholars, and by four Eastern scholars, one each from the faiths discussed. The following chapters examine, explore, and explain aspects of religious fundamentalism, self-righteous revivalists, and murderous mayhem among the four major faiths of South Asia.% Then, evincing his concern for the human situation in the area, and his own obviously painful experiences there, Dr. Bjorkman continues: “. . . Keywords: asia; fundamentalism; islamic; south; violence

• ajiss-490 by None (None) - The first is the gradual social process of conversion of the business class’ worldview and practice to align them with Islamist identity formations, which is “aimed at mitigating un- certainty and improving access to markets” (xvii). We learn that in modern civil wars across the Muslim world, business communi- ties intentionally adopt ardent Islamist identities as a practical means to- ward building trust and lowering cost. Keywords: ahmad; business; islamist; proto; taliban
• The Fatigue of the Shari‘a: By Ahmad Atif Ahmad (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 208 pages.) by Ayoub, Samy (2015.0) - The Fatigue of the Shari‘a Ahmad Atif Ahmad New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. In this challenging and thought-provoking monograph, Ahmad Atif Ahmad draws on the issue of futūr al-Sharī‘a (the end of access to divine guidance due to the absence of qualified jurists) to explore how early Muslim scholars debated its possible loss. Keywords: ahmad; shari‘a
• The young Turks and the Ottoman Nationalities: Armenians, greeks, Albanians, Jews, and Arabs, 1908-1918 By Feroz Ahmad (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014. 192 pages.) by Gökçek, Mustafa (2015.0) - In the chapter on the Armenians, Ahmad discusses the political interac- tions of such Armenian organizations as Dashnak with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and their coalitions with various political groups. Greek animosity and the Dardenelles campaign need to be considered as aggravating factors that led the CUP to haphazardly im- plement extreme measures in a very disorganized, and in many instances in- humane, way, a reality that gave way to the massacre of Armenian civilians in Kurdish revenge attacks or by the unendurable road conditions of forced exile. Keywords: ahmad; armenians; cup; istanbul

• Reaching Consensus on Organ Donation by Willoughby, Jay (2016.0) - As the norm is for or- gans to flow from poor bodies to rich bodies, from female bodies to male bod- ies, and from black and brown bodies to white bodies, the popular western 156 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:3 phrase “gift of life” means nothing to them. After pointing out that all Islamic legal schools have ruled that selling one’s body is a major sin, he mentioned that that doing so is now a huge business in Africa, and that the vast majority of “donors” in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf are migrant workers who need the money in order to live. Keywords: body; death; organ; panel

• Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association: 8-12 Rabi' al Awwal 1415/August 5-9, 1994 Los Angeles, California by Hashem, Mazen (1995.0) - Section sessions were basically of the same nature as regular sessions. Addresses Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association 8-12 Rabt' al Awwal 1415 I August 5-9, 1994 Los Angeles, California Thi conference, which consisted of many sessions, was very well attended. Keywords: gender; issues; race; sessions; sociology
• Islam and the Epistemic Politics of Gender: A Decolonial Moment by Naguib, Shuruq (2021.0) - I E T Y 3 8 : 1 - 2 Yet the thrust of feminist political and intellectual discourse since the 1970s not only universalized gender difference but made its being a central organizing principle inextricable from the analytical apparatus of gender theory. This stratagem, which she terms “biological foundationalism,” has allowed gender theory in its various inflections and permutations to hold the political claim about gender inequality and women’s condition of marginality as universal givens. Keywords: e e; e n; e r; gender; m e; s t; t e

• History and Jurisprudence of the Maqāṣid: A Critical Appraisal by Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2022.0) - Shaykh ‘Abd Allah Diraz (Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tijariyyah al-Kubra, n.d.), 2:393. 5 Cf., Mazin Muwaffaq Hashim, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: Madkhal ‘Umrānī (Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014/1435), 91. 6 Cf., Hasan Jabir, al-Maqāṣid al-Kulliyyah fi ḍaw’ Qirā’ah al-Manẓūmiyyah li’l-Qur’ān al-Karīm (Beirut: Dar al-Hiwar, 2011), 107; Hashim, Maqāṣid: Madkhal ‘Umrani, 108-109. Keywords: c e; e n; e r; fiqh; m e; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; n c; r n; sharī‘a; u r
• ajiss-459 by None (None) - However, this uncontested (inten- sive care) medical progress, which was fundamentally responsible not only for transplantation for the living but also for the deceased, is not enough to explain why brain death and postmortem organ transplantation became the center of attention at the beginning of the 1980s. The underlying question about being allowed to turn off the respirator due to a diagnosis of brain death had, in the western context, already led to the recognition that the actual question pointed in the opposite direction: Was it permissible to artifi- cially prolong the respiration and circulation of a person who had been declared dead due to the brain-death criteria in order to guarantee a medical- ly flawless organ harvest?7 Keywords: brain; brain death; context; daar; death; death criterion; decision; doctors; fiqh; ifa; islamic; journal; mwl; new; oic; organ; organ transplantation; transplantation

• Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in an Islamic Economy by Ebrahim, Muhammad S. (1992.0) - While a forward contract specifies the amount and delivery date, the uniqueness of its features means that the contract is not negotiable (i.e., there is no secondary market in forward contracts). 284 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:2 views and Comments Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in an Islamic Economy I would like to take this opportunity to respond to Muhammad Akram Khan’s article “Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in an Islamic Economy,” which appeared in the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (September 1988): 91-1l4. Keywords: contract; economy; islamic; khan
• A Dynamic Investment Model with Profit-Sharing in an Interest-Free Economy: Methodological Issues by Sattar, Zaidi (1991.0) - First, capital market equilibrium is analyzed as follows: Using the investment function: and taking total derivatives, we obtain: Using the condition dI = 0 for capital market equilibrium (CME), and equation (iii’ ) : which yields: dYI CME I2 Using equations (i’) and (ii’) coupled with (13) yields the result for goods market equilibrium (GME) Thus, in a partial equilibrium analysis of the goods and capital markets, fiscal policies appear to have the conventional impact on output, while expansionary fiscal policies help to raise the rate of profit-share in the economy and contractionary policies have the opposite effect. Keywords: capital; economy; equilibrium; investment; islamic; market; model; profit; rate
• Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in Islamic Economy by Khan, Muhammad Akram (1988.0) - Another cardinal principle of Islamic market is that each transaction must involve physical transfer of the commodity or its ownership to the buyer?Z The seller must also own a commodity or property before he can re-sell it?3 Thus, all those transactions in which mere paper transfers are made without any actual delivery of the commodity or stock are not covered by the Islamic law of the market?4 6. Futures markets are not the answer to these fluctuations. Keywords: commodity; delivery; economy; exchange; forward; futures; islamic; market; money; price; shares; speculators; stock; stock exchange; value

• Methodologies of Change in the Contemporary Islamic World: 12-14 Sha'ban 1414/24-26 January 1994 Kuwait City, Kuwait by DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal (1994.0) - Those pteSenting papers at the seminar included: 'Abd a1 Jalil al Gharaballi, Values Determining Economic Behavior in the Arab Gu& 'Ali Jumu'ah, The Philosophy of Change; Fahmi Jad'in, Islam and Change by Coercion; Tiiriq a1 Bishfi, The Historical Framework of Is- lamic Revival Movements; b d Sidqi al Dajj;Ini; M&ammad Abii a1 Qkim; Muhammad ' A e r a h , Secularist Criticisms of the Islamic Plan for Revival; Ja'far Shaykh Id&, Mubammad a1 RumayU, Values and Morals that Influence Culture in the Gu& Muhammad al Samtniik, The Role of Media in Influencing Culture and Belief in the Arab World; Abmad Buzabar, Modern Theories of Change and Islamic Thought; Wajlh KawtharM, Why Think of Malik Bennabi when Change is Men- tioned: Remembering, Forgetting, and Continuing in Arab Islamic Seminars, Cooferences, Addresses 271 Thought; Sadiq al 'lbadi, Change Methodology in Shi'i Thought; 'Abd al Latif, 'lbiidah, Change Methodologies of Contemporary Islamic Movements: Critical. Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Methodologies of Change in the Contemporary Islamic World 12-14 Sha'ban 1414 I 24-26 January 1994 Kuwait City, Kuwait llris seminar was the second in a series of seminars held jointly by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IDT) in cooperation with the Kuwaiti Department of Awqaf. Keywords: change; islamic

• The Third International Zakah Conference: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Shawwal 19-22, 1410/May 14-17, 1990 by Arif, Muhammad (1990.0) - The paper was an extensive analytical study of different models of Zakah systems being administered in various Muslim countries. The paper presented comparisons of different aspects of Zakah administration in various Muslim countries. Keywords: paper; session; zakah

• Islamic Political Identity in Turkey: By M. Hakan Yavuz (USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. 328 pages.) by Sheikh, Shiraz A. (2005.0) - Yavuz does a satisfactory job of presenting these movements as not reactionary, but rather as positive agents for Turkish society. All in all, Islamic Political Identity is an enlightening work that helps to extricate an important facet of Turkish society from the clutches of the prevailing media and state information sources that have misrepresented it for far too long. Keywords: movements; turkey; yavuz

• ajiss-522 by None (None) - Asma Afsaruddin is associate professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Notre Dame. Although the Qur'an does not mandate a specific form of gov­ ernment, it provides broad moral directives for sound pol itical governance. Keywords: leadership

• Globalization and Trans-nationalism by Willoughby, Jay (2006.0) - Does globalization mean Westernization and/or Americanization? He sees globalization as a win-win sit- uation, provided that a nation has the necessary “enabling conditions”: a highly educated workforce, the rule of law, and democratic institutions. Keywords: afghanistan; globalization; nationalism; south
• Review of Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local by Ca-lar Keyder, ed. (Lanham, MD.Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 201 pages) by Kalyoncu, Sevim Sabriye (2001.0) - Another negative aspect of the changes taking place in Istanbul, the unevenness of the development, is more common among global cities. Nevertheless, the changes in Istanbul are inadequate, according to Keyder, who describes an ambivalence towards urban entrepreneurship on the part of recent city leaders - especially those from the Islamist Welfare Book Reviews 161 Party - as preventing a more complete globalization. Keywords: city; globalization; istanbul; keyder

• An Islamic Perspective on the Expectancy-Valence Theory by Abdel-kawi, Ola; Kole, James (1991.0) - The most commonly used classification of motivation theories among organizational behavior scholars is the content and process theories (Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985). When Muslim scholars have discussed motivation theories, they have explained the Islamic perspective on the content approach. Keywords: expectancy; islamic; motivation; performance; process; rewards

• A Critique of Akhtar’s Model of an Economic Economy by Khan, Shujaat Ali (1994.0) - The Sources of Economic Growth in the U.S. and the AZternatives before Us. Domar, E. D. Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth. Keywords: akhtar; american; bounty; economic; growth; model

• European Trade and Colonial Conquest (vol. 1): By Biplab Dasgupta (London: Anthem Press, 2005. 398 pages.) by Abraham, Jose (2006.0) - The author also argues that territorial ambitions were integral to European trading in India from the beginning. He, therefore, com- ments that this is “less a book on pre-colonial Bengal” and more a book on European trade and colonial conquest (p. vii). Keywords: bengal; european; trade

• Inside the Nation of Islam: By Vibert L. White, Jr. (Gainesville, FL: Uni versity Press of Florida, 2001. 256 pages.) by Persaud, Natasha (2003.0) - 198 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Inside the Nation of Islam Vibert L. White, Jr. What he witnessed as he passed through the organization's rank and file compelled him to compile his experiences to give others a clearer understanding of the Nation's ori­ gins as well as its role concerning the issues facing African-Americans. Keywords: nation

• The Seminar on "The Sunnah and its Methodology for Structuring Knowledge and Civilization": Amman, Jordan Dhu al Qi'dah 15-18, 1409/June 19-22, 1989 by Jordan Office, AJISS - (1989.0) - The first included an overview of previous Sunnah conferences and seminars. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. I. 1989 191 Conferences/Seminars The Seminar on The Sunnah and its Methodology for Structuring Knowledge and Civilization Amman, Jordan Dhu al Qidah LS-18, 14()9/June 19-22, 1989 Keywords: islamic; seminar; sunnah

• Jannat: Paradise in Islamic Art Mumtaz Currim, ed. Mumbai: The Marg Foundation, 2012. 144 pages. by Gaber, Tammy (2014.0) - His excellent summary of the philosophical and cosmological concepts of par- adise in relation to the garden is followed by a clear account of the chahar bagh (quad-partite garden) and the Mughal legacy of gardens as microcosms of paradise. And yet the whole is a re- freshing look at the theme of jannat (paradise) in Islamic art and architecture in the Indian subcontinent. Keywords: art; essay; garden; mughal; paradise
• Islamic Art and the Museum: Approaches to Art and Archaeology of the Muslim World in the Twenty-First Century By Benoît Junod, Georges Khalil, Stefan Weber, and Gerhard Wolf, eds. (London: Saqi Books, 2012. 374 pages.) by Gaber, Tammy (2014.0) - For those who have visited Islamic art collections in museums, it is inter- esting and important to understand that there is an ongoing global dialogue, at least among historians and curators, regarding the methodologies of dis- playing Islamic art and the potential for greater cultural understanding and cooperation with other institutions. The forum offers a certain diversity of voices regarding issues in general (the display of Islamic art around the world) and specific to the MIA at the Pergamon Museum. Keywords: art; islamic; museum; papers; section
• The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival: By Yasser Tabbaa (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2001. 210 pages.) by Micallef, Daniel (2003.0) - These changes were paralleled by one of the most significant transformations of Islamic art and architecture. In discussing the book’s themes and the discourses of which it is a part, Tabbaa refutes the essentialist traditions of some Orientalists, art historians, and even aestheticians that, while having seemingly different intentions, all portray Islamic art as separate or divorced from its history. Keywords: abbasid; art; tabbaa

• Consumption Function in Islamic Economics by Mahdi, Syed Iqbal (2021.0) - (p. 2)1 Modern economic theory of consumer behavior do&e not assume any of the said premises given by Prof. Khan. In the modern economic theory of consumer behavior, utility is a subjective and psychological phenomenon and is not restricted to material benefits as contended by Prof. Khan. Keywords: consumer; khan

• Security Cooperation and Governance in Southeast Asia by Storey, Ian; Barton, Greg (2007.0) - • There is no clear evidence of global jihadi, such as the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), activity. there. This needs to be remembered while analyzing current and future JI links with MILF factions. Keywords: malay; security; southeast

• ISIS: A History By Fawaz A. Gerges (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. 384 pages.) by Marthinsen, Grant (2018.0) - Gerges postulates that Ayman al-Zawahiri, the current leader of al-Qaeda, is biding his time until the ferocity of IS plays itself out and the group’s territory is stripped away. He writes that IS itself can and should be considered the direct progeny of al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which is clear for those who trace the organization’s lineage, and argues that the fragmentation of Iraq after the 2003 invasion allowed the group to flourish (first as AQI and then as IS). Keywords: gerges; group

• Mediterranean Architecture by Gaber, Tammy (2004.0) - The following themes were discussed: the social impact on Mediterranean architecture, technology and crafts, urbanism and development, landscape and environ- ment, trends in current architecture, and heritage conservation. Papers explored ideas of cultural identity in architecture, vernacular approaches of particular areas of the basin, and even questioned the term Mediterranean architecture itself as being authentic or mythical. Keywords: architecture; mediterranean; university
• Multiple layers: The Aga Khan Museum and Complex by Gaber, Tammy (2015.0) - The Collection and Hub of Activities The AKM’s permanent collection has its roots in Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan’s collection, which he began during the 1950s while studying at Harvard. Multiple layers: The Aga Khan Museum and Complex Tammy Gaber To appreciate North York’s newly opened Aga Khan Museum (AKM), one must first understand its patron, as this undertaking is only the most recent in a long line of proactive institutions and projects initiated by the Aga Khan all over the world. Keywords: aga khan; akm; architecture; collection; islamic; khan museum; light; museum

• The Last Jews of Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland by Nissim Rejwan (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. 268 pages.) by Monaghan, Sean (2008.0) - Yet their centuries- long presence was such that, as the author notes, for those Jews who were born and grew up in Baghdad before the mass exodus of 1950-51, the pres- ence of a mere handful of elderly Jews in the city today is “a state of affairs [that] is hard to imagine” (p. 1). “It is all but impossible to pinpoint a date or an event with which the position of the Jews of Iraq began to deteriorate and take the course leading finally, Book Reviews 121 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk inevitably, to the destruction of community,” writes Nissim Rejwan near the end of his memoir The Last Jews of Baghdad (p. 188). Keywords: jews; rejwan
• Israel and Palestine out of the Ashes: The Search for Jewish Identity in the Twenty-First Century by Marc H. Ellis (London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 2002. 198 pages.) by Nestel, Sheryl (2004.0) - In his most recent book, Israel and Palestine out of the Ashes, Jewish theologian Marc Ellis posits a more deeply consequential connection between Jewish history, Jewish ethics, and the occupation. Since the outbreak of the second Intifada in September 2000, however, Jewish anti-occupation activists have become a visible political presence in Jewish politics in the United States and Canada. Keywords: ellis; israel; jews

• Foreigners and Their Food: Constructing Otherness in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Law By David M. Freidenreich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. 325 pages.) by Afridi, Mehnaz M. (2012.0) - Furthermore, he provides an invaluable resource not only for scholars seeking to delve deeply into more distinct contexts of food laws, but also how these laws create cate- gorical imaginings of one another as “other.” Mehnaz M. Afridi Assistant Professor of Religious Studies Director, Holocaust, Genocide, and Interfaith Education Center Manhattan College, Bronx, NY Book Reviews 95 ajiss294_ajiss 8/14/2012 12:42 PM The new edition of Pierre Birnbaum’s Le Peuple et Les Gros, under the title Genèse du Populisme (Hachette Pluriel: 2012) ex- plores how eating pork in Paris and other cities can be read as a sign of identity crisis in French society, as a way of excluding from the public space those who are different, in this case Jews and/or Muslims who follow dietary laws forbidding its consumption. Keywords: analysis; food; laws

• Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition: Ethics, Law, and the Muslim Discourse on gender by Ayesha S. Chaudhry (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 258 pages.) by Mavani, Hamid (2015.0) - The first part exam- ines pre-colonial exegetes and jurists’ understanding of the Q. 4:34 by relying on Arabic sources, and the second explores post-colonial scholars who have written in Arabic, Urdu, and English. The author appears to be overly optimistic and surmises that pre-colonial methodologies have a built-in elasticity to make room for creative and novel interpretations (p.74). Keywords: chaudhry; verse; wife
• The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary by Bauer, Karen (2017.0) - See especially chapter 2 (on modern interpretations of Q. 2:282), chapter 4 (on modern interpretations of Q. 4:1), and chapter 6 (on modern interpretations of Q. 4:34). Like other modern conservative interpreters, Dakake agrees with the hierarchy between the sexes that the verse establishes in its opening (“men are qawwāmūn…”), which is in line with the precedent established in the com- mentaries that she cites (here she relies mostly on al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi, but also mentions Ibn Kathir, al-Tabrisi, al-Zamakhshari, and others). Keywords: commentary; verse

• ajiss-519 by None (None) - She has published many books and articles on women·s issues and Islamic political thought. Nationalism, which emerged and spread in the West with such charac­ teristics, also penetrated the Muslim ummah and shattered its unity and integrity.2 Muslim scholars in the Arab world,3 Turkey,4 and the Indian sub- Zeenatb Kausar is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (KIRKHS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Keywords: nationalism

• Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity By Faisal Devji (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2005. 164 pages.) by Hartmann, Noga (2007.0) - One has to remember that jihad movements appeared cen- turies before the globalization and anti-globalization movements. Devji’s final assertion (pp. 163-64), that Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri are real revolutionaries, is odd. Keywords: devji; jihad

• Formations of the Secular: By Talal Asad (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. 269 pages.) by Sabet, Amr G. E. (2006.0) - His purpose here is to counter the impression that secular political practices sim- ulate religious ones by arguing that the sacred and the secular depend upon each other, rather than one coming after the other (p. 26). According to the author, secularism is more than a mere separation of religious from secular institutions of government, for it presupposes new concepts of religion, ethics, and politics; as well as the new imperatives associated with them, and is closely linked to the emergence of the mod- ern nation-state (pp. 1-2). Keywords: secular; secularism

• Toward the Full Inclusion of Muslim Women in the Ummah: An Activist's Perspective by Bullock, Katherine (2002.0) - Defining Full Inclusion in the Ummah: Equity in Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil The three main criteria for a person to be fully included in a community are: Katherine Bullock received her PhD in polit ical science from the University of Toronto in 1999. Toward the Full Inclusion of Muslim Women in the Ummah: An Activist's Perspective Katherine Bullock Abstract This paper outlines some of the challenges that prevent Muslim women from becoming full members of the Ummah. Keywords: paper

• Islamic Historiography: By Chase F. Robinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 264 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2004.0) - In part because of such works, many earlier historical monographs, including the works of such historians as Abu Mikhnaf and al-Mada’ini, were abandoned by the tra- dition as unnecessary. Islamic historians wrote within a theocentric ideological framework. Keywords: historians; islamic; works
• The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia: By Seyyed Hossein Nasr, edited by Mehdi Amin Razavi. Surrey: Curzon Press, I 996, 375 pp. by Kubba, Laith (1998.0) - The essays highlight Nasr's pro­ lific and learned scholarship on the development of Islamic philosophy and illuminate many aspects of the rich philosophical traditions in Islamic Persia and its history. In his review of Islamic thought in modem Iran, Nasr concludes that Islamic philos- ophy continues today as a living tradition in Persia and represents one of the most pre- cious aspects of the intellectual heritage of Islamic philosophy at large. Keywords: islamic; nasr; persia; philosophers; works
• Gendered Morality: Classical Islamic Ethics of the Self, Family, and Society by Zahra Ayubi by Katz, Marion Holmes (2020.0) - Nevertheless, the ideal “ethical mascu- linity” constructed in these works is defined in contrast with undisciplined and violent “hegemonic masculinity,” such that “akhlāq texts provide a cor- rective discourse against unethical activities that were perceived as manly in premodern Muslim societies” (64, 65). Ayubi’s work offers a welcome corrective to the existing literature’s disproportionate fiqh-centric and Arabo-centric emphases by focusing on three influential works of pre-modern Islamic ethics, all of them written in Persian: Ghazālī’s Kīmiyā’-ī Sa‘ādat (The Alchemy of Happiness), Naṣīr 134 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī (Nasirean Ethics), and Jalāl al-Dīn Davānī’s Lawāmi‘ al-Ishrāq fī Makārim al-Akhlāq (also known as Akhlāq-i Jalāli, Jalalean Ethics). Keywords: akhlāq; ayubi; texts; works

• Business and Accounting Ethics in Islam: By Trevor Gambling and Rifaat Ahmed Abdel Karim. London: Mansell, 1991, 152 pp. by Khan, Muhammad Akram (1992.0) - Lastly, the authors have not been careful in transliterating Islamic terms. However, the related theory of incorporation, the legal mechanism for justifying limited liability, is found in Islamic societies. Keywords: accounting; business; islamic

• Dictionary of Qur'anic Terms and Concepts: By Mustansir Mir. New York: Garland Publishing, 1987, 244pp. by Taher, Mohamed (1991.0) - Though this book has covered mainly Qur’anic terms and concepts, it has admittedly entered into the field of non-Qur’anic terms. The dictionary is arranged in alphabetical form by terms/concepts. Keywords: dictionary; reference; terms

• İslam ve Toplum Araştırmaları, Amerika Dergisi (AJIS) Hakkında by Nuriler, Hatice (2024.0) - Derginin ilk sayısı, 1984 yılında merhum Dr. Abdülhamid Ebu Süleyman, Dr. Sulayman S. Nyang ve Dr. Mumtaz Ahmad gibi değerli isimlerin öncülü- ğünde, American Journal of Islamic Studies (İslam Çalışmaları Dergisi, Ame- rika, AJIS) adıyla Amerika Müslüman Sosyal Bilimciler Derneği (Association of Muslim Social Scientists, AMSS) Bu metinde, küreselleşme son- rası bir safha olarak görülen “Küreselleşmeden Uzaklaşma (deglobalization)” Keywords: ajis; akademik; amerika; araştırmaları; bir; dergisi; farklı; i̇slam; olarak; toplum
• Makâsıd’ın Tarihçesi ve Hukuki Gelişimi: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme by Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2024.0) - Kedisini ölene kadar direğe bağlayarak aç bırakan bir kadın için şiddetli bir ceza uyarısı, çölde susuzluktan ölmek üzere olan bir köpeğin hayatını kurtaran adam içinse büyük bir ödül (cennete giriş) vaadi vardır. Bu ifadeler aynı zamanda eğit- me amacı veya okuyanlar ve dinleyenler üzerinde bir etki uyandırma amacı da taşıyor olabilir.[26] Yukarıdakilerden de anlaşılacağı üzere, daha düşük seviyedeki bir gaye ve amaç, zorlayıcı ve hayati tehlike durumlarında olağandışı bir şekilde daha yük- sek bir dereceye yükselebilir. Keywords: amaç; ancak; aynı; ayrıca; açık; bazı; başka; belirli; beş; bir; biri; bkz; bunların; büyük; daha; değer; değildir; dolayısıyla; ebû; eder; ele; fakat; farklı; fıkhın; fıkıh; gaye; genel; geniş; geçerli; gibi; göre; hem; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; insan; ise; iyi; için; içtihat; i̇bn; i̇slam; karadâvî; kesin; konusu; konusunda; kur’an; makâsıd; makâsıdü’ş; makâsıdın; metnin; mevcut; miras; müslüman; olan; olarak; olduğu; olduğunu; ortadan; söz; tarafından; temel; teymiyye; tüm; usûl; vardır; veya; yardımcı; yeni; yer; zaman; çok; ölçüde; önemli; örneğin; şekilde; şeriatın; şâtıbî
• ajiss-3931 by None (None) - Yazar bir çözüm yöntemi olarak bölge- deki arabuluculuk ve hakemlik süreçlerinin dini değerlere uygun bir şekilde yapılması amacıyla ortaya çıkan mekanizmaları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Malik Bedri, !slami psikolojinin öncüsü olarak sadece alanında özgün katkılar sunmakla kalmamış, fikirleriyle küresel çapta toplum- sal dönüşümlere de vesile olmuştur. Keywords: ahlaki; bir; olarak; slam

• Secularization and Tradition In Four Arab Countries: A Comparative Content Analysis of Reading Textbooks by Yahya, Hasan A. (1986.0) - The majority of the lessons represented situations outside of the home in the Jordan/Syrian, Libyan, and Saudi Male texts. = .OOO4 *Significant at the alpha = .05 level Table D Chi Square Analysis of the Relationship between Gender Content and Male or Female Text in the Pictures of Saudi Arabia Second Grade Texts Male Content Female Content Total Male Text 19 3 22 Female Text 10 9 19 Total 29 12 41 Chi Square =5.47 Probability = .02 *Significant at the alpha = .05 level The Saudi texts were examined for relationship between gender and religious oriented content in the titles and the pictures. Keywords: content; female; male; saudi
• ajiss-489 by None (None) - In Chapters Two and Three, Thurston traces the history of Nigerian and other African students in Saudi Arabia, which significantly expanded following the 1961 founding of the Islamic University of Medina (which remains the preeminent Salafi seminary and university in the world) and after active outreach across the Sunni Muslim world by the Saudi govern- ment and Salafi religious elite to attract students through lucrative funding and scholarship packages. In navigating the multi-po- lar and complex realm of national and regional politics, Thurston argues, Nigerian Salafi scholars educated in Saudi Arabia unwittingly opened the door to cruder and more extreme, militant voices of figures lacking the same level of study of the Salafi canon or Sunni Islam generally. Keywords: canon; islamic; nigerian; salafi; salafism; saudi

• The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era by Resul Yalcin (UK: Ithaca Press, 2002. 349 pages.) by Mesamed, Vladimir (2005.0) - However, as Bogdan Szajkowski’s “Foreword” suggests, the author conducted his research with an acute and critical eye for facts and details (p. ix), which makes this book the first truly comprehensive study of contemporary Uzbekistan. The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era Resul Yalcin UK: Ithaca Press, 2002. Keywords: party; soviet; uzbekistan

• After Khomeini: Iran under His Successors By Said Amir Arjomand (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 268 pages.) by Hojati, Afshin (2010.0) - According to the author, the greatest misconception about post-revolutionary Iran is the notion that the revolution ended with the establishment of a “Brinton- ian” Thermidor through the rise to power of the pragmatist president Hashemi-Rafsanjani (1989-97) and/or the reformist president Khatami (1997-2005). Drawing on the sociology of revolution, Arjomand’s book is set on explaining the political developments of Iran and its rollercoaster-like domestic and foreign policy realities during the past two decades. Keywords: clerical; islamic; revolution
• Turabi’s Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan By Abdelwahab El-Affendi. Turabi's Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan. London: Grey Seal, 1991, 208pp. by El-Affendi, Abdelwahab (1992.0) - With the suspen- sion of elections in Algeria and the denial of political participation to Islamist groups in Tunisia, as well as the establishment of an Islamically committed regime in Sudan, questions of the nature of an Islamized political system in the context of the contemporary world have increasing importance. Book Review Turabi’s Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan L3y Abdelwahab El-mendi. Keywords: revolution; sudan; turabi
• Indonesia’s Islamic Revolution (by Kevin Fogg) by Aljunied, Khairudin (2021.0) - Indeed, Indonesian Islamic revolutionaries, much like their Iranian coun- terparts, were not always effective in the face of a technologically and strategically superior power. His study moves away from the locally-oriented research on Islamic revolutionary movements operating in differ- ent islands of the Indonesian archipelago to make a compelling case for a national-level analysis. Keywords: fogg; indonesian; islamic; revolution

• ajiss-480 by None (None) - Some 20 years ago I encountered the academic study of Islam primarily 84 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:4 through reading the books of Professor Fazlur Rahman (including the ‘Serbo-Croatian’ translation of his book Islam) all of which left a deep and indelible impression on me both as a Muslim and as an aspiring academic. Drawing upon Rahman’s work Revival and Reform and Islam and Modernity in particular, Ahmed in the second chapter examines Rahman’s thinking on the issues pertaining to the emergence and the development of Islamic theology (kalām) and the major debates that have animated them (e.g., islām and īmān; qadar and jabr, irjā’, al-ḥusn wa-l-qubh) and the role of the major theological groups and scholars in the development of Sunni theology during the formative and post-formative stages of kalām and up to the modern period. Keywords: ahmed; islamic; rahman

• Losing Control: Global Security in the Twenty-first Century by Paul Rogers (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2002. 2d. ed., 184 pages.) by Kabba, Munya G. (2004.0) - Its specialization is in the subfield of international security, with a critique of the realist par- adigm – or power and control orientation in international politics. In short, what Rogers sees as replacing the old paradox (the cold war) for the present one (“violent peace”) is actually a continuation of 134 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3 Book Reviews 135 the same strategic logic in international politics: Both paradoxes emphasize the armed resolution of conflict. Keywords: paradigm; rogers; security

• The Qu'ran Manuscripts in the al-Haram al-Sharif Islamic Museum, Jerusalem: By Khader Salameh (Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 2001. 190 pages.) by Stewart, Devin (2003.0) - Founded in 1922 and moved to al-Haram al-Sharif in 1929, the Islamic Museum in Jerusalem houses artifacts covering nearly all oflslamic his­ tory and originating in North Africa, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The collection includes many exquisite pieces: Umayyad floral woodwork panels from the al-Aqsa Mosque, a striking glass mosque lamp of the Mamluk amir Tankiz from Hebron, and the salvaged remains of Nur al-Din's pulpit, built in Aleppo in 564/1168 and brought to the Aqsa Mosque in 583/1187 by Salah al-Din after his conquest of Jerusalem. Keywords: museum; qur'an
• History Testifies to the Infallibility of the Qur'an: Early History of the Children of Israel by Louay Fatoohi and Shetha al-Dargazelli (Delhi: Adam Publishers and Distributors, 1999. 265 pages.) by Wheeler, Brannon (2002.0) - Dr. Fatoohi and Prof. al-Dargazelli have produced an intriguing and far­ reaching comparison of the Bible and the Qur' an relating to Moses and the Israelites. Book Reviews 145 History Testifies to the Infallibility of the Qur'an: Early History of the Children of Israel Louay Fatoohi and Shetha al-Dargazelli Delhi: Adam Publishers and Distributors, 1999. 265 pages. Keywords: qur'an

• The Scope of Taqlid by al 'Alwani, Taha J. (1992.0) - The exchange of such knowledge will go a long way towards encouraging and reinforcing the whole pmcess of ijtihad. See al Suyiiti, a1 Fath al Kah?, vol. II, 213. of d Husajk ibn 'Aliby al TabarM in Mu bm a1 SaghP and by al Khatib 384 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:3 A closely related issue is what mighi be called the mle of the non-Shanah Specialist (d ' h m i ) vis-g-vis ijtihad Keywords: ijtihad; nonspecialist; taqlid
• ajiss-520 by None (None) - In his introduction, Joseph Schacht asserted that Islamic law is no longer relevant to modern life, due to its inflexibility and consequent inability to meet the constant changes therein. At the time of the classical jurists, although the nature of the system was the same, those involved in legal matters found a remedy for Islamic Aznan Hasan has a B.A. (Hons.) from al-Azhar, an M .A. from Cairo University, and is cur­ rently working on hi s Ph.D. in Islamic law at the University of Wales, Lampeter, England. Keywords: ijtihad

• Stolen Youth: The Politics of Israel’s Detention of Palestinian Children by Catherine Cook, Adam Hanieh, and Adah Kay (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, in association with Defence for Children International: Palestine Section, 2004. 197 pages.) by Gandolfo, K. Luisa (2006.0) - The subject of child detention is fraught with complexities of both a legal and an emotional nature, particularly when placed in the context of conflict. For many children, the nightmare begins before they even enter the courtroom. Keywords: child; children; court

• The Legacy of Isma`il Raji al-Faruqi: Thought and Institution by Ibrahim, Zakyi (2010.0) - John Esposito and John Voll write of a certain Christian acquaintance of al-Faruqi lamenting the latter’s aspiration to become the “Luther” of Islam, believing that it is in dire need of reformation. This con- sideration guaranteed al-Faruqi a prominent slot in their “Makers of Con- temporary Islam” (2001). Keywords: faruqi; islamic; university

• The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East: Northern Lebanon from Al-Qaeda to ISIS By Bernard Rougier (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.259 pages.) by Anzalone, Christopher (2017.0) - Rougier argues that the contentious political disputes and competition among the country’s mainstream Sunni political figures (e.g., the al-Hariri family), as well as the impact of Syrian control of large parts of Lebanon be- tween 1976 and 2005 and ensuing power vacuum after its withdrawal, enabled the emergence of jihadi militancy. Initially Book Reviews 113 ajiss34-1_ajiss 1/23/2017 11:56 AM Page 113 al-Hariri, backed by Saudi Arabia, actively supported the anti-Asad opposition and worked to keep a channel open from Lebanon into Syria, specifically the governorate of Homs, in order to support the Syrian rebel forces located there. Keywords: country; lebanon; rougier; sunni

• Prospects and Dimensions of Conflict Resolution Programs in the Islamic Context by Willoughby, Jay (2013.0) - Prospects and Dimensions of Conflict Resolution Programs in the Islamic Context Amr Abdalla (professor and vice rector, University for Peace, San Jose, Costa Rica) visited the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) on February 1, 2013, to discuss the challenges of conflict resolution and peace that has caught the attention of so many Muslim and non-Muslim scholars and poli- cymakers for several decades. The outbreak of the Arab Spring, which has resulted in several Islamist groups taking power, has raised various questions: Why is it important to talk 150 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:2 about conflict resolution and peace building in an Islamic context? Keywords: conflict; islamic; resolution
• Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal: Comments by Haase, Dwight (2017.0) - But as David Harvey notes in A Brief History of Neoliberalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), we need to think of neoliberalism not only as an ideology, but also as an agenda. Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal: Comments Dwight Haase When I was asked to review this piece for AJISS, I was excited to see scholarly work relating the Palestinian-Israeli conflict to neoliberalism. Keywords: conflict; neoliberalism

• Islam and Support for Gender Inequality among Women in Turkey: Comparing Attitudes across Institutional Contexts by Bartkowski, John; Acevedo, Gabriel; Karakeci, Gulcimen; Campbell, Favor (2018.0) - We hypothesize that religious devo- tion among Muslim women in Turkey circa the year 2000 will be associated with greater support for gender inequality across several institutional domains, namely, family, education, the workplace, and politics. In addition, we anticipate that as women move across Dr. John P. Bartkowski (Ph.D., Sociology, University of Texas-Austin, 1997) is Pro- fessor of Sociology at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). Keywords: sociology
• Social Sciences in Crisis: A Dialogue with Professor Neil Smelser on the Future of Social Sciences by Dhaouadi, Mahmoud (2002.0) - Interview Social Sciences in Crisis: A Dialogue with Professor Neil Smelser on the Future of Social Sciences Professor Mahmoud Dhaouadi is a sociologist at the University of Tunis, Tunisia. Realistically, I think that sociology can probably be best compared with political science, in the sense that it is solidly established in the university system, so its organization is solid and its professional association is solid. Keywords: sociology

• Al-Ghazali’s Unspeakable Doctrine of the Soul: Unveiling the Esoteric Psychology and Eschatology of the Ihya’ by Timothy Gianotti (Leiden: Brill, 2001. 205 pages.) by Khalil, Atif (2006.0) - David Burrel, the noted historian of medieval philosophy, claims that we are “indebted to Timothy Gianotti for outlining Ghazali’s way so dramatically” (Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies, 179.4 [2004]: 1074-75). Gianotti’s purpose behind this monograph is to draw out Ghazali’s position on the vexed question of the true nature of the soul and its state in the after- life. Keywords: ghazali; gianotti; soul
• Epistles of the Brethren of Purity: Sciences of the Soul and Intellect Part I. An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 32-36 By Paul E. Walker, Ismail K. Poonawala and David Simonowitz, Godefroid de Callatay, eds./trans. (Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2016. 434 pages.) by Rizvi, Sajjad (2016.0) - Dualism is thus present here, as is the sense of the Platonic theory of the pre-existence of human souls prior to the body that was rejected by most of the classical Islamic philosophers. The next four chapters examine the universal soul and its relationship with individual human souls and its effect upon them in conjunction with the spheres, and hence there is an implicit connection to astrology amid talk of “governing” powers of the soul or angels that affect individual souls. Keywords: brethren; epistle; intellect; soul

• Al-Ghazālī’s Moderation in Belief: By Alladin M. Yaqub, trans. (with an interpretive essay and notes) (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2014. 344 pages.) by McBrayer, Gregory A.; El-Rayes, Waseem (2015.0) - Those interested in the history of political thought, especially medieval or Islamic, could benefit from reading al-Ghazali’s reflections on more strictly theological matters in order to see how or to what extent al-Ghazali’s theolog- ical views relate to his political thought. In addition to introducing and explaining al-Ghazali’s thought, Yaqub provides the reader with the req- uisite background knowledge, situates al-Ghazali’s thought within the dominant theological disputes of his day, and relates how al-Ghazali’s thought explicates an aspect of Asharite theology. Keywords: ghazali; translation; yaqub
• Between Reason and Revelation: Twin Wisdoms Reconciled. An Annotated English Translation of Nasir-i Khusraw’s Kitāb-i Jāmi‘ al-Ḥikmatayn By Eric Ormsby, trans. (London and New York: I.B. Tauris in association the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2012. 292 pages.) by Richmond, Joel (2014.0) - At a moment when biographical studies of Nasir have reached a peak, the future study and translation of his philosophy, cosmology, and poetry should continue to receive primary focus and prominence within the secondary literature. The context is a reply to the amīr of Badakhshan, Abu al-Ma‘ali ‘Ali ibn al-Asad (reign 462/1069), who had re- quested Nasir to explain Abu al-Haytham Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Jurjani’s (d. 10th century) philosophical qaṣīdah. Keywords: isma‘ili; nasir; translation
• The Conference of the Birds: The Selected Sufi Poetry of Farid ud-Din Attar by Raficq Abdulla (Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2003. 93 pages.) by Lingwood, Chad G. (2005.0) - The most dramatic expression in all of Persian mystical literature of this spiritual journey is the allegorical poem Mantiq al-Tair (best translated as “The Speech of the Birds”) by Farid al-Din `Attar (d. 627/1229), which recounts the initiatory voyage of a group of birds through seven valleys to the palace of the mythical king-bird Simurgh, symbol of the Divine, enthroned atop the cosmic mountain Qaf. Literal translation: Without thinking (bi tafakkur) Keywords: abdulla; attar; birds; translation
• Towards Understanding the Qur'an Translation of Mawdudi's Tafhim al-Qur'an: By Zafar Ishaq Ansari. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 1988/1408 (Vol. /), 1989/1409 (Vol. 2) by Mir, Mustansir (1990.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. 2, 1990 Book Review Towards Understanding the Qur'an Translation of Mawducu's Tajhim al-Qur'an 257 By 7.afar Ishaq Ansari. Mawdiidfs multi-volume Tajhim al-Quran is a major Qur'an commentary of the twentieth century. Keywords: translation; vol
• The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad: Forty Sacred Sayings by John Andrew Morrow (Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2015. 282 pages.) by Abbas, Shabbir A. (2017.0) - Morrow begins by writing a preface that presents an excellent short discussion on al- aḥādīth al-qudsīyah; however, it is too academic for laypeople to understand. The first volume, Kalimat Allāh, is a compilation of al-aḥādīth al-qudsīyah, which are not considered part of the Qur’an. Keywords: morrow; translation

• Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad: Von Galizien nach Arabien 1900-1927 by Gunther Windhager (Wein, Austria: Bohlau Verlag, 2002. 230 pages.) by Hofmann , Murad Wilfried (2002.0) - Rachel Weiss) under Nazism, and Asad's attempts to save them from the concentration camps; his days at Vienna University, where he not only studied the history of art and philosophy but Book Reviews 143 Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad: Von Galizien nach Arabien 1900-1927 Gunther Windhager Wein, Austria: Bohlau Verlag, 2002. Keywords: asad; weiss

• Islamic Banking : By Mervyn K Lewis and Latifa M Algaoud (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2001. 274 pages.) by Anwar, Muhammad (2003.0) - Islamic Banking is an outstanding example of collaboration among Muslim and non-Muslim scholars interested in integrating Western-based literature with that developed in the Islamic tradition. The book's main themes are Christian and Islamic positions on usurylriba' (chapter 8); the foundations (chapters 2 and 3), theories (chapter 5), application (chapters 5, 6, 7, and 9), and progress (chapters I and 9) of Islamic banking; and an analysis of Islamic banking in light of Keywords: banking
• The Importance of Murabaha in Long-Term Finance Programs in the Islamic Banking Industry by Ashour, Yousif (1999.0) - Since the start of the Islamic banking industry many questions have been raised about Islamic finance policies used by Islamic banks and their long-term finance programs. The questions normally are concentrated on whether Islamic banks should use rnurabaha in their finance, and whether Islamic banks heavily depend on it in their finance. Keywords: banking; banks; finance programs; industry; islamic; murabaha; programs; term finance; use

• Dr. Jamal Barzinji: 1939-2015 by Family, IIIT (2015.0) - Obituary Dr. Jamal Barzinji: 1939-2015 It is with deep sadness that the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) announces the passing of Dr. Jamal Barzinji, its pres- ident and founding member, on Saturday, September 26, 2015, after a long-standing illness. May Allah be pleased with Dr. Jamal Barzinji and shower His blessings and mercy upon him, thereby making it easier for those he has left behind to bear the sorrow of his absence. Keywords: barzinji; iiit; islamic

• Persian Love Poetry: By Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis and Sheila R. Canby, eds. (Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Books, 2006. 96 pages.) by Armani, David; Gormley, Louise (2008.0) - Their aim is not to produce a well-researched and exhaustive collection of Persian love poetry, but rather “to encourage readers to delve further into the wealth of Persian literature” (p. 5). This little book is a beguiling collection of Persian love poems drawn from both classical and modern poetry, but united by the theme of love in its myr- iad interpretations. Keywords: love; persian; poetry
• Intellectuals and the State in Iran: Politics, Discourse, and the Dilemma of Authenticity by Negin Nabavi (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003. 221 pages.) by Asgharzadeh, Alireza (2004.0) - As a result, such intellectuals as Samad Behrangi are not even discussed. Here she explores the emergence of what she calls “the Third-Worldist intellectual” and the cooptation of a great number of intellectuals by the Pahlavi regime . Keywords: intellectuals; nabavi; persian
• Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary By Rajeev Kinra (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. 371 pages.) by Fani, Aria (2016.0) - Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary Rajeev Kinra Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. 371 pages. Throughout his career, Chandar Bhan formed relationships with Mughal officials and other munshis. Keywords: bhan; chandar; kinra; mughal; persian
• The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory, and Conversion By Sarah Bowen Savant (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 277pages.) by Alavi, Samad (2015.0) - Relying primarily on texts by Abu al-Shahykh al-Isfahani and Abu Nu‘aym al-Isfahani, Savant reveals how this later generation of biogra- phers depicted Isfahan as a center of Islamic civilization and ascribed special importance to the well-known Pleiades Hadith as evidence of the Persians’ leading role in Islamic history. Chapter 4, “Reforming Iranians’ Memories of Pre-Islamic Times,” con- siders three editorial strategies by which traditionists omitted or diminished knowledge of the Persians’ pre-Islamic past: (1) writers like al-Biruni, al- Ghazali, and Firdawsi rewrote the Persians’ universal histories as local accounts (e.g., one people’s version of the past), which undermined their authority by anthologizing them among groups or emphasizing their specificity to the Per- sians and their supersession by Islam; (2) erasing national or ethnic lines in pre-Islamic history. Keywords: islamic; persian; savant

• Modern Islamist Movements: History, Religion, and Politics By Jon Armajani (Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 233 pages.) by Cory, Stephen (2013.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:4 ajiss304-special-issue_ajiss 8/16/2013 9:23 AM Page 112 as Bin Laden and other al-Qaida leaders have claimed. However, his use of chapter divisions titled with the names of different countries seems a bit artificial, since these chapters focus more on the particular individuals and movements associated with the rise of al-Qaida than with a comprehensive discussion of Islamist movements within the specific countries in question. Keywords: islamist; qaida

• Equity Participation Contracts and Investment: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results by Bashir, Abdel-Hamid M. (1992.0) - The empirical results concur with the underlying theoretical model in that the profit-sharing ratio, in particular, plays a stimulative Bashir and Darrat: Equity Participation Contracts and Investment 231 and highly significant role in determining the level of investment in the context of profit-loss sharing contracts. Moreover, since X (the profit-sharing ratio) is set by bargaining, a higher X could motivate the investor to increase hidher equity contribution. Keywords: capital; entrepreneur; equity; investment; investor; profit; project; sharing
• Net Working Capital versus Net Owner's Equity Approaches to Computing Zakatable Amount: A Conceptual Comparison and Application by El-Badawi, Mohamed H.; Al-Sultan, Sultan M. (1992.0) - From the above, it is clear that the mingling of fund sources (equity, long-term and short-term financing) and the application of funds (current assets which include trade assets and long-term assets not subject to zakah) lead to difkrences between net working capital and growing capital. Net working capital at the end of the year equals growing capital if there is no financing of current accounts by noncurrent liabilities (transaction type 1) and no financing of noncurrent assets, noncurrent liabilities, or owner’s equity through current liabilities (transaction type 2). Keywords: assets; capital; debt; net; term; trade; working; year; zakah; zakatable

• Sarakhsi’s Doctrine of Juristic Preference (Istihsan) as a Methodological Approach Toward Worldly Affairs (Ahkam al-Dunya) by Kassim, Husain (1988.0) - cit., Us13 al-Sarakhsi, pp. Cit., Usiil al-Sarakhsi, p. 203. Keywords: cairo; case; doctrine; edition; evidence; illa; judgment; preference; qiyiis; reasoning; sarakhsi; vol

• Modernist and Fundamentalist Debates in Islam: A Reader by Mansoor Moaddel and Kamran Talattof, eds. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 382 pages.) by Afzaal, Ahmed (2004.0) - For the purpose of organizing this anthology, the editors chose to highlight what they describe as two “episodes” in modern Islam: the powerful wave of Islamic modernism that arose in the last quarter of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth centuries, and the per- haps more powerful wave of Islamic fundamentalism that arose from the 1930s onward. As ideal types, however, the editors believe that Islamic modernism and fundamentalism may be identified on the basis of positions taken by specific intellectuals or ideologues on five central and “historically sig- nificant” issues: jurisprudence, politics, western civilization, gender, and lifestyle. Keywords: fundamentalism; islamic; modernist
• Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel : By Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky (London: Pluto Press, 1999. 149 pages.) by Jafri, Gul Joya (2002.0) - In their book Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, Shahak and Mezvinsky document the nature of Jewish fundamentalism and argue that it is a grow­ ing threat to Israeli society. As such, this is a fascinating, informative, and easy-to-read book for anyone interested in Israeli politics, Judaism, and its relation to Israeli poli­ cies toward Palestine. Keywords: fundamentalism
• Enemy in the Mirror: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Limits of Modern Rationalism: A Work of Comparative Political Theory by Roxanne L. Euben (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1999. 239 pages.) by Bemhardsson, Magnus T. (2002.0) - People with little or no training in Islamic studies have been paraded in front of viewers and readers presenting useless, and at times mindless, commentary on Islamic theology and fundamentalism. In recent months, the media has been saturated with endless discussions on Islamic fundamentalism. Keywords: fundamentalism

• Guiding Light: Selections from the Holy Qur’an by AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid (1988.0) - In all these cases, the Qur’iin shows us the importance of such terms and the positive and negative ways they are used. In the above verses and many others, we find other terms of similar meaning and dimensions. Keywords: term; use

• Medieval Islamic Medicine: By Peter E. Pormann and Emilie Savage-Smith (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2007. 223 pages.) by Varisco, Daniel Martin (2008.0) - A valuable part of the book is the final chapter on the continuance of Islamic medical practices and texts through to the modern era. One of the acknowledged contributions to late medieval western education was the tradition of Islamic medicine, both for its role in preserving earlier Greek medical knowledge and, as the authors of this book demonstrate, for innovative and creative advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Keywords: authors; islamic; medicine
• ajiss-546 by None (None) - This might lead to a smaller number of engineers qua engineers, and thus affect the validity of the authors’ claim about an overrepresentation of engi- neers in the samples from the Middle East. The dichotomy is undergirded by the notion that—whether en- gineering conditions engineers to act in particular ways, or engineers are born with a certain mindset—engineers possess certain traits, which lead them to do some things rather than others. Keywords: authors; engineers

• Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America: Case Study of A Muslim Subgroup by Ghayur, Arif (2021.0) - In 1983, close to three billion dollars were sent by overseas Pakistanis to their country.4 Research Notes Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America: Case Study of A Muslim Subgroup A&f Ghayur* Keywords: america; immigrants; immigration; number; pakistanis; percent; period; persons; population; total; year

• Al-Ghazali’s Philosophical Theology: By Frank Griffel (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 408 pages) by Whittingham, Martin (2010.0) - 408 pages This work of historical theology is essential reading for those wanting to understand with new depth and clarity the life and teachings of al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111). In contrast, Griffel sets out to demonstrate that al-Ghazali “is the first Muslim theologian who actively promotes the naturalization of the philo- sophical tradition into Islamic theology” (p. 7) and that his writings are ‘a particular kind of Avicennism’ (p. 14). Keywords: ghazali; griffel

• The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations By Ervand Abrahamian (New York: The New Press, 2013. 277 pages.) by Ebrahimian, Mojtaba (2014.0) - Britain also pressured west- 102 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:2 ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 102 ern European countries not to send workers to Iran, froze Iranian assets in London (£25 million), warned oil companies against doing business with Iran, and threatened to “impound any tanker leaving Iranian ports with stolen petroleum” (p. 111). It ended on April 25, on the same day that Mohammad Mossadeq (1882-1967) submitted a detailed oil nationalization bill to Parliament and AIOC promised to provide its workers with better housing, raise the minimum wage, and pay them for the strike period (pp. Keywords: coup; iranian; oil
• The Ayatollah Begs to Differ: The Paradox of Modern Iran by Hooman Majd (New York, Doubleday, 2008. hbk. 272 pages) by Shafi, Sophia Rose (2011.0) - The book’s revelations about Iranian politics are illuminating, especially for those unfamiliar with the Islamic Republic’s constitution and governmental organization, but it is Majd’s revelations about Persian society that are most illuminating. Still, the fact that the author is related to former President Khatami allows for unprecedented access to the inner workings of Iranian politics as well as a deep understanding of the status of Shiʻa clergy in Iranian society. Keywords: ayatollah; iranian; majd

• Interfaith Directory: Edited with an Introduction by Francis Clark; New York: International Religious Foundation, 1987, x+ 178 pp. by Ahmad, Mumtaz (1989.0) - The Interfaith Directory sponsored by the CWR is one important step toward disseminating information about other organizations and agencies working for interreligious harmony and concord. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of many groups, agencies and organizations around the globe that are working in the field of interreligious dialogue and understanding. Keywords: index; interfaith; new; organizations

• Cosmographical Readings of the Qurʾan by Chauvet, Adrien (2023.0) - Indeed, the nuances that emerge from the word choice and morphology of the Qurʾan’s descriptions can all be made relevant to modern scientific paradigms. As Muslims, the task is to make the Qurʾan relevant to our own context. Keywords: c h; e t; earth; h e; l r; m e; o g; paradigms; qurʾan; r e; r n; u r; verses

• The Lion in Spring? Three Takes on Syria through the Presidential Lens by Stanton, Andrea L. (2006.0) - Bashar’s Trial by Fire, and David Lesch’s The New Lion of Damascus: Bashar al-Asad and Modern Syria. His passion is sincere and his analysis is solid, but this analysis belongs in a different book, one that would focus less on “Bashar al-Asad and modern Syria” and more on American policymak- ing, as Leverett’s book does. Keywords: bashar; george; lesch; leverett; regime; syria
• State and Society in Syria and Lebanon: Edited by Youssef M. Choueiri, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993, xviii + 129pp. by Freij, Hanna Y. (1995.0) - The nation­ alist leadership's (in Damascus) intense identification with Syria (Greater Syria in this case) did not negate its identification with the Arabs in the Hijaz or their identity as Muslims within the Muslim world, of which the Ottoman leadership was a part. In one speech, Fay~al described the aim of the Arab Revolt as being to preserve a portion of the Ottoman Empire and shield it from the fate destined to befall Turkey following the war (p. 5). Keywords: rafeq; syria

• India Traders of the Middle Ages: Documents from the Cairo Geniza. “India Book” by Shelomo Dov Goitein and Mordechai A. Friedman (Leiden: Brill, 2008. 919 pages.) by Blumi, Isa (2009.0) - The present volume, which is comprised of annotated and translated letters of various eleventh- and twelfth-century Arab Jewish traders who interacted within this larger Indian Ocean complex, provides perhaps the most foun- dational source to understand the economic activities, communal organiza- tion, family life, and material civilization of the medieval world’s Arabic- speaking Jews. While many existing studies highlight these networks’ significance and even a subdiscipline in academia focuses on the “Indian Ocean,” some sig- nificant components of the interlinking system are missing. Keywords: indian; mediterranean; ocean

• Editorial by Bullock, Katherine (2007.0) - Since I invented Editorial iii this barbette and have taken the veil as a nun in the Fontevraud Abbey, I am incensed with this up-start trying to tell me what is and is not properly Bri- tish, and moreover that he thinks he can tell me how I should dress!” Olivia again turns to Cesario bewildered: “O Cesario, Italy, the land of the Virgin Mary, is opposed to the veil?? Cesario finishes his summary: “Finally, the ‘Forum’ section seems to contain two very interesting pieces: a collection of speeches given at the launch of a book entitled Islam and Global Dialogue, which states that it is imperative for people of all faiths to come to a common understanding in order to avoid the supposed ‘clash of civilisations’ prognostications, and an exchange between a translator and the one who reviewed his translation for this journal.” Olivia: “O Cesario, let us buy this little green journal. Keywords: article; cesario; eleanor; olivia; straw; veil
• The Veil Unveiled: The Hijab in Modern Culture by Faegheh Shirazi (University Press of Florida: Cainsville, 2001. 222 pages.) by Bullock, Katherine (2002.0) - Moreover, in her following of Mernissi's interpretation of the veil in Muslim contexts as signifying women asfitna (sources of chaos), Shirazi imposes a singular meaning of her own. Shirazi's book is an extremely useful addition to the sociological study of Muslim women. Keywords: shirazi; veil

• Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics: Ethical Foundations of the Economic and Social Order Centre of Humanomics, University College of Cape Breton, Sydney, NS, Canada Rabi' al Awwal 3-4, 1412/October 11-12, 1991 by Choudhury, Masudul A. (1991.0) - The American Journal of Islamic Social Science Vol. 8, No. 3, 1991 567 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics: Ethical Foundations of the Economic and Social Order Centre of Humanomics, University College of Cape Breton, Sydney, NS, Canada Rabi' al Awwal J-4, /4/1/0ctober ll-12, 1991 Write to or contact: Professor M. A. Choudhury, Department of Social Sciences, University College of Cape Breton, Sydney, NS, BlP 6L2, Canada. Keywords: canada; university

• Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shi‘ism: By Ingvild Flaskerud (New York: Continuum, 2010. hbk. 306 pages.) by Szanto, Edith (2011.0) - In her book, Ingvild Flaskerud once and for all dispels the idea that Islam lacks and opposes all forms of visual art. Though the implied opposition of Sunni prohibition and Shi‘i permissibility of images is problematic, she nonetheless successfully shows how Shi‘is navigate religious prohibitions regarding visual arts. Keywords: flaskerud; images; shi‘i

• Faith and Resistance: The Politics of Love and War in Lebanon By Sarah Marusek (London: Pluto Press, 2018. 234 pages.) by Saeidi , Shirin (2019.0) - There also exists tension for the neoliberal international partners that some of Islamic resistance charities have developed. 113Book Reviews Faith and Resistance: The Politics of Love and War in Lebanon Sarah Marusek London: Pluto Press, 2018. Keywords: islamic; lebanon; marusek; resistance

• The Future of the Arab Spring: Civic Entrepreneurship in Politics, Art, and Technology Startups By Maryam Jamshidi (Oxford, UK and Waltham, MA: Butterworth- Heinemann, 2013. 124 pages.) by Gada, Mohd Yaseen (2014.0) - All of these were designed to remedy the entrepreneurs’ dismal socioeconomic conditions, and thus opened new windows for future technology-related entrepreneurs of various Arab Spring countries. Here she also explores and outlines various pre- and post-Arab Spring features (e.g., pre-Spring activist “Local Citizen Councils,” “peaceful Social and Political movements,” post- Spring “Volunteerism,” and “Internet Activism”), all of which made their own contributions. Keywords: civic; entrepreneurship; spring

• Nationalism and Internationalism in Liberalism, Marxism and Islam: By Tahir Amin. Islamabad: IIIT, 1991. xxxii + 106 pp. by Perry, Glenn E. (1992.0) - In this case, Amin might have found even more basis for the scant regard for Islamic internationalism (p. 72), since the early inclu- sion of an Islamic circle in the Egyptian leader's identification of his country's role in the world tended to make way for a stress on participa- tion, alongside India and Yugoslavia, in the Nonaligned Movement. But at many points the analysis should be ex- panded Some assertions need to be substantiated, such as his statement that the Pan-Islamic professions [of Iran's Islamic Revolution] were gra- dually overshadowed by the narrow sectarianism which became an in- creasingly conspicuous factor in shaping its policies (p. 6). Keywords: amin; islamic; modernization

• The Jewish Study Bible: By Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 2,143 pages.) by Glazer, Aubrey L. (2005.0) - This model is based upon The New Oxford Annotated Bible (p. xi), which abridges in-depth essays by contemporary scholars into accessible versions for general readers and undergraduate students. Editors Berlin and Brettler, along with Fishbane, have compiled a first-rate Hebrew Bible that fuses the technically adept JPS English translation along with introductions, annotations, and essays by many of today’s established and burgeoning scholars. Keywords: bible; scholarship

• The Search for God's Law: Islamic Jurisprudence in the Writings of Sayf al-Din al-Amidi By Bernard G. Weiss. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1992, 745 pp. by DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal (1994.0) - 3 Notable among these are the two works by Jamal al Din ‘A.tpah, a1 Tanzir a1 Fiqhi and a1 Naqariyah a1 ‘Ammah li a1 Shari‘ah a1 IslSmiyah (Cairo: Matba‘ah Madani yah 1. More precisely, and to use his terminology, it is a “fundamentally expository” study of Sayf a1 Dm al Keywords: field; islamic; weiss

• Editorial Note by Syeed, Sayyid M. (1986.0) - The first article was written by the late Lamya’ al-Flriiqi, slain wife of al-Sh&d I s d a al-Flriiqi, who interprets the Islamization of knowledge through the sound arts. The third article in this section, by Professor Masudul Alam Choudhury, raises serious issues in the microeconomic foundations of Islamic economics. Keywords: section

• The Challenge of Post-Zionism: Alternatives to Israeli Fundamentalist Politics by Ephraim Nimni (London: Zed Books, 2003. 209 pages.) by Glazer, Aubrey L. (2005.0) - Ghanem’s datum portray an uncompromising ethnocentric Zionism held by the majority of Jews vis-à- vis the state, while the Palestinian minority maintains anti-Zionist positions that reject the nature and objectives of Israel despite their acceptance of Israeli citizenship (p. 114). In uttering “Everywhere I wander is Jerusalem,” the late nineteenth-century Hasidic revolutionary, Nahman of Bratzlav, was the first post-Zionist. Keywords: post; zionism

• Citizenship and Minorities in Contemporary Islam by Şimşek, Ayşegül (2018.0) - Dr. Fadel later classified possible forms of citizenship in the mod- ern world into three categories: Dr. Fadel made special reference to Hanafi jurist Muham- mad al-Shaybani (d. 805) describing dār al-ḥarb as an arbitrary state where the ruler did what he wanted, whether enslaving people or confiscating their property. Keywords: citizenship; islamic

• Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism By Alexander Knysh (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. 392 pages.) by Welch, Logan (2018.0) - Alexander Knysh’s Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism provides a thorough understanding of Sufism. Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of Sufism through a helpful historical per- spective. Keywords: kynsh; sufism

• Dreaming across Boundaries: The Interpretation of Dreams in Islamic Lands by Louise Marlow, ed. (Boston: Ilex Press and Washington: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2008. 301 pages.) by Gardiner, Noah (2010.0) - Also in a sociopolitical vein, Yehoshua Frenkel employs a self-described “functionalist” approach to analyzing dream accounts in Mamluk-era historiographical texts and asserts that Mamluk chroniclers, as social elites, utilized the dreams’ otherworldly authority to create a sense of order in an otherwise chaotic sociopolitical environment. Leah Kinberg examines the place of dream accounts featuring deceased scholars in early Islamic debates over the propriety of studying either the Qur’an or the hadiths to the near or total exclusion of the other. Keywords: accounts; dreams; interpretation; islamic