item: #1 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1000
      author: El-Muhammady, Ahmad
       title: Applying Wasaṭīyah within the Malaysian Religio-Political Context
        date: 2015.0
       words: 3026
      flesch: 41
     summary: Mahathir’s implementation of Islamic values in his administration is another indicator of inculcating a “moderate” Islam, despite the comments of some observers that its real goal was to placate the Islamist opposition Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) party.10 Badawi’s ascendancy to the premiership in 2003 represented another pro- gressive step toward implementating wasaṭīyah: the introduction of Islam Hadhari (civilizational Islam) initiatives. The resulting tolerance and reasonable accommodation is a give-and-take situation and is obviously the basis of Malaysia’s stability.8 One can conclude that modern Malaysia was built upon the principle of mod- El-Muhammady: Applying Wasaṭīyah 135 ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 135 eration due to the resulting power-sharing principle, peaceful coexistence, and mutual respectability.
    keywords: approach; extremism; international; islam; islamic; malaysia; moderation; muslim; wasaṭīyah
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        item: #2 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1001
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam: Adopting a Wasaṭīyah Strategy
        date: 2015.0
       words: 3404
      flesch: 46
     summary: An accompanying expo ex- hibited the goods manufactured in DMDI member states. Abstract Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam (Malay World Islam World) may be considered one of the State of Melaka’s flagship NGOs.
    keywords: africa; communities; dmdi; dunia; islam; islamic; malay; malaysia; melayu; muslim; university
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        item: #3 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1002
      author: Pervez, Saulat
       title: IIIT Panels at the 2015 ICNA Convention
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1033
      flesch: 43
     summary: Several years ago, IIIT and Hartford Seminary designed a joint Graduate Certificate in Imam and Muslim Community Leadership program to train imams in the necessary skills. All of these expectations and the difficulties that imams face in trying to fulfill them, he remarked, “explains the high turnover we have at mosques.”
    keywords: community; iiit; imams; sunnah
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        item: #4 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1003
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Violent Muslim Extremism Flagrantly Dares the World: A Critical Reflection
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2283
      flesch: 49
     summary: If the West is serious about defeating violent extremism, it should think about the resources and manpower deployed against the Nazis’ actual threat and perceived potential vis-à-vis its current mobilization of resources against the real threat and potential posed by violent Muslim extremists. I employ violent Muslim extremists here because it accurately describes the people I have in mind: Those Muslims who are violent and extremist, and nobody else.
    keywords: american; extremism; middle; muslim
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        item: #5 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1004
      author: Family, IIIT
       title: Dr. Jamal Barzinji: 1939-2015
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1391
      flesch: 54
     summary: Obituary Dr. Jamal Barzinji: 1939-2015 It is with deep sadness that the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) announces the passing of Dr. Jamal Barzinji, its pres- ident and founding member, on Saturday, September 26, 2015, after a long-standing illness. May Allah be pleased with Dr. Jamal Barzinji and shower His blessings and mercy upon him, thereby making it easier for those he has left behind to bear the sorrow of his absence.
    keywords: barzinji; iiit; islamic
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        item: #6 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1005
      author: Tottoli, Roberto
       title: The Oxford Handbook of American Islam: By Yvonne Y. Haddad and Jane I Smith, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. 560 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1238
      flesch: 53
     summary: The process is significant and promises further change that will connect American Muslims with global Islam. As rightly pointed out in the “Introduction” (p. 4), American Islam is the most heterogeneous in the world and no doubt constitutes the main issue when deal- ing with Islam in North, Central, and South America.
    keywords: american; islam; muslims
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        item: #7 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1006
      author: Inloes, Amina
       title: Female Personalities in the Qur’an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi‘i Islam By Rawand Osman (London and New York: Routledge, 2015. 207 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2094
      flesch: 52
     summary: The first section, “Women in creation,” is dedi- cated to Eve and the overarching question of whether woman was created from man or whether women and men are partners in creation and the rami- fications of these beliefs on our perspectives of gender. This section in- cludes a detailed exploration of Q 4:1, a verse about the creation of woman and man that can be taken to mean that either woman was created from man or that women and men were created similarly.
    keywords: hadith; section; shi‘i; women
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        item: #8 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1007
      author: Arik, Hülya
       title: Muslim Women, Transnational Feminism, and the Ethics of Pedagogy: Contested Imaginaries in Post-9/11 Cultural Practice By Lisa K. Taylor and Jasmin Zine, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2014. 316 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1968
      flesch: 29
     summary: With a concern for the material affects of such representations on the lives of young Muslim women and girls, Zine discusses possibilities for “decolonizing” such texts. In her analysis, Khan critiques the construction of communal identities and boundaries through women’s bodies and draws connections with contemporary representations of Muslim men and women in the context of the “war on terror.”
    keywords: discourses; imperialist; muslim; pedagogy; reading; women
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        item: #9 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1008
      author: Alavi, Samad
       title: Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fiction: Who Writes Iran? By Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami (London and New York: Routledge, 2015. 249 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2120
      flesch: 37
     summary: Mehdi Khorrami’s Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fic- tion: Who Writes Iran? challenges this trend, arguing that we do a great dis- service to both individual texts and literary studies as a discipline when we consider non-literary factors as the primary criteria by which to analyze and schematize literary works. Khorrami’s identification of non-discursivity as a central component of modernist literature and his ex- plications of non-discursive texts in this chapter most notably set Literary Subterfuge and Contemporary Persian Fiction apart from other studies in the field.
    keywords: discourse; fiction; khorrami; literature; persian
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        item: #10 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1009
      author: Rippin, Andrew
       title: Qur’ans of the Umayyads: A First Overview By François Déroche (Leiden: Brill, 2014. 155 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1616
      flesch: 54
     summary: Of course, such early manuscripts also provide evi- dence of textual variation, the precise dimensions of which have not always been preserved by Muslim tradition. In fact, early manuscripts are the only tangible source about the oral tradition itself.
    keywords: déroche; manuscripts; qur’an; text
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        item: #11 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1010
      author: McBrayer, Gregory A.; El-Rayes, Waseem
       title: Al-Ghazālī’s Moderation in Belief: By Alladin M. Yaqub, trans. (with an interpretive essay and notes) (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2014. 344 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1386
      flesch: 50
     summary: Those interested in the history of political thought, especially medieval or Islamic, could benefit from reading al-Ghazali’s reflections on more strictly theological matters in order to see how or to what extent al-Ghazali’s theolog- ical views relate to his political thought. In addition to introducing and explaining al-Ghazali’s thought, Yaqub provides the reader with the req- uisite background knowledge, situates al-Ghazali’s thought within the dominant theological disputes of his day, and relates how al-Ghazali’s thought explicates an aspect of Asharite theology.
    keywords: ghazali; translation; yaqub
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        item: #12 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1011
      author: Tutt, Daniel
       title: Franks and Saracens: Reality and Fantasy in the Crusades By Avner Falk (London: Karnac Books, 238 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1145
      flesch: 55
     summary: Following this general foregrounding of the Crusades and psychoanalytic theory, the author turns to how the Crusaders, namely, the “Franks,” created a larger fantasy that drove their violent engage- ment with Muslims, one that was tied to a political effort to build a collective European identity. The fact that it was published by Karnac Books, one of the premiere publishers of psychoanalytic theory and practice, leads one to think that the psychoanalytic community is a particularly important audience.
    keywords: crusades; fantasy
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        item: #13 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1012
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Traditional Islamic Environmentalism: The Vision of Seyyed Hossein Nasr By Tarik M. Quadir (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2013.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1519
      flesch: 45
     summary: Nasr’s own teachings are grounded in the perennialist philosophy, which claims to be Traditionalist with the capital “T.” Since it is based in no actual religion, perennialists dig into religious traditions for their essence, which they insist consists of three principles: the Unity of the Supreme Principle, the Hi- erarchic structure of Reality, and the Ultimate meaningfulness or purposeful- ness of all things in the universe. Nasr’s view that most pre-modern traditions shared a deep sense of reverence for nature, or divine handiwork, is quite defensible; however, this does not necessarily justify his more specific contentions.
    keywords: chapter; nasr; religion; traditions
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        item: #14 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1013
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Encyclopaedic Works on Islamic Political Thought and Movements in the Twenty-first Century
        date: 2015.0
       words: 4880
      flesch: 38
     summary: It could also be recommended for use as an essential and important reference guide; a must-read for everyone interested in Islamic political thought, Islam and pol- itics, and/or political Islam. During last two decades or so, many encyclopedias have been published on Islam and its history – classical to contemporary – with a modern approach, among them Richard Martin’s two-volume Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 1 and John L. Esposito’s Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World.2 Other encyclopedic works focus on specific eras, like Josef Meri’s Medieval Islamic Civilization.3 One more category is that of Islam and politics, political Islam, and/or the various facets, complexities, and intricacies of Islamic movements.
    keywords: encyclopedia; entries; islam; islamic; movements; muslim; politics; thought; world
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        item: #15 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1014
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: A Moment in the American Desert: Hassan Fathy’s Dar al-Islam
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1990
      flesch: 54
     summary: Origi- nally incorporated as a non-profit educational compound, Dar al-Islam con- tinued robustly as an educational center on Islam and host for retreats and educational groups. Dar al-Islam, which turned out to be Fathy’s only North American proj- ect, most fortunately occurred during the height of his career.
    keywords: architecture; design; fathy; islam; mosque; university
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        item: #16 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1015
      author: Hassan, Gubara Said; Buaben, Jabal M.
       title: Hassan al-Turabi’s Discourse on the Arts: Conservative Prohibition and Cautious Permission
        date: 2015.0
       words: 5457
      flesch: 51
     summary: For some Muslims, Islamic art expresses this natural beauty as well as the miracles of God’s creation related in the Qur’an and the prophetic traditions (aḥādīth). Islamic art, whether architecture, painting, or sculpture, expresses both this natural beauty and the miracles of God’s creation: That which is on Earth We have made but as a glittering show for it, in order that We may test them – as to which of them are best in conduct.
    keywords: artistic; arts; beauty; god; hassan; ibid; islamic; life; muslim; turabi
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        item: #17 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1016
      author: Pervez, Saulat
       title: Successful Schools, Stagnant Education: The Dilemma of Urban Centers
        date: 2015.0
       words: 3690
      flesch: 54
     summary: school children is equally alarming. Many schools recognize that they are a crucial step in a child’s journey through this world and thus focus on the development of “life” skills along with advancing the student’s knowledge.
    keywords: children; education; learning; schools; skills; students; teaching; thinking
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        item: #18 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1017
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Constitutions and Pluralism in Muslim States and Societies
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2632
      flesch: 48
     summary: Melek Saral (University of Zurich, “Emerging Human Rights Discourses in Post-Uprising Egypt”) stated that al-Azhar came under state control in 1961 by law and enjoys the confidence of many Egyptians. ”Asma Afsarud- din (Indiana University, “Ummah in the Qur’an and Early Islam: Implications for Modern Pluralist Societies and Citizenship”) focused on the Muslim belief, based upon Q. 2:143, that they are a “middle” or “moderate nation/community.”
    keywords: constitutions; islamic; law; pluralism; state; university
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        item: #19 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1018
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: The International Kâtip Chalabi Symposium
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1434
      flesch: 36
     summary: In this session Abdullah al-Rushdi (Dar al-Hadith al-Hasaniyyah, Morocco) reviewed “Kashf al-Zunūn and (Its Kâtip Chalabi, as he is known as in Turkish circles, was a re- formist scholar known for his intellectual contributions to the social sciences (viz., [Ottoman] history, geography, and economics) and his invaluable bio- bibliographical text Kashf al-Zunūn, which contains over 14,000 entries.
    keywords: classification; kashf; university; zunūn
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        item: #20 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1020
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: The Martin Luther of Islam? Ismail al-Faruqi’s Impact on Contemporary Islamic Intellectualism
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2617
      flesch: 51
     summary: Ismail al-Faruqi’s Impact on Contemporary Islamic Intellectualism Although I did not study under Isma’il al-Faruqi (d. 1986) Appropriately, al-Faruqi appreciates al-Ghazali’s (d. 1111) thought on īmān and then goes beyond it.
    keywords: faruqi; islamic; muslim; thought; īmān
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        item: #21 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1021
      author: Tee, Caroline
       title: Towards an Islamic Enlightenment: The gülen Movement By M. Hakan Yavuz (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 320 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1539
      flesch: 39
     summary: M. Hakan Yavuz was one of the early contributors to the literature on the Gülen movement, co-editing a major volume on the subject with John Espo- sito in 2003 (Hakan Yavuz and John Esposito, Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement [Syracuse University Press: 2003]). No other scholar has attempted such a holistic analysis, for others tend to focus on just one of its many areas of in- fluence, namely, education (Bekim Agai, Zwischen Netzwerk und Diskurs - Das Bildungsnetzwerk um Fethullah Gülen (geb.
    keywords: gülen; islamic; movement; yavuz
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        item: #22 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1022
      author: Riley, Krista
       title: American Muslim Women, Religious Authority, and Activism: More Than a Prayer By Juliane Hammer (Austin: The University of Texas Press, 2012. 271 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1602
      flesch: 40
     summary: In Chapter 7, “Media, Representation(s), Politics,” Hammer investigates how American Muslim women have responded to the media’s negative por- trayal of Muslim women. Other topics raised here include the impact of racial dynamics in American Muslim communities (an especially noticeable absence within the analysis), the presence of American Muslim women in academia, the role of men in dis- cussions of gender and religion, and the transnational conversations and net- works growing around similar matters.
    keywords: american; chapter; muslim; women
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        item: #23 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1023
      author: Thompson, Katrina Daly
       title: Educating Muslim Women: The West African Legacy of Nana Asma’u (1793-1864) By Jean Boyd and Beverly Mack Oxfordshire & Leicestershire: Interface Publications & Kube Publishing, 2013. 256 pages.
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1570
      flesch: 49
     summary: Boyd and Mack present the Shehu as a feminist who en- couraged his contemporaries to educate women and urged Muslim women to demand their rights. In arguing that women like Asma’u and the contemporary women who follow her example perform valuable and valued roles in their communities as educators, Boyd and Mack implicitly offer a counterpoint to popular stereo- types about Muslim women as oppressed.
    keywords: asma’u; chapter; women
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        item: #24 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1024
      author: Ebrahimian, Mojtaba
       title: City of Knowledge in Twentieth Century Iran: Shiraz, history, and Poetry By Setrag Manoukian (New York: Routledge, 2012. 272 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1555
      flesch: 34
     summary: In chapter 3, “Editing culture,” Manoukian contemplates the “production of knowledge” in contemporary Shiraz by focusing on “editing.” In conclusion, the book is an outstanding application of critical theory to ethnographic investigation and offers a fresh perspective on Iran’s sociocultural and political history from the viewpoint of Shiraz.
    keywords: city; history; knowledge; shiraz
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        item: #25 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1025
      author: Tabrizi, Taymaz G.
       title: Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory By Robert Gleave (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. 212 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1617
      flesch: 47
     summary: As Gleave explains in his first chapter, literalism sees literal meaning as having an “advantage” over allusion, metaphor (majāz), and other kinds of meaning because it holds a “higher level of epistemological security” (p. 1). The fourth chapter deals with literal meaning in early Islamic legal theory.
    keywords: author; literal; meaning; theory
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        item: #26 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1026
      author: Woodlock, Rachel
       title: The Essentials of Ibāḍī Islam: By Valerie J. Hoffman (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2012. 344 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1065
      flesch: 52
     summary: Her book is primarily a translation of a theological primer and supplementary text, preceded by a short introduction on the origins and history of Ibadi Islam to orient the readers and prepare them 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:1 ajiss31-1_ajiss 12/4/2013 2:16 PM Part 1, the abovemen- tioned introduction, outlines the book’s goal and presents a brief account of the emergence of Ibadi Islam in the context of the proto-Sunni/Shi‘i/Khariji split and the crisis surrounding the deaths of caliphs Uthman and Ali.
    keywords: ibadi; islam
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        item: #27 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1027
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. On Arithmetic and geometry: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of EPISTLES 1 & 2 By Nader El-Bizri, ed. and trans. (Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2012. 400 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1840
      flesch: 49
     summary: I would therefore take issue with part of this phrase translated – the phrase bi ḥasab al-ṭāqati al-basharīyah should be “insofar as is humanly possible” – as this standard formulation of the limits of knowledge goes back to the an- cients. Nader el-Bizri, the translator and editor of the series, is a historian of philosophy and science in the Islamic world and has recently been focusing on the history of geometry, mathematics, and optics and publishing widely on Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1040).
    keywords: epistle; geometry; ikhwan; sciences
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        item: #28 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1028
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Bibliography of Art and Architecture in the Islamic World: volume 1: “Art” (837 pages) and volume 2: “Architecture” (653 pages) By Susan Sinclair, ed. (Leiden: Brill, 2012.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1383
      flesch: 37
     summary: Since that time, interest in Islamic art and architecture has surged from specialists to many scholars, students, and general interest worldwide. The volume’s final sections return to broader topics of research on art in the Islamic world with the provocative sections of “Circulation of Ideas and Objects in General between East and West and China and Islamic World,” “‘Orientalist’ Art and Influence/appropriation of Islamic art in Art in non- Islamic lands,” and “Attitudes of Non-Muslims to Islamic art.”
    keywords: architecture; art; volume; world
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        item: #29 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1029
      author: Schubel, Vernon James
       title: Tripping with Allah: Islam, Drugs, and Writing By Michael Muhammad Knight (Berkeley: Soft Skull Press, 2013. 256 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1546
      flesch: 65
     summary: I have since read all of his books and have taught several of them in my courses on contemporary Islam and Islam in North America. Tripping with Allah: Islam, Drugs, and Writing Michael Muhammad Knight Berkeley: Soft Skull Press, 2013.
    keywords: allah; islam; islamic; knight
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        item: #30 of 2426
          id: ajiss-103
      author: Khan, Darakhshan Haroon
       title: In Good Company: Piety and Conjugality in Colonial North India
        date: 2018.0
       words: 10764
      flesch: 58
     summary: The writings of other women from this period also hint towards the isolation they experienced in their far-flung marital homes. In the year of her birth, Mir’āt ul ‘Urūs had been in circulation for more than forty years, Tehzīb e Niswān had been in print for fifteen, and Beheshti Zewar had been selling as a guide for pious women for a decade.
    keywords: ahmad; century; class; community; company; delhi; education; family; good; government; household; ilyas; india; islamic; jamā‘at; khan; maulana; movement; muslim; nazir; new; piety; thanawi; women
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        item: #31 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1030
      author: Kayaoglu, Turan
       title: Moving the Mountain: Beyond ground Zero to a New vision of Islam in America By Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf (New York: Free Press, 2012. 240 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1447
      flesch: 53
     summary: Several other American Muslims have written about the community. Few are as qualified as Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf to articulate a vision for American Muslims.
    keywords: american; islam; muslims; rauf
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        item: #32 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1031
      author: Martin, Ed
       title: Mennonite Engagement with Iran
        date: 2014.0
       words: 3793
      flesch: 49
     summary: A compromise – Toronto – was accepted and has worked out well: MCC students study Farsi and Islam at IKERI and Iranian students study the philosophy of religion at the Toronto School of Theology. MCC program staff took him up on this offer and introduced our organization to Ambassador Kamal Kharrazzi and some of his staff, which led to a second key relationship: Seyed Kazem Sajjadpour, a sen- ior official of the Iranian Mission and a representative of the Institute of Po- litical and International Studies (IPIS), the research and policy-making department of the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
    keywords: christian; dialogue; iran; iranian; mcc; mennonite; muslim; program; students
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        item: #33 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1032
      author: Yenigun, Halil Ibrahim
       title: Turkish Islamism in the Post-gezi Park Era
        date: 2014.0
       words: 6674
      flesch: 49
     summary: One might be justified for holding the impression that Erdoğan’s domes- tic Islamization policies, as well as his pro-Islamist policies in the Arab world, especially his staunch support for Palestine’s Hamas, Egypt’s Muslim Broth- erhood, and the Free Syrian Army, are clear evidence of his Islamism. Most accounts that have suggested the Turkish conservative-democratic or “post-Islamist” model as an operational formula for the Muslim world have recently had to be revisited.
    keywords: ajiss31; erdoğan; gezi; government; islamist; jdp; june; muslim; november; page; park; post; protests; social; turkey
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        item: #34 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1033
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: IIIT Intellectual Panels at the ISNA 50th Annual Convention
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2977
      flesch: 59
     summary: Ahmad began by saying that Ahmad al-Raysuni wrote Al-Shura: The Qur’anic Principle of Consultation (IIIT, 2011) to remind Muslims of this largely ignored approach mentioned in Q. 42:38 and Q. 3:159. Discussants: Mo- hammad Adam al-Shaykh, Emad-ad-Dean Ahmad, Wael al-Khairo.
    keywords: ahmad; author; iiit; islam; islamic; muslims; panel
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        item: #35 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1034
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Muslim Cosmopolitanism: Recovering a Forgotten Stream in the history of Islam
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1045
      flesch: 59
     summary: Further refining this concept, he opined that cosmopolitanism is also “a style of thought, how we think and look at people” – one that calls for Muslims to be morally responsible for others (even non-Muslims), as this attitude is a core part of the Islamic tradition of open-mindedness and the maqāṣid al- Sharī‘ah (e.g., compassion, justice, cooperation, doing good, and consensus to safeguard the public interest). He elaborated upon this by comparing several great Islamic cities of the past – Baghdad, Bukhara, Cor- doba, Damascus, Cairo, Fez, Mogadishu, Malacca, Timbuktu, Sarajevo, and Delhi – with their contemporary counterparts, to remind Muslims that such grand undertakings were not beyond their ability.
    keywords: arab; muslims; person
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        item: #36 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1036
      author: Karic, Dzenita
       title: Yozgatlı Ihsan Efendi: Kaybolan Dünyadan Nurlu Bir Sima by Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1202
      flesch: 48
     summary: Alongside private letters, excerpts from biographies and auto- biographies (and notably, Ali Ulvi Kurucu’s memories), his rich documen- tary material includes photographs and interviews with those who knew Yozgatlı Ihsan Efendi personally, providing unique insights into his life and work. In other words, the nation-state now imposed limitations on belonging, and Yozgatlı Ihsan Efendi was unwilling to compromise on the key elements of his identity.
    keywords: book; efendi; ihsan; yozgatlı
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        item: #37 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1037
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: “Like the Scum of a Torrent”: When Exactly Will Muslims Fit This Prophetic Metaphor?
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2612
      flesch: 58
     summary: At this time, the hadith continues, non-Muslims will have not one iota of fear and apprehension (mahāba) of Muslims, but the latter will have already resigned themselves to their own feebleness (wahn) and thus be gripped with fear of non-Muslims.1 A Few Clarifications This hadith is not found in Al-Bukhārī and Muslim, which leads me to under- stand that some people suspect its veracity. On the other hand, whenever I use non-Muslims, I only mean some of them.
    keywords: change; islamic; muslims; non; world
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        item: #38 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1038
      author: Ebrahimian, Mojtaba
       title: The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations By Ervand Abrahamian (New York: The New Press, 2013. 277 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1602
      flesch: 50
     summary: Britain also pressured west- 102 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:2 ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 102 ern European countries not to send workers to Iran, froze Iranian assets in London (£25 million), warned oil companies against doing business with Iran, and threatened to “impound any tanker leaving Iranian ports with stolen petroleum” (p. 111). It ended on April 25, on the same day that Mohammad Mossadeq (1882-1967) submitted a detailed oil nationalization bill to Parliament and AIOC promised to provide its workers with better housing, raise the minimum wage, and pay them for the strike period (pp.
    keywords: coup; iranian; oil
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        item: #39 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1039
      author: Abboud, Samer
       title: Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon By Rola el-Husseini (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2012. 319 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1491
      flesch: 42
     summary: This is not to suggest that the research needs to yield comparative insights about elite politics, but rather that describing the trajectory of elites and political parties does not yield the most substantive an- alytical insights about elite recruitment and circulation that it could. As such, the inquiry has to ask how the period of Syrian control – Pax Syriana – cre- ated new possibilities and limitations for elite politics in Lebanon.
    keywords: elite; lebanon; politics
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        item: #40 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1040
      author: Abbas, Megan Brankley
       title: Gender and Islam in Southeast Asia: Women’s Rights Movements, Religious Resurgence, and Local Traditions By Susanne Schroter, ed. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013. 335 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1544
      flesch: 38
     summary: She argues Book Reviews 109 ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 109 that most Muslim women in political positions “belong to, or are supported by, the traditional elite that seems to attach more value to the perpetuation of its own dynasties than to an Islamic debate about women in leading positions” (p. 217). Despite the volume’s breadth of disciplinary and geographic contributions, its authors share a common project: the recuperation of Muslim women’s his- tory, and especially female Muslim agency, amidst the rise of Islamization in Southeast Asia.
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; women
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        item: #41 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1042
      author: Takim, Liyakat
       title: Islam in the Hinterlands: Muslim Cultural Politics in Canada By Jasmine Zine, ed. (Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 2012. 325 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1463
      flesch: 51
     summary: The book also suggests that many Canadian Muslims act as cultural mediators, as they protest the boundaries of Islamic discourse and contribute to the integrationist and anti-extremist discourse. So far, Canadian Muslims have depended heavily on imported imams whose views are shaped in (and by) the East and who are not engaged with Islamic reform.
    keywords: canadian; islamic; muslim; women
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        item: #42 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1043
      author: Piela, Anna
       title: British Asian Muslim Women, Multiple Spatialities, and Cosmopolitanism: By Fazila Bhimji (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 176 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1459
      flesch: 43
     summary: This book is a valuable contribution to the growing body of research on the experiences and identities of British Muslim women. Chapter 5 includes three case studies of British Asian Muslim women working in the arts.
    keywords: bhimji; muslim; research; women
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        item: #43 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1044
      author: Riley, Krista
       title: Women, Leadership, and Mosques: Changes in Contemporary Islamic Authority By Masooda Bano and Hilary Kalmbach, eds. (Leiden: Brill, 2012. 581 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1614
      flesch: 39
     summary: She also profiles one organization that takes a more explicit stance in favor of women’s equality and individual ijtihād, thereby reflecting different claims to authority among Muslim women. In the section’s fourth chapter, Catharina Raudvere discusses Bosnian women’s diverse engagements with religious interpretations by looking at ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 119 women who take an explicit gender-focused approach in creating alternative spaces for Muslim women, as well as women working and teaching within more conservative madrasah structures.
    keywords: authority; chapter; islamic; leadership; women
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        item: #44 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1045
      author: Richmond, Joel
       title: Between Reason and Revelation: Twin Wisdoms Reconciled. An Annotated English Translation of Nasir-i Khusraw’s Kitāb-i Jāmi‘ al-Ḥikmatayn By Eric Ormsby, trans. (London and New York: I.B. Tauris in association the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2012. 292 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1464
      flesch: 45
     summary: At a moment when biographical studies of Nasir have reached a peak, the future study and translation of his philosophy, cosmology, and poetry should continue to receive primary focus and prominence within the secondary literature. The context is a reply to the amīr of Badakhshan, Abu al-Ma‘ali ‘Ali ibn al-Asad (reign 462/1069), who had re- quested Nasir to explain Abu al-Haytham Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Jurjani’s (d. 10th century) philosophical qaṣīdah.
    keywords: isma‘ili; nasir; translation
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        item: #45 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1046
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad
       title: Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. On the Natural Sciences: An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of EPISTLES 15-21 By Carmela Baffioni, ed. and trans. (Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2013. 969 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1612
      flesch: 46
     summary: Epistle 15, on matter and form (al-hayūla wa al-ṣūra), comprises fourteen chapters on issues of hylomorphism and the constituents of natural bodies. The volume immediately after on epistle 22 on animals has been published many times and is arguably one of the most famous of the Epistles: The Case of the Animals versus Man before the King of the Jinns (published in this series in the translation of Lenn Goodman and Richard MacGregor).
    keywords: brethren; chapters; epistles; sciences
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        item: #46 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1047
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Jannat: Paradise in Islamic Art Mumtaz Currim, ed. Mumbai: The Marg Foundation, 2012. 144 pages.
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1664
      flesch: 53
     summary: His excellent summary of the philosophical and cosmological concepts of par- adise in relation to the garden is followed by a clear account of the chahar bagh (quad-partite garden) and the Mughal legacy of gardens as microcosms of paradise. And yet the whole is a re- freshing look at the theme of jannat (paradise) in Islamic art and architecture in the Indian subcontinent.
    keywords: art; essay; garden; mughal; paradise
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        item: #47 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1048
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Islamic Art and the Museum: Approaches to Art and Archaeology of the Muslim World in the Twenty-First Century By Benoît Junod, Georges Khalil, Stefan Weber, and Gerhard Wolf, eds. (London: Saqi Books, 2012. 374 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1718
      flesch: 39
     summary: For those who have visited Islamic art collections in museums, it is inter- esting and important to understand that there is an ongoing global dialogue, at least among historians and curators, regarding the methodologies of dis- playing Islamic art and the potential for greater cultural understanding and cooperation with other institutions. The forum offers a certain diversity of voices regarding issues in general (the display of Islamic art around the world) and specific to the MIA at the Pergamon Museum.
    keywords: art; islamic; museum; papers; section
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        item: #48 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1049
      author: Rezaeiyazdi, Hamid
       title: Tremors: New Fiction by Iranian American Writers By Anita Amirrezvani and Persis Karim, eds. (Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 2013. 338 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1188
      flesch: 44
     summary: Compared to similar collections in translation, this book provides unmediated access to the world of Iran, Iranians, Islamic Iran, and Iranian-Americans. In a number of stories, (e.g., Taha Ebrahimi’s “Family Trouble” or J. Kevin Shushtari’s “The Sweet Dry Fruit of the Lotus Tree”), in fact, the nar- rator’s family is well established and feels at home, sometimes with an Amer- ican parent, until ghosts or guests from Iran upset the peace.
    keywords: american; iran; iranian; stories
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        item: #49 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1050
      author: Rufai, Saheed Ahmad
       title: Islam and the Challenge of Civilization: By Abdulwahab Meddeb (translated Jane Kuntz) (New York: Fordham University Press, 2013. 175 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1545
      flesch: 47
     summary: (p. 4) instead of dhakira as “memory,” al-quwwa al-ma’ani (p. 4) instead of quwwa al- ma’ani as the power of discrimination, and “familiarized” (p. 4) instead of fa- miliar “meaning” as al-ma’ani al-ma’lufa, for “familiarized” is better translated in this context as mu’taada. The impli- cation of this unfortunate state is analyzed in chapter 4, “Civilization or Extinction,” which addresses the fundamentalists’ actions and their implications as to how they affect people’s “understanding of Islam as a complex historical phenomenon” (p. 49).
    keywords: author; chapter; islamic; nature
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        item: #50 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1051
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: The Future of Islam: By John L. Esposito (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 234 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1193
      flesch: 52
     summary: Esposito examines the reinsertion of Islam into Muslim politics and society in an attempt to analyze its impact and global implications and also to answer such questions as “What is political Islam?” and “Are all Islamic movements a threat?” 142 Chapter 2, “God in Politics,” provides the background and context for understanding political Islam, the role of religion in politics and society, and Islam’s impact upon Muslim societies and the West.
    keywords: islam; muslim
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        item: #51 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1052
      author: Badri, Malik
       title: Psychological Reflections on Ismail al-Faruqi’s Life and Contributions
        date: 2014.0
       words: 3410
      flesch: 57
     summary: I therefore had a good opportunity to appreciate the influence of MSA’s devoted Muslim stu- dents on al-Faruqi, an influence that led him to abandon Arabism and embrace Islamism. Such scholars as Mohammad Qutb, Abul Azaim, Abu Hatab, Abdullah At- tayyib, and al-Faruqi conducted brainstorming sessions in which everyone participated.
    keywords: arab; arabism; faruqi; islamic; muslim; students; university
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        item: #52 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1053
      author: Seif-Amirhosseini, Zahra
       title: The Role of Education in Implementing Social Justice: The Case of Shia Muslims
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1719
      flesch: 44
     summary: She analyzed the conditions faced by Shia communities in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain within the wider perspective of the soicopolitical and historical process of modern state formation. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports The Role of Education in Implementing Social Justice: The Case of Shia Muslims In honor of World Day of Social Justice, on February 24, 2014, Shia Rights Watch and American University held the first-ever conference devoted to pre- senting new paradigms for exploring how the rights of the minority Shia Mus- lim community can be protected against such entrenched realities as subordination, injustice, violence, discrimination, and marginalization.
    keywords: education; peace; rights; shia; violence
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        item: #53 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1054
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: English Literary Studies: An Islamic Perspective and Method
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1338
      flesch: 48
     summary: Those who support the Islamization of English literary studies propose a similar approach to English literature in order to counterbalance the un-Islamic cultural influences as well as to present the Islamic worldviews in relation to the life-worlds that these literary texts are reputed to promote. Reflecting further on the context that had given rise to this attitude, Hasan pointed out the tendency at that time, and based solidly upon the Subconti- nent’s colonial experience, to associate English literature studies with both colonialism and western Christendom.
    keywords: english; islamic; literature; studies
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        item: #54 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1055
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islam and Interfaith Dialogue: Some Observations
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1315
      flesch: 54
     summary: The second part of his presentation consisted of several historical obser- vations related to Christian views of Islam, Muslim views of other religions (especially Christianity), and how best to approach/view these two religions’ relationship. ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 161 162 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:2 The traditional Muslim view of Christianity and other religions has been largely negative (based upon several Qur’anic verses), exclusionary, and polemical.
    keywords: islam; muslims; religion
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        item: #55 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1056
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: The Study of Islam in African Universities: Reflections on Ghana
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2663
      flesch: 44
     summary: Although not as comprehensive as the articles featured in this special issue, this editorial presents my comments and the results of my survey conducted among professors and lecturers who teach Islamic studies in Ghanaian uni- versities. After my presentation, one audience member who had earned a PhD in Islamic studies from a Middle Eastern university, pointed out that he could not find a teaching job in a Ghana- ian university.
    keywords: africa; ghana; islamic; studies; universities; university
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        item: #56 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1057
      author: Inloes, Amina
       title: The ‘Alids: The First Family of Islam, 750-1200 By Teresa Bernheimer (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. 119 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1648
      flesch: 49
     summary: Otherwise, marrying out would “commonise” ‘Alid women and “com- promise the family’s special status, on which claims to privileges and social exceptionalism were based” (p. 50); (2) keeping these women within the family communicated a sense of elitism, because “one only gives one’s daughters in marriage to one’s equals or superiors” (p. 35)’ and (3) ‘Alid men sometimes married outside the family, generally to women of noble birth (Arab or other- wise), to bring more resources into the family, as well as (for the politically ac- tive type) to increase their support base. Chapter 3, on ‘Alid marriage patterns, opens with a contemporary account of a scandal that ensued after a Hadrami sayyidah in Southeast Asia married a non-‘Alid man and how that, in turn, led some people to “question openly the centuries-long domination of the sayyids […] setting in motion events that ar- guably led to the Yemeni revolution” (p. 62).
    keywords: alid; islamic; social
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        item: #57 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1058
      author: Masterton, Rebecca
       title: A History of Shi‘i Islam : By Farhad Daftary (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2013. 315 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1517
      flesch: 57
     summary: Despite the progress made in the study of Shi‘i Islam, few publications provide a comprehensive account of its history. Shi‘i Islam overviews key events going back to the time of Prophet Muhammad to “clarify misunderstandings” and illustrate the var- ious Shi‘i schools’ contribution to Islamic history.
    keywords: islam; shi‘i
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        item: #58 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1059
      author: Poljarevic, Emin
       title: Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement By Roel Meijer, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 463 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1622
      flesch: 41
     summary: Roel Meijer’s edited Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement, one of the first collected works to broadly analyze contemporary Salafism as a global religious movement for English-speaking audiences, presents this movement as a string of methods for approaching Islam’s canonical sources. In part, Salafism symbolizes a varied scholarly attempt to disentangle long-simmering ques- tions about conservative forms of Muslim activism, most of which concern the ethics of how Muslims are to conduct their lives, perceive their individual and group identities, and understand the pious order of political and social arrangements.
    keywords: groups; islam; movement; salafism; tensions
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        item: #59 of 2426
          id: ajiss-106
      author: Widigdo, Mohammad Syifa Amin
       title: Aristotelian Dialectic, Medieval Jadal, and Medieval Scholastic Disputation
        date: 2018.0
       words: 9816
      flesch: 48
     summary: After the name of al-Qaffāl al-Shāshī (d. 365/976) was linked with the initial development of “praiseworthy dialectic,” some other jadal works were written. Later theological jadal writings emerged with the purpose of either criticizing or defending Ibn Rīwandī, as in the case of al-Kaʿbī al-Balkhī (d. 319/931) and al-Ashʿarī (d. 319/931).
    keywords: argument; aristotelian; aristotle; deduction; dialectic; disputation; greek; jadal; medieval; muslim; opponent; premises; refutation; thesis; truth
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        item: #60 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1060
      author: Shafi, Sophia Rose
       title: The Spirit of Tolerance in Islam: By Reza Shah-Kazemi (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012. 165 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1668
      flesch: 41
     summary: The tolerance evident Book Reviews 131 ajiss31-3_ajiss 5/28/2014 1:24 PM Page 131 there not only allowed a certain degree of freedom for non-Muslims, but also encouraged the flowering of a culture in which all of its inhabitants, be they Jews, Christians, or Muslims, participated: “Muslim tolerance allowed Jews and Christians, as well as Muslims, to express in their own unique ways their deepest spiritual aspirations” (p. 52). This volume provides an academic and sophisticated read- ing of tolerance in Muslim history that is accessible to the scholar, student, and layperson interested in how Islam deals with religious minorities.
    keywords: islamic; tolerance
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        item: #61 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1061
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: The Islamic Utopia: The Illusion of Reform in Saudi Arabia By Andrew Hammond (London: Pluto Press, 2012. 240 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1411
      flesch: 52
     summary: In fact, as Hammond points out, many of these reforms have been nothing but “window dressing … driven entirely by the desire to protect the extraordinary powers of the Saudi royal family,” as well as by a felt necessity to appease the Americans (p. 150). These clerics, the pre- sumed guardians of the moral society, continue to give the Saud family a free hand when it comes to dealing with the higher issues of state, for the latter’s alliance with the clerics grants them the legitimacy they need (p. 65).
    keywords: chapter; hammond; saudi
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        item: #62 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1062
      author: Karam, John Tofik
       title: The Construction of Muslim Identities in Contemporary Brazil: By Cristina Maria de Castro (trans. Rodrigo Braga Freston) (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013. 182 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1327
      flesch: 42
     summary: “It is not uncommon,” she writes, “to think that Brazilian women go to that mosque ‘searching for a husband,’” especially given the non-Arab, non- Muslim Brazilian female members of the center who married Arab Muslim male immigrants (pp. 12, 26). At the beginning, Castro relates her experience as a (presumably non-Arab and non-Muslim) Brazilian woman in the Islamic Center of Camp- inas.
    keywords: brazil; islam; islamic; politics
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        item: #63 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1063
      author: Mahmud, Aruba
       title: Discipline, Devotion, and Dissent: Jewish, Catholic, and Islamic Schooling in Canada By Graham P. McDonough, Nadeem A. Memon, and Avi I. Mintz, eds. (Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2013. 272 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1654
      flesch: 43
     summary: Although the chapters on Islamic and Jewish schools also examine these themes, they tend to focus on more practical concerns, such as the challenges of establishing religious schools, designing curriculum, and addressing in- ternal dissent. Mintz proposes that religious schools show their commitment and approaches to citizenship education to ease these concerns (pp.
    keywords: catholic; education; islamic; schools
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        item: #64 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1064
      author: Miharja, Nurhidayahti Mohammad
       title: Ibn Khaldun: By Syed Farid Alatas (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2013. 160 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1559
      flesch: 39
     summary: Alatas’ forthcoming Applying Ibn Khaldun: The ensuing chapter, “The Reception of Ibn Khaldun,” situates him in the evolution of Islamic thought and contemporary social sciences, whereas the two final chapters, “The Significance of Ibn Khaldun for the Modern Social Sciences” and “Further Reading and Works Cited,” encapsulate Alatas’ sug- gestions for developing a Khaldunian sociology and include a list of further readings, alongside discussions on works ranging from Ibn Khaldun’s biog- raphy to critiques of his methodology.
    keywords: ibn; khaldun; science; social
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        item: #65 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1065
      author: Schubel, Vernon James
       title: Sufi Narratives of Intimacy: Ibn Arabi, Gender, and Sexuality By Sa’diyya Shaikh (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. 304 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1200
      flesch: 43
     summary: Sufi Narratives of Intimacy: Ibn Arabi, Gender, and Sexuality Sa’diyya Shaikh Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. Sa’diyya Shaikh’s groundbreaking Sufi Narratives of Intimacy: Ibn Arabi, Gender, and Sexuality not only makes a significant contribution to the growing body of scholarship on issues of gender and Islam, but also serves as an elo- quent and accessible introduction to the life and work of Muhyi al-Din ibn Arabi, unquestionably one of the most important voices in the Islamic tradi- tion.
    keywords: arabi; gender; ibn
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        item: #66 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1066
      author: Khalil, Atif
       title: The Comfort of the Mystics: A Manual and Anthology of Early Sufism By Gerhard Böwering and Bilal Orfali (Leiden: Brill, 2013. 34 (English) + 686 (Arabic) pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1670
      flesch: 54
     summary: The present work is a critical edition of Abu Khalaf al-Tabari’s (d. 1077) With respect to his name not appearing in Sufi biographical works (p. 11), all this appears to suggest is that he had either not developed a reputation as a master of the science or that he may not have been publically affiliated with its recognized au- thorities.
    keywords: tabari; work
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        item: #67 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1067
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Islam and the University Curriculum: Experiences of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1720
      flesch: 39
     summary: How do non-Muslim students respond to the content of courses that mainly deal with Islam and Muslims? In the morning session, Farid Panjwani (University of London’s Institute of Education), who teaches Muslim education and has written on “Muslim education,” asked “How do we study ‘Islam’ in the university curriculum?”
    keywords: education; islam; muslim; study; university
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        item: #68 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1068
      author: Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz
       title: The Second International Conference on Contemporary Scholarship on Islam: The Legacy of Ismail Raji al-Faruqi
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1518
      flesch: 43
     summary: The “Comparative Religion” sub-theme consisted of such papers as “Is- mail Raji al-Faruqi in the Context of Muslim Scholarship in Comparative Re- ligion,” “Ismail Raji al-Faruqi and His Methods in the Study of Religions,” “Meta-Religion and the Discipline of Comparative Religion,” “Wilfred C. Smith and Ismail R. al-Faruqi on Religion and Religious Experience,” “The Role of Inter-Religious Dialogue in Resolving Religious Conflicts,” and “The Role of Islam in Global Inter-Religious Dependence.” He stated that al-Faruqi dedicated his life to calling upon Muslims to revive that sprit.
    keywords: faruqi; islamic; religion; thought
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        item: #69 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1069
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Muslim Men Writing for Muslim Women: Ibn al- Jawzi’s Aḥkām al-Nisā’
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2544
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ibn al-Jawzi, Nuzhat al-Aʻyun al-Nawāzịr fī ʻIlm al-Wujūh wa al-Nazạ̄ʼir (Beirut: Muʼassasat al-Risalah, 1984). 4. Such as al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (Beirut: Dar al- Maʻrifah, 1961).
    keywords: god; ibn; jawzi; knowledge; women
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        item: #70 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1070
      author: Miharja, Nurhidayahti Mohammad
       title: Voice of Islamic Moderation from the Malay World: By Mohd Kamal Hassan (Perak, Malaysia: Emerging Markets Innovative Research, 2011. 358 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1437
      flesch: 34
     summary: In- tended mainly for a non-Muslim audience, it seeks to represent the voice of Islamic moderation (al-wasaṭīyah) from the multi-ethnic, multi-religious Malaysian context. With a heavy focus on the writings of Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the concept of Islamic moderation is further analyzed in the hope that it will build a bridge of peaceful co-existence be- tween Muslims and non-Muslims.
    keywords: education; islamic; moderation; muslim
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        item: #71 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1071
      author: Høigilt, Jacob
       title: Taking to the Streets: The Transformation of Arab Activism By Lina Khatib and Ellen Lust, eds. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. 368 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1379
      flesch: 48
     summary: They also make the important points that activism in the Middle East often takes place outside formal institutions and that autocratic regimes cannot hin- der the continuous evolution of political activism. Wael Sawah and Salam Kawakibi argue that one of the most noteworthy aspects of the Syrian uprising was the change from nonpolitical to political activism and from small groups to coordinated, large-scale efforts.
    keywords: activism; case; politics; studies
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        item: #72 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1072
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: A Most Masculine State: Gender, Politics, and Religion in Saudi Arabia By Madawi Al-Rashid (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 333 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1563
      flesch: 43
     summary: Consequently, as Al-Rashid envisages, the battle in the twenty-first century will not be between marginalized women and authoritarian misogy- nist policies, but between two groups of women with different visions of their own society (p. 279). Saudi women in this context became “hostages” to the project of a “masculine authoritarian state” that continues to stake its legitimacy and sur- vival on the presumed faithfulness to such religious nationalism and to its al- liance with the Wahhabi ulama cohort.
    keywords: saudi; state; women
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        item: #73 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1073
      author: Giunchi, Elisa Ada
       title: Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law, Justice, and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition: By Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Kari Vogt, Lena Larsen, and Christian Moe, eds. (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2013. 320 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1300
      flesch: 41
     summary: Another issue that may have merited greater attention instead of just a brief mention in Al Sharmani’s essay is that of courtroom practice, as some Muslim judges have advanced in innovative ways a holistic approach to gender rights that blends human rights and Islam, thereby contributing to wider debates and doctrinal developments. Mohsen Kadivar reviews the rational and textual arguments for a “deserts-based justice,” which has led to unequal gender rights, and for egal- itarian justice, which he considers more in accord with “contemporary ration- ality” (p. 231) and with the spirit of the Qur’an.
    keywords: equality; gender; new; rights
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        item: #74 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1074
      author: Salois, Kendra
       title: Performing Piety: Singers and Actors in Egypt’s Islamic Revival By Karin van Nieuwkerk (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013. 320 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1562
      flesch: 45
     summary: At the same time, van Nieuwkerk frequently claims that her interlocutors’ celebrity status means their decisions have enormous impact on the piety movement, elite women, and Egyptian women in general (e.g., pp. Anthropologist Karin van Nieuwkerk’s latest book-length study addresses the phenomenon, widely discussed in Egyptian media since the 1990s, of cele- brated singers, actors, and dancers who withdraw from their professions to live according to what they believe are Islamically sound principles.
    keywords: nieuwkerk; piety; van; women
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        item: #75 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1075
      author: Gada, Mohd Yaseen
       title: The Future of the Arab Spring: Civic Entrepreneurship in Politics, Art, and Technology Startups By Maryam Jamshidi (Oxford, UK and Waltham, MA: Butterworth- Heinemann, 2013. 124 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1456
      flesch: 45
     summary: All of these were designed to remedy the entrepreneurs’ dismal socioeconomic conditions, and thus opened new windows for future technology-related entrepreneurs of various Arab Spring countries. Here she also explores and outlines various pre- and post-Arab Spring features (e.g., pre-Spring activist “Local Citizen Councils,” “peaceful Social and Political movements,” post- Spring “Volunteerism,” and “Internet Activism”), all of which made their own contributions.
    keywords: civic; entrepreneurship; spring
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        item: #76 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1076
      author: Hart, Kimberly
       title: The Reckoning of Pluralism: Political Belonging and the Demands of History in Turkey By Kabir Tambar (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014. 232 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1646
      flesch: 51
     summary: But according to the author, many contemporary Alevis in Turkey com- pletely embrace the political construction of their historiography and regard the activities in this mosque as irrelevant and/or threatening. Interestingly, Tambar describes how Çorum’s Alevis have accepted these objectifying constraints and reflected them back to the ethnographer, bemoaning their ignorance of Alevi life.
    keywords: alevis; book; state; tambar
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        item: #77 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1077
      author: Delgado, Jibreel
       title: Bourdieu and Historical Analysis: By Philip S. Gorski, ed. (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013. 422 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2138
      flesch: 39
     summary: I seek to an- swer this call, in part, by demonstrating the relevance of Pierre Bourdieu’s (d. 2002) theory to the study of Islam, Muslims, and Islamic movements. Christophe Charle’s “Comparative and Transnational History and the So- ciology of Pierre Bourdieu: Historical Theory and Practice” discusses this so- ciologist’s influence on French historiography.
    keywords: analysis; bourdieu; fields; islamic; study; theory
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        item: #78 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1078
      author: Ali, Mukhtar H.
       title: The Triumph of Mercy: Philosophy and Scripture in Mulla Sadra By Mohammed Rustom (New York: State University of New York Press, 2012. 243 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1700
      flesch: 56
     summary: Muhammad Rustom’s outstanding The Triumph of Mercy is a beautifully written study on the celebrated Islamic philosopher Mulla Sadra (d. 1050/1640). The author presents the essence of Sadra’s thought in the context of Tafsīr Sūrat al-Fātiḥah, his commentary on the Qur’an’s opening chapter, and discusses his methodology, influences, and spiritual outlook.
    keywords: chapter; qur’an; sadra
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        item: #79 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1079
      author: Lipton, G. A.
       title: Ibn ‘Arabi and the Contemporary West: Beshara and the Ibn ‘Arabi Society By Isobel Jeffery-Street (Sheffield, UK and Oakville, CT: Equinox, 2012. 298 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1908
      flesch: 43
     summary: Chapter 4 offers “summaries of the principal texts and teachings of the works of Ibn ‘Arabi used for study by the Beshara School” (p. 89). While such an association has been normalized within Western treatments of Ibn ‘Arabi and is, as Taji-Farouki notes, “consolidated through an emphasis of the Oneness of Being as a unifying theme” (Taji-Farouki, p. 189), it does not reflect the Andalusian Sufi’s repeated metaphysical assertion of the Prophet Muhammad’s cosmic supremacy and an attendant acceptance of Islamic su- persessionism.2 Indeed, Jeffery-Street’s uncritical appropriation of universalist interpretive frameworks leads to oversimplifications of Ibn ‘Arabi’s complex ideas regarding “religion” and thus blatant contradictions, such as her assertion that Ibn ‘Arabi “does not reject outward polytheism, provided that the wor- shippers of images and idols realize that there is one Reality behind these forms,” while on the same page stating “[a]ccording to Ibn ‘Arabi, an aware- 142 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:4 ajiss31-4_ajiss 9/26/2014 2:45 PM Page 142 ness of immanence alone leads to polytheism, which he strongly denounces” (p. 108).
    keywords: arabi; beshara; ibn
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        item: #80 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1080
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Incredible Ottoman Projects: By Turan Şahin (Istanbul: Blue Dome Press, 2013. 127 pages (full color))
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1087
      flesch: 45
     summary: Other projects included plans for tunnels, metro infrastructure, monumental bridges spanning the Golden Horn, and various canal projects. Specific projects reviewed include revitalization plans for the Hippo- drome, Beyazit Square, and Valide Sultan – each of which included widen- ing the plazas (including landscaping) and demolishing such major landmarks as the Sultan Ahmed mosque.
    keywords: book; ottoman; projects
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        item: #81 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1081
      author: Laabdi, Mourad
       title: The Formation of Islamic Hermeneutics: How Sunni Legal Theorists Imagined a Revealed Law By David R. Vishanoff (New Haven, CT: American Oriental Society, 2011. 344 pages.)
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1040
      flesch: 50
     summary: For this purpose, he strives to restore the reception and development of al-Shafi‘i’s (d. 820) legal hermeneutics dur- 146 David Vishanoff’s The Formation of Islamic Hermeneutics is a significant contribution to the study of Islamic legal theory and legal hermeneutics.
    keywords: law
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        item: #82 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1082
      author: Dastmalchian, Amir
       title: New Ventures into the Field of Interreligious Dialogue
        date: 2014.0
       words: 3394
      flesch: 46
     summary: Turning to some of the chapters of the volume we can begin by noting Leonard Swidler’s history of interreligious dialogue in chapter 1. Swidler charts the rise of interreligious dialogue and the increasing awareness of its need, postulating that we are now facing a significant new era in human his-
    keywords: chapter; christian; communication; dialogue; firestone; interfaith; islam; muslim
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        item: #83 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1083
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islamic Law and Ethics
        date: 2014.0
       words: 2445
      flesch: 50
     summary: Samy Ayoub (University of Arizona, “Necessity and Ethical Hierarchy in Islamic Law”) made several points: Conflict resolu- tion is the core function of any legal tradition, Muslim jurists have always re- garded fiqh’s key function as maintaining order and social harmony, and Islamic law also deals with ethics. Carl W. Ernst (University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, “Pluralism in Islamic Ethics”) opened by stating that there is no single ap- proach to Islamic ethics, which, in itself, is an “outsider” term absent from Is- lamic texts.
    keywords: ethics; fiqh; islamic; law; muslims; university
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        item: #84 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1084
      author: Siddiqui, Muhammad; Dorroll, Courtney
       title: IIIT Intellectual Panels
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1973
      flesch: 41
     summary: Ermin Sinanovic IIIT) ended the session by articulating IIIT’s mission and focus on reforming Islamic education by bringing together diverse schol- ars to address the issue of contemporary Islamic education. Session 1: Reform of Education Ebrahim Moosa (University of Notre Dame) contended that Islamic thought and education have stagnated due to Islamic institutions’ fear that secular ed- ucation will have a negative influence on Muslim education.
    keywords: education; iiit; islamic; muslim; session; university
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        item: #85 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1085
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: World Conference on Islamic Thought and Civilization: The Contemporary State of Muslim Affairs
        date: 2014.0
       words: 1657
      flesch: 43
     summary: Fatimah Abdullah (International Islamic University of Malaysia The second keynote speaker, Serif Ali Tekalan (vice-chancellor, Fatih Uni- versity, Turkey) spoke on “The Role of Waqf in Islamic Civilization: Turkey’s Experience in Waqf for Education.”
    keywords: civilization; conference; islamic; muslim; university; world
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        item: #86 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1086
      author: hanafi, Sari
       title: From Streamlining to Mainstreaming “Islamization of Knowledge”: The Case of the International Islamic University of Malaysia
        date: 2021.0
       words: 11870
      flesch: 46
     summary: To take a case study showing how students are exposed to such integration of knowledge, the Department of Economics posits itself as providing a Bachelors in Islamic Economics, where, in addition to integrating Islamic perspectives students receive 18 hours on fiqh and uṣūl al-fiqh and 12 hours in other Islamic courses. IIUM is involved in training sharī‘a court judges to increase their knowledge regarding civil law, in training civil courts on sharī‘a law,9 and in harmonizing civil and sharī‘a laws.10 The university also has three institutes—the Institute of Halal Research and Training (INHART), the Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance (IIiBF), and the International Institute of Islamic Civilisation and Malay World (ISTAC)—and the Centre for Islamic Economics, all of which work independently and together to ensure an interdisciplinary education.
    keywords: e t; economics; f r; faculty; iium; islamic; knowledge; m e; m l; m s; n j; n s; r e; r n; s t; social; students; t r; university
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        item: #87 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1088
      author: El-Affendi, Abdelwahab
       title: Arab Spring, Islamist Ice Age: Islamism, Democracy, and the Dictatorship of the “Liberalism of Fear” in the Era of Revolutions
        date: 2013.0
       words: 8374
      flesch: 49
     summary: The outcome was a decisive victory for Islamist groups. Moderate Islamist groups like Tunisia’s En- nahda Party look well suited to play this role and have done so.
    keywords: 8/16/2013; affendi; ajiss304; arab; brotherhood; democracy; egypt; groups; islamic; islamist; liberal; morsi; muslim; page; power; spring
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        item: #88 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1089
      author: Sabet, Amr G.E.
       title: Apostasy in Islam: By Taha Jabir Alalwani (London: IIIT, 2011. 157 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1666
      flesch: 51
     summary: As it stands, such hadiths were part of a power discourse constructed over time and linked to historical intra-Muslim political rivalries, much of which is being rehashed today. This lucid and concise book is an important and timely contribution in light of current intra-Muslim political rivalries that find their fueling justifications in the domain of “excommunication” and mutual accusations of disbelief and apostasy (takfīr).
    keywords: apostasy; muslim
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        item: #89 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1090
      author: Cory, Stephen
       title: Modern Islamist Movements: History, Religion, and Politics By Jon Armajani (Malden, MA and Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 233 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1105
      flesch: 48
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:4 ajiss304-special-issue_ajiss 8/16/2013 9:23 AM Page 112 as Bin Laden and other al-Qaida leaders have claimed. However, his use of chapter divisions titled with the names of different countries seems a bit artificial, since these chapters focus more on the particular individuals and movements associated with the rise of al-Qaida than with a comprehensive discussion of Islamist movements within the specific countries in question.
    keywords: islamist; qaida
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        item: #90 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1091
      author: Kayaoglu, Turan
       title: International Politics of the Persian Gulf: By Mehran Kamrava (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2011. 374 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1492
      flesch: 45
     summary: Persian Gulf security has therefore been internationalized. The Persian Gulf region is home to the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (viz., Oman, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia), Iran, and Iraq.
    keywords: gulf; politics; region; security
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        item: #91 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1092
      author: Hamid, Sadek
       title: Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics, and the Media By Nahid Afrose Kabir (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. 220 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1082
      flesch: 45
     summary: ajiss Young British Muslims: Identity, Culture, Politics, and the Media Nahid Afrose Kabir Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010. Overall, it makes a contribution to the nascent field of Muslim youth studies by offering windows into the hopes and aspirations of young British Muslims as well as presenting some interesting typologies of self-definition.
    keywords: british; chapter; identity; muslims
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        item: #92 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1093
      author: Correa, Dale J.
       title: The Islamic Scholarly Tradition: Studies in History, Law, and Thought in Honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook By Asad Q. Ahmed, Behnam Sadeghi, and Michael Bonner, eds. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011. 385 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1659
      flesch: 34
     summary: Its four sections are designed to reflect the prin- 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:4 ajiss304-special-issue_ajiss 8/16/2013 9:23 AM Page 120 cipal areas of Near Eastern and Islamic studies to which Cook has contributed: “Early Islamic History,” “Early Modern and Modern Islamic History,” “Ju- ridical and Intellectual History,” and “Reinterpretations and Transformations.” His study exemplifies the use of an alternative approach to early Islamic history, one that focuses on what compilations of historical reports tell us about contemporaneous political situations and reli- gious doctrine, as well as about the historiographic methods of pre-modern historians.
    keywords: century; history; islamic; ottoman
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        item: #93 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1094
      author: Sardar, Ziauddin
       title: The Future of the Arab Spring in Postnormal Times
        date: 2013.0
       words: 5667
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is a period of uncertainty, ambiguity, chaotic behavior, and rapid change that I have elsewhere described as “postnormal times. ”2 I contend that we need to grasp the context of postnormal times, which served as a catalyst for the Arab revolts and within which the long-term process of political transformation is taking place, to comprehend the dynamics of the Arab Spring and anticipate its trajectory.
    keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; article; complexity; constitution; egypt; islamic; society; spring; times
       cache: ajiss-1094.pdf
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        item: #94 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1095
      author: Hashemi, Nader
       title: Why Islam (Properly Understood) Is the Solution: Reflections on the Role of Religion in Tunisia’s Democratic Transition
        date: 2013.0
       words: 3768
      flesch: 44
     summary: An autocratic modernizing state, often with critical external support, suffo- cated civil society and thus forced oppositional activity into the mosque, which inadvertently contributed to the rise of political Islam. A comparative treatment of political secularism in Europe and the Islamic world helps to clarify this point.
    keywords: democracy; islamic; muslim; post; religion; tunisia; world
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        item: #95 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1096
      author: El Haitami, Meriem
       title: Women in Morocco: Re-conceptualizing Religious Activism
        date: 2013.0
       words: 6002
      flesch: 42
     summary: These have had an influential impact on the sociopolitical changes in Morocco, which notably included battles to reform family laws; however, female religious authorities seem to be having a more influential role in pro- moting the rights of Muslim women. Therefore, within this space the prac- tice of religion becomes institutionalized and engages the attendees in a col- lective moral conduct encouraged by Islamic teachings, which articulates the impact of female religious authorities on the wider community and paves the way for comprehensive social reform.
    keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; authority; ibid; islamic; moroccan; morocco; murshidāt; new; power; state; women
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        item: #96 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1097
      author: Pasuni, Afif
       title: The 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Islamists in Egypt and Malaysia: Similar Goals, Different Circumstances
        date: 2013.0
       words: 3883
      flesch: 47
     summary: The effect is not only limited to a single party, but encom- passes the whole political spectrum as other political parties grapple in the “Islamization” race not only to appear more Islamic, but also to link their gov- ernance with religious legitimacy. In both cases, the opposition Islamist groups made considerable gains; those in Egypt filled the vacuum left by the previous government, while in Malaysia PAS won the majority of oppo- sition votes in addition to the state of Terengganu and their stronghold state of Kelantan.
    keywords: egypt; egyptian; islamists; malaysia; opposition; party; pas; revolution
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        item: #97 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1098
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islamic Reform Movements after the Arab Spring
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1506
      flesch: 47
     summary: Peter Mandaville (George Mason University), addressing a panel discus- sion on “Islam and Politics after the Uprisings: Case Studies,” asked “How can we talk about post-Islamism if the Islamists won?” Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied (National University of Singapore), “An Islamicate Awakening: Revival and Reform in the Arab World and the ABIM Connection,” asserted that there is too much emphasis on the Middle East and North Africa, for the ummah is vast and interconnected.
    keywords: brotherhood; muslim; spring; university
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        item: #98 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1099
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Ibn Hazm’s Legal Contribution
        date: 2013.0
       words: 2647
      flesch: 60
     summary: ‘Abd al-Halim ‘Uways, Ibn Hazm al-Andalus¥: Juh´duh´ f¥ al-Baúth al-TŒr¥kh¥ al-îaèŒr¥ (Cairo: al-Zahra’ li al-I‘lam al-‘Arabi, 1988), 90. 10. Sharaf al-Din Abd al-Hamid Amin, Ibn Hazm al-Andalus¥ wa Naqd al- ‘Aql al-U§´l¥ (Kuwait: Dar Su‘ad al-Sabah, 1995), 54; ‘Uways, Ibn Hazm, 90.
    keywords: analogy; consensus; hazm; ibn; ibn hazm; islam; law
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        item: #99 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1100
      author: al-Azami, Usaama
       title: Observing the Observer: The State of Islamic Studies in American Universities By Mumtaz Ahmad, Zahid Bukhari, and Sulayman Nyang, eds. (Herndon, VA: IIIT, 2012. 258 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1616
      flesch: 48
     summary: This excellent study brings together a number of widely regarded Western scholars of Islam as contributors on the nature and history of Islamic studies in the American academy. The editors state that they seek to inform the lay reader as well as scholars in the field, but also feel that the “data and analyses […] will be immensely valuable for educational planners and administrators who are in- terested in strengthening programs of Islamic studies in institutions of higher learning” (p. xxvii).
    keywords: essay; islam; islamic; studies
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        item: #100 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1101
      author: al-Azami, Usaama
       title: Contemporary Approaches to the Qur’an and Sunnah: By Mahmoud Ayoub (ed.) Herndon, VA: IIIT, 2012. 230 pages.
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1574
      flesch: 51
     summary: Given the capacious title, the work naturally offers essays – ten to be precise – from a wide range of disciplines, including Qur’anic and hadith studies as well Is- lamic law, theology, history, and comparative religion. Being the first iteration of this series, it is perhaps somewhat unsurprising that the work’s overall qual- Book Reviews 97 ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 97 ity is somewhat under par, with individual essays varying considerably in quality.
    keywords: essay; islamic; qur’an; work
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        item: #101 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1102
      author: Johnston, David L.
       title: Toward Our Reformation: From Legalism to Value-oriented Islamic Law and Jurisprudence By Mohammad Omar Farooq (London and Herndon, VA: IIIT, 2011. 323 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1654
      flesch: 54
     summary: This book, by contrast, is written by an insider telling other insiders (Mus- lims) that Islamic law needs serious revamping, a weighty charge indeed. Perhaps his indignation over its long-term abuse has led him to leave it aside and focus on “Islamic law.”
    keywords: book; farooq; islamic; law
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        item: #102 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1103
      author: Rufai, Saheed Ahmad
       title: The Qur’anic Worldview: A Springboard for Cultural Reform By AbdulHamid AbuSulayman (London: IIIT, 2011. 179 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1550
      flesch: 37
     summary: His argument consists of three points: (1) an emphasis on the need to “identify the methodological and ideational relationship between contemporary Islamic social sciences and both the Islamic heritage and modern western social sciences on the level of sources, ideational content, and study and research methods” (p. 130); (2) the link between modern western social sciences and the Islamization of knowl- edge lies “at the heart of the Islamic social sciences and having to do with both content and method” (p. 132); and (3) a definition of the social sciences by claiming that “the function of jurisprudence and the law is, first and fore- most, formal in nature, while the function of the social sciences is primarily intellectual or ideational” (p. 133). The implication here is that students specialize in Islamic studies and, if they desire to pursue a secondary special- ization or minor, spend an additional year (for 30 or 40 credit hours) to receive a B.A. in Islamic studies and another one in any area of humanities or social 106 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:3 ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 106 sciences.
    keywords: islamic; social
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        item: #103 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1104
      author: Ebrahimian, Mojtaba
       title: The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History: By Touraj Daryaee, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 398 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1576
      flesch: 34
     summary: Narrating the history of a nation from approximately 1,000,000 BCE to 2009 CE in 389 pages is a daunting and noteworthy task undertaken by the scholars who have contributed to The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. This col- lection of sixteen short essays by distinguished anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and philologists of the Iranian world divides Iranian history into three general periods: ancient, medieval, and modern.
    keywords: chapter; empire; history; iran; iranian
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        item: #104 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1105
      author: Piela, Anna
       title: Muslim Diaspora in the West: Negotiating Gender, Home, and Belonging By Haideh Moghissi and Halleh Ghorashi, eds. (Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2011. 228 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1139
      flesch: 37
     summary: The focus on gender, home, and belonging em- phasizes the particular challenge faced by Muslim women: Their bodies are the battleground for the ideological wars fought by western governments on the one hand, and by political Islamists on the other (pp. 30-31). Many chapters, for example Farkhani’s, Balchin’s, Farkhondeh’s, Buitelaar and Stock’s, and Moghissi’s, demonstrate clearly that Muslim women who participated in their research effectively defy the stereotype of silent, passive women who are prevented from exerting their agency by patriarchal religious men; however, these essays are careful and nuanced in that they identify creative and original strategies developed by these women to negotiate their multi-layered identities.
    keywords: belonging; muslim; united; women
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        item: #105 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1106
      author: Shafi, Sophia Rose
       title: Islam and Christianity: Theological Themes in Comparative Perspective By John Renard (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. 344 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1480
      flesch: 44
     summary: For those of us in the latter group of scholars, fiqh, tafs¥r, isnŒd, ma- dhŒhib, ijtihŒd, and kalŒm are familiar terms, while sacramental theology, Mariology, systematic theology, and practical theology may cause a wrinkling of the brow and an inquiry to a colleague who teaches such matters. While his single paragraph on Shi‘i theology, placed before the standard closing comparative piece, is a bit brief, at least it is there (more than one can say of many Islamic scholars who focus on one sub-tradition or another, as if it were the only community in history).
    keywords: chapter; islamic; renard; theology
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        item: #106 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1107
      author: Ahmad, Junaid S.
       title: Capitalism and Class in the Gulf Arab States : By Adam Hanieh (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 266 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1082
      flesch: 46
     summary: Thus the “develop- ment of class and state throughout the Middle East is deeply wrapped up in the formation of Khaliji capital” and should be understood from a regional perspective (p. 164). The author’s estimation of the 2008 financial crisis and his constant emphasis on the “in- terdependent” nature of global capital (with special reference to the GCC) compels the reader to understand capitalism as an enterprise that cannot sus- tain itself within the boundaries of the nation-state.
    keywords: capital; class; states
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        item: #107 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1108
      author: Morrow, John Andrew
       title: Herbal Medicine in Yemen: Traditional Knowledge and Practice, and Their Value for Today’s World By Ingrid Hehmeyer and Hanne Schönig, eds. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2012. 249 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1824
      flesch: 54
     summary: Chapter 10, Ulrike Lindequist’s “A Pharmacist’s View of the Potential Value to Modern Medicine of Plants and Fungi Used by Traditional Medicine in Yemen,” reports that “extracts of 108 species (about 60 percent of the whole number tested) showed one or more remarkable biological activities” (p. 187). Chapter 6, Ester Muchawsky-Schnappers “Healing through Medicinal Plants,” overviews the Jewish Yemenites’ me- dicinal treatments prior to their mass migration to Israel around 1950.
    keywords: chapter; coffee; medicine; yemen
       cache: ajiss-1108.pdf
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        item: #108 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1109
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Hallaq’s Challenge: Can the Shari‘ah Save Us from Modernity?
        date: 2013.0
       words: 5026
      flesch: 38
     summary: When not used for oppression, the machinery of state governance can be turned by leaders into a represen- tative of the people’s will, determining thereby what the state will become: a liberal democracy, a socialist regime, or an Islamic state implementing the values and ideals enshrined in the Qur’an and those that the Prophet had once realized in his “mini-state” of Medina. Ovamir Anjum Abstract Wael Hallaq, a leading western scholar of Islamic law, throws down the gauntlet in this daring book, challenging not only Orien- talist distortions of Islam but also turning the tables on modernity, the ubiquitous and ineluctable paradigm that informs nearly all thinking, Muslim and non-Muslim, about the Shari‘ah.
    keywords: hallaq; islamic; law; modernity; moral; muslim; shari‘ah; state
       cache: ajiss-1109.pdf
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        item: #109 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1110
      author: Abdullah, Omer Bin
       title: Did Pakistanis Vote for the Status Quo?
        date: 2013.0
       words: 6228
      flesch: 58
     summary: In comparison to this landslide, the wildly pop- ular Pakistan Tehreek Insaf (PTI; Pakistan Justice Movement), led by the in- ternationally loved and renowned sports hero-turned-philanthropist and Oxford-educated political leader Imran Khan, secured only twenty-eight na- tional assembly seats. Imran Khan, Pakistan: A Personal History (London: Bantam Press, 2011). 34. http://www.ualberta.ca/~rnoor/aitchison_college.html (accessed 15 May 2013).
    keywords: ajiss303; country; election; hasan_ajiss; imran; karachi; khan; lahore; national; nawaz; page; pakistan; party; power; pti; sharif
       cache: ajiss-1110.pdf
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        item: #110 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1111
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Jewish Revival and Respect for Islam in Nineteenth-Century Europe
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1605
      flesch: 44
     summary: He promoted the integration of Jewish studies in seminaries and uni- ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 150 versities, insisting that the study of rabbinic Judaism was essential to under- standing the place of Jesus and the origins of Christianity. In European universities, Jewish scholars sought to present Islam to European readers as objectively as they could and to emphasize the Muslims’ achievements during the Middle Ages, which laid the basis for the Renaissance via scholarly production, literature, exploration, and travel writing.
    keywords: christian; europe; islam; judaism; religions
       cache: ajiss-1111.pdf
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        item: #111 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1112
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Reading the Qur’an Contextually
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1427
      flesch: 57
     summary: He is concerned with this third type, which poses particular challenges as regards how such texts are to be made relevant to the changed circumstances of the contemporary world. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 153 ajiss303-for hasan_ajiss 6/14/2013 3:38 AM Page 153 Saeed began his presentation by defining context, which he said goes hand in hand with text, in two ways: (1) the linguistic context of the text in which the verse actually functions and (2) the macro-context of the text, which en- compasses the social, politicial, economic, intellectual, and cultural milieux in which a particular text functions.
    keywords: approach; text; women
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        item: #112 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1114
      author: Osborne, Lauren
       title: Muslim Environmentalisms: Religious and Social Foundations by Anna M. Gade
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1516
      flesch: 42
     summary: The work is in conversation not only with previous Islamic Studies works on the environ- ment, such as Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s several earlier works in this area as well as Sarra Tlili’s more recent Animals in the Qur’an, but also recent crit- ical interrogations field-forming discourses such as Shahab Ahmed’s While the global environmental crisis has escalated rapidly in recent years, work at the intersection of Islamic Studies and Environmental Studies is a newly developing area, to which Anna Gade’s Muslim Environmentalisms: Religious and Social Foundations presents a significant contribution.
    keywords: book; gade; islamic
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        item: #113 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1118
      author: Urban, Elizabeth
       title: Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures by Bernard K. Freamon
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1549
      flesch: 43
     summary: Freamon never falls into the trap of ar- guing that Islamic slavery is therefore benign; rather, he ends the book by suggesting that “to be ‘possessed by the right hand’ is no longer a good thing” (516). In an insightful section from Chapter 3, Freamon highlights Ahmad ibn Tulun’s legacy in establishing military slavery in Egypt and “elaborat[ing] the variety of functions that slaves could play in Egyptian society” (211).
    keywords: chapter; islamic; slavery; world
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        item: #114 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1129
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Ibn Hazm: Profile of a Muslim Scholar
        date: 2013.0
       words: 2592
      flesch: 64
     summary: Ibn Hazm was thus almost as prolific a writer as Ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 923). Editorial Ibn Hazm: Profile of a Muslim Scholar
    keywords: father; hazm; ibn; ibn hazm; origin; scholars; women
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        item: #115 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1130
      author: Lizzio, Celene Ayat
       title: Finding Mecca in America: How Islam is Becoming an American Religion By Mucahit Bilici (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2012. 257 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1028
      flesch: 36
     summary: Yet, given the rate of growth and development of American Muslim institutions and social networks, it may be more apt to speak of Islam as part of an American multireligious heritage. In Finding Mecca in America: How Islam is Becoming an American Religion, Muchit Bilici explores the rapid increase of American Muslim educational, cultural, religious, and civic institutions, as well as how September 11, the so-called war on terror, and most recently media coverage of the Arab Spring have given American Muslims a unique visibility in the American public sphere.
    keywords: american; bilici; islam; muslim
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        item: #116 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1131
      author: Shafi, Sophia Rose
       title: Beyond the “Wild Tribes”: Understanding Modern Afghanistan and Its Diaspora By Ceri Oeppen and Angela Schlenkhoff, eds. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. 223 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1644
      flesch: 49
     summary: In Beyond the “Wild Tribes”: Understanding Modern Afghanistan and Its Diaspora, the country and its people are presented in a far more compli- cated fashion than the usual this-place-is-doomed mantra. Ceri Oppen and Angela Schlenkoff’s “Beyond the ‘Wild Tribes’: Working Toward an Understanding of Contemporary Afghanistan” imparts a brief his- tory of the study of Afghanistan and identifies various problems in the field, including outdated sources and a good degree of romanticism.
    keywords: afghanistan; country; diaspora; studies
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        item: #117 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1134
      author: Kayaoglu, Turan
       title: Civil Society and Women Activists in the Middle East: Islamic and Secular Organizations in Egypt By Wanda Krause (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012. 288 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1221
      flesch: 41
     summary: Focusing on Egypt, the author carefully details the political, economic, and historical experiences of Egyptian women. The work that Egyptian women have done in the civil society sphere to target the multifaceted oppressive structures has yielded significant and sustainable political outcomes (p. 151).
    keywords: krause; women
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        item: #118 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1135
      author: Sahin, Emrah
       title: Localizing Islam in Europe: Turkish Islamic Communities in Germany and the Netherlands By Ahmet Yükleyen (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2012. 280 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1308
      flesch: 36
     summary: Two of Yükleyen’s major contentions are that the migration experience increased religiosity among Turkish Muslim immigrants in Europe and that during the 1980s Turkish Muslim organizations struggled to control each mosque. Localising Islam would have been well served by providing a more bal- anced account of Turkish Islamic organizations.
    keywords: europe; germany; islam; organizations
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        item: #119 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1137
      author: Wilson, Brett
       title: Ottoman Ulema, Turkish Republic: Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition By Amit Bein (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011. 224 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 812
      flesch: 47
     summary: Much has been written about religion and secularism in Turkey over the past decades, but detailed histories of the late Ottoman and modern Turkish ulema have been few and far between. He pub- licly resigned from the Turkish nation and repeatedly argued that colonial rule was preferable to independence that entailed religious reform.
    keywords: bein; ulema
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        item: #120 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1138
      author: Pirbhai, M. Reza
       title: Symbols of Authority in Medieval Islam: History, Religion, and Muslim Legitimacy in the Delhi Sultanate By Blain H. Auer (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012. 237 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1149
      flesch: 41
     summary: The book presents a far richer yet concise alter- native, making it a valuable addition to the scholarly understanding of the Delhi Sultanate in particular and of Islamic modes of political legitimation more generally. By describing shari‘ah as “codified in a restricted body of legal rules,” for example, the author not only skirts a large contingent of specialized studies on Islamic law that disagrees, but falls into the very assumptions about Islamic law held by previous approaches otherwise critiqued (p. 135).
    keywords: delhi; islamic
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        item: #121 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1140
      author: Sodiq, Yushau
       title: Islam, Religion, Practice, Culture and World Order: By Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2012. 96 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1631
      flesch: 61
     summary: Isma‘il al-Faruqi (1921-86), a reformer, a visionary, and a great modern scholar, wrote on several aspects of Islam and Muslim interactions with major spiritual traditions of the world. In part 1, al-Faruqi eloquently defines who is a Muslim, what Islam is, and why a Muslim is a Muslim.
    keywords: faruqi; islam; muslim
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        item: #122 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1141
      author: Marie, Farzana
       title: Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular Female Artist By Kamran Talattof (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2011. hbk. 288 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1225
      flesch: 45
     summary: Through the lens of her life and legacy, he argues that true modernity can never fully emerge without space for the discussion of sexuality – especially that of women. Finding other explanations for the country’s lagging modernity inadequate, he posits that true modernity is connected to a healthy acknowledgment of human (and especially female) sexuality, which is lacking in Iran.
    keywords: iran; life; modernity
       cache: ajiss-1141.pdf
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        item: #123 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1143
      author: Lawson, Todd
       title: The Origins of the Shi‘a: Identity, Ritual, and Sacred Space in Eighth-Century Kufa By Najam Haider (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 278 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1160
      flesch: 46
     summary: This book will be of interest to scholars in a variety of fields and disciplines: Islamic studies (history, thought, institutions, and modern developments), his- tory, religion, anthropology, and sociology, to name a few that immediately come to mind. The third part is where the author ap- plies his study and analysis to bring forth a fresh version of the rise of Zaydi Islam, a fresh appreciation of the role of ritual in early Islam among various groups, and a fresh appreciation for the importance of urban geography for the understanding of islamicate communalism.
    keywords: book; history
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        item: #124 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1144
      author: Sekaleshfar, F. B.
       title: Religion and Revolution: Spiritual and Political Islam in Ernesto Cardenal By John Andrew Morrow (Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012. hbk. 339 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1316
      flesch: 48
     summary: The narrative is the story of Reverend Father Ernesto Cardenal, a Nicaraguan revolutionary Christian priest who had progressively acquired some spiritual and revolutionary interests in Islam after visiting certain Middle Eastern countries, especially Iran. Whether Cardenal is seen as merely a medium for Morrow to express his own findings on Sufism and Iran or as an end in itself is up to the reader.
    keywords: cardenal; chapter; iran
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        item: #125 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1146
      author: Olawale, Sulaiman Kamal-deen
       title: The Emergence of a Muslim Minority in the Ado-Ekiti Kingdom of Southwestern Nigeria
        date: 2013.0
       words: 6812
      flesch: 60
     summary: M. A. Kareem, “Advent and Spread of Islam in Ekiti-State, 1840-2000 C.E” (Ph.D. thesis, Department of Religious, University of Ado Ekiti, 2009), 14-20. K. M. Raji, “Da’wah Activities of Shaykh Jamiu Ademuakun Ogunrinde A. K. A. Larubawa and Dandawi in Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State” (M. A dissertation, Depart- ment of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Ibadan, 2001), 52. 15.
    keywords: ado; century; ekiti; ibadan; islam; islamic; journal; king; muslim; nigeria; people; state; studies; university
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        item: #126 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1147
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islamic Political Thought after the Arab Spring
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1115
      flesch: 59
     summary: After open- ing with several questions – How have the events in the Middle East and Arab world influenced and continued to shape Islamic political thought? – he began to make his case that the underlying political theory of the Arab Spring represents something new in Islamic political thought.
    keywords: islamic; sunni; thought
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        item: #127 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1148
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Prospects and Dimensions of Conflict Resolution Programs in the Islamic Context
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1015
      flesch: 48
     summary: Prospects and Dimensions of Conflict Resolution Programs in the Islamic Context Amr Abdalla (professor and vice rector, University for Peace, San Jose, Costa Rica) visited the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) on February 1, 2013, to discuss the challenges of conflict resolution and peace that has caught the attention of so many Muslim and non-Muslim scholars and poli- cymakers for several decades. The outbreak of the Arab Spring, which has resulted in several Islamist groups taking power, has raised various questions: Why is it important to talk 150 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:2 about conflict resolution and peace building in an Islamic context?
    keywords: conflict; islamic; resolution
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        item: #128 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1150
      author: Kayadibi, Saim
       title: SMIIC Forum 2012
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1339
      flesch: 30
     summary: Metin Eker (general director, COMCEC Coordination Office) highlighted the necessity of cooperation among OIC member countries to eradicate trade barriers and dif- ficulties that hinder economic cooperation. The 160 delegates, who came from thirty-five coun- tries, represented the National Standardisation Bodies (NSB), important na- tional organizations of member countries, and such international organi- zations as the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), the In- ternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC), the Standardisation Organi- sation for the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GSO), the Turkish Standards Institution (TSE), the Turkish Accreditation Agency (TURKAK), the Saudi Standards Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), the Malaysian National Metrology Laboratory (SIRIM), the Inter- national Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC), the OIC General Secretariat, the Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Co- operation (COMCEC), the Statistical Economic and Social Research and Training Centre (SESRIC), and the Islamic Centre for the Development of Trade (ICDT).
    keywords: countries; international; islamic; metrology; national; standards
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        item: #129 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1151
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Why Muslims Will Always Sacrifice Animals on the Eid
        date: 2013.0
       words: 2713
      flesch: 62
     summary: Boldly claiming that some Muslims are calling “for an end to animal sacrifice,” she cites these “no- table animal advocates” and, full of passion and confidence, states that “many Muslims do not see the tradition of sacrifice to be serving ‘their understanding of Islam.’” The activists’ proposal assumes that poor Muslims do not need the meat.
    keywords: animals; god; muslims; qur’an; sacrifice
       cache: ajiss-1151.pdf
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        item: #130 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1152
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: Suicide of a Superpower: By Patrick J. Buchanan (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2011. 488 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 966
      flesch: 57
     summary: The explanation he offers for this is framed within the context of the United States losing its Christian character, implying that non-Christians do not belong there; the breakdown of society’s moral, cultural, and social fabric, read as opposition to multiculturalism as well as to liberal values and policies; and the dying of the people who created this nation, which is now being over- whelmed by a rapidly increasing flow of immigrants and members of other races and ethnicities. As far as the United States is concerned, this means the whites who must be and have both.
    keywords: buchanan; states; united
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        item: #131 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1153
      author: Sodiq, Yushau
       title: Feeling Betrayed: The Roots of Muslim Anger at America By Steven Kull (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2011. 237 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1331
      flesch: 56
     summary: In fact, many other polls reveal that millions of Muslims hold a positive image of the United States. Kull talks extensively about al-Qaeda and then reveals something quite surprising: Many Muslims consider it less threatening than the United States because it is defending Islam against the American threat and its expansion in the Muslim world.
    keywords: muslims; states; united
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        item: #132 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1155
      author: Warren, David H.
       title: Observing the Observer: The State of Islamic Studies in American Universities By Mumtaz Ahmad, Zahid Bukhari, and Sulayman Nyang, eds. (London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2012. 258 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1159
      flesch: 36
     summary: As such, the reader will perhaps be both encouraged and disappointed by the state of Islamic studies in equal measure. Seyyed Hossein Nasr is, in turn, sharply critical of Islamic studies in the United States when compared to European universities.
    keywords: american; islam; islamic; studies
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        item: #133 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1156
      author: Seedat, Fatima
       title: An Islam of Her Own: Reconsidering Religion and Secularism in Women’s Islamic Movements By Sherine Hafez (New York: New York University Press, 2011. 208 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1317
      flesch: 39
     summary: As they work to improve their role and status in society, Egyptian women move seamlessly through public and private spheres and thereby make public what the state intends to be private. It fur- ther allows her to reject feminist representations of Islamic women torn be- tween Islam and secularism, as well as the reified binary constructs of state and domestic spaces mediated through the struggle over women’s bodies.
    keywords: activists; women
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        item: #134 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1158
      author: Nguyen, Martin
       title: Gnostic Apocalypse and Islam: Qur’an, Exegesis, Messianism, and the Literary Origins of the Babi Religion By Todd Lawson (London and New York: Routledge, 2012. 228 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1096
      flesch: 52
     summary: The text in question is Tafs¥r S´rah Y´suf, also known as Qayy´m al-AsmŒ’ and Aúsan al-Qa§a§. Available only in manuscript form, the Tafs¥r is an early and critically impor- tant text for understanding the rise of Babism, a messianic new religious movement that emerged out of Shi‘ism. In his Gnostic Apocalypse and Islam, Todd Lawson provides a rich and mul- tifaceted exploration of an unconventional exegetical text by Ali Muhammad Shirazi (d. 1850), more prominently known as the Bab.
    keywords: lawson; tafs¥r; text
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        item: #135 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1159
      author: DeWeese, Devin
       title: Islam in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan: The Morality of Experience By Johan Rasanayagam (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 281 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1988
      flesch: 22
     summary: One wonders if he is not providing an updated, but no less misleading, contrast along the lines of the Sovietological constructions of “of- ficial Islam” vs. “unofficial” or “parallel” or “underground” Islam; indeed, the author goes too far, to this reviewer’s mind, in equating government-tol- erated Islam with “national” manifestations of Muslim religious practice, in- sofar as the state also supports, if less directly (and quite ironically), the official religious board that sponsors scripturalist madrasa training and contributes in 106 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30:1 ajiss301-latest_ajiss 12/10/2012 6:55 PM Page 106 other ways as well to the production of critics of various aspects of the “na- tional” practice of Islam. This volume is a good contribution to the growing body of ethnographic lit- erature on religious life in Central Asia; it adds substantively to the diverse perspectives on the practice of Islam in Uzbekistan that have begun to emerge as, in effect, pieces of a puzzle that no single study has yet attempted to in- tegrate into a fuller picture, yet it suffers from some of the problems that plague nearly all recent ethnographic works on Central Asia, including an over-reliance on terminological discussion at the expense of the “voices” of the author’s informants, and a palpable reluctance to engage with any kind of historical perspective (beyond the Soviet era) that might illuminate reli- gious life today.
    keywords: author; islam; religion; soviet
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        item: #136 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1161
      author: Sunardi, Christina
       title: The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past By Michael Laffan (Princeton and Oxford, UK: Princeton University Press, 2011. 320 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1446
      flesch: 38
     summary: With its exploration of the makings of Indonesian Islam on multiple levels, this book would be of particular in- terest to specialists (especially historians) of Indonesia, Southeast Asia more broadly, Islam, and colonialism. Snouck, however, although working to better understand the religion in the region so that the colonial state could better control its subjects (pp. 146, 148), also contributed to the misrepresentation of Indonesian Islam.
    keywords: dutch; indonesian; islam
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        item: #137 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1162
      author: Johnston, David
       title: Christian and Muslim Dialogues: The Religious Uses of a Literary Form in the Early Islamic Middle East By David Bertaina (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011. 285 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1123
      flesch: 49
     summary: 34-36): the Melkites (the ex-Byzantine, Orthodox Christians who later lived under Islamic rule), the Jacobites (the Coptic and Syriac-speaking Christians of “West Syria”), and the “Church of the East” (the Nestorians who had lived in the Sasanian Empire). In the third chapter (“Dialogue as Conquest and Conversion”), Bertaina argues that although Christians were not dramatically affected by the sweeping Muslim conquests and the campaigns of Islamization did not start till the end of the Umayyad period (without yielding many conversions until the next cen- tury), Christian dialogues of the period reveal a noticeable anxiety about con- versions.
    keywords: bertaina; christians; dialogue
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        item: #138 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1164
      author: Woodlock, Rachel
       title: Islam and Liberal Citizenship: The Search for an Overlapping Consensus By Andrew March (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 350 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1103
      flesch: 37
     summary: The second part, “Islam and Liberal Citizenship: Patterns of Moral Dis- agreement and Principled Reconciliation,” presents the first set of sources on the objections to citizenship, the “No” answer to whether Muslims may reside under non-Muslim rule. After this, he outlines key requirements for citizenship affirmation: permissibility of residency, loyalty to the non-Muslim state, recognition of pluralism, commitment to justice, sol- idarity with other (non-Muslim) citizens, and political participation.
    keywords: march; muslims; non
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        item: #139 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1165
      author: Bazzano, Elliott
       title: Islam and the Fate of Others: The Salvation Question By Mohammad Hassan Khalil (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 272 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1745
      flesch: 57
     summary: And although when discussing Ibn al-‘Arabi Khalil cites Chittick extensively, he does not mention Sands’ monograph on Sufi Qur’an commentaries, which treats not only the approaches of Ibn al-‘Arabi, but also of al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyya. Detailing the arguments of each thinker Khalil examines would be im- possible, given the space limitations of this review.
    keywords: fate; ibn; islam; khalil; muslims
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        item: #140 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1167
      author: Baugh, Carolyn
       title: Imam Shafi‘i: Scholar and Saint By Kecia Ali (Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2011. 160 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1546
      flesch: 51
     summary: Kecia Ali has performed a great service for Islamic studies by harmonizing early sources with the most compelling recent scholarship to produce a biog- raphy of Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i (d. 204/820), one of Islam’s most important figures. Ali cogently describes how all of these became tools for elaborating the bayŒn, and how al-Shafi‘i took full advantage of any ambiguity in the language of revelation to widen his ability to interpret it with flexibility.
    keywords: ali; imam; shafi‘i
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        item: #141 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1168
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective By Gabriel Said Reynolds (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012. 226 pages.)
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1172
      flesch: 49
     summary: These are followed by chapter 6, “Rethinking the Biography of Prophet Muhammad,” and chapter 7, “The Historical Context of the Qur’an,” wherein Reynolds asks what the Qur’an itself might teach us about the “story” of Islam’s origins. Part 2 provides a “critical” scholarly perspective of Islam’s rise through presenting the Qur’an, which, according to the author, is the “most ancient,” earliest and primordial (p. x), and “most intriguing” source of its emergence (p. 167).
    keywords: emergence; islam; qur’an
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        item: #142 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1170
      author: Ibrahim, Mohammad Saani
       title: The Burdah as a Sufi and Healing Document
        date: 2013.0
       words: 5058
      flesch: 71
     summary: ‘Abd Allah al-Sanhaji al-Busiri al-Masri Sharaf ad-Din Abu ‘Abd Allah. Abstract The author of this article proposes that the Burdah of al-Busiri is a multi-thematic poetical work with multi-functional uses.
    keywords: ajiss301; burdah; busiri; healing; ibid; ibn; latest_ajiss; poem; prophet; sufi; verses
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        item: #143 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1171
      author: Lizzio, Celene Ayat
       title: Religious Dimensions of Democratization Processes in Muslim-Majority Nations
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1738
      flesch: 25
     summary: The first panel, “The Arab Spring: A Revolution towards Democracy,” was chaired by Narges Erami (Yale University). Discussant Jonathan Wyrtzen (Yale University) probed the geographical, synchronic, episodic, and contingent dimensions of democracy and fleshed out how the trajectory of colonialism, decolonialism, post-colonialism, and imperialism has affected the ways westerners frame and understand the uprisings in the African and Arab regions.
    keywords: democracy; new; panel; spring; university; yale
       cache: ajiss-1171.pdf
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        item: #144 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1172
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: IIIT Intellectual Panels at the ISNA 49th Annual Convention
        date: 2013.0
       words: 3799
      flesch: 60
     summary: Joseph Montville (George Mason University) commented that Islam has stimulated a deeply engaged analysis of God in history. Discussant Ali Mazrui (SUNY Binghamton) recounted instances of being told by various university administrators to teach mainly classical- and me- dieval-era classes on Islam to avoid such “sensitive” issues as Israel, which any class on contemporary Islam would have to address.
    keywords: approach; god; iiit; islamic; muslims; page; parents; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-1172.pdf
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        item: #145 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1174
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: The IAMCR “Islam and Media” Working Group
        date: 2013.0
       words: 1249
      flesch: 34
     summary: Held during 15-20 July 2012 at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Dur- ban, South Africa, this international conference featured five sessions organ- ized by the working group’s Chair Basyouni Hamada (Cairo University) and his team. In her “An Analysis of Egyptian Journal- ism Attitudes towards the Islamist Political Power during and after the Par- liament Elections 2012,” Elamira Saleh (Cairo University) examined journalistic accounts of Islamic political power and how their authors both stressed and downplayed certain information.
    keywords: communication; islam; journalism; media; university
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        item: #146 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1175
      author: Cleaver, Ahmad Eldridge
       title: The Authority of the Sunnah According to the Qur’anic Text
        date: 2013.0
       words: 11097
      flesch: 65
     summary: Al-Shatibi, Al-MuwŒfaqŒt, 4:323; Al-Shinqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad, Na`ru al-Warūd ‘alŒ Murāqib al-Sa‘ūd (Beirut: 2004), 202; Lowry, Joseph E., “The Legal Hermeneutics of al-Shafiʿi and Ibn Qutayba: Al-‘Auwfiy, ‘Aoud ibn Raja‘a, Al-WilayŒt fī NikŒh, (Madinah: 2002) 1:65, Al- Busairi, Dictionary, 107, 288, 294, 362; Al-Shinqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad, Sharḥ Aād al-Mustghan‘i, transcripts of lectures by http://www. islamweibnnet, section 273; Qurtubi, MukhtŒr Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 14:187-88.
    keywords: adil; bayœn; god; ibn; ibn al; ibn kathir; islamic; jawœhir al; jœmi; muhammad; mukhtœr; qurtubi; qur’an; sunnah; tabari; tafs¥r al
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        item: #147 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1177
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Sayyid Qutb on the Qur’an’s Artistic and Activist Dimensions
        date: 2012.0
       words: 2498
      flesch: 57
     summary: Other books include Al-Ta§w¥r al-Fann¥ f¥ al-Qur’Œn, MashŒhid al-QiyŒmah f¥ al-Qur’Œn, Al-‘AdalŒh al-IjtimŒ‘¥yah f¥ al-Qur’Œn, Al-IslŒm wa MushkilŒt al- îaèŒrah, Al-SalŒm al-‘lam¥ wa al-IslŒm, and Al-Mustaqbal li Sayyid Qutb and His Book Named “Sayyid” the son of al-Hajj Qutb, he sometimes confuses many who understand Arabic and are familiar with Arab and Islamic culture, as they take his real name “Sayyid” for an epithet of reverence and leadership.
    keywords: islamic; qur’an; qur’œn; qutb; ta§w¥r
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        item: #148 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1178
      author: Sodiq, Yushau
       title: Gender and Islam in Africa: Rights, Sexuality, and Law By Margot Badran, ed. (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2011. 324 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1435
      flesch: 56
     summary: Gender and Islam in Africa is a great contribution to the scholarship on African women. The contributors, all of whom come from different disci- plines, seek to elevate the status of women by promoting gender equality, human rights, and democracy in androcentric African societies.
    keywords: chapter; gender; law; women
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        item: #149 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1179
      author: Goldin, Farideh
       title: Jewish Identities in Iran: Resistance and Conversion to Islam and the Baha’i Faith By Mehrdad Amanat (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2011. 279 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1205
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although Amanat, similar to many Iranian Jewish scholars such as Amnon Netzer, acknowledges that the “Miseries of a Jewish Life” (chapter 7) in Iran forced many Jews to step out of their traditional faith, unlike these scholars he views such conversions as a source of personal pride, not as a stain on his family history that has to be explained away. Chapter 6, “Rayhan Rayhani: A Peddler Living Through Critical Times,” is a rare account of Jewish life in the early 1800s.
    keywords: baha’i; faith; jews
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        item: #150 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1181
      author: Afridi, Mehnaz M.
       title: Foreigners and Their Food: Constructing Otherness in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Law By David M. Freidenreich (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011. 325 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1077
      flesch: 48
     summary: Furthermore, he provides an invaluable resource not only for scholars seeking to delve deeply into more distinct contexts of food laws, but also how these laws create cate- gorical imaginings of one another as “other.” Mehnaz M. Afridi Assistant Professor of Religious Studies Director, Holocaust, Genocide, and Interfaith Education Center Manhattan College, Bronx, NY Book Reviews 95 ajiss294_ajiss 8/14/2012 12:42 PM The new edition of Pierre Birnbaum’s Le Peuple et Les Gros, under the title Genèse du Populisme (Hachette Pluriel: 2012) ex- plores how eating pork in Paris and other cities can be read as a sign of identity crisis in French society, as a way of excluding from the public space those who are different, in this case Jews and/or Muslims who follow dietary laws forbidding its consumption.
    keywords: analysis; food; laws
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        item: #151 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1182
      author: Browers, Michaelle
       title: Cosmopolitans and Heretics: New Muslim Intellectuals and the Study of Islam By Carool Kersten (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. 288 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1488
      flesch: 48
     summary: Kersten intends this book to be both an addition to our knowledge of the history of Muslim intellectuals as well as a contribution to the “refash- ioning of Islamic studies as a field of academic investigation and its position vis-à-vis both the study of religions as a generic field and area studies” (p. 6). Kersten argues that these three Islamic thinkers form part of “the first gen- eration of Muslim thinkers reaching intellectual maturity in the postcolonial age” and are “representative of a new type of Muslim intellectual emerging in the 1960s” (p. xiv).
    keywords: book; islamic; kersten
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        item: #152 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1184
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Mamluk History through Architecture: Monuments, Culture, and Politics in Medieval Egypt and Syria By Nasser Rabbat (London: I.B. Tauris, 2010. 261 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1705
      flesch: 43
     summary: “Perception of Architecture in Mamluk Sources” continues in the same vein but details and documents Mamluk architecture in Cairo, Aleppo, Jeru- salem, Damascus, and Tripoli, all of which were amply described by the chron- iclers of the time. “Architects and Artists in Mamluk Society: The Perspective of the Sources” picks up where the previous left off in order to theorize, based on select sources, on the role of architects in Mamluk society.
    keywords: architecture; author; islamic; mamluk
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        item: #153 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1186
      author: MacDonald, Matthew A.
       title: Saint Francis and the Sultan: The Curious History of a Christian–Muslim Encounter By John Tolan (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 382 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1179
      flesch: 53
     summary: In Saint Francis and the Sultan: The Curious History of a Christian–Muslim En- counter, historian John Tolan has produced a fascinating volume on this rather strange episode, an encounter that has captivated writers and painters for cen- turies. In August or September 1219 at the height of the Fifth Crusade, Francis of Assisi audaciously set out to meet Sultan Malik al-Kâmil of Egypt.
    keywords: encounter; francis; tolan
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        item: #154 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1187
      author: Amin, Yasmin
       title: Histories of the Middle East: Studies in Middle Eastern Society, Economy, and Law in Honor of A. L. Udovitch By Roxani Eleni Margariti, Adam Sabra, and Petra M. Sijpesteijn, eds. (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2010. 282 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1673
      flesch: 37
     summary: Udovitch’s role in changing the writing of medieval Islamic history is lauded, as is his encouragement to explore new techniques and methodologies as well as his attention to the human experience within history. He concludes that Islamic narratives were driven by the- ology and that more research is needed to identify and analyze the social fac- tors behind them.
    keywords: century; contributions; history; islamic; mediterranean; udovitch
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        item: #155 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1189
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: The Levant: Reconciling a Century of Contradictions
        date: 2012.0
       words: 15411
      flesch: 51
     summary: Later on, Assad established a more complex basis for political power. The tribal affiliations in Libya operated mainly on the social level, while in Yemen both the regime and the opposition had tribal affiliations that mitigated political power.
    keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; alawites; american; arab; assad; country; damascus; identity; islamic; military; muslim; national; page; party; people; power; regime; region; revolution; syria; system
       cache: ajiss-1189.pdf
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        item: #156 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1190
      author: Yousif, Ahmad
       title: Interview with Zaleha Kamaruddin
        date: 2012.0
       words: 2210
      flesch: 50
     summary: During her tenure as dean of the Faculty of Law, she proposed to the attorney-general’s chambers several important projects, among them of- fering to certify their officers via an LL.M. program in the administration of Islamic law. Kamaruddin’s research has focused on Malaysian family issues, such as the participation of Muslim women in society.
    keywords: iium; islamic; law; malaysia; research; university
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        item: #157 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1192
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Good Governance in Islam: Classical and Contemporary Approaches
        date: 2012.0
       words: 4746
      flesch: 55
     summary: Thus, in his view, the main question is how to get Muslim states to share their sovereignty with in- ternational organizations to advance human rights in a meaningful way. He called upon Muslims to go beyond the Qur’an and Sunnah in their attempt to organize modern Islamic society, one run by Islamists and reason- able people.
    keywords: good; governance; human; ibn; islamic; muslim; people; session; society; state; university
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        item: #158 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1193
      author: Mufti, Malik; Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1835
      flesch: 36
     summary: Third, as Table 1shows, judging by the most recent election results, in most of the Middle Eastern states at least, political parties rooted in an Islamist background are likely to garner the lion’s share of electoral support for some time to come: The challenges of balancing between majoritarian democracy and minority rights, and of upholding tolerance over bigotry, are now approached from the opposite perspective by Mus- lims – a somewhat frightening but also potentially enriching experience for the further development of Islamic political thought.
    keywords: elections; muslim; social; spring; world
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        item: #159 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1195
      author: Pengelly, Andrew; Bennett, Kathleen
       title: Encyclopedia of Islamic Herbal Medicine: By John Andrew Morrow (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company Inc. Publishers, 2011, pbk, 225 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 854
      flesch: 41
     summary: Other works with stronger scientific references include Bashar Saad and The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29:3154 Omar Said’s Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine2 and A. Shafaghat’s work on Qurānic plants.3 Overall, this is a very interesting book for anyone interested in further explorations into Prophetic medicine. For anyone interested in researching herbs mentioned in the religious texts of Islam, the Encyclopedia of Islamic Herbal Medicine by John Morrow offers an abundance of information and insights.
    keywords: herbal; islamic; medicine
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        item: #160 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1196
      author: Cebeci, Ismail
       title: Naẓarīyat al-Mukhāṭarah fī al-Iqtiṣād al-Islāmī: Dirāsah Ta’ṣīlīyah Taṭbīqīyah (Risk Theory in Islamic Economics) By Adnan Abdullah Muhammad ‘Uwaidah (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010, pbk. 351 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1476
      flesch: 44
     summary: Risk is the main difference of a typical commercial transaction from ribā, which does not include return risk in theory. “Risk” is one of the key concepts in understanding modern Islamic eco- nomics.
    keywords: islamic; risk; theory
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        item: #161 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1198
      author: Hummel, Daniel
       title: Islam and the Constitutions in Newly Reformed Countries in the Middle East: Putting an End to Tyrannical Rule
        date: 2012.0
       words: 2393
      flesch: 46
     summary: This language was incorporated into the Egyptian constitution long before the current revolution and the reform efforts.4 The provisions that Islam is the state religion and that Islamic law is at the very least a source of legislation is in a number of constitutions across the Middle East. and interpretation.13 Islam does not have a prescribed style of govern- ment leaving room for democracy to develop without impediment.
    keywords: constitution; countries; egypt; islam; people
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        item: #162 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1199
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: The Question of (Mis)interpreting the Qur’ān by Muslims
        date: 2012.0
       words: 3314
      flesch: 49
     summary: Editorial The Question of (Mis)interpreting the Qur’ān by Muslims Although the Qur’ān calls Muslims to make peace with their enemies (Qur’ān 8:61‒62), some early Qur’ān exegetes1 interpret that to be ab- rogated by subsequent war verses (Qur’ān 9:5; Qur’ān 9:12‒13).
    keywords: ibn; muslims; peace; qur’ān; scholars; verses; war
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        item: #163 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1200
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: The Palimpsest of Cairo
        date: 2012.0
       words: 3249
      flesch: 47
     summary: Book Reviews Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City Peter Sheehan Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press, 2010. In Peter Sheehan’s Babylon of Egypt: The Archaeology of Old Cairo and the Origins of the City, the earliest settlements of the city are traced layer by layer through archeological and architectural study.
    keywords: architecture; cairo; city; fathy; history; minarets
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        item: #164 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1201
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Secret Affairs: Britain’s Collusion with Radical Islam By Mark Curtis (London: Serpent’s Tail, 2010. pbk. 423 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1240
      flesch: 48
     summary: Most importantly, published before the so-called Arab Spring, it provides a solid background that helps explain what is taking place cur- rently in the Arab world as such collusion persists and may be expected to intensify, and as so-called Islamist groups as well as Gulf countries con- ventionally carry on being nothing more than Western foreign policy tools. Curtis specu- lates that the British government continues to tolerate such Islamist groups in the country in order to benefit from them as sources of “information,”` to use them as divisive forces that would help keep the Middle East politi- cally divided, and as a lever to influence policies of governments in the region (xv, 307‒309).
    keywords: britain; british; brotherhood; curtis
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        item: #165 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1203
      author: Johnston, David
       title: Interfaith Dialogue: A Guide for Muslims, 2nd ed. By Muhammad Shafiq and Mohammed Abu-Nimer (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2011. pbk. 168 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1138
      flesch: 51
     summary: Another theme running through the book is that intra-Muslim dialogue is a necessary prerequisite to interfaith dialogue. Despite the watershed initiative by Saudi Arabia King Addullah in calling together the 2008 Madrid Interfaith Conference, “many Muslims who attend the mosque for daily worship are opposed or have negative opinions of interfaith dialogue” (xi).
    keywords: book; dialogue; interfaith
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        item: #166 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1204
      author: Goldin, Farideh
       title: Ghosts of Revolution: Rekindled Memories of Imprisonment in Iran By Shahla Talebi (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011. hbk., 250 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 901
      flesch: 65
     summary: Four out of six chapters are named after prisoners: Roya, Fozi, Kobra, Maryam, and one after a cousin, Yousuf. Talebi’s lack of sympathy and compassion for Fozi has the opposite effect on the Western reader.
    keywords: fozi; shahla; talebi
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        item: #167 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1206
      author: Oumlil, Kenza
       title: Muslims and Media Images: News Versus Views By Ather Farouqui, ed. (New York: Oxford UP, 2011. pbk. 368 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1381
      flesch: 33
     summary: The first part of the book, “English Media: Image and Perception,” provides a contextual overview of some of the main issues, including the constraints within which Indian media operates, such as the imperative to make a profit that effectively dilutes social responsibility (Vinod Mehta). The uniqueness of the collection lies in the grounded approach taken to study the topic of media images of Indian Muslims.
    keywords: indian; media; muslim; press; urdu
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        item: #168 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1207
      author: Behbahani, Leyli I.
       title: Defining Iran: Politics of Resistance By Shabnam J. Holliday (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2011, hbk. 180 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1168
      flesch: 27
     summary: By looking at the genealogy of tensions and dynamics between Irānīyat (referring to pre-Islamic Iran), Islāmīyat (referring to Islam, namely Persian Shi’i), and the Western influences in defining what it means to be Iranian, Holliday illustrates the roots of the “contemporary Iranian national identity” and “Iranian cosmopolitanism” (127). Chapter 1 begins with a theoretical discussion of Holliday’s discursive approach, which “allows for an analysis of multiple ideologies embedded in the multiple constructions of Iranian national identity” (11) and, there- by, the dynamics between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic discourses pertaining to this identity.
    keywords: holliday; identity; iran
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        item: #169 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1209
      author: Mohammed, Khaleel
       title: Between Creed and Qur’ān: Shi’ite Views of ‘Iṣmah in Light of Qur’ān (48:1‒2)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 7280
      flesch: 65
     summary: (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984), vol. 2, 135, 156. 3. Muh ̣ạmmad ‘Alī al-Shawkānī, Fatḥ al-Qadīr: Al-Jāmi’ bayna fannay al-riwāyah wa’l dirāyah min ‘ilm al-Tafsīr (Beirut, Lebanon: Dār al-Fikr, 1993), vol. 1, 553. 4. He responded: ʻHe did not commit any sin, nor did he have any inkling toward sinning, but God harnessed the sins of his Shias to him and then forgave them for him (i.e. the Prophet).’”45 Representing the third stratum of commentators is Abū Ja’far Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṭusī (d. 460/1067), (also known as Shaykh al- Tā’ifah), author of al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān, one of the most studied works of Shī’ite exegesis.
    keywords: god; ibid; islamic; iṣmah; muḥammad; prophet; qur’ān; shī’ite; sin; sins; verses; vol; ṭabaṭabā’ī
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        item: #170 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1210
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: The Levant Reconciling a Century of Contradictions
        date: 2012.0
       words: 14555
      flesch: 49
     summary: The land of new Syria was further truncated; Lebanon to the southwest was carved out, as well as Iskenderun to the northeast (now part of Turkey). Although the revolution in Syria is unfolding within the modern politi- cal boundaries of this country, its proper understanding is not attainable without putting it in a larger historical context, which includes the adjacent geographical areas of the Levant, Bilad al-Sham.
    keywords: alawite; american; arab; assad; ba’ath; century; countries; country; identity; islamic; levant; military; muslim; party; people; power; regime; revolution; social; syria; system; turkey
       cache: ajiss-1210.pdf
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        item: #171 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1212
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: The Stigma of Extremism on Muslims
        date: 2012.0
       words: 2926
      flesch: 42
     summary: In fact, many Muslims have felt the same way about this and other incidents ‒ such as the attack on the February 26, 1993 bombing of the North Tower of the World Trade Cen- ter, the attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City resulting in 168 deaths, the attack on September 11, 2001, the Fort Hood shootings ‒ and the injuries to and death of many people in Iraq, Yemen, Afghanistan, London, Madrid, and Tanzania. Although, the imam’s prayer came true for that particular tragic incident – the suspect was not a Muslim – that has not been the case for many Muslims who made the same prayers during other terrorist attacks throughout the past decade.
    keywords: activities; extremism; intolerance; islamic; majority; muslims; world
       cache: ajiss-1212.pdf
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        item: #172 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1213
      author: Sinanović, Ermin
       title: Reform, Radicalism, and the Role of Islam in Modern Societies
        date: 2012.0
       words: 3690
      flesch: 53
     summary: He lists only one book and one article by Ramadan and no books or articles by al-Qaradawi in its bibliography. Esposito’s book charts a possible way to the future, built on mutual recognition, respect, and pluralism.
    keywords: book; calvert; esposito; hafez; islam; muslim; qutb; reform
       cache: ajiss-1213.pdf
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        item: #173 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1214
      author: Sodiq, Yushau
       title: Black Mecca: The African Muslims of Harlem By Zain Abdullah (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. hbk. 240 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1085
      flesch: 59
     summary: This work will allow readers to recognize that West African Muslims are not just earning incomeh in the United States; they are actually contrib- uting to the development of Harlem in New York. Abdullah adds that the presence of African Muslims in Harlem has changed the American worldview about African Muslims forever.
    keywords: abdullah; harlem; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1214.pdf
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        item: #174 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1216
      author: Rashid, Hussein
       title: I Speak for Myself: American Women on Being Muslim By Eds. Maria M. Ebrahimji and Zahra T. Suratwala (Ashland, OR: White Cloud Press, 2011, pbk. 236 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1198
      flesch: 71
     summary: The editors indicate that they wanted the authors to write essays that reflected their comfortable relationship to country and faith, but otherwise they left the theme open. Although the editors seem to have hoped for a diverse outpouring of essays, and there is a great deal of diversity, there are certain common themes.
    keywords: american; essays; muslim
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        item: #175 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1217
      author: Meisami, Sayeh
       title: Classical Foundations of Islamic Educational Thought: A Compendium of English-Arabic Texts By Bradley J. Cook and Fathi H. Malkawi, ed. (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press. August 2011, hbk, 305 pages.)
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1331
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, regardless of political considerations, most Western scholars seem to have paid less at- tention to Islamic education as a concept worthy of attention. The introduction of the book is an exposition of some basic ideas in Islamic education.
    keywords: education; ibn; islamic
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        item: #176 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1219
      author: Butterworth, Charles E.
       title: Questions about Roger Scruton
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1144
      flesch: 63
     summary: It does not command Jews and Chris- tians “to take no divinity besides the one God and no lords from among each other” (Scruton, 36), but simply declares to “the people of the book,” that is, to Jews and Christians, what is central to Islam, namely, monothe- ism without priestly hierarchy. Forum Questions about Roger Scruton1 Charles E. Butterworth Roger Scruton, known for his good-natured conservatism and general at- tempts to defend traditional Western life, seems blind to the novelty of our globalized world as he conflates Islam with radical Islam and at- tacks Muslims as though all were Islamists.
    keywords: islam; muslims; scruton
       cache: ajiss-1219.pdf
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        item: #177 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1221
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: A Survey of Four Indo-Pakistani Scholars’ Perspectives on the Islam-Democracy Discourse
        date: 2012.0
       words: 5577
      flesch: 46
     summary: It is supported by the principles of equality, freedom, public welfare, the rule of law, the protection of human rights, the accountability of the rulers, the transparency of political processes, and an overriding concern for justice.3 Views of Four Living Indo-Pakistani Muslim Intellectuals on the Compatibility of Islam and Democracy This section presents the views of four Indo-Pakistani thinkers on the compatibility of Islam and democracy. In his article, “Is Islam Compatible with Democracy and Modernity?”, while answering the question, “Whether Islam and democracy are compat- ible?,” Engineer says that it is true that Shūrā and a modern representative democracy may not be exactly similar ‒ however, the spirit of modern democracy and the Qur’ānic injunction to consult people is the same in spirit.
    keywords: ahmad; democracy; engineer; form; government; islam; islamic; muslim; scholars; state; world
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        item: #178 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1223
      author: Khan, Saeed A.
       title: Looking Beyond September 11: Islam in the West ‒ and Democratic Trends in the Middle East and North Africa
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1028
      flesch: 31
     summary: The afternoon sessions began with an examination of “New Women, New Realities.” Shabana Mir (Assistant Professor in Social Foundations and Qualitative Inquiry at the Oklahoma State University’s College of Education) explored identity construction of Muslim American women on college campuses and the manner by which they negotiate both intra-faith and interfaith spaces. With a focus on the role of Muslim women in leadership capacities, Fauzia Er- fan Ahmed (Assistant Professor of Sociology and Assistant Professor of Women’s Studies in the Department of Sociology and Gerontology at the Miami University of Ohio) discussed how two such individuals typified the struggles between leadership and subordination.
    keywords: amss; conference; new; professor; university
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        item: #179 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1225
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Muslim Intellectualism in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings
        date: 2011.0
       words: 2944
      flesch: 42
     summary: The role of civil society, journalists, women’s groups, and the youth in the anti-regime struggles • Critical studies of the work of scholars who have aimed for political change in their societies • The role of the ulama in promoting or resisting anti-regime forces • Critical studies of the regimes, their structures of power, and their ability to either resist or not resist popular uprisings • Muslim responses to some of the specific issues that have come to the fore ‒ democracy, pluralism, and tolerance; women’s rights; economic reform; and the recalibration of foreign policy • Do Muslims in Western democracies have something distinctive to contribute to these efforts of regime change? Suggested Topics and Approaches First of all, Muslim researchers must challenge the deeply rooted theo- ries on, and approaches to, several topics.
    keywords: citizenship; islamic; journal; muslim; social; uprisings; world
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        item: #180 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1226
      author: Elewa, Ahmed
       title: The Objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shariʻah
        date: 2011.0
       words: 3047
      flesch: 44
     summary: The Objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shariʻah Along with Islamic finance and jurisprudence for Muslim minori- ties, Maqaṣid al-Shariʻah (the higher objectives of Islamic Law) completes the trinity of cutting-edge traditional Islamic research. This is a reiterative question Elewa: The Objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shariʻah 119 in the Shariʻah that takes us from the details of simple actions to the level of laws and regulations, from there to the level of mutual benefits, and finally to the level of the overall principles and basic beliefs ‒ such as jus- tice, compassion, and the attributes of God.
    keywords: auda; islamic; kamali; maqaṣid; objectives; shariʻah
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        item: #181 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1227
      author: Griffel, Frank
       title: The Closing of the Muslim Mind: How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis by Robert R. Reilly (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2010. hbk. 244 pages.)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1317
      flesch: 57
     summary: Reilly defends Pope Benedict XVI’s critical remarks on Muslim theology (56–58) and ends his book with the recommendation that Sunni Islam might do well and adopt Catholic Thomist theology (199). His book comes with a foreword and no fewer than ten endorsements by colleagues of Reilly, which praise his erudition, insight, and abil-ity to analyze and explain the Muslim mind.
    keywords: book; islamic; muslim; reilly
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        item: #182 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1229
      author: Mirza, Mahan
       title: Earth Empire and Sacred Text: Muslims and Christians as Trustees of Creation by David L. Johnston (London and Oakville, CT: Equinox Publishing, Ltd., 2010, hbk. 641 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1477
      flesch: 49
     summary: Part 1 of the book (chapters 1‒5) provides what Johnston calls “back- ground theories” that inform our lives in the modern world, in conscious or subconscious reference to which Muslims and Christians must inevitably theologize. Simple readings of the Qur’ān and prophetic traditions are capable of providing important guidance for Muslims to do the precise issues that concern Johnston.
    keywords: book; johnston; muslims; world
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        item: #183 of 2426
          id: ajiss-123
      author: Omar, Ameen
       title: Said the Prophet of God: Hadith Commentary Across a Millennium by Joel Blecher
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1820
      flesch: 45
     summary: His com- mentary on Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī is described as being accessible in the sense that it abridged Fatḥ al-bārī and existed on the margins of another text, providing two commentaries in one (158). In examining the commentarial legacy of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Joel Blecher’s Said the Prophet of God provides a panoramic view of exegetical actors across space and time who participat- ed in commentarial production through recitals, written texts, and video recording.
    keywords: blecher; commentary; hadith; ibn
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        item: #184 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1230
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Where East Meets West: Appropriating the Islamic Encounter for a Spiritual-Cultural Revival, rev. ed. by Mona Abul-Fadl (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010. hbk. and pbk. 95 pages.)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1413
      flesch: 55
     summary: Yet, if Islam and Muslims are the closest “cultural agents” to the West, as she claims, then this may not al- low much room for detached observation of those in the West. Abul-Fadl’s point is if Muslims embark on what it is they wish to do, and the West refuses to concede grounds for understandable reasons (46), the entire context simply becomes one of polarized power politics, with culture being one of its components.
    keywords: fadl; muslims; west
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        item: #185 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1232
      author: Hashemi, Manata
       title: Emirati Women: Generations of Change by Jane Bristol-Rhys (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. hbk. and pbk. 145 pages.)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1408
      flesch: 45
     summary: Jane Bristol-Ryhs’ Emirati Women: Generations of Change provides a rare glimpse into how the lives of Abu Dhabi women have changed as a result of the discovery of oil in the late 1960s. Over the course of the chapters near the end of the book, Bris- tol-Rhys details the experiences of three generations of Abu Dhabi women and how they view their pre-oil past and face the challenges of the present.
    keywords: bristol; rhys; women
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        item: #186 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1234
      author: Szanto, Edith
       title: Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shi‘ism: By Ingvild Flaskerud (New York: Continuum, 2010. hbk. 306 pages.)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1051
      flesch: 52
     summary: In her book, Ingvild Flaskerud once and for all dispels the idea that Islam lacks and opposes all forms of visual art. Though the implied opposition of Sunni prohibition and Shi‘i permissibility of images is problematic, she nonetheless successfully shows how Shi‘is navigate religious prohibitions regarding visual arts.
    keywords: flaskerud; images; shi‘i
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        item: #187 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1235
      author: Hamid, Sadek
       title: Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 by Thomas Hegghammer (New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010. pbk. 290 pages.)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1100
      flesch: 46
     summary: The principle theoretical contribution of this volume is the claim that the jihadist network in Saudi Arabia is distinct from others in the region due to it being primarily motivated by extreme pan-Islamism and not so- ciorevolutionary ideology (1) ‒ or, as he puts it, “a macro-nationalism, centred on the imagined community of the umma (global community of Muslims) (8).” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:4140 Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 Thomas Hegghammer New York: Cambridge University Press.
    keywords: arabia; saudi; scholars
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        item: #188 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1237
      author: Fadel, Mohammad
       title: Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam: By Kecia Ali (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010. hbk. 262 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1153
      flesch: 46
     summary: While Ali points out that the legal tool by which conceptions of ownership derived from the institution of slavery were imported into jurists’ conception of marriage were analogical, that does not mean that concubinage and marriage were the same thing; indeed, jurists made great efforts to distinguish, from a legal perspective, lawful concubinage from lawful marriage to a free woman. Ali concludes that the primary claim the wife had for her husband’s time was that he spend as much time with her as he did with other wives ‒ and while all the ju- rists agreed to this as a matter of principle, they often disagreed in the details regarding what a fair division of time among a man’s wives meant.
    keywords: ali; marriage
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        item: #189 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1238
      author: Jackson, Sherman A.
       title: Not Truth But Tolerance: A (Much Belated) Response to Atif Khalil
        date: 2011.0
       words: 7353
      flesch: 51
     summary: Through- out Professor Khalil’s critique, however, it is not always clear whether his issue is with me or al-Ghâzalî, or both. For, as we shall see, Khalil’s critique is ultimately grounded in a fundamental and consistent misunderstanding of both al-Ghâzalî and me.
    keywords: fayṣal; ghâzalî; islam; khalil; point; professor; reason; tolerance; truth
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        item: #190 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1239
      author: Esposito, John L.; Yusu, Imtiyaz
       title: Editorial
        date: 2011.0
       words: 4819
      flesch: 61
     summary: Professor Ismail al Faruqi has played a very special role in the lives of his students, including us ‒ Memoirs At a recent international seminar on Professor Ismail al Faruqi, Professor John Esposito reminisced about how he came to study Islamic studies and the legacy of Professor al Faruqi1: When I met Ismail, it was typically Ismail.
    keywords: faruqi; islamic; ismail; knowledge; muslim; professor; time
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        item: #191 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1240
      author: Robinson, Francis
       title: The Mantle Odes: Arabic Praise Poems to the Prophet Muhammad by Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010. pbk. 306 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 892
      flesch: 55
     summary: By the same token, they have paid relatively little attention to Muslim traditions of praising the Prophet, whether it be the naths sung by Sufi qawwali musi- cians in South Asia, the maulid lectures on the first twelve days of Rabi al- Awwal ‒ or the biographies of the Prophet, which have become so numer- ous over the past century. The author’s aim is “to bring these Islamic devotional masterpieces into the purview of contemporary literary interpretation in a way that makes them culturally relevant and poetically effective for the modern reader, whether Muslim or non-Muslim” (xi).
    keywords: poem; praise; prophet
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        item: #192 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1241
      author: Rashid, Hussein
       title: The Butterfly Mosque: A Young Woman’s Journey to Love and Islam by G. Willow Wilson (Toronto, Canada: McClelland & Stewart. hdbk. 304 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1066
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is a space that is inhabited by theological systems, religious ritual, history, culture, and most importantly, http://www.amazon.ca/s?_encoding=UTF8&search-alias=books-ca&field-author=G. Willow Wilson Book Reviews 141 people. G. Willow Wilson, author of the Butterfly Mosque, manages to avoid the extremes and writes a meaningful memoir that reflects the beauty and ugliness of being a Muslim and an American.
    keywords: islam; wilson; women
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        item: #193 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1243
      author: Sodiq, Yushau
       title: Islamic Natural Law Theories: By Anver M. Emon (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. hbk. 222 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1086
      flesch: 58
     summary: Soft Natural Law theorists, the voluntarists, critique the opinions of Hard Natural Law theorists by arguing that nature by itself cannot provide a basis for establishing obligation since nature cannot determine God’s will. Emon divides his work into five chapters: Introduction, Hard Natural Law, The Critique of Hard Natural Law, Soft Natural Law, and Conclusion.
    keywords: god; law; reason
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        item: #194 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1244
      author: Schubel, Vernon James
       title: Muhammad and the Believers at the Origins of Islam: By Fred M. Donner (Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2010, hbk., 280 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1066
      flesch: 42
     summary: Donner presents Muhammad and the Believers as a popular book and, more importantly, as a potential undergraduate textbook suitable for in- troductory courses on Islamic history and Islam. And that is a pity, for in my opinion, the success of The Venture of Is- lam, vol. 1 as an introduction to the early period of Islamic history is rooted in the fact that it does precisely what Donner claims to set out to do ‒ take the religious dimensions of the early history of Islam seriously.
    keywords: donner; islam
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        item: #195 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1246
      author: Dastmalchian, Amir
       title: Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment: Philosophies of Hope and Despair: By Ali Mirsepassi (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. pbk. 241 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1055
      flesch: 39
     summary: 241 pages Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment is Mirsepassi’s latest trea- tise that focuses on the Iranian intellectual and political climate. Mirsepassi is concerned to show the German and French intellectual influences of Is- lamist intellectuals as they search for an appropriate response to modernity.
    keywords: mirsepassi; modernity; muslim
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        item: #196 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1247
      author: Hamid, Sadek
       title: Crescent and Dove: Peace and Conflict Resolution in Islam by Qamar-ul Huda, ed. (Preface by HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad bin Talal) (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2010. pbk. 336)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1101
      flesch: 40
     summary: In addition, this model relies upon social and economic empowerment through “doing good,” the recognition of the universality of human dignity, equality, the sacredness of human life, and the pursuit of peace as being integral Islamic values and objectives that can shape an Islamic perspective to peacebuilding. This volume address three areas: the ethics of violence in Islam, nonviolence in the Is- lamic tradition, and contemporary efforts at Islamic peacemaking.
    keywords: conflict; islamic; peace; resolution
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        item: #197 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1249
      author: Shafi, Sophia Rose
       title: The Ayatollah Begs to Differ: The Paradox of Modern Iran by Hooman Majd (New York, Doubleday, 2008. hbk. 272 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 953
      flesch: 42
     summary: The book’s revelations about Iranian politics are illuminating, especially for those unfamiliar with the Islamic Republic’s constitution and governmental organization, but it is Majd’s revelations about Persian society that are most illuminating. Still, the fact that the author is related to former President Khatami allows for unprecedented access to the inner workings of Iranian politics as well as a deep understanding of the status of Shiʻa clergy in Iranian society.
    keywords: ayatollah; iranian; majd
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        item: #198 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1251
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: The People Reloaded: The Green Movement and the Struggle for Iran’s Future by Nader Hashemi & Danny Postel, eds. (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing, 2010. pbk. 462 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1279
      flesch: 47
     summary: Besides these two weaknesses, the book is the first to bring together the leading voices and key players in Iran’s Green Movement—providing a vital resource for the study of Iran, social movements, and the future of the Middle East. In his essay, “Strategies of Hope,” Nader Hashemi states: The Green Movement’s nonviolent orientation can best be, affirmed by continuing to articulate a new future for Iran, one that marks a clear his- torical break from the violent past and which is rooted in lessons from other political struggles that have universal appeal, such as ... the Afri- can-American struggle for civil rights and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa.
    keywords: green; iran; movement; people
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        item: #199 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1252
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Peace among Muslims: Religious Obligation or Political Expediency?
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1973
      flesch: 51
     summary: Sadly, leaders of Muslim nations seem to care more about political expediency (even if unpopular with average Muslims) than socioreligious imperatives. Though it is highly tempting to use specific names of modern Muslim groups and nations, and this may also help contextualize the editorial, I have avoided using names in order to maintain neutrality and shift emphasis from the ac- tors to the Islamic worldview on peace.
    keywords: groups; islamic; muslim; nations; peace
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        item: #200 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1253
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Reconfiguring Politics, Law, and Human Rights in the Contemporary Muslim World
        date: 2011.0
       words: 5503
      flesch: 37
     summary: Although most of an-Na‘im’s discussions are coined in a much more technical juris- tic jargon than al-Jabri’s, his legal thought did not develop in a philosophi- cal and religious vacuum. In his introduction, al-Jabri describes the Shari‘ah debate as “a belligerent discourse . . .
    keywords: democracy; islamic; jabri; law; lee; politics; religion; rights; social; state
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        item: #201 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1254
      author: Sunardi, Christina
       title: Islamic Spectrum in Java: By Timothy Daniels (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2009. hbk. 210 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1081
      flesch: 40
     summary: Daniels dedicates other chapters to other cultural forms. This book identifies a broad range of desirable futures projected by Javanese Muslims, as well as a range of beliefs and practices that comprise Javanese Islam (12).
    keywords: chapter; daniels; javanese
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        item: #202 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1256
      author: Shehadeh, Hala
       title: Being Young and Muslim: New Cultural Politics in the Global South and North (Religion and Global Politics Series) by Linda Herrera and Asef Baya, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. pbk. 426 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1306
      flesch: 46
     summary: 125Reviews The four chapters in the fourth part explore Muslim youth identities. 426 pages Being Young and Muslim is a compilation of narratives that address the cultural politics of Muslim youth from multiple perspectives—youthful lifestyles, rebellion, and accommodations signify the “intricate relation- ship between the young, youth identities and Islam” (19).
    keywords: chapter; islam; muslim; social; youth
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        item: #203 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1257
      author: Hashemi, Manata
       title: Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam by Akbar Ahmed (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2010. hbk. 528 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1317
      flesch: 38
     summary: As such, the work represents one of the first post-9/11 sociological commen- taries that attempt to define the nature of American Muslim identity and the possibilities for its reevaluation. The author examines American identity and its forma- tion through an exploration of the historical episodes, which have shaped the distinctive ideological strains that form it; the ethnography of Islam in America and the issues facing native and immigrant Muslim populations in America—as well as the sociocultural factors leading to the conversion 127Reviews of white and Latino Americans to Islam—and finally, Ahmed offers a com- parison of Muslims to other minority groups in the United States, including Jews and Mormons and the ways each group has adjusted to the presence of the other.
    keywords: ahmed; american; identity; muslim
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        item: #204 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1259
      author: Robinson, Francis
       title: Piety and Politics:: Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia by Joseph Chinyong Liow (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. hbk. 282 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1020
      flesch: 38
     summary: This book ex- plores how over the past thirty years the politics of Malaysia, which was only approximately 60 percent Muslim, moved strongly in an Islamist di- rection, indeed, “how Islam—in particular its ideological and institutional expressions—informs the configuration of power, the nature of legitimacy, and the sources of authority in Malaysian politics and society today” (xii). Islamism in Contemporary Malaysia Joseph Chinyong Liow New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
    keywords: islamism; liow; malaysia
       cache: ajiss-1259.pdf
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        item: #205 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1260
      author: Shayan, Fatemeh
       title: Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries (Islamic Studies Series): By Göran Larsson, ed. (Oxon, UK and New York: Routledge, 2009. hbk. 147 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1169
      flesch: 46
     summary: A focus on interviews and the use of techniques of participant observation might have helped the reader examine the everyday lives of Muslims in the discussed countries and situated them in the broader discus- sion of Muslims and Islam in Europe in regard to the specific differences of Muslim communities. It has the potential to be a pivotal reference work for scholars of history and all researchers interested in Islam and Muslim communities in northern Europe and the Baltic region.
    keywords: chapter; islam; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1260.pdf
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        item: #206 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1262
      author: Naama, Ben Ami
       title: War on Sacred Grounds: By Ron E. Hassner (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009. hbk. 222 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1379
      flesch: 57
     summary: Chapter 5, “Mismanaging Conflicts over Sacred Spaces,” is devoted to an analysis of failure to resolve such conflicts. He also describes his own ap- proach and other approaches to the study of holy places.
    keywords: chapter; conflicts; jerusalem; places
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        item: #207 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1263
      author: Morrow, John Andrew
       title: The Islamic Context of the Thousand and One Nights: By Muhsin J. al-Musawi (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. hbk. 352 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1005
      flesch: 46
     summary: The Thousand and One Nights does not demonstrate the ideal of Islam: rather, it exposes the reality of Islamic society, featuring both the virtues and the vices of the Muslim masses. Despite all the morally deviant behavior displayed in the work, many of its tales are cautionary; they communi- cate ethical messages and promote the good and forbid the wrong through warnings grounded in Islamic law.
    keywords: islamic; nights; work
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        item: #208 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1265
      author: Langermann, Tzvi
       title: The Ottoman Age of Exploration: By Giancarlo Casale (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. hbk. 292 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 869
      flesch: 52
     summary: Moreover, Indian Ocean policy was a complex of economic, military, and religious interests. At times, the direction and initiative came directly from Constantinople—especially when the “Indian Ocean faction” was able to exert its influence—but more usually from Ottoman functionaries in Egypt and Yemen, or even ambitious pirates.
    keywords: indian; ocean; ottoman
       cache: ajiss-1265.pdf
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        item: #209 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1266
      author: Mohammed, Khaleel
       title: Wissenschaft des Judentums as a Paradigm for New Muslim Approaches to Islam
        date: 2011.0
       words: 8846
      flesch: 53
     summary: In America, many Muslim scholars within the univer- sity environment have published material focused on new approaches to and interpretations of Islam. Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Mafhum al-Nass: Dirasa fi `ulum al-Qur’an
    keywords: des; dubnow; geiger; history; islam; islamic; jews; judaism; judentums; muhammad; muslims; new; qur’an; scholars; studies; tradition; university; wissenschaft
       cache: ajiss-1266.pdf
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        item: #210 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1267
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: To Revolt or Not to Revolt: A Muslim Perspective on the Egyptian Experiment
        date: 2011.0
       words: 2998
      flesch: 55
     summary: That Egyptian people suffered a great deal under Mubarak’s regime is acknowledged by many; that his regime was a dictatorship is rejected by a negligible few—and that the Egyptian’s plight would have changed dras- tically in a positive direction had he been allowed to continue his rule is laughable. Hence, with all due respect and absolute difference, even though this editorial is informed less by the political loyalties of the Mufti and more by his meth- odology and line of arguments (the latter being a common problem among some traditional Muslims), both will be addressed.
    keywords: egyptian; islamic; mubarak; mufti; people; regime
       cache: ajiss-1267.pdf
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        item: #211 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1268
      author: Ali, Aun Hasan
       title: Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being by Sajjad H. Rizvi (London and New York: Routledge, 2009. hbk. 222 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1398
      flesch: 58
     summary: Rizvi’s deep knowledge of Islamic philosophy in general, and Shirazi in particular, puts him in the ideal position to offer plausible historical explanations for this synthesis. But this may have led Rizvi to downplay Shirazi’s essen- tial contribution to philosophy: synthesizing different ways of knowing.
    keywords: philosophy; rizvi; shirazi
       cache: ajiss-1268.pdf
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        item: #212 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1269
      author: Sunardi, Christina
       title: Islamic Spectrum in Java: By Timothy Daniels, Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2009. hbk. 210 pages
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1089
      flesch: 42
     summary: Daniels dedicates other chapters to other cultural forms. This book identifies a broad range of desirable futures projected by Javanese Muslims, as well as a range of beliefs and practices that comprise Javanese Islam (12).
    keywords: chapter; daniels; javanese
       cache: ajiss-1269.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1269.txt

        item: #213 of 2426
          id: ajiss-127
      author: Bartkowski, John; Acevedo, Gabriel; Karakeci, Gulcimen; Campbell, Favor
       title: Islam and Support for Gender Inequality among Women in Turkey: Comparing Attitudes across Institutional Contexts
        date: 2018.0
       words: 320
      flesch: 43
     summary: We hypothesize that religious devo- tion among Muslim women in Turkey circa the year 2000 will be associated with greater support for gender inequality across several institutional domains, namely, family, education, the workplace, and politics. In addition, we anticipate that as women move across Dr. John P. Bartkowski (Ph.D., Sociology, University of Texas-Austin, 1997) is Pro- fessor of Sociology at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA).
    keywords: sociology
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        item: #214 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1271
      author: MacDonald, Matthew A.
       title: In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, introduction by Terry Moore, by Seyyed Hossein Nasr with Ramin Jahanbegloo, (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. 373 pages. hbk. Notes and index)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1146
      flesch: 50
     summary: hbk. Notes and index In Search of the Sacred, as the subtitle indicates, lets readers in on a wide- ranging conversation between Seyyed Hossein Nasr, one of the world’s most prolific Muslim intellectuals, and his cousin, Ramin Jahanbegloo, about Nasr’s life and thought. 71221- Cover, page 2 @ Preflight The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:1132 Seyyed Hossein Nasr with Ramin Jahanbegloo, In Search of the Sacred: A Conversation with Seyyed Hossein Nasr on His Life and Thought, introduction by Terry Moore Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010.
    keywords: book; nasr; thought
       cache: ajiss-1271.pdf
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        item: #215 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1272
      author: Bazzano, Elliott
       title: Sufis in Western Society: Global Networking and Locality by Markus Dressler, Ron Geaves, and Gritt Klinkhammer, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2009. hbk. 207 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1312
      flesch: 48
     summary: Since there are many non-Muslim Sufi groups in Western societies, and since living tradition, authority and authenticity are major emphases of the book, the absence of a chapter explicitly treating non-Muslim Sufis is conspicuous. Moreover, although Sedgwick, Dressler and others do make references to non-Muslim Sufism, there is virtually no attention given to non-Muslim Sufi groups in the volume.
    keywords: chapter; sufi; sufism; volume
       cache: ajiss-1272.pdf
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        item: #216 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1274
      author: Ababneh, Sara
       title: Submitting to God: Women and Islam in Urban Malaysia by Sylva Frisk (Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2009. pbk. 216 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1143
      flesch: 55
     summary: The aim of Submitting to God is thus to treat pious women as agents and to understand the meaning of what they do as defined by the women themselves (5). In order to study how pious women impact Islamic dis- course and practice, it would be more helpful to examine the producers, and not the consumers, of Islamic knowledge.
    keywords: frisk; islam; women
       cache: ajiss-1274.pdf
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        item: #217 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1275
      author: Rahemtulla, Shadaab
       title: Homosexuality in Islam: Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Muslims by Scott Siraj al-Haqq Kugle (Oxford: Oneworld, 2010. pbk 335 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1058
      flesch: 31
     summary: 143Book Reviews Given Kugle’s extensive engagement with the Islamic legal tradition, I was surprised not to find any treatment of homosexuality in Shi’a juris- prudence, despite the fact that he discusses sex-change operations in Iran (263–66), mentions the execution of homosexuals in the Islamic Repub- lic (296), and even raises the possibility of mut’a (temporary marriage) – which is permissible in the Twelver Shi’a school of thought – as a poten- tial, contractual alternative for same-sex Muslim couples (226). Chapter 1, “Islam on Trial: A Case Study” begins with a heated court case concerning a homosexual Moroccan Muslim seeking asylum in the United States, a case in which Kugle acted as an expert witness.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; kugle
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        item: #218 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1277
      author: Sasson, Sharon
       title: Women, Water and Memory: Recasting Lives in Palestine by Nefissa Naguib (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2009. pbk. 176 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1208
      flesch: 54
     summary: We can also learn about the role Palestinian women play in the national struggle. The book contributes to the advancement of research on Palestinian women, and in this, Naguib achieves what she aspires to in her introduction: “That women’s daily struggles in war zones should receive more academic coverage” (33).
    keywords: chapter; women
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        item: #219 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1278
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: The Muslim Contribution to the Renaissance: By Ahmed Essa with Othman Ali (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010. pbk. 312 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1319
      flesch: 40
     summary: 312 pages Despite this being the age when information is readily available, the analy- sis, the dissemination, and the effect of pioneering Islamic knowledge in all fields is a relatively recent endeavor with only a handful of books that cover these areas from an academic point of view. Here, as in most parts of the book, Western references are used to substantiate the phenomenon of Islamic influence.
    keywords: chapter; europe; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1278.pdf
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        item: #220 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1280
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: A New Introduction to Islam, 2nd ed.: By Daniel W. Brown (West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. pbk. 339 pages)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1158
      flesch: 45
     summary: The book consists of four parts (with seventeen chapters): Part 1, “The Formation of the Islamic Tradition” (six chapters); Part 2, “The Expansion of Islam” (three chapters); Part 3, “Islamic Institutions” (three chapters); and Part 4, “Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History” (five chapters). Part 4, “Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History.”
    keywords: chapter; history; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1280.pdf
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        item: #221 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1282
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Islam and Pluralism
        date: 2010.0
       words: 2395
      flesch: 55
     summary: Due to the discrimination, outright Islamophobia, and other negative realities faced by Muslims in this country today, many of them find it hard to accept that religious pluralism still exists here; however, many Americans remain willing to stand with them. Hopefully Muslims will remember that the Islamic worldview not only implies religious pluralism, but that the Prophet’s sunnah actively encour- ages it.
    keywords: islam; muslims; non; people; pluralism; world
       cache: ajiss-1282.pdf
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        item: #222 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1284
      author: Mokhtari, Shadi
       title: Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights: By Abdulaziz Sachedina (City: Oxford University Press, 2009. 249 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1222
      flesch: 39
     summary: More specifi- cally, human rights proponents should adopt the view that modern notions of human rights can coexist with Islamic understandings of religious obliga- tions and collectivism. In Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights, Abdulaziz Sachedina calls for a new conversation between religious and secular forces to achieve an “over- lapping consensus” on human rights and its underlying principles.
    keywords: islam; islamic; rights
       cache: ajiss-1284.pdf
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        item: #223 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1285
      author: Duderjia, Adis
       title: Understanding Muslim Identity: Rethinking Fundamentalism By Gabriele Marranci (Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 242 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1187
      flesch: 33
     summary: My main contention is that certain interpretations of what Muslims consider to be normative Islamic teaching plays an important (if not decisive) role in shaping the views, behavior, and, at times, actions, of western Muslims, including the processes associated with radicalization/fundamentalism. [on Islamic fundamentalism] that tends to treat religious fundamentalism on the basis of culturalist or social theory discourse” (p. 153).
    keywords: fundamentalism; identity; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1285.pdf
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        item: #224 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1287
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: The Mosque: Political, Architectural, and Social Transformations By Ergun Erkocu and Cihan Bugdaci (Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2009. 192 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1482
      flesch: 46
     summary: Many of the chapters also contextualize issues of mosque design in that country within the larger scope of mosque design in the West. A research coordinator at the Paris-based Columbia University Institute for Scholars, she investigates the return of colonialist approaches to mosque design in Europe that, through regional/historical references, alienate local Muslims.
    keywords: chapter; design; mosque; netherlands
       cache: ajiss-1287.pdf
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        item: #225 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1289
      author: Robinson, Francis
       title: The Taliban and the Crisis of Afghanistan: By Robert D. Crews and Amin Tarzi, eds. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009. 430 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1007
      flesch: 53
     summary: Amin Tarzi examines what happened to these and other Taliban elites after 2001 and shows how they eventually coalesced as nodes of opposition to Hamid Karzai and his foreign backers. Lutz Rzehak’s fascinating essay draws on fieldwork in the southwestern province of Nimroz, where he examined oral tradition to demonstrate how the Baluch have remembered Taliban rule.
    keywords: afghanistan; state; taliban
       cache: ajiss-1289.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1289.txt

        item: #226 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1291
      author: Mozafari, Arshavez
       title: Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: By Stephanie Cronin, ed. (London and New York: Routledge, 2009. 316 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1134
      flesch: 37
     summary: Given the Left’s wide-ranging linkages with surrounding regions, including the Causacus (early twentieth century) and the Arab Middle East (particularly during the 1970s), experts dealing with those regions’ politics would benefit from this work. The emigration of Iranian peasants and artisans to Azerbaijan during the economic downturn of the late nineteenth century is a relatively unexploited stage in Iranian history.
    keywords: century; iranian; left; social
       cache: ajiss-1291.pdf
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        item: #227 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1292
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Negotiating with Iran: By John W. Limbert (Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace Press, 2009. 200 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1345
      flesch: 50
     summary: After these case analyses, the author uses chapter 6 to present his “four- teen steps to success” in negotiating with Iran: avoid too much legalism while establishing objective criteria; be aware of Iran’s historical perceptions and grievances; be careful to choose credible intermediaries; talk to the peo- ple who can make and enforce decisions; be aware of the Islamic regime’s priority of survival; let Iranians define their own national interest; expect actions that may appear (to American counterparts) as self-destructive; give Iranians credit for intelligence; expect vague and uncertain claims as well as grandstanding and flamboyant gestures; remember that power is respected and weakness despised; understand that justice, even in the abstract, is very important to Iranians; remember that conspiracy theories thrive and in many cases are, in fact, true; and expect hands to be overplayed. In his preface to this book, Mark Bowden states that John Limbert is “the best American friend Iran had” (p. ix) and that the United States is “not a nineteenth-century-style imperial power bent on colonizing smaller nations.”
    keywords: american; crisis; iran
       cache: ajiss-1292.pdf
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        item: #228 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1294
      author: Robinson, Francis
       title: It’s Easier to Reach Heaven than the End of the Street: A Jerusalem Memoir By Emma Williams (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2010. 415 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 787
      flesch: 54
     summary: We are told of the fear generated by sui- cide bombers – the head of one landed in the playground of the school attended by Emma’s children as the school day began; the regular deaths of Palestinian civilians at the hands of the Israel Defence Force, “the purest army in the world”; the “silent war,” the relentless theft by one means or another of Palestinian land; the sickening problem, from Emma’s point of view, of Israeli self-deception; the open talk of “trans- fer,” a.k.a. ethnic cleansing as a solution to Israel’s Palestinian problem; how western journalists find their reports censored by editors intimidated by Israel’s attack machine; the oppression and misery heaped upon the Palestinians at the checkpoints throughout their territories, where teenaged Israeli soldiers wield absolute power; the wall, or “barrier” as it is supposed to be called, illegal under international law, which wends its ways through the West Bank, annexing further Palestinian territory to Israel and thereby dividing community from community and farmers from their fields; the settlements on the West Bank, also illegal under international law, which not only rob the Palestinians of further land but also often prevent them from working what remains; the breathtaking injustices piled upon the Palestinians; the Palestinian quality of sumud, of remaining steadfast in the face of all difficulty; and the double standards of the United States and, indeed, of most western countries in dealing with the two sides. This book, which was first published in Britain in 2006, records her experiences and assessments of what she saw when she Book Reviews 109 accompanied her husband, a senior UN official, to Israel during 2000-03.
    keywords: book; emma; israel
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        item: #229 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1295
      author: Whittingham, Martin
       title: Al-Ghazali’s Philosophical Theology: By Frank Griffel (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 408 pages)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1121
      flesch: 50
     summary: 408 pages This work of historical theology is essential reading for those wanting to understand with new depth and clarity the life and teachings of al-Ghazali (d. 505/1111). In contrast, Griffel sets out to demonstrate that al-Ghazali “is the first Muslim theologian who actively promotes the naturalization of the philo- sophical tradition into Islamic theology” (p. 7) and that his writings are ‘a particular kind of Avicennism’ (p. 14).
    keywords: ghazali; griffel
       cache: ajiss-1295.pdf
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        item: #230 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1296
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: On Spirituality: Essays from the Third Shi`i Muslim Mennonite Christian Dialogue By M. Darrol Bryant, Susan Kennel Harrison, and A. James Reimer, eds. (Kitchener, ON: Padora Press, 2010. pages 248 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1302
      flesch: 36
     summary: Ali Mesbah’s “From Knowing God to Loving God: Spirituality and Submission” is slightly better, for it notes some scholars’ opinions on the difference between religion and spirituality, but it has no concluding point. 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:4 On Spirituality: Essays from the Third Shi`i Muslim Mennonite Christian Dialogue M. Darrol Bryant, Susan Kennel Harrison, and A. James Reimer, eds.
    keywords: book; islamic; shi`i; spirituality
       cache: ajiss-1296.pdf
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        item: #231 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1297
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Introducing Islam: By William Shepard (Oxon, RN: Routledge, 2009. 333 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1244
      flesch: 39
     summary: In various subtitles, it seems, there are a number of borrowed terms/phrases: “true Islam” (p. 3), “superpowers” (p. 13), “Pan-Islamic” (p. 218), and “Turkism” (p. 219). Book Reviews 119 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:4 Despite such shortcomings, however, the author deserves special appre- ciation for bringing to the forefront such an informative and comprehensive work on Islamic history and civilization.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; muslim
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        item: #232 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1298
      author: Morrow, John Andrew
       title: Can Islam Be French? By John R. Bowen (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. 230 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1118
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although subtle in argument, Bowen suggests that Islamic values and French secularism could be compatible on the condition that both sides make concessions. Chapter 6, which wonders whether Islamic schools can really be republican, examines the case of Dhaou Meskine’s Success School, how Muslim schools manage to teach a secular curriculum, Muslim family camp, and closes with coverage of Mes- kine’s arrest.
    keywords: french; islam; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1298.pdf
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        item: #233 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1299
      author: Hashim, Ahmed M.
       title: Authentication of Hadith: Redefining the Criteria By Israr Ahmad Khan (Herndon, Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2010. 215 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1232
      flesch: 54
     summary: This book attempts to construct criteria whereby one can validate (reject or accept) Prophetic traditions (hadiths) that are considered questionable. Khan gives several useful examples of the potential motives and causes for this practice, such as the political; the desire of certain newly converted communities to introduce them in order to maintain elements of their old faith or for the sake of weakening Islam (if they were internally hostile toward it); the rivalry among activists in the various theological and legal schools of thought to elevate their school’s status; merchants attempting to increase their profits by attaching greater values to their goods by alleging the Prophet’s supposed preference for them; the act of narrating hadiths as a paid profession for storytellers who did not mind inventing hadiths as needed; and, finally, the overenthusiasm of some Muslims toward their religion and their desire to attract non- Muslims to the faith.
    keywords: chapter; hadith; khan
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        item: #234 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1300
      author: Ahmed, Mohd Shakil
       title: Understanding Muslim Social Arrangement: The Pangals of Manipur, India
        date: 2010.0
       words: 3139
      flesch: 64
     summary: See Government of Manipur, Statistical Abstract Manipur 2005 (Imphal: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2006). Forum Understanding Muslim Social Arrangement: The Pangals of Manipur, India Mohd Shakil Ahmed Abstract This article analyzes the Muslim Pangal community of Manipur in northeastern India.
    keywords: arrangement; community; india; khan; manipur; meitei; muslims; pangals; singh; social; songs
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        item: #235 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1301
      author: Madani, Iyad A.
       title: A Review of Inter-Civilizational Dialogue: Governmental and Private Initiatives
        date: 2010.0
       words: 5400
      flesch: 32
     summary: As the centerpiece of many of its activities is intercultural dialogue, ASEF focuses on interfaith dialogue, cultural diversity, and solutions for multicultural societies. RP’s recent successes include building a new climate of reconciliation in Iraq and mediating dialogue among warring factions in Sierra Leone; setting Madani: A Review of Inter-Civlizational Dialogue 141 142 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:4 up a network of religious women’s organizations; establishing the Hope for African Children Initiative to help the millions of children affected by the continent’s Africa’s AIDS pandemic; bringing together hundreds of key reli- gious leaders every five years to discuss the great issues of our time; launch- ing ten new Interreligious Councils (IRCs) in Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bolivia, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana, Panama, Puerto Rico, Surinam, and Trinidad and Tobago; and launching the subregional Latin American Council of Religious Leaders.
    keywords: cooperation; dialogue; interfaith; international; issues; level; media; peace; religions; society; understanding; world
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        item: #236 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1302
      author: Khan, Saeed A.
       title: Cosmopolitan Islam: Globalization, Transnationalism, and Muslim Diasporas
        date: 2010.0
       words: 909
      flesch: 32
     summary: AMSS presi- dent Ali Mazrui (State University of New York at Binghamton) ended the day’s events with a succinct summary of the papers and ideas presented. On the panel “Challenges of Globalization in Muslim Diasporas,” Saeed A. Khan (Wayne State University) offered a new theoret- ical approach to studying Muslims in the West by applying world systems theory in a transatlantic context.
    keywords: identity; muslim; panel; university
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        item: #237 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1303
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Knowledge, Faith, Morality, and the Future of Humanity
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1208
      flesch: 36
     summary: Farid Al-Attas’s (professor of sociology, National University of Singapore; head, Department of Malay Studies) keynote address: “The Social Theology of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and the Critique of Modern Civilization,” proposed that one has to consider Nursi’s engagement with society through his understanding and application of theology. Hasan Horkuc (Durham University, UK) critically examined “Said Nursi (Who) Reactivated Pro-Active Islamic Ethics and Injunctions,” Andi Faisal Bakti (Syarif Hidayatullah Islamic University, Indonesia) investi- gated “The Contribution of Da`wah to Communication Studies: Risale-i Nur Collection Perspective,” Michael J. Lenaghan (Miami Dade College, USA) located “Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in a Pluralistic World: (by dis- cussing the) Channel of Truth, Peace, Sustainable Change,” and Norshahril Bin Saat (Singapore National University) looked at “Said Nursi and the Concept of Progress.”
    keywords: faith; nursi; papers; sessions; university
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        item: #238 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1304
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: The Relationship between the Qur’an and the Sunnah
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1176
      flesch: 49
     summary: As more Muslims came in after the Second World War, and as Israel was established and American missionary activities in the region increased, Islamic studies went through inclusion in political science and reli- gious studies, as well as other fields, before becoming a field in its own right. Aydin cited the several stages of the devel- opment of Islamic studies as an area of research: the need to understand Muslims as they continued to come here as students, teachers, and intellectu- als; the premise that “understanding others helps you understand yourself”; and the desire of mainly indigenous and immigrant Muslims to better under- stand Islam.
    keywords: islamic; muslims; qur’an; university
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        item: #239 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1305
      author: Mohamed, Yasien; Swazo, Norman K.
       title: Contributing to Islamic Ethics
        date: 2010.0
       words: 6258
      flesch: 48
     summary: This special issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences focuses on Islamic ethics, especially ethics as applied to such contemporary issues as bioethics, the environment, human rights, and evolution. In recent centuries, religious texts have dominated the seminaries’ curricula and thereby alienated their graduates from the rich intellectual heritage of Islamic ethics.
    keywords: ethics; god; human; islamic; justice; muslim; rights; social; society; version
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        item: #240 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1306
      author: Tatar, Burhanettin
       title: The Path to Virtue: The Ethical Philosophy of al-Raghib al-Isfahani By Yasien Mohamed (Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 2006. 589 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1063
      flesch: 32
     summary: Book Reviews The Path to Virtue: The Ethical Philosophy of al-Raghib al-Isfahani Yasien Mohamed Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 2006. When we read the fundamental critical conception of Islamization in Mohamed’s work from this viewpoint, we can better realize that the hermeneutical circle established between the classical medieval moral ideals of al-Isfahani and others and our own horizon of morality can be a space of mediation of moral truth as the final stage of every form of morality.
    keywords: text
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        item: #241 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1307
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Islam, Secularism, and Liberal Democracy: Toward a Democratic Theory for Muslim Societies By Nader Hashemi (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 280 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1157
      flesch: 17
     summary: Islam, Secularism, and Liberal Democracy analyzes the theoretical rela- tionship between religion and democracy, specifically Islam’s relationship with liberal democracy. Chapter 2, “Dueling Scriptures:The Political Theology of John Locke and the Democratization of Muslim Societies,” examines the relationship between religious reformation and liberal democracy via John Locke’s political theology.
    keywords: democracy; relationship; secularism
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        item: #242 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1308
      author: Mozafari, Arshavez
       title: Psychoanalysis and the Challenge of Islam: By Fethi Benslama (tr. Robert Bononno) (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. 272 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1123
      flesch: 46
     summary: Book Reviews 99 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 99 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 100 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 Section 3 begins with Benslama detailing the difference between the psychoanalytic categories of denial and disavowal (Verleugnung) and explaining how Hagar’s presence as the founding maternal figure in Islam has been disavowed by the religion to which she was so instrumental in bringing to fruition. In Psychoanalysis and the Challenge of Islam, Fethi Benslama, a psychoanalyst and professor, elaborates upon the precise undergirding apparatus that sustains the logic of Islamism as a recently conceived phenomenon.
    keywords: benslama; islam
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        item: #243 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1309
      author: Yenigun, Halil Ibrahim
       title: Islamic Liberation Theology: Resisting the Empire by Hamid Dabashi (London and New York: Routledge, 2008. 303 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1373
      flesch: 34
     summary: By this provocative work – to say the least – Dabashi makes a quite timely intervention in the direction that the new discourse on Islam has recently taken, especially among progressive-liberal Muslim scholars. Another quite imaginative argument developed from similar sensibili- ties is the way Dabashi lays out Shi`ism quintessential paradox and, more broadly, that of Islam as proto-Shi`ism (p. 188).
    keywords: dabashi; islamic; liberation; new
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        item: #244 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1310
      author: Rahemtulla, Shadaab
       title: Muslims in America: A Short History by Edward E. Curtis IV (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 144 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1116
      flesch: 41
     summary: In making the case for a religious revival among Muslim Americans, Curtis documents the mass establishment of Muslim schools, mosques, and Islamic associations as well as an emerging discourse and culture of religious piety. In the final chapter, “Muslim Americans after 9/11,” the author empha- sizes Muslim Americans’ shock and condemnation of the September 11th attacks.
    keywords: americans; curtis; muslim
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        item: #245 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1311
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Educating the Muslims of America: By Yvonne Y. Haddad, Farid Senzai, and Jane I. Smith, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 277 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1210
      flesch: 46
     summary: The chapter’s optimistic tone, along with the substantiated research and description, highlight some of the great potentials that Muslim schools have in America. Chapter 10, “Authentic Interactions Eliminating the Anonymity of Otherness” by Barbara Sahili, Christina Safiya Tobias-Nahi, and Mona Abo- Zena, vividly portrays the opportunities of primary Muslim schools that reg- ularly engage and invite groups from local public schools.
    keywords: chapter; education; islamic; muslim
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        item: #246 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1312
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya: Negotiating Urban Space in Malaysia by Ross King (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008. 321 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1380
      flesch: 34
     summary: In Chapter 1, “The Phenomenal City: Diversity of Space,” the author draws upon theorists of “the postmodern city” to describe the greater Kuala Lumpur metropolitan region in the form of three transits: the arrival from global hyperspace (Kuala Lumpur International Airport through older transforming plantations and neighborhoods to the KL Sentral transport interchange and the Petronas Towers, Putrajaya, and Cyberjaya mega-proj- ects), moving through the fractured colonized landscape of Chinese, Malay, and Indian urban spaces; and the Klang Valley (the gentrifying predomi- nantly Indian Hindu Brickfields, Malay Shah Alam, and Klang and Port Klang with the Sultan of Selangor’s palace and history of Chinese and Book Reviews 109 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 109 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 110 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 Indian working class struggles). Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya: Negotiating Urban Space in Malaysia Ross King Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2008.
    keywords: king; kuala; lumpur; malay; putrajaya
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        item: #247 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1313
      author: Hojati, Afshin
       title: After Khomeini: Iran under His Successors By Said Amir Arjomand (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 268 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1151
      flesch: 23
     summary: According to the author, the greatest misconception about post-revolutionary Iran is the notion that the revolution ended with the establishment of a “Brinton- ian” Thermidor through the rise to power of the pragmatist president Hashemi-Rafsanjani (1989-97) and/or the reformist president Khatami (1997-2005). Drawing on the sociology of revolution, Arjomand’s book is set on explaining the political developments of Iran and its rollercoaster-like domestic and foreign policy realities during the past two decades.
    keywords: clerical; islamic; revolution
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        item: #248 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1314
      author: Barzegar, Abbas
       title: The Politics of Women’s Rights in Iran: By Arzoo Osanloo (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. 258 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1167
      flesch: 26
     summary: This is done by plac- ing the discourse of women’s rights within the cultural context of global- ization and post-colonialism and yet still identifying its local, embodied practice within the shifting political dynamics of post-revolutionary Iran. The following three chapters provide the text’s ethnographic core and most thoroughly demonstrate Osanloo’s observations regarding complex ways in which the Islamo-republican nature of Iran’s state structure allows for unique instances of gender and subject formation in the routine lives of Iranian women.
    keywords: iran; rights; women
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        item: #249 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1315
      author: Khatib, Lina
       title: The Politics of Iranian Cinema: Film and Society in the Islamic Republic by Saeed Zeydabadi-Nejad (London and New York: Routledge, 2010. 190 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1101
      flesch: 41
     summary: Saeed Zeydabadi-Nejad’s book, The Politics of Iranian Cinema: Film and Society in the Islamic Republic, fills this glaring gap by providing a unique insight into how Iranian films are received in Iran; what political and social debates they spark; and how they form part of a larger nexus of power negotiations between the state, artists, and film viewers. The Reformists supported social films, as they saw them as beneficial to their vision of society, but as support for the Reformists dwindled in 2003-04, so did the interest in such films.
    keywords: book; cinema; films
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        item: #250 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1316
      author: Robinson, Francis
       title: Reconsidering Islam in a South Asian Context: By M. Reza Pirbhai (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2009. 370 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1067
      flesch: 41
     summary: What is crucial, he insists, is that all remain equally valid expressions of doctrinal Islam, provided that no value judgment is made about what is orthodox Islam. There is no great origi- nality in what he has to say, for instance, about the Sober Path’s rise to dom- inance in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, or in the contributions of the new Intoxicated Way and the new Sober Path, along with other factors, to the rise of a Muslim political identity in South Asian politics.
    keywords: islam; muslim; path
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        item: #251 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1317
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Islam and the Army in Colonial India: Sepoy Religion in the Service of Empire by Nile Green (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 217 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1397
      flesch: 39
     summary: Modern warfare, in the form of the first and second world wars, probably was the key stimulus that killed off the old sepoy barracks Islam and its adherence to faqirs. The main texts used are their biographies Book Reviews 123 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 123 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 Afzal al-Karamat and A`zam al-Karamat, whose very titles stress the cen- trality of miracle-producing to the function of being a faqir saint.
    keywords: empire; faqirs; green; islam
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        item: #252 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1318
      author: Szanto, Edith
       title: Middle Eastern Belongings: By Diane King, ed. (New York: Routledge, 2010. 165 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1051
      flesch: 45
     summary: The first chapter by Sarah Persinger, “On the Margins: Women, National Boundaries and Conflict in Saddam’s Iraq,” historicizes and con- textualizes a wave of state-sponsored honor killings of Iraqi women just Book Reviews 125 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 125 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 prior to 2003. As it stands, chapters 1 and 3 with vio- lence against women in Iraq, while chapters 2 and 4 deal with Palestine.
    keywords: book; chapter; women
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        item: #253 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1319
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Design Criteria for Mosques and Islamic Centers: Art, Architecture, and Worship by Akel Kahera, Latif Abdulmalik, and Craig Anz (Burlington, MA: Architectural Press, 2009. 112 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1242
      flesch: 43
     summary: Overall, if there had been guidelines and specifications for chapters 4 and 5, truly ground-breaking material on guidelines for applying and deriving geometry in mosque design and embellishment and for the types and design of women’s spaces in mosque would have been provided. Chapter 4, “The Concept of Spaces and Geometry,” delves into the rela- tion to Islam in general and to mosque design specifically.
    keywords: chapter; design
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        item: #254 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1320
      author: Delgado, Janan
       title: Miss USA 2010, Muslim American Cyber-Discourse, and the Question of Exhaustion
        date: 2010.0
       words: 4286
      flesch: 50
     summary: Forum Miss USA 2010, Muslim American Cyber-Discourse, and the Question of Exhaustion Janan Delgado On 16 May 2010, NBC Universal and Donald Trump gave the Muslim American community its first Muslim Miss USA.1 Upon finding out the basics – Rima Fakih is of Lebanese Shi`ite origin and represented Michigan at the beauty pageant – many began to wonder what the appropriate response should be: a “Thank you, Mr. Trump” and befitting celebrations, a “No thank you, Mr. Trump” and its share of condemnation, or an ambiva- lent “something in between.” Yet when Linda Sarsour (director, the Arab American Association of New York) opted for an exhilarated “Yes!,” she explained it in the following terms: “What a breath of fresh air for the Arab-American community, to have Rima Fakih named Miss USA 2010 …
    keywords: american; fakih; islamic; miss; muslim; rima; usa; victory
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        item: #255 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1321
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: The Legacy of Isma`il Raji al-Faruqi: Thought and Institution
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1145
      flesch: 35
     summary: John Esposito and John Voll write of a certain Christian acquaintance of al-Faruqi lamenting the latter’s aspiration to become the “Luther” of Islam, believing that it is in dire need of reformation. This con- sideration guaranteed al-Faruqi a prominent slot in their “Makers of Con- temporary Islam” (2001).
    keywords: faruqi; islamic; university
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        item: #256 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1322
      author: MacDonald, Megan
       title: Veiled Constellations: The Veil, Critical Theory, Politics, and Contemporary Society
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1489
      flesch: 37
     summary: On a panel specific to Iran and the Post-Election Crisis, Anicee Van Engeland (University of Bedfordshire) posited in her “Chador Passport and the Empowerment of Iranian Women under the Islamic Republic,” from an international and Islamic law perspective, that Iranian women agree to wear the chador to use it as a tradeoff: giving up individual rights to gain as a com- Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 145 ajiss 27-3-=stripped-obay.qxp 8/24/2010 10:48 AM Page 145 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com 146 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:3 munity of women. The event’s advertising and signage played with the tropes of overwrit- ten and overlooked, suggesting that veiled women can be both silenced and subjected to “therapeutic, punitive attention” (Edward Said, Covering Islam, xxxv-vi).
    keywords: islamic; panel; university; veil; women
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        item: #257 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1323
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: The Eighth Biennial Conference of the International Society for Iranian Studies
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1036
      flesch: 26
     summary: He adds that submitted papers pass through a “blind” screening process and impar- tial peer-review and that accepted papers are selected based on their schol- arly merit alone. One telling example of often overlooked aspects of Iranian society was “‘Waking Up the Colours: Candour and Allegory in Women’s Rap Texts,” a paper on Iranian women’s rap music.
    keywords: isis; society; university
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        item: #258 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1324
      author: Mutualo, Abdula Manafi
       title: Third Global Forum of the Alliance of Civilizations
        date: 2010.0
       words: 986
      flesch: 29
     summary: After the initial remarks made by Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu (secretary gen- eral, OIC) and Jorge Sampaio (UN High Representative for the AoC), the roundtable was addressed by a host of speakers and representatives of inter- nationally reputed institutions, among them Marc de Brinchambaut (secre- tary general of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe), Irina Bokova (director general, UNESCO), Mevlüt Çavusoglu (president, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe), André Azoulay (presi- dent, the Anna Lindh Euro-Mediterranean Foundation), and Mike Hardy (program leader, Intercultural Leader, the British Council). Third Global Forum of the Alliance of Civilizations On 27 May 2010, a roundtable on “Addressing Islamophobia: Building on Unused Opportunities for Mutual Respect and Inclusion” took place on the sidelines of the Alliance of Civilizations’ Third Global Forum.
    keywords: alliance; civilizations; oic
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        item: #259 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1325
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Imams and Fighting Radicalism in North America
        date: 2010.0
       words: 2524
      flesch: 46
     summary: Ibn Abd al-Aziz, on the other hand, reasoned that he was heeding God’s command and started this new practice so that Muslims would ponder 16:90 and begin to apply it in their own lives. But the irony remains that while many Muslims do not understand what and why it is said, most of those who do understand it seem not to hear it well or pay proper attention to its message.
    keywords: ibn; imams; message; muslims; radicalism; verse
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        item: #260 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1326
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Shari’ah By Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010. 336 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1353
      flesch: 43
     summary: The problem is that in the process of suggesting the means and methods of how to do so, An- Naim contests Islamic values as relative, infusing them with ambiguity, as a prelude to essentializing western values and structures of state, constitution- alism, human rights, and citizenship as universal and deterministic. [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006], 4); (3) by calling for state neutrality toward all reli- gions, he is conducting a replay with a strong sense of déjà vu.
    keywords: islamic; state
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        item: #261 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1327
      author: Ami, Naama Ben
       title: Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century by Marc Sageman (Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 2008. 197 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1270
      flesch: 44
     summary: Sage- man also explains the difference between internal terrorism, which tries to change the regime inside the country (a topic with which his book does not deal) and global terror (aimed at Europe and the United States). Any perceived injustice to a Muslim Arab can turn into a trigger for joining global terror.
    keywords: book; chapter; terror; terrorism
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        item: #262 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1328
      author: Hussin, Iza
       title: Shari’a: Theory, Practice, Transformations by Wael Hallaq (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 614 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1329
      flesch: 31
     summary: Hallaq has built a new contribution upon these foundations, however, the most important of which is the charting of a new trajectory for Islamic legal studies that is both deeply engaged with social science theoretical projects and sharply aware of the implications of the aca- demic study of Islamic law for contemporary politics. In his “Introduction,” Hallaq states that this work approaches the field of Islamic law in a way that few other scholars have attempted.
    keywords: hallaq; law; state
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        item: #263 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1329
      author: Siapera, Eugenia
       title: Islam Dot Com: Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace by Mohammed el-Nawawy and Sahar Khamis (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. 280 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1123
      flesch: 39
     summary: Islam Dot Com belongs to the line of thought that seeks to discover how the Internet has been associated with Islam and the extent to which it may be thought to contribute to its democratization by providing a truly public sphere in which interested peo- ple can participate. On the other hand, the authors are cognizant of the lim- itations of the concept of “public sphere” when applied to Islamic contexts.
    keywords: chapter; islam; new
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        item: #264 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1330
      author: Quinn, Sholeh A.
       title: The Genesis of the Bábí-Bahá’í Faiths in Shíráz and Fárs: By Mírzá Habíb’u’lláh Afnán (tr. and annotated by Ahang Rabbani) (Leiden: Brill, 2008. 404 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1106
      flesch: 50
     summary: This history should be considered an important secondary source for oral history of the earlier Babi period, since Afnan was himself from the Bab’s family, spent most of his life in the Bab’s house, and heard stories about the Bab from older family members as he was growing up. Beyond this significant episode, Afnan narrates several of the major events and phases in the Bab’s life and career that are of interest to historians, includ- ing his early childhood and pilgrimage to Makkah.
    keywords: afnan; bab; history
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        item: #265 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1331
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: Indonesian Muslim Intelligentsia and Power: By Yudi Latif (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008. 544 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1214
      flesch: 20
     summary: He distin- guishes between “intelligentsia” and “intellectuals,” noting that “the term ‘intelligentsia’ referred to a social stratum and indicated the ‘collective response’ of a particular collective identity, as a reflection of common edu- cational criteria, psycho-socio-graphics, value system, habitus and collective memory” (p. 16). He describes how “mod- ernist” and “clerical” intelligentsia expanded the public sphere and formed several proto-nationalist associations.
    keywords: intelligentsia; latif; muslim
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        item: #266 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1332
      author: Ami, Naama Ben
       title: Israelism: Arab Scholarship on Israel, a Critical Assessment by Hassan A. Barari (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 2009, 162 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1239
      flesch: 46
     summary: He shows that Arab writings (e.g., those of Hisham Sharabi and Leonard Binder) are subjective and analyzes the underlying assumptions and princi- ples, among them that Israel is a passing episode; that its presence has the 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27:2 ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:42 PM In the “Introduction,” Barari explains what prompted him to write this book and provides background information on the Middle East problem; the opinions and approaches of Arab scholars toward Israel; how the outcome of the Six Day War affected scholarly writing about Israel in, for example, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon; and the obstacles that prevent objective writ- ing about Israel.
    keywords: arab; chapter; israel
       cache: ajiss-1332.pdf
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        item: #267 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1333
      author: Qadhi, Yasir
       title: The Zahiris: Their Doctrine and Their History, a Contribution to the History of Islamic Theology by Ignaz Goldziher (tr. and ed. by Wolfgang Behn) (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008. 227 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1202
      flesch: 52
     summary: While al-Shafi`i criticized the “excesses” of Abu Hanifah’s position on ra’y, he nevertheless allowed for and systemically codified its application in the appropriate situations. In fact, rather commend- ably, the footnote references show that he relied upon Ibn Hazm’s Al-Fisal fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa wa al-Nihal and other unpublished manuscripts.
    keywords: chapter; goldziher
       cache: ajiss-1333.pdf
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        item: #268 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1334
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Aristotle’s Rhetoric in the East: The Syriac and Arabic Translation and Commentary Tradition By Uwe Vagelpohl (Leiden: Brill, 2008. 347 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1293
      flesch: 41
     summary: Clearly the former tradition dominated, for even a cur- sory examination of the manuscript traditions and texts in libraries attests to this imbalance. Since translation is a process of cultural exchange, it is important to pay attention to details and formulations.
    keywords: rhetoric; text; translation
       cache: ajiss-1334.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1334.txt

        item: #269 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1335
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science by Kevin van Bladel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 278 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1081
      flesch: 35
     summary: The publication of Kevin van Bladel’s revised Yale doctoral dissertation is a wonderfully solid historical masterpiece that greatly contributes to our understanding of certain strands of intellectual transmission in the late antique Near East, as well as disabuses us of many a myth about the pres- ence of Hermes and hermeticism in classical Islamic learned culture. Van Bladel’s study is divided into two parts: (1) the background and intellectual formation of the Arabic Hermes located in the tripartite history of Islamic learned culture located in Hellenic late antiquity, Sasanian Iran, and those elusive Sabeans of Harran and (2) an examination of the shift from the concept of Hermes Trismegistus, the thrice-Hermes of the doxographies, to the notion of Hermes-Idris as the prophetic sage and teacher and the proliferation of wisdom sayings associated with him, some of which are extracted and adapted (though not many) from the Greek Hermetica, which in itself survives due to its existence with Gnostic cor- pora in late antique Egypt, not least the Nag Hammadi codices.
    keywords: arabic; hermes; islamic
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        item: #270 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1336
      author: Gardiner, Noah
       title: Dreaming across Boundaries: The Interpretation of Dreams in Islamic Lands by Louise Marlow, ed. (Boston: Ilex Press and Washington: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2008. 301 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1297
      flesch: 32
     summary: Also in a sociopolitical vein, Yehoshua Frenkel employs a self-described “functionalist” approach to analyzing dream accounts in Mamluk-era historiographical texts and asserts that Mamluk chroniclers, as social elites, utilized the dreams’ otherworldly authority to create a sense of order in an otherwise chaotic sociopolitical environment. Leah Kinberg examines the place of dream accounts featuring deceased scholars in early Islamic debates over the propriety of studying either the Qur’an or the hadiths to the near or total exclusion of the other.
    keywords: accounts; dreams; interpretation; islamic
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        item: #271 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1337
      author: Nadvi, Muhammad Junaid
       title: Tales of God’s Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation by John Renard, ed. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009. 413 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1008
      flesch: 41
     summary: John Renard provides an insight into Islamic mysticism, identifies a range of Sufi concepts, and shows that new Sufi concepts could coexist alongside older ones. I recommend this majestic piece of Islamic hagiography to anyone interested in Sufi thought and philosophy of mind more generally, for it is a valuable reference volume and an excel- lent text to use in advanced classes of Sufi philosophy.
    keywords: anthology; book; hagiography; islamic; sufi; tales
       cache: ajiss-1337.pdf
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        item: #272 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1338
      author: Rispler-Chaim, Vardit
       title: Islam and Disability: Perspectives in Theory and Jurisprudence by Mohammed Ghaly (London and New York: Routledge, 2010. 254 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 902
      flesch: 42
     summary: Dr. Ghaly’s Islam and Disability is an important contribution to the study of disability in Islamic law and theology, especially since only in recent years (according to Ghaly, since 1997 Chapter 8 focuses on the means provided by Islamic law to financially support people with disabilities, such as nafaqah, waqf ahli and waqf khayri, mahr, and zakat.
    keywords: chapter; disability; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1338.pdf
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        item: #273 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1339
      author: Alhassen, Maytha
       title: Jinn n’ (No Freshly Squeezed) Juice: Interracial Tensions and Muslim Image-Making in the “Hood”
        date: 2010.0
       words: 4282
      flesch: 49
     summary: Her work focused on introducing healthier alternatives to a community subjected to an illegal proliferation of liquor stores. All the spaces that could accommodate groceries are taken over by liquor stores.”
    keywords: african; american; arab; community; interview; liquor; liquor stores; muslim; oakland; stores; yemeni
       cache: ajiss-1339.pdf
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        item: #274 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1340
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Democracy in Islam: The Views of Several Modern Muslim Scholars
        date: 2010.0
       words: 3774
      flesch: 41
     summary: Shura, regarded both as an alternative for and as synonymous with democracy, is located in the historical context by presenting examples from the prophetic and pious caliphate periods as well as with modern reinterpre- tations in order to lay the foundations of “Islamic democracy.” A galaxy of intellectual stars throughout the Muslim world is striving to shape a Muslim understanding of “Islamic democracy.”
    keywords: democracy; government; islam; islamic; muslim; principles; shura; system
       cache: ajiss-1340.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1340.txt

        item: #275 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1342
      author: Kayadibi, Saim
       title: Peace Strengthens Human Prosperity: Islam and World Peace
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1343
      flesch: 42
     summary: The second parallel session, chaired by Naim Hj Ahmad (USIM), fea- tured Zulkefli Hj Aini (Kolej University Islam), Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor (UM), Mohd Fauzi bin Mohd Amin (USIM), and Ahmad Fakhrurrazi b. Mohd Zabidi (UKM). The third parallel session consisted of Hajah Aynah bt Haji Yaakub (Department of Community Development, Brunei), Fariza bt Md Sham (UKM), Ratna Roshida Ab Razak (University Science Malaysia), Siti Rugayah Haji Tibek (UKM), and Syahiran Abd Latif (University Technol- ogy Malaysia
    keywords: abd; islam; malaysia; parallel; peace; session; university
       cache: ajiss-1342.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1342.txt

        item: #276 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1343
      author: Zohdy, Nada
       title: Islam, Muslims, and the Media
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1308
      flesch: 34
     summary: He noted that the religious perspectives portrayed in ethnic-based media outlets are informed by their ethnic orientations, named some prominent Muslim voices in main- stream British media to illustrate general Muslim access to them, and said that a paradigmatic shift occurred after the 7 July 2005 London bombings (e.g., “terrorist” was replaced with “extremist” and religious associations with acts of violence were not made prematurely). In clos- Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 153 ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:42 PM Page 153 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com ing, he said that while media coverage of Muslims seems to have improved in recent years, a great amount of progress still needs to be made.
    keywords: media; msu; muslim; university
       cache: ajiss-1343.pdf
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        item: #277 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1344
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: The Arabic Script in Africa
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1133
      flesch: 38
     summary: Mohammed Chtatou (ISESCO), used his “Using Arabic Script in Writing African Languages (by) Revisiting ISESCO’s Experience 25 Years Later: Field Successes and Shortcoming” to overview ISESCO’s ambitious cultural and educational undertakings, which began in the 1980s, and how it adopted a particular scientific methodology to implement its program and devise a standardized system for many African languages. Clarissa Vierke’s (Bayreuth University) “Kala Shairi: Writing Swahili Poetry in Arabic Script,” examined, among others issues, how this poetry was shaped by and shapes manuscript writing in East Africa.
    keywords: africa; arabic; script; university
       cache: ajiss-1344.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1344.txt

        item: #278 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1345
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Evil and Islamic Theodicy
        date: 2010.0
       words: 2003
      flesch: 52
     summary: Earthquakes happen due to geological fault lines located all over the world,6 regardless of whether people obey God or not. For instance, how does Robertson know that God is taking revenge on the Haitians, especially with the over- whelming evidence that the country is located close to one of the earthquake fault lines and thus is poised to experience earthquakes?
    keywords: earthquake; evil; god; islamic; robertson
       cache: ajiss-1345.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1345.txt

        item: #279 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1347
      author: Ami, Naama Ben
       title: Disfigured: A Saudi Woman’s Story of Triumph over Violence By Rania Al-Baz (tr. Catherine Spencer) (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2009. 160 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1316
      flesch: 53
     summary: In chapter 8, “A Television Star,” the reader gains further insight into the situation of divorced women in Saudi society. This reality prompted her to help beaten women everywhere by appearing before television cameras, despite the state she was in, and insist that abusing women was not due to religion, but to blind fanaticism.
    keywords: chapter; saudi; women
       cache: ajiss-1347.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1347.txt

        item: #280 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1348
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Iran’s Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World by Suzanne Maloney (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2008. 156 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1223
      flesch: 50
     summary: Iran’s Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World Suzanne Maloney Washington, DC:
    keywords: iran; policy; states
       cache: ajiss-1348.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1348.txt

        item: #281 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1349
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée by Eric Tagliacozzo, ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009. 360 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1331
      flesch: 23
     summary: In the final section, John Sidel attempts to give “historical depth and soci- ological breadth” (p. 278) to the “journalist reportage, government press releases […] and pseudo-academic writings of self-styled ‘terrorism experts’ with little specialist knowledge of the region” (p. 276) on global networks of radical Islamism and political extremism that appear to have suddenly invad- ed Muslim Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée Eric Tagliacozzo, ed.
    keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1349.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1349.txt

        item: #282 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1350
      author: Spadola, Emilio
       title: Women of Fes: Ambiguities of Urban Life in Morocco by Rachel Newcomb (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. 248 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1116
      flesch: 37
     summary: In so doing, Women of Fes helps the fields of anthropology, sociology, gender studies, and Islamic studies to illuminate the often-neglected power of class to shape gender in the Muslim Middle East and North Africa, demonstrating, not pointedly, that class divides women within as much as across cultures. The first post-Introduction chapter examines some rumors of violent Islamists and secretly wealthy slum dwellers by which Fassi women (and men) in the early 2000s distinguished themselves from the city’s non-elite.
    keywords: class; gender; newcomb; women
       cache: ajiss-1350.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1350.txt

        item: #283 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1351
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th ed.: By William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton (Boulder: Westview Press, 2009. 618 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1004
      flesch: 40
     summary: I would, however, have liked to have seen the authors contest the Eurocentric term Middle East, which would have taken only a few pages, but is, in my opinion, of significant importance. Part 2 (six chapters) looks at what Cleveland and Bunton term the three main centers of “political authority”: the Ottoman Empire, the autonomous province of Egypt, and the Qajar dynasty of Iran in both the nineteenth and early twentieth (1920; post-WWI and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire) centuries.
    keywords: book; chapters; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1351.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1351.txt

        item: #284 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1352
      author: Wyman, Ann C.
       title: War: Essays in Political Philosophy by Larry May, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 325 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1341
      flesch: 41
     summary: Luban also offers an incisive justification of the laws of war and war crimes trials: “[S]taging war crimes trials is an expressive act plant- ing law’s flag in contested moral terrain” (p. 287). Since this is a highly nuanced exploration of just war, it is recommended for upper-level under- graduates, higher academicians, and policymakers.
    keywords: jus; torture; war
       cache: ajiss-1352.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1352.txt

        item: #285 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1353
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Arguing the Just War in Islam: By John Kelsay (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007. 263 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1488
      flesch: 48
     summary: John Kelsay, in this wonderfully succinct and accessible work, wants to argue that the real issue in discussing jihad is to make sense of legit- imate violence and how it may be deployed, and hence to locate the discourse within an existing discussion about just war theory. I am not generally sym- pathetic to the use of the comparable frame of just war theory because, as a juridical and ethical concept it is rather limited, arising as it does out of a par- ticular politico-theological context of medieval Catholicism.
    keywords: chapter; reasoning; war
       cache: ajiss-1353.pdf
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        item: #286 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1354
      author: Fadel, Mohammad
       title: International Treaties (Mu’âhadât) in Islam: Theory and Practice in Light of Islamic International Law (Siyar) according to Orthodox Schools By Labeeb Ahmed Bsoul (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2008. 216 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 984
      flesch: 40
     summary: Those looking for answers regarding the possibilities for mutual co-existence between Mus- lim and non-Muslim states on the basis of mutual equality will be severely disappointed. The first chapter, which provides a general overview of Islamic international law, deals with such questions as the origin of the term siyar; the earliest Muslim writers of siyar; the sources of Islamic international law; the concept of an Islamic state (dar al-Islam) and a non-Islamic state(s) (dar al-harb); and the relationships between the two, which, as a default matter, he asserts is one of peace.
    keywords: islamic; non
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        item: #287 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1355
      author: Stewart, Devin J.
       title: Hadith as Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam by Aisha Y. Musa (New York: Palgrave and Macmillan, 2008. 224 pages.)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1473
      flesch: 51
     summary: Part 1 discusses the early opposition to recording the hadith (chapter 1); examines al-Shafi`i’s arguments in his Risalah and Kitab Jima` al-`Ilm and Ibn Qutaybah’s in Ta’wil Mukhtalif al-Hadith (chapter 2); and studies Abu Ja`far al-Tahawi’s Mushkil al-Athar, Ibn Furak’s Bayan Mushkil al-Hadith, and al-Khatib al-Baghdadi’s Taqyid al-`Ilm (chapter 3). Part 2 focuses on two modern Qur’an-only thinkers: Rashad Khalifa (d. 1990), an Egyptian who emigrated to the United States and founded an Islamic community based in Tucson, and Kassim Ahmad, a Malaysian religious thinker and author of Hadith: A Re-evaluation (chapter 4), and treats more recent Internet debates and scrutinizes the Turkish thinker Edip Yüksel, http://Free-Minds.org, and Ahl al-Qur’an (www.ahl-alquran.com) (chapter 5).
    keywords: authority; hadith; scripture
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        item: #288 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1356
      author: Navazeni, Bahram
       title: Three Decades of Iran’s Policy of Exporting the Islamic Revolution: Politics, Ends, and Means
        date: 2010.0
       words: 5628
      flesch: 44
     summary: This essentially Manichaean dichotomy between the mate- rial and spiritual is well known in the intellectual history of the Middle East; however, Imam Khomeini was the first intellectual in modern times to inter- ject it into the discourse of Iran’s foreign policy. Bahram Navazeni is a professor of international relations in the Department of Political Sci- ence, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran.
    keywords: foreign; government; imam; iran; iranian; islamic; islamic revolution; khomeini; policy; revolution; world
       cache: ajiss-1356.pdf
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        item: #289 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1357
      author: Rosengarten, Richard A.
       title: Religion, the Public Good, and the Research University
        date: 2010.0
       words: 3390
      flesch: 56
     summary: This is an index of his art: it compels us to think harder than we otherwise might about both whether, and if so how, religions can achieve Gulliver’s momentary insight and eloquence and then sustain them over time. I hope I shall not risk this danger in what follows, but let me say here that none of what follows is meant to imply in any simple sense a commitment to the American model of democracy for the entire world com- Richard A. Rosengarten is dean and associate professor of religion and literature in the Divinity School at the University of Chicago.
    keywords: faith; gulliver; religion; research; swift; university
       cache: ajiss-1357.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1357.txt

        item: #290 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1358
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Globalization: Its Impact on and Challenges to Education in the Muslim World
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1220
      flesch: 25
     summary: Participants also heard from Acikgenc, who concentrated on the “Turkish Experience in Islamic Education: Past, Present and Future” and provided a historical overview of Muslim education in Turkey. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports Globalization: Its Impact on and Challenges to Education in the Muslim World More than thirty years ago, the first World Conference on Muslim Education embarked upon the “Islamization of Knowledge,” a process articulated and expounded upon by the late Ismail Raji al-Faruqi (Temple University) and Naguib al-Attas, retired (ISTAC, Malaysia).
    keywords: conference; education; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1358.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1358.txt

        item: #291 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1359
      author: Mehan, Uppinder
       title: Terror.edu: Terror and Education in the U.S.A.
        date: 2010.0
       words: 1486
      flesch: 36
     summary: The talk by Sophia A. McClennen (associate professor of comparative literature, Spanish, and women’s studies and director of the graduate pro- gram in comparative literature, Pennsylvania State University), was titled “Neoliberalism as Terrorism; or State of Disaster Exceptionalism.” The morning started with Christian Moraru (professor of English, University of North Carolina, Greensboro), who spoke on “Higher Educa- tion: 9/11, Cosmopolitan Literacy, and the New Pedagogical Imperative.”
    keywords: education; professor; terror; university; war
       cache: ajiss-1359.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1359.txt

        item: #292 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1360
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Gender, Identity, and Islam: An Overview
        date: 2010.0
       words: 3725
      flesch: 36
     summary: Assuming the concept of patriarchy as the nexus from which to assess the multidimensional subjugation of women within the political, socioeconomic, and ethnic spheres, Valentine M. Moghadam affords a sweeping, yet insightful, collection of nineteen articles originating from the “Women in the Global Community” conference hosted in Istanbul by the Fulbright Commission in September 2002. Divided into three parts, namely, “Political Processes and Women’s Par- ticipation,” “Economic, Social, and Cultural Participation,” and “Violence, Peace, and Women’s Human Rights,” the study is guided by a variant of the 1977 framework by Janet Giele that gauges women’s empowerment through political expression, work and mobility, family, education, health, and cul- tural expression.1
    keywords: gender; islam; lichter; page; pdf; rights; social; trial; version; women
       cache: ajiss-1360.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1360.txt

        item: #293 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1363
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: To Use “God” or “Allah”?
        date: 2009.0
       words: 3051
      flesch: 58
     summary: According to some famous scholars like al-Zajjaj the philologist (d. 923, author of Tafsir Asma’ Allah al-Husna) and Sibawayh the grammar- ian (8th CE), Allah is only a proper name for God without any etymological derivation from ilah. Therefore, the shift to the proper name must have occurred when the Arabs added al to ilah (al-ilah) and specifi- cally reserved that term for the supreme being, God, all the while referring to other gods as ilah/aliha and particularly relating them to tribes, clans, peo- ple (e.g., ilah bani fulan: god of such and such people).8 One would be justified in postulating that al-ilah is both the point of connection and of break for Allah with its etymological roots.
    keywords: ajiss; allah; god; ilah; muslims; qur’an; use
       cache: ajiss-1363.pdf
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        item: #294 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1364
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy by Amitai Etzioni (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007. 308 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1156
      flesch: 47
     summary: 308 pages. Couched in moral language and endeavoring to preempt possible shifts in foreign policy attitudes, this six-part book attempts to subtly and indirectly weave Israeli interests into American policy and upcoming decision-making processes. Moreover, he argues that Washington should not attempt regime change, but opt instead for a behavioral change that would lead Iran to forego nuclear ambitions (p. 4), a major Israeli concern.
    keywords: policy; security
       cache: ajiss-1364.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1364.txt

        item: #295 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1365
      author: Kueny, Kathryn
       title: In Defense of the Bible: A Critical Edition and an Introduction to al-Biqa`i’s Bible Treatise by Walid A. Saleh (Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2008. 223 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1032
      flesch: 47
     summary: In Defense of the Bible contains Walid Saleh’s critical edition of Al-Aqwal al- Qawimah fi îukm al-Naql min al-Kutub al-Qadimah (The Just Verdict on the Book Reviews 105 ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:15 PM The question of why al-Biqa`i relied so heavily on the Hebrew Bible and Christian Gospels, and how he defended his decision to do so, is the sub- ject of both the Aqwal and Saleh’s introduction to his critical edition of this medieval text.
    keywords: bible; saleh
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  plain text: ajiss-1365.txt

        item: #296 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1366
      author: Morrow, John Andrew
       title: Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation by Tariq Ramadan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. 372 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1232
      flesch: 40
     summary: Consider- ing the complexity of problems currently facing Muslims, it is impossible for a text specialist to assimilate the whole range of those sciences – not even a council of religious scholars would suffice, since those fields of knowledge are largely outside of their own area of expertise. As he points out, religious scholars live in autarchy; well removed from research in the exact, experimental, and social sciences; and reliant upon scanty information to issue legal rulings about realities and con- texts that are inevitably beyond their understanding.
    keywords: ramadan; reform; scholars
       cache: ajiss-1366.pdf
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        item: #297 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1367
      author: Swazo, Norman K.
       title: Islamic Biomedical Ethics: Principles and Application by Abdulaziz Sachedina (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 280 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1204
      flesch: 27
     summary: Given his project to provide a foundation for Islamic biomedical ethics, chapter 2 is critical as a normative framework for Sachedina’s discussion of biomedical problems. Whether it is foundational for Islamic biomedical ethics depends in part on epistemological prejudices and expectations (e.g., a “modest” or “radical” foundation).
    keywords: ethics; islamic; sachedina
       cache: ajiss-1367.pdf
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        item: #298 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1368
      author: Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Reconfiguring Islamic Tradition: Reform, Rationality, and Modernity by Samira Haj (Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press, 2009. 284 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1154
      flesch: 37
     summary: She examines the fundamental disagreements over the interpretation of the authoritative corpus on how to realize Islamic practices and virtues that, in his context, occupied center stage. This work is an excellent contribution to discussions on Islamic reform efforts, for it challenges the assumptions underlying scholarly treatments of Islamic reform movements.
    keywords: abduh; islamic; social
       cache: ajiss-1368.pdf
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        item: #299 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1369
      author: Rippin, Andrew
       title: Narrating Muhammad’s Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn Abbas Ascension Discourse by Frederick S. Colby (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008. 314 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1012
      flesch: 51
     summary: First this is pursued through the material found in Qur’anic commentaries, primarily those of al-Tabari (d. 923), al-Qummi (d. ca. 919), and al-Tha`labi (d. 1035); attention subsequently turns to versions connected to writers from the area of Nishapur, including the traditionists Book Reviews 117 ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:15 PM Finally, an analysis is conducted of the “total and complete” version attributed (somewhat for convenience’s sake) to the shadowy historical figure Abu al-Hasan al-Bakri (d. perhaps in the thirteenth century but also perhaps in the ninth century, and to whom later works were attributed).
    keywords: ibn
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        item: #300 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1370
      author: el-Nawawy, Mohammed
       title: iMuslims: Rewiring the House of Islam by Gary R. Bunt (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009. 358 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1102
      flesch: 47
     summary: This engagement takes different forms, such as participating in chat rooms, blogging, receiving religious edicts (fatwas) online, and download- ing religious sermons and lectures through various Islamic websites. He does not try to impose his answer, but leaves it to the reader to decide after discussing the various services available through mainstream Islamic websites.
    keywords: bunt; chapter; islamic
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        item: #301 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1371
      author: Mancini-Lander, Derek J.
       title: A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind by Michael Axworthy (New York: Basic Books, 2008. 249 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1141
      flesch: 51
     summary: In sum, non-specialists are better off reading selected articles in the Cambridge History of Iran or general histories that deal with more circum- scribed periods of time. Although the author points out the defects of nationalistic history, his methodology is based upon some of the same problematic assumptions.
    keywords: book; history
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        item: #302 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1372
      author: Momen, Moojan
       title: The Messiah of Shiraz: Studies in Early and Middle Babism by Denis MacEoin (Leiden: Brill, 2009. 738 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1293
      flesch: 56
     summary: This would have resulted in a useful piece of work that combined the excellent qualities of the original thesis with contemporary relevance. Page 124 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/diglib/books/K-O/M/maceoin/ http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com moot by the work of Todd Lawson (Ph.D. thesis, Gnostic Apocalypse in Islam: The Literary Beginnings of the Babi Movement [London: Routledge, forthcoming]) and Nader Saiedi (Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb
    keywords: book; page; thesis; work
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        item: #303 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1373
      author: Newcomb, Rachel
       title: Stolen Honor: Stigmatizing Muslim Men in Berlin by Katherine Pratt Ewing (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008. 282 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1000
      flesch: 38
     summary: German responses to the often sensationalistic media coverage of such events demonstrate that the presence of Turkish Muslims highlights anxieties about German identity and provokes discriminatory, nationalistic representations of Germanness, including ideals of belonging that Turkish Muslims can never hope to fulfill. Although evidence for the par- ticipation of Turkish Muslims in Germany in al-Qaeda has been highly lim- ited, Turkish Islamic groups were under extensive surveillance even before 9/11.
    keywords: ewing; german; honor
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        item: #304 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1374
      author: Jaffer, Sadaf
       title: Racialized Bodies, Disabling Worlds: Storied Lives of Immigrant Muslim Women by Parin Dossa (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 192 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1092
      flesch: 54
     summary: A surprising and thought- provoking revelation made toward the end of the chapter is that feminist the- orists have not discussed disabled women. Disabled bodies are valued less in this system.
    keywords: chapter; disability; women
       cache: ajiss-1374.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1374.txt

        item: #305 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1375
      author: Kamal, Rabia
       title: Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11: From Invisible Citizens to Visible Subjects by Amaney Jamal and Nadine Naber, eds. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2007. 378 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1318
      flesch: 25
     summary: ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11: From Invisible Citizens to Visible Subjects Amaney Jamal and Nadine Naber, eds. Thus, there is perhaps no better time for the publication of Race and Arab Americans Before and After 9/11, as it counters contemporary public amnesia by reminding us that race and inequality still permeate the lives of minority populations.
    keywords: american; arab; race; studies
       cache: ajiss-1375.pdf
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        item: #306 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1376
      author: Erdogan, M. Murat
       title: “Earned Europeanness”: Turkey and Diaspora Turks in Europe
        date: 2009.0
       words: 4536
      flesch: 48
     summary: Turkish migrants are a “soft power” who can contribute not only to Turkey’s admission into the EU, but also to the general interests of European countries – particularly in times of crisis, as they are very experienced in the financial and economic spheres. ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp Forum “Earned Europeanness”: Turkey and Diaspora Turks in Europe
    keywords: ajiss; countries; european; europeanness; identity; integration; migrants; trial; turkey; turks
       cache: ajiss-1376.pdf
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        item: #307 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1377
      author: Yenigun, Halil Ibrahim
       title: Islamic Traditions and Comparative Modernities
        date: 2009.0
       words: 2186
      flesch: 41
     summary: Panel 6, “Cultural Identity and Islam” and chaired by Zakyi Ibrahim (California State University), began with Mumtaz Ahmad’s (Hampton Uni- versity) “Ulema and Their Attitudes toward U.S.: Evidence from Bangladesh to Pakistan.” Her critique of American Muslims extended to socio-political issues as well, including how they are handling charges of terrorism, when assertive/ authoritative people turn into fearful ones, and when these same people turn a blind eye to American history by claiming that this country has – and still is – a wonderful secular one.
    keywords: american; discussant; islamic; muslim; panel; university; uva; world
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        item: #308 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1378
      author: Mazrui, Ali
       title: The Obama Administration and US Relations with the Muslim World
        date: 2009.0
       words: 2315
      flesch: 52
     summary: As commander in chief, Obama com- mands forces greater than all of the African armies in history added together. Candidate Obama pledged to end the war in Iraq, support the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state alongside Israel, and combine military action in Afghanistan and Pakistan with considerable American resources for nation-building and economic development.
    keywords: africa; american; muslim; obama; president; relations; university; world
       cache: ajiss-1378.pdf
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        item: #309 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1379
      author: Navazeni, Bahram
       title: Iran and World Contemporary Developments
        date: 2009.0
       words: 982
      flesch: 29
     summary: Page 156 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.iranoworld.ir) http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com ments; Session 7: Energy and Economy Developments; Session 8: Cultural and Social Developments; Session 9: The Islamic Revolution and Iran’s Foreign Policy Development; Session 10: Military Strategy Developments; Session 11: Bahram Navazeni Professor of Political Science and Conference Secretary Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran 158 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26:4 ajiss 26-4-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:15 PM
    keywords: developments; iran; session; social
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        item: #310 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1380
      author: Mazrui, Ali A.
       title: African Islam and Islam in Africa: Between Exceptionalism and Marginality
        date: 2009.0
       words: 4702
      flesch: 57
     summary: At least superficially, Arabic became a divisive force while Islam became culturally integrative between Black and non-Black Africa. Nascent Islam was partly saved by securing this asylum, and the Qur’an’s authenticity was saved by the man who was himself protected by Ethiopia.
    keywords: africa; arabic; bilal; egypt; history; islam; islamic; kiswahili; muslim; words
       cache: ajiss-1380.pdf
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        item: #311 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1381
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Political Islam and the State in Africa: By Hussein Solomon, Akeem Fadare, and Firoza Butler, eds. (Pretoria: Centre for International Political Studies (University of Pretoria), 2008. 260 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1493
      flesch: 42
     summary: The second chapter, Ashraf Docrat’s “Sufism and Political Islam in Africa,” is somewhat disappointing in that it shifts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the late twentieth century without ever satisfactorily analyzing Sufism as a form of political Islam. The editors of this text, which focuses on the nature of political Islam and the nation-state on the African continent, have brought together a crop of scholars with divergent views.
    keywords: islam; muslim; religion; state
       cache: ajiss-1381.pdf
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        item: #312 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1382
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: The Meanings of Timbuktu: By Shamil Jeppie and Souleymane Bachir Diagnes, eds. (Pretoria: Human Science Research Council in association with Dakar: CODESRIA, 2008. 376 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1548
      flesch: 44
     summary: Jeppie, the lead editor, reflects upon “Re/discov- ering Timbuktu,” and Diagne shares his ideas on “Toward an Intellectual History of West Africa: The Meaning of Timbuktu.” Part 1, which introduces us to the region of Timbuktu, features essays by scholars who have researched West Africa in general and Timbuktu in partic- ular.
    keywords: africa; arabic; book; timbuktu; west
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        item: #313 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1383
      author: Morrow, John Andrew
       title: Iran’s Intellectual Revolution: By Mehran Kamrava (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 288 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1648
      flesch: 43
     summary: According Kamrava, Khomeini’s Islamic republic differs greatly from the one of Khamenei that, in turn, differs drastically from the version of Islamic government espoused by the likes of Mesbah Yazdi. Mesbah Yazdi even claims that Khomeini deceived the people regarding popular participation under Islamic rule.
    keywords: iran; islamic; khomeini; right
       cache: ajiss-1383.pdf
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        item: #314 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1384
      author: Takim, Liyakat
       title: Reliving Karbala: Martyrdom in South Asian Memory by Syed Akbar Hyder (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 261 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1443
      flesch: 48
     summary: Reliving Karbala is a significant contribution to the existing scholarship on Karbala. Most studies on the epic events in Karbala and the martyrdom in 680 of Husayn, the Prophet’s grandson, have focused on the possible ramifications of his sacrifice and the paradigmatic models that can be constructed from this event.
    keywords: husayn; hyder; karbala; shi`i
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        item: #315 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1385
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Sultans, Shamans & Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia by Howard Federspiel (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007. 297 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1402
      flesch: 34
     summary: Federspiel sketches a three-stage scenario replicated at various places in insular Southeast Asia. ajiss 26-3-final-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:11 PM Sultans, Shamans & Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia Howard Federspiel Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2007.
    keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
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        item: #316 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1386
      author: Bejja, Rachida
       title: Islam and Social Work: Debating Values, Transforming Practice by Sara A. Crabtree, Fatima Husain, and Basia Spalek (Bristol, UK: The Policy Press, 2008. 198 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1049
      flesch: 51
     summary: The remaining sections address, respectively, the key concepts found in the Muslim world, social work education in Islam, gender relations and the family’s centrality, common issues that social workers come across when working with Muslim families, health issues, and, lastly, crime, victim- ization, and criminal justice in Muslim communities. Social workers who are unfamiliar with Islam should not, however, assume that they will be able to understand Mus- lims simply by reading this book, for the concepts discussed are far more complex than this book indicates.
    keywords: authors; islam; social
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        item: #317 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1387
      author: Rippin, Andrew
       title: The Taqwacores: By Michael Muhammad Knight (Brooklyn: Soft Skull Press, 2004. 254 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1244
      flesch: 50
     summary: Knight does not present answers to what “American Islam” must look like, but he knows that “Saudi Islam” is different from “Pakistani Islam” and different again from “African Islam,” and thus there is no reason why some- thing distinctive should not emerge. Novels are ideal vehicles for learning and teaching about the situation of modern Islam.
    keywords: american; book; islam
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        item: #318 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1388
      author: Kayadibi, Saim
       title: Exploring Challenges and Prospects in the 21st Century
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1367
      flesch: 37
     summary: H. Ahmad Mukri Aji (State Islamic University, Jakarta) spoke on Indonesia’s attempt to ensure the law’s supremacy as regards all people, regardless of their social or any other position, to protect and serve the soci- ety’s stability, and how the Prophet insisted upon personal equality before the law. M. Zuhdi Mar- zuki (University of Wales, Lampeter) focused on studying the nature of fiqh and its value judgments with ethical considerations, as such considerations permeate all issues connected with science and technology.
    keywords: ahmad; islamic; law; parallel; session; shari`ah; university
       cache: ajiss-1388.pdf
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        item: #319 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1389
      author: Bruckmayr, Philipp
       title: From Dialogue to Collaboration: The Vision of Fethullah Gülen and Muslim-Christian Relations
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1138
      flesch: 32
     summary: The following panel, “Fethullah Gülen: Sources and Tradi- tions,” made important contributions to our knowledge of Gülen’s intellec- tual and religious background with presentations scrutinizing his approach to Qur’anic exegesis and Sufism, as well as his relationship to the tradition of the Naqshbandi brotherhood. Barton, on the contrary, set out to situate the Gülen movement in the context of modern Islamic social movements of various strands, which, due to its particularities and comparatively recent emergence, proved to be an impor- tant but difficult task.
    keywords: dialogue; gülen; movement
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        item: #320 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1390
      author: Bruckmayr, Philipp
       title: Islamophobia – The Experience in Worlds Old and New: Lessons from Europe and Australia
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1003
      flesch: 31
     summary: Tellingly, it became evident during the conference that a number of other scholars felt uneasy with using the term and opted for such expressions as anti-Muslim prejudice or anti-Islam discourse instead. Eventually, Irfan Ahmad rightfully stressed, anti-Islamic dis- course in the West as well as in places such as India is closely related to the desire of majority populations to protect an idealized status quo in an imag- ined home, which is constantly threatened by the tireless forces of (for example, demographic) change.
    keywords: conference; discourse; islam
       cache: ajiss-1390.pdf
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        item: #321 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1393
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Editorial
        date: 2009.0
       words: 2580
      flesch: 48
     summary: Owing to the contents of their deliberations and the aggressive push on the part of their disciples, classical jurists have enjoyed immense credibility among Muslims of all generations. The tacit belief that classical scholars, individually or collectively, had a monopoly on absolute truth and credibility is a myth that must be aban- doned.
    keywords: islamic; jurists; muslims; opinions; scholars; shari`ah
       cache: ajiss-1393.pdf
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        item: #322 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1394
      author: Johnston, David L.
       title: Secularism Confronts Islam: By Olivier Roy, trans. George Holoch (New York and Chichester, UK: Columbia University Press, 2007, 128 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1166
      flesch: 42
     summary: This is the “fundamentalism” he described in Globalized Islam that is per- haps best understood when observing the phenomenal growth of Protestant Pentecostalism across the globe. This might seem unduly arrogant on Olivier Roy’s part, but his past landmark books do seem to commend the perspicac- ity of his views on the subject, and most of all, The Failure of Political Islam (Harvard University Press: 1994) and Globalized Islam: The Search for the New Umma (Hurst: 2004).
    keywords: islam; muslim; new; state
       cache: ajiss-1394.pdf
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        item: #323 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1395
      author: Holtzman, Livnat
       title: The Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an: By Andrew Rippin, ed. Malden, (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2006. 576 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 2293
      flesch: 47
     summary: Alan Godlas’ “Sufism” is, in my opinion, the most coherent and accessible account on yet another under-researched exegetic tradition, that of Qur’an exegesis through allusion. McAuliffe’s “Exegetical Sciences” and Binyamin Abrahamov’s “Theology” provide thorough yet fundamental surveys on two issues often taken for granted: the discipline of Qur’an exegesis in its culmination and the Qur’an’s role in Islamic theology.
    keywords: article; islamic; qur’an; qur’anic; text
       cache: ajiss-1395.pdf
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        item: #324 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1396
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: The Veil: Women Writers on Its History, Lore, and Politics By Jennifer Heath, editor (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 346 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1087
      flesch: 52
     summary: Jewish women choose to cover in an environment that is free of an overarching discourse that by so doing they are oppressed – a lux- ury not available to Muslim women. Carrel’s chapter on Hasidic women’s veiling contains explanations, rationales, and experiences that overlap with those of Muslim women, and yet any sense of defensiveness or embarrassment that often comes across in Muslim women’s accounts is missing.
    keywords: veil; veiling; women
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        item: #325 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1397
      author: Newcomb, Rachel
       title: The Maghrib in the New Century: Identity, Religion, and Politics by Bruce Maddy-Weitzman and Daniel Zisenwine, eds. (Gainesville: University Press of Forida, 2007. 278 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 824
      flesch: 42
     summary: Edited by Bruce Maddy- Weitzman and Daniel Zisenwine, this collection explores the socioeconomic and political challenges facing North Africa in the twenty-first century. This is followed by Robert Mortimer’s examination of Algerian identity through literature.
    keywords: africa; identity; north
       cache: ajiss-1397.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1397.txt

        item: #326 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1398
      author: Hefner, Robert W.
       title: Muslim Legal Thought in Modern Indonesia: By R. Michael Feener (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. hbk. 270 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1117
      flesch: 41
     summary: Equally important, Feener argues, Natsir’s under- standing of Islamic law was compromised by his insistence that it should be “simplified” rather than critically reelaborated (p. 87). These young researchers have made Islamic thought in Indonesia available to a global English-language readership for the first time.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1398.pdf
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        item: #327 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1399
      author: Gheytanchi, Elham
       title: Representing the Unpresentable: Historical Images of National Reform from the Qajars to the Islamic Republic of Iran by Negar Mottahedeh (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008. 237 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1108
      flesch: 38
     summary: The book’s detailed historical account of the emergence of the Bab and the critical lens through which the author analyzes the impact of Qurrat al-Ayn Tahirih’s fig- ure on the Iranian perceptions of the modern woman are bound to inspire any serious student of Iranian modernity. On page 130, Mottahedeh writes that “current scholarship dedicated to the study of Iranian modernity, of which Babism is a core component, must learn from its ‘object,’ so as not to re-erect the disciplinary and rhetorical ‘veils’ that have proven themselves ineffective over time.”
    keywords: iran; islamic; modernity
       cache: ajiss-1399.pdf
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        item: #328 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1401
      author: Duderija, Adis
       title: Canadian Islamic Schools: Unravelling the Politics of Faith, Gender, Knowledge, and Identity by Jasmin Zine (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. 369 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1754
      flesch: 34
     summary: It is the women and men of Islamic faith (in particular those who wear easily visible traditional religious symbols) who are feared, mistrusted, and considered dangerous or possibly as having an Islamic “fundamentalist” mentality. Zine’s contention that Islamic schools could potentially be sites of pro- duction of counter-hegemonic knowledges in the tradition of anti-colonial 128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26:2 ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:08 PM
    keywords: faith; islamic; muslim; schools
       cache: ajiss-1401.pdf
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        item: #329 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1402
      author: Johnston, David L.
       title: The Public Sphere: Liberal Modernity, Catholicism, Islam by Armando Salvatore (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 293 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1231
      flesch: 35
     summary: In between, he has continued to hone his study of how Muslim traditions have developed in time and in various locales, and, in particular, how they have been affected by their confronta- tion with western traditions of modernity. The “Habermas effect” has three main weaknesses: (1) it ultimately rests on the shaky ground of pri- vate trust; (2) its theory is limited to a western view of the self and citizen- ship and, in the end, to the reach of a hegemonic western culture; and (3) this limitation leaves out the all-pervasive dynamic of religious traditions in most other parts of the world.
    keywords: islam; salvatore; sphere; tradition
       cache: ajiss-1402.pdf
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        item: #330 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1403
      author: Aysha, Emad El-Din
       title: The Political Economy of Arab Cultural Underdevelopment: The Case of Lawrence E. Harrison
        date: 2009.0
       words: 3838
      flesch: 49
     summary: There was complete free- dom of migration (no serfdom) with collective ownership of land by clans, and massive avenues for non-agricultural wealth thanks to policed trade routes within the vast reaches of the Muslim ‘empire.’ Page 134 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com modernize.
    keywords: ajiss; economy; harrison; oil; page; pdf; state; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-1403.pdf
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        item: #331 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1404
      author: Rayan, Sobhi
       title: “Difference” in the Qur’an
        date: 2009.0
       words: 3038
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Qur’anic Concept of Difference In the Qur’an, the concept of difference carries diverse implications. This difference between peoples seeks to achieve a human value, namely, acquaintance, which represents a supreme model for human cultural contact and is based on the frank acknowledgement of other cultures and the right of other people to develop and nurture their own culture.
    keywords: acquaintance; difference; god; people; qur’an
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        item: #332 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1405
      author: Memon, Nadeem; Eidoo, Sameena
       title: Nation, Citizenship, and Belonging: Muslim Cultural Politics in Canada
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1396
      flesch: 33
     summary: She remarked that this conference sought to ask the difficult questions about whether Muslim Canadians can engage the challenges and move beyond the internal contradictions that inherently shape Muslim cultural politics. Through an analysis of four short films that she wrote and directed and that served as a catalyst for “Little Mosque on the Prairie,” Nawaz’s presence illustrated the realities of the discourses, assumptions, and trajectories explored throughout the conference, all of which emphasized the interconnectedness of nation, cit- izenship, and belonging among Muslim Canadians.
    keywords: canadian; muslim; panel; university; wlu
       cache: ajiss-1405.pdf
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        item: #333 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1406
      author: Kassim, Salina H.
       title: International Conference on Islamic Economics and Economies of the OIC Countries 2009
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1048
      flesch: 29
     summary: The sec- ond paper, “Towards an Islamic Common Market: Are OIC Countries Heading in the Right Direction?” by Ruzita Mohd Amin and Zarinah Hamid (International Islamic University Malaysia), investigated the existing trade potential among the OIC countries and the specific sectors in which tariff reductions can be undertaken in five out of the seventeen OIC countries that have agreed to participate in the Trade Preferential System. ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp International Conference on Islamic Economics and Economies of the OIC Countries 2009
    keywords: countries; economics; islamic; oic
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        item: #334 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1409
      author: Sucu, Ayse Tuba Demirel
       title: Shifting Grounds: Postcolonial Translocations
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1227
      flesch: 29
     summary: With these remarks on our mind, in the afternoon of the first day Silke Stroh (University of Münster) emphasized this point and presented trans- location and colonial British diasporas by providing theories and practices of transmigrations and by exploring how the transmigrants are positioned in relation to their various old and new locations as well as to other popula- tions encountered there. Nora Ann Escherle (University of Bern), whose paper’s conceptual focus was on the entanglement of cosmopolitanism with religion, analyzed religious “other- ing” and the cosmopolitan gaze in postcolonial Indian English novels.
    keywords: conference; postcolonial; studies; university
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        item: #335 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1410
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: In Pursuit of “Islamic Art and Architecture”
        date: 2009.0
       words: 3364
      flesch: 43
     summary: The author, who was born and raised in Egypt, is a professor of Islamic art and archaeology and has published numerous texts on Islamic architecture (especially in Egypt) dur- ing the past two decades. Beginning with eleven chapters on understanding the context of Mamluk architecture, the text continues with a further twelve chapters detailing the specific reign and production of the Mamluk sultans.
    keywords: architecture; art; chapter; era; islamic; production
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        item: #336 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1411
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1951
      flesch: 43
     summary: This issue of AJISS features outstanding essays from several academic disci- plines: history, Islamic studies, management, and philosophy. He brings impressive cre- dentials, as well as energy and fresh perspectives, to maintain and increase the jour- nal’s academic integrity and reputation: a B.A. Honors (1993) from the International Islamic University, Malaysia, with a major in Islamic studies and a minor in mass communication; and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees (2002), both in Islamic studies, from the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University, Montreal.
    keywords: ajiss; dialogue; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; muslims
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        item: #337 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1412
      author: Ben-Ami, Naama
       title: Preservation of the Heritage: Survival and Documentation by Palestinians
        date: 2009.0
       words: 3720
      flesch: 48
     summary: The book contains an appendix on classical Arabic duel poetry texts by such poets as ‘Imru al-Qays and `Abid ibn al-Abras as well as Abu Nuwas Ben-Ami: Preservation of the Heritage 89 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk and `Abbas ibn al-Ahnaf (without an English translation), an index of the names and terms appearing in the book (with references), and a list of books on Arabic poetry and literature published in the Brill Studies in Middle Eastern Literatures. Chapter 1 deals with duel poetry in pre-classical times, of which only very scant remains survive (a fate to be expected of a largely oral literature), poetry competitions with umpires who decided on the winner, women who competed against men (e.g., Khansa, whose elegy for her four sons who died in battle is considered superb poetry), and celebrations honoring the victors.
    keywords: arabic; book; chapter; duel; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; israel; lebanon; palestinian; poems; poetry
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        item: #338 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1414
      author: Rippin, Andrew
       title: Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Volume 4: Economics, Education, Mobility and Space by Suad Joseph, general editor (Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007. 587 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 873
      flesch: 42
     summary: Within each volume, though, entries are organized alphabetically. 26-1-stripped-obay.qxd Book Reviews Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Volume 4: Economics, Education, Mobility and Space Suad Joseph, general editor Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2007.
    keywords: encyclopedia; knowledge
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        item: #339 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1415
      author: Colby, Frederick S.
       title: The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam by Marion Holmes Katz (London and New York: Routledge, 2007. 275 pages)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1228
      flesch: 34
     summary: The argument over the appropriate- ness of standing (qiyam) at the moment when the narrative declares the Prophet’s birth, and what exactly is at stake in the action, serves as a micro- cosm through which Katz examines the positions of various parties in the debate over this event’s legitimacy. Even within this Arab context, the study revolves around the analysis of mawlid texts and the legal debates they engender, rather than, for instance, ethnographic reports about how the event itself continues to be a living practice among Muslims in different parts of the world.
    keywords: book; mawlid; prophet
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        item: #340 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1416
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Debating Arab Authoritarianism: Dynamics and Durability in Nondemocratic Regimes by Oliver Schlumberger, ed. (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. 345 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1417
      flesch: 27
     summary: Spanning Morocco to Oman, via Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, the authoritarian mode of governance is surveyed through an assessment of the durability of regimes, the role of Islamist political parties, intra-regime dynamics, and the economic aspects of political reform. Albrecht, who focuses on the Muslim Brotherhood and the Kifaya Movement in Egypt, presents a strong and cogent study that demonstrates both the reality and the mirage of political opposition parties as street politics and Islamist groups vie against each other and the Egyptian government.
    keywords: authoritarianism; egypt; middle; opposition; regimes
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        item: #341 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1418
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: The Politics of Chaos in the Middle East: By Olivier Roy (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. 165 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1347
      flesch: 47
     summary: At Book Reviews 103 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk the same time, China and Russia are increasingly engaging in global affairs as they seek to assert themselves as major powers (pp. 9-10). Roy depicts Bush’s obsession with Iraq as part of a neo- conservative “Greater Middle East” ideological agenda, rather than an impe- rial design (p. 27).
    keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; roy
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        item: #342 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1419
      author: Latief, Hilman
       title: Islam, Civil Society, and Social Work: Muslim Voluntary Welfare Associations in Jordan between Patronage and Empowerment by Egbert Harmsen (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2008. 504 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1167
      flesch: 32
     summary: In addi- tion, various NGOs and social institutions can be categorized “politically unaffiliated NGOs” because they represent “social Islam,” as opposed to Book Reviews 107 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Salafism, which represents (religious) “puritanism” but lacks any welfare- related (social) activities. The fourth part, “Socio-Economic Aid,” consists of the practice and mechanism undertaken by Muslim NGOs to establish their social pro- grams.
    keywords: muslim; ngos; social
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        item: #343 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1420
      author: Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Indonesian Islam in a New Era: How Women Negotiate Their Muslim Identities by Susan Blackburn, Bianca J. Smith, and Siti Syamsiyatun, eds. (Victoria, Australia: Monash University Press, 2008. 212 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1063
      flesch: 42
     summary: Chapter 6, by Siti Syamsiyatun, studies how Muslim women negotiated religious space in the case of the Nasyiatul Aisyiyah, the young women’s organization in the Muhammadiyah, whose leaders championed new ideas about women and Islam. The contributors have actually succeeded in voicing the views of Muslim women elsewhere, because the issues they discuss are common to other women in the Muslim world.
    keywords: islam; islamic; women
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        item: #344 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1421
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Islam, Oil and Geopolitics: By Elizabeth van Wie Davis and Rouben Azizian, eds. (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007. 288 pages)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1323
      flesch: 42
     summary: Part III (chapters 11-15) deals with the broader geopolitical calculations of regional great powers, including China, India, and Russia (chapters 11, 12, 14, and 15), as well as Iran and Turkey (chapter 13). Part I (chapters 2-7) deals with issues of peace and conflict in Central Asia, including Afghanistan, particularly as permeated by Islamic ideology, currents, and groups.
    keywords: central; chapter; china; oil
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        item: #345 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1422
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Modern Arab Art: Formation of Arab Aesthetics by Nada M. Shabout (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2007. 240 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1142
      flesch: 47
     summary: This book endeavors to define a specific term for modern Arab art, which is most often considered a continuation of Islamic or ethnic art or a subordinate copy of western trends. The first chapter, an analytical approach to modern Arab art and an investigation of the background factors leading to the need for such a term, is promising.
    keywords: art; artists; chapter
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        item: #346 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1423
      author: Blumi, Isa
       title: India Traders of the Middle Ages: Documents from the Cairo Geniza. “India Book” by Shelomo Dov Goitein and Mordechai A. Friedman (Leiden: Brill, 2008. 919 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 981
      flesch: 38
     summary: The present volume, which is comprised of annotated and translated letters of various eleventh- and twelfth-century Arab Jewish traders who interacted within this larger Indian Ocean complex, provides perhaps the most foun- dational source to understand the economic activities, communal organiza- tion, family life, and material civilization of the medieval world’s Arabic- speaking Jews. While many existing studies highlight these networks’ significance and even a subdiscipline in academia focuses on the “Indian Ocean,” some sig- nificant components of the interlinking system are missing.
    keywords: indian; mediterranean; ocean
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        item: #347 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1425
      author: Nurgat, Yahya
       title: The Kaʿba Orientations: Readings in Islam’s Ancient House by Simon O'Meara 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1766
      flesch: 55
     summary: This is signifi- cant, argues O’Meara, because early Islamic traditions represent the Kaʿba as the site of the world’s generation. The Kaʿba is also at the center of diagrams representing Islamic cosmological tradition, highlighting its role at the heart of the cosmic axis and its connection to the uppermost, celes- tial Kaʿba, the “Frequented House” (al-Bayt al-Maʿmūr).
    keywords: kaʿba; kiswa; o’meara; world
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        item: #348 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1426
      author: Sarshar, Houman
       title: Between Foreigners and Shi`is: Nineteenth-Century Iran and Its Jewish Minority by Daniel Tsadik (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2007. 295 pages.)
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1066
      flesch: 28
     summary: Barring one socio-historical mistake (Tsadik incorrectly refers to a Jewish quarter in Hamadan [p. 155]), although Hamadan is one of the rare Iranian cities that never had a Jewish quarter [see: Houman Sarshar, “Ham- adan: Jewish Community,” Encyclopædia Iranica, 11:620]), Between For- eigners and Shi`is represents a comprehensive and impressively docu- mented history of Jewish Iranian life during the second half of nineteenth century. Book Reviews 119 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Daniel Tsadik’s book provides a history of the religious, political, and social life of Iranian Jews under Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848-96).
    keywords: iran; jews; shah
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        item: #349 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1427
      author: Safi, Omid
       title: Who Put Hate in My Sunday Paper?
        date: 2009.0
       words: 5795
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is readily admitted that Israel remains both a rallying cry and a source of tension for many American Jewish organizations and American Jews. The lines of connection between the makers of the allegedly impartial and non-profit “Obsession” and politically partial Republican groups and pro-Israeli expansionist Jewish organizations continues to grow… •
    keywords: aish; american; dvd; hatorah; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; israel; obsession; pdf; radical; shore; version
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        item: #350 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1428
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: Fetishizing Dialogue and Commodifying Peacemaking
        date: 2009.0
       words: 7330
      flesch: 41
     summary: Hence, a theological issue formulated and deployed in one culture loses its historically and culturally specific context necessary for the understanding of its full and concrete impact on human lives as it “crosses” borders.35 For example, consider comments by Hassan Rahimpour, one of the representa- tives of IKERI (recorded in the 2002 Toronto conference entitled: “The Positive and Negative Challenges of Modernity for Iranian Shi`i Muslims and North American Mennonites Christians”): It is along these lines that the Mennonites’ literature refers to the deceptively small but powerful and dangerous institution of IKERI with such over- determined phrases as “Iranian Shi`i Muslims,” giving the impression that somehow this institution is representative of all Iranian Shi`i Muslims.43 On the other hand, this protective bordercrossing permits erroneous categorical oversimplifications.
    keywords: context; dialogue; example; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ikeri; iran; islamic; mcc; mennonites; mesbah; pdf; shi`i; trial; university; version; violence; yazdi
       cache: ajiss-1428.pdf
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        item: #351 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1429
      author: Bala, Asma
       title: Imperialist Wars and Liberal Peace
        date: 2009.0
       words: 932
      flesch: 31
     summary: To move past this “pedagogy of fear,” she called for a shift toward a pedagogy of hope rooted in anti-imperialist thought. Describing peacemaking as a civilizing mission with imperialist connotations, she out- lined cases of American military persons who sought asylum in Canada after feeling compelled to leave the army.
    keywords: conference; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; oise; peace
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        item: #352 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1430
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islam in the Age of Global Challenges
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1197
      flesch: 41
     summary: Aaron Tyler (St. Mary’s University, San Antonio) spoke on “Tolerance as a Source of Peace: Gulen and the Islamic Conceptualization of Toler- ance.” Thus, Gulen is always trying to see the relationship between a given subject and his faith.
    keywords: conference; gulen; movement; university
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        item: #353 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1431
      author: Fredericks, L. J.
       title: Managing Sustainable Development and Poverty Alleviation in the Islamic World
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1301
      flesch: 20
     summary: Malaysia’s experiences of awqaf, zakat, and waqaf were highlighted in two papers as examples of Islamic poverty alleviation interventions within the state-instituted Islamic regulatory framework. The author’s core point was that Islamic principles should be more closely adhered to in micro-financing by refining decreasing partnerships so that they will be in alignment with the Islamic ideals of fairness and equitable treat- ment for all parties.
    keywords: development; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; malaysia; poverty
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        item: #354 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1432
      author: Zohdy, Nada
       title: Challenges Facing the New President in the Greater Middle East
        date: 2009.0
       words: 1099
      flesch: 36
     summary: Similarly, Fair promoted greater engagement with Afghans in order to improve American-Afghan relations and identified the Afghan Parliament as a critical actor that the United States has neglected. Abdo reviewed the question of American engagement with proponents of political Islam and stressed that widespread ignorance on this topic is found among laypeople and policymak- ers alike.
    keywords: american; states; united
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        item: #355 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1433
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2008.0
       words: 2844
      flesch: 48
     summary: Secular Muslims should stop their anti-Islamist campaign and try to come to some sort of modus vivendi with conservative Muslims, one that respects the con- servatives’ understanding of Islam (even while disagreeing), since their voice cur- rently serves not as a positive catalyst for reform in the community, but rather as a disservice to their co-religionists (and ultimately to all Muslims), by the way it plays into the neoconservative agenda. Editorial One of the paradoxes facing conservative Muslims in North America is that while their apologetic literature stresses “Islam as justice” – that justice is the paradig- matic Qur’anic virtue after piety – in the eyes of the general public the progressive Muslims have claimed the mantle of justice.
    keywords: american; community; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; justice; muslims; public
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        item: #356 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1434
      author: Johnston, David L.
       title: Advancing Muslim-Christian Dialogue Today
        date: 2008.0
       words: 3481
      flesch: 47
     summary: Hence, “[a] map of Muslim Europe today represents a ghost of the industrial scene of fifty years ago” (p. 111). And even with Turkey joining the European Union (EU) (perhaps), the percentage of European Muslims in 2050 will probably not exceed one-fifth and, for the most part, might be rather well assimilated by then.
    keywords: ayoub; christian; dialogue; europe; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; jenkins; muslim
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        item: #357 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1435
      author: Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn
       title: Quest for Divinity: A Critical Examination of the Thought of Mahmud Muhammad Taha by Mohamed A. Mahmoud (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2007. 309 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1628
      flesch: 45
     summary: As the founder of the nationalist al-Hizb al-Jamhuri in 1945, which later became the Republican Brotherhood (al-Jamhouriyeen), Taha was both a significant political figure and a controversial theologian who was famously tried and executed for the “crime” of apostasy in 1985. Taha is unlike other modern Muslim reformers and, as Mahmoud con- cludes, his “experiment” was one of the twentieth century’s boldest and brightest.
    keywords: book; muslim; taha; thought
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        item: #358 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1436
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: The New Turkish Republic: By Graham E. Fuller (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2008. 196 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1333
      flesch: 41
     summary: This policy book purports to advise American decision makers about the changes and transformations taking place in Turkey’s politics and foreign policy, as well as their reasons and implications. Graham Fuller argues that Turkey, under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and his successors, under- went an imposed “cultural lobotomy” designed to induce a national “amne- sia” about its Islamic and Ottoman past (p. 17).
    keywords: american; policy; turkey
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        item: #359 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1437
      author: Zaman, Habiba
       title: Zina, Transnational Feminism, and the Moral Regulation of Pakistani Women: By Shahnaz Khan (Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 2007. 152 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1080
      flesch: 37
     summary: Using the role of an immigrant researcher in her country of origin, Shahnaz Khan uses her feminist lens to explore dualities, decontextualization, and stereotypes of third-world women, more specifically Muslim women, while examining the contested issue of the Zina Ordinance and its multifaceted con- sequences for women in Pakistan. Methodologically, Khan’s analysis of the ordinance’s effects on women in Pakistan is based on her fieldwork conducted in that country from 1998- 2002.
    keywords: khan; ordinance; women
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        item: #360 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1438
      author: Ben-Ami, Naama
       title: Rituals of Memory in Contemporary Arab Women’s Writing: By Brinda Mehta (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2007. 303 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1313
      flesch: 49
     summary: The novels chosen for analysis have widely varying plots, but all reflect the place of women in Arab society and how they cope with difficult circumstances. Gender, an issue that has been in the headlines for decades now, has natu- rally also attracted the scholarly attention of both men and women.
    keywords: book; chapter; novels; women
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        item: #361 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1439
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: The Charismatic Community: Shi`ite Identity in Early Islam by Maria Massi Dakake (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2007. 300 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1101
      flesch: 44
     summary: Finally, chapter 12 argues that two codes of conduct are established for Shi`ites, one regulating interactions with non-Shi`ites, and one regulating interactions with other Shi`ites. It draws on the Shi`ite hadith of the Imami (Twelver) tradition in order to construct a rich picture of the developing Shi`ite community, stressing the Shi`ites’ ideas about their relationship to the Imam, to each other, and to non-Shi`ites, particularly the Islamic ummah at large.
    keywords: community; islamic; shi`ites
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        item: #362 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1440
      author: Newcomb, Rachel
       title: The Anthropology of Islam: By Gabriele Marranci (Oxford and New York: Berg, 2008. 182 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 999
      flesch: 37
     summary: One of the problems with past anthropological studies of Islam lies in the fact that they rely more on the religion as a deterministic structure that conditions identity formation, rather than on the emotional environment or individual agency. Gabriele Marranci’s latest book, The Anthropology of Islam, examines the history and current status of anthropological work focusing on Islam.
    keywords: anthropology; islam; muslims
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        item: #363 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1441
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Knowledge Triumphant: The Concept of Knowledge in Medieval Islam by Franz Rosenthal (Leiden: Brill, 2007. 355 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1126
      flesch: 49
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:4 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk As befits a social and intellectual historian, Rosenthal’s survey com- mences with the philology of the word knowledge (`ilm) and works through instances in early Islam and Arabic poetry before moving on to chapters on definition, theology, Sufism, philosophy, and finally concluding with a chap- ter on the social contexts and uses of knowledge. Chapter 4 ushers in a shift to philosophy by examining defi- nitions of knowledge.
    keywords: chapter; knowledge
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        item: #364 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1442
      author: Hartmann, Noga
       title: Islamic Philosophy A-Z: By Peter S. Groff with Oliver Leaman (Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. 237 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 838
      flesch: 51
     summary: This work includes diverse accounts of various central aspects and key figures of Islamic philosophy (Ibn Rushd, pp. Understanding Islamic philosophy, an indispensable formative link in the chain of medieval thought, is crucial to grasping the intertwined develop- ment of philosophical ideas both within and without the Islamic sphere dur- ing the period under discussion.
    keywords: islamic; philosophy
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        item: #365 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1443
      author: Girdner, Scott
       title: The Story of the Qur’an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life by Ingrid Mattson (Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2008. pages 262.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1071
      flesch: 43
     summary: Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Qur’an as well as a conventional account of pre-Islamic Arabia and the life of Muhammad. Chapter 2 is an ambitious effort to present the development of the Muslim community dur- ing the years of the Qur’an’s revelation.
    keywords: chapter; mattson; qur’an
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        item: #366 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1444
      author: Farghal, Mohammed
       title: Arabic, Islam, and the Allah Lexicon: How Language Shapes Our Conception of God by John A. Morrow, ed. (USA: Edwin Melton Press, 2006. 317 pages.
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1310
      flesch: 33
     summary: Her empirical study on the frequency of using Allah-featuring expressions by informants from different Arab countries shows striking similarities in the heavy use of such familiar pan-Arab expressions as bismillaah (in the name of Allah), ’al- 140 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:4 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk hamdu lillaah (Praise be to Allah), ’inšaa’ ’allaah, and wallaah (By Allah), regardless of whether they live in an Arab or a foreign country. Surprisingly, such languages as Persian and Urdu, which are spoken by non-Arab Muslim communities, noticeably lag behind in the employment of the Allah lexicon, as they favor the use of the native word khuda (God) instead of Allah.
    keywords: allah; arab; lexicon
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        item: #367 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1446
      author: Usman, Azhar
       title: An Apology: Heartfelt Reflections on the Passing of a Legendary Blackamerican Muslim leader
        date: 2008.0
       words: 2801
      flesch: 55
     summary: It is hoped that the passing of Imam WDM will also mark the end of a chapter in our collective American Muslim history, and perhaps now, in earnest, we can all look together toward The Third Resurrection. There are literally thousands, if not tens of thousands of young American Muslims just like me, born to immigrant parents who originate from all over the Muslim world.
    keywords: american; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; imam; islam; muslim
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        item: #368 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1447
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Crossing Boundaries: Mobilizing Faith, Diversity, and Dialogue
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1560
      flesch: 34
     summary: Past and Current Examples,” consisted of Robert W. Lawrence (Albertus Magnus College), Mohammed Nimer (American University), and D. Jason Berggren. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 151 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Before the annual banquet’s keynote address, the late Dr. Louis Cantori was euologized by Mazrui and Roy Mottahedeh (Harvard University), Mazrui spoke of Cantori’s creative participation in interfaith dialogue, and commitment to cultivating mutual respect among Muslims, Christians and Jews through an enriched understanding of religious pluralism.
    keywords: american; conference; dialogue; islam; muslims; panel; university
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        item: #369 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1448
      author: Khan, Mahruq F.; Hermansen, Marcia
       title: Muslim Girl Studies: Bismillahs, Barbies, and Bling
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1303
      flesch: 22
     summary: Muslim Girl Studies: Bismillahs, Barbies, and Bling A colloquium on “girl studies,” organized by Marcia Hermansen (director, Islamic World Studies) and Laura Miller (professor, Department of Anthro- pology) took place on 12 April 2008, at Loyola University Chicago. Supporters claim that girl studies is a worthwhile research domain due to the prior disregard for age within women’s studies and gender within youth stud- ies.
    keywords: american; girlhood; girls; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; studies
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        item: #370 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1449
      author: Masmoudi, Mariem
       title: Political Islam and Democracy
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1010
      flesch: 26
     summary: The pursuit of democracy in the Muslim world is destined to be a long and difficult path, but it is critical to remember that nothing worth having comes easily, and that establishing democracies in the Muslim world will, in the end, be well worth the effort. Topics like “The Many Faces of Political Islam,” “From Taliban to Erdogan,” and refuting the notions that American policymakers “lump all Islamists into the category of terrorists and extremists” and that the United States has abandoned its rhetoric of pushing for democracy were analyzed.
    keywords: democracy; islam; islamic; muslim
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        item: #371 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1450
      author: Kayadibi, Saim; Omar, Raihanah
       title: Na`ar¥yOEt al-îukm and Ma§OEdir al-Shar¥`ah
        date: 2008.0
       words: 794
      flesch: 44
     summary: Given the international focus on Islamic studies and law, the seminar was structured around the fundamental principles of Islamic law and how they can be embraced by elaborating upon their vital principles to make them better understood. Group C presented the Sunnah, one of the unan- imously accepted sources of Islamic law.
    keywords: islamic; law; shari`ah
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        item: #372 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1451
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Fine Arts in Egypt: 100 Years of Creativity
        date: 2008.0
       words: 780
      flesch: 32
     summary: In the sessions on education, the presenters analyzed “Curriculum Development and Teaching Method in Fine Arts,” “Fine Arts Education and the Preservation of Cultural and Local Heritage,” “Fine Arts and Issues of the Environment,” and “The Devel- opment of Fine Arts Education and Information Technology.” Held under the auspices of Egypt’s first lady, Suzanne Mubarak, the opening ceremony featured welcome speeches by Farouk Hosni (minister of culture), Abdulla Barakat (president, Helwan University), Mohamed Mek- kawy (dean, Fine Arts), and Aleya Abdel-Hadi (conference organizer).
    keywords: arts; conference; egypt
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        item: #373 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1452
      author: Lawson, Todd
       title: The Qur’an as Matrix of Islamic Civilization and Society
        date: 2008.0
       words: 2214
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the genre of literature that deals with the miraculous nature (i`jaz) of the Qur’an, various authors have sought to demonstrate the miracle of the Qur’an on various grounds: the compelling and matchless esthetic beauty of the Arabic; the quality of information and knowledge contained in the Book, either “scientific” or “religious”; and its miraculous transformative power, by which a new civilization was created through the work of devout believers whose souls had been changed. Thus Islamic civilization is seen to have an umbilical relationship with the Qur’an as revelation and text.
    keywords: god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; qur’an
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        item: #374 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1453
      author: Hartmann, Noga
       title: Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an: Volume Five: Si-Z by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, ed. (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2006. 576 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 887
      flesch: 46
     summary: Volume 6, the index for the entire encyclopaedia, integrates the alpha- betically arranged entries of articles about the contents of the Qur’an accord- ing to the list of authors, articles, proper names, Arabic words and phrases, and Qur’anic citations. Siddiqui reviews the veil in the light of Islamic religious literature (viz., the Qur’an, Qur’an commentaries, and the hadiths) and portrays the current state of affairs concerning it.
    keywords: qur’an; volume; world
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        item: #375 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1454
      author: Langermann, Y. Tzvi
       title: The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran by Christoph Luxenberg (Berlin: Hans Schiler, 2007. 349 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1230
      flesch: 56
     summary: On the strong side, Luxenberg suggests that the final alif, which has, with great difficulty, been interpreted as an accusative in words such as mathalan (11:24) or al-hawaya (6:146), can be better explained on the basis of corresponding Aramaic forms (pp. 44-45 and elsewhere). The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran Christoph Luxenberg Berlin: Hans Schiler, 2007. 349 pages.
    keywords: arabic; book; luxenberg
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        item: #376 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1455
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Identity and Religion in Palestine: The Struggle between Islamism and Secularism in the Occupied Territories by Loren D. Lybarger (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2007. 265 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1149
      flesch: 41
     summary: The Palestinian political identity is in a state of flux, and Islam’s dominant role in Palestinian society can no longer be ignored or dismissed. Having explored both theories, Fatah’s visual and demographic components are then analyzed, revealing a calculated image that integrates the diverse constituencies of Palestinian society, from univer- sity students and new professionals to villagers and shop owners.
    keywords: gaza; identity; islamist; nationalism
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        item: #377 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1456
      author: Jerome, Alexandra
       title: Transnational Muslims in American Society: By Amina Beverly McCloud (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2006. 161 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1025
      flesch: 33
     summary: Particularly interesting in this chapter, however, is the author’s delving into the national identi- ties of Arab Muslims and looking at such particular cases of immigration and transnational identity as that of Palestinian Americans, who exist in an uncomfortable limbo as refugees and in a diaspora. Although South Asian and Arab Muslims outnumber Iranians in the United States, the preva- lent American image of Iranians is associated with the embassy hostage cri- sis of the early 1980s.
    keywords: american; identity; muslim
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        item: #378 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1457
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Indian Sufism since the Seventeenth Century: Saints, Books, and Empires in the Muslim Deccan by Nile Green (London: Routledge, 2006. 210 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 958
      flesch: 48
     summary: but, I guess, marketing demands this: a book on Indian Sufism will no doubt sell better than one that merely describes itself as a study of Deccan Sufism (it is, in fact, a bit more precise 130 Chapter 1 introduces these Sufis in the age of the new Mughal Empire in the Deccan and focuses on Shah Nur (d. 1692, an interesting Iranian who Book Reviews 129 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk may well have been a Shi`i), the Naqshbandi warrior-saints Shah Palang- posh (d. 1699) and Shah Musafir (d. 1715), and the Chishti Shaykh Nizam al-Din (d. 1729).
    keywords: chapter; deccan; sufis
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        item: #379 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1458
      author: Stewart, Devin J.
       title: The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shi`ite Islam by Liyakat N. Takim (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006. 215 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1122
      flesch: 32
     summary: The Heirs of the Prophet begs the question of how the disciples’ author- ity is related to Shiite religious authority during the Lesser Occultation and afterward. This substantially revised version of a dissertation completed at the School of Oriental and African Studies in 1990 focuses on the disciples (rijal) of the Imams in the Twelver Shiite tradition, arguing that they developed, through the routinization of charisma, a distinct type of religious authority in the eighth and ninth centuries based on their special relationship with the Imams, but to some extent independent of them.
    keywords: authority; disciples; imams
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        item: #380 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1459
      author: Hassan-Yari, Houchang
       title: Iran in the 21st Century: Politics, Economics & Conflict by Homa Katouzian and Hossein Shahidi, eds. (London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. 300 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1074
      flesch: 29
     summary: After a quick review of the question of national interest in the Islamic Republic’s constitution, the author applies conceptual and theoretical mod- els to Iran’s performance in the realm of foreign policy to present a better understanding of the status of national interest in Iran’s policy. He asserts that Iran’s foreign policy is essentially idealist, indicating the existence of contradictory trends regarding the question of national interest.
    keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; interest; iran; islamic
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        item: #381 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1460
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Unity in Diversity: Interfaith Dialogue in the Middle East by Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Amal I. Khoury, and Emily Welty (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2007. 285 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1265
      flesch: 35
     summary: Just as Unity in Diversity opens with a series of recommendations for the “best practices” in IFD, it culminates with some advice concerning future IFD activities, such as professional training for staff and directors of IFD organizations, increased youth participation, and further research on IFD’s contribution to conflict resolution. Chapter 3, “Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding in Israel and Pales- tine,” commences with a detailed analysis of IFD cases in Israel/Palestine and then explores such interfaith organizations as the Palestinian Academic Soci- ety for the Study of International Affairs and Sabeel.
    keywords: dialogue; ifd; interfaith; peace
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        item: #382 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1461
      author: Kowalski, Mumina
       title: Islaamic Rulings for Incarcerated Muslims: Volume One: A Compilation of Verdicts and Rulings by Various Ulaama of Ahlis-Sunnah Wal-Jamaa’ah (Dallas: Tarbiyyah Bookstore Publishing, 2007. 96 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1035
      flesch: 42
     summary: This booklet lacks understanding of Islamic chaplaincy’s broad role in prison, which includes legitimate religious representation and accommoda- tion for prison inmates, with a clear recognition that such accommodation must be for all. Eighty questions, purportedly from incarcerated Mus- lims in American prisons, are answered by thirteen shaykhs and published by a bookstore, self-described as “revolutionizing authentic salafee publish- ing” (back cover).
    keywords: muslim; prison; questions
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        item: #383 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1462
      author: Varisco, Daniel Martin
       title: Medieval Islamic Medicine: By Peter E. Pormann and Emilie Savage-Smith (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2007. 223 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1068
      flesch: 41
     summary: A valuable part of the book is the final chapter on the continuance of Islamic medical practices and texts through to the modern era. One of the acknowledged contributions to late medieval western education was the tradition of Islamic medicine, both for its role in preserving earlier Greek medical knowledge and, as the authors of this book demonstrate, for innovative and creative advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.
    keywords: authors; islamic; medicine
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        item: #384 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1463
      author: Blumi, Isa
       title: Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century: By C. Snouck Hurgronje (Leiden: Brill, 2007. 326 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1059
      flesch: 41
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk faith that furnished both Dutch subjects and many Muslims of European ori- gin (probably Hurgronje himself) with the kind of intellectual as well as existential sustenance that could not be ignored due to sectarian hostility. As Hurgronje himself writes, this is a study to help non-Muslims, espe- cially fellow Dutchmen, understand their Muslim subjects living in the Far East.
    keywords: hurgronje; muslims; study
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        item: #385 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1464
      author: Ahmad, Imad-ad-Dean; Beutel, Alejandro J.
       title: U.S. Foreign Policy, Not Islamic Teachings, Account for al-Qaeda’s Draw
        date: 2008.0
       words: 2230
      flesch: 55
     summary: Bin Laden lays them out for anyone to read. Last accessed 10 Mar. 2008; “Bin Laden Tape: Text.”
    keywords: bin; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; laden; mar; muslim; policy
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        item: #386 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1465
      author: Mian, Ali Altaf
       title: The Fifth Annual Duke-UNC Graduate Islamic Studies Conference
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1489
      flesch: 31
     summary: Ebrahim Moosa’s (Duke University) concluding remarks ranged from highlighting the ethical and juristic dilemmas presented by technological reconfigurations and resuscitations of Muslim bodies in contemporary times to problematizing normative usages and mobilizations of ijtihad in response to the crucial challenges that (post)modern social imaginaries pose for Islam and Muslims. In his “‘What Their Hands Have Sent Forward’: Performatives of the Hand as Described in Qur’anic Exegesis and Hadith Literature,” Ali Altaf Mian (Duke University) explored possible reworkings of theorizing the performative (from John Austin and Jacques Derrida to Pierre Bourdieu and Judih Butler) using examples from Qur’anic verses and hadiths.
    keywords: bodies; body; duke; islam; panel; university
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        item: #387 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1466
      author: Phillips, Richard
       title: Muslim Geographies
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1140
      flesch: 36
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Delgado (Madrid) delivered a paper on Internet forums as transnational meet- ing points for young Muslims from Life Makers of Europe. The event had several goals: to draw together and advance geographical research involving Muslims, provide a forum for debate about the spaces that shape Muslim lives, and establish informed dialogue between Muslims and non-Muslims as well as between academics and activists.
    keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; liverpool; muslims; research; spaces
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        item: #388 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1467
      author: Khan, Sameen Ahmed
       title: The First International Conference on Arabs’ and Muslims’ History of Sciences
        date: 2008.0
       words: 975
      flesch: 23
     summary: Contributions of Muslim Scientists in the Fields of Astronomy, Basic Space and Weather Sciences, Astronomical Observatories and Astronomical Applications in the Islamic Shari`ah; Humanities; Medical Sciences; Basic and Applied Sciences (Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and Geosciences); Islamic Arts; Industrial Applications, Engineering and Mechanical Sciences; Agriculture, Soil, and Irriga- tion Sciences; and Geography and Oceanography. 3. The conference created an intellectual platform to enhance communica- tion among scientists and researchers studying the history of the various sci- 158 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk https://www.sharjah.ac.ae/) http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 159 ences, highlight the Muslim scientists’ impact on advancing civilization, and documenting the testimonies of non-Muslim scientists who recognize the Muslims’ scientific achievements.
    keywords: islamic; muslims; sciences; university
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        item: #389 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1471
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2008.0
       words: 3553
      flesch: 50
     summary: Huntington’s thesis would lead us to believe that Muslims would acquiesce to western double standards because they either do not want to or else are incapable of achieving noble western values anyway. He posited a dyadic relationship between the West and Islam: whereas western values were laud- able, they were missing in Islam, for Western ideas of individualism, liberalism, constitutionalism, human rights, equality, liberty, rule of law, democracy, free markets, the separa- PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk tion of church and state, often have little resonance in Islamic, Confucian, Japanese, Hindu, Buddhist or Orthodox cultures.”
    keywords: democracy; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; hypocrisy; islam; muslims; social; values; west
       cache: ajiss-1471.pdf
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        item: #390 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1472
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: Written for the West: Reading Three Iranian Women’s Memoirs
        date: 2008.0
       words: 3425
      flesch: 45
     summary: Reading women’s memoirs does not automatically contribute to better pedagogies, just as exposure to western literature does not naturally liberate Iranian women from patriarchal dictatorship. It is hard to miss Nafisi’s working assumption (even though she has denied this in her interviews) that exposure to the works of such western novelists as Vladimir Nabokov, Jane Austin, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Henry James enables Iranian women to assert their agency and counter Islamist dictatorship.
    keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; iran; lolita; nafisi; reading; tehran; women
       cache: ajiss-1472.pdf
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        item: #391 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1473
      author: Krawietz, Birgit
       title: Bioethics & Organ Transplantation in a Muslim Society: A Study in Culture, Ethnography, and Religion by Farhat Moazam (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. 264 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1164
      flesch: 48
     summary: The medical staff received western medical training and adheres to the principles of modern biomedical ethics as formulated by American philosophers in the 1960s and 1970s (pp. 2-3 and 222). Kidney donation practices are fraught with potential conflict, because Pakistani families are very collectivistic instead of individualistic (pp.
    keywords: moazam; transplantation
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        item: #392 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1474
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Cobra II: By Michael R Gordon and General Bernard E. Trainor (New York: Pantheon Books, 2006. 603 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1201
      flesch: 49
     summary: As part of President George W. Bush’s vision of overhauling the American military, this program became a sort of “official ideology” (p. 8) and response to two main concerns: (1) the long time (six months) it took to plan and amass American forces during the lead-up to the 1992 Gulf War that had reversed Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait (this length of time was considered to fall short of credible “superpower” projection), and (2) the American military’s ability to fight two major wars simultaneously, which came to be known as the “two-war doctrine” (pp. The problem with the second consideration was that it required large ground forces to implement the doctrine, at a time when the foreseen trans- formation sought to trim American forces in favor of high-tech space and precision weapons.
    keywords: american; forces
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        item: #393 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1475
      author: Kiel, Doug
       title: The Holy Land in Transit: Colonialism and the Quest for Canaan by Steven Salaita (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006. 234 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 854
      flesch: 27
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:2 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Despite notable differences between Native and Palestinian cultures and somewhat homogenizing indigenous histories to bolster his argument, Salaita’s undertaking is an outstanding success. In this groundbreaking comparative analysis of the Holy Land pathos (labeled “pernicious mythology” and “messianic extrem- ism”) across national boundaries, Salaita explicates the Manifest Destiny pro- cess of “wresting Edenic land from savages in the name of prophesy and progress” (p. 119).
    keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; land; salaita
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        item: #394 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1476
      author: Mir, Anita
       title: Islamic Democratic Discourse: Theory, Debates, and Philosophical Perspectives by M. A. Muqtedar Khan, ed. (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. 271 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1271
      flesch: 46
     summary: Theory, Debates, and Philosophical Perspectives examines how Muslim thinkers have and are trying to formulate systems for good and ethical self-gover- nance and the necessity, therein, for political discourse. The debates in these essays, which span a wide range of subjects and periods, are held together by a common principle: political discourse has a long standing in the Muslim world.
    keywords: discourse; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic
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        item: #395 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1477
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective by Tahir Abbas, ed. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. 306 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1203
      flesch: 36
     summary: But what is lacking here is a study of France and Germany, the main sites of Muslim radicalism in Europe. Apart from Abbas’ own introduction, a brief but excellent summary of the volume’s concerns and contents, the other paper that caught my eye was Ismail Patel’s examination of what one means by political radicalism on the scale from “moderate” Islamists to Salafi jihadis.
    keywords: communities; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; muslim; radicalism
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        item: #396 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1478
      author: Aviv, Efrat E.
       title: Gender, Modernity, and Liberty – Middle Eastern and Western Women’s Writings: A Critical Sourcebook by Reina Lewis and Nancy Micklewright, eds. (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2006. 259 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 907
      flesch: 51
     summary: Based upon the information provided, it seems that Middle Eastern women followed the conditions and campaigns of western women with great interest, even though they proffered a cogent critique of western liberation’s limitations and adopted only select western feminist ideas. In addition, the book’s sampling of women writers of the period contributes to 122 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:2 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk all gender research, not only that of the Middle East.
    keywords: book; middle; women
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        item: #397 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1479
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: Islam Obscured: The Rhetoric of Anthropological Representation by Daniel Martin Varisco (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 226 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1211
      flesch: 34
     summary: Chapter 1, “Clifford Geertz: Islam Observed Again,” argues that Geertz’s seminal text on Islam, contrary to its claims, is “neither scientific nor ethno- graphic” (p. 29) due to its profound lack of any analysis of primary texts, contextual depth, and cultural thickness. Varisco Book Reviews 123 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk describes the main thread of ethnographic studies of Muslims, from Evans- Pritchard to Gellner, Geertz, and his students I. M. Lewis and Michael Gilsenen, as concentrating on Islamic mysticism: “Once again, it seems as though anthropology came to Islam via the exotic, as though the mundane was too obvious, perhaps too boring, to require explanation” (p. 17).
    keywords: islam; varisco
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        item: #398 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1480
      author: Derayeh, Minoo
       title: Between Warrior Brother and Veiled Sister: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Politics of Patriarchy in Iran by Minoo Moallem (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2005. 267 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1110
      flesch: 40
     summary: Although Shirin Ebadi, Mehrangiz Kaar, and other Iranian women have voiced their opinions on these issues, Moallem classifies them as “feminist legal schol- ars” (p. 180) and mentions them only in passing (pp. 150 and 180). Moallem argues that although many women and men were will- ing to die for the revolution’s success as it was unfolding, and although such enthusiasm knew no gender, after its success “martyrdom” became a sym- bol of masculinity while women were relegated to the roles of a martyr’s mother, sister, or wife (pp. 106-07).
    keywords: fundamentalism; islamic; women
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        item: #399 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1481
      author: Ben-Ami, Naama
       title: Arab Representations of the Occident: East-West Encounters in Arabic Fiction by Rasheed El-Enany (London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 255 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1068
      flesch: 46
     summary: The book presents the views of Arab writers from various lands and periods who, over a period of some 200 years, dealt in some way with the East-West encounter. Interestingly enough, Arab male authors usually describe an encounter between an Arab man and a western woman (usually British or French), while female writers most often describe an Arab woman who arrives in the West for some reason and encounters a western man.
    keywords: book; period; west
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        item: #400 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1482
      author: Johnston, David
       title: Freedom and Orthodoxy: Islam and Difference in the Post-Andalusian Age by Anouar Majid (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004. 270 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1148
      flesch: 33
     summary: In “Liberties Undone” (chapter 4), Majid describes the “third great wave of post-Andalusian ideologies”: capitalism, starting in 1848 (Eric Hobs- bawm, The Age of Capital: 1848-1875) and gradually giving birth to the “postcolonial condition” we know today. Building on his previous book, Unveiling Traditions: Postcolonial Islam in a Polycentric World (Duke University Press: 2000), Majid expands and deepens his historical and philosophical analysis, exhorts both Muslims and westerners to search their souls, remove the roots of their own cherished cer- tainties that exclude the Other (i.e., fundamentalisms), and engage in the path of creative dialog.
    keywords: american; book; majid
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        item: #401 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1483
      author: Ali, Syed Asim
       title: The Qur’an: Essential Teachings by Abdur Raheem Kidwai (Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation, 2005. 192 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1020
      flesch: 60
     summary: Moreover, nowhere does the Qur’an specify that God appointed humanity to be His vicegerent. The reader would, therefore, be justified in expecting another book from the pen of this prom- ising Qur’an scholar written exclusively for the questioning mind of the twenty-first century.
    keywords: book; god; qur’an
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        item: #402 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1484
      author: Jones, Alyson E.
       title: Music Education and Muslims: By Diana Harris (Stoke on Trent, UK and Sterling, USA: Trentham Books, 2006. 149 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1099
      flesch: 46
     summary: Yet overall, Harris presents a strong case for the relevance of her topic and provides helpful advice for music teachers struggling to deal with these issues in a sensitive manner. The second initiative, led by Robert Bun- ting and other specialists in Birmingham, sought to introduce Islamic music and culture into state schools with a high proportion of Muslim students.
    keywords: harris; music; united
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        item: #403 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1485
      author: Holtzman, Livnat
       title: Marriage, Money, and Divorce in Medieval Islamic Society: By Yossef Rapoport (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 137 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1099
      flesch: 46
     summary: Yet overall, Harris presents a strong case for the relevance of her topic and provides helpful advice for music teachers struggling to deal with these issues in a sensitive manner. The second initiative, led by Robert Bun- ting and other specialists in Birmingham, sought to introduce Islamic music and culture into state schools with a high proportion of Muslim students.
    keywords: harris; music; united
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        item: #404 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1486
      author: Fatima, Altaf
       title: The Role of Popular Muslim Movements in the Indian Freedom Struggle
        date: 2008.0
       words: 5196
      flesch: 54
     summary: Origin- ally, British Indian coins simply said “East India Company,” the chartered British company that was the ruler of British India. In the case of Muslim India, this is reflected in the historical accounts of Muslim South Asia’s decline during the eighteenth century and its final defeat in 1857.
    keywords: british; company; freedom; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; india; islamic; khairabadi; movement; mughal; muslim; pdf; social; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-1486.pdf
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        item: #405 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1487
      author: Ahmad, Junaid S.
       title: Protecting America’s Promise
        date: 2008.0
       words: 974
      flesch: 30
     summary: Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports Protecting America’s Promise The 2007 joint National Association of Muslim Lawyers (NAML) and National Muslim Law Students Association (NMLSA) conference took place on 9-11 November in San Francisco. Junaid S. Ahmad President, National Muslim Law Students Association JD candidate in law, College of William and Mary School of Law Williamsburg, Virginia PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk
    keywords: law; muslim; session
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        item: #406 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1488
      author: Huda, Qamar-ul
       title: Peacemaking in Iran
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1940
      flesch: 39
     summary: Interestingly, the three grand ayatol- lahs in Qom never mentioned religion or religious peacemaking. Abdul Hayy Weinman (professor, University of New Mexico) spoke about the Sunni-Shi`ah dia- logues, areas for reconciliation, and effective practices in dialogic encoun- PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk ters within religious communities.
    keywords: conflict; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; peace; religion; scholars; shi`ah
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        item: #407 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1489
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2008.0
       words: 3783
      flesch: 45
     summary: Similarly, the countless hours expended by Dr. Ahmad to recruit Muslim and non-Muslim contributors added a great weight to the collaborative nature of his relationship with the founding editor-in-chief, Dr. Nyang. Biographies of the New Assistant Editors IMAD-AD-DEAN AHMAD, PH.D.: Dr. Ahmad graduated cum laude from Harvard in 1970 and went on to obtain a Ph.D. in astronomy and astrophysics from the University of Arizona (1975).
    keywords: american; amss; board; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; journal; muslim; president; social; university
       cache: ajiss-1489.pdf
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        item: #408 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1490
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Why the French Don’t Like Headscarves: Islam, the State, and Public Space by John R. Bowen (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007. 290 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1052
      flesch: 45
     summary: The French law banning the hijab from public schools presents itself as just as baffling as any non-western custom. So with a catchy title designed to appeal to this widespread bafflement, the author seeks to explain the intellectual underpinnings and political processes that led to this ban- ning of “ostentatious” religious symbols in public schools on March 15, 2004.
    keywords: french; law; state
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        item: #409 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1491
      author: Armani, David
       title: Tehran Blues: By Kaveh Basmenji (London: Saqi Books, 2005. 272 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 922
      flesch: 49
     summary: Due to Basmenji’s accessible and engaging writing style, I recom- mend this book not only to scholars of Persian culture and history, but also to anyone who aspires to be more informed about Iranian society and the chasm between its older and younger generations. This informative and timely book, Tehran Blues: How Iranian Youth Rebelled Against Iran’s Founding Fathers, is skillfully crafted into eleven chapters that showcase current Iranian politics while drawing insights from its past.
    keywords: basmenji; book; iran
       cache: ajiss-1491.pdf
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        item: #410 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1492
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Jordanian Jerusalem: Holy Places and National Spaces by Kimberly Katz (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005. 214 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1156
      flesch: 36
     summary: Drawing on royal speeches, legislation, newspapers, foreign archives, visual sources, and the recollections of individuals residing in Jerusalem during the given period, academic analyses are fused with personal accounts to produce a well-rounded insight into Jordanian Jerusalem. ing the endeavors of King Abdullah and King Hussein to assert Transjordan’s authority over Jerusalem despite international and Israeli rivalry, Katz affords a unique insight into the multifarious means used to court its residents through events, banknotes, and stamps between 1948 and 1967.
    keywords: abdullah; holy; jerusalem; jordanian
       cache: ajiss-1492.pdf
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        item: #411 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1493
      author: Varisco, Daniel Martin
       title: Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen by Jillian Schwedler (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 252 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 912
      flesch: 37
     summary: As an anthropologist I applaud her study, in which careful observation of what Muslims both say they want to do and actually do differently hones theory, rather than subsumes political actors into pre-existing and often self-serving essentialist notions. Overriding this is a theoretical concern with explanations for transition to democracy, a field called “transitology” in political science.
    keywords: study; yemen
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        item: #412 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1494
      author: Johnston, David
       title: Morocco: The Islamist Awakening and Other Challenges by Marvine Howe (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 428 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1009
      flesch: 49
     summary: Veteran journalist Marvine Howe’s book on Morocco is unique in its genre. Though she worked for Radio Maroc and as a stringer for the New York Times and Time-Life in Morocco from 1951 to 1962, Howe has covered several topics related to that country since and returned for a serious “Tour du Maroc” with two old friends in 2001.
    keywords: book; howe; morocco
       cache: ajiss-1494.pdf
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        item: #413 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1495
      author: Tatari, Eren
       title: Islam in Modern Turkey: An Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi by Shukran Vahide (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. 424 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 810
      flesch: 44
     summary: Even though Nursi’s first and foremost mission was to present a new exegesis of the Qur’anic teachings based on the revival of faith by confirmation (tahqiq), the author focuses on the historical context of Nursi’s life and writings to such a degree that she disregards the importance of expounding upon the Risale-i Nur’s main message and Nursi’s unique contribution to the study of Islam. Islam in Modern Turkey pre- sents a clear picture of these aspects of Nursi’s personal journey in the face of historical developments taking place in Turkey and the world.
    keywords: nursi; writings
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        item: #414 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1496
      author: Ali, Othman
       title: The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development by Wadie Jwaideh (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2006. 419 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 923
      flesch: 43
     summary: This pioneering study is still a standard work in Kurdish studies. In his foreword, the well-known Kurdologist Martin van Bruinessen writes that “many scholars have recognized its importance not only as a study of the earlier phases of Kurdish nationalism, but also as a framework for understanding later developments.”
    keywords: jwaideh; kurdish; middle
       cache: ajiss-1496.pdf
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        item: #415 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1497
      author: Monaghan, Sean
       title: The Last Jews of Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland by Nissim Rejwan (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. 268 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1136
      flesch: 38
     summary: Yet their centuries- long presence was such that, as the author notes, for those Jews who were born and grew up in Baghdad before the mass exodus of 1950-51, the pres- ence of a mere handful of elderly Jews in the city today is “a state of affairs [that] is hard to imagine” (p. 1). “It is all but impossible to pinpoint a date or an event with which the position of the Jews of Iraq began to deteriorate and take the course leading finally, Book Reviews 121 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk inevitably, to the destruction of community,” writes Nissim Rejwan near the end of his memoir The Last Jews of Baghdad (p. 188).
    keywords: jews; rejwan
       cache: ajiss-1497.pdf
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        item: #416 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1498
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: A Concise History of the Middle East, 8th ed.: By Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and Lawrence Davidson (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2006. 559 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1145
      flesch: 44
     summary: In a discipline rich in studies addressing the multifarious aspects of the Middle East, a publication exploring the region’s history from the pre-Islamic period to the present confronts a fervent contest in establishing itself as a notable work. Advancing into chapter 2, “The Middle East before Muhammad,” a charismatic and informative account of the early era is delivered through a straightforward narrative suited to the target readership.
    keywords: chapter; east; history; middle
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        item: #417 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1499
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Islam in History and Politics: Perspectives from South Asia by Asim Roy, ed. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. 224 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1116
      flesch: 33
     summary: A professor at Royal Holloway in London and former president of the Royal Asiatic Society, Robinson is one of the most prominent scholars on (early) modern Islam in South Asia. This collection of essays consists primarily of the output of Australia’s first major conference on South Asian Islam, held in 1996.
    keywords: http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; south
       cache: ajiss-1499.pdf
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        item: #418 of 2426
          id: ajiss-150
      author: Morris, James Harry
       title: Some Reflections on the First Muslim Visitor to Japan
        date: 2018.0
       words: 5721
      flesch: 62
     summary: Yuán Shi ̌ 元史, Lièzhuàn dì jiǔshíwǔ wài yí yī 列傳第九十五　外夷一, Yuán Shi ̌ 元史, Lièzhuàn dì jiǔshíwǔ wài yí yī 列傳第九十五　外夷一,
    keywords: chinese; envoy; japan; japanese; kamakura; month; muslim; nendaiki; paragraph; shi; sources; sādōulǔdīng; term; tokyo; xīn; yuán
       cache: ajiss-150.pdf
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        item: #419 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1500
      author: Blumi, Isa
       title: Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static by Abdul Aziz Said, Mohammed Abu-Nimer, and Meena Sharify-Funk, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2006. 272 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1174
      flesch: 36
     summary: Contemporary Islam: Dynamic, Not Static challenges these prevailing currents in scholarship by actually engaging the audience in a fashion that does not concede Islam’s centrality to a larger human experience. Moreover, some of these chapters reiterate the desperate need to champion new modes of analy- sis that will help us move beyond the dangerous reductions of Islam to a sin- gle articulation of what the “West” supposedly is not.
    keywords: islam; new; world
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        item: #420 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1501
      author: Nagah, Hadeer A.
       title: Revitalizing Higher Education in the Muslim World: By AbdulHamid A. AbuSulayman (London and Washington, DC: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2006. 41 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1080
      flesch: 41
     summary: In a very direct, easy-to-read, and simple language, the book introduces the current problematic situation of Islamic higher education and offers a practical solu- tion. Under its double- major systems, students majoring in Islamic studies are required to major in a second social science of their choice and vice versa.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; ummah
       cache: ajiss-1501.pdf
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        item: #421 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1502
      author: Kennedy-Day, Kiki
       title: Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology By John Renard, S.J., trans. and introduced (New York: Paulist Press, 2004. 434 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1008
      flesch: 56
     summary: It brings together a variety of thinkers, from the Egyptian Dhu’ al-Nun to the rationalist al-Ghazali to Suhrawardi, the proponent of knowledge by presence. For al-Ghazali, Renard translates book 21 of Ihya’ `Ulum al-Din.
    keywords: god; knowledge
       cache: ajiss-1502.pdf
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        item: #422 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1503
      author: Armani, David; Gormley, Louise
       title: Persian Love Poetry: By Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis and Sheila R. Canby, eds. (Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Books, 2006. 96 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1023
      flesch: 50
     summary: Their aim is not to produce a well-researched and exhaustive collection of Persian love poetry, but rather “to encourage readers to delve further into the wealth of Persian literature” (p. 5). This little book is a beguiling collection of Persian love poems drawn from both classical and modern poetry, but united by the theme of love in its myr- iad interpretations.
    keywords: love; persian; poetry
       cache: ajiss-1503.pdf
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        item: #423 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1504
      author: Kueny, Kathryn
       title: Infidel: By Ayaan Hirsi Ali (New York: Free Press, 2007. 353 pages.)
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1416
      flesch: 58
     summary: As a result, family life for Hirsi Ali was far from ideal. Throughout Infidel, Hirsi Ali drives home the point that all her success and all that she identifies as good and positive in her life is a result of her questioning and ultimately rejecting Islam.
    keywords: ali; hirsi; islam
       cache: ajiss-1504.pdf
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        item: #424 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1505
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: Editorial Introduction
        date: 2008.0
       words: 2215
      flesch: 48
     summary: This is because of the fact that a third group of Muslims is now inextricably linked to American history and American society. Yet, having said all this about the difficulties of the immigrants from the Muslim lands, one can quickly point out that, without denying the historical precedence of the African Muslims of ante bellum America, Islam became a reality in American society only after the Muslim immigrants of the Twentieth Century began to exercise their freedom of worship in an America where each and every citizen strongly believes in his right to worship differ- ently.
    keywords: american; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1505.pdf
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        item: #425 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1506
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Perils of Empire: Islamophobia, Religious Extremism, and the New Imperialism
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1668
      flesch: 37
     summary: Adel Ait-Ghezala (American University) argued that tourism helps to recreate a colonial environment and thus debases local cultures and peoples. Sarah Swick (American University) discussed her research project on how young Muslim women in Britain create their own space within mainstream British culture.
    keywords: american; canada; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamophobia; muslims; panel; university
       cache: ajiss-1506.pdf
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        item: #426 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1507
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Islam, Democracy, and Public Life in South Africa and in France
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1522
      flesch: 37
     summary: The “Women, Islam, and Political Identities” panel papers were deliv- ered by Na’eem Jeenah (Freedom of Expression Institute, Johannesburg), “Muslim Women, Islamic Feminisms, and Politics in South Africa”; Sindre Bangstad (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World, Leiden University), “It Is All In Allah’s Hands: Tracing Transformations of Islamic Marriages through the Narratives of Cape Muslim Women in Poly- gynous Marriages”; and Fariba Adelkah’s (CNRS/CERI/FNSP), “Islamo- phobia and the Malaise in Anthropology: To be Veiled or not to be Veiled in Iran,” which discussed the over-politicized “veil” issue and revealed exist- ing misunderstandings within the respective antagonistic spheres of society and the state. Islam, Democracy, and Public Life in South Africa and in France During 3-5 September 2007, scholars associated with University of Wit- watersrand’s Department of Anthropology and key members of the Johan- nesburg-based Institute of French Studies in South Africa explored ways to engage South African and French scholars in forms of cooperation.
    keywords: africa; france; islam; muslim; south; university
       cache: ajiss-1507.pdf
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        item: #427 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1508
      author: Ali, Jan
       title: Muslim Citizens in the West: Promoting Social Inclusion
        date: 2008.0
       words: 984
      flesch: 33
     summary: William Maley (Australian National University, Australia) led off the third panel with an analysis of the various approaches used by Australia to deal with Muslim militancy and combat strategies. Amin Saikal (Australian National University, Australia) made the con- cluding remarks and highlighted the usefulness of international symposiums like the Fulbright both to academics as well as to the general community.
    keywords: australia; panel; social; university
       cache: ajiss-1508.pdf
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        item: #428 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1509
      author: Cutting, Christopher
       title: Cosmopolitan Islamic Identity and Thought
        date: 2008.0
       words: 1712
      flesch: 24
     summary: Usamah Ansari (York University) delivered “Lucknow Ki Sar-Zameen (Lucknow from Head to Toe): Performative Citations that Produce ‘Muslim- ness’ in South Asian Cinema.” Zulfikar Hirji (York University) showed, in “Cosmopolitanism, Islam, and Empire on the Western Indian Ocean: The Case of Sheikh-Sir Mbarak Al-Hinawy (1896-1959),” how Al-Hinawy, governor of East Africa based in Mombasa, was a Muslim cosmopolitan in the way he studied and governed local cul- tural diversity in concert with other Muslim and British scholars.
    keywords: cosmopolitan; islamic; muslim; panel; university; veil
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        item: #429 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1511
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1662
      flesch: 58
     summary: Katherine Bullock Editor and AMSS Vice President iv The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 Editorial In July 2007, the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) launched its new website: www.amss.net.
    keywords: amss; community; dialogue; muslim
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        item: #430 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1512
      author: Hammer, Juliane
       title: The Cultural Roots of American Islamicism: By Timothy Marr (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 309 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1055
      flesch: 30
     summary: His analysis of these references offers a stunning kaleidoscope of American images of the Muslim “other,” but reveals far more about the inner dynamics of American nation-building and cultural self-definition than about Islam or Muslims. Ironically, abolitionist writers used two diverging propositions: lag- ging behind “even” the savage Turks, who had abolished slavery in the 1850s, and simultaneously criticizing American slavery as more inhumane than “Muslim slavery.”
    keywords: american; book; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1512.pdf
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        item: #431 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1513
      author: Hartmann, Noga
       title: Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity By Faisal Devji (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2005. 164 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1073
      flesch: 53
     summary: One has to remember that jihad movements appeared cen- turies before the globalization and anti-globalization movements. Devji’s final assertion (pp. 163-64), that Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri are real revolutionaries, is odd.
    keywords: devji; jihad
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        item: #432 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1514
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: The Just War and Jihad: Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam By R. Joseph Hoffman, ed. (New York: Prometheus Books, 2006. 303 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1117
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the “relative” framework of “empirico-rationalism,” he argues that religious violence is always “immoral,” positing that “life,” as a manifestation of that which “exists,” is worth more than that which does not exist (p. 113). His main proposition is that recent religious violence is largely motivated by ideological competition between secular and religious claims to bases of legitimacy (p. 233).
    keywords: violence; war
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        item: #433 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1515
      author: Katz, Marion H.
       title: Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence By Kecia Ali (Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications, 2006. 217 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1105
      flesch: 37
     summary: Due to the deep structural incom- patibility between classical construals of marriage and sexual ethics and those pursued by contemporary progressive Muslims, Ali cautions against the selective reappropriation of individual elements of classical Islamic law (such as the absence of any legal requirement that wives perform house- work). Its primary objective is to 100 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 engage with the values and aspirations of contemporary American Muslims, although it should also find a broad non-Muslim audience in undergraduate courses and among non-specialist readers.
    keywords: ali; islamic; muslims
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        item: #434 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1516
      author: Rahimieh, Nasrin
       title: Gender Equality in Iranian History: From Pre-Islamic Times to the Present By Minoo Derayeh (Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellon Press, 2006. 242 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 937
      flesch: 36
     summary: Despite set- backs suffered by women in certain sectors and professions, Derayeh finds that Iranian women have kept the patriarchal forces at bay. She ends her analysis by stating that “the continuing struggle of Iranian women to pro- tect their rights and their social, legal, and political status, and their success in achieving access to various fields of education and employment, have made it almost impossible for the present government of Iran to impose upon women a more restrictive fundamentalist Islamic system” (p. 217).
    keywords: derayeh; islamic; women
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        item: #435 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1517
      author: Abboud, Samer
       title: Islam & Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism By Timur Kuran (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2004. 194 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1048
      flesch: 36
     summary: It engages varied debates over Islamic identity and jurisprudence and how they reveal Book Reviews 107 themselves within the context of Islamic economics. In this brilliant contribution, Timur Kuran weaves six chapters into a sound critique of the assumptions and practices of Islamic economics.
    keywords: economics; islamic; kuran
       cache: ajiss-1517.pdf
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        item: #436 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1518
      author: Burke, Jeffrey C.
       title: The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study By Stuart J. Borsch (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 195 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1085
      flesch: 45
     summary: Chapter 6 analyzes the “price and wage ‘scissors’” in medieval Egypt and England. Egypt lost roughly half its total population, taking into account the initial Black Death and subsequent plague outbreaks” (p. 15).
    keywords: chapter; egypt; england
       cache: ajiss-1518.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1518.txt

        item: #437 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1519
      author: Shiblak, Abbas
       title: Palestinians Born in Exile: Diaspora and the Search for a Homeland by Juliane Hammer (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 271 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1029
      flesch: 54
     summary: Juliane Hammer’s new study examines young Palestinian returnees as part of a larger social, historical, political, and cultural framework (p. 114). Indeed, Palestinian identities have developed differ- ently in various host countries.
    keywords: palestinian; return
       cache: ajiss-1519.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1519.txt

        item: #438 of 2426
          id: ajiss-152
      author: Ahsan, Abbas
       title: Quine’s Ontology and the Islamic Tradition
        date: 2019.0
       words: 19470
      flesch: 54
     summary: The exact source of this inconsistency, I shall argue, is grounded in Quine’s ontological theses, which un- derlie much of what metaphysical realism imports into the domain of analytic theology. The exact source of this inconsistency, I shall argue, is grounded in Quine’s ontological theses (outlook) which underlie metaphysical realism.
    keywords: existence; god; islamic; mind; ontological; ontology; philosophy; quine; realism; reality; sense; theology; thesis; tradition; way; world
       cache: ajiss-152.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-152.txt

        item: #439 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1520
      author: Varisco, Daniel Martin
       title: A Modern Pilgrim in Mecca and a Siege in Sanaa: By John Byng Wavell (Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 2005. 349 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1001
      flesch: 67
     summary: It should be noted that the trespassing English pilgrim Arthur Wavell is def- initely not postmodern; his “modern” account of a trip in disguise to Makkah and Madinah was originally published in 1912. For example: the ease of passing off Arabic due to the wide differences in existing Arabic dialects (p. 32), the Turkish love for the gramophone (p. 55), the claim that the entrance to Madinah is more jealously guarded than Makkah itself (p. 77), how Per- sians are perceived in Arabia (p. 89), the travails of a camel caravan (pp.
    keywords: makkah; wavell
       cache: ajiss-1520.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1520.txt

        item: #440 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1521
      author: Holtzman, Livnat
       title: Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians by F. E. Peters (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. 285 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1093
      flesch: 54
     summary: I found the chapters on the parallels between the Biblical and Qur’anic theistic con- cepts (chapter 1), Arabia’s pre-Islamic past (chapter 2), and the Makkan and Madinan periods (chapters 3 and 4, respectively) very interesting and well- written. From this respect, any- one teaching introductory courses on Islam might benefit tremendously from Peters’ historical and cultural insights as well as from the didactic method employed here.
    keywords: book; islam; peters
       cache: ajiss-1521.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1521.txt

        item: #441 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1522
      author: Rippin, Andrew
       title: Ideas, Images, and Methods of Portrayal: Insights into Classical Arabic Literature and Islam by Sebastian Günther, ed. (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2005. 468 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1042
      flesch: 44
     summary: Alexei A. Khismatulin looks at al-Ghazzali (d. 1111) and his Persian work The Alchemy of Happiness. Frank Griffel examines al-Ghazzali’s Incoherence of the Philosophers, specifically paying attention to its introductory chapters, in which al-Ghazzali presents his over- all argument for the philosophers’ epistemological failings.
    keywords: ibn; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1522.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1522.txt

        item: #442 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1523
      author: Rührdanz, Karin
       title: The Experience of Islamic Art on the Margins of Islam: By Irene A. Bierman, ed. (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press in association with the Gustav E. von Grunebaum Center for Near Eastern Studies, 2005. 172 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1242
      flesch: 40
     summary: If so, this is not Grabar’s fault, whose inspiring work has con- tributed so much to gaining for Islamic art the place it deserves not only in our perception of Islamic culture, but also in the sphere of world art. The result is a small and very diverse col- lection of experiences that surely does not offer an overview of all responses to Islamic art.
    keywords: art; culture; power; world
       cache: ajiss-1523.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1523.txt

        item: #443 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1524
      author: Ami, Naama Ben
       title: Memories in Translation: A Life between the Lines of Arabic Literature by Denys Johnson-Davies (Cairo and New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2006. 139 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 987
      flesch: 52
     summary: Furthermore, no systematic rules of transcription are used for Arabic names and works of literature. Among the translation difficulties mentioned in the book are choosing what to translate; different dialects inserted into the narrative (dialects differ considerably, sometimes even between neighboring villages), which occa- sionally could only be solved by questioning the original author; typograph- ical errors in the source text, deletions by publishers, and mistakes made by the author (see p. 65); and difficulties in convincing publishers to accept translated works despite worries that the English-speaking public would not show an interest in such works.
    keywords: arabic; book; chapter
       cache: ajiss-1524.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1524.txt

        item: #444 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1525
      author: Aboulnast, Tyseer
       title: The Canadian Muslim Network Tribute to Civil Liberties in Canada: In Honour of Maher Arar and Monia Mazigh: Statement Delivered on behalf of the Canadian Muslim Network by Dr Tyseer Aboulnast, O.ONT, Parliament Hill, Feb 14, 2007
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2255
      flesch: 60
     summary: We must make sure the countries of the world friends and foes alike know that Canada does not trample on the rights and civil liberties of its peo- ple and will not tolerate other countries trampling the rights and civil liberties of Canadians. Today, as we celebrate the hard work of many dedicated Canadians from all walks of life, including several elected officials from all parties, as we celebrate the hope that was restored in all of us by the actions of our court system, as we celebrate the recent responsible act of acknowledgment of the government of the grave miscarriage of justice in the case of Maher Arar ... as we celebrate, we call on our elected officials, over five years after the fateful events of September 11, to lead Canada back to its rightful position as the light unto the nations when it comes to civil liberties, social harmony and equal respect of all its citizens.
    keywords: canada; canadians; liberties; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1525.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1525.txt

        item: #445 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1526
      author: Fernando, Joseph I.
       title: Towards Understanding the Relation between Religions and Cultures in Southeast Asia
        date: 2007.0
       words: 5283
      flesch: 60
     summary: The Significance of Religion Marx wrote in the Introduction to a Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right: “Religion is … the imaginary realization of human being, because human being possesses no true reality; Thus the struggle against religion is indi- rectly the struggle against that world whose aroma is religion … Religion is the opium of the people. Similarly, those living in predominantly Hindu and Muslim areas would voluntarily abstain from eating beef and pork, respectively, as a mark of respect for and identity with the brethren of other religions.
    keywords: asia; cultures; god; human; life; man; modernization; people; religion; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1526.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1526.txt

        item: #446 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1527
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in Southern Africa
        date: 2007.0
       words: 910
      flesch: 39
     summary: and IRCICA, aware of the fact that very little research has been done on Islam in southern Africa, have strongly advocated holding a symposium to bring scholars, researchers, and stakeholders together to share their thoughts on their respective countries and communities. The symposium was held to realize the following goals: (1) to increase our knowledge of Islam’s history and heritage in southern Africa, (2) make the southern African Muslims’ religious and cultural heritage better under- stood by themselves and other communities both at home and abroad, (3) strengthen affinities and cooperation among Muslim and African nations and peoples by producing and disseminating Islamic and cultural knowl- edge, (4) promote better understanding and dialogue among Muslims and members of other faith and cultural communities, (5) offer a forum for the true understanding of Islamic culture in the world, (6) contribute to the New Partnership for Africa’s Development’s (NEPAD) African Millennium Pro- ject and the African Renaissance, and (7) produce authentic resources for fur- ther research and curriculum development.
    keywords: africa; islamic; symposium
       cache: ajiss-1527.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1527.txt

        item: #447 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1528
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Conference on Champa 2007
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1105
      flesch: 45
     summary: Po Dharma (The French Research School of the Far East, France), in his “Notes on the Sociocultural and Economic Problems of the Cham in Central Vietnam,” mentioned other problems: traditional religious and cultural prac- tices have been forbidden, many Cham cannot read the traditional script, Vietnamese law supplanted customary law in 1975, and their spiritual life has not been respected. In his “Migration, Resettlement, and Identity of the Cham Diaspora in Southeast Asia,” Nicholas Weber (The Institut National des Langues and Civilisations Orientales, France) detailed how Cham communities have fared in the disapora.
    keywords: cambodia; cham; champa; language
       cache: ajiss-1528.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1528.txt

        item: #448 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1529
      author: Srour, Soha
       title: Forty Years after the War of June 1967: “Peace comes with pain and strength.” Yitzhak Rabin
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1083
      flesch: 55
     summary: He added that every Arab nation today recognizes Israel’s right to exist and that a 2006 poll in Arab states, and another one con- ducted among Arab Americans and American Jews, showed that an over- whelming majority of Arabs would support agreements with Israel that allowed a two-state solution. Even as the Palestinians and the Arabs opposed Israel’s right to exist, by the end of 148 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 1974 the PLO’s goal was partition.
    keywords: conflict; israel; war
       cache: ajiss-1529.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1529.txt

        item: #449 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1530
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: Editorial
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1164
      flesch: 46
     summary: Bridget Blomfield’s unique “Studying Islam Abroad” covers an impor- tant topic that many of us who teach Islam in the academy often think about: taking students abroad to study Islam at a time when interest in such pro- grams is growing among American students.7 This allows them to acquire lived experiences of Muslim cultures, both positive and negative, while con- fronting their own biases. Shabana Mir discusses American Muslim women and cross-gender interaction on university campuses in the context of examining the nature of pluralism.
    keywords: american; islam; percent; teaching
       cache: ajiss-1530.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1530.txt

        item: #450 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1531
      author: Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Secularism and Spirituality: Seeking Integrated Knowledge and Success in Madrasah Education in Singapore by Noor Aisha Abdul Rahman and Lai Ah Eng, eds. (Singapore: Institute of Policy Studies & Marshall Cavendish Academic, 2006. 191 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1067
      flesch: 59
     summary: After the introduction by Noor Aishah and Lai Ah Eng, Chee Min Fui focuses on the historical evolution of madrasah education (chapter 1) and Mukhlis Abu Bakar highlights the ten- sion between the state’s interest and the citizens’ right to an Islamic education (chapter 2). During this period, the Council for the Development of the Singapore Muslim Community emerged to help revive madrasah education.
    keywords: chapter; education; madrasah
       cache: ajiss-1531.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1531.txt

        item: #451 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1532
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia: A Contemporary Source Book by Greg Fealy and Virginia Hooker, eds. (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies, 2006. 596 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1098
      flesch: 45
     summary: Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia is partly the outcome of a trend in the scholarship on Southeast Asian Islam that has gained momentum from the mid-1980s onwards: namely, a corrective of the tendency to regard Islam as a “thin veneer” (as the Dutch historian van Leur had described it) over much older and supposedly more profound cultural deposits from the Indian sub- continent. Voices of Islam in Southeast Asia: A Contemporary Source Book Greg Fealy and Virginia Hooker, eds.
    keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1532.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1532.txt

        item: #452 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1533
      author: Dressler, Markus
       title: Sufism in the West: By Jamal Malik and John Hinnells, eds. (New York: Routledge, 2006. 207 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1076
      flesch: 38
     summary: This edited volume, along with David Westerlund’s edited Sufism in Europe and North America (RoutledgeCurzon: 2004), are pioneering works, since the systematic study of this topic is still in its infancy. Jamal Malik’s introduction surveys Islamic mysticism and the “major themes of diasporic Sufism” (pp. 20-25).
    keywords: muslim; sufism; west
       cache: ajiss-1533.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1533.txt

        item: #453 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1534
      author: Starrett, Gregory
       title: Managing Egypt’s Poor and the Politics of Benevolence, 1800-1952: By Mine Ener (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003. 195 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1030
      flesch: 40
     summary: The increased demand for government poor relief was met with increas- ingly stringent eligibility requirements (although that demand itself was at least partially the result of the government’s military conscription policies, which deprived families of their breadwinners and sometimes thrust them into poverty). Ener focuses largely on Egypt’s four state-sponsored institutions for poor relief nationwide: the Maristan Qalawun, founded in 1284; Takiyyat Tulun, within the historic mosque of Ibn Tulun; the Qishlah al-Sadaqah; 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:3 and Takiyyat Qabbari.
    keywords: egypt; social
       cache: ajiss-1534.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1534.txt

        item: #454 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1535
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: The Cham Rebellion: Survivors’ Stories from the Villages by Ysa Osman (Cambodia: The Documenter Center of Cambodia, 2006. 184 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1026
      flesch: 61
     summary: The following day, when a Khmer Rouge cadre came to collect the Qur’ans for burning and to lead forty religious leaders and elders away, both of which the villagers refused to allow, they mobilized themselves on the assumption that they would die sooner or later anyways. The village was reportedly burned to the ground, renamed, and became the site of a Khmer Rouge security office.
    keywords: cham; khmer; rouge
       cache: ajiss-1535.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1535.txt

        item: #455 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1536
      author: Lawson, Todd
       title: The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry by Omid Safi (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. 293 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 854
      flesch: 46
     summary: With a beautiful, exemplary scholarly style, Omid Safi treats the reader to a deep sounding of accounts of the frequently mar- ginalized players and problems of Islamicate intellectual, religious, political, 128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:3 and social history. Todd Lawson Associate Professor of Islamic Thought Department of Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada 130 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:3
    keywords: book; chapter; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1536.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1536.txt

        item: #456 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1537
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: The Formation of the Classical Tafsir Tradition: The Qur’an Commentary of al-Tha`labi (d. 427/1035) by Walid Saleh (Leiden: Brill, 2004. 267 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 900
      flesch: 48
     summary: Saleh would like to argue that al-Tha`labi represents the “intellec- tual victory” of Sunnism during a period when it was “weak but most cul- turally open”; Sufi exegesis was co-opted some time before al-Ghazzali, Shi`ism through the incorporation of philo-`Alid material, and rationalism “dethroned by proclaiming the salvific power of belonging to the Muslim community.” The Formation of the Classical Tafsir Tradition: The Qur’an Commentary of al-Tha`labi (d. 427/1035) Walid Saleh Leiden: Brill, 2004.
    keywords: exegesis; tha`labi
       cache: ajiss-1537.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1537.txt

        item: #457 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1538
      author: Abbas, Tahir
       title: Teaching the Study of Muslim Minorities in Higher Education in the United Kingdom
        date: 2007.0
       words: 3222
      flesch: 50
     summary: His latest book, British Islam: the Road to Radicalism, is due out in the spring of 2008. Teaching the Study of Muslim Minorities in Higher Education in the United Kingdom Tahir Abbas Introduction In this paper, I reflect on my experiences of teaching sociology of Islam at an elite British university: the University of Birmingham.
    keywords: abbas; britain; british; islam; minorities; muslim; students; study
       cache: ajiss-1538.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1538.txt

        item: #458 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1539
      author: Wheeler, Brannon
       title: The United States Naval Academy’s Center for Middle East and Islamic Studies
        date: 2007.0
       words: 3796
      flesch: 40
     summary: CMEIS also sponsors a yearly Brown-bag Study Group that attracts both civilian and military faculty and staff members from all parts of the Naval Academy. Wheeler: The United States Naval Academy 141 On the international level, CMEIS acts as a liaison between the Naval Academy and foreign navies and other military and civilian educational institutions in the Middle East and Asia.
    keywords: academy; cmeis; east; faculty; islamic; members; middle; middle east; naval; studies
       cache: ajiss-1539.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1539.txt

        item: #459 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1540
      author: Talmon-Heller, Daniella
       title: Teaching Islam in Israeli Institutions of Higher Education
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2644
      flesch: 46
     summary: Yehoshua Frenkel (Haifa University) thrashed out the obstacles instruc- tors face when teaching about Islam to Muslim students whose worldviews are shaped by popular preachers and media images. But only a very small number of Muslim students felt that their Jewish classmates were disrespectful toward Islam.
    keywords: course; islam; islamic; muslim; students; teaching; university
       cache: ajiss-1540.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1540.txt

        item: #460 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1541
      author: Failinger, Marie A.
       title: Religious Americans and Political Choices
        date: 2007.0
       words: 968
      flesch: 36
     summary: Finally, Howard Zehr (co-director and professor, Center for Justice and Peacebuilding, Eastern Mennonite University), Howard J. Vogel (professor of law, Hamline University), and Thomas W. Porter, Jr., (executive director, Just Peace Center for Mediation and Conflict Transformation), analyzed the prospects for religious people to find common ground around the restorative justice movement. He called for religious Christians to identify the “moral blind spots of our age” and demand that political leaders recognize the equal worth of every human being, both at home and abroad.
    keywords: law; professor; university
       cache: ajiss-1541.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1541.txt

        item: #461 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1542
      author: Ahmad, Junaid S.
       title: Islamic Law, Gender, and Politics: Theory, Doctrine, and Practice
        date: 2007.0
       words: 983
      flesch: 42
     summary: The National Muslim Law Students Association (NMLSA), in conjunction with the WCL’s Islamic Legal Forum, proposed a conference that would look at the intersection of classical and modern conceptions of Islamic law, discourses around gender and Islam, and the larger political questions that often frame these issues. Mohammad Fadel (faculty member, School of Law, Toronto University) opened the first panel, “Islamic Law: An Introduction and Critical Issues,” by presenting the basics of Islamic law.
    keywords: islamic; law; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1542.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1542.txt

        item: #462 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1543
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: African Muslim Leaders and Turkey’s Diyanat
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1430
      flesch: 45
     summary: Bakary expounded upon the unprecedented overtures made by a secular state, such as Turkey, to African religious leaders. African Muslim Leaders and Turkey’s Diyanat Turkish-African relations began with the formation of the Ottoman Empire.
    keywords: african; communities; muslim; turkey
       cache: ajiss-1543.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1543.txt

        item: #463 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1546
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2285
      flesch: 50
     summary: And since the resentment is often cast in racist, anti-immigrant, and anti-Muslim terms, it is returned in kind by those toward whom it is directed. Witness radio host Dennis Prager’s fear that Keith Ellison, the United States’ first Muslim congressman, would somehow undermine American civilization by swearing on the Qur’an in a private ceremony after the official swearing-in ceremony.4 But if the notion was more that each one of us, the multi-nations, could live together in mutual respect and harmony without imposing our ways of life on each other, and through this experience could support a single nation, then I think we would sap a lot of the West’s rising anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sen- timent.
    keywords: christmas; holiday; islamic; muslim; society; tree
       cache: ajiss-1546.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1546.txt

        item: #464 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1547
      author: Tatari, Eren
       title: Islamic Social and Political Movements in Turkey
        date: 2007.0
       words: 5033
      flesch: 41
     summary: Contextualism, Deprivation Theory, and State-Centered Approaches Contextualism, which emerged as a reaction to essentialist scholarship, emphasizes the “contingencies in the study of Islamic social movements and rules out the irreversibility and teleology of modernization theory and the concomitant essentialization of Islam.”9 Thus, in order to understand Islamic political identity, a hermeneutical approach that focuses on human agency and its constant interaction with the social structure is used.
    keywords: approach; identity; islamic; ispms; literature; modern; movements; social; state; turkey
       cache: ajiss-1547.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1547.txt

        item: #465 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1548
      author: Salaita, Steven
       title: The Arab Americans: A History by Gregory Orfalea (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2006. 500 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 966
      flesch: 43
     summary: Subsequent chapters explore a number of sociocultural and political issues of interest to the Arab-American community, including the politics of the Arab world, activism (historical and contemporary) in Arab America, the relationship between Arab Americans and the American government at both the local and federal levels, religious traditions in Arab America, and the instability and diversity of Arab-American identity. Other strengths include Orfalea’s personal knowledge of many of the issues and histories he examines, his humanization through engaging profiles of individuals sub- sisting within a widely stereotyped community, and his condemnation of draconian legislation targeted at Arab Americans and rationalized by an Arab presence in the United States.
    keywords: americans; arab; book
       cache: ajiss-1548.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1548.txt

        item: #466 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1549
      author: Lukens-Bull, Ronald
       title: The Muslims of Thailand: By Michel Gilquin (tr. Michael Smithies) (Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 2005. 184 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 925
      flesch: 62
     summary: Personally, I would have preferred a more detailed analysis of the everyday lives of Thai Muslims. Linguistically, this demonstrates a fundamental difficulty: While the term Thai Muslim is commonly used, the logic described above suggests a neces- sary divide between being Thai and being Muslim.
    keywords: muslims; thailand
       cache: ajiss-1549.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1549.txt

        item: #467 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1550
      author: Blomfield, Bridget
       title: An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi`i Lebanon by Lara Deeb (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 263 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1000
      flesch: 47
     summary: These women, having steadfastly studied their religion, locate themselves as pious women who can construct and define themselves in the modern world without succumbing to the pressures of western standards of modernity. For them, progress and modernity are not about materialism but about social welfare, where women are active agents in ending oppression and injustice through their centers that offer education and support.
    keywords: deeb; islam; women
       cache: ajiss-1550.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1550.txt

        item: #468 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1551
      author: Terc, Mandy
       title: Citizens Abroad: Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa by Laurie A. Brand (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 246 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1005
      flesch: 43
     summary: Her other theoretical contribution is to challenge and deconstruct simplistic and outdated conceptions of state sovereignty. In addition to its strong contribu- tion to the theoretical literature on emigration and state sovereignty, this book is an excellent reference source for scholars of the four countries selected as case studies.
    keywords: emigration; sovereignty; state
       cache: ajiss-1551.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1551.txt

        item: #469 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1552
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: Islam in Southeast Asia: Political, Social, and Strategic Challenges for the 21st Century by K. S. Nathan and Mohammad Hashim Kamali, eds. (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005. 362 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1055
      flesch: 40
     summary: The second part examines the complex topics of politics, governance, civil society, and gender in Southeast Asian Islam. Shad Saleem Faruqi, who discusses the Malaysian constitution and implementation of Islamic laws, remarks that Malaysia, with its commendable record of multicultural rela- tions, has a hybrid legal system, one that is neither totally Islamic nor secu- lar.
    keywords: asia; islam; muslim; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1552.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1552.txt

        item: #470 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1553
      author: Haque, Muhammad M.
       title: Islam and the Abolition of Slavery: By William Gervase Clarence-Smith (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 293 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1118
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, in most cases, Islamic scholars systematically maneuvered the environment in their favor. This book delves into Islam and its connection with slavery in historical and etiological terms by presenting the synthesis in an almost axiomatic manner that “slavery has always been a part and parcel of the basic core and a central tenet of Islam.”
    keywords: chapter; islamic; slavery
       cache: ajiss-1553.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1553.txt

        item: #471 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1554
      author: Blumi, Isa
       title: Powers of the Secular Modern: Talal Asad and His Interlocutors by David Scott and Charles Hirschkind, eds. (Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press, 2006. 355 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1016
      flesch: 34
     summary: Powers of the Secular Modern: Talal Asad and His Interlocutors David Scott and Charles Hirschkind, eds. For more than three decades, anthropologist Talal Asad has challenged the governing assumptions of western “knowledge” of the non-western world.
    keywords: asad; book; religion
       cache: ajiss-1554.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1554.txt

        item: #472 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1555
      author: Jérôme, Alexandra Izabela
       title: I, Nadia, Wife of a Terrorist : By Baya Gacemi (trs. Paul Cote and Constantina Mitchell) (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006. 160 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 993
      flesch: 58
     summary: Her husband’s position forces Nadia, along with other women in simi- lar positions, to seek out GIA safe houses where she can stay and be pro- tected until the cloud of suspicion has passed. At this moment, Nadia begins to realize that Ahmed has not married her as a wife, but as a GIA (from French Groupe Islamique Armé) investment.
    keywords: gia; nadia; story
       cache: ajiss-1555.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1555.txt

        item: #473 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1556
      author: Khan, Mohamad
       title: Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures: By Richard M. Foltz (Oxford: One World, 2006. 192 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1122
      flesch: 41
     summary: In his peculiarly self-abasing preface to Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures, Richard Foltz speculates that the audience for his book will probably consist of “non-Muslims who are sympathetic to Muslim cul- ture and interested in learning more about what it has to offer in terms of animal rights” (p. xii). The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:2 That being the case, Animals in Islamic Tradition does seem to have, if not a thesis, then at least a slant: it is clearly concerned with championing ani- mal rights and identifying the sources from which an Islamic emphasis on animal rights, an Islamic vegetarianism, and the like might justify them- selves.
    keywords: animal; book; chapter; rights
       cache: ajiss-1556.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1556.txt

        item: #474 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1557
      author: Barlas, Asma
       title: Un-reading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an: Beyond the Binaries of Tradition and Modernity
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2816
      flesch: 52
     summary: Forum Un-reading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an: Beyond the Binaries of Tradition and Modernity Asma Barlas I would like to thank AMSS, and specially Jamin Zine, for inviting me to address your conference on “Islam: Tradition and Modernity” today. I believe that Muslims can contribute to building such solidarities by envisaging an Islam beyond tradition and modernity, East and West, Self and Other, in order to embrace the inclusive vision inherent in the Qur’an’s teachings that at the heart of all creation is diversity, and that the function of diversity is, ultimately, to allow us all to “know one another.” Endnotes 1.
    keywords: god; islam; modernity; qur’an; tradition
       cache: ajiss-1557.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1557.txt

        item: #475 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1558
      author: Hussain, Kaleem
       title: The Coalition against the “War on Terror” in Light of International Politics, Law, and Protecting Human Welfare
        date: 2007.0
       words: 4947
      flesch: 46
     summary: Concluding Remarks There is a unanimous opinion that 9/11 was a rude awakening not just for the United States in terms of the attack, but for many states and supra- national blocs around the world to reassess state, interstate, and what I would call “intrastate transnational security” to prevent similar horrific terrorist acts from occurring again. But in terms of their relevance for an all-inclusive recognition, many states are not signatories to it and there are limited sanctions for non-enforcement.
    keywords: american; coalition; international; law; society; states; terror; terrorism; united; war; world
       cache: ajiss-1558.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1558.txt

        item: #476 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1559
      author: Helps, Lisa
       title: Muslims in Western Societies
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2816
      flesch: 52
     summary: Forum Un-reading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an: Beyond the Binaries of Tradition and Modernity Asma Barlas I would like to thank AMSS, and specially Jamin Zine, for inviting me to address your conference on “Islam: Tradition and Modernity” today. I believe that Muslims can contribute to building such solidarities by envisaging an Islam beyond tradition and modernity, East and West, Self and Other, in order to embrace the inclusive vision inherent in the Qur’an’s teachings that at the heart of all creation is diversity, and that the function of diversity is, ultimately, to allow us all to “know one another.” Endnotes 1.
    keywords: god; islam; modernity; qur’an; tradition
       cache: ajiss-1559.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1559.txt

        item: #477 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1560
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: US Government and American Muslims Engage to Define Islamophobia
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1100
      flesch: 43
     summary: While this was the first such conference on Islamophobia, more inter- action between the two parties will be needed to help define the term and reach a common understanding about the extent of anti-Muslim prejudice in this country and how Washington and the community can address it jointly. While American Muslim leaders and participants argued that Islamophobia was not only a reality but also a rapidly growing phenomenon in the United States, the government’s position was that while there have been increased incidences of anti-Muslim episodes in the coun- try, the word Islamophobia deepens the divide between the two sides.
    keywords: american; islamophobia; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1560.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1560.txt

        item: #478 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1562
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2633
      flesch: 72
     summary: Since I invented Editorial iii this barbette and have taken the veil as a nun in the Fontevraud Abbey, I am incensed with this up-start trying to tell me what is and is not properly Bri- tish, and moreover that he thinks he can tell me how I should dress!” Olivia again turns to Cesario bewildered: “O Cesario, Italy, the land of the Virgin Mary, is opposed to the veil?? Cesario finishes his summary: “Finally, the ‘Forum’ section seems to contain two very interesting pieces: a collection of speeches given at the launch of a book entitled Islam and Global Dialogue, which states that it is imperative for people of all faiths to come to a common understanding in order to avoid the supposed ‘clash of civilisations’ prognostications, and an exchange between a translator and the one who reviewed his translation for this journal.” Olivia: “O Cesario, let us buy this little green journal.
    keywords: article; cesario; eleanor; olivia; straw; veil
       cache: ajiss-1562.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1562.txt

        item: #479 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1563
      author: Abboud, Samer
       title: Legitimizing Modernity in Islam: Muslim Modus Vivendi and Western Modernity by Husain Kassim (Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2005, 176 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1058
      flesch: 35
     summary: Unlike previous chapters, in which he makes the case for the compatibility of concepts, here he asserts the need to adapt Islamic law and the current conditions of Islamic communities to the project of modernity and its universal values. Here, Kassim attacks both those who claim that Islamic law does not offer sufficient human rights and those who believe that the very notion of human rights is a western concept that is inapplicable to the non-western world.
    keywords: islamic; kassim; modernity
       cache: ajiss-1563.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1563.txt

        item: #480 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1564
      author: Fadel, Mohammad
       title: Islamic Law and the Challenge of Modernity: By Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Barbara Freyer Stowasser, eds. (Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2004. 264 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1177
      flesch: 41
     summary: This book includes eight articles on various aspects of Islamic law in the modern world, as well as an introduction by the two editors. Wael Hallaq’s article is the most provocative, for he suggests that because the traditional socioeconomic infrastructure that supported the Shari`ah as a social institution in the pre-modern world has vanished in the face of the centralized state, the Shari`ah cannot be restored without revolu- tionary institutional changes in the Arab state that would, at a minimum, give religious scholars the institutional independence to formulate a legiti- mate vision of Islamic law.
    keywords: egypt; islamic; law
       cache: ajiss-1564.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1564.txt

        item: #481 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1565
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia: Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern `Ulama’ in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by Ayzumardi Azra (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2004. 254 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1166
      flesch: 48
     summary: This scholar rose rapidly to the position of the Sultanate of Aceh’s shaykh al-Islam and launched his cam- paign for Islamic renewal to correct what he considered to be misunder- standings of Sufi doctrines, such as notions of wujudiyah as propagated by some local scholars. 102 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:1 In chapter 4, Azra notes that al-Sinkili studied with a number of schol- ars in Qatar, Yemen, Jeddah, Makkah, and Madinah.
    keywords: islamic
       cache: ajiss-1565.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1565.txt

        item: #482 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1566
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Stereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish Society by Daniel Bar-Tal and Yona Teichman (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 502 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1182
      flesch: 28
     summary: From a strong opening chapter, the authors negotiate through twelve chapters adeptly, the most notable of which include chapter 4, “Represen- tation of Arabs in Public Discourse”; chapter 5, “Representation of Arabs in School Textbooks”; and chapter 10, “Studies with Schoolchildren, Adoles- cents, and Young Adults.” Introducing the concept of the “psychological intergroup repertoire,” a theme that is explored throughout the book, chapter 1, “The Psychological Basis of International Relations,” addresses the special influence that stereo- types and prejudice bring to bear on psychological functioning.
    keywords: arabs; chapter; conflict; stereotypes
       cache: ajiss-1566.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1566.txt

        item: #483 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1568
      author: Burke, Jeffrey C.
       title: Creating the New Egyptian Woman: Consumerism, Education, and National Identity, 1863-1922 by Mona L. Russell (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004. 237 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1006
      flesch: 41
     summary: Russell places the disparate views of Egyptian women in the con- text of growing consumerism and educational opportunities in the late nine- teenth and early twentieth centuries. For example, Christine Sproul’s unpublished dissertation “The American College for Girls, Cairo, Egypt: Its History and Influence on Egyptian Women: A Study of Selected Graduates” (University of Utah: 1982), is not mentioned in the author’s research.
    keywords: education; women
       cache: ajiss-1568.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1568.txt

        item: #484 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1570
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: Indonesian Islam: Social Change through Contemporary Fatawa by M. B. Hooker (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2003. 310 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1157
      flesch: 29
     summary: The strength of this book lies in its detailed exposition of a broad range of Indonesian fatawa and the underlying methods of reasoning, along with its provocative assessment of state intrusion into religious life. This book consists of an introduction, five chapters, and an epilogue and appendix of Indonesian fatawa sources.
    keywords: fatawa; indonesian; islam; state
       cache: ajiss-1570.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1570.txt

        item: #485 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1571
      author: Launay, Robert
       title: Religion and African Civil Wars: By Niels Kastfelt, ed. (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005. 203 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 991
      flesch: 38
     summary: For example, René Devisch’s paper on Kinshasa is not really about civil war, but rather about the effects of the collapse of state authority and the formal economy, both of which unleashed rampant vio- lence in the city but also led to the emergence of independent Christian heal- ing communes as a sort of refuge. 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:1 Conversely, Paul Richards’paper on Sierra Leone’s RUF (Revolutionary United Front) as a millennarian sect, while clearly about civil war, is only about “religion” if one defines the term so broadly that it loses all analytical specificity.
    keywords: papers; religion; war
       cache: ajiss-1571.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1571.txt

        item: #486 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1572
      author: Yom, Sean L.
       title: Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization by Robert W. Hefner, ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 358 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1211
      flesch: 37
     summary: This eclectic collection fills this gap, bringing together twelve authors who demonstrate the rise of new Islamic voices promoting civic plu- ralism within the boundaries of religious tradition. In laying out a sweeping map of these battles, the volume per- forms a necessary service to general scholars of Islamic politics.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; pluralism; state
       cache: ajiss-1572.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1572.txt

        item: #487 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1573
      author: Nguyen, Martin
       title: Interpreting the Qur’an: Towards a Contemporary Approach by Abdullah Saeed (London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 192 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1127
      flesch: 45
     summary: Over the course of twelve chapters, Saeed embarks upon an attempt to reevaluate and redefine how the Qur’an is understood. What Saeed adds to this is a stress on revelation’s socio-historical context: The Qur’an’s ethico-legal dimension unfolded in the context of a prophetic personality and his community.
    keywords: interpretation; qur’an; saeed
       cache: ajiss-1573.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1573.txt

        item: #488 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1574
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace by Roger Boase, ed. (Ashgate: Hants, 2005)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 908
      flesch: 52
     summary: Part Three, “Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Responses to Religious Diversity,” features two Jewish, two Chris- tian, and four Muslim responses exploring what it means to be committed adherents to their own faith tradition while seeking to respect those of other faith traditions or how, in the words of Anglican vicar Marcus Braybrooke, to “learn to see members of other faiths as fellow pilgrims” while remaining a “witness to one’s experience of divine mercy (p. 225).” Part One, “Defining the Issue,” has articles from three scholars who try to set the terms of the discourse: John Bowden talks about the Enlighten- 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:1 ment’s ever-present backdrop and how its rational and critical approach to religion has affected and engendered a modern need for religious dialogue.
    keywords: book; islam
       cache: ajiss-1574.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1574.txt

        item: #489 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1575
      author: Sadeki, Behnam
       title: An Introduction to the Science of the Hadith: Kitab Ma`rifat Anwa` `Ilm al-Hadith by Ibn al-Salah al-Shahrazuri (Eerik Dickinson, tr.) (Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 2005. 356 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 993
      flesch: 58
     summary: The first step toward understanding traditional hadith scholarship is to know its terminology. Ibn al-Salah’s book can help correct certain modern misunderstandings about the nature of traditional hadith scholarship and the technical meanings of such basic terms as sahih, da`if, munkar, and tadlis.
    keywords: hadith; sahih
       cache: ajiss-1575.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1575.txt

        item: #490 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1576
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Muslims and Christians Debate Justice and Love: by David L. Johnston
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1113
      flesch: 57
     summary: Initially misled by the title, I was expecting the book to be a qualitative study based on interviews with Muslims and Christians debating justice and love. We should commend Johnston on bringing together scholarship on these two virtues (justice and love) into a single volume.
    keywords: chapter; justice; love
       cache: ajiss-1576.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1576.txt

        item: #491 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1577
      author: Qureshi, Jawad
       title: The Development of Early Sunnite Hadith Criticism: The Taqdima of Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi (240/854-327/938) by Eerik Dickinson (Leiden, Brill, 2001. 146 pages.)
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1007
      flesch: 56
     summary: The author’s The Develop- ment of Early Sunnite Hadith Criticism: The Taqdima of Ibn Abi Hatim al- Razi (240/854-327/938) proposes to fill in some of those gaps. Chapter 1, “Hadith in the Time of Ibn Abi Hatim,” provides the setting for Ibn Abi Hatim’s career.
    keywords: hadith; hatim; ibn
       cache: ajiss-1577.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1577.txt

        item: #492 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1578
      author: Rosser-Owen, Daoud
       title: Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace
        date: 2007.0
       words: 6644
      flesch: 66
     summary: These are a remarkable willingness on the part of religious people to work out a means of living together, but against a backdrop of diminishing popular religious belief and practice of a sort that the Great Names of the three Abrahamic Faiths would not recognise as deriving from their Teaching. For it seems to me that if religion, or religious people, are to have a role in promoting world peace it has to be through influencing politicians and the leaders and formers of opinion – which would include the “Media” – at least to tell the truth, and not to lie, most of the time.
    keywords: book; dialogue; faiths; god; islam; islamic; need; people; religion; social; way; world
       cache: ajiss-1578.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1578.txt

        item: #493 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1579
      author: Faghfoory, Mohammed; Tourage, Mahi
       title: A Dialogue
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1647
      flesch: 54
     summary: To this, one must add prominent women like Sayyidah Nafisah (the daughter of Imam Hasan) and Sayyidah `A’ishah (the daughter of Imam Sadiq), whose mastery of exoteric and esoteric knowledge have been acknowledged by Sufi masters like Ibn `Ata’llah Iskandarani and many others. The fact that Tabatba’i did not mention the names of female Shi`i scholars and masters of esoteric sciences is perhaps just an accident.
    keywords: book; man; women
       cache: ajiss-1579.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1579.txt

        item: #494 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1581
      author: Sein, Layla
       title: Muslim Identities: Shifting Boundaries and Dialogues
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1233
      flesch: 36
     summary: Zainab Alwani (International Islamic University Malaysia) presented the main factors that contribute to the shortcomings experienced in the aca- demic development of Middle Eastern studies programs in American uni- versities: opposition to Islam in the Christian West, the Crusades, and the Spanish Inquisition. Norbani Binit Ismail (International Islamic University, Malaysia) compared the translations of Surah Maryam by five British Orientalists to those pro- duced by profound Muslim scholars.
    keywords: american; canada; islamic; muslim; panel; university
       cache: ajiss-1581.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1581.txt

        item: #495 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1582
      author: Srour, Soha
       title: The Israeli Lobby and the U.S. Response to the War in Lebanon
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1497
      flesch: 50
     summary: When Hezbollah killed three Israeli soldiers and captured two more near the Israel-Lebanon border on 12 July 2006, Israel responded by bombing Lebanon and Hezbollah responded by firing rockets into northern Israel. He asserted that Israel is the main bone of contention with other Middle Eastern nations, that President Bush opposes Iran’s nuclear ambition because it threatens Israel, and that the United States’unconditional support for Israel makes winning the war on terror harder.
    keywords: american; israel; lobby; war
       cache: ajiss-1582.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1582.txt

        item: #496 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1583
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2006.0
       words: 2619
      flesch: 54
     summary: There was also the usual skepticism and claims of anti-Muslim discrim- ination from some Muslims. Muslim community leaders recalled seeing him talking to and befriending these youths outside their mosques.
    keywords: csis; islam; muslim; rcmp; terror; toronto; war
       cache: ajiss-1583.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1583.txt

        item: #497 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1584
      author: Johnston, David
       title: Contours of an Islamo-Christian Civilization
        date: 2006.0
       words: 3533
      flesch: 46
     summary: He rests his case by monitoring the fre- quency of religious names in specific periods of time (see his appendix on “Quantitative Onomastics”), because these illustrate parents’ common atti- tudes about future trends. Having just emphasized this deeply ingrained reflex of Muslim populations to turn to religious leaders in times of crisis, Bulliet, paradoxically, argues that secular turning points profoundly dilute people’s religious fervor.
    keywords: bulliet; chapter; christian; civilization; europe; islam; muslim; power; west
       cache: ajiss-1584.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1584.txt

        item: #498 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1585
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Formations of the Secular: By Talal Asad (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. 269 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1145
      flesch: 43
     summary: His purpose here is to counter the impression that secular political practices sim- ulate religious ones by arguing that the sacred and the secular depend upon each other, rather than one coming after the other (p. 26). According to the author, secularism is more than a mere separation of religious from secular institutions of government, for it presupposes new concepts of religion, ethics, and politics; as well as the new imperatives associated with them, and is closely linked to the emergence of the mod- ern nation-state (pp. 1-2).
    keywords: secular; secularism
       cache: ajiss-1585.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1585.txt

        item: #499 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1586
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Stolen Youth: The Politics of Israel’s Detention of Palestinian Children by Catherine Cook, Adam Hanieh, and Adah Kay (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, in association with Defence for Children International: Palestine Section, 2004. 197 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1182
      flesch: 52
     summary: The subject of child detention is fraught with complexities of both a legal and an emotional nature, particularly when placed in the context of conflict. For many children, the nightmare begins before they even enter the courtroom.
    keywords: child; children; court
       cache: ajiss-1586.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1586.txt

        item: #500 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1587
      author: Varisco, Daniel Martin
       title: Islam, Memory, and Morality in Yemen: Ruling Families in Transition by Gabriele vom Bruck (New York: Palgrave, 2005. 348 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1214
      flesch: 54
     summary: For example, a paragraph (p. 37) on the first Yemeni Zaydi imam, Yahya ibn al-Husayn, cites four English references and ignores a valuable printed Arabic biography (`Ali ibn Muhammad ibn `Abid al-`Abbasi al-`Alawi, Sirat al-Hadi ila al-Haqq Yahya ibn al-Husayn Book Reviews 117 The author’s stated goal is “to examine the relationship of experience, social practice, and moral reasoning among the hereditary elite in the context of revolutionary change” (p. 5).
    keywords: sadah; social; yemen
       cache: ajiss-1587.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1587.txt

        item: #501 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1588
      author: Dressler, Markus
       title: The Kemalists: Islamic Revival and the Fate of Secular Turkey by Muammer Kaylan (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2005. 482 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1389
      flesch: 43
     summary: In Kaylan’s view, this was temporarily halted by Atatürk, whose radical secularization and modernization politics following the Turkish War of Independence (1919-22) represent the apex of Turkish modernity. At the center of his narrative, however, is Turkish politics.
    keywords: book; islamic; kaylan; turkish
       cache: ajiss-1588.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1588.txt

        item: #502 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1589
      author: Abraham, Jose
       title: Telling Lives in India: Biography, Autobiography, and Life History by David Arnold and Stuart Blackburn, eds. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004. 323 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1109
      flesch: 40
     summary: Telling Lives in India: Biography, Autobiography, and Life History is edited by David Arnold (professor of South Asian history) and Stuart Blackburn (research associate), both of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London. The intellectual contributions of the editors and nine other distinguished scholars, all of whom belong to a range of academic disci- plines, make this collection of eleven essays a remarkable and highly read- able work on life histories – biographies, autobiographies, and oral accounts – from India.
    keywords: essays; histories; history; life
       cache: ajiss-1589.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1589.txt

        item: #503 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1590
      author: Hamdan, Amani
       title: Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel, and the Ottoman Harem by Reina Lewis (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004. 297 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1115
      flesch: 39
     summary: She discusses how Ottoman women “conceptualised a specifically Eastern vision of emancipation and engaged in a clear-sighted evaluation of the relative merits of occidental liberation” (p. 97). Throughout the fourth chapter, the author discusses how western women travellers to the Orient represented and eroticized the bodies of Ottoman women.
    keywords: lewis; ottoman; women
       cache: ajiss-1590.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1590.txt

        item: #504 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1591
      author: Aslam, Maleeha
       title: Burned Alive: A Victim of the Laws of Men by Souad (Judith S. Armbruster, tr.) (Great Britain: Bantam Press, 2004. 333 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1137
      flesch: 48
     summary: In real life, the conventional approach of cloistering women does not pre- clude chance cross-gender encounters, as was the case with Souad. While her narration is more per- sonal, Jacqueline (Souad’s rescuer and biographer) reflects on the issue holistically and identifies other countries, among them Jordon, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Yemen, India, Pakistan, and even Israel and Europe, where men con- done similar honor crimes (p. 221).
    keywords: book; souad
       cache: ajiss-1591.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1591.txt

        item: #505 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1592
      author: Mir, Anita
       title: A History of Islamic Philosophy, 3d ed.: By Majid Fakhry (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 430 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1161
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is in the pres- entation of these debates, more than anywhere else, that we see that while A History of Islamic Philosophy is distinguished from the work of many other grand narrative histories by not being marred by a partisan viewpoint, Fakhry’s is by no means a clinically scientific approach. Fakhry’s scholarship is meticulous, and his style, even when handling the most complex ideas, remains simple and straightforward.
    keywords: chapter; fakhry
       cache: ajiss-1592.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1592.txt

        item: #506 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1593
      author: Rippin, Andrew
       title: Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy, and Mysticism in Muslim Thought. Essays in Honour of Hermann Landolt by Todd Lawson, ed. (London and New York: I.B. Taurus Publishers, in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2005. 558 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 863
      flesch: 57
     summary: The “classical” section features such figures as al-Junayd, al-Farabi, Ibn Tufayl, al-Qadi al-Nu`man, al-Kirmani, Abu Hatim al-Razi, and al-Waqidi; the “medieval” takes in al-Ghazzali, al-Suhrawardi, al-Qushayri, al-Shahras- tani, Afdal al-Din Kashani, Jami’, Najm al-Din Kubra, Ibn Sina, and al- Sha`rani; the “pre-modern” includes Shah Tahir, Ahmad Sirhindi, Molla Sadra, and Fayd al-Kashani; and the “modern” section features not so much people as themes, such as dervish orders, Ginans, ulama, tradition, and mod- ernization. Within this new understanding, the Imams’ status became protected by the doctrine of infal- libility (`ismah) rather than esoteric knowledge, and quietism was no longer considered a suspect attitude.
    keywords: knowledge; taqiyya
       cache: ajiss-1593.pdf
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        item: #507 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1594
      author: Schumm, Walter R.
       title: Reflections from the Social Sciences on the Possible Causes of Abusing Muslim Prisoners of War
        date: 2006.0
       words: 5571
      flesch: 49
     summary: A final issue is the ignorance of many in the West of the beliefs and practices of Islam that, since its origins, has disapproved of prisoner abuse. Korea,3 Vietnam,4 and the first Persian Gulf war.5 That fact demands a serious effort to avoid prisoner abuse in present and future conflicts.
    keywords: abuse; american; army; commander; enemy; epw; geneva; military; muslim; prisoners; schumm; treatment; u.s; war
       cache: ajiss-1594.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1594.txt

        item: #508 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1595
      author: Zimmerman, Ashleigh
       title: The First Annual Muslim Peacebuilding, Justice, and Interfaith Dialogue
        date: 2006.0
       words: 951
      flesch: 41
     summary: The presenters pinpointed the Sunni-Shi`ah spilt, differences between converted Muslims and born Muslims, and ideological differences within the American Muslim community. Several themes emerged in the course of this event, among them the fol- lowing: the relationship between Islam and culture, the need for intra-faith 150 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:4 dialogue between Sunnis and Shi`ahs, the need to understand Islam’s inter- nal diversity, recovering Islamic nonviolence from the early tradition, mov- ing toward the sh´ra (consultation) model of community, bringing women’s voices into intra-faith dialogue, identifying the main Sunni and Shi`ah lead- ers for training and dissemination, learning how to “tolerate the intolerant,” and the need for the American Muslim community to engage in dialogue with the larger American society.
    keywords: dialogue; interfaith; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1595.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1595.txt

        item: #509 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1596
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Globalization and Trans-nationalism
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1032
      flesch: 46
     summary: Does globalization mean Westernization and/or Americanization? He sees globalization as a win-win sit- uation, provided that a nation has the necessary “enabling conditions”: a highly educated workforce, the rule of law, and democratic institutions.
    keywords: afghanistan; globalization; nationalism; south
       cache: ajiss-1596.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1596.txt

        item: #510 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1597
      author: Srour, Soha
       title: Should the U.S. Shut Down Gitmo?
        date: 2006.0
       words: 939
      flesch: 53
     summary: Talking about prisoner abuse, he presented “Gitmo’s secret weapon”: the use of religion against the detainees. After making opening remarks on illegal immigrants and terrorism, Mohammad Nimer (research director, CAIR) introduced Chaplain Yee, who had served at Camp Delta from November 2002 to September 2003.
    keywords: fidell; guantanamo; prisoners; yee
       cache: ajiss-1597.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1597.txt

        item: #511 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1598
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Editorial
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1830
      flesch: 50
     summary: Here, we find Muslim communities that seem not to be so entranced by what we in the West consider to be the most pressing issues: the Muslim world vs. the West and/or modernity, the Abrahamic faiths trialogue, politi- cal and economic reform, the suitability of western-style democracy in Muslim countries, and the rise of Islamic “fundamentalism,” “terrorism,” “extremism,” or whatever similar term the media throws at us. One of our articles (Peterson) deals with how Chinese Muslim scholars of the pre-modern era tried to solve this problem.
    keywords: china; chinese; islam; muslim; xinjiang
       cache: ajiss-1598.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1598.txt

        item: #512 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1599
      author: Armijo, Jackie
       title: Chinese Muslims
        date: 2006.0
       words: 2463
      flesch: 47
     summary: ”Albany: SUNY Press, 2000; Maria Jaschok and Shui Jingjun, The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own. The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam is an especially important contribution to the field, because it focuses on both Chinese Mus- lim women and the rare practice of separate mosques for women.
    keywords: china; chinese; islam; islamic; muslims; scholars; women
       cache: ajiss-1599.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1599.txt

        item: #513 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1600
      author: Ali, Muhamad
       title: Perfection Makes Practice: Learning, Emotion, and the Recited Qur’an in Indonesia by Anna M. Gade (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004. 348 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1062
      flesch: 40
     summary: The author concludes that an energetic movement in Qur’anic practices in South Sulawesi motivated the self and others to follow suit: “… the Indonesian movement of Qur’anic revitalization in the 1990s provides mate- rial for reconsidering the idea that dynamism of religious systems may be generated by ‘feeling’” (p. 273), although the power of an “envy of good- ness” should be equally recognized. Anna M. Gade’s Perfection Makes Practice stresses the cultural aspect of Indonesian Muslim practices by analyzing the practices of reciting and memorizing the Qur’an, as well as the annual competition.
    keywords: gade; practice; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-1600.pdf
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        item: #514 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1601
      author: Ali, Muhamad
       title: Jihad in Paradise: Islam and Politics in Southeast Asia by Mike Millard (New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2004. 155 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1278
      flesch: 45
     summary: Jihad in Paradise explores cultural and religious interaction in Singapore and compares this with the intolerant radical Islamism threatening the country and Southeast Asia in general. In his introduction, Millard observes how Singapore and Southeast Asia were generally prosperous and peaceful until the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98, 9/11, and the 2002 Bali bombings.
    keywords: asia; millard; singapore; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1601.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1601.txt

        item: #515 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1602
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Oukoubah: Justice for the Cham Muslims under the Democratic Kampuchea Regime by Ysa Osman (Cambodia: Documentation Center of Cambodia, 2002. 154 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1065
      flesch: 49
     summary: Osman then moves on to how the Khmer Rouge sought to destroy community solidarity: turning Cham against Cham and children against parents, forbidding Islamic and Cham customs in toto, destroying the Qur’an and the keitab (a book explaining the Qur’an), making local leaders “disappear,” splitting up families during forced evacua- tions, and resettling the Cham among ethnic Khmer and Chinese. While the full list of Cham prisoners is provided, due to the Cham penchant for truncating Muslim names and then spelling them phonetically, the reader cannot even ascertain if there were any female Cham prisoners at S-21.
    keywords: cham; khmer; rouge
       cache: ajiss-1602.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1602.txt

        item: #516 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1603
      author: Ma, Haiyun
       title: The Dao of Muhammad: A Cultural History of Muslims in Late Imperial China by Zvi Ben-Dor Benite (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005. 280 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1285
      flesch: 39
     summary: It is hardly convincing that “Chinese Muslim” cul- tural identity was, like other Chinese identities, institutionally shaped during the Qing era (p. 62), and it is even difficult for this reviewer to find a proper Book Reviews 107 translation for “Chinese Muslim” in the Qing context. This insider and outsider understanding of the Muslims’ perception of their religion (as “Dao”), activities (as “learning”), and status (as “literati”) leads the author to refute the dichotomist understanding of Chinese Muslims as either Muslim or Chinese and to conclude that these learned Muslims were as much Chinese as they were Muslim.
    keywords: china; chinese; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1603.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1603.txt

        item: #517 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1604
      author: Ma, Haiyun
       title: The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856-1873 by David G. Atwill (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005. 264 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1141
      flesch: 44
     summary: The fifth and sixth chapters concentrate on Han hostility toward the Hui and documents in detail the massacre of Muslims by Han officials and mili- tia as well as major Hui resistance campaigns: rebellions in Yunnan’s east- ern, southern, and western regions. Administrative differences make sense to both Hui identity debates and Han identity.
    keywords: han; hui; yunnan
       cache: ajiss-1604.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1604.txt

        item: #518 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1605
      author: Gladney, Dru C.
       title: The History of Women’s Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own by Maria Jaschok and Shui Jingjun (London: Routledge & Curzon Press, 2000. 361 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 959
      flesch: 38
     summary: In any case, the work clearly shows that these mosques serve as important social nodes that do much to galvanize nationwide Muslim women organizations in China and thereby contribute to increased Muslim women activism, either in social welfare programs, education, or even new mosque building. The multiple challenges Muslim women in China must negotiate between family, home, mosque, work, public sphere, and the state is best understood by letting China’s Mus- lim women speak for themselves, which this book, through extensive quo- tations, inclusive authorship, and several appendices and glossary, splen- didly accomplishes, as the following quote by a Ms. Yang Yinliang Ahong from the northeastern city of Harbin so vividly demonstrates: Since I was appointed nu ahong [female imam or teacher], I have never wavered from the principle of loving the motherland and our religion.
    keywords: china; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1605.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1605.txt

        item: #519 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1606
      author: Marat, Erica
       title: Lost Voices: Central Asian Women Confronting Transition by Yvonne Corcoran-Nantes (London and New York: Zed Books, 2005. 208 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1125
      flesch: 41
     summary: Corcoran-Nantes explains that while the Soviet regime was empowering Central Asian women by liberating them from traditional religious values and setting quotas in public structures, these radical shifts in daily life inevitably complicated their identities in various social situations. As a result, Central Asian women faced greater problems in shaping their feminist agendas when compared to Russian women.
    keywords: central; corcoran; soviet; women
       cache: ajiss-1606.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1606.txt

        item: #520 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1607
      author: D’Agostino, Melissa
       title: Aversion and Desire: Negotiating Muslim Female Identity in the Diaspora by Shanaz Khan (United Kingdom: Women’s Press, Ltd., 2002. 152 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 910
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this interesting book, Aversion and Desire: Negotiating Muslim Female Identity in the Diaspora, Shanaz Khan challenges us to rethink static and fixed conceptions of Muslim women. She also points out that because 116 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:3 minority identities are fixed, women who happen to be Muslim are often forced to enter social and political spaces as Muslim women.
    keywords: muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1607.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1607.txt

        item: #521 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1608
      author: Jérôme, Alexandra A. E.
       title: The Private World of Ottoman Women: By Godfrey Goodwin (London: Saqi Books, 2006. 261 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 849
      flesch: 50
     summary: It also presents the reader with an understanding, although not overempha- sized, that these were women who lived within the parameters of Islam as both Christian and Muslim women, and who distinctly embodied the ideals of the feminine in Islam. Until this point, accounts of the 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:3 seemingly mundane activities of Ottoman women were limited to travelers’ accounts, gossip, and information that could be discerned through the lattice- work guarding the imperial harem.
    keywords: ottoman; women
       cache: ajiss-1608.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1608.txt

        item: #522 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1609
      author: Curtis, Mieke Maria
       title: Pilgrims of Love: The Anthropology of a Global Sufi Cult by Pnina Werbner (London: Hurst & Co., 2003. 348 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1054
      flesch: 46
     summary: While the commentary on these celebrations in Pakistan evokes familiar themes about the events’ function as a large-scale redistribution of resources and the saint’s miraculous role in feeding the poor, these events take on a significantly different meaning in Britain, where a Muslim minority population organizes public processions. Pnina Werbner’s Pilgrims of Love, a truly exceptional book in several impor- tant ways, is the result of some eleven years of fieldwork in Britain and Pakistan.
    keywords: book; saint; werbner
       cache: ajiss-1609.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1609.txt

        item: #523 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1610
      author: Blumi, Isa
       title: Frontiers and Ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel by James Ron (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 208 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1093
      flesch: 40
     summary: At the heart of this provocative study is a bravely argued claim that pat- terns of state violence vary because of international borders and how states operate within and beyond them. Scholars of state violence, among them sociologists and legal scholars, have insisted upon the existence of certain distinctions that separate those police methods deemed acceptable to the international human rights community from those methods of state brutality considered worthy of condemnation.
    keywords: ron; state; violence
       cache: ajiss-1610.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1610.txt

        item: #524 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1611
      author: Phu, Ba Trung
       title: The Cham Bani of Vietnam
        date: 2006.0
       words: 3297
      flesch: 71
     summary: On special nights called ong troon muk troon (Ramadan 27), some Cham Hindus bring fruits and sweets to the sang mügik to offer to Po Auloah and pray along with Cham Bani acars. Cham Bani tradition holds four days during Ramüvan in high esteem: the first, the fifteenth (full moon), the twentieth, and the thirtieth (the last day).
    keywords: acars; bani; cham; cham bani; islam; mügik; sang
       cache: ajiss-1611.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1611.txt

        item: #525 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1612
      author: Satha-Anand, Chaiwat
       title: A Rumor of Anger: Understanding Muslims’ Voices in the Context of “Pure War”
        date: 2006.0
       words: 4386
      flesch: 57
     summary: I would argue that such anger could be construed by sit- uating the voices in the context of “pure war” constituted by ter- rorism used by different groups in the name of Islam, as well as state violence used in the name of security and order at the expense of rights and democracy. How, then, could such anger be vented among Muslims facing this situation?
    keywords: anger; context; muslims; rumor; southern; state; thailand; violence; war; world
       cache: ajiss-1612.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1612.txt

        item: #526 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1613
      author: Kadeer, Rebiya
       title: Fighting for Uyghur Rights
        date: 2006.0
       words: 2181
      flesch: 67
     summary: But the Uyghurs were not prospering, and I was especially con- cerned about the situation of Uyghur women. Fighting for Uyghur Rights Rebiya Kadeer I begin my brief story in the 1960s, when many Uyghur (also spelled “Uygur” and “Uighur”) people, including myself, struggled against starva- tion.
    keywords: government; people; rights; uyghur; women
       cache: ajiss-1613.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1613.txt

        item: #527 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1614
      author: Azizian, Rouben; Davis, Elizabeth Van Wie
       title: Terrorism, Geopolitics, and Multinational Security Cooperation in Central Asia
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1080
      flesch: 36
     summary: Presenters at the conference were Baktybek Abdrisaev (Utah Valley University), Ehsan Ahrari (Strategic Paradigms, Washington, DC), Rouben Azizian (APCSS), Sanjay Chaturvedi (Panjab University), Jon Chicky (U.S. Department of Defense), Elizabeth Van Wie Davis (APCSS), Jim DeHart (U.S. Department of State), Feng Shaolei (East China Normal University), Fu Jen-Kun (Ching Yun University), Roger Kangas (Marshall Center, Ger- many), Alisher Khamidov (The Johns Hopkins University), Fatima Kuke- yeva (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University), Alexey Malashenko (Car- negie Moscow Center), Robert T. Moeller (U.S. Central Command), Yury Morozov (Center for Military-Strategic Studies, Moscow), Askar Nursha (Kazakhstan Institute of Strategic Studies), Thomas W. Simons, Jr. (Harvard University), Nadia Usaeva (Radio Free Asia), Shi Ze (China Institute of Inter- national Studies) Sohail Zaidi (Command & Staff College, Quetta), and Irina Zvyagelskaya (Center for Strategic and Political Studies, Moscow). Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports Terrorism, Geopolitics, and Multinational Security Cooperation in Central Asia On 22-24 February 2006, the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) held this conference on the complex security environment of Central Asia as the region continues to struggle with the phenomena of ter- rorism and religious extremism, poverty and corruption, political instability and authoritarian governance, as well as great power (China, Russia, and the United States) suspicion and rivalry.
    keywords: asia; central; region; university
       cache: ajiss-1614.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1614.txt

        item: #528 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1615
      author: Bhattacharya, Sandhya; Brockopp, Jonathan E.
       title: Islam and Bioethics: Concerns, Challenges, and Responses
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1653
      flesch: 37
     summary: Frederick Denny’s (University of Colorado) remarks focused more on assimilating Islamic perspectives into the bioethical discourse. First, Hassan Shanawani (University of Michigan) and Mohammed Hassan Khalil (University of Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 153 Michigan) examined “Reporting on ‘Islamic Bioethics’ in the Medical Literature: Where Are the Experts?”
    keywords: ethics; islamic; medical; panel; patient; university
       cache: ajiss-1615.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1615.txt

        item: #529 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1616
      author: Al Saeed, Ali
       title: From Orientalsim to Postcoloniality
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1163
      flesch: 33
     summary: In the first “Black American Writing and Social Activism” workshop, Fredrik Sunnermark (senior lecturer, Cultural Studies, University West, Troll- hättan, Sweden) presented “Sameness and Difference: The Paradoxical Meaning of the ‘Negro’ in the Rhetoric of Martin Luther King, Jr.” Mari- angela Palladion (Ph.D. candidate, University of Stratchclyde, Glasgow, UK) spoke on “History, Postcolonialism, and Postmodernism in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,” which The New York Times recently named the best work of Amer- ican fiction in the last 25 years. The first day featured three keynote lectures: Anthony Grooms (writer and professor of creative writing, Kennesaw State University, Georgia, USA) on “Civil Rights Movement Narrative and the American Civic Place,” Inga Brandell (associate professor, Department of Political Science, Södertörn University) on “Revisiting Ibn Khaldun: Contemporary Use and Misuse of Classical Arab Science,” and Irina Sandomirskaja (professor of culture stud- ies, The Baltic and East European Graduate School, Södertörn University) on “One-sixth of the World: Avantgrade Film, Revolutionary Language and the Colonization of the Periphery in the USSR during the 1920s.”
    keywords: american; conference; english; literature; university
       cache: ajiss-1616.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1616.txt

        item: #530 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1617
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1703
      flesch: 52
     summary: While it would be preferable to extend the notion of criminality, rather than the politically driven and latently anti-Islamic concept of terrorism, he rightly states: “The techniques they use are often very similar. After the Bandido incident, there was some press coverage of a suggestion from Ottawa South Liberal MP David McGuinty that the Hells Angels biker gang be labeled a terrorist organization.
    keywords: angels; hells; muslims; public; terrorism
       cache: ajiss-1617.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1617.txt

        item: #531 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1618
      author: Stanton, Andrea L.
       title: The Lion in Spring? Three Takes on Syria through the Presidential Lens
        date: 2006.0
       words: 2542
      flesch: 43
     summary: Bashar’s Trial by Fire, and David Lesch’s The New Lion of Damascus: Bashar al-Asad and Modern Syria. His passion is sincere and his analysis is solid, but this analysis belongs in a different book, one that would focus less on “Bashar al-Asad and modern Syria” and more on American policymak- ing, as Leverett’s book does.
    keywords: bashar; george; lesch; leverett; regime; syria
       cache: ajiss-1618.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1618.txt

        item: #532 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1619
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Islamic Thought in the Twentieth Century: By Suha Taji-Farouki and Basheer M. Nafi, eds. (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2004. 432 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1117
      flesch: 46
     summary: In devising a framework for what they call the “dialectical relation- ship” between twentieth-century Islamic thought and modernity, Suha Taji-Farouki and Basheer Nafi have resolved to construct their account around three themes: the emergence of new spokespersons, the diversity of twentieth-century Muslim discourse, and the connections and disrup- tions between Islamic thought and the rest of “the global intellectual arena” (p. 5). As a result of their encounter with western scholarship, Muslim intellectuals felt increasingly compelled to respond to what they saw as Orientalist distortions.
    keywords: century; islamic; muslim; new
       cache: ajiss-1619.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1619.txt

        item: #533 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1621
      author: Rostampour, Mojtaba
       title: Reversing the Colonial Gaze: Persian Travelers Abroad by Hamid Dabashi
        date: 2020.0
       words: 2985
      flesch: 36
     summary: Dabashi textures the successive moments of colonial production and anti- colonial interpretation, calling to reread and revivify the Persian travelogue “at the concluding end of postcoloniality, when minds are decolonized” (258)—a bold, and perhaps premature, resolution to the riddled condition of postcoloniality in the twenty-first century, particularly in Iran. The title itself explicitly demonstrates Dabashi’s determi- nation to overturn the general attitude towards the travelogues under his scrutiny: Whereas “Europe was only part of their travels,” some categorize the Persian travelers for having focalized Europe as their sole destination (ix).
    keywords: chapter; dabashi; europe; iran; persian; travelers; travelogue
       cache: ajiss-1621.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1621.txt

        item: #534 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1622
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: Beyond Violence: Religious Sources of Social Transformation in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by James L. Heft, S.M. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2004. 162 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1169
      flesch: 43
     summary: However, reading these six essay together underscores one point: Whether it is in renouncing the right of revenge conferred by suffering, seeing glory in moral power, searching for “the moral man of the earth,” balancing power with the vision of peace, engaging in honest self-criticism, or advocating reli- gious liberty and universal human rights, each author, in his own individual way, calls for religious people to have the courage to choose peace. He views the Second Vatican Council (1962- 65) as the key turning point after which the Catholic Church became a pow- erful proponent of religious liberty and universal human rights, which was further developed by liberation theology.
    keywords: book; peace; university; violence
       cache: ajiss-1622.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1622.txt

        item: #535 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1623
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: New Faiths, Old Fears: Muslims and Other Asian Immigrants in American Religious Life by Bruce B. Lawrence (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. 197 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1113
      flesch: 33
     summary: The author introduces three key terms that are used throughout the book: polyvalence, kaleidoculture, and racialized class prejudice. However, his third term, racialized class prejudice, presents the major obstacle to realizing this ideal.
    keywords: american; immigrants
       cache: ajiss-1623.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1623.txt

        item: #536 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1624
      author: Launay, Robert
       title: An Imagined Geography: Sierra Leonean Muslims in America by JoAnn D’Alisera (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. 181 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 987
      flesch: 46
     summary: Such a close- grained focus allows her to provide a very visceral depiction of how they live out their religious commitments in their everyday interactions with each other, with other Sierra Leoneans, and with Anglo-Americans. An Imagined Geography: Sierra Leonean Muslims in America JoAnn D’Alisera Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
    keywords: islamic; leonean; sierra
       cache: ajiss-1624.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1624.txt

        item: #537 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1625
      author: Hartmann, Noga
       title: Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah by Olivier Roy (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 349 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1113
      flesch: 46
     summary: It highlights the importance of sociological factors in shaping modern Islam in the Arab countries and in the West. Globalized Islam is in the same category as Werner Schiffauer’s Die Gottesmänner: Türkische Islamisten in Deutschland: Eine Studie zur Her- 102 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 stellung religiöser Evidenz (God’s Men: Turkish Islamists in Germany: A Study To Produce Religious Evidence (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2000) and Ursula Spuler-Stegemann’s Muslime in Deutschland:
    keywords: islam; roy; west
       cache: ajiss-1625.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1625.txt

        item: #538 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1626
      author: Abboud, Samer
       title: Tensions and Transitions in the Muslim World: By Louay Safi (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. 230 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1084
      flesch: 28
     summary: In other words, Islamic reform must emerge from a rereading and synthesis of these two historical approaches to reform. Safi’s text interrogates the potential of Islamic reform movements to articu- late a democratic and pluralistic politics throughout the Middle East and the broader Islamic world.
    keywords: islamic; reform; state
       cache: ajiss-1626.pdf
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        item: #539 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1627
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Europe and the Arab World: By Samir Amin and Ali El Kenz (London: Zed Books, 2005. 166 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1123
      flesch: 39
     summary: Perhaps it may be a harbinger of a new and dif- ferent relationship between Islamic revolutionary movements and social and liberationist groups, one that is crucial and necessary if neoliberalism is not to end up being the sole global player, with its opponents divided and con- quered. It also identifies the ambiguities and limitations of social movements and struggles within the Arab world, as well as their implications for mutual relationships (p. vi).
    keywords: islamic; world
       cache: ajiss-1627.pdf
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        item: #540 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1628
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad H.
       title: The Women of Karbala: Ritual Performances and Symbolic Discourses in Modern Shi`i Islam by Kamran Scot Aghaie, ed. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 304 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 993
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, it represents the maturity of the state of Shi`i studies, having moved beyond the sensationalism of political obses- sions following the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the textually based Orientalism of an earlier generation to considerations of actual practices, performances, understanding of texts, and enactments of doctrines. The Women of Karbala: Ritual Performances and Symbolic Discourses in Modern Shi`i
    keywords: karbala; studies; women
       cache: ajiss-1628.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1628.txt

        item: #541 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1629
      author: Solihu, Abdul Kabir Hussain
       title: Crossing the Threshold: Understanding Religious Identities in South Asia by Dominique-Sila Khan (London: I.B. Tauris, 2004. 185 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1118
      flesch: 48
     summary: Based on field research, observation, and personal experience, the author demonstrates with vivid case studies, legends, and folklore how the two peoples had formerly lived by shared deities and how the change of identity based on Hindu nationalism and Islam has wrought havoc. Khan’s book dwells on the making of identity in the Indian subcontinent between medieval India and the end of the twentieth century.
    keywords: book; communities; hindu
       cache: ajiss-1629.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1629.txt

        item: #542 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1630
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics, 4th ed. by Colbert C. Held (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2006. 646 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1102
      flesch: 39
     summary: The contribution of Middle East Patterns to the study of the region is debatable, as that which affords it triumph also yields one of its few flaws. 646 pages. Widely regarded as the most comprehensive, authoritative, and geographi- cal study of the region, Middle East Patterns: Places, Peoples, and Politics has evolved dexterously into a fourth edition that embraces such diverse themes as archaeology and military capabilities, ethnolinguistic features and agricultural developments, and future implications for relations both within Book Reviews 113 and without the region.
    keywords: east; middle; patterns; region
       cache: ajiss-1630.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1630.txt

        item: #543 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1631
      author: Giannuzzi, Timothy
       title: Reclaiming a Plundered Past: Archaeology and Nation Building in Modern Iraq by Magnus T. Bernhardsson (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006. 327 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1041
      flesch: 44
     summary: United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s laconic comment on the widespread looting triggered by Baghdad’s fall in early April 2003 arguably marks the lowest point in Iraqi archaeology, a field already stained and tarnished by the ugliness of international geopoli- tics. He also offers a standard history of early archaeological theory and an overview of Islamic views on Mesopotamian history.
    keywords: archaeology; bernhardsson; iraq
       cache: ajiss-1631.pdf
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        item: #544 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1632
      author: Holtzman, Livnat
       title: Close Relationships: Incest and Inbreeding in Classical Arabic Literature by Geert Jan van Gelder (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2005. 278 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1114
      flesch: 45
     summary: At the same time, he emphasized that because of their healthy instincts, the pre-Islamic Arabs were very close to Islamic regulations (pp. 78-79). Islamic historians, such as the ninth-century author Ibn Habib, strove to prove that Islam made the rules stricter by forbidding the marriage of stepmothers and sons, as well as the marriage of two sisters simultaneously.
    keywords: gelder; incest; literature
       cache: ajiss-1632.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1632.txt

        item: #545 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1633
      author: Monaghan, Sean
       title: The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity, and Status by Nissim Dana (Portland, OR: Sussex Academic Press, 2003. 227 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1088
      flesch: 50
     summary: Second, the question of Druze identity is an intricate one. Moreover, to suggest that “Druze history is composed of a string of con- frontations between Druze believers and those of the Muslim faith, who con- stitute the overwhelming population of the Arab nation” (p. 109) is contra- dicted by the author himself and ignores the entire nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
    keywords: druze; faith
       cache: ajiss-1633.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1633.txt

        item: #546 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1634
      author: Hussain, Amir
       title: Me and the Mosque: By Zarqa Nawaz, author and director (National Film Board of Canada, 2005. 52 minutes.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 740
      flesch: 59
     summary: In Pakistan, for example, mosque space may be exclusively male space, but in Canada the mosque may be the only Muslim space available to women. However, what he jokes about, the nice “dungeons” that many people mention when they talk about the basements where some mosques give space to women, is no laugh- ing matter.
    keywords: film; mosque; women
       cache: ajiss-1634.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1634.txt

        item: #547 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1635
      author: Schumm, Walter R.; Kohler, Alison L.
       title: Social Cohesion and the Five Pillars of Islam: A Comparative Perspective
        date: 2006.0
       words: 4349
      flesch: 56
     summary: One such illustration concerns the role of the Five Pillars in supporting and maintaining social cohesion among monotheists. A model of social cohesion and the Five Pillars is presented for discussion and reflection.
    keywords: christian; church; cohesion; fasting; god; islam; jesus; muslim; pillars; schumm
       cache: ajiss-1635.pdf
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        item: #548 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1636
      author: Tatari, Eren
       title: Dialogue vs. Conflict: Islam at the Age of Globalization
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1127
      flesch: 25
     summary: The first panel, “Global Islam and the West,” accommodated papers exemplifying the responses and contributions of Muslims to globalization. In the “Muslims, Integration, and the European Union” panel, Ahmed Yukleyen (Boston University) presented “Redefining Islam and Europe in Turkey’s EU Membership Process,” in which he discussed the mutual transformation of Turkish Islam and the cultural context of Europe.
    keywords: islam; muslims; turkey; university
       cache: ajiss-1636.pdf
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        item: #549 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1637
      author: Sabbath, Roberta
       title: Sacred Other: Boundaries and Pores in the Tanakh, New Testament, and Qur’an as Literary Works
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1031
      flesch: 42
     summary: Presenters in the first panel included Mehnaz Afridi (University of South Africa), who, speaking to “Islam and Its Forgotten Others,” sees the ummah as the acceptance of the “Other.” In her “Choreographing the Golem and the Dybbuk: Portrait of the Other, Jewish Folklore in Dance,” Margot Mink Colbert (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) described her own ballet choreography inspired by the story of the Golem of Prague, the spirit who saved an innocent young Jewish man accused of blood libel from certain death.
    keywords: human; panel; texts; university
       cache: ajiss-1637.pdf
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        item: #550 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1638
      author: Elsanousi, Mohamed
       title: Theology, International Law, and Torture: A Conference on Human Rights and Religious Commitment
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1022
      flesch: 35
     summary: With such reasoning in mind, the Muslim community has partnered with var- ious faith communities to create the National Religious Campaign against Torture (NRCAT), which was launched during the “Theology, International Law, and Torture: A Conference on Human Rights and Religious Commit- ment” conference sponsored by Princeton Theological Seminary, 13-15 Janu- ary 2006, in Princeton, New Jersey. Religious leaders from across the nation, as well as Mohamed Elsanousi (director, Communication and Community Outreach, Islamic Society of North America During the conference presentations, it became clear that people of vari- ous faiths shared an abhorrence of torture, were committed to educating their respective communities about the issue, and were eager to join with other per- sons of faith, including Muslims, to motivate their communities and pressure the American government to disavow its use.
    keywords: american; conference; law; torture
       cache: ajiss-1638.pdf
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        item: #551 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1639
      author: Berry, Lemuel
       title: National Association of African American Studies and Affiliates 2006 National Conference
        date: 2006.0
       words: 655
      flesch: 31
     summary: New board members appointed for various terms include: Zafar Bokhari (Chicago State University), Ada Puryear Burnette (Valdosta State University), Shu Jen Chen (City College, SUNY), (Jaibun Earp (Florida A&M University), Bruno Ferrer (University of Puerto Rico), Regina Jones (Syracuse University), Frank Lucido (Texas A&M University), Shauneen Pete (University of Regina), Wendy Trott (Delaware Technical & Community College), and Dr. Nili Luo (University of Montana-Western). A sampling of institutions represented included the University of Tennessee, six institutions from the California State system, Hampton University, Yale University, Quinnipiac University, Howard University, George Mason University, Wesleyan University, University of Kansas, and Purdue University.
    keywords: association; studies; university
       cache: ajiss-1639.pdf
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        item: #552 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1640
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2006.0
       words: 2794
      flesch: 61
     summary: Safi’s essay recognizes the unjust exclusion that many Muslim women face due to one particular unfortunate development afflicting the North American Muslim scene: The desire of many immigrant Muslims who come from strongly patriarchal cultures to try to reproduce these defective and harmful structures in North America. “According to the poll, the proportion of Americans who believe that Islam helps to stoke violence against non-Muslims has more than doubled since the attacks, from 14 percent in January 2002 to 33 percent today.
    keywords: american; cartoon; islam; muhammad; muslims; pbuh; prophet
       cache: ajiss-1640.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1640.txt

        item: #553 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1641
      author: Gormley, Louise; Armani, David
       title: Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War: By Lawrence G. Potter and Gary G. Sick, eds. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 224 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1118
      flesch: 55
     summary: In the chilling “Outsiders as Enablers: Consequences and Lessons from International Silence on Iraq’s Use of Chemical Weapons during the Iran- Iraq War,” Joost R. Hiltermann reveals that Iraq experimented with [poison] gas and faced no real opposition, as the international community ignored it and thereby silently condoned further chemical weapons-induced mass mur- der. Book Reviews Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War Lawrence G. Potter and Gary G. Sick, eds.
    keywords: iran; iraq; war
       cache: ajiss-1641.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1641.txt

        item: #554 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1642
      author: Ali, Othman
       title: A Modern History of the Kurds, 3d rev. ed.: By David McDowall (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2005. 515 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1050
      flesch: 46
     summary: As presented by McDowall, a close scrutiny of modern Kurdish history reveals striking continuities. David McDowall, a noted British specialist on Middle Eastern minority affairs and an acknowledged expert on Kurdish studies, has extensively revised the 1996 second edition of his book.
    keywords: iraq; kurdish; kurds
       cache: ajiss-1642.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1642.txt

        item: #555 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1643
      author: Ghori, Faisal
       title: Nationalist Voices in Jordan: The Street and the State by Betty S. Anderson (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 288 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1037
      flesch: 53
     summary: Given her unique approach to Jordanian history, she admits that her work is incomplete, for many first-hand accounts and memoirs, which cannot be found, should be examined in light of the larger body of literature on Jordan. Taking a subaltern approach to Jordanian history, she examines the foundation of the Jordanian National Movement (JNM), a coalition of leftist parties based loosely upon Arab nationalism, and its influence upon the nation’s formation.
    keywords: history; jnm; jordan
       cache: ajiss-1643.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1643.txt

        item: #556 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1644
      author: Zalman, Amy
       title: In Pursuit of Legitimacy: The Muslim Brothers and Mubarak 1982-2000 by Hesham Al Awadi (New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 2004. 262 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 990
      flesch: 40
     summary: As Awadi’s interviews with members from December 2000 through 2002 reveal, the decision to seek legality and seats in Parliament was viewed as a choice that crossed the line from popular legitimacy to an unacceptable level of political legitimacy. This may prove a useful springboard for under- standing other authoritarian contexts, in which popular legitimacy plays only a limited role, or indeed in any environment in which state legitimacy is a contested sphere.
    keywords: brothers; legitimacy
       cache: ajiss-1644.pdf
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        item: #557 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1645
      author: Giannuzzi, Timothy
       title: The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism: By Michael Provence (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 209 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 996
      flesch: 50
     summary: Provence has also done a superlative job in amassing supporting documentation, espe- cially correspondence from and between rebel leaders and even seven pho- tos from the period, all of which provide an unexpected degree of insight into the rebels and the long-ignored brutalities the war inflicted on the Syrians. Such an approach has its drawbacks, namely, the paucity of documen- tary evidence from contemporary rural Syria.
    keywords: french; provence; revolt
       cache: ajiss-1645.pdf
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        item: #558 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1646
      author: Kalyoncu, Mehmet
       title: Uzbekistan and the United States: Authoritarianism, Islamism & Washington’s Security Agenda by Shahram Akbarzadeh (London: Zed Books, 2005. 165 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1070
      flesch: 36
     summary: Despite the fact that this book was written before this event, Shahram Akbarzadeh’s Uzbekistan and the United States: Authoritarianism, Islamism & Washington’s Security Agenda articulates quite well how Karimov came to the point where he could find the courage to become increasingly authoritarian despite Uzbekistan’s bad record of human rights abuses and failed democratic reforms. He argues that the common threat of Islamist extremism has brought the United States and Uzbekistan together and has become a pretext for the latter to continue its repressive policies, which have caused Uzbekistan’s human rights and democratization records to falter even further.
    keywords: akbarzadeh; karimov; uzbekistan
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        item: #559 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1647
      author: Abraham, Jose
       title: European Trade and Colonial Conquest (vol. 1): By Biplab Dasgupta (London: Anthem Press, 2005. 398 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1060
      flesch: 49
     summary: The author also argues that territorial ambitions were integral to European trading in India from the beginning. He, therefore, com- ments that this is “less a book on pre-colonial Bengal” and more a book on European trade and colonial conquest (p. vii).
    keywords: bengal; european; trade
       cache: ajiss-1647.pdf
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        item: #560 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1648
      author: Fletcher, Charles
       title: God’s Rule: Government and Islam by Patricia Crone (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 462 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1029
      flesch: 44
     summary: However, it ends up being a valuable contri- bution to understanding the process of intellectual thought regarding political issues and questions, all within the context of the applications of government. Crone, perhaps better known for her more controversial works, such as Hagarism (Cambridge: 1977), God’s Caliph (Cambridge: 1986), and Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (Oxford: 1987), is no stranger to Islamic political theory, having written Slaves on Horses: The Book Reviews 107 108 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 Evolution of the Islamic Polity (Cambridge: 1980).
    keywords: crone; government; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1648.pdf
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        item: #561 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1649
      author: Empey, Heather
       title: Early Shi`i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir by Arzina R. Lalani (London: UK: I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2004. 192 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 981
      flesch: 54
     summary: She draws upon the histories of al-Ya`qubi (d. ca 900) and al- Tabari (d. 923), the heresiographies of al-Nawbakhti (d. ca 912-22) and al- Shahrastani (d. 1153), as well as the works of the Ithna`ashari traditionist al- Kulayni (d. 940-41) and the Fatimid jurist al-Qadi al-Nu`man (d. 974), among many others. As the author herself remarks, Shi`i theology and jurispru- dence would both be inconceivable without the contributions of al-Baqir and his son Ja`far al-Sadiq (p. 106).
    keywords: baqir; shi`i
       cache: ajiss-1649.pdf
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        item: #562 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1650
      author: Mir, Anita
       title: Islamic Fundamentalism Since 1945: By Beverley Milton-Edwards (London and New York: Routledge, 2005. 158 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1289
      flesch: 44
     summary: The author regards its founding father, Hassan al-Banna (1906-49), in “many respects as the founding father of Islamic fundamentalism.” The second formulation, which Milton-Edwards calls revivalism and links directly to the phenomenon of Islamic fundamentalism, was fed by such thinkers as Pakistan’s Abu-l A`la Mawdudi (1903-79) and Egypt’s al-Banna.
    keywords: fundamentalism; islamic; milton; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1650.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1650.txt

        item: #563 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1651
      author: Ghori, Faisal
       title: The Management of Islamic Activism: Salafis, The Muslim Brotherhood, and State Power in Jordan by Quintan Wiktorowicz (State University of New York: Albany, 2001. 205 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1090
      flesch: 55
     summary: If this is correct, then what differentiates Islamic NGOs from non-Islamic NGOs? Although a key component of his argument is that the state bureaucracy has hampered and controlled the functionality of Islamic NGOs, he fails to explain what distinguishes Islamic NGOs from their coun- terparts.
    keywords: islamic; state
       cache: ajiss-1651.pdf
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        item: #564 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1652
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation by John Wansbrough (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004. 316 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1249
      flesch: 39
     summary: Reading Wansbrough is apparently even frustrating for some of the most prominent historians of Islam, as can be deduced from Humphreys’ characterization of Wansbrough’s chosen writing style: “He affects a ferociously opaque style which bristles with unexplained technical terms in many languages, obscure allusions, and Teutonic grammar” (Humphreys, Islamic History [1999], 83-84). The second half of Quranic Studies examines the exegetical literature on the Qur’an, which, as Wansbrough states at the outset, can “hardly be described as homogenous” (p. 119).
    keywords: qur’an; studies; study; wansbrough
       cache: ajiss-1652.pdf
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        item: #565 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1653
      author: Tayyara, Abd al-Rahman
       title: Islam: Origins · Practices · Holy Texts · Sacred Persons · Sacred Places by Matthew S. Gordon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 112 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1113
      flesch: 53
     summary: However, due to various political and religious developments after the Prophet’s death, new holy personalities, particularly in Shi`i Islam, emerged. Islam: Origins · Practices · Holy Texts · Sacred Persons · Sacred Places Matthew S. Gordon Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
    keywords: chapter; gordon; islam
       cache: ajiss-1653.pdf
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        item: #566 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1654
      author: Fiorindi, Lisa Pike
       title: Reading Arab Women’s Autobiographies: Shahrazad Tells Her Story by Nawar Al-Hassan Golley (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. 236 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1110
      flesch: 33
     summary: The selection of a wide variety of texts, ranging from interviews with illiterate women to autobiographies written by women with economic class privileges, is demonstrative of the author’s desire to bring both the diversity and complexity of Arab women’s lives to light. In outlining a brief history of Arab feminism, Golley strives to both demystify the “aura of exoticism” that has surrounded Arab women and to demonstrate that Arab feminism “is not alien to Arab culture.”
    keywords: arab; feminism; golley; women
       cache: ajiss-1654.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1654.txt

        item: #567 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1655
      author: Khalil, Atif
       title: Al-Ghazali’s Unspeakable Doctrine of the Soul: Unveiling the Esoteric Psychology and Eschatology of the Ihya’ by Timothy Gianotti (Leiden: Brill, 2001. 205 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1087
      flesch: 56
     summary: David Burrel, the noted historian of medieval philosophy, claims that we are “indebted to Timothy Gianotti for outlining Ghazali’s way so dramatically” (Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies, 179.4 [2004]: 1074-75). Gianotti’s purpose behind this monograph is to draw out Ghazali’s position on the vexed question of the true nature of the soul and its state in the after- life.
    keywords: ghazali; gianotti; soul
       cache: ajiss-1655.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1655.txt

        item: #568 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1656
      author: Molloy, Rebecca B.
       title: Sibawayhi: By Michael G. Carter
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1191
      flesch: 56
     summary: Despite the complex subject matter, Carter does a brilliant job describ- ing the Kitab’s place within the Arabo-Islamic system and the historical con- text in which it was written. Through the discussion on Sibawayhi’s principal teachers (Yunus ibn Habib and al-Halil ibn Ahmad; pp. 25-32) and the question of his originality, Carter shows how the Kitab documents the evolution of Sibawayhi’s gram- mar by illuminating the latter’s attitude both to the subject matter and to his masters, for the Kitab contains reports of real conversations and debates.
    keywords: carter; kitab; sibawayhi
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        item: #569 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1657
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Challenging Empire: By Phyllis Bennis (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2006. 286 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 997
      flesch: 52
     summary: Yet if the United States is Book Reviews 131 132 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 the “great democracy” it “brags” to be, Bennis argues, a greater responsi- bility is put on American peace movements and American citizens who are “liable for [the] US government’s actions” (p. 108). Its thesis is simple and straightforward: American unilateralism and militarism have spawned a global social move- ment against such eventualities, giving rise to a new kind of internationalism.
    keywords: american
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        item: #570 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1658
      author: Johnston, David L.
       title: Creative Thinking: An Islamic Perspective by Jamal Badi and Mustapha Tajdin (Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic University Malaysia 2004. 248 pages.)
        date: 2006.0
       words: 977
      flesch: 40
     summary: The rest of the book (less than a third) interacts with western thinking on the subject of creativity: discussing the literature (chapter 5) on psychol- ogy (they quote from two encyclopedias), philosophy (two books on creativ- ity theory), pedagogy (how to impart creativity to students), and business and management (the lion’s share of the chapter, mainly because the mate- rial is eminently practical and seeks to train people to become creative in their thinking and apply it to their work); and attempting to integrate philo- sophical language, mind, and thought (chapter 6). The first part is devoted to Islamic civilization’s contribution to human civilization: tafakkur and other Qur’anic words calling for people to think creatively (chapter 1); applying secular “thinking styles” literature to the Qur’an, including the inquisitive, objective, positive, hypothetical, rational, reflective/contemplative, visual, metaphorical, analogical, emotional, per- ceptual, conceptual, intuitive, scientific, and wishful thinking styles (chapter 2); analyzing the concept of ijtihad and its vocation to constantly adapt Islamic law to changing circumstances and find creative solutions to persist- ent socioeconomic and political challenges (chapter 3); and summarizing Muslim contributions to science, philosophy, and medicine (chapter 4).
    keywords: chapter; creativity; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1658.pdf
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        item: #571 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1659
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Woman and the Masjid between Two Extremes
        date: 2006.0
       words: 2292
      flesch: 48
     summary: The diversity of interpretations of Islamic sources and practices has created tensions, particularly in Islamic centers where the tendency is to impose strict interpretations about the appropriate place and role of Muslim women in the masjid and the community. This is more pressing today as the question of women capacity to exercise leadership and serve the community is put to rest through impressive track record of Muslim women achieving in the academia, professional work, and community service.
    keywords: allah; community; masjid; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1659.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1659.txt

        item: #572 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1660
      author: Jory, Patrick
       title: Voices of Islam in Europe and Southeast Asia
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1139
      flesch: 38
     summary: From January 20-22, 2006, a group of almost thirty Muslim and non-Muslim specialists working in Islamic studies and on the study of Muslim societies from fifteen countries in Europe and Southeast Asia gathered in Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand, to discuss the diverse “Voices of Islam” in these two regions. The workshop focused on two major themes: how events following the September 11 attacks have affected the nature of Islamic studies in Europe and Southeast Asia, and how changes in Islamic studies are impacting upon Muslims and their understanding of Islam in these two regions.
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1660.pdf
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        item: #573 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1661
      author: Shuayb, Fiaz
       title: Bridging the Divide?
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1095
      flesch: 33
     summary: In attendance were representatives from the American government, officials from a variety of American Muslim organizations, American Muslim foreign policy experts, others from the Washington think- tank and policy communities, and students. In his introductory remarks, Peter W. Singer (Senior Fellow and Director, Project on US Policy towards the Islamic World, Saban Center) outlined spe- cific initiatives that should come from the American Muslim community, such as repudiating rumors and conspiracy theories in the Arab Muslim world concerning this country’s “intense scrutiny” of Muslims, coming to terms with the knowledge deficit in Americans’ understanding of Islam, and creat- ing opportunities to educate people about their faith.
    keywords: american; islamic; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-1661.pdf
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        item: #574 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1662
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Editorial
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1658
      flesch: 41
     summary: Muslim nations are trying to address their internal weaknesses and build upon their strengths. The paper is quite timely, for with the rapidly developing fields of medical sci- ences, new issues are calling for collective ummatic ijtihad.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; need; truth; ummah; world
       cache: ajiss-1662.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1662.txt

        item: #575 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1663
      author: Khalil, Atif
       title: Is an Intra-Islamic Theological Ecumenism Possible? A Response to Sherman Jackson
        date: 2005.0
       words: 5362
      flesch: 49
     summary: Review Essay Is an Intra-Islamic Theological Ecumenism Possible? What I intend to do in the few pages that follow is to respond briefly to some of his arguments insofar as they pertain to his ideas on intra-Islamic theologi- cal ecumenism.3 My purpose is to show that despite the ingenuity with which he tackles the issue of doctrinal and theological diversity, many of his central arguments are beset by internal contradictions and incongruencies that might otherwise evade the casual reader.
    keywords: divine; god; ibn; islamic; jackson; process; revelation; theology
       cache: ajiss-1663.pdf
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        item: #576 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1664
      author: Johnston, David L.
       title: The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists by Khaled Abou El Fadl (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005. 310 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1052
      flesch: 52
     summary: Today, notes Abou El Fadl, the fact that engineers, doctors, and even those with little for- mal education pontificate on issues of Islamic law is but one sign of a Muslim society in complete disarray. In the first chapter (“Islam Torn between Extremism and Moderation”), Abou El Fadl describes the split that divides the Islamic com- munity and helpfully defines the terms moderate (as opposed to modernist, progressive, or reformist) and puritan (not fundamentalist, militant, extrem- ist, radical, or jihadist).
    keywords: chapter; islam; law
       cache: ajiss-1664.pdf
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        item: #577 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1665
      author: Hamdan, Amani
       title: Multicultural Politics: Racism, Ethnicity, and Muslims in Britain by Tariq Modood (USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. 240 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1081
      flesch: 43
     summary: He further argues that race and racism are intricately entangled in how British Muslims were perceived, and that their culture was habitually stereotyped and perceived as obstructive to assimila- tion and integration into British society. What I find particularly interesting is his analysis “that the new way of living, gradually becoming a part of British society, had to be ulti- mately justified in terms of compatibility with the Muslim faith” (p. 31).
    keywords: modood; racism
       cache: ajiss-1665.pdf
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        item: #578 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1666
      author: Blumi, Isa
       title: Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany: By Joel S. Fetzer and J. Christopher Soper (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 208 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1063
      flesch: 39
     summary: As a result, they fail to acknowledge the existence of ethnic, doctrinal, national, economic, and lin- guistic divisions within Muslim communities that may contribute to the variable experiences that Muslims have with European states. It might have been more instructive, for example, to reflect on what accounts for the lack of political cohesiveness among Muslim communities in order to appreciate how state institutions, regardless of their capacity to accommodate varying interests, circumvent Muslim demands for equal access to state funds and institutions.
    keywords: europe; muslim; state
       cache: ajiss-1666.pdf
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        item: #579 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1668
      author: Chaudhry, Ayesha Siddiqua
       title: Shattering the Stereotypes: Muslim Women Speak Out by Fawzia Afzal-Khan, ed. (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2005. 338 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1088
      flesch: 54
     summary: Section 5, “Fiction,” con- tains short stories written by American Muslim women. Ever since the West’s initial contact with the East, Muslim women have occupied center stage as highly politicized subjects who the West has claimed to liberate from the oppressive East and who the East has claimed to protect from the hedonistic West.
    keywords: american; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1668.pdf
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        item: #580 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1669
      author: Biondo III, Vincent F.
       title: A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City by Kathleen Benson and Philip M. Kayal, eds. (New York: The Museum of the City of New York, 2002. 280 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 892
      flesch: 51
     summary: A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City Kathleen Benson and Philip M. Kayal, eds. It provides a general overview of the history and diversity of Arab Americans in New York City and is particularly strong in the area of the arts, featuring several chapters on literature and music, including several first-person narratives.
    keywords: arab; book; new; york
       cache: ajiss-1669.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1669.txt

        item: #581 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1670
      author: Rustom, Mohammed
       title: Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies by Farhad Daftary (London and New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies (London), 2004. 469 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 774
      flesch: 45
     summary: This bibliography contains an important survey of medieval and con- temporary developments in Ismaili studies. The “selected theses” section presents a selection of some of the more important published and non-published theses written in the field of Ismaili studies (mostly in English, but also in French, Italian, Farsi, and Arabic).
    keywords: ismaili; literature; studies
       cache: ajiss-1670.pdf
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        item: #582 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1671
      author: Abboud, Samer
       title: Resurrecting Empire: Western Footprints and America's Perilous Path in the Middle East by Rashid Khalidi (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004. 240 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1049
      flesch: 35
     summary: Although written primarily for a non-academic, American audience, it is a useful and important text on contemporary Middle East history. The first chapter provides an account of western colonialism’s social, political, economic, and cultural legacy wrought on the Middle East.
    keywords: east; khalidi; middle
       cache: ajiss-1671.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1671.txt

        item: #583 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1672
      author: Gandolfo, K. Luisa
       title: Suicide in Palestine: Narratives of Despair by Nadia Taysir Dabbagh (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2005. 265 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1123
      flesch: 44
     summary: Within the context of Islamic thought, suicide has met both tolerance and resistance and has spawned two cultural categories: suicide and martyrdom. Nadia Taysir Dabbagh approaches the issue with a dexterity honed by med- ical experience, and her insightful analysis of the two concepts reveals that suicide is perceived as a private act condemned by society and religion, while martyrdom is a public act exalted for the greater good.
    keywords: dabbagh; social; suicide
       cache: ajiss-1672.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1672.txt

        item: #584 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1673
      author: Afzaal, Ahmed
       title: Losing My Religion: A Call for Help by Jeffrey Lang (Beltsville, MD: amana publications, 2004. 504 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1117
      flesch: 45
     summary: The main impetus behind this book is the alienation experienced by young Muslims and converts who are confronted with the traditional and conservative forms of Islam presented (and vigorously defended) by the immigrant-dominated mosque culture. These are the misgivings, reservations, and doubts raised by young Muslims and converts who have not yet lost their religion, but who are unlikely to get any help from the local imam either.
    keywords: lang; muslim; religion
       cache: ajiss-1673.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1673.txt

        item: #585 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1674
      author: Fletcher, Charles
       title: Understanding Islam: A Guide for the Judaeo-Christian Reader by Jerald F. Dirks (Beltsville, MD: amana publishers, 2003. 394 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1017
      flesch: 51
     summary: Divided into ten chapters, Understanding Islam attempts to outline Islam’s beliefs, doctrines, and practices in a manner accessible to the aver- age non-Muslim western reader. Into this array of publica- tions comes Jerald Dirks, who offers his contribution as an attempt to pres- ent an undistorted introduction to Sunni Islam based almost exclusively on the Qur’an and the Sunnah and aimed primarily at the western Christian reader.
    keywords: dirks; islam; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1674.pdf
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        item: #586 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1675
      author: Schleifer, S. Abdallah
       title: Contemporary Chaos and Muslim Youth: Getting beyond Defensiveness and Confronting Our Own Demons
        date: 2005.0
       words: 4564
      flesch: 46
     summary: Jackson quotes the eleventh- century Spanish Maliki jurist Ibn `Abd al-Barr, who defines the agent of hirabah as Anyone who disturbs free passage in the streets and renders them unsafe to travel, striving to spread corruption in the land by taking money, killing people or violating what God has made it unlawful to violate is guilty of hiraba … be he a Muslim or a non-Muslim, free or slave, and whether he actually realizes his goal of taking money, or of killing or not. And in the eyes of the classical jurists, this is why the terrorist deserves to be sentenced to death regardless of the status of the victim, whether he/she is a Muslim or a non-Muslim.
    keywords: american; ideology; islam; islamic; muslim; terrorism; time; years
       cache: ajiss-1675.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1675.txt

        item: #587 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1676
      author: Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Rethinking Islamic Education in Facing the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century
        date: 2005.0
       words: 6521
      flesch: 58
     summary: The absence of Arabic from the curriculum of Islamic religious science is too glaring. Therefore, the Qur’an has never been the main textbook for Muslim students even in the Islamic religious science classroom.
    keywords: curriculum; education; islamic; knowledge; muslim; qur’an; school; sciences; students; teachers; teaching
       cache: ajiss-1676.pdf
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        item: #588 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1677
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: The Thirty-fourth AMSS Annual Conference
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1006
      flesch: 48
     summary: After the welcoming and introductory remarks by Program Chair Khalid Blankinship (Temple University) and Rafik Beekun (University of Nevada), Abdul Mutualo (American University in Cairo) began the proceed- ings by discussing the history of Islam as an “imported” religion in his native Mozambique. Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports The Thirty-fourth AMSS Annual Conference This conference, held from Sept. 30 – Oct. 2, 2005 and co-sponsored by Temple University (Philadelphia), represented a homecoming for the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS), for its source of inspira- tion, Dr. Isma`il al-Faruqi, taught religion there from 1968-1986.
    keywords: muslims; panel; temple; university; women
       cache: ajiss-1677.pdf
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        item: #589 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1678
      author: Tatari, Eren
       title: Muslims and Arabs in Western Politics
        date: 2005.0
       words: 956
      flesch: 35
     summary: Zahid Bukhari talked on “Ethnicity and Muslim Political Experience in the United States,” and Jocelyne Cesari presented a comparative paper titled “Public Discourse on Islam: A Transatlantic Comparison.” Panel 4 was on “Comparative Attitudes towards Political Mobilization and Participation among Western Muslim Minorities.”
    keywords: american; muslim; public
       cache: ajiss-1678.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1678.txt

        item: #590 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1679
      author: Convention Reporters Committee, ISNA 
       title: The Forty-second Annual ISNA Convention
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1065
      flesch: 43
     summary: Muhammad Nur Abdullah (president, ISNA) spoke of such ISNA accomplishments as the imam and chaplain training services and empowering Muslim youths. ISNA Convention Reporters Committee Chicago, IL Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 155
    keywords: islamic; isna; justice; muslim; president
       cache: ajiss-1679.pdf
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        item: #591 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1680
      author: Khan, Muqtedar
       title: Debating Moderate Islam: An Introduction
        date: 2005.0
       words: 2105
      flesch: 52
     summary: Khan, the convener and editor of this debate, is often referred to as the voice of moderate Islam. Is it possible to imagine that the Turkish Islamists, now under the leadership of such visionaries such as Prime Minister Erdogan, are the harbingers of moderate Islam and Islamic democracy?
    keywords: american; debate; islam; islamic; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-1680.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1680.txt

        item: #592 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1681
      author: Yildirim, Yetkin
       title: Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance: By M. Fethullah Gülen (New Jersey: The Light, Inc., 2004. 269 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1091
      flesch: 60
     summary: The author argues that in true Islam, terror does not exist. Gülen engages non-Muslims in Book Reviews 119 a discussion of dialogue by expressing the values of Islam, which are shared by many religions.
    keywords: dialogue; gülen; islam
       cache: ajiss-1681.pdf
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        item: #593 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1682
      author: Glazer, Aubrey L.
       title: The Challenge of Post-Zionism: Alternatives to Israeli Fundamentalist Politics by Ephraim Nimni (London: Zed Books, 2003. 209 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1185
      flesch: 42
     summary: Ghanem’s datum portray an uncompromising ethnocentric Zionism held by the majority of Jews vis-à- vis the state, while the Palestinian minority maintains anti-Zionist positions that reject the nature and objectives of Israel despite their acceptance of Israeli citizenship (p. 114). In uttering “Everywhere I wander is Jerusalem,” the late nineteenth-century Hasidic revolutionary, Nahman of Bratzlav, was the first post-Zionist.
    keywords: post; zionism
       cache: ajiss-1682.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1682.txt

        item: #594 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1683
      author: Geissinger, Aisha
       title: Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender, and Pluralism by Omid Safi, ed. (Oxford: Oneworld, 2003. 351 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1061
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the second paper, “In Search of Progressive Islam beyond 9/11,” Farid Esack defines “progressive Islam” as a struggle for justice. In “American Muslim Identity: Race and Ethnicity in Progressive Islam,” Amina Wadud observes that African-American Muslims are often marginalized in the American Muslim community, both by immigrant Muslims and by outsiders, who do not see them as “authentic” representatives of Islam.
    keywords: american; islam; muslim; paper
       cache: ajiss-1683.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1683.txt

        item: #595 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1684
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Tensions and Transitions in the Muslim World: By Louay Safi (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003. 231 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1109
      flesch: 41
     summary: These perceptions, according to the author, are driven by a strong sense of skepticism about the commensurability of Islamic values with modern western ideals as well as by vested American geostrategic interests. Part 1 (two chapters) attempts to explore the possibilities of embedding a democratic state system as well as the cor- responding political culture and structures in Islamic values and beliefs.
    keywords: american; islam; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1684.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1684.txt

        item: #596 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1685
      author: Hamid, Shadi
       title: Islam and Democracy in the Middle East: By Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, and Daniel Brumberg, eds. (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. 322 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1274
      flesch: 46
     summary: Considering that Egypt and Jordan, Book Reviews 131 once thought to be harbingers of Arab democracy, have fallen into the “trap of liberalizing autocracy,” it has become increasingly difficult to envision how real democracy will ever actually come about in the region. Other authors, in the first of three sections entitled “Democratization in the Arab World,” argue that contrary to what appearances may suggest, many Arab countries are not only stagnating insofar as real, structural change is concerned, but are actually regressing in some respects.
    keywords: arab; democracy; east; middle
       cache: ajiss-1685.pdf
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        item: #597 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1686
      author: Ahmed, Rumee
       title: Jihad: From Qur’an to Bin Laden by Richard Bonney (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1034
      flesch: 47
     summary: Although he hopes that non-Muslims will achieve a certain level of tol- erance by reading this book, Bonney directly addresses Muslims and says that the trend of misappropriating jihad for political purposes will not cease until Muslims themselves demand a return to Islam’s original Qur’anic and prophetic principles. By doing so, Bonney hopes to empower Muslim moderates to publicize the concept of jihad as purely defensive, as well as to enlighten non-Muslims of Islam’s true message of peace, balance, and pluralism.
    keywords: bonney; jihad; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-1686.pdf
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        item: #598 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1687
      author: Sheikh, Shiraz A.
       title: Islamic Political Identity in Turkey: By M. Hakan Yavuz (USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. 328 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1136
      flesch: 44
     summary: Yavuz does a satisfactory job of presenting these movements as not reactionary, but rather as positive agents for Turkish society. All in all, Islamic Political Identity is an enlightening work that helps to extricate an important facet of Turkish society from the clutches of the prevailing media and state information sources that have misrepresented it for far too long.
    keywords: movements; turkey; yavuz
       cache: ajiss-1687.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1687.txt

        item: #599 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1688
      author: Ali, Muhamad
       title: Islam in Indonesia: Modernism, Radicalism, and the Middle East Dimension by Giora Eliraz (Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2004. 142 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1098
      flesch: 36
     summary: Unlike the Malay states, in which Islam and politics were less connected because the British did not attempt to restrict the Muslims’ pilgrimage and were not suspicious of the small number of Islamic modernists, Indonesia provides a different case, for Islamic modernism and politics were closely linked there. During the Dutch colonial era, Islamic modernism not only transcended ethnic boundaries but also served as the rallying point of anti-colonialism (or Islamic nationalism).
    keywords: indonesia; islamic; middle; modernism
       cache: ajiss-1688.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1688.txt

        item: #600 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1689
      author: Glazer, Aubrey L.
       title: The Jewish Study Bible: By Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 2,143 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1140
      flesch: 48
     summary: This model is based upon The New Oxford Annotated Bible (p. xi), which abridges in-depth essays by contemporary scholars into accessible versions for general readers and undergraduate students. Editors Berlin and Brettler, along with Fishbane, have compiled a first-rate Hebrew Bible that fuses the technically adept JPS English translation along with introductions, annotations, and essays by many of today’s established and burgeoning scholars.
    keywords: bible; scholarship
       cache: ajiss-1689.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1689.txt

        item: #601 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1690
      author: Khoury, Najeeb Nabil
       title: Al-Maqasid: Al-Nawawi’s Manual of Islam by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, trans. and notes (Beltsville, MD: amana publications, 2002, rev. ed. 226 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1104
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, if novices first approach Islam through this book, they Book Reviews 143 might gain the mistaken impression that Muslims principally live their faith through fastidious observances of legal rulings that might seem empty, superstitious, or arbitrary without their being tied and related back to Islam’s central thesis: God’s ultimate oneness. Keller proceeds to show how Islamic legal scholars study their religion and make legal rulings for the community.
    keywords: islam; keller
       cache: ajiss-1690.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1690.txt

        item: #602 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1691
      author: Lingwood, Chad G.
       title: The Conference of the Birds: The Selected Sufi Poetry of Farid ud-Din Attar by Raficq Abdulla (Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2003. 93 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1132
      flesch: 42
     summary: The most dramatic expression in all of Persian mystical literature of this spiritual journey is the allegorical poem Mantiq al-Tair (best translated as “The Speech of the Birds”) by Farid al-Din `Attar (d. 627/1229), which recounts the initiatory voyage of a group of birds through seven valleys to the palace of the mythical king-bird Simurgh, symbol of the Divine, enthroned atop the cosmic mountain Qaf. Literal translation: Without thinking (bi tafakkur)
    keywords: abdulla; attar; birds; translation
       cache: ajiss-1691.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1691.txt

        item: #603 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1693
      author: Mian, Ali Altaf
       title: Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam by Brannon D. Ingram
        date: 2020.0
       words: 3322
      flesch: 48
     summary: This missionary group has been the main engine for the global travels of Deobandī Islam from the 1950s onward. What happens to this “mutual imbrication of inward and outward” when Deobandī Islam goes global?
    keywords: chapter; deobandī; ingram; islam; scholars; south; tradition
       cache: ajiss-1693.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1693.txt

        item: #604 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1706
      author: Bosanquet, Antonia
       title: Ranks of the Divine Seekers: A Parallel English-Arabic Text. Volume 1. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Translated, Annotated and Introduced by Ovamir Anjum
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1408
      flesch: 50
     summary: In Madārij Ibn al-Qayyim seeks to restore the primacy of the Qur’an and Prophetic example in spiritual practice and to warn the reader against excessive experientialism or antinomianism. Ibn al-Qayyim’s ap- proach to al-Harawī ranges from reverential to critical, particularly where he sees al-Harawī as neglecting the place of the Scriptures in the practice of devotion.
    keywords: anjum; ibn; qayyim
       cache: ajiss-1706.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1706.txt

        item: #605 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1708
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1603
      flesch: 54
     summary: Many Muslims have expressed the hope that his successor will pick up where he left off. Today’s Muslims often look back to such “golden ages” with wistful- ness, admiration, and frustration.
    keywords: muslims; society; today; weiss; world
       cache: ajiss-1708.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1708.txt

        item: #606 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1709
      author: Saloojee, Zubeida
       title: Islamophobia Issues, Challenges, and Action: A Report by the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia by Hugh Muir and Laura Smith, researchers Robin Richardson, ed. (Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books, 2004. 92 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1414
      flesch: 49
     summary: The war in Iraq, the Terrorism Act (2000), and the Anti-Terrorism Crime Security Act (2001), as well as the increasing abrogation of the Muslims’ civil liberties in Britain, however, have all led to increased Islamophobia. This report is actually a comprehensive and highly informative two-part report put out by the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, which was established by the Runneymede Trust in the United Kingdom in 1996.
    keywords: chapter; islamophobia; muslims; report
       cache: ajiss-1709.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1709.txt

        item: #607 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1710
      author: Malik, Anas
       title: A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism by Bobby S. Sayyid (London: Zed Books, 2003, 2d ed. 212 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1111
      flesch: 43
     summary: The author claims that the Orientalists are wrong in their simplistic and sometimes racist essentialism, while the anti-Orientalists, by depriving Islam of all positive meaning independent of political whim and exigency, are throwing out the baby with the bathwater. Anti-Orientalists, as manifested in such writers as Hamid El-Zien, assert that there is not one “Islam,” but only many “Islams.”
    keywords: islam; sayyid
       cache: ajiss-1710.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1710.txt

        item: #608 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1712
      author: Malik, Anas
       title: Transnational Political Islam: Religion, Ideology, and Power by Azza Karam, ed. (London: Pluto Books, 2004. 157 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1218
      flesch: 40
     summary: Any attempt to discuss political Islam, Muslim political consciousness, and fundamentalists inevitably includes some effort to classify and catego- rize. Such structural changes as the disintegration of social bonds and emer- gent hostile attitudes contribute to polarization, a situation that mirrors the “you’re either with us or against us” thinking that has prevailed in the United States since the 9/11 tragedy.
    keywords: islam; karam; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1712.pdf
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        item: #609 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1713
      author: Zaidi, Ali Hassan
       title: Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century by Mark Sedgwick (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 370 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1105
      flesch: 40
     summary: Part 3, “Traditionalism at Large,” mainly follows the developments of Schuon’s Maryamiyah tariqah (chapters 7 and 8) and details his deviations not only from Sufism, but also from perennialism and traditionalism. 108 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2 Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century Mark Sedgwick New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
    keywords: book; sedgwick; traditionalism
       cache: ajiss-1713.pdf
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        item: #610 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1714
      author: Nadir, Aneesah
       title: Islam in the African-American Experience: By Richard Brent Turner (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2003, 2d ed. 312 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1139
      flesch: 41
     summary: And third, it is in the urban centers that immigrant Muslims and African Americans converged and forged the link to global Islam and opportunities, missed or taken, to reintroduce African Americans to Islam. Turner argues that signification runs throughout the history of Islam among African Americans, dating back to the west coast of Africa, through the Nation of Islam, to many of its members’ conversion to orthodox Sunni Islam, and through Islamic messages disseminated via contemporary hip-hop culture.
    keywords: african; american; islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1714.pdf
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        item: #611 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1715
      author: Ahmad, Ayesha
       title: Weapons of Mass Persuasion: Marketing the War against Iraq by Paul Rutherford (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Inc., 2004. 226 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1227
      flesch: 51
     summary: His panel saw those networks’ messages as particularly American, and there- fore manipulative – a panel of American voices might tell a different story and paint a more accurate picture of the effects of such marketing. 114 After all, the most significant target of Washington’s pro-war propaganda is American public opinion.
    keywords: american; marketing; war
       cache: ajiss-1715.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1715.txt

        item: #612 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1716
      author: Khan, Shaza
       title: Muslims in America: Race, Politics, and Community Building by Mbaye Lo (Beltsville, MD: amana publications, 2004. 152 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1043
      flesch: 46
     summary: Finally, although Lo identifies Ahmadi and Nation of Islam Muslims (two groups often positioned outside of Islamic orthodoxy) as having a large impact on the development of Cleveland’s Muslim community in the ear- lier portion of his book, he provides no explanation for the survey’s exclu- sively “orthodox Muslim” (p. 117) sample in this chapter. Mbaye Lo attempts to fill this gap through his research on the history of Muslims in Cleveland, Ohio, in his book Muslims in America: Race, Politics, and Community Building.
    keywords: cleveland; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1716.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1716.txt

        item: #613 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1717
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: Fundamentals of Rumi’s Thought: A Mevlevi Sufi Perspective by Sefik Can (ed. and trans. by Zeki Saritoprak) (New Jersey: The Light, 2004. 317 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1069
      flesch: 57
     summary: The author generalizes Rumi’s views by explaining the differences between the sexes through a recourse to scientific “facts,” then compares the improved status of women in Islam to other religions and societies. The section subtitled “Women” immediately catches one’s eye, because it is rare to find an exposition of this topic in stud- ies on Rumi.
    keywords: book; rumi; views
       cache: ajiss-1717.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1717.txt

        item: #614 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1718
      author: Alghamdi, Amani Hamdan
       title: All American Yemeni Girls: Being Muslim in a Public School by Loukia K. Sarroub (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. 158 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1128
      flesch: 55
     summary: This expression was used to highlight the fact that many Yemeni-American girls “remain geopolitically, linguistically, reli- giously, and culturally isolated from American life while maintaining those same ties to their homeland” (p. 22). The girls’ roles are prescribed by culture and traditions, and their gender identity is con- structed in ways that have been influenced by American society.
    keywords: american; girls; yemeni
       cache: ajiss-1718.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1718.txt

        item: #615 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1719
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Confessions of an Economic Hit Man: By John Perkins (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 2004. 250 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1244
      flesch: 58
     summary: Besides the usual charge of Big Oil, he mentions water’s increasing political and economic importance and the desire of multina- tionals to privatize it (as in South America); Iraq’s common borders with several nations and ability to reach Israel and the former Soviet Union with its missiles; and a potentially vast new market, given that Iraq might have more oil than Saudi Arabia. Torrijos and Perkins worked out a deal whereby Torrijos would funnel contracts to American companies and, in exchange, would be allowed to keep his campaign promises.
    keywords: american; iraq; oil; perkins
       cache: ajiss-1719.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1719.txt

        item: #616 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1720
      author: Brieger, Pedro
       title: Al-Qaeda: A Nontraditional Movement
        date: 2005.0
       words: 4414
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this puzzle, the only missing part is whether this makes al-Qaeda a terrorist group or a new type of Islamic movement. The outrages carried out in recent years in diverse places of the world bear something that can only be called the “mark of al-Qaeda.”
    keywords: american; arab; bin; islamic; laden; movement; network; qaeda; saudi
       cache: ajiss-1720.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1720.txt

        item: #617 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1721
      author: Malik, Abdul-Rehman
       title: Islam in Higher Education
        date: 2005.0
       words: 2606
      flesch: 38
     summary: In opening the conference, CSIC’s Bustami Khir, senior lecturer in Islamic studies, spoke of the critical role that such events could play in shaping the future of the study of Islam and Muslims in the United Kingdom. Since the end of colonization, the main centers of Islamic studies are trying to escape from this old Orientalist model; however, they face many obsta- cles, because the debate over Orientalism is not yet closed.
    keywords: education; islam; islamic; muslims; studies; study; university
       cache: ajiss-1721.pdf
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        item: #618 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1722
      author: Brieger, Pedro
       title: Fifth Seminar on the Middle East
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1189
      flesch: 41
     summary: Given that even today we do not know who carried out these attacks and why, the topic of the Middle East has acquired a public dimension that it did not have before. Pedro Brieger Chairperson, Department of the Middle East Institute of International Relations, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina (trans. by Jay Willoughby [AJISS] and Roberto Marín-Guzmán
    keywords: argentina; east; islamic; middle
       cache: ajiss-1722.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1722.txt

        item: #619 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1723
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: International Seminar on Islamic Thought
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1167
      flesch: 45
     summary: Afaf Abdul Hamid (Kolej University Islam Malaysia [KUIM]) spoke on the ethical founda- tions of work in Islam, and Kyoichiro Sugimoto (IIUM) discussed “The Variance of Muslim Attitudes towards Western Modernity: A Worldview Discourse.” Ali Asghar Bayani (Azad Islamic University, Iran) undertook a comparative study of al-Ghazali’s and Mowlavi Rumi’s views regarding God’s existence and knowledge were compared and interrogated as a way of understanding and appreciating the different viewpoints.
    keywords: conference; islamic; muslim; university
       cache: ajiss-1723.pdf
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        item: #620 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1724
      author: Adjei, Paul Banahene
       title: Mazrui and His Critics
        date: 2005.0
       words: 5024
      flesch: 53
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:2 provocative words and concepts, that divide his readers between those who take him seriously, and those who take him lightly.1 Africanity Redefined Making a similar point in the opening chapter of the first volume, co-editor Alamin Mazrui, associate professor of Africana Studies at Ohio State University and nephew of Ali Mazrui, describes Mazrui’s writings as a double-edge sword that cuts across every political divide, be it social, ide- ological, gender, racial, political, or religious (pp. 5-16). Writing on Mazrui, Sulayman Nyang of Howard University states: Ali Mazrui is a controversial but independent and original thinker.
    keywords: africa; critics; issue; mazrui; nkrumah; professor; recolonization; university; west; world
       cache: ajiss-1724.pdf
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        item: #621 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1725
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1615
      flesch: 50
     summary: As one of AJISS’ priorities is to serve as a space for Islamic perspectives on contemporary issues, this issue includes as its forum article an essay by noted Islamic scholar and imam Zaid Shakir. Ali hopes that his essay will provide a more con- textualized study of Islamic social movements and serve as a corrective to a homogenized view of Islam.
    keywords: american; islamic; social; tsunami; world
       cache: ajiss-1725.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1725.txt

        item: #622 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1726
      author: Geissinger, Aisha
       title: With Reverence for the Word: Medieval Scriptural Exegesis in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Barry D. Walfish, and Joseph W. Goering, eds. (USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. 488 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1200
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, the reader arguably learns more about why classical Qur’anic exegetical works may be seen as falling short by some moderns (who naturally bring different questions and concerns to these texts than medieval Muslims) than about what exactly the medieval Qur’anic interpreters were trying to achieve and how they went about doing so. Part 1, which contains 10 chapters on medieval Jewish exegesis, is arguably the most vibrant portion of this book.
    keywords: book; chapters; exegesis; qur’anic
       cache: ajiss-1726.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1726.txt

        item: #623 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1727
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Transcending Borders: Arabs, Politics, Trade, and Islam in Southeast Asia by Huub de Jonge and Nico Kaptein, eds. (Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002. 246 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1081
      flesch: 34
     summary: However, the most recent developments in Muslim Southeast Asia will cer- tainly keep that interest alive, because some of the more militant key play- ers in Southeast Asian Islamic revivalism are themselves of Hadrami or southern Arabian descent. Book Reviews 99 Transcending Borders: Arabs, Politics, Trade, and Islam in Southeast Asia Huub de Jonge and Nico Kaptein, eds.
    keywords: arabs; asia; islam; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1727.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1727.txt

        item: #624 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1728
      author: Hamid, Shadi
       title: Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: By Adeed Dawisha (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002. 352 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1416
      flesch: 51
     summary: Dawisha goes beyond the successes, excesses, and outright failures that defined Arab nationalism at its height. Using a wide variety of English and Arabic source material, he weaves a compli- cated picture, analyzing in detail how Arab nationalism was born and how it would die just as quickly.
    keywords: arab; dawisha; nasser; nationalism
       cache: ajiss-1728.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1728.txt

        item: #625 of 2426
          id: ajiss-173
      author: Peterson, Luke Mathew
       title: Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal
        date: 2017.0
       words: 11151
      flesch: 34
     summary: The first section provides an historical introduction to the global, transnational forces that guided the developing infrastruc- ture of political conflict within the region. The second section ar- ticulates the ideological parameters of the international political and economic forces (“neoliberalism”) that connect the past and present of political conflict in the region as well as the local (state and non-state) and non-local actors involved in its contemporary manifestation.
    keywords: ajiss34; british; conflict; contemporary; control; east; global; international; israel; market; middle; military; national; neoliberal; neoliberalism; page; palestine; palestinian; policy; state; war; world
       cache: ajiss-173.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-173.txt

        item: #626 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1733
      author: Yenigün, Halil Ibrahim
       title: Crucial Images in the Presentation of a Kurdish National Identity: Heroes and Patriots, Traitors and Foes by Martin Strohmeier (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2003. 265 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1102
      flesch: 49
     summary: This study of failed nation- alism “is concerned less with how and why Kurdish nationalism did or did not ‘catch on’ than with the efforts made by [the] Kurdish elite to construct a viable concept of Kurdish identity” (p. 1). Dr. Sükrü Mehmed Sekban, in his La Question Kurde, disputed the tenets of Kurdish nationalism that he had helped to propagate and the goals that he had tried to realize.
    keywords: kurdish; kurds; movement
       cache: ajiss-1733.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1733.txt

        item: #627 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1734
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach by Quintan Wiktorowicz, ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004. 316 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 904
      flesch: 35
     summary: For this reason, both Tilly and Kurzman note that the study of Islamic social movements is not just a one way street – applying theoretical insights in social movement theory derived from the study of non-Muslims to Islamic activists. Such is the isolation of Islamic studies from theoretical developments in other fields that it was not until the turn of the twenty-first century that schol- 108 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1 ars began to study Islamic activists from the vantage point of state-of-the art insights on social movements.
    keywords: islamic; movement; social
       cache: ajiss-1734.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1734.txt

        item: #628 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1735
      author: Khan, Shahnaz
       title: The Idea of Woman in Fundamentalist Islam: By Lamia Rustum Shehadeh (Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 2004. 321 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1367
      flesch: 55
     summary: An unproblematic use of the word fundamentalism might conflate the writings of Hassan al-Banna with those of Fazul-Rehman and Riffat Hassan (two revivalists whose views are not discussed in this book). At other times they challenge the state, as in Tunisia.
    keywords: book; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1735.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1735.txt

        item: #629 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1736
      author: Hojati, Zahra
       title: Voices from Iran: The Changing Lives of Iranian Women by Mahnaz Kousha (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2002. 244 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1157
      flesch: 53
     summary: The plight of Iranian girls is greatly hindered not only by their parents’ inability to communicate effectively, but also due to the fact that they are part of a society that does not allow young women to interact freely with young men. Even though the work can be considered a valuable piece in that it serves as a medium through which the voices of Iranian women can be heard, it does not necessarily reflect the experiences of all women due to the limitation of the research itself (region, language, religion).
    keywords: iran; participants; women
       cache: ajiss-1736.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1736.txt

        item: #630 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1737
      author: Neegan, Erica
       title: Terror, Counter-Terror: Women Speak Out by Ammu Joseph and Kalpana Sharma, eds. (London and New York: Zed Books, 2003. 283 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1262
      flesch: 58
     summary: In the final section, “Women against War,” several women and women’s organizations speak out against war: Barbara Lee (an African American woman), the Violence against Women in War Network in Japan, Women Living under Muslim Laws, Rigoberta Menchu (a Quiche Mayan woman and Noble Peace Prize win- ner Terror, Counter-Terror: Women Speak Out presents articles by several women writers and women’s organizations.
    keywords: book; section; war; women
       cache: ajiss-1737.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1737.txt

        item: #631 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1738
      author: Farhoumand-Sims, Cheshmak
       title: With All Our Strength: The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan by Anne E. Brodsky (New York and London: Routledge, 2003. 318 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1098
      flesch: 46
     summary: They did not approve of RAWA’s mili- tant and secular feminist approach, and were troubled that it was being seen in the international community – especially in the United States – as repre- senting their interests and goals as Afghan women. She provides a good review of its philosophy and workings through an impressive number of interviews and personal observations gained while living and traveling with RAWA members.
    keywords: rawa; women
       cache: ajiss-1738.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1738.txt

        item: #632 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1739
      author: Muhibullah, Ja’far
       title: A War on Terror: Afghanistan and After by Paul Rogers (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2004. 210 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 895
      flesch: 50
     summary: the US is failing to understand the root causes of the support for para- military organizations like al-Qaida and, in turn, is failing to offer any real solution for undercutting them and establishing real global security. It is with this intellectual back- ground that he intends to analyze and understand what is happening in the Middle East (as events occur vis-à-vis “real time”) and predict future impli- cations of Bush’s “war on terror” (p. 2).
    keywords: book; war
       cache: ajiss-1739.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1739.txt

        item: #633 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1740
      author: Khan, Shaza
       title: Muslims in the United States: The State of Research by Karen Isaksen Leonard (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003. 199 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 958
      flesch: 47
     summary: Given that many Muslims throughout the world actually believe in the presence and reality of a universal ummah, this argument and its proofs are incredibly important to contemporary Islamic thought. She identifies three sets of issues that have his- 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1 torically arisen in research and theory building on Muslims in the United States: legitimacy as it relates to African-American Muslim movements, the problem of religious authority in the smaller national-origin and sectar- ian communities, and the lack of research on the lives of “un-mosqued,” “invisible,” or secular Muslims.
    keywords: muslims; states; united
       cache: ajiss-1740.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1740.txt

        item: #634 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1741
      author: Sarroub, Loukia K.
       title: Arab-American Faces and Voices: The Origins of an Immigrant Community by Elizabeth Boosahda (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. 288 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 847
      flesch: 43
     summary: Arab-American Faces and Voices: The Origins of an Immigrant Community offers a detailed history of the lives of Arab immigrants in 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22:1 Worcester, Massachusetts. The annotated suggested reading list and the list of organi- zations, collections, and exhibits provide excellent resources and docu- mentation of Arab community life and activism in the United States.
    keywords: arab; book; community
       cache: ajiss-1741.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1741.txt

        item: #635 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1742
      author: Asgharzadeh, Alireza
       title: Another Sea, Another Shore: Persian Stories of Migration by Shouleh Vatanabadi and Mohammad Mehdi Khorrami, trans. and eds. (Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2004. 242 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1123
      flesch: 46
     summary: For the first time in the history of Persian literature, themes of identity, nationality, race, and language are explored as markers of differentiation, distinction, and othering. Most critics of modern Persian literature would agree that the emergent Iranian diaspora literature is both rearticulating and challenging traditional Persian narratives of identity, nationality, nation-state, and homeland.
    keywords: language; literature; persian
       cache: ajiss-1742.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1742.txt

        item: #636 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1743
      author: Shakir, Imam Zaid
       title: Reflections on the Tsunami
        date: 2005.0
       words: 2114
      flesch: 72
     summary: Perhaps, by so doing we can see the wisdom of God as it manifests itself in events such as the recent tsunami. This world, as God repeatedly informs us in the Qur’an, is the abode of trials and tribulations.
    keywords: god; qur’an; tests; world
       cache: ajiss-1743.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1743.txt

        item: #637 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1744
      author: Ali, Tahir
       title: Beware of Rand Robots
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1259
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, there is one impor- tant difference between Muslim neo-cons and Rand robots: The Muslim neo-cons do not attack Islam or the Prophet of Islam; the Rand robots do. Remember that in a war of wits, the mind is the ultimate target. A while back, the Rand Corporation, a semi-autonomous think tank, issued a report titled Civil Democratic Islam: Partners, Resources, and Strategies authored by Cheryl Benard (http://www.rand.org/publica- tions/MR/MR1716/MR1716.pdf).
    keywords: american; islam; muslim; rand
       cache: ajiss-1744.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1744.txt

        item: #638 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1745
      author: Solak, Necva
       title: Revisioning Modernity: Challenges and Possibilities for Islam
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1439
      flesch: 28
     summary: Jasmin Zine (University of Toronto, Canada) spoke about the Orientalist image of Muslim women, noting that their bodies and identities historically have been scripted in order to control them. Finally, the three winners of the “AMSS Best Graduate Paper Awards” received their due recognition: Bilal Ibrahim (University of Waterloo, Canada), “The Rationalist School of Law: Roots of Reform in Traditional Islamic Law (first place); Ali Hassan Zaidi (York University, Canada), “Islam and Modernity and the Promise of a Dialogical Understanding” (second place); and Md. Saidul Islam (York University, Canada), “Knowledge/Power Regime: The Global Politics of Development and Governance” (third place).
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; university; women
       cache: ajiss-1745.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1745.txt

        item: #639 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1746
      author: Mazid, Nergis
       title: Inscriptions: Decoding Politics, Gender, and Culture in Epistemologies and Praxis
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1298
      flesch: 32
     summary: Maliha Chisti (University of Toronto, Canada) and Chesmak Farhoumand-Sims (York University, Canada) examined the trends and impact of the transnational movement and global sisterhood on program- ming for Afghani women. Tying into the demographics, Tabassum Ruby (York University, Canada) posited questions about Muslim immigrant women and identity.
    keywords: canada; muslim; toronto; university; women
       cache: ajiss-1746.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1746.txt

        item: #640 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1747
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Muslims and Islam in the Twenty-first Century: Image and Reality
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1075
      flesch: 34
     summary: Day three started with parallel sessions on “Muslim Identity,” “Islam, Democracy, and Politics,” “Open Session/Free Papers,” and “Education and Creativity,” followed by a panel discussion on “Contemporary Image of Muslims in the West.” Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 147 Muslims and Islam in the Twenty-first Century: Image and Reality The Muslim world remains embroiled in a whole host of religious, social, political, economic, and cultural disputes.
    keywords: conference; iium; islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1747.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1747.txt

        item: #641 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1748
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1440
      flesch: 55
     summary: A month when Muslims abstain from food and drink between sunrise and sunset is bound to bring to the fore questions of identity, especially for Muslims living in non-Muslim societies. Understanding how these issues played themselves out historically in Muslim communities is important for those of us Muslims who grow up or embrace Islam having only vague notions about the glorious Islamic past – it helps us to under- stand the rifts in our ummah today.
    keywords: alkhateeb; american; community; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1748.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1748.txt

        item: #642 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1749
      author: Karim, Karim H.
       title: Islam in the Digital Age: E-Jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments by Gary R. Bunt (London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 2003. 237 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1026
      flesch: 51
     summary: Muslim Internet users often seek answers to queries regarding the practice of Islamic beliefs in contemporary societies, including ethical issues that are common outside of traditional Muslim societies. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:4 The author views the spiritual striving aspects of e-jihad as expressed in the issuing of online fatwas and the militaristic aspects in hacking and cracking of other websites.
    keywords: internet; islamic; muslim; online
       cache: ajiss-1749.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1749.txt

        item: #643 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1750
      author: Zaidi, Ali Hassan
       title: Islam, Postmodernism and Other Futures: A Ziauddin Sardar Reader by Sohail Inayatullah and Gail Boxwell, eds. (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2003. 374 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1102
      flesch: 44
     summary: For instance, on the extreme end of the reformist current, Mohammed Arkoun (who also has a book entitled Rethinking Islam) argues that the insights of the modern human sciences compels Muslims to rethink Islam to such an extent as to question the very status of the divinely inspired Qur’anic mushaf. Followers of the Islamization of Knowledge project probably know the work of Ziauddin Sardar best for its trenchant critique of that project.
    keywords: chapter; islam; sardar
       cache: ajiss-1750.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1750.txt

        item: #644 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1751
      author: Hakeem, Farrukh B.
       title: International Human Rights and Islamic Law: by Mashood A. Baderin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. 279 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 982
      flesch: 29
     summary: Two questions are examined: (1) Are international human rights and Islamic aw compatible? and (2) Can Muslim states comply with international human rights law while they adhere to Islamic law? According to Mayer, modern Islamic human rights schemes are dubi- ous, because they borrow their substance from international human rights but use Islamic law to limit human rights applications.
    keywords: baderin; law; rights
       cache: ajiss-1751.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1751.txt

        item: #645 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1752
      author: Kersten, Carool
       title: Political Islam in Southeast Asia: Moderates, Radicals and Terrorists by Angel M. Rabasa (London: Oxford University for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2003. 82 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1136
      flesch: 40
     summary: A further polarizing element in Southeast Asian Islam is the Arabization process carried out by Wahhabi-inspired movements and with financial support from the Middle East. Before elaborating on these issues, the writer provides a bird’s eye view of the historical diversity of Southeast Asian Islam.
    keywords: indonesia; islam; muslim; rabasa; southeast
       cache: ajiss-1752.pdf
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        item: #646 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1753
      author: Asgharzadeh, Alireza
       title: Intellectuals and the State in Iran: Politics, Discourse, and the Dilemma of Authenticity by Negin Nabavi (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2003. 221 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1136
      flesch: 42
     summary: As a result, such intellectuals as Samad Behrangi are not even discussed. Here she explores the emergence of what she calls “the Third-Worldist intellectual” and the cooptation of a great number of intellectuals by the Pahlavi regime .
    keywords: intellectuals; nabavi; persian
       cache: ajiss-1753.pdf
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        item: #647 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1754
      author: Mir, Shabana
       title: The Muslim Veil in North America: Issues and Debates by Sajida Alvi, Homa Hoodfar, and Sheila McDonough, eds. (Toronto: Women's Press, 2003. 306 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1042
      flesch: 51
     summary: In terms of part 1, such fundamental statements as “Muslim women are diverse” and “the veil can be empowering” are important for a lay reader- ship. Reem A. Meshal, in “Banners of Faith and Identities in Construct,” examines the results of a survey, showing how Muslim women appear to use the hijab as a banner of faith.
    keywords: muslim; veil; women
       cache: ajiss-1754.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1754.txt

        item: #648 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1755
      author: Nazim, Zabeda
       title: Of Silk Saris and Mini-Skirts: South Asian Girls Walk the Tightrope of Culture by Amita Handa (Toronto: Women’s Press, 2003. 211 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1199
      flesch: 43
     summary: This is a glaring omission, for Bollywood has been, and continues to be, one of the most powerful forms of popular culture used to create and shape South Asian identities, particularly those of women. Using articles from Canadian mainstream media, discussions with Canada’s South Asian community, and interviews with young second-gen- eration South Asian women about their relationships with school and fam- ily during the early to mid-1990s, Handa sets out to contest the dominant culture clash model that has been used to explain how South Asian adoles- cents are “torn” or “caught” between the values of “traditional” (South Asian) and “modern” (Canadian) culture.
    keywords: asian; south; women
       cache: ajiss-1755.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1755.txt

        item: #649 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1756
      author: Bahramitash, Roksana
       title: The Making of the Modern Iranian Women: Gender, State Policy, and Popular Culture, 1865-1946 by Camron Michael Amin (Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 2002. 320 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1184
      flesch: 43
     summary: Meanwhile, the Babist Kermani, who called Iranian women “the living dead,” saw their enslavement as the result of the corrupted Arab culture transmitted through Islam. The site is an example of the extent to which Iranian women participate in the country’s public and civic life.
    keywords: amin; book; iran; women
       cache: ajiss-1756.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1756.txt

        item: #650 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1757
      author: Quadri, Junaid
       title: The Crisis of Muslim History: Religion and Politics in Early Islam by Mahmoud M. Ayoub (Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications, 2003. 179 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1097
      flesch: 44
     summary: Similarly, Abu Bakr’s egalitarian dis- tribution of wealth (p. 28) and `Umar’s principled refusal to designate his son as successor (pp. 87-88) are noticed by the reader to be in stark contrast with `Uthman’s preferential treatment of his Umayyad kinsmen (p. 54), a development that Ayoub considers an example of the evolving emphasis on the “power, rather than the moral persuasion, of the caliph” (p. 54). Ayoub envisions his work as filling a void found in most general intro- ductions to Islam, which for all their other merits, often fail to provide a clear account of this formative period of Islamic history.
    keywords: ayoub; history
       cache: ajiss-1757.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1757.txt

        item: #651 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1758
      author: Hartman, Michelle
       title: Short Arabic Plays: An Anthology by Salma Khadra Jayyusi, ed. (Northampton, MA: Interlink Books, 2003. 466 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1116
      flesch: 46
     summary: 466 pages Like most of the other anthologies edited by Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Short Arabic Plays is a collection of translated Arabic literary works focused around one particular genre. This missing information is particularly problematic in the case of Short Arabic Plays, because it treats such a little-known genre.
    keywords: anthology; arabic; jayyusi; plays
       cache: ajiss-1758.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1758.txt

        item: #652 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1759
      author: Friedemann, Karin M.
       title: Flowers of Galilee: The Collected Essays of Israel Shamir by Israel Shamir (Tempe, Arizona: Dandelion Books, 2004. 304 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 968
      flesch: 57
     summary: The author debunks the myth of Islamic terror, pointing to the anti- Gentile polemic embedded in Jewish discourse. Jewish equal rights activists were steered into Zionism and became enemies to those blacks who rejected Jewish supremacy.
    keywords: author; jews; shamir
       cache: ajiss-1759.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1759.txt

        item: #653 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1760
      author: Eum, Ikran
       title: Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender by Beshara Doumani, ed. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. 340 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1003
      flesch: 40
     summary: The third section, “Family and the Praxis of Islamic Law,” reconstitutes the family and the relations of family members in the legal arena. It is likely to stimulate interest in the study of family histories among ordinary people in the Middle East and, at the same time, open up new possibilities for future research.
    keywords: family; middle; studies
       cache: ajiss-1760.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1760.txt

        item: #654 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1761
      author: Harmsen, Egbert
       title: Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts: By Michael Bonner, Mine Ener, and Amy Singer, eds. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. 345 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1110
      flesch: 39
     summary: Readers interested in the present upsurge of Islamic voluntary welfare activism could use this work in conjunction with anthropological and political science studies written by such authors as Dennis J. Sullivan, Janine A. Clark, Quintan Wiktorowicz, and Jonathan Benthall. Possibly, the earliest form of institutionalized charity in Islamic history is the collection and distribu- tion of zakat.
    keywords: charity; islamic; ottoman; social
       cache: ajiss-1761.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1761.txt

        item: #655 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1762
      author: Rustom, Mohammed
       title: An Introduction to Islam: By David Waines (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 2d ed., 367 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 861
      flesch: 45
     summary: The book also includes a map that features the most important cities in Islamic civilization, along with more than 20 black-and-white photographs of the many cultural faces of Islam, the different types of mosques found throughout the Muslim world, and several exquisite stylized pages from the Qur’an. With remarkable ease and accuracy, the author elucidates the historical development and main features of Islamic law in both its the- ory and practice.
    keywords: book; islamic; waines
       cache: ajiss-1762.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1762.txt

        item: #656 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1763
      author: Khalil, Atif
       title: The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria: By Josef Meri (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. 327 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1353
      flesch: 54
     summary: Although the concentration of the comparative analysis tilts toward the Islamic side (the author notes that the evidence for Jewish saint veneration is considerably less), he still manages to explore the parallel concepts, reli- gious practices, and architectural facets relevant to his analysis with rea- sonable success. Meri highlights some of the key arguments of both the conservative (e.g., Ibn `Aqil, Ibn Taymiyya, and Ibn al-Qayyim) and more liberal (al- Ghazali) camps.
    keywords: ibn; meri; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1763.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1763.txt

        item: #657 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1764
      author: Oka, Kayleen U.
       title: Ethnicity and Nationalism: By Thomas Hylland Eriksen (London: Pluto Press, 2002. 2d. ed., 199 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1074
      flesch: 40
     summary: Moving from a behaviorist point of view to an examination of individ- ual perspectives of ethnic identity, chapter 4 focuses on how attachment and loyalty to ethnic groups are created and maintained through ideology. In the following chapter, the author examines the social organization of cultural distinctiveness by asking how ethnic groups develop, which ends they serve, and how they are reproduced through time.
    keywords: chapter; identity; social
       cache: ajiss-1764.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1764.txt

        item: #658 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1765
      author: O’Shea-Meddour, Wendy
       title: Interview with Yvonne Ridley
        date: 2004.0
       words: 2485
      flesch: 70
     summary: When I went to Pakistan in September 2001 to cover the build up to war, I deliberately checked into a hotel away from British journalists. To compete with men on equal terms in western society many women have sacrificed motherhood for their careers and that is a shame.
    keywords: islam; meddour; muslims; o’shea; ridley
       cache: ajiss-1765.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1765.txt

        item: #659 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1766
      author: Farhoumand-Sims, Cheshmak
       title: International Conference on “The Making of the Islamic Diaspora”
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1294
      flesch: 35
     summary: The conference’s panels discussed themes related to identity forma- tion, gender in diaspora, fundamentalism and human rights, the diaspora experience, and the media and representation. Meyer suggested that the univer- sality versus cultural relativism debate is particularly relevant to the hijab controversy, and reminds us that human rights is about freedom of choice.
    keywords: conference; diaspora; rights; women
       cache: ajiss-1766.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1766.txt

        item: #660 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1767
      author: Convention Reporters Committee, ISNA 
       title: Islam: Dialogue, Devotion, and Development
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1219
      flesch: 57
     summary: Frederick Thaufeer al-Deen and Aneesah Nadir pointed out the need for more Muslims and imams to get involved as social workers, counselors, and therapists. Farhan A. Syed decided to do something about the lack of support structure available for new Muslims and devel- oped a 14-week course consisting of free CDs on basic Islamic topics.
    keywords: american; community; dialogue; islamic; muslim; rights
       cache: ajiss-1767.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1767.txt

        item: #661 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1768
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Mediterranean Architecture
        date: 2004.0
       words: 880
      flesch: 30
     summary: The following themes were discussed: the social impact on Mediterranean architecture, technology and crafts, urbanism and development, landscape and environ- ment, trends in current architecture, and heritage conservation. Papers explored ideas of cultural identity in architecture, vernacular approaches of particular areas of the basin, and even questioned the term Mediterranean architecture itself as being authentic or mythical.
    keywords: architecture; mediterranean; university
       cache: ajiss-1768.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1768.txt

        item: #662 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1769
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1787
      flesch: 50
     summary: The normalization of anti-Muslim sentiment is thus a dangerous trend that has, in the very recent past, led to ethnic cleansing. Soon after 9/11, many bookstores and popular websites, among them www.amazon.com, stocked up on Islam-bashing books whose main arguments were that Islam posed numerous threats to the United States, in particular, and to the West in general.
    keywords: books; islam; islamophobia; issue; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1769.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1769.txt

        item: #663 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1770
      author: Ahmad, Ahrar
       title: Warraq’s War: A Critical Review
        date: 2004.0
       words: 4752
      flesch: 53
     summary: The problems and pathologies that certain parts of the Islamic world are currently confronting are not a result of “fundamentalist Islam,” but have their roots in Islam itself. Islam privileges the concept of “intention” over action or consequence.
    keywords: book; fact; ibn; islam; jews; muhammad; muslims; people; warraq
       cache: ajiss-1770.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1770.txt

        item: #664 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1771
      author: Opini, Bathseba M.
       title: After Shock: September 11, 2001 – Global Feminist Perspectives by Susan Hawthorne and Brownwyn Winter, eds. (Toronto: Raincoast Books, 2003. 557 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1266
      flesch: 48
     summary: The last essay in the book, “If Women Really Mattered …,” discusses the devastating condition of women and children in Afghanistan. Jennie Ruby rebuffs the idea that bombing Afghanistan is a war to empower Afghan women by calling it a war against fundamentalist patriarchy and American capitalist patriarchy (p. 178).
    keywords: afghanistan; terrorism; war; women
       cache: ajiss-1771.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1771.txt

        item: #665 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1772
      author: Kabba, Munya G.
       title: Losing Control: Global Security in the Twenty-first Century by Paul Rogers (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2002. 2d. ed., 184 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 872
      flesch: 48
     summary: Its specialization is in the subfield of international security, with a critique of the realist par- adigm – or power and control orientation in international politics. In short, what Rogers sees as replacing the old paradox (the cold war) for the present one (“violent peace”) is actually a continuation of 134 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3 Book Reviews 135 the same strategic logic in international politics: Both paradoxes emphasize the armed resolution of conflict.
    keywords: paradigm; rogers; security
       cache: ajiss-1772.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1772.txt

        item: #666 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1773
      author: Chishti, Maliha
       title: Western Supremacy: The Triumph of an Idea? by Sophie Bessis (London: Zed Books, 2003. 238 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1200
      flesch: 41
     summary: According to the author, the West’s inability to embrace pluralism and multivocality undermines its very strength and the rightful existence and legitimate place that non-western peoples have in the world. Bessis contends that the West, unlike other empires of the past, is the only one to have produced a theoretical (philosophical, moral, and scien- tific) apparatus to legitimate its supremacy and hegemony around the world.
    keywords: bessis; west; world
       cache: ajiss-1773.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1773.txt

        item: #667 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1774
      author: Ahmad, Imad A.
       title: Enemy Aliens: Double Standards and Constitutional Freedoms in the War on Terrorism by David Cole (New York: The New Press, 2003. 316 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1271
      flesch: 51
     summary: Cole is rightly concerned that any measure of safety yielded by double standards is more than offset by a loss of credibility (p. 207). Within weeks of 9/11, John Ashcroft had rounded up over 1,000 for- eigners (mainly Muslims and/or Arabs, not one of whom was charged with terrorism) for “preventative detention,” a program “shrouded in mystery,” (p. 25) despite the fact that “most of the judges who have reviewed the govern- ment’s secrecy policy have found it unlawful” (p. 30).
    keywords: cole; government; terrorism
       cache: ajiss-1774.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1774.txt

        item: #668 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1775
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Fear and Anxiety in the Arab World: By Michel G. Nehme (Gainesville, USA: University Press of Florida, 2003. 200 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1161
      flesch: 48
     summary: Compelled to explain authoritarianism, ethnic and minority uprisings, and religious fundamentalism in the Middle East, he opines that Arab fears are like an “obsessional or paranoid system translated into methods where- by normal feelings of sympathy are denatured, numbed, or killed so that people can act with cruelty toward others. ... Nehme is so fixated on Freud that, in chapter 4, he attempts to explain Arab nationalism in Freudian terms.
    keywords: arabs; world
       cache: ajiss-1775.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1775.txt

        item: #669 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1776
      author: Mozaffar, Omer M.
       title: The Arab Mind: By Raphael Patai Long Island City, (New York: Hatherleigh Press, 2002. rev. ed. 466 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1013
      flesch: 54
     summary: I have not discussed the largest sections of his book, his portrayal of the savage intensity of Arab sexuality and his reductionist analysis of Arabic stagnation, because the former is the most famous aspect of his text and the latter contains little analysis and many quotations. In his opinion, Bedouins are a foundation for Arab society, ethos, and mythology.
    keywords: arab; book; patai
       cache: ajiss-1776.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1776.txt

        item: #670 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1777
      author: Bonnefoy, Laurent
       title: Islamic Peril: Media and Global Violence by Karim H. Karim (Montréal: Black Rose, 2003. 208 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1025
      flesch: 38
     summary: Karim studies what could be called the “Islamization of representa- tions”: the social construction of the linkage between facts of violence that are historically and sociologically rooted and the notion of Islam as an essence. Nevertheless, the author’s starting point and conclusions do not differ from those that Edward Said conceptualized in Covering Islam (1981) and, to some extent, in Orientalism (1978).
    keywords: islam; karim; media
       cache: ajiss-1777.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1777.txt

        item: #671 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1778
      author: Ahmad, Imad A. 
       title: Islam and Dhimmitude: Where Civilizations Collide by Bat Ye’or; tr. Miriam Kochan and David Littman (Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2002. 528 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1150
      flesch: 50
     summary: Islam and Dhimmitude is an attempt to confute the concept of “protected minority” (under which Islamic civilization established what was, up to its time, the most successful model of pluralistic society) with the worst aber- rations from that model. The book’s first half is devoted to proposing a paradigm in which Qur’anic verses in favor of human rights are ignored, official acts to the benefit of dhimmis are brushed off as machinations to breed resentment between dhimmi groups, and injustices against Muslims are figments of the imagination invented to whitewash the Islamic master plan for subjugating the non-Islamic world into a state of dhimmitude.
    keywords: christians; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1778.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1778.txt

        item: #672 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1779
      author: Reda, Nevin
       title: Beyond Veil and Holy War: Islamic Teachings and Muslim Practices with Biblical Comparisons by Saleem Ahmed (Honolulu: Moving Pen Publishers, 2002. 224 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 987
      flesch: 57
     summary: Written in a question-and-answer format, the book answers many of these questions and calls for ijtihad, or objective soul-searching, in order to differentiate between behaviors that Islam preaches and the practices that some Muslims follow. The book presents an Islam that celebrates religious pluralism and is compassionate toward human weaknesses.
    keywords: author; islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1779.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1779.txt

        item: #673 of 2426
          id: ajiss-178
      author: Warren, David H.
       title: For the good of the Nation: The New Horizon of Expectations in Rifaʿa al-Tahtawi’s Reading of the Islamic Political Tradition
        date: 2017.0
       words: 11044
      flesch: 52
     summary: ajiss34-4-noconfrep_ajiss 11/3/2017 9:31 AM Page 30 lamic tradition as a framework for inquiry rather than as a set of doctrines, then we should recognize that al-Tahtawi and his peers’ new concern for the futurity of the nation represented a key addi- tion to this framework. That mission was to bring Al- geria into history, or rather to bring it into a particular understanding of his- tory as the forward march of progress led by Europe.3 In Egypt, by the time al-Tahtawi was writing his two major works on political theory, Manāhij al-Albāb al-Miṣriyyah fī Mabāhij al-Ādāb al-ʿAṣriyyah
    keywords: ajiss34; community; egyptian; freedom; good; homeland; islamic; muslim; nation; page; progress; public; ruler; state; tahtawi; time; tradition
       cache: ajiss-178.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-178.txt

        item: #674 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1780
      author: Bennison, Amira K.
       title: Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World by Carl W. Ernst (Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 244 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 911
      flesch: 50
     summary: Although primarily directed toward non-Muslims, whose essentialist media-driven assumptions about Islam are constantly lamented by Ernst, it is also of interest to the Muslim reading public as a refreshing depar- ture from standard accounts of Muslims and Islam. Instead, he stresses the importance of non-Muslims recognizing the diversity of faith and prac- tice in time and space that characterizes Islam, just as it does all other world religions.
    keywords: islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1780.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1780.txt

        item: #675 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1781
      author: Mazid, Nergis
       title: The Trouble with Islam: A Wake-Up Call for Honesty and Change by Irshad Manji (Toronto: Random House Canada, 2003. 247 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1074
      flesch: 54
     summary: Together the 247 pages charge that “[t]otalitarian impulses lurk in mainstream Islam” (p. 3, original emphasis) and reform is crucial for the world’s security. Muslims who promote Islam’s egalitarian message and reconcile contradictions by engaging in discourse and contextualizing the Qur’an, the Shari`ah, and the Hadith, or cite cultural influence to renounce stoning, rape laws, or discrimination are not, accord- ing to her, following mainstream Islam as they would like to think.
    keywords: islam; manji; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1781.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1781.txt

        item: #676 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1782
      author: Antonius, Rachad
       title: Sword of Islam: Muslim Extremism from the Arab Conquest to the Attack on America by John F. Murphy Jr. (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2002. 424 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1072
      flesch: 54
     summary: The author even denounces the stereotyped image of Arabs and Muslims that dominate the American scene, and the reader can find such passages as the one given below: Another factor which inflames Arab opinion – among Christian Arabs and Muslims (yes, there are Christian Arabs, not only in Syria and Lebanon but in Egypt as well) is the defamatory image of Arabs which continu- ally appears in American books, newspapers, on television, and in the movies. Book Reviews 161 One finds such errors or inaccuracies on almost every page.
    keywords: author; book; islam
       cache: ajiss-1782.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1782.txt

        item: #677 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1783
      author: Ali, Mikhail
       title: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Doctrine of Jihad: By A. J. Abraham (USA: Wyndham Hall Press, 2002. 118 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1050
      flesch: 32
     summary: Also, the premise of a “revolution in reverse” would be effective, had the link between the failures of secularism in the contemporary Islamic world and the conventional interpretation of Islamic doctrines been qualified, rather than epitomized as the funda- mentalists’ view of a penultimate, encroaching “cultural evolution of modern societies” (p. 114). A more compre- hensive analysis of Islamic fundamentalism as a continuum would strengthen his arguments.
    keywords: islamic; world
       cache: ajiss-1783.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1783.txt

        item: #678 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1784
      author: Mabrook, Ali
       title: Pride, Faith, and Fear: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa by Charlotte A. Quinn and Frederick Quinn (USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. 175 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 985
      flesch: 54
     summary: 164 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:3 Pride, Faith, and Fear: Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa Charlotte A. Quinn and Frederick Quinn USA: Oxford University Press, 2003. Addressing the crisis of Islam or of Muslims, in fact, the book does not neglect the glorious past of Islam in Africa.
    keywords: africa; book
       cache: ajiss-1784.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1784.txt

        item: #679 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1785
      author: Curtis, Maria F.
       title: The Infidel Within: Muslims in Britain since 1800 by Humayun Ansari (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2004. 406 pages.
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1000
      flesch: 37
     summary: It is perhaps in the variety of responses to this event that the distinctions among British Muslim communities become clear in a contemporary context. The underlying question of this book is, simply put, considering the many waves of Muslim immigration, intermarriage, and evidence of indige- nous conversion: Can there be a single British Muslim identity?
    keywords: britain; british; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1785.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1785.txt

        item: #680 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1786
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Caravanserai: Journey among Australian Muslims by Hanifa Deen (Australia: Fremantle Arts Centre Press, 2003. 400 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1037
      flesch: 65
     summary: Deen explores how a gang rape case in Sydney, in which 14 Lebanese-Australian boys gang raped seven white girls, became a lightening rod for Islamophobia, as part of the backlash by non-Muslim Australians to 9/11 and the Bali bombings. Non-Muslim Australians are gathered on their balconies, watching the spectacle.
    keywords: australia; book; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1786.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1786.txt

        item: #681 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1787
      author: Meddour, Wendy O’Shea
       title: Brick Lane: By Monica Ali (London: Doubleday, 2003. 369 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1065
      flesch: 59
     summary: Brick Lane perpetuates the myth that Muslim women can become assertive and confident only by becoming more westernized and less Muslim. Ali does not “capture” the “experience” of Muslim women in Britain; she just mobilizes familiar clichés that many are tired of hearing.
    keywords: ali; brick; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1787.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1787.txt

        item: #682 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1788
      author: Kaplan, Lisabeth; Roochnik, Paul
       title: The Jewish Obligation to Stand Up against Islamophobia in the United States
        date: 2004.0
       words: 2954
      flesch: 58
     summary: In Jewish teachings, both clauses – the world’s ethical perfection and the rule of God – are equally important. He espoused Kaplan and Roochnik: The Jewish Obligation to Stand Up 181 a view of Jewish education as an instrument for helping the individual find his/her place in the larger society of which he/she is a part. 15.
    keywords: american; god; jews; judaism; muslims; social; stranger; tradition
       cache: ajiss-1788.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1788.txt

        item: #683 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1789
      author: Regt, Marina de
       title: Legal and Practical Aspects of Participation by Women in Arab Societies
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1131
      flesch: 50
     summary: While the Arab Human Development Report states that many Arab women suffer from discrimination at work, al-Lamki’s research was less conclusive. Depending on location and historical moment, women activists have drawn inspiration from a wide array of sources, including both religious and sec- ular discourses.
    keywords: arab; conference; law; women
       cache: ajiss-1789.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1789.txt

        item: #684 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1790
      author: Dangor, Suleman
       title: An Interfaith Perspective on Globalization for the Common Good
        date: 2004.0
       words: 858
      flesch: 33
     summary: Josef Boehle (University of Birmingham, UK), David Coleman (Chaminade University of Honolulu, Hawaii), and Kathleen Kevany (United Nations University, Japan) proposed ways in which religion could contribute to the common good. Annick de Witt (University of Nijmegan, The Netherlands), Peter Milward SJ (Renaissance Institute, Sofia University, Japan), and Audrey Kitagawa (Advisor: Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict, United Nations) spoke on envi- ronmental issues.
    keywords: conference; globalization; good; university
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        item: #685 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1791
      author: Elrab, Sherry Gad
       title: Family and Households in History
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1186
      flesch: 52
     summary: The seminar also considered different family patterns in other parts of world. Dr. Nelly Hanna, chair of the Arab Studies department, welcomed the partici- pants and audience and explained that the sessions would cover the institu- tion of family from various perspectives and present its different roles and patterns throughout history.
    keywords: century; family; paper; university
       cache: ajiss-1791.pdf
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        item: #686 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1792
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1236
      flesch: 50
     summary: Muslim feminists have turned their attention to the changing status of Muslim women historically, and, in so doing, have discovered something rather surprising: Many entrenched practices in relation to women have their basis in later developments in the Muslim world, not in the practices of the first Muslim community. The cultural practices of women’s exclusion from masajid the world over leaves Islam open to the charge of not treating Muslim women equally (by not giving them the same access to sacred space as is given to men).
    keywords: islam; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1792.pdf
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        item: #687 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1793
      author: Nestel, Sheryl
       title: Israel and Palestine out of the Ashes: The Search for Jewish Identity in the Twenty-First Century by Marc H. Ellis (London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press, 2002. 198 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1063
      flesch: 45
     summary: In his most recent book, Israel and Palestine out of the Ashes, Jewish theologian Marc Ellis posits a more deeply consequential connection between Jewish history, Jewish ethics, and the occupation. Since the outbreak of the second Intifada in September 2000, however, Jewish anti-occupation activists have become a visible political presence in Jewish politics in the United States and Canada.
    keywords: ellis; israel; jews
       cache: ajiss-1793.pdf
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        item: #688 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1794
      author: Asgharzadeh, Alireza
       title: Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics by Nikki Keddie and Rudi Matthee, eds. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002. 393 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1211
      flesch: 40
     summary: Overall, Iran and the Surrounding World is an interdisciplinary source of information about Iranian politics and society that will appeal to all those concerned with developments in Iranian studies. This section explores such interesting notions as the evolving nature of Iranian nationalism, Iranian views about outsiders, nineteenth- century travel literature in Iran, and some impacts of earlier missionary girls’ schools in Iran.
    keywords: iran; politics; world
       cache: ajiss-1794.pdf
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        item: #689 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1795
      author: Caputo, Barbara
       title: Muslim Networks and Transnational Communities in and across Europe: By Stefano Allievi and Jorgen Nielsen, eds. (Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 2003. 332 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1205
      flesch: 42
     summary: According to two of the contributors, Mark Le Vine and Peter Mandaville, European Islam can develop alternative Muslim views that affect the native homelands of European Muslims and also contribute to the dynamic of self-perception and self-interpretation of Islam. Ironically, this definition looks similar to that of fundamentalists, who believe that religious identity is the Muslims’ pri- mary essence, despite the fact that one of the book’s main aims is to demon- strate that European Islam is tolerant and pluralistic.
    keywords: european; islam; muslim; networks
       cache: ajiss-1795.pdf
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        item: #690 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1796
      author: Khan, Shaza
       title: Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in the Middle East and Europe by John L. Esposito and François Burgat, eds. (Piscataway, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2003. 304 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1002
      flesch: 36
     summary: The term Islamist, he asserts, often serves to essentialize Muslim political activists by depicting them as a homogenous group comprised of Islamic militants. Modernizing Islam:
    keywords: islam; religion
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        item: #691 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1797
      author: Salem, Ahmed Ali
       title: Najd before the Salafi Reform Movement: Social, Political and Religious Conditions during the Three Centuries Preceding the Rise of the Saudi State by Uwaidah M. Al Juhany. (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, in association with the King Abdul Aziz Foundation for Research and Archives, Saudi Arabia, 2002. 223 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1038
      flesch: 49
     summary: The author correctly notes that pre-Salafi Najd (central Arabia) was neither a center of religious learn- ing nor the site of large urban communities, which might be expected to produce a reform movement of a size and significance of the Salafi move- ment. If Najd succeeded in producing such a great Islamic reform move- ment despite its extremely hard conditions, then no Muslim country can be excused from developing and nurturing Islamic reform movements on the same scale.
    keywords: movement; najd; salafi
       cache: ajiss-1797.pdf
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        item: #692 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1798
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: The New Politics of Islam: Pan-Islamic Foreign Policy in a World of States by Naveed S. Sheikh (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003. 206 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1141
      flesch: 45
     summary: One cannot but won- der if such is how a work about Islam ought to be, for what is at stake here is not Sheikh’s critique of Muslim states’ policies or of the OIC (much of which is sound, warranted, and insightful), but basically the consolidation of the power hierarchy’s binary relationship between social theory and Islamic narratives. Moreover, while some countries have fared better than others in guarding their independence, Sheikh lumps together Saudi Arabia, which “owes its very existence … to Western policy” (p. 46) and the client state of Pakistan on the one hand, 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:2 and Iran on the other, as cases of failed Islamic policies.
    keywords: islamic; policy
       cache: ajiss-1798.pdf
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        item: #693 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1799
      author: Nazim, Zabeda
       title: No Shame for the Sun: Lives of Professional Pakistani Women by Shahla Haeri (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2002. 454 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1105
      flesch: 41
     summary: The book’s preface spells out its main purpose: to render visible the experiences of professional Pakistani women within the larger goal of dis- rupting the dominant western stereotypes and beliefs of Muslim women. Situated against Pakistan’s changing social, political, economic, cultural, and religious landscapes, their successes, costs, and struggles “challenge the notion of a ‘hegemonic’ and monolithic Islam that victimizes Muslim women” (p. xi).
    keywords: book; haeri; women
       cache: ajiss-1799.pdf
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        item: #694 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1800
      author: Khattab, Huda
       title: Islam Our Choice: Portraits of Modern American Muslim Women by Debra L. Dirks & Stephanie Parlove, eds. (USA: amana publications, 2003. 298 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 752
      flesch: 55
     summary: Islam Our Choice, aimed primarily at non-Muslim Americans, tells the stories of fellow Americans who have chosen to follow a different path but who are still Americans. It is now well known that there are Jewish, Latinos/Latinas, and Native American converts, and, hopefully, their stories will be told in the near future in order to present a fuller picture of how Islam is reaching all sections of American society.
    keywords: book; islam
       cache: ajiss-1800.pdf
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        item: #695 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1801
      author: Hartman, Michelle
       title: The Poetics of Islamic Legitimacy: Myth, Gender, and Ceremony in the Classical Arabic Ode by Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002. 383 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1119
      flesch: 42
     summary: Its rigorous approach to reading poetry and specific interest in the ways in which Arabo-Islamic authority was created and maintained means that it will be of interest to scholars in an array of disci- plines in Islamic studies, especially historians. In The Poetics of Islamic Legitimacy, Suzanne Pinckney Stetkevych effectively debunks the myth that the classical Arabic panegyric ode 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:2 (qasidat al-madh) is merely a descriptive, prescriptive, or sycophantic poetic genre by demonstrating its dynamic engagements with what she terms “Arabo-Islamic court life.”
    keywords: book; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1801.pdf
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        item: #696 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1802
      author: Shahjahan, Riyad
       title: The Muslim Mind on Trial: Divine Revelation vs. Secular Rationalism by Abdessalam Yassine; tr. Muhtar Holland (Iowa City: Justice and Spirituality Publishing, 2003. 98 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1082
      flesch: 56
     summary: The book has some relevance to Islamic thought, as there is very little literature on knowledge production from an Islamic standpoint, and does make a contribution to that area. Abdessalam Yassine, a Moroccan Qur’anic scholar, passionately argues that Muslims need to return to the Qur’anic revelation and the prophetic method of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in order to resurrect the Muslim mind and worldview, which are currently subjugated to secular western thought.
    keywords: mind; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1802.pdf
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        item: #697 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1803
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: Islamic Historiography: By Chase F. Robinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 264 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1068
      flesch: 42
     summary: In part because of such works, many earlier historical monographs, including the works of such historians as Abu Mikhnaf and al-Mada’ini, were abandoned by the tra- dition as unnecessary. Islamic historians wrote within a theocentric ideological framework.
    keywords: historians; islamic; works
       cache: ajiss-1803.pdf
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        item: #698 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1804
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: Excellence and Precedence: Medieval Islamic Discourse on Legitimate Leadership by Asma Afsaruddin (Leiden, The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 2002. 322 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1105
      flesch: 47
     summary: The theologian al-Baghdadi defined the Ahl al-Sunnah as “those who showed preference (tafdil) for Abu Bakr, `Umar, and those who were after him, even though they differed with regard to the respective merits of `Ali and `Uthman” (p. 20). It analyzes Bina’ al-Maqalah al-Fatimiyah fi Naqd al-Risalah al- `Uthmaniyah, a seventh-/thirteenth-century polemical Shi`ite work on the imamate, itself a refutation of a third-/ninth-century polemical work.
    keywords: ali; excellence
       cache: ajiss-1804.pdf
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        item: #699 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1805
      author: Bilici, Mucahit
       title: Cultural Diversity and Islam: By Abdul Aziz Said and Meena Sharify-Funk, eds. (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 2003. 240 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1102
      flesch: 42
     summary: As a compilation of papers presented at an international conference (1998) on “Cultural Diversity and Islam” at American University in Washington, DC, this volume brings together the contributions of a wide array of schol- ars. The first section, “Cultural Diversity in Civilizational Perspective,” provides a macro (and at times comparative) perspective on Islam and diversity.
    keywords: chapter; diversity; islam
       cache: ajiss-1805.pdf
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        item: #700 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1806
      author: Afzaal, Ahmed
       title: The Flame of Sinai: Hope and Vision in Iqbal by Sheila McDonough (Lahore: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2002, 249 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1183
      flesch: 42
     summary: Sheila McDonough’s new book on Muhammad Iqbal (1877- 1938) can be approached with reference to this particular discourse, for the question of Islam and modernity was perhaps the most important factor that motivated and shaped Iqbal’s creative output – a body of ideas whose rev- elance has tremendously increased in the six decades since his death. The Flame of Sinai: Hope and Vision in Iqbal Sheila McDonough Lahore: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 2002, 249 pages.
    keywords: iqbal; mcdonough; modernity
       cache: ajiss-1806.pdf
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        item: #701 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1807
      author: Tourage, Mahdi
       title: Kernel of the Kernel, Concerning the Wayfaring and Spiritual Journey of the People of Intellect, A Shi`i Approach to Sufism: By Sayyid Muhammad Husyan Husayni Tihrani, ed. Mohammad H. Faghfoory, trans. (New York: State University of New York Press, 2003. 149 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1033
      flesch: 48
     summary: Allamah Tihrani begins by discussing the complementary relationship between Islam’s exoteric and esoteric aspects, and argues that the straight path means combining both of these aspects. Whereas usually not much is known about the personal lives of the authors writing in this genre, the translator’s introduction provides an interesting examination of the intellectual life and political activities of Allamah Tihrani, who lived during one of Iran’s most turbulent historical periods.
    keywords: allamah; kernel; tihrani
       cache: ajiss-1807.pdf
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        item: #702 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1808
      author: Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah
       title: Violence and Muslims
        date: 2004.0
       words: 2700
      flesch: 58
     summary: Given these new realities, many Muslims claim that the United States wants to suppress and wipe out all such groups, as well as any trends that it considers harmful to its hegemonic aspirations, espe- cially those countries or groups that do not want to Americanize themselves. During the communal riots in India, when Muslims protect innocent non-Muslims, non-Muslims also protect innocent Muslims against the members of their own community.
    keywords: aggression; islam; muslims; people; violence
       cache: ajiss-1808.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1808.txt

        item: #703 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1809
      author: Malik, Abdul-Rehman
       title: The AMSS (UK) Fifth Annual Conference: Fiqh Today: Muslims as Minorities
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1461
      flesch: 41
     summary: He challenged participants to work for a “comprehensive methodology of minority fiqh” drawing on the past, but not being afraid to be innovative. We must embrace citizenship, see minority fiqh in light of these new civic realities, and realize that promoting Islam in existing plural space connects the spiri- tual teaching to its essential universalism and humanism.
    keywords: fiqh; islamic; minority; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1809.pdf
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        item: #704 of 2426
          id: ajiss-181
      author: Brown, Jonathan
       title: A Pre-Modern Defense of the Hadiths on Sodomy: An Annotated Translation and Analysis of al-Suyuti’s Attaining the Hoped-for in Service of the Messenger (s)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 23227
      flesch: 75
     summary: A hadith in Ibn Hanbal’s Musnad refers to anal sex with one’s wife as “the lesser liwāṭ” (al-lūṭīyah al-ṣughrā), and this wording is attested 16 Meanwhile, the Indian scholar ʿAli b. ʿAbd al-Malik al-Muttaqi al-Hindi (d. 975/ 1567) built on al- Suyuti’s Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaghīr.
    keywords: abi; abu; ajiss34; allāh man; b. abi; b. al; b. ʿ; beirut; dar al; final_ajiss; god; hadith; ibn; ibn al; ibn ʿ; isnād; kitāb al; laʿana; laʿana allāh; liwāṭ; lūṭ; malʿūn; malʿūn man; man; man ʿ; muhammad; prophet; qawm; sunan; suyuti; vols; wa al; ʿabd al; ʿamal; ʿamr; ʿikrimah; ṣaḥīḥ
       cache: ajiss-181.pdf
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        item: #705 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1810
      author: Fadda-Conrey, Carol
       title: Arab Diasporic Writing: Figurations of Space and Identity
        date: 2004.0
       words: 801
      flesch: 36
     summary: Such thematic concerns were also addressed and probed by Lisa Weiss in her presentation entitled “‘Arab’ Paris: Reinterpreting the City-Center through the Writings of Leïla Sebbar.” Syrine Hout, an associate professor of English at the American University of Beirut, presented a paper entitled “Lebanon ‘Revisited’: Memory, Self, and Other in Rabih Alameddine’s The Perv.”
    keywords: hout; sebbar; weiss
       cache: ajiss-1810.pdf
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        item: #706 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1811
      author: Hughes, Andrew
       title: Middle Eastern and Islamic Influence on Western Art & Liturgy: Cultural Exchanges in Late Antiquity & the Middle Ages
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1145
      flesch: 39
     summary: Centre For Medieval Studies Middle Eastern and Islamic Influence on Western Art & Liturgy: Cultural Exchanges in Late Antiquity & the Middle Ages Central to the conference, held during March 5-6, 2004, at Trinity College, University of Toronto (Canada), was the desire of its organizer, Andrew Hughes, to find analogies in other disciplines to his speculation that the European plainsong (liturgical chant) of the Middle Ages was performed in Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 149 a manner similar to that of Middle Eastern music (“Continuous Music: Natural or Eastern? They contain passages reporting that Europeans found little strange in eastern music, suggesting that eastern and western music cannot have been as dissimilar as seems to be the case today (“Frankish Reports of Central Asian and Middle Eastern Musical Practice”).
    keywords: century; influence; medieval; music
       cache: ajiss-1811.pdf
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        item: #707 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1812
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Editorial
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1384
      flesch: 49
     summary: She highlights an anti-Muslim subtheme in his non- fictional accounts of contemporary Muslim life, which consists of using gothic techniques to heap unwarranted suspicions upon Muslims’ motives and rationality. History thus reminds us that while Muslim societies are currently in a state of malaise, beleaguered by corruption, mismanagement, poverty, and violence, this is not an inherent (genetic) trait of Muslims or of their faith.
    keywords: conference; issue; muslim; studies
       cache: ajiss-1812.pdf
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        item: #708 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1813
      author: Afzaal, Ahmed
       title: Modernist and Fundamentalist Debates in Islam: A Reader by Mansoor Moaddel and Kamran Talattof, eds. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 382 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1116
      flesch: 37
     summary: For the purpose of organizing this anthology, the editors chose to highlight what they describe as two “episodes” in modern Islam: the powerful wave of Islamic modernism that arose in the last quarter of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth centuries, and the per- haps more powerful wave of Islamic fundamentalism that arose from the 1930s onward. As ideal types, however, the editors believe that Islamic modernism and fundamentalism may be identified on the basis of positions taken by specific intellectuals or ideologues on five central and “historically sig- nificant” issues: jurisprudence, politics, western civilization, gender, and lifestyle.
    keywords: fundamentalism; islamic; modernist
       cache: ajiss-1813.pdf
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        item: #709 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1814
      author: Shaikh, Ameer U.
       title: The Unthought in Contemporary Islamic Thought: By Mohammad Arkoun (London: Saqi Books, 2002. 352 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1100
      flesch: 45
     summary: Arkoun’s eight essays, reflecting a lifetime in the field of Islamic studies, concern themselves with a host of issues enveloping the world of Islam: Qur’anic studies, revelation, belief, authority, power, law, and civil society. Arkoun uses unthought to refer to “an Islam that is isolated from the most elementary historical reasoning, linguistic analysis or anthropological decoding” (p. 308).
    keywords: arkoun; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1814.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1814.txt

        item: #710 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1815
      author: Zaidi, Ali Hassan
       title: Reason, Freedom and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush. Translated and edited, with a critical introduction by Mahmoud Sadri and Ahmad Sadri (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 236 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 956
      flesch: 39
     summary: Another set of problems in Soroush’s work are the fundamental rifts that he draws between religion and religious knowledge, a traditional conception of the natural order of things and a modern conception of the conscious management of the social order, and a religious discourse of obligations and a secular discourse of rights. Chapters 2, 4, and 6-9 represent the core of his ideas on the limits of religious knowledge, secularism, and the mutual depen- dence of freedom and critical reason.
    keywords: religion; soroush
       cache: ajiss-1815.pdf
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        item: #711 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1816
      author: Kavakci, Merve
       title: Islam Under Siege: By Akbar Ahmed (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2003. 213 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1118
      flesch: 53
     summary: He invites Muslims to acquire a self-critical retrospective insight so that they can apprehend their contri- bution to today’s quagmire, and calls on non-Muslims to exercise more dis- cernment in understanding the complexities in Muslims’ lives. Ahmed responds to the query “Could acts of violence be relegated merely to Muslim societies?” by adeptly elucidating the underlying factors of the Muslim world’s crisis and the West’s failure to understand Islam.
    keywords: ahmed; honor; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1816.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1816.txt

        item: #712 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1817
      author: Hartman, Michelle
       title: Gender, Politics and Islam: By Therese Saliba, Carolyn Allen, Judith A. Howard, eds. (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2002. 354 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1149
      flesch: 42
     summary: Saliba’s competent introduction summarizes the articles and promptly debunks simplistic understandings of Muslim women and their lives, and Book Reviews 107 highlights their diverse and complex engagements with religion, politics, society, and culture. Not only does this introduction speak for and to nuanced understandings of Islam and Muslims, it also links feminist strug- gles transnationally and explicitly positions itself against the exceptional- ism of Muslim women.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; studies; women
       cache: ajiss-1817.pdf
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        item: #713 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1818
      author: Babana-Hampton, Safoi
       title: The Postcolonial Arabic Novel: Debating Ambivalence by Muhsin Jassim Al-Musawi (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2003. 432 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1468
      flesch: 35
     summary: Muhsin Jassim Al-Musawi’s book offers a fresh contribution not only to studies in Arabic literature but also to postcolonial critique, cultural crit- icism, comparative literature, and cross-cultural studies. Al-Musawi transposes these key postcolo- nial motifs and insights to the realm of Arabic literature in order to reveal important dimensions of the contemporary Arabic novel.
    keywords: arabic; book; novel; postcolonial
       cache: ajiss-1818.pdf
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        item: #714 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1819
      author: Ouis, Soumaya Pernilla
       title: On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean 1880s-1930s by Linda Boxberger (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002. 292 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 916
      flesch: 53
     summary: Her study focuses on the British influence, as these sultanates became British protectorates; the emigration of natives to other parts of the Indian Ocean region; and the development of modern communication 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:1 technologies. Yemen, on the other hand, has experienced communism, civil war, and recently democ- ratization, unlike other parts of the Arabian peninsula.
    keywords: boxberger; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-1819.pdf
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        item: #715 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1820
      author: Kingston, Paul
       title: Lebanon’s Second Republic: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century by Kail C. Ellis, ed. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2002. 236 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1138
      flesch: 40
     summary: Mona Khalaf’s article on the status of women in postwar Lebanon paints a similar picture of marginalization, character- Book Reviews 117 ized both by the “feminization of poverty” as well as by the entrenchment of legal discrimination, symbolized by the difficulties in reforming Lebanon’s religiously controlled personal status laws and courts. By excluding the pos- sibility of grass-roots participation, this reality contributes to what Davie calls “a social deficit” in postwar Lebanon.
    keywords: lebanese; lebanon; social
       cache: ajiss-1820.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1820.txt

        item: #716 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1821
      author: Kösebalaban, Hasan
       title: Suits and Uniforms: Turkish Foreign Policy since the Cold War by Philip Robins (Seattle: Washington University Press, 2003. 352 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1110
      flesch: 42
     summary: Philip Robins contends that Turkish foreign policy has faced four chal- lenges in four distinct periods of its history: (1) consolidating the emer- gent Turkish Republic through external recognition (1930s), (2) remain- ing neutral during the Second World War (1940s), (3) confronting the challenge of Soviet expansionism (the cold war era), and (4) responding to the end of bipolarity (post-cold war era). Finally, Turkish foreign policy has been characterized more by “caution than daring,” quoting Malik Mufti.
    keywords: policy; robins; turkey
       cache: ajiss-1821.pdf
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        item: #717 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1822
      author: Janmohamed, Zahir
       title: Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India by Ashutosh Varshney (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002. 382 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1053
      flesch: 54
     summary: While Varshney alludes to these factors in his book, he fails to examine how the commu- nalization of Indian society – led particularly by the Sangh Parivar – has contributed to a charged mindset that is all-too-conducive to violence. Eight cities (whose total population is only 5% of the country’s total population) account for 45% of deaths in communal violence.
    keywords: muslims; varshney; violence
       cache: ajiss-1822.pdf
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        item: #718 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1823
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism: By Scott B. Noegel and Brannon M. Wheeler (London: The Scarecrow Press, 2002. 520 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1098
      flesch: 44
     summary: The short shrift given to pre-Islamic Arabian religious traditions, however, is a major problem in the field and a decided obstacle to an informed under- standing of the Qur’an in context. Several entries that present Biblical and ancient Near Eastern material exclusively could have benefited from the additional dis- cussion of pre-Islamic Arabian material, particularly “False Prophets,” “Oracles,” and “Parallelism.”
    keywords: dictionary; entries; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-1823.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1823.txt

        item: #719 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1824
      author: Khalil, Atif
       title: Mulla Sadra, The Elixir of the Gnostics: A Parallel English-Arabic Text by William Chittick, trans. (Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2003. 192 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1194
      flesch: 61
     summary: Mulla Sadra, The Elixir of the Gnostics: A Parallel English-Arabic Text William Chittick, trans. The Elixir is a unique work of Sadra’s in that it is, as Chittick notes in the introduction, something of a translation of Kashani’s (d. 1213-14) Persian Jawidan-nama (Book of the Everlasting).
    keywords: elixir; knowledge; sadra
       cache: ajiss-1824.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1824.txt

        item: #720 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1825
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal
       title: The Book of Revenue: By Abu `Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, trans. Imran A. K. Nyazee (Reading, UK: Garnet Pub. Ltd. and Doha, Qatar: The Center for Muslim Contribution to Civilization, 2003. 608 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1220
      flesch: 61
     summary: He (Abu’l-Hasan Ahmad ibn `Ali) was com- monly known as Ibn al-Bada, and I was told by a certain Shaykh that he was (known as) al-Badi’. In the “Introduction: The Ruler and the Wealth of Subjects,” footnote 2 (p. 3) explains that the nar- rator was called al-Badi’ or (in the text itself)
    keywords: ibn; islamic; work
       cache: ajiss-1825.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1825.txt

        item: #721 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1826
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance and Despair in the Middle East by Joyce M. Davis (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003. 214 pages.)
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1154
      flesch: 57
     summary: Davis seeks to present a balanced view of terrorism vs. martyrdom, mod- erate vs. radical, the Muslim world vs. the West, and why 9/11 happened. In chapter 1, “A Minister’s Question,” Davis, an African-American practicing Christian, wonders why African-Americans mainly have chosen non-violence, while the self-professed Muslims held responsible for 9/11 chose violence.
    keywords: chapter; davis; martyrs
       cache: ajiss-1826.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1826.txt

        item: #722 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1827
      author: Mustapha, Nadira
       title: The Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women
        date: 2004.0
       words: 1319
      flesch: 45
     summary: CCMW was established in 1982 to attain and maintain equality, equity, and empowerment for Canadian Muslim women in the North American setting. Civil society, defined as a society ruled by laws and norms and obeyed by the governing body and the public, was discussed, along with its relationship in dealing with such minorities as Muslim women in Canada.
    keywords: canada; change; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1827.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1827.txt

        item: #723 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1829
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Arabian Mirrors and Western Soothsayers: Nineteenth-Century Literary Approaches to Arab-Islamic History by Muhammed A. Al-Da'mi (New York: Peter Lang, 2002. 235 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 631
      flesch: 49
     summary: His main argument is that the writers used Arabo-Islamic history not simply as an exotic or a romantic flourish, but rather as an integral and important aspect of their discourses to comment upon their own time. They concentrated only on those themes of Arabo-Islamic history that could make their own arguments with their contemporaries more persuasive (e.g., the spread of empire, the romantic Bedouin, the despotic sultan, polygamy, slavery, and the like), while ignoring other aspects (e.g., the sci­ entific and cultural achievements of the Arabo-lslamic civilizations, and such intellectual thinkers as Ibn Khaldun and al-GhazaJi).
    keywords: da'mi; history
       cache: ajiss-1829.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1829.txt

        item: #724 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1830
      author: Zaidi, Ali Hassan
       title: Dialogue of Civilizations: A New Peace Agenda for a New Millennium by Majid Tehranian and David W. Chappell, eds. (London and New York: LB. Tauris & Co. Ltd in association with The Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research, 2002. 302 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 210
      flesch: 52
     summary: The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 I commend the editors for bringing together such diverse voices to the dialogue and for engaging in the politics of discourse to rescue the con­ cept of civilization from its abuse at the hands of Huntington et al. London and New York: LB.
    keywords: new
       cache: ajiss-1830.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1830.txt

        item: #725 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1832
      author: Yenigiin, Hali! Ibrahim
       title: Globalization or Recolonization: The Muslim World in the 21st Century by Ali Mohammadi and Muhammad Ahsan (London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd, 2002. 196 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 579
      flesch: 52
     summary: 178 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Globalization or Recolonization?: Besides calling the Muslims' attention to this disconcerting plethora of problems, the authors master­ fully document how the myth of interdependence fades away, notwith­ standing evidence of the unequal treatment by the global economic and 180 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 for the ummah 's current state, they do not specify how these factors cause the result.
    keywords: book; ummah
       cache: ajiss-1832.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1832.txt

        item: #726 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1833
      author: Ahmad, Ali
       title: Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam: By Mohammad Hashim Kamali (Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society, 2002. 184 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 127
      flesch: 47
     summary: Modern Muslim thinkers who try to locate and construct constitutional tenets based on the Islamic tradition face various difficulties, for they have Book Reviews 183 The book, which includes a glossary of Islamic terms and an index, is a rich source of information on textual provisions and a historical account of how human rights were protected during the early period of Islamic civilization. 180 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Freedom, Equality and Justice in Islam Mohammad Hashim Kamali Cambridge, UK: Islamic Texts Society, 2002.
    keywords: islam
       cache: ajiss-1833.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1833.txt

        item: #727 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1835
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: The Qu'ran Manuscripts in the al-Haram al-Sharif Islamic Museum, Jerusalem: By Khader Salameh (Reading, UK: Garnet Publishing, 2001. 190 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 654
      flesch: 54
     summary: Founded in 1922 and moved to al-Haram al-Sharif in 1929, the Islamic Museum in Jerusalem houses artifacts covering nearly all oflslamic his­ tory and originating in North Africa, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and the Middle East. The collection includes many exquisite pieces: Umayyad floral woodwork panels from the al-Aqsa Mosque, a striking glass mosque lamp of the Mamluk amir Tankiz from Hebron, and the salvaged remains of Nur al-Din's pulpit, built in Aleppo in 564/1168 and brought to the Aqsa Mosque in 583/1187 by Salah al-Din after his conquest of Jerusalem.
    keywords: museum; qur'an
       cache: ajiss-1835.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1835.txt

        item: #728 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1836
      author: Haneef, Mohamed Aslam
       title: Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples by Linda Tuhiwai Smith (London, UK: Zed Books Ltd/University of Otago Press, 1999. 208 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 280
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, this worldview is able to include the Muslim world's pluralist nature and deal with non-Muslim research and researchers. Thus, there is something for Muslim scholars to learn in the attempts of others to address western disciplines of knowledge.
    keywords: knowledge
       cache: ajiss-1836.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1836.txt

        item: #729 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1837
      author: Mohar, Tunku
       title: Political Development: An Islamic Perspective by Zeenath Kausar, ed (Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: The Other Press, 2000. 262 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 423
      flesch: 39
     summary: He begins by uncovering the flaws of western thinking on development, Book Reviews 193 tary intervention and the use of Islam as a symbol of legitimacy in Bangladesh (Syed Serajul Islam); national development planning, political stability, and lslamization in Malaysia (Zeenath Kausar); and the lslamization process in Sudan, where the people are divided along religious and ethnic lines (El-Fatih A. Abdel Salam). An Islamic Perspective is divided into two broad parts: the conceptual foundations of political development and its case stud­ ies.
    keywords: development; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1837.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1837.txt

        item: #730 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1838
      author: Ejobowah, John Boye
       title: Islam and Democracy: The Failure of Dialogue in Algeria by Frederic Volpi (London: Pluto Press, 2003. 168 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 95
      flesch: 59
     summary: Book Reviews 193 r Islam and Democracy: The Failure of Dialogue in Algeria Frederic Volpi London: Pluto Press, 2003. In all of the Middle East and North Africa, Algeria was the first country to be infected by the wind of democratization that swept the developing world in the 1980s and 1990s.
    keywords: elections
       cache: ajiss-1838.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1838.txt

        item: #731 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1839
      author: Gilliat-Ray, Sophie
       title: Muslim Minorities in the West: Visible and Invisible by Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Jane 1 Smith, eds. (New York and Oxford: AltaMira Press; 2002. 306 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 555
      flesch: 44
     summary: Far from telling anything like a complete (or even incomplete) story of Muslim minority experience in the West, this book nevertheless brings together a fascinating collection of diverse and often rich accounts of Muslim life in different contexts. Many of the contributors believe that Muslim minorities are growing, dynamic, confident, and demographically young in most of their new societies, and that wherever they have established themselves, they have sustained their presence and thrived, sometimes in the face of extreme hostility.
    keywords: muslim; new
       cache: ajiss-1839.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1839.txt

        item: #732 of 2426
          id: ajiss-184
      author: Jackson, Sherman A
       title: The Islamic Secular
        date: 2017.0
       words: 18420
      flesch: 49
     summary: This peaceful jihad which is an ab- solute necessity (al-jihād al-silmī al-ḍarūrī) (Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Azhariyyah li al-Turath, 2006), 2:38; Abd al-Rahim b. Ali b. al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh Zadeh, Naẓm al-Farā’id wa Jam‘ al-Fawā’id fī al-Masā’il al-Mukhtalaf fīhā bayna al-Sādah al-Ash‘arīyah wa al-Sādah al- Māturīdīyah, Arabic MS.
    keywords: american; authority; concrete; course; dar; example; god; ibn; islamic; jackson; jurists; law; life; muslim; non; point; press; realm; reason; religion; religious; sciences; secular; sharia; shar‘ī; state; university
       cache: ajiss-184.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-184.txt

        item: #733 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1840
      author: Persaud, Natasha
       title: Inside the Nation of Islam: By Vibert L. White, Jr. (Gainesville, FL: Uni versity Press of Florida, 2001. 256 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 217
      flesch: 53
     summary: 198 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Inside the Nation of Islam Vibert L. White, Jr. What he witnessed as he passed through the organization's rank and file compelled him to compile his experiences to give others a clearer understanding of the Nation's ori­ gins as well as its role concerning the issues facing African-Americans.
    keywords: nation
       cache: ajiss-1840.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1840.txt

        item: #734 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1841
      author: Khattab, Huda
       title: Believing as Ourselves: By J Lynn Jones (Beltsville, MD: Amana Publications, 2002. I 60 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 424
      flesch: 59
     summary: Jones introduces the Muslim community to the idea of personal authenticity and suggests that converts may suffer greatly when they lose their own ethnic or cultural identity in the effort to become more like the born-Muslim community in which they find themselves. Like Jeffrey Lang, who provides the foreword, the author puts into words the confusion, hurt, bewilderment, and anguish that many converts feel after they come down from the giddy heights ofsaying their shahadah, - experiences that may all but extinguish the initial spark of excitement and enthusiasm.
    keywords: jones
       cache: ajiss-1841.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1841.txt

        item: #735 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1842
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Taking Back Islam: American Muslims Reclaim Their Faith by Michael Wolfe, ed and the Producers of beliefnet (USA: Rodale Inc. and Beliefnet, Inc., 2002. 240 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 697
      flesch: 60
     summary: And even more hopefully, it will encourage western Muslims to lessen their contin­ ued dependence upon the motherland. Hopefully, it will find a large audience among both Muslims and non-Muslims.
    keywords: book; islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1842.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1842.txt

        item: #736 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1843
      author: Khandwala, Nazia
       title: Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East: By Donna Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early, eds. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2002, 2d ed 411 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 164
      flesch: 67
     summary: Overall, this new edition of Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East is an excellent addition to the literature on Middle East studies. Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East, now in its second edition, is a collection of songs, articles, poems, and letters, as well as manuscripts, related to life in the Muslim Middle East.
    keywords: east
       cache: ajiss-1843.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1843.txt

        item: #737 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1844
      author: lstrabadi, Zaineb
       title: Holy Land, Whose Land: Modern Dilemma, Ancient Roots? by Dorothy Drummond (Seattle: Educare Press, 2002. 326 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 374
      flesch: 68
     summary: 208 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Holy Land, Whose Land: Modern Dilemma, Ancient Roots? For example, when she talks about the 1956 Israeli attack on Egypt, she fails 210 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 prejudice, and in her genuine attempt to be unbiased in that she blames all sides for the mistakes made.
    keywords: book
       cache: ajiss-1844.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1844.txt

        item: #738 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1845
      author: Senzai , Farid
       title: American Jihad: The Terrorists Living Among Us by Steven Emerson (New York: Free Press, 2003. 285 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 315
      flesch: 64
     summary: In American Jihad, Emerson again presents a ter­ rifying picture of American Muslims as fanatical, violent people lurking and plotting against the United States. 210 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 American Jihad: The Terrorists Living Among Us Steven Emerson New York: Free Press, 2003.
    keywords: emerson
       cache: ajiss-1845.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1845.txt

        item: #739 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1846
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Unveiling Islam: An Insider's Look at Muslim Life and Beliefs by Ergun Mehmet Caner and Emir Fethi Caner (Grand Rapids, Ml: KregeL Publications???? 2002. 256 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 662
      flesch: 61
     summary: This book is a similar attempt to gain popularity for the authors and arouse anti-Muslim sentiment at a time that is trying for most Americans. There must be an effort to compile a list of such works and organizations behind such anti-Muslim hate campaigns and to unveil their real agenda.
    keywords: islam; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1846.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1846.txt

        item: #740 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1847
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Islam Unveiled: Dist urbing Questions About the World's Fastest-Growing Faith by Robert Spencer (San Francisco: Encounter Boob???? 2002. 2 I 4 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 151
      flesch: 48
     summary: Basically a collection of diatribes, invective, and ranting against Islam consolidated by a heavy dose of disinformation, Islam Unveiled reflects a discursive piece of work consistent with the lmperium's policies and inter ­ ests. With a pure secular discourse having proven ineffective in con­ fronting Islam, the same discourse has been repackaged in a religious garb, pouring old wine into an even older bottle in order to fight fire with fire.
    keywords: islam
       cache: ajiss-1847.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1847.txt

        item: #741 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1848
      author: Mazid, Nergis
       title: The Rise and Fall of the Islamic Empire and the Threat to the West: Anthony J Dennis (Lima, OH: Wyndham Hall Press???? 2001, 2d ed 157 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 692
      flesch: 52
     summary: Chapter 2 gives a cursory explanation of Islam and its ills, and chapter 3 describes how Iran, the great global Muslim thought-control cen­ ter, overcame religious sectarian divides to stimulate revolutions in Central Asia and the Middle East. In chapter 4, Dennis again revisits the sale of nuclear anns to Islamic states, and in chapters 5 and 6 loosely describes how terrorism might occur with nuclear and conventional arsenals.
    keywords: dennis; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1848.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1848.txt

        item: #742 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1849
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: Islamic Banking : By Mervyn K Lewis and Latifa M Algaoud (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2001. 274 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 127
      flesch: 45
     summary: Islamic Banking is an outstanding example of collaboration among Muslim and non-Muslim scholars interested in integrating Western-based literature with that developed in the Islamic tradition. The book's main themes are Christian and Islamic positions on usurylriba' (chapter 8); the foundations (chapters 2 and 3), theories (chapter 5), application (chapters 5, 6, 7, and 9), and progress (chapters I and 9) of Islamic banking; and an analysis of Islamic banking in light of
    keywords: banking
       cache: ajiss-1849.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1849.txt

        item: #743 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1850
      author: Mir, Shabana
       title: AMSS Thirty-second Annual Conference: Bloomington, IN - September 26-28, 2003
        date: 2003.0
       words: 304
      flesch: 42
     summary: Katherine Bullock (program committee chair, University of Toronto), Nazif Shahrani (professor of anthropology, director of Middle Eastern and Islamic studies program, Indiana University), Patrick O'Meara (dean, International Programs, Indiana University), and Louay Safi (president, AMSS) welcomed attendees and made introductory remarks. Shabana Mir (Indiana University) spoke on
    keywords: conference; university
       cache: ajiss-1850.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1850.txt

        item: #744 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1852
      author: Reporters' Committee, Convention 
       title: Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life (Chicago, IL - August 29 - September 1, 2003)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 162
      flesch: 47
     summary: 230 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life Chicago, IL - August 29 - September 1, 2003 This panel initiated the convention's theme of Islam: Enduring Values for Daily Life, based on Qur'an 16:90.
    keywords: islam
       cache: ajiss-1852.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1852.txt

        item: #745 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1853
      author: Ahsani, Syed A.
       title: AMSS Third Regional Conference: Arlington, TX - August 23, 2003
        date: 2003.0
       words: 626
      flesch: 46
     summary: AMSS president Louay Safi analyzed the present extremism found in the Muslim world as being based on distorted interpretations of scripture 230 The American Journal of lslamic Social Sciences 20:3 & 4 sions, attended by an estimated 800 Muslims and non-Muslims, drawn from the entire Metroplex region, received wide media coverage. Moazam Syed, American Muslim Alliance president elect (Tarrant County) thanked the congressman; said that terror, hatred, and prejudice are alien to all religions; and that: America will remain just and tolerant, even when confronted with terror and adversity.
    keywords: american; amss; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1853.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1853.txt

        item: #746 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1857
      author: Idris, Sajjad
       title: Social Justice in Islam: By Deina Abdelkader (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2000. 216 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 533
      flesch: 44
     summary: The chapters focus on theories of Islamic activism, the relationship between activism and public expectations, and the research methodology used. Its main contribution is in the connections it creates between popular discontent and activism through the system of the maqasid and the promotion of the public good.
    keywords: abdelkader; activism
       cache: ajiss-1857.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1857.txt

        item: #747 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1858
      author: Kingston, Paul
       title: Hizbu'llah: Politics and Religion by Amal Saad-Ghorayeb (London: Pluto Press, 2002. 254 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 210
      flesch: 34
     summary: In addition to an introduction and a conclusion, there are eight chapters that examine several issues and moral precepts that feature promi­ nently in the deliberations and pronouncements of Hizbu'llah officials. Based as it is on a select number of high-level interviews with senior Hizbu'llah leaders; numerous interviews with local, regional, and, functional Hizbu'llah officials; and an extensive analysis of Hizbu'llah's publications in both print and television media, Saad-Ghorayeb offers us a rare but thorough glimpse into the political mind of Hizbu'llah, one that its officials themselves must have endorsed, given the ready availability of the book in Lebanese bookstores.
    keywords: hizbu'llah
       cache: ajiss-1858.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1858.txt

        item: #748 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1859
      author: Stockdale, Nancy L.
       title: Three Mothers, Three Daughters: Palestinian Women's Stories by Michael Gorkin and Rafiqa Othman (New York: Other Press; 2000. 244 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 632
      flesch: 47
     summary: 113 In Three Mothers; Three Daughters: Palestinian Women's Stories, Rafiqa Othman and Michael Gorkin present six remarkable life narratives from Palestinian women living in the Occupied Territories and Israel. It is an excellent source that documents the often-ignored life experiences of Palestinian women who have witnessed tremendously difficult personal and national events.
    keywords: gorkin; othman
       cache: ajiss-1859.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1859.txt

        item: #749 of 2426
          id: ajiss-186
      author: Hefner, Robert William
       title: Muslims, Catholics, and the Secular State: Inter-Faith Advocacy and Alt-Right Populism in Contemporary France
        date: 2019.0
       words: 8208
      flesch: 41
     summary: Both imams had a more nuanced sense than had the Catholic priest of the varied forms Salafism could take among French Muslim youth. However, rather than hav- ing been established in the nineteenth century and reproduced unchanged to the present day, the cultural terms of social recognition in France have shifted in recent years, and nowhere more forcefully than with regard to French Muslims.
    keywords: advocacy; catholic; church; citizenship; community; france; french; muslims; national; press; public; recognition; religion; right; social; society; state; university
       cache: ajiss-186.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-186.txt

        item: #750 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1860
      author: Hammer, Juliane
       title: The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 by Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim, eds;. Afterword by Edward W Said (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 234 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 170
      flesch: 63
     summary: Afterword by Edward W Said New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. For instance, 1948 can be described as a founding element of Palestinian and Israeli iden­ tities respectively.
    keywords: war
       cache: ajiss-1860.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1860.txt

        item: #751 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1861
      author: Faghfoory, Mohammad H.
       title: Doctrines of Shi'i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices by Ayatullah Ja'far Sobhani (tr. and ed Reza Shah Kazemi) (London and New York: l B. Tauris Publishers and the Institute of Isma'ili Studies, 2001. 240 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 591
      flesch: 50
     summary: The author is a Qur'anic commentator, a prolific writer, a biographer of the Prophet and Imam 'Ali, and has written several books on theology and jurisprudence. 119 The growing interest in Shi'ism in the western world since the Iranian rev­ olution has resulted in the publication of numerous books and articles on Shi' i f slam.
    keywords: book; shi'i; sobhani
       cache: ajiss-1861.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1861.txt

        item: #752 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1862
      author: Moghul, Umar F.
       title: Body of Text: The Emergence of the Sunni Law of Ritual Purity by Marion Holmes Katz (Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 2002. 275 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 126
      flesch: 51
     summary: The author, Marion Holmes Katz, a pro­ fessor at Mount Holyoke College, chooses not to write from the traditional Muslim or Islamic jurisprudential perspectives. Katz's attempt to formulate an alternative interpretive methodology, however, fails due to internal incon­ sistencies in her argument as well as the prevalence of poor and often spec­ ulative reasoning.
    keywords: katz
       cache: ajiss-1862.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1862.txt

        item: #753 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1863
      author: Ahmed, Arshad A.
       title: Islamic Law: Theory & Interpretation by Michael Mumisa (Beltsville, MD: Amana Publications, 2002. 209 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 170
      flesch: 56
     summary: Overall, it must be said that Islamic Law is a welcome though not crucial addition to one's English language library of Islamic jurisprudence. Lastly, chapter 6 pur­ ports to offer a new methodology in the study of Islamic law.
    keywords: islamic
       cache: ajiss-1863.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1863.txt

        item: #754 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1864
      author: Haque , Amber
       title: Debates on Islam and Knowledge in Malaysia and Egypt: Shifting Worlds by Mona Abaza (London, UK: Routledge Curzon, 2002. 304 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 209
      flesch: 54
     summary: 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20:2 Debates on Islam and Knowledge in Malaysia and Egypt: Shifting Worlds MonaAbaza London, UK: Routledge Curzon, 2002. Although the debate on the arrival of the lslamization of knowledge (IOK) concept continues among today's scholars, giving it a practical framework is generally credited to the late Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, a Palestinian­ American scholar and a founding member of the International Institute of Islamic Thought (HIT).
    keywords: american
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        item: #755 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1865
      author: Gilliat-Ray, Sophie
       title: Muslim Europe or Euro-Islam: Politics, Culture, and Citizenship in the Age of Globalisation by Nezar AlSayyad and Manuel Castells eds. (Oxford: Lexington Books, 2002. 204 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 444
      flesch: 41
     summary: Just as there are forms of Islam - each absolutely authentic - that are distinctive in Africa, Malaysia, or the Arabian Peninsula, Tibi calls for developing a form of Islam that is adjusted to European society and the values of individual human rights and liberal democracy. As a conse­ quence, Muslim populations in Europe find themselves part of, and to some extent a cause of, a complex process of European identity deconstruction and reconstruction from above and below.
    keywords: europe; islam
       cache: ajiss-1865.pdf
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        item: #756 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1866
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: American Muslims: Bridging Faith and Freedom by M A. Muqtedar Khan (Beltsville, Maryland: Amana Publications, 2002. 194 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 429
      flesch: 57
     summary: American Muslims has eight chapters, each presenting a different angle of the relationship between being Muslim and being American. The 9/11 attack and its impact upon Muslims is discussed next (chai:r ter 7), and the book ends with his perspective as an American Muslim on politics in the Muslim world (chapter 8).
    keywords: american; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1866.pdf
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        item: #757 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1867
      author: Bernhardsson, Magnus T.
       title: Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism by Bruce Masters (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 222 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 480
      flesch: 48
     summary: The study of this topic is made even more difficult because Ottoman Muslim literary sources are largely silent about the non-Muslims among whom the authors lived. Although the Arab provinces experienced serious sectarian strife in the nineteenth century, these antagonisms were, by and large, absent in the 136 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20:2 sectarianism and the transfonnation of the status of non-Muslims emerging much earlier than previous studies have maintained.
    keywords: masters
       cache: ajiss-1867.pdf
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        item: #758 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1868
      author: Hakim, Hasnan
       title: Modernity and Culture: From the Me diterranean to the Indian Ocean by Leila Tarazi Fawaz and C. A. Bayly, eds. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. 410 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 400
      flesch: 42
     summary: Bayly and Jalal's essays represent a departure from the conventional analysis of using only the victim's viewpoints to understand representa­ tional issues in colonial societies. Both essays show that even the non­ victim factors (e.g., Englishmen's view as a source of inspiration for nationalism movements and specific colonial policy favoring Muslims in India) would contribute to the variegated continuity and change in these colonial societies of the late nineteenth century.
    keywords: essays; muslims
       cache: ajiss-1868.pdf
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        item: #759 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1869
      author: Kashif , Imam Ghayth Nur
       title: Calling the Shots: How Washington Dominates Today's UN by Phyllis Bennis (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2000. 341 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 212
      flesch: 63
     summary: Book Reviews 139 Calling the Shots: How Washington Dominates Today's UN Phyllis Bennis Northampton, MA: While many Americans are just becoming aware of the United States' extraordinary dominance over the UN, Phyllis Bennis has long been a prophet, warning of the catastrophic consequences of its disproportion­ ate influence over this international body.
    keywords: bennis
       cache: ajiss-1869.pdf
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        item: #760 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1870
      author: Roochnik, Paul
       title: Al-Kitaab Fii Tacallum al-Arabiyya: A Textbook for Arabic, Part Three by Kristen Brustad, Mahmoud Al-Batal, and Abbas Al-Tonsi (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001. 480 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 288
      flesch: 66
     summary: The latest in the series of Al-Kitaab fii Ta calf um al-cArabiyya books, Kitaab 3 offers some new activities to challenge advanced Arabic learners. 142 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20:2 Al-Kitaab lli Ta canum al-cArabiyya: A Textbook for Arabic, Part Three Kristen Brustad, Mahmoud Al-Batal, and Abbas Al-Tonsi Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001.
    keywords: kitaab
       cache: ajiss-1870.pdf
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        item: #761 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1871
      author: Mohmand, Abdul-Qayum
       title: AMSS Regional Conference: The Place of Islam in America
        date: 2003.0
       words: 332
      flesch: 46
     summary: He stressed that faced with new social challenges stemming from modernist trends, American Muslims possess aU the ingredients they need to develop solutions with far-reaching impact on improving the quality of life both in the U.S. and throughout the Muslim world. In the first panel, James Toronto (associate professor oflslamic studies, Brigham Young University, Utah) focused on the challenges and responsi­ bilities of the American Muslim community.
    keywords: muslim
       cache: ajiss-1871.pdf
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        item: #762 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1872
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Muslim Renaissance: Challenges in the Twenty-first Century
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1440
      flesch: 45
     summary: In Muslim societies, religious conservatism has cloaked the Islamic reform movement’s forward vision and threatens to roll back its achieve- ments. The call of such early Islamic reformists as Jalal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-97), Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905), and Muhammad Iqbal (1873- 1938) did not lead Muslim societies to liberation and strength; rather, it was followed by a state of oppression and weakness from which the Muslim world has yet to recover.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; social
       cache: ajiss-1872.pdf
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        item: #763 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1874
      author: Mirza, Mahan
       title: A Thematic Commentary on the Qur’an: By Muhammad al-Ghazali (Virginia: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2000. 804 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 814
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the past, western scholars have devoted a great deal of energy to tracing foreign influences in the Qur’an or reconstructing the chronology of its verses and surahs. Although it has always been accepted that the Qur’an’s surahs are dis- tinct literary pieces with their own style and content, comprehensive attempts to present entire surahs as thematically independent entities have been rare.
    keywords: qur’an; surah
       cache: ajiss-1874.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1874.txt

        item: #764 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1875
      author: Ibrahim, Zeinab
       title: Wholeness and Holiness in Education: An Islamic Perspective by Zahra Al Zeera (UK: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, and Biddles Limited, 2001. 158 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1014
      flesch: 53
     summary: Actually, more elaboration upon such experiences and on the conflicts she faced while studying in Canada would have been appreciated, as such a topic requires that personal experiences be shared, given that they are not limited to one person but rather to millions of individuals. Zeera is to be commended for presenting this topic in a scholarly way in order to address the crucial issue of the “nature of educational systems in the East” and the severe absence of dialectical thinking.
    keywords: book; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1875.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1875.txt

        item: #765 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1876
      author: Gilliat-Ray, Sophie
       title: Understanding Fundamentalism: Christian, Islamic, and Jewish Movements by Richard T. Antoun (Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press, 2001. 181 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1104
      flesch: 39
     summary: So, for example, he suggests that Muslim fundamentalism is driven by outrage at western cultural and economic pen- etration; Jewish fundamentalism draws its energy from the anti-Semitism of eastern and central Europe during the late nineteenth and twentieth century; Christian fundamentalism, especially in America, has reacted to the ideol- ogy of patriotic and progressive Protestantism, the claims of positivist sci- ence as reflected in biblical criticism, and the doctrine of evolution. These criticisms aside, this book lives up to its title and will help read- ers grasp some of the conceptual, linguistic, and analytical tools necessary to pursue their interest in religious fundamentalism.
    keywords: antoun; book; fundamentalism
       cache: ajiss-1876.pdf
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        item: #766 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1877
      author: Ejobowah, John Boye
       title: Burying the Past: Making Peace and Doing Justice after Civil Conflict by Nigel Biggar, ed. (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2001. 312 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1014
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, the contributors to the book’s theoretical section try to politi- cize criminal justice by creating a tension between the need for justice and the need for peace/political stability. The contributors bridge the tension between the moral claim of justice and the political demands of peace by arguing that criminal justice is not pri- marily about punishing the perpetrator, but that it involves recognizing the injury and acknowledging the victim’s dignity.
    keywords: justice; past; truth
       cache: ajiss-1877.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1877.txt

        item: #767 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1878
      author: Hammer, Juliane
       title: Revising Culture, Reinventing Peace: The Influence of Edward W. Said by Naseer Aruri and Muhammad Shuraydi, eds. (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2001. 190 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1485
      flesch: 47
     summary: In “Humanizing the Oriental: Edward Said & Western Scholarly Discourse,” Yasmeen Abu- Laban presents three of Said’s most influential works: Orientalism (1978), The Question of Palestine (1979), and Covering Islam (1981). In “Empowering Inquiry: Our Debt to Edward W. Said,” Falk celebrates Said’s work as a scholar of many interests and talents, and out- lines how his deeply humanist worldview, personal experience as an exile, and critical mind have produced the impressive oeuvre of a leading intel- lectual of our time.
    keywords: influence; orientalism; palestine; scholars
       cache: ajiss-1878.pdf
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        item: #768 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1879
      author: Muallem, Ariege
       title: Refugees in our Own Land: Chronicles from a Palestinian Refugee Camp in Bethlehem by Muna Hamzeh (London and Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2001. 166 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1368
      flesch: 69
     summary: On the other hand, she points out that life in Israel goes on as normal, with people going to work, movies, and restaurants, as if the killing and wounding in the Palestinian camps occurs in a “far-away land.” It seems a bit offensive to imply that such women are not as developed as she herself is, when the role of Palestinian women in the last two Intifadas as well as in the history of Palestine has been shown to be fundamental to both fam- Book Reviews 135 ily life and the resistance itself.
    keywords: camp; people; reader
       cache: ajiss-1879.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1879.txt

        item: #769 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1880
      author: Barlas, Asma
       title: Empire and Elites after the Muslim Conquest: The Transformation of Northern Mesopotamia by Chase F. Robinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 221 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1402
      flesch: 53
     summary: Further, the wars discussed were inter-Muslim civil wars, not wars to force Islam on non-Muslims. As always, Muslims are to be ventriloquized by non-Muslims.
    keywords: conquest; muslims; robinson
       cache: ajiss-1880.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1880.txt

        item: #770 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1881
      author: Hussain, Maria
       title: Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America, and International Terrorism by John K. Cooley (Sterling, VA: Pluto Press, 2000. 299 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1473
      flesch: 44
     summary: The Epilogue reflects on the past and future of Islamic terrorism, and concludes with a strange question of “whether Islamists win or lose in tur- bulent, changing societies like that of Iran.” American terrorism against Iraq, Sudan, and Afghanistan, and its support of Israel, are unquestioned as being justified, noble, and necessary, while any attack on western interests or American lives is described with emotionally loaded terms.
    keywords: american; author; chapter; states; united
       cache: ajiss-1881.pdf
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        item: #771 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1882
      author: Micallef, Daniel
       title: The Transformation of Islamic Art during the Sunni Revival: By Yasser Tabbaa (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2001. 210 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1076
      flesch: 37
     summary: These changes were paralleled by one of the most significant transformations of Islamic art and architecture. In discussing the book’s themes and the discourses of which it is a part, Tabbaa refutes the essentialist traditions of some Orientalists, art historians, and even aestheticians that, while having seemingly different intentions, all portray Islamic art as separate or divorced from its history.
    keywords: abbasid; art; tabbaa
       cache: ajiss-1882.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1882.txt

        item: #772 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1883
      author: Butterworth, Charles E.
       title: Worlds of Difference: European Discourses of Toleration C. 1100-C. 1550 by Cary J. Nederman (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000. 157 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1385
      flesch: 53
     summary: He pursues the debates and activities that took place in the schools of Yahya ibn ‘Adi and Abu ‘Abd Allah al-Basri, the circles of Abu Sulayman al-Sijistani and the Vizier Abu ‘Abd Allah ibn Sa‘dan, as well as the group known as the Sincere Brethren associated with Abu Sulayman al-Maqdisi. In addition, he profiles such scholars, patrons, and rulers as Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi, Abu ‘Ali ibn Miskawayh, Abu al-Hasan al-Amiri, and even ‘Adud al-Dawla.
    keywords: book; christian; philosopher; toleration
       cache: ajiss-1883.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1883.txt

        item: #773 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1884
      author: Haque, Muhammad M.
       title: Authority, Continuity, and Change in Islamic Law: By Wael B. Hallaq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 269 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1398
      flesch: 39
     summary: So, contrary to the popular belief about the supremacy of the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi‘i, and Hanbali schools, as well as the conservative nature of Islamic law, there emerged many other schools with specific hermeneutic tools. In summary, the author has proved himself to be a very high level scholar through his unique writing style and his central thesis that the foundation of Islamic legal scholarship was far more flexible than con- ceptualized by some contemporary Islamicists.
    keywords: authority; islamic; school; social
       cache: ajiss-1884.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1884.txt

        item: #774 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1885
      author: Sabet, Amr G.
       title: Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought: By Michael Cook (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 702 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1392
      flesch: 51
     summary: Its main theme is the basic Islamic individual and communal duty to stop other people from doing wrong. This book, an historical survey of the Islamic injunction to command right and forbid wrong, a biographical exposé of Muslims who understood and practiced this principle, and a bibliographical reference, is a welcome and timely addition to the literature on Islamic thought.
    keywords: duty; islamic; wrong
       cache: ajiss-1885.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1885.txt

        item: #775 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1886
      author: Khattab, Huda
       title: Muslim Teens: Today’s Worry, Tomorrow’s Hope by Ekram and Mohamed R. Beshir (Beltsville MD: Amana Publications, 2001. 253 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 842
      flesch: 58
     summary: On the whole, however, this book is a valuable resource for Muslim parents, especially immigrants who may be unfamiliar with the issues faced by their teens, and for convert parents striving to give their children an Islamic Book Reviews 157 upbringing. The input of their daughters, who “survived” public school, is of par- ticular interest and is very encouraging for other Muslim parents.
    keywords: authors; muslim; parents
       cache: ajiss-1886.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1886.txt

        item: #776 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1887
      author: Afsaruddin, Asma
       title: Al-Qur’an: A Contemporary Translation by Ahmed Ali (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001. 572 pages.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 846
      flesch: 55
     summary: All in all, this is a fine addition to the cor- pus of English translations of the Qur’an’s meaning and is highly recom- mended for a broad readership. As the dust jacket informs us, this translation of the Qur’an’s meaning was first published in the United States in 1988.
    keywords: arabic; meaning; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-1887.pdf
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        item: #777 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1888
      author: Roochnik, Paul
       title: hikaayaat kaliila wa-dimna li-tulaab al-lughat al-carabiyya (Tales from Kalila wa Dimna for Students of Arabic [retold]): By Munther A Younes (Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, 2001. 206 pages, 3 audio CDs.)
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1297
      flesch: 61
     summary: Younes has inserted four excerpts of the original Arabic rendering of Kalila wa Dimna; he then asks the student to read the classical Arabic and compare it with the simplified Modern Standard Arabic version. The title Kalila wa Dimna first came to my attention long ago in my sec- ond year of Arabic language study.
    keywords: arabic; dimna; kalila
       cache: ajiss-1888.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1888.txt

        item: #778 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1889
      author: Bokhari, Kamran A.
       title: The 36th Annual Meeting of the Middle East Studies Association of North America
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1494
      flesch: 30
     summary: The final round table and thematic con- versation highlighted Internet resources and research in Middle East studies and the insider vs. outsider approaches to the study of women in the Middle East. The roundtable discussion focused on the present and future of Middle East political science, and the thematic conversation explored the idea of a Middle Eastern American studies program.
    keywords: east; islamic; middle; session; studies
       cache: ajiss-1889.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1889.txt

        item: #779 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1890
      author: Alwani, Zainab
       title: Peace, Jihad & Conflict Resolution
        date: 2003.0
       words: 1204
      flesch: 38
     summary: Lord Ahmed concluded his address by calling upon American Muslims to establish academic centers to improve the quality of their contributions to foreign policy decisions, and to establish media strategies that highlight Islamic concerns. In the panel “Strategies of Peacemaking, Regional and International,” Dr. Robert Crane (Center for Understanding Islam, NJ) examined how to promote peace and conflict resolution in “The International Criminal Court:
    keywords: islamic; jihad; peace
       cache: ajiss-1890.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1890.txt

        item: #780 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1895
      author: Mazid, Nergis
       title: Globalization, Gender, and Religion: The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts by Jane H Bayes and Nayereh Tohidi, eds. (New York: Pa/grave Publishers, 2001. 280 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 338
      flesch: 41
     summary: The following chapter, Women Redefining Modernity and Religion in the Globalized Context, is struc­ tured to answer three fundamental issues about Catholicism and Islam: How they regard women, what historical similarities and differences exist in their responses to modernity, and what is the position of women's reli­ giosity and spirituality in social change and their agency in reshaping the parameters of modernity and religion. Book Reviews Globalization, Gender, and Religion:The Politics of Women's Rights in Catholic and Muslim Contexts Jane H Bayes and Nayereh Tohidi, eds.
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-1895.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1895.txt

        item: #781 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1896
      author: Ouis, Soumaya Pernilla
       title: Women in Islam: The Western Experience by Anne Sofie Roald (London & New York: Routledge, 2001. 339 pages.)
        date: 2000.0
       words: 553
      flesch: 49
     summary: Further, she analyses how classi­ cal and contemporary scholars have interpreted the text, in addition to the results of her fieldwork among Arab Sunni Muslim activists living in the West. Anne Sofie Roald, a Norwegian convert to Islam and associate professor of the history of religion at Malmo University (Sweden), devotes her book to two major themes: Examining what the interpretations of the Qur'an and Sunnah in the Arab cultural sphere say on various women's issues, and how this interpretation tends to change during the cultural encounter with the West.
    keywords: muslim; roald
       cache: ajiss-1896.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1896.txt

        item: #782 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1897
      author: Christina, Rachel
       title: Auto/Biography and the Construction of Identity and Community in the Middle East: By Mary Ann Fay, ed. (New York: Palgrave, 2001. 226 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 289
      flesch: 32
     summary: The various authors assert that such a use of biography is consistent with traditional Arab and Islamic forms of representation - a claim that re­ centers the Middle East within the social sciences as a key site of know I- Book Reviews 1 11 vidual pieces are diverse yet grounded in a solid theoretical framework that makes the overall argument for the inclusion of greater biographical study in works on the region compelling. This collection of reflective essays and research articles argues for the greater use of auto/biographies, both as data sources and as representation­ al texts, in examining individual and communal identity negotiations in the Middle East.
    keywords: middle
       cache: ajiss-1897.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1897.txt

        item: #783 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1898
      author: Zine , Jasmin
       title: Women Claim Islam: By Miriam Cooke (New York: Routledge, 2001. 175 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 278
      flesch: 43
     summary: This movement has allowed Muslim women writers and intellectuals to develop a gendered Islamic epistemology. Being situated outside their nations' historical nar­ ratives, Cooke examines the literary practices of Arab Muslim women who have entered into global political discourses as vibrant public intellectuals, rather than as history's invisible subtext.
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-1898.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1898.txt

        item: #784 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1899
      author: Chishti, Maliha
       title: Muslim Women: Crafting a North American Identity by Shahnaz Khan (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. 151 pages.)
        date: 2000.0
       words: 560
      flesch: 38
     summary: This third space is not only the site of resistance to the dominant Islamic and Orientalist prescriptives of Muslim female identity, but a starting point for Muslim women to engage in individual and collective projects to re­ map and reconfigure their identities in a process of cultural, political, and economic empowerment. 115 Shahnaz Khan's study of Muslim female identity in Canada is a worthy contribution to the literature on Muslim experiences in the West.
    keywords: muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-1899.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1899.txt

        item: #785 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1900
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: The Veil Unveiled: The Hijab in Modern Culture by Faegheh Shirazi (University Press of Florida: Cainsville, 2001. 222 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 548
      flesch: 64
     summary: Moreover, in her following of Mernissi's interpretation of the veil in Muslim contexts as signifying women asfitna (sources of chaos), Shirazi imposes a singular meaning of her own. Shirazi's book is an extremely useful addition to the sociological study of Muslim women.
    keywords: shirazi; veil
       cache: ajiss-1900.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1900.txt

        item: #786 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1901
      author: Ahmad, Fauzia
       title: Rethinking Muslim Women and the Veil: Challenging Historical and Modern Stereotypes by Katherine Bullock (London: IIIT, 2002. 320 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 361
      flesch: 43
     summary: Furthermore, Shahnaz Khan's interesting and relevant work on Muslim women in Canada and identities would have complemented Bullock's study, while some dis­ cussion of the contributions made by Muslim women writers from Europe ( e.g., Rana Kabani or Anne-Sofie Roald), who have launched staunch argu­ ments against western feminist imperialist interpretations being imposed onto the lives of Muslim women, would have balanced the book's tendency to seek comparisons with women in the Middle East. Much has been written about Muslim women, dress, hijabs, veils, and, more recently, burqas.
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-1901.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1901.txt

        item: #787 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1902
      author: Babana-Hampton, Safoi
       title: States and Women's Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco by Mounira M Charrad (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 341 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 376
      flesch: 24
     summary: Even though Islamic family law and Islamic law figure as important references analytically, they are defined solely on the basis of a selective treatment of two Qur'anic passages on inheritance laws and polygamy and an isolated treatment of divorce. Charrad proposes kin- 128 The American Journal of [slamic Social Sciences 19:4 serious gap renders the author's recurrent claim that Islamic law sanctions the legal subordination of women supremely speculative, and a-contextual, such as when she states reductively that: Islamic family law portrays the marital bond as fragile or that: The facilitation of divorce, especially in the fonn ofunilateral repudiation, the legality of polygamy, and the absence of common property between husband and wife, all combine to define the marital bond as fragile.
    keywords: islamic; law
       cache: ajiss-1902.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1902.txt

        item: #788 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1903
      author: Jafri, Gui Joya
       title: The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective by Ellen Gruenbaum (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Philadelphia Press, 2001. 242 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 47
      flesch: 32
     summary: 128 The American Journal of [slamic Social Sciences 19:4 The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective Ellen Gruenbaum Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Philadelphia Press, 2001. 242 pages. International human rights campaigns
    keywords: philadelphia
       cache: ajiss-1903.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1903.txt

        item: #789 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1904
      author: Stockdale, Nancy L.
       title: May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt by Marilyn Booth (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 335 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 691
      flesch: 42
     summary: Revealing women authors as both shaping and being shaped by contemporary ideas of successful femininity, Booth's study is perhaps the most potent analysis of Egyptian feminism pub­ lished in quite some time. With the publication of biographies of women as diverse as the Prophet's wives, Jeanne d'Arc, Hatshepsut, Jane Austin, and Safiyya Zaghlul, Booth uncovers the diversi ­ ty of the Egyptian women's press in its scope and vision of what Egypt should expect of its women.
    keywords: booth; women
       cache: ajiss-1904.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1904.txt

        item: #790 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1905
      author: Geissinger, Aisha
       title: Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an by Asma Barias (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2002. 254 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 58
      flesch: 52
     summary: Does the Qur'an permit the oppression of women? Can women pursue equality and remain within the framework of its teachings?
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-1905.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1905.txt

        item: #791 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1906
      author: Shehadeh, Michel
       title: Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People by Jack Shaheen (New York: Olive Branch Press, 2001. 574 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 640
      flesch: 56
     summary: So argues Jack Shaheen, professor emeritus of mass communica­ tions at Southern Illinois University and a fonner CBS News consultant on Middle East affairs in his new book,Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People. Reel Bad Arabs should make its way into university and college class­ rooms to help raise an enlightened new generation of filmmakers who will explore and present the lives of people in ways that are not distorted to serve an ulterior agenda.
    keywords: arabs; hollywood
       cache: ajiss-1906.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1906.txt

        item: #792 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1907
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: Roman Catholics and Shi'i Muslims: Prayer, Passion, and Politics by James A. Bill and John Alden Williams (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 166 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 255
      flesch: 34
     summary: Comparing Roman Catholicism and Twelver Shi'i Islam suggests itself for several reasons: the parallel passions of Jesus Christ and Prophet Muham­ mad's grandson Husayn; the suffering of and devotion of their mothers, Mary and Fatimah; and perhaps most prominently in recent years, the powerful hierarchies of authority within each faith, headed by the Pope on the Catholic side and by several leading jurists (mljjtahidun) who bear the title of legal authority for laymen (marji>al-taqlid) on the Shi'i side. As a by-product of clerical power, both Catholic and Shi'i societies have developed rich anti-clerical folk traditions, involving myriad jokes and anecdotes about lecherous, greedy clerics, whether they be priests in France or mullahs in Iran.
    keywords: shi'i
       cache: ajiss-1907.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1907.txt

        item: #793 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1908
      author: Wheeler, Brannon
       title: History Testifies to the Infallibility of the Qur'an: Early History of the Children of Israel by Louay Fatoohi and Shetha al-Dargazelli (Delhi: Adam Publishers and Distributors, 1999. 265 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 235
      flesch: 48
     summary: Dr. Fatoohi and Prof. al-Dargazelli have produced an intriguing and far­ reaching comparison of the Bible and the Qur' an relating to Moses and the Israelites. Book Reviews 145 History Testifies to the Infallibility of the Qur'an: Early History of the Children of Israel Louay Fatoohi and Shetha al-Dargazelli Delhi: Adam Publishers and Distributors, 1999. 265 pages.
    keywords: qur'an
       cache: ajiss-1908.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1908.txt

        item: #794 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1909
      author: Hoosein, Sharon
       title: Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Canadian Council of Muslim Women
        date: 2002.0
       words: 589
      flesch: 58
     summary: This national organization, with chapters across Canada, was founded in 1982 when Muslim women from across Canada attended the founding conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He stated that Muslims do not take their heritage seriously and that piety has been cheapened by out­ ward displays, particularly in how Muslim women are treated.
    keywords: conference; women
       cache: ajiss-1909.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1909.txt

        item: #795 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1910
      author: Sein, Layla
       title: The Thirty-First Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists
        date: 2002.0
       words: 111
      flesch: 19
     summary: Jn his welcoming remarks, Dr. Louis Goodman, Dean of the School of International Service, American University, encouraged the use of academ­ ic forums to highlight social concerns of the larger world community. The conference was cosponsored by the School of International Service, American University, and supported by the university's Ibn Khaldun Chair ofislamic Studies, Dr. Akbar Ahmed.
    keywords: international
       cache: ajiss-1910.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1910.txt

        item: #796 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1914
      author: Babana-Hampton, Safoi
       title: Literary Representations of Female Identity: Feminisms in Arab-Muslim Societies and Clashing Paradigms on Conceptions of Modernity, Tradition, and Selfhood
        date: 2002.0
       words: 252
      flesch: 40
     summary: Literary Representations of Female Identity: Feminisms in Arab-Muslim Societies and Clashing Paradigms on Conceptions of Modernity, Tradition, and Selfhood Safoi Babana-Hampton My main interest is to explore the various discursive articulations of female identity that are challenged or foregrounded as a positive model.
    keywords: female
       cache: ajiss-1914.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1914.txt

        item: #797 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1915
      author: Mazid, Nergis
       title: Western Mimicry or Cultural Hybridity: Deconstructing Qasim Amin's "Colonized Voice" 
        date: 2002.0
       words: 257
      flesch: 46
     summary: In 1899, Amin published The Liberation of Women, in which he maintained that the decline of Egypt's sta­ tus as a strong global power was directly correlated to the subjugation of Egyptian women. Deconstructing Qasim Amin' s Colonized Voice Nergis Mazid Abstract Qasim Amin ( 1865-1908) remains one of Egypt's most contro­ versial figures in the early modem women's rights movement.
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-1915.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1915.txt

        item: #798 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1916
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Toward the Full Inclusion of Muslim Women in the Ummah: An Activist's Perspective 
        date: 2002.0
       words: 268
      flesch: 62
     summary: Defining Full Inclusion in the Ummah: Equity in Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil The three main criteria for a person to be fully included in a community are: Katherine Bullock received her PhD in polit ical science from the University of Toronto in 1999. Toward the Full Inclusion of Muslim Women in the Ummah: An Activist's Perspective Katherine Bullock Abstract This paper outlines some of the challenges that prevent Muslim women from becoming full members of the Ummah.
    keywords: paper
       cache: ajiss-1916.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1916.txt

        item: #799 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1917
      author: Chishti, Maliha
       title: The International Women's Movement and the Politics of Participation for Muslim Women 
        date: 2002.0
       words: 253
      flesch: 34
     summary: By articulating a faith-centered approach to social justice, Muslim women have important con­ tributions to make in order to push forward a collective agenda against all forms of violence and oppressions affecting women, in both Muslim and non-Muslim societies. This article suggests that Muslim women implement a strategic-integrative approach to our involvement based on creating our own independent and integrated analyses and political frames, and engaging in soli­ darity and alliance-building with women across our diversity and difference based on mutually defined goals.
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-1917.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1917.txt

        item: #800 of 2426
          id: ajiss-192
      author: Zaman, Meryem F
       title: Transnational Theological Encounters: Constructing Islamic Authority in New York
        date: 2019.0
       words: 8589
      flesch: 48
     summary: These members often alienate family and friends through their dramatically transformed dress practices and social behaviors, which are traced back to the leadership of Islamic movements. Contrary to the popular belief that Islamic movements are guided primarily by movement leaders, my research demonstrates that members’ contributions significantly shape the theology, belief systems, and reli- gious practice within Islamic movements.
    keywords: american; authority; hadith; huda; islamic; leaders; members; movements; muslims; pakistan; practice; qur’an; tablighi; women
       cache: ajiss-192.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-192.txt

        item: #801 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1924
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Overcoming the Polemics of Intolerance
        date: 2002.0
       words: 306
      flesch: 36
     summary: The most recent, vicious, and mean-spirited attacks to date on .Islam have created a new paradox: Islam, which historically has provided an out­ standing model of religious accommodation and tolerance, stands accused of intolerance by intolerant and bigoted people. The emphasis that Islam places on these values is manifested in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and the Companions' exemplary lives; in the Muslim society's historical experi­ ence; and in the ethos of contemporary Islamic reform movements.
    keywords: islam
       cache: ajiss-1924.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1924.txt

        item: #802 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1925
      author: Haque , Amber
       title: Forensic Psychiatry in Islamic Jurisprudence : By Kutaiba S. Chaleby (Herndon, Virginia: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2001. 189 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 313
      flesch: 53
     summary: However, he contends that this scenario is changing, as many Islamic countries are now trying to use Islamic law in their courts. A short account of Islamic law covering the princi-
    keywords: forensic
       cache: ajiss-1925.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1925.txt

        item: #803 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1926
      author: Hussain, Maria
       title: War at the Top of the World: The Struggle for Afghanistan, Kashmir, and Tibet by Eric Margolis (New York: Routledge, 2000. 250 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 698
      flesch: 60
     summary: Afghanistan and Pakistan are dismissed as the topic turns to India and China. 115 Recently, South Asia has become the focus of world attention due to the American attack on Afghanistan and the subsequent increased tension in Asia.
    keywords: afghanistan; chapter; india
       cache: ajiss-1926.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1926.txt

        item: #804 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1927
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: The Islamic Quest for Democracy, Pluralism, and Human Rights: By Ahmad S. Moussalli (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. 226 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 261
      flesch: 49
     summary: 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:3 The Islamic Quest for Democracy, Pluralism, and However, unless clear and autonomous epistemological, methodological, and hermeneutic boundaries are set from within Islamic sources, and pre­ conceived or presought conclusions are not entertained, concerned scholars will continue to operate in a never-ending vicious circle.
    keywords: islamic
       cache: ajiss-1927.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1927.txt

        item: #805 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1928
      author: Jafri, Gul Joya
       title: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel : By Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinsky (London: Pluto Press, 1999. 149 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 142
      flesch: 39
     summary: In their book Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, Shahak and Mezvinsky document the nature of Jewish fundamentalism and argue that it is a grow­ ing threat to Israeli society. As such, this is a fascinating, informative, and easy-to-read book for anyone interested in Israeli politics, Judaism, and its relation to Israeli poli­ cies toward Palestine.
    keywords: fundamentalism
       cache: ajiss-1928.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1928.txt

        item: #806 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1929
      author: Haleem, Irm
       title: Toleration, Diversity, and Global Justice: By Kok-Chor Tan (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000. 228 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 436
      flesch: 29
     summary: ln addressing the questions surrounding the moral imperative of liber­ als vis-a-vis nonliberal societies and states, Tan distinguishes between two kinds of liberalism: political liberalism with an overriding emphasis on tol­ eration (acceptance), and a comprehensive liberalism with an overriding emphasis on autonomy and individualism. Two questions domjnate his analysis: First, what are the limits of lib­ eral toleration, and should liberal states tolerate or criticize nonliberal states in the name of furthering liberalism?
    keywords: liberalism
       cache: ajiss-1929.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1929.txt

        item: #807 of 2426
          id: ajiss-193
      author: Edmonds, James Michael
       title: Smelling Baraka: Everyday Islam and Islamic Normativity
        date: 2019.0
       words: 11289
      flesch: 61
     summary: In order to reveal the multiple ways that smell operates, I first intro- duce the various actors that descend upon the theatre of selawat performed by Habib Syech bin Abdul Qadir Assegaf (Habib Syech) in Indonesia. Islamic Normativity and Human Ambiguity During one of the many long car rides with Habib Syech, I asked him about his relationship with FPI leader Habib Rizieq and the leaders of pesantren Ngruki.
    keywords: ambiguity; baraka; contemporary; events; everyday; fpi; god; habib; habib syech; indonesia; islam; islamic; journal; muslims; people; police; salafi; selawat; smell; social; stage; syech; way; world
       cache: ajiss-193.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-193.txt

        item: #808 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1930
      author: Meyer-Hoffman, Gretcheo Iman
       title: Pagans, Tartars, Moslems, and Jews in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales": By Brenda Deen Schildgen (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001. 183 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 371
      flesch: 60
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:3 Schildgen's study is a useful addition to Canterbury Tales scholarship. Drawing on Habermas's theory of practical discourse (in which discus­ sants engage in a discourse where each is aware of and open to the other's perspectives and interpretations), Schildgen argues that the Canterbu,y Tales is an excellent example of what Habermas has in mind.
    keywords: tales
       cache: ajiss-1930.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1930.txt

        item: #809 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1931
      author: Wilmsen, David
       title: Globalization and the Postcolonial World: The New Political Economy of Development by Ankie Hoogvelt (Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 325 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 284
      flesch: 46
     summary: Or, again, that world trade represented a greater percentage of world production at the beginning of the twentieth century, before the era of globalization, than it did at its end, when it was in full stride. According to Ankie Hoogvelt, this book is intended to introduce students to debates regarding the development prospects of the Third World.
    keywords: world
       cache: ajiss-1931.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1931.txt

        item: #810 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1932
      author: Ahmed, Nazeer
       title: Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identities in Islamic South Asia by David Gilmartin and Bruce B. Lawrence, eds. (Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 2000. 354 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 589
      flesch: 53
     summary: 136 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:3 Beyond Turk and Hindu: Rethinking Religious Identities in Islamic South Asia David Gilmartin and Bruce B. Lawrence, eds. Beyond Turk and Hindu grew out of a collection of papers presented at a con­ ference on Islam in South Asia, held at Duke University in April 1995.
    keywords: hindu; turk
       cache: ajiss-1932.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1932.txt

        item: #811 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1933
      author: Bemhardsson, Magnus T.
       title: Enemy in the Mirror: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Limits of Modern Rationalism: A Work of Comparative Political Theory by Roxanne L. Euben (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1999. 239 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 153
      flesch: 29
     summary: People with little or no training in Islamic studies have been paraded in front of viewers and readers presenting useless, and at times mindless, commentary on Islamic theology and fundamentalism. In recent months, the media has been saturated with endless discussions on Islamic fundamentalism.
    keywords: fundamentalism
       cache: ajiss-1933.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1933.txt

        item: #812 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1934
      author: Hofmann , Murad Wilfried
       title: Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad: Von Galizien nach Arabien 1900-1927 by Gunther Windhager (Wein, Austria: Bohlau Verlag, 2002. 230 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 413
      flesch: 60
     summary: Rachel Weiss) under Nazism, and Asad's attempts to save them from the concentration camps; his days at Vienna University, where he not only studied the history of art and philosophy but Book Reviews 143 Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad: Von Galizien nach Arabien 1900-1927 Gunther Windhager Wein, Austria: Bohlau Verlag, 2002.
    keywords: asad; weiss
       cache: ajiss-1934.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1934.txt

        item: #813 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1935
      author: Messoudi, Michele
       title: Faith Schools: Consensus or Conflict (June 27-28, 2002 • Institute of Education, London, UK THURSDAY 27 JUNE 2002)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 308
      flesch: 61
     summary: When discussing the academic achievement argument, he commented that GCSE results in faith schools are 12% higher than in non faith schools, which still made them more attractive, if not spectacularly so. He raised the issues of what justifies faith schools and distin­ guishes them from others.
    keywords: faith
       cache: ajiss-1935.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1935.txt

        item: #814 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1936
      author: bin Abdullah, Omer
       title: Reflecting on Islam in America: July 5- 7, 2002 • Chicago, Illinois
        date: 2002.0
       words: 633
      flesch: 45
     summary: So proclaimed ISNA secretary general Sayyid M. Syeed while inaugurating the sixth annual ISNA Islam in America Conference, which is now part of the American academic calendar. He vehe­ mently rejected the insinuation that American prisons are being used as breeding grounds for terrorists.
    keywords: american; islam; muslim
       cache: ajiss-1936.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1936.txt

        item: #815 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1937
      author: AJbarzinji, Zaid
       title: Fifth Harvard University Forum Islamic Finance: Dynamics and Development (April 6-7, 2002 • Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 48
      flesch: 29
     summary: 156 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:3 Fifth Harvard University Forum Islamic Finance: Dynamics and Development April 6-7, 2002 • Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Each year, the Harvard Islamic Finance Information Program (HIFIP) of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies organizes this forum. This year's
    keywords: harvard
       cache: ajiss-1937.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1937.txt

        item: #816 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1940
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7588
      flesch: 42
     summary: The Case for Deglobalization Before there was Occupy Wall Street (protesting growing inequality) and Black Lives Matter (protesting police brutality and systemic racism) to shake up the heartland of global capitalism, there was the Battle of Seat- tle in 1999, when over 40,000 protestors gathered to protest globalization. Politically, global capitalism seems to have undermined democracy, accountability of elites, and the power of politics everywhere, even if the ef- fects of other aspects of globalization (such as enhanced movement of peo- ple, ideas, and information) are less clear.
    keywords: american; capitalism; change; democracy; globalization; market; muslim; nation; new; order; people; politics; power; state; world
       cache: ajiss-1940.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1940.txt

        item: #817 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1942
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Tajdid, Islah, and Civilizational Renewal in Islam: by Mohammed Hashim Kamali
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1620
      flesch: 27
     summary: In his numerous writings, Kamali has unequivocally expressed his views on the reformation of Islamic law; over the years, he has developed a philos- ophy of, and has been engaged, in research on diverse topics within the paradigm of civilizational renewal (al-tajdid al-hadari) (see, for example, his 2008 Civilizational Renewal: Revisiting the Islam Hadhari Approach). The concluding sections “address the question as to how civilizational renewal (al-tajdid al-hadari) is to be understood in its Islamic context”, and finally ends with a conclusion and recommendations (1).
    keywords: islah; islamic; renewal; tajdid
       cache: ajiss-1942.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1942.txt

        item: #818 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1943
      author: Safi , Louay M.
       title: The Intellectual Challenge Facing Contemporary Islamic Scholarship
        date: 2002.0
       words: 298
      flesch: 41
     summary: While such individual actions as hunting for food or constructing a dwelling may arguably be possible without these abilities, collective action requires the development of shared meaning and common understanding through lin­ guistic discourse. When used as an instrument for expressing ideas and sharing feelings, it helps externalize individual consciousness and makes it accessible to others.
    keywords: language
       cache: ajiss-1943.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1943.txt

        item: #819 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1944
      author: Barhoum, Khalil
       title: The Israeli-Syrian Peace Talks: 1991-1996 and Beyond by Helena Cobban (Washington, DC: Un ited States Institute of Peace, 1999. 235 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 292
      flesch: 39
     summary: Book Reviews The Israeli-Syrian Peace Talks: 1991-1996 and Beyond Helena Cobban Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1999. Cobban's book draws on research she conducted for her 1991 book, The Super-Powers and the Syrian-Israeli Conflict, and her 1997 mono­ graph, Syria and the Peace: A Good Chance Missed Published and partly funded by the United States Institute of Peace, a federal institution cre­ ated by Congress in 1984 to promote research on the peaceful manage­ ment and resolution of international conflicts, the volume consists of eight chapters, supplemented with a forward by the president of the Institute, Richard Solomon, and a thirty-page section devoted to notes.
    keywords: peace
       cache: ajiss-1944.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1944.txt

        item: #820 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1945
      author: Ouis, Soumaya Pernilla
       title: The Environmental Dimensions of Islam: By Mawil Izzi Dien (Cambridge: The Luttenvorth Press, 2000. 190 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 639
      flesch: 46
     summary: Izzi Dien is one of the most prominent scholars in the new discourse of Islamic ecotheology, although he himself seldom refers to other Muslim scholars in this field, which somehow gives the wrong impression that he is the only one among Muslims dealing with environmental issues. Dr. Mawil Izzi Dien, Senior Lecturer in Islamic Studies at the University of Wales, has been writing about Islam and environmental issues for almost two decades.
    keywords: chapter; izzi
       cache: ajiss-1945.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1945.txt

        item: #821 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1946
      author: Kutty, Faisal
       title: Farce Majeure: The Clinton Administration's Sudan Policy 1993-2000 by David Hoile (London: The European-Sudanese Public Affairs Council, 2000. 120 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 104
      flesch: 61
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:2 Farce Majeure: The Clinton Administration's Sudan Policy 1993-2000 DavidHoile London: The European-Sudanese Public Affairs Council, 2000. Nobody knows this better than the Sudanese government.
    keywords: council
       cache: ajiss-1946.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1946.txt

        item: #822 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1947
      author: Ejobowah, John Boye
       title: Sharia and the Press in Nigeria: Islam versus Western Christian Civilization by Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa (Kano, Nigeria: Kurawa Holdings, 2000. 461 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 567
      flesch: 51
     summary: These are reflected in the highly polemical book in which Ado­ Kurawa tries to trace the origin and nature of what he calls the hostility of western Christian representatives towards Islam. According to him, the failure of the armed campaign prompted Christian clerics to embark on an intellectual attack that entailed the negative representation of Islam in scholarly writings.
    keywords: islam; nigeria
       cache: ajiss-1947.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1947.txt

        item: #823 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1948
      author: Langran, Irene
       title: The Brunei Constitution of 1959: An Inside History by B. A. Hussainmiya (Bandar Seri Begawan, Brnnei Darussalam: Brunei Press Sdn Bhd, 2000. 81 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 152
      flesch: 48
     summary: A historian, Hussainmiya's previous works include his 1995 publi­ cation, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and Britain: The Making of Brunei Darussalam. In The Brunei Constitution of 1959: An Inside History, B. A. Hussainmiya examines the formation of the framework for the nonviolent and gradual movement toward independence through the negotiations surrounding the 1959 constitution.
    keywords: brunei
       cache: ajiss-1948.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1948.txt

        item: #824 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1949
      author: Ahmad, Imad A.
       title: The New Mamlukes: Egyptian Society and Modern Feudalism by Amira El-Azhari Sonbol (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2000. 292 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 674
      flesch: 51
     summary: She finds that Egyptian society has not been static, waiting to be transformed from the outside, but dynamic, following its own cultural evolution. Ultimately, Islam has an indispensable role in the cultural effort to end the duality in Egyptian society.
    keywords: egypt; sonbol
       cache: ajiss-1949.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1949.txt

        item: #825 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1950
      author: Afsaruddin, Asma
       title: The Qur'an's Self-Image: Books, Writing and Authority in Muslim Scripture by Daniel A. Madigan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. 272 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 79
      flesch: 68
     summary: Book Review, 129 The Qur'an's Self-Image: Books, Writing and Authority in Muslim Scripture Daniel A. Madigan Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. Particularly illuminating are the author, Daniel Madigan's, clear and pr<r found engagements with the semantic content of key Qur'anic words like
    keywords: princeton
       cache: ajiss-1950.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1950.txt

        item: #826 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1951
      author: Erfan, Niaz
       title: Islam in Global History: By Nazeer Ahmed (Concord, California: American Institute of Islamic History and Culture, 2000. 861 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 667
      flesch: 59
     summary: This is because, as the reader discovers, it is not merely a chronicle of events of the Muslim world from the advent of Islam to the end of the World War I; it is a book which provides insights into the causes of the victories and defeats of dynasties as well as successes and failures of movements in Islamic history, and lays down the laws for the rise and fall of civilizations. It is to the author's credit that such a comprehensive and coher­ ent work on Islamic history has been produced.
    keywords: book; history
       cache: ajiss-1951.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1951.txt

        item: #827 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1952
      author: Hussain, Maria
       title: Fast Food Nation: By Eric Schlosser (New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2001. 356 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 144
      flesch: 61
     summary: The first, entitled The Founding Fathers, talks about how the mass production of the automobile transformed post-WWII American society and its land- Combining in-depth historical and socio-political analyses of the American food industry with an easy-flowing language style, Fast Food Nation is nearly impossible to put down.
    keywords: food
       cache: ajiss-1952.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1952.txt

        item: #828 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1953
      author: White, Svend W.
       title: Third Annual Conference of the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy
        date: 2002.0
       words: 312
      flesch: 32
     summary: Moataz A. Fattah of Cairo University closed the panel with an overview of empirical evidence about Muslims' attitudes towards democracy in The Compatibilty of Muslims' Beliefs and Democracy: Survey Results. Auwalu Hamisu Yadudu of Bayero University in no, Nigeria, analyzed the Shari'a
    keywords: conference; islamic
       cache: ajiss-1953.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1953.txt

        item: #829 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1954
      author: Nielsen, Jorgen S.
       title: The Contribution of Interfaith Dialogue toward a Culture of Peace
        date: 2002.0
       words: 308
      flesch: 35
     summary: The resurgence, in the last couple of decades, of political radicalism motivated by religion and expressed in religious terms, Jorgen S. Nielsen is a professor of Islamic studies and the director of the Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations at the University of Birrniogham, UK. Reflection The Contribution of Interfaith Dialogue toward a Culture of Peace Jorgen S. Nielsen Dialogue among the adherents of the major world religions has always taken place, especially, but not only, among the Abrahamic faiths: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
    keywords: dialogue
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        item: #830 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1955
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Overcoming the Cultural Divide 
        date: 2002.0
       words: 298
      flesch: 41
     summary: While such individual actions as hunting for food or constructing a dwelling may arguably be possible without these abilities, collective action requires the development of shared meaning and common understanding through lin­ guistic discourse. When used as an instrument for expressing ideas and sharing feelings, it helps externalize individual consciousness and makes it accessible to others.
    keywords: language
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        item: #831 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1956
      author: Fierro, Maribel
       title: The Advent of the Fatimids: A Contemporary Shi'i Witness. An Edition and English Translation of lbn alHaytham's Kitab al-Munaharat by Wilfred Madelung and Paul E. Walker. (New York: LB. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies (London), 2000. 326 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 292
      flesch: 39
     summary: Book Reviews The Israeli-Syrian Peace Talks: 1991-1996 and Beyond Helena Cobban Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1999. Cobban's book draws on research she conducted for her 1991 book, The Super-Powers and the Syrian-Israeli Conflict, and her 1997 mono­ graph, Syria and the Peace: A Good Chance Missed Published and partly funded by the United States Institute of Peace, a federal institution cre­ ated by Congress in 1984 to promote research on the peaceful manage­ ment and resolution of international conflicts, the volume consists of eight chapters, supplemented with a forward by the president of the Institute, Richard Solomon, and a thirty-page section devoted to notes.
    keywords: peace
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        item: #832 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1957
      author: Hoffman, Jamaluddin
       title: Between Jihad and Salaam: Profiles in Islam by Joyce M Davis. (New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1999. 339 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 416
      flesch: 53
     summary: This has given foreign correspondents, particularly those from first world countries like the United States, easy access to movers and shakers across the globe. However, while the repetitiveness of the responses obviates the need to study the book as a whole, individual interviews -placed in their proper context -would be a valuable addition to any reader on political Islam.
    keywords: book; world
       cache: ajiss-1957.pdf
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        item: #833 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1958
      author: Bokhari, Kamran Asghar
       title: Challenges to Democracy in the Middle East: By William Harris, Amatzia Baram, Ahmad Ashraf, Heath Lowry, and Yesim Aral. (Princeton, NJ: Markus Weiner Publishers, 1997. 132 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 266
      flesch: 40
     summary: Many scholars have attempted to tackle the question of why democracy has seemingly failed to take root in the Islamic milieu, in general, and the pre ­ dominantly Arab Middle East, in particular, while the rest of the world has witnessed the fall ofpax-authoritaria especially in the wake of the demer cratic revolution triggered by the failure of communism. The first composition in this omnibus is The Crisis of Democracy in Twentieth Century Syria and Lebanon, authored by Bill Harris, senior lee- 128 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 19:1 Ashraf, and Arat place emphasis on cultural factors.
    keywords: islamic; middle
       cache: ajiss-1958.pdf
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        item: #834 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1959
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Contemplation: An Islamic Psychospiritual Study by Malik B. Badri. (London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2000. 136 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 286
      flesch: 41
     summary: It differentiates between Islamic contemplation and the medita­ tion procedures offered by secular psychology. While meditation is primar­ ily derived from eastern religions and aims at altering states of conscious­ ness, Islamic contemplation is derived from Qur'anic injunctions and aims to seek insightful knowledge of God as the Creator and Sustainer of the uni­ verse.
    keywords: islamic
       cache: ajiss-1959.pdf
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        item: #835 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1960
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of the Prophets in the Age of al-Ma'mun by Michael Cooperson. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press???? 2000. 196 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 453
      flesch: 51
     summary: Although the caliph al-Ma'mun is famous for having appointed 'Ali al-Rida, his heir apparent, a move which has puz­ zled many historians, since he is also accused of murdering the Shi'ite imam. Ahmad ibn Hanbal's fame rests on his resistance to the Abbasid/ Mu· tazili Inquisition which al-Ma'mun inaugurated: despite imprisonment and flogging, he upheld the opinion that the Qur'an is eternal and not cre­ ated.
    keywords: chapter
       cache: ajiss-1960.pdf
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        item: #836 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1961
      author: Chak, Farhan Mujahid
       title: An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres: By Youcef Bedjaoui, Abbas Aroua, Meziane Ait-Larbi, eds. (Geneva: Hoggar Books, 1999. 1,473 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 312
      flesch: 36
     summary: Further disturbing, this charge against the Algerian authorities becomes increasingly credible against the backdrop of the hideous record of rape, tor­ ture and mutilation perpetrated by Algerian mjlitary authorities, well docu­ mented by independent human rights monitors and reputable reporters. Amidst this confusing scenario, An lnqui!J' into the Algerian Massacres provides a clear analysis of the beastly culprits.
    keywords: book
       cache: ajiss-1961.pdf
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        item: #837 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1962
      author: Khattab, Huda
       title: Islam In America: By Jane 1 Smith. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 251 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 756
      flesch: 58
     summary: The comment, the American Muslim community is deeply concerned that anti­ Islamic feelings on the part of the general public are growing rather than abating, exacerbated by international incidents of violence carried out in the name of Islam and abetted by the unfortunate portrayal of Muslims and Islam in the media. While stating that the majority of Muslims in the US are either immigrants or African-Americans, the author notes that there are significant numbers of converts from other backgrounds too; mention is made of Anglos, Hispanics and Native Americans who have come to Islam.
    keywords: chapter; islam
       cache: ajiss-1962.pdf
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        item: #838 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1963
      author: Ruano, Delfina Serrano
       title: Muslims, Their Beliefs and Practices: By A. Rippin. (New York: Routledge, 2001. 346 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 123
      flesch: 69
     summary: Delfina Serrano Ruano C.S.l. However, I have missed some refer­ ence to W. Hallaq, H. Motzki, D. Powers, and U. Rubin, who have recently questioned them.
    keywords: muslims
       cache: ajiss-1963.pdf
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        item: #839 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1964
      author: Fazili, Yousra Y.
       title: Perspectives on Islamic Law, Justice and Society: By R .S Khare, ed (Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 207 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 369
      flesch: 41
     summary: The unifying theme of the essays is the manner in which Islamic soci­ eties today are dealing with modernity and the manner in which technolog­ ical advancements and global changes affect Islamic societies and concepts within Islamic law. Though Islamic law has often been viewed as a sluggish monolith, it is actually a rather dynamic field.
    keywords: law
       cache: ajiss-1964.pdf
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        item: #840 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1965
      author: Kashif, Imam Ghayth Nur
       title: Rivers of Fire: The Conflict over Water in the Middle East by Arnon Soffer. Translated by Murray Rosovky and Nina Copaken. (Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999. 320 pages.)
        date: 2002.0
       words: 273
      flesch: 65
     summary: Written at the behest of the Israeli government, Soffer's introduction immediately raises serious questions for the reader to consider regarding the growing conflicts over water rights. Rivers of Fire was originally published in Hebrew (1992) and appears to shift major blame for the growing conflict over water rights to the Arab
    keywords: water
       cache: ajiss-1965.pdf
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        item: #841 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1966
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Conference on Islam in Africa: Global, Cultural and Historical Perspectives
        date: 2002.0
       words: 369
      flesch: 48
     summary: The first type has deepened the divisions and Conference Reports 157 From the conference's concluding discussions, it was resolved to organize three follow-up conferences in Africa: one in West Africa, another in East Africa and a third in Southern Africa. Conference Reports Conference on Islam in Africa: Global, Cultural and Historical Perspectives Academic studies regarding fslam in Africa have increased at a rapid pace over the past few years.
    keywords: africa
       cache: ajiss-1966.pdf
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        item: #842 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1967
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: Beacon of Knowledge: Conference in Honor of Seyyed Hossein Nasr
        date: 2002.0
       words: 337
      flesch: 52
     summary: In his opening remarks, Stephen J. Trachtenberg, president of the George Washington University, underlined the importance of the scholarly career of Dr. Nasr in bridging the gaps between the sciences and humanities on the one hand, and Islam and the West, on the other. As an old friend and colleague of Dr. Nasr, Critchlow emphasized Dr. Nasr's contributions to the revival of the study of traditional arts and the establishment of the VITA while at the same time providing insights into the personal friendship between him and Dr. Nasr over the last thirty years .
    keywords: conference; nasr
       cache: ajiss-1967.pdf
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        item: #843 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1978
      author: safi, Louay M.
       title: Islam, World Peace, and the Discourse of Revenge
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2204
      flesch: 53
     summary: For the last fifty years, successive United States governments have stood behind self-appointed leaders, providing them with financial and military support as well as security and political guidance. On television and radio talk shows across the United States, countless self-acclaimed experts on terrorism counsel that we strike back against a host of countries suspected of supporting terrorism.
    keywords: freedom; peace; states; terrorism; united; world
       cache: ajiss-1978.pdf
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        item: #844 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1979
      author: Hamid, Eltigani Abdulqadir
       title: Al-Mawardi's Theory of State: Some Ignored Dimensions
        date: 2001.0
       words: 7595
      flesch: 60
     summary: See Dr.Nassr Mohammed 'Arif, Fi Masadir al-Turath al-Siyasi al-lslami, (Herndon,VA The International Institute of Islamic Though, 19!24), 58; We shall attempt, secondly, to let al-Mawardi speak for himself, though only through a few selected and translated pieces of his work .
    keywords: ahkam; gibb; ibn; ideas; islamic; mawardi; power; religion; rule; social; state; theory; works
       cache: ajiss-1979.pdf
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        item: #845 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1980
      author: Hassan, M. Kabir; Islam, Faridul
       title: Prospect and Problems of a Common Market: An Empirical Examination of the OIC Countries
        date: 2001.0
       words: 8868
      flesch: 44
     summary: Annual data on bilateral trade flows among OIC countries has been taken from IMF’s Direction of Trade Statistics, and the SESRTCIC database. The UNCTAD and the United Nations COMTFWDE database have also been used to compare import and export trade flows of OIC countries.
    keywords: block; cooperation; countries; distance; economic; gravity; income; integration; intra; islamic; journal; market; members; model; non; oic; oic countries; trade; world
       cache: ajiss-1980.pdf
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        item: #846 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1981
      author: Poston, Larry
       title: Femininity Versus Feminism: Contemporary Islamic Perspectives on the Essence of Womanhood
        date: 2001.0
       words: 5971
      flesch: 48
     summary: Anisa Abd El Fattah of the National Association of Muslim Women writes in the Islamic Society of North America's Islamic Horizons that, It is UnIslamic for Muslim women to align themselves or associate themselves in spirit or deed with the enemies of Islam, and feminism by its very definition is in opposition to Islam. It is a threat because its call has great appeal to thousands of Muslim women that have grown impatient in the face of bidah that has found its way into our religion and that has manifested itself as an oppressive and sometimes violent force ...
    keywords: american; conversion; converts; faith; family; female; feminism; islam; muslim; western; womanhood; women
       cache: ajiss-1981.pdf
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        item: #847 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1982
      author: Bouasria, Abdelilah
       title: ISESCO and The International Knowledge Order: Pro-action, Reaction or In-action
        date: 2001.0
       words: 10090
      flesch: 49
     summary: The three strategies mentioned above are part and parcel of the - First, UNESCO masters the power of Knowledge as a discourse by the use of the forbidden, which is the “political”. Starting from the assumption that the burden of “cultural gate-keeping’’ rests heavily upon UNESCO’s shoulder, it is analyzed whether ISESCO can count as a counter-power.
    keywords: american; comparison; conference; countries; cultural; culture; discourse; general; international; isesco; islamic; knowledge; order; organization; sciences; social; states; unesco; view; west; world
       cache: ajiss-1982.pdf
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        item: #848 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1983
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: The Evolution of Early Islamic Ethics
        date: 2001.0
       words: 18395
      flesch: 63
     summary: Hellenic ethics have inspired Muslim philosophers from the time of Miskawayh to develop a more systematic exposition of Islamic ethics, and we hope that this review of the early ethics of Islam will provide a better appreciation of the early sources that have haped the ethics of later Islamic moralists such as al-Raghib al-Isfahani (d. 433/1050) and al-Ghazzaii (S05/1111), who have had a lasting impact on Muslim thinkers up to today. The Ethical Philosophy of al-Raghib al-Isfahani, p. 58f., for a comparison between Miskawayh and Galen. 132 The Amuicvl Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 18.4 142.
    keywords: adab; allah; arabic; aristotle; character; early; ethics; evil; fakhry; god; good; greek; hadith; happiness; ibn; islamic; knowledge; man; miskawayh; muslim; qur’an; reason; sciences; social; soul; theories; virtues; world
       cache: ajiss-1983.pdf
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        item: #849 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1984
      author: Ezzat, Heba Raouf
       title: Women, the State, and Political Liberalization: Middle Eastern and North African Experiences by Laurie A. Brand. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.320 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2798
      flesch: 45
     summary: References used for Comparative Remarks Dawn Chatty & Annika Rabo (ED.), Organizing Women: Formal and Informal Women's groups in the Middle East, Oxford Berg, 1997 Aua Karam, Women, Islamism and the State: Contemporary Ferninisms in Egypt, London: MacMillan, 1998. In 1991 Laurie A. Brand started her project to study the effect of those changes on women in the region.
    keywords: case; changes; islamists; liberalization; organizations; state; women
       cache: ajiss-1984.pdf
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        item: #850 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1986
      author: Meyer-Hoffman, Gretchen Iman
       title: Finding Fran: History and Memory in the Lives of Two Women by (Lois W. Banner. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. 243 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1594
      flesch: 67
     summary: The author is now a feminist history professor and her high school friend, Fran, is Noura-a Muslim living in Egypt Banner looks back on their lives to find out what led one to feminism and the other to Islam. In college they separate, Banner to UCLA and Fran to Stanford.
    keywords: banner; fran; noura; women
       cache: ajiss-1986.pdf
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        item: #851 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1987
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Current Systems in Psychology: History, Theory, Research, and Applications, by Noel W. Smith. Plattsburg, (New York: Wadsworth Publishers, 2001. 430 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2422
      flesch: 36
     summary: Part 11 covers the organocentric systems in psychology, which consist of cognitive psychology, humanistic psychology, and the psychoanalytic school of thought. Chapter 4 describes humanistic psychology, in which the author opines that topics like self-actualization, creativity, love, choice, etc. obviously sound more relevant to real life than the conditioning principles based on animal behaviors; although a learning theorist would argue that all human behaviors including humanistic ones can be explained by principles of conditioning.
    keywords: author; chapter; human; psychology; social; system
       cache: ajiss-1987.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1987.txt

        item: #852 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1988
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: From Wealth to Power: By Fareed Zakaria. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. 199 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2910
      flesch: 49
     summary: According to the state-centered realism hypothesis, Zakaria argues that statesmen will expand their nation's political interests abroad when they perceive a relative increase in state power, not national power, depending, that is, on the hction of the latter that the former can extract. In essence, we are having a situa- tion where national power explains state power.
    keywords: american; policy; power; realism; state; zakaria
       cache: ajiss-1988.pdf
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        item: #853 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1989
      author: Muallem, Ariege
       title: I Saw Ramallah: By Mourid Barghouti, Ahdaf Soueif (translator). (American University in Cairo Press, 2001. 184 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1535
      flesch: 73
     summary: Crossing the bridge invokes more emotions in him than actually standing on Palestinian soil for the first time in thirty years. I Saw Ramal/ah is about Barghouti's much-awaited journey to his homeland after thirty years of exile.
    keywords: barghouti; book; years
       cache: ajiss-1989.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1989.txt

        item: #854 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1990
      author: Kalyoncu, Sevim Sabriye
       title: Review of Istanbul: Between the Global and the Local by Ca-lar Keyder, ed. (Lanham, MD.Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 201 pages)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1697
      flesch: 37
     summary: Another negative aspect of the changes taking place in Istanbul, the unevenness of the development, is more common among global cities. Nevertheless, the changes in Istanbul are inadequate, according to Keyder, who describes an ambivalence towards urban entrepreneurship on the part of recent city leaders - especially those from the Islamist Welfare Book Reviews 161 Party - as preventing a more complete globalization.
    keywords: city; globalization; istanbul; keyder
       cache: ajiss-1990.pdf
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        item: #855 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1991
      author: Fleming, K.E.
       title: Nation and Religion: Perspectives on Europe and Asia by Peter van der Veer and Hartmut Lehmann, eds. (Princeton University Press, 1999. 222 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1572
      flesch: 38
     summary: This important new addition to the growing body of literature on nationalism, religion, and religious nationalism is the product of a conference on Religion and Nationalism in Europe and Asia, held in 1995 at the University of Amsterdam. While many edited collections, particularly those that grow out of conferences, are at best of inconsistent quality and at worst entirely lacking in coherence, van der Veer and Lehmann's Nation and Religion is striking both for the high quality of each individual essay it contains and for the depth and force of the overall argument that emerges from the volume as a whole.
    keywords: nation; nationalism; religion; van
       cache: ajiss-1991.pdf
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        item: #856 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1992
      author: Fadel, Mohammad
       title: The Rule of Law in the Middle East and the Islamic World: Human Rights and the Judicial Process by Eugene Cotran and Mai Yamani, eds. I. B. (Tauris: London, 2000. 180 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1780
      flesch: 41
     summary: In Chapter 4 Lynn Welchman presents the inherent contradiction between the Oslo peace process and the rule of law, insofar as the former has failed to take into account notions of international legitimacy represented by the principals of international law, in favor of the political realities on the ground. The second chapter, authored by Kilian Balz, deals with the interesting subject of the interaction between Islamic law as understood by the State, on one hand, and as popularly understood in civil society, on the other, and the legal resolution of conflict between the two in contemporary Egypt.
    keywords: author; human; law; rights; rule
       cache: ajiss-1992.pdf
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        item: #857 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1993
      author: Ibrahim, Zeinab
       title: Education In The Arab Gulf States and the Arab World: An Annotated Bibliography by Nagat El-Sanabary. (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991. 572 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1448
      flesch: 64
     summary: Women's Education follows with the same listing: Arab World (1330-1362), Bahrain (1363-1364), Iraq (1365-1374), Kuwait (1375-1390), Qatar (1391-1393), Saudi Arabia (1394-1445), and the United Arab Emirates (1446). Chapter Eleven, Curriculum: Science and Mathematics, starts with Arab States (676-683), then Bahrain (684-687), Iraq (688-694), Kuwait (695-700), and ends with Saudi Arabia (701-736).
    keywords: arab; chapter
       cache: ajiss-1993.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1993.txt

        item: #858 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1994
      author: Roochnik, Paul
       title: A History of Modern Yemen: By Dresch, Paul. (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 285 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1426
      flesch: 57
     summary: If you have time to read a single book on Yemen's recent past, Paul Dresch's A History of Modern Yemen is the one for you. Dresch, a University Lecturer at Oxford University's Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, elucidates the history of Yemen, starting in the 19th Century, with the British and the Ottomans vying for power and influence in this most ancient and original of Arab states, and culminating in Yemen's unification in 1990 and the Yemen-Saudi border settlement of 2000.
    keywords: chapter; dresch; south; yemen
       cache: ajiss-1994.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1994.txt

        item: #859 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1995
      author: Reid, Donald
       title: The Making of an Egyptian Arab Nationalist: The Early Years of Azzam Pasha, 1893-1936 by Ralph M. Coury. (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press, 1998: 528 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1594
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Amuicvl J o d of I s h c Social Sciences 18.4 Azzam was the most persistent of the old regime politicians articulating what Coury usefully labels Egyptian Arab nationalism. Book Reviews 179 The Making of an Egyptian Arab Nationalist: The Early Years of Azzam Pasha, 1893-1936 Ralph M. Coury.
    keywords: arab; azzam; coury; egypt; years
       cache: ajiss-1995.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1995.txt

        item: #860 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1996
      author: Sajoo, Amyn B.
       title: Human Rights and Revolutions: By Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, Lynn Hunt and Marilyn B. Young, eds. (Pennsylvania: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. 253 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1675
      flesch: 38
     summary: Although the sentiment is intended to usefully complicate the canvas of contemporary human rights discourse, it is curious that the nexus of religion with human rights and revolutions receives no analytical attention at all in the volume's twelve preceding contributions - not even in Lynn Hunt's otherwise trenchant opening survey of The Paradoxical Origins of Human Rights. Ostensibly, what this book casts as the paradox of revolutions, as both fueling and under­ mining the pursuit of human rights, is played out by revolutionary Islamic movements that profess liberation (according to their own lights), only to deliver repression.
    keywords: human; hunt; individual; islam; rights; society
       cache: ajiss-1996.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1996.txt

        item: #861 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1997
      author: Molloy, Rebecca
       title: Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam: By Rudolph F. Peters. A Reader Markus Wiener Publishers, 1995. 214 pages.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1549
      flesch: 46
     summary: As a recognizable component of fundamentalist jihad, the element of martyrdom (or the relevance of the martyr strategy) is surprisingly not elaborated by the author in later chapters within the context of the modem jihad doctrine. Through the vocabulary, the author adroitly strings together a variety of texts in subsequent chapters which all utilize terms and concepts such as dar al-Islam, believers vs. unbelievers, takfir (declaring someone an unbeliever), expansionist jihad, defensive jihad, jihad as international law, greater and lesser jihad, and more.
    keywords: author; chapter; doctrine; jihad
       cache: ajiss-1997.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-1997.txt

        item: #862 of 2426
          id: ajiss-1998
      author: Ozer, Murat
       title: Tulip in the Desert: A Selection of the Poetry of Muhammad Iqbal by Mustansir Mir. (Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. 158 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1598
      flesch: 73
     summary: 192 The American Journal of Islamic S o d Sciences 18.4 In the five poems of Chapter 1, “Being Fresh with God”, Iqbal addresses or converses with God in a manner that appears to be audacious. “The Human Condition” is the title of Chapter 4, in which four poems are collected representing Iqbal’s reflections on the situation of human beings as compared to objects of nature.
    keywords: chapter; god; iqbal; poem
       cache: ajiss-1998.pdf
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        item: #863 of 2426
          id: ajiss-200
      author: Rosshandler, Kareem
       title: A Review of Contemporary Arab Scholarship on the Use of Isrāʾīlīāt for Interpreting the Qurʾan
        date: 2019.0
       words: 7641
      flesch: 53
     summary: Muhammad Hassan Badr al-Din, Ishkāliyāt Mafhūm al-Taurāt fī al-Darāsāt al-Islāmiyya wa Dawruhā fī Nash’at al-Isrāʾīliyyāt al-Mubakkira (Tunis: Mu’minūn Without Borders, 2015), 2. 27. Muhammad Hussein al-Dhahabi,  al-Isrāʾīliyyāt fī al-Qurʾān wa-l-Ḥadīth (Cairo: Maktabat Wahba, 1970), 49.
    keywords: bin; christian; contemporary; ibn; isrāʾīliyyāt; muslim; narrations; prophet; qurʾan; scholars; scholarship; sources; tafsīr; use
       cache: ajiss-200.pdf
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        item: #864 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2000
      author: Mir, Shabana
       title: Windows of Faith: By Gisela Webb, ed. (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2000.295 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1764
      flesch: 49
     summary: Windows of Faith provides a space where Muslim women speak for themselves and challenge rigidly traditionalist voices that have often had hegemonic status in Islamic jurisprudential works regarding women. It challenges: elements within the Muslim and the non-Muslim imagination that define Muslim women as mute victims; western feminist patriarchy toward Muslim women; and also the Muslim cultural patriarchy that appropriates the sources of Islamic law and praxis yet, in the view of (probably all of) these women, has abandoned the essential Divine egalitarian purposes.
    keywords: islamic; law; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-2000.pdf
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        item: #865 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2001
      author: Sein, Layla
       title: The Thirtieth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2269
      flesch: 29
     summary: The social issues outlined and defined by Muslims and non-Muslims in these sessions did not only encourage a stimulating and lively debate after the panel and roundtable presentations, but they also advanced the development of the academic forum fostered by the AMSS, since its inception, to analyze the application of an Islamic worldview on social issues in the larger world community. In their deliberations during both plenary sessions, Muslim social scientists condemned the September 11 attack as a heinous crime against humanity, and examined concepts that are needed to assess how Muslims and non-Muslims can effectively address social issues that are crippling human evolution.
    keywords: american; conference; islamic; muslim; social
       cache: ajiss-2001.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2001.txt

        item: #866 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2002
      author: Akram, Ejaz
       title: The Environment, The World System & The Muslim Scholar
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1985
      flesch: 42
     summary: For Muslims to accomplish just that, they need to be aware of the historical and intellectual changes in world history that are rapidly leading to the destruction of the environment. Common sense suggests that this is the domain of environmental science and engineering, not the task of humanities and social sciences; scholars ought not to be occupied with how many species are disappearing, as that seems to be the domain of biologists.
    keywords: development; environment; growth; system; world
       cache: ajiss-2002.pdf
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        item: #867 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2003
      author: Hofmann, Murad Wilfried
       title: Governing under Islam and the Islamic Political System
        date: 2001.0
       words: 5891
      flesch: 66
     summary: The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood evolved to the point that in 1994 they officially accepted the right of Muslim women to vote, be elected, occupy governmental positions, and do public work in gene~il.4~ 10 The Amuican J o d of Islamic Social Sciences 18.3 Clearly, Muhammad Asad could not have swung Muslim opinion single-handedly towards Islamic democracy. There should be a plurality of Islamic political parties assuring rotation of power.
    keywords: democracy; god; government; history; ibid; islamic; journal; muslim; power; rule; state
       cache: ajiss-2003.pdf
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        item: #868 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2004
      author: Aydin, Mahmut
       title: Changing Roman Catholic Christologies: The Case of Hans Kung and Paul Knitter
        date: 2001.0
       words: 14773
      flesch: 53
     summary: In 1986, a number of Catholic and Protestant theologians gathered at Claremont University in the United States to discuss the issue of understanding Jesus Christ within the context of world Mahmut Aydin is an Associate Professor in the History of Religions and Interreligious Dialogue at the Faculty of Theology, Ondokw Mayis University. As a critical response to these bold attempts, other theologians have produced works which argue for the universality of Jesus, contending that Jesus Christ is the unique, normative and definitive revelation of God for all people.
    keywords: christian; dialogue; faiths; god; jesus; jesus christ; knitter; kung; new; people; religions; theology; uniqueness; world
       cache: ajiss-2004.pdf
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        item: #869 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2005
      author: Alavi, Gulafshan
       title: Muslim Parents' Activism in the Multicultural Education (MCE) Curriculum
        date: 2001.0
       words: 12848
      flesch: 57
     summary: Not only is there a dire need for teachers in Islamic schools throughout the country, but Muslim teachers need to be in public schools as well. Our data shows that the majority of the Muslim parents from Norwalk and a considerable number of Stamford parents did not know whether their children were in lower reading or math groups or higher.
    keywords: achievement; children; city; community; curriculum; diversity; education; families; group; involvement; islamic; minority; muslim; need; norwalk; parents; public; school; social; stamford; students; study; teachers; women
       cache: ajiss-2005.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2005.txt

        item: #870 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2006
      author: Vakily, Abdollah
       title: Methodological Problems in the Study of Islam, and Ali Shariati's Proposed Methodology for the Study of Religions
        date: 2001.0
       words: 7068
      flesch: 53
     summary: In fact, Ali Rahnema has explained that Shariati's formal discipline was the history of medieval Islam, and his doctoral dissertation was entitled 'The merits of BaM (a translation into French of a chapter of a thirteenth century Persian text). Methodological Problems in the Study of Islam, and Ali Shariati's Proposed Methodology for the Study of Religions Abdollah Vakily
    keywords: god; ibid; islam; islamic; methodology; new; problems; religion; shariati; social; study
       cache: ajiss-2006.pdf
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        item: #871 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2007
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: The Ambivalence of the Sacred: By R. Scott Appleby. (Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 429 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1930
      flesch: 39
     summary: First, it seeks to examine conditions under which religious actors become violent; secondly, the opposite circumstances under which religious actors reject the violence of religious extremists according to the same principles of religious sanctity; and thirdly, the settings in view of which non-violent religious actors can become agents of peacebuilding. Chapter 6 surveys the various functions and social locations of religious actors who work to resolve conflict nonviolently by serving as educators, advocates, intercessors, mediators and reconcilers.
    keywords: actors; appleby; conflict; islam; religion
       cache: ajiss-2007.pdf
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        item: #872 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2008
      author: Alameh, Lara Shahriyar
       title: Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East: The Egyptian Women's Movement by Najde al-Ali. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 282 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1700
      flesch: 45
     summary: Today, Egyptian women are very noticeably doing the opposite as a form of protest, while utilizing the same reasoning as before. In her conclusion, “Standing on Shijling Ground,” Ali reemphasizes her goal to legitimize the cause of secular women in Egypt.
    keywords: ali; egypt; secularism; women
       cache: ajiss-2008.pdf
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        item: #873 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2009
      author: Akbulut, Zeynep
       title: The Last Great Revolution: Turmoil and Transformation in Iran by Robin B. Wright. (New York and Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. 335 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2070
      flesch: 63
     summary: To sum up, Wright makes it clear that quest for empowerment in Iran did not ascend from heaven unpredictably in 1979. For Wright, Soroush (Martin Luther of Iran for some and also for Wright) is boldly reconciling Islam and modernity.
    keywords: chapter; iran; islamic; revolution; wright
       cache: ajiss-2009.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2009.txt

        item: #874 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2010
      author: Stockdale, Nancy L.
       title: Turks, Moors and Englishmen in the Age of Discovery: by Nabil Matar. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.268 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1694
      flesch: 39
     summary: Drawing on literary and historical sources from the Elizabethan and Stuart periods, Matar strikes at the heart of the Orientalism debate with a complicated yet plausible link between English representations of Muslims and native Americans and later imperialist racism. By stressing a triangular power relationship between England, North Africa and the Ottoman world, and the new American colonies, Matar convincingly argues that it was the very failure of the English to conquer the Muslims in the face of English successes in America against the indigenous populations that led Britons to transfer their ideas about savage natives from the American Indians to the Muslims.
    keywords: english; matar; muslims; world
       cache: ajiss-2010.pdf
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        item: #875 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2011
      author: Babana-Hampton, Safoi
       title: Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East: By Suad Joseph, ed. (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000. 400 pages.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1578
      flesch: 25
     summary: Using a cross- cultural comparative approach, the theoretical introduction as well as the individual case studies seek to challenge dominant (especially western) feminist models of analysis of the question of gender and citizenship in the Middle East. By arguing that the Arab-based constructions of identity reinforce patriarchal structures of domination, the author of the case study on Sudan describes the new model of Sudanese citizenship that emerged during the recent dramatic changes in the Sudanese political scene: a model that is free of gender hierarchical structures, and finds its main inspiration and endorsement in the Islamic shari’ah.
    keywords: citizenship; east; middle; volume
       cache: ajiss-2011.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2011.txt

        item: #876 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2012
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: First International Congress on Religion and Mental Health
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1464
      flesch: 38
     summary: A closer look at the nature of papers indicates that a majority were research papers, which showed a cause and effect relationship between religion and mental health. The tide is turning however; as increasing number of research in the West is showing indisputable evidence on the positive influence of religion on human thoughts and behaviors, specifically, in the area of mental health.
    keywords: conference; health; papers; religion
       cache: ajiss-2012.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2012.txt

        item: #877 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2013
      author: Akram, Ejaz
       title: Eighteenth Annual Conference of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies (ACSIS)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2365
      flesch: 50
     summary: Dr. Ahmed ventured into the philosophical subject of time. Dr. Ahmed said: I will argue that certain processes have been set in motion on a global scale, which have created conditions for the clear emergence of the signs, which indicate the end of time.
    keywords: conference; india; pakistan; time; turkey; world
       cache: ajiss-2013.pdf
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        item: #878 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2014
      author: Abdul Majeed, Nazeer Ahmad
       title: International Seminar on Shah Wali-Allah's Thought
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1291
      flesch: 29
     summary: The names of the participant scholars are as follows:Mawlana Ziauddin Islahi, Ms. Anjum Ara, Dr. Qaisar Habib Hashmi, Dr. Hamid Nasim Rafiabadi, Dr. Razaullah Mubarakpuri, Ms. Darakhshan Anjum, Dr. Zafar Ahmad Siddiqui, Mawlana Fahim Akhar Nadvi, Mr. Sawar Alam Nadvi, Mr. Fayyaz Ahmad Butt, Prof. Badruddin al-Hafiz,, Prof. Ehtesham Ahmad Nadvi, Mr. Ghazanfar Ali Khan, Dr. Masood Anwar Alvi, Prof. M. Aslam Islahi, Dr. A. B. Shabnam Subhani, Mr. Ibn Laiq Azmi, Ms. Saminah Bi, Prof. M. Rashid Nadvi, Dr. Zafarul Islam Islahi, Dr. Anjum Ara Anjum, Dr. M. Raziul Islam Nadvi, Mawlana Ashhad Rafiq Nadvi, Prof. Abdul Bari, Dr. Ghulam Yahya Anjum, Dr. Jamshed Ahmad Nadvi, Mawlana Waliullah Qasmi, Hakim Altaf Ahmad Azmi, M. Farmkh Jalali, Dr. Wali Husain Jafri, Mufti M. Mushtaq Tejarvi, Dr. M. Saleem Qasmi, Prof. Mahmudul Haq, Dr. Abdur Rasheed Butt, Dr. Tawqir Alam Falahi, Mawlana Habib Rehman Khan Nadvi Azhari, Mawlana Obaid Iqbal Asim, Dr. Abdd Majid Nadvi, Dr. Nazeer Ahmad Abdul Majeed, Ms. Shbnam Bilal, Mr. Shakeel Ahmad Samadani, Dr. Abdul Azim Islahi, Dr. M. Ayyub Nadvi, Mr. Ehsanullah Khan, Mr. Mohammad Muslihuddin, Mawlana M. Jarjis Karimi, Prof. M. Ijteba Nadvi, Mawlana Abdul Moeed Madani and Mawlana Nizamuddin Islahi. Prof. M. Hamid Ansari, the vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University, presided over the inaugural session of the three-day international seminar, which was held in the Conference Room of the Administrative Block.
    keywords: allah; islamic; prof; seminar; wali
       cache: ajiss-2014.pdf
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        item: #879 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2015
      author: Sein, Layla
       title: Second Annual Conference of the Center for the Study of Islam & Democracy (CSID)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1091
      flesch: 24
     summary: Furthermore, if institutions in democratic Muslim countries are developed according to western models, then the western model of democracy serves as the scale against which the compatibility of Islam with democracy in secular societies is measured. By outlining the historical development of secularism and its role in Muslim societies, the panelists did not only encourage Muslim activists to institutionalize democratic practices, but they also addressed Muslim scholars and activists from both the western and the Muslim worlds who are convinced that Islam is incompatible with democracy.
    keywords: democracy; islam; state
       cache: ajiss-2015.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2015.txt

        item: #880 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2018
      author: Anchassi, Omar
       title: Conquered Populations in Early Islam: Non-Arabs, Slaves and the Sons of Slave Mothers: (by Elizabeth Urban)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 4525
      flesch: 60
     summary: 9 Harald Motzki, “The Muṣannaf of ʿ Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī as a Source of Authentic Aḥādīth of the First Century A.H.,” JNES 50 (1991): 1-21. 1 ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī (d. 211/826), Muṣannaf ʿ Abd al-Razzāq, ed.
    keywords: abū; book; e s; islamic; s s; slave; university; urban
       cache: ajiss-2018.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2018.txt

        item: #881 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2019
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Religion and Public Life
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1694
      flesch: 42
     summary: For it is always easier to dissuade people from erroneous points of view when the latter are based on theoretical arpnents rather than religious convictions. And while shared religious conviction can create more harmony in the public sphere, the possibilities of interpersonal and inter-ctxnmunal conflicts are bound to increase in multi-religious societies.
    keywords: life; meaning; religion; state
       cache: ajiss-2019.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2019.txt

        item: #882 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2020
      author: Al Zeera, Zahra
       title: Transformative Inquiry and Production of Islamic Knowledge
        date: 2001.0
       words: 12363
      flesch: 46
     summary: Muslim students can contribute actively in deconstructing, constructing and reconstructing Islamic knowledge not only by choosing topics related to the Islamic ummah but, more importantly, by using research methods that are rooted in the Islamic paradigm and interpreting their studies from an Islamic perspective and within an Islamic paradigm. Transformative Inquiry and Production of Islamic Knowledge Zahra A1 Zeera Abstract Transformative inquiry is proposed in this paper as an alternative research method that emerges from the Islamic paradigm and leads to the creation of Islamic knowledge on one hand and inner self transformation on the other.
    keywords: experiences; human; inquiry; islamic; knowledge; methods; paradigm; personal; reality; research; research methods; self; social; study; transformation
       cache: ajiss-2020.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2020.txt

        item: #883 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2021
      author: Muhammad, Garba Bala
       title: A Critique of Theories and Theorizing in Social Sciences: Special Reference to Islamic Political Experience
        date: 2001.0
       words: 4437
      flesch: 39
     summary: Thus, theoriziag on Islamic political experience with one’s back turned on ijtihad is bound to be a useless exercise, as ijtihad represents a means of replenishing the depleted reservoir of stale ideas from the fount of authentic sources. Any general theory of Islamic political experience that does not fully incorporate this fact must forfeit all credibility.
    keywords: critique; experience; islamic; paradigm; religion; sciences; social; theories
       cache: ajiss-2021.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2021.txt

        item: #884 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2022
      author: Willett, Roger; Sulaiman, Maliah
       title: Islam, Economic Rationalism, and Accounting
        date: 2001.0
       words: 11885
      flesch: 45
     summary: Consequently, the frame- work within which Islamic accounting systems should take place is that which is based on personal accountability to an all-seeing God. Yet, most writers on the subject of Islamic accounting have argued that Islam does not recognise a distinction between the secular and the spiritual areas of life?
    keywords: accounting; baydoun; capitalism; economic; economy; information; islamic; london; muslim; press; rationalism; reporting; social; society; sulaiman; theory; values; willett; world
       cache: ajiss-2022.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2022.txt

        item: #885 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2023
      author: Yusof, Danial
       title: Redirection of the Sacred: The intricacies of Islamic meaning
        date: 2001.0
       words: 7622
      flesch: 34
     summary: He argues against adapting the term “ideology” to Islam, that it has no authentic traditional base and that ‘it is only when the traditional order succumbs to the modem world that the understanding of religion comes to the fore, with momentous consequences for religion itself, not to speak of the society which is ruled in the name of religious ideology rather than according to the dicta of the Shari’ah, as the traditional understood?8 Nasr considers that the contemporary polarity of Muslim societies and their method to achieve the Islamic end are antithetical to the principles of traditional Islam. He also Yusof: Redirection of the Sacred 103 insists that apart from these glitches, traditional Islam still reverberates among the vast majority of Muslims with a transcultural dynamism that will endure to the end of history.
    keywords: experience; institutions; islam; islamic; london; modem; modernity; muslim; postmodemism; religion; sacred; social; sociality; society
       cache: ajiss-2023.pdf
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        item: #886 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2024
      author: Momin, Abdur-Rahman
       title: Pluralism and Multiculturalism: an Islamic Perspective
        date: 2001.0
       words: 12912
      flesch: 49
     summary: (ii) I have tried to show that the prototype or model of Islamic society that existed during the time of Prophet Muhammad and the four caliphs sought to reconcile the conflicting demands of diversity and unity in a humane and democratic framework. This pristine model of Islamic society has inspired and sustained generations of Muslim scholars, sages, reformers and revo- lutionaries across the world.
    keywords: american; community; countries; ethnicity; god; human; ibn; identity; islamic; life; man; momin; multiculturalism; muslims; nationalism; new; people; population; prophet; qur'an; sciences; social; societies; society; state; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2024.pdf
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        item: #887 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2025
      author: Faghfoory, Mohammad
       title: Intellectual Discourse and the Politics of Modernization: Negotiating Modernity in Iran by 'Ali Mrsepassi, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. xiv+ 193 pages. Notes top. 215. Bib{. to pages 223. lndex top. 227.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2557
      flesch: 43
     summary: The author poses several questions in an attempt to provide a definition for modernity, and in the process explores the story of Iranian modernity. He analyzes some of the writings of such thinkers as Montesquieu, Hegel, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emmile Durkheim, Marshall Berman, Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, and more recent works by critics of modernity theories such as Edward Sai'd, Arturo Escobar, and Timothy Mitchell.
    keywords: chapter; iran; islamic; modem; modernity; revolution
       cache: ajiss-2025.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2025.txt

        item: #888 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2026
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: A Critique of W. Montgomery Watt and Others by Zafar Ali Qureshi, Idara Ma'arif Islamic, Lahore, 1992, 2 Vols, p. 1103.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 881
      flesch: 50
     summary: This opinion, however, is called into question by Qureshi, who believes that “Dr. Watt has presented a highly distorted picture of the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).” 162 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 18.2 Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: A Critique of W. Montgomery Watt and Others Zafar Ali Qureshi,
    keywords: islam; prophet
       cache: ajiss-2026.pdf
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        item: #889 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2027
      author: Yazicioglu, Umeyye
       title: Between Memory and Desire: The Middle East in a Troubled Age by R. Stephen Humphreys, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999, p. 297.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1427
      flesch: 53
     summary: That is why the main argument of political Islam is not right: the primary thing the Muslims lack is not to have the political power in hand but to recover the spirit and basic practices of Islam at a collective level. Humphreys' discussion not only will help the outsiders understand Islam and Middle Eastern phenomenon better, but also will enable the insiders to view how things look from outside and do self-criticism.
    keywords: author; islam; middle
       cache: ajiss-2027.pdf
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        item: #890 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2028
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Routes to Writing in Southern Africa: By Brenda Leibowitz and Yasien Mohamed. (Cape Town, South Africa: Silk Road International Publishers, 2001. p. 285. ISBN 1-875047-050)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1737
      flesch: 49
     summary: ISBN 1-875047-050 Writing is certainly one of man's greatest inventions, and good writing is a skill which elevates one's position in the society of the learned. While in the first part of the chapter, the author employs exploratory narratives on various academic issues, the second part deals with analytic style, reflecting upon the main issues addressed in the narratives and pointing out that developing good writing involves a very sophisticated and multi-pronged approach that takes time but can be achieved through practice.
    keywords: author; book; students; writing
       cache: ajiss-2028.pdf
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        item: #891 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2029
      author: Asutay, Mehmet
       title: The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey: Leiden: Brill. pp. 341 +xii. ISBN: 90-04-10791-6 (HB).
        date: 2001.0
       words: 6025
      flesch: 48
     summary: Even without any hesitation, it can be expounded that CUP policies were harsher than those of the monarchists. Chapter 5 is on the opposition to the new regime, and commences by criticizing the political discourse of the 'old regime' and CUP'S proposed ideas about the new political structure.
    keywords: chapter; cup; empire; kansu; prince; regime; revolution; turkish
       cache: ajiss-2029.pdf
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        item: #892 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2030
      author: Mir, Raza
       title: of Prophets, Pagans and the Middle East
        date: 2001.0
       words: 3285
      flesch: 54
     summary: Professor Haq positions postmodemism as the cultural logic of paganism, and as the epistemological context of all those impulses that challenge the prophetic and critical consciousness. Professor Haq has also been critical of postmodernism in his book, but his critique is centered around the issue of moral decay that is produced by postmodemism.
    keywords: book; critique; example; foucault; haq; islam; postmodemism; professor; world
       cache: ajiss-2030.pdf
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        item: #893 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2031
      author: Akram, Ejaz
       title: The Full Circle: Transmission of Ideas & the Muslim Social Scientist
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1473
      flesch: 51
     summary: Many of our readers and contributors have raised questions regarding the various definitions of social science and their relation to the scope of MISS. Definitions of social science have changed with time and place, and one of the reasons for that is not what is “social,” but what is “science”?
    keywords: science; social; west
       cache: ajiss-2031.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2031.txt

        item: #894 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2032
      author: Hussain, Waheed 
       title: Interpreting the Tradition: The Modernist Argument and the Sources of Islam
        date: 2001.0
       words: 7015
      flesch: 56
     summary: Interpretive manuals come in two distinct kinds. One kind of interpretive manual is made for participants in a social practice.
    keywords: islamic; manual; modernist; muslims; practice; rules; sources
       cache: ajiss-2032.pdf
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        item: #895 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2033
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Towards an Islamic Tradition of Human Rights
        date: 2001.0
       words: 12416
      flesch: 51
     summary: Examining areas of conflict between shari‘ah and human rights, he notes: Due to the timing of its development, it is hardly surprising that the classical shari‘ah differs from the modern idea of universal human rights. The notion of human rights represents a set of abstract values whose concretization is considered essential for ensuring a life of dignity.
    keywords: autonomy; classical; dignity; god; human; islamic; jurists; law; muslims; non; people; principle; rights; rules; shari'ah; society; tradition; women
       cache: ajiss-2033.pdf
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        item: #896 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2034
      author: Hassan, M. Kamal
       title: The Expanding Spiritual-Moral Role of World Religions in the New Millenium
        date: 2001.0
       words: 6673
      flesch: 50
     summary: They may not be in the majority, but their voices represent the moral conscience that traditional wisdom and world religions nurture. Realizing the profound impact of globalization by which the global market, labor, high technology, information, media, knowledge, skills, ideas and values become borderless at incredible speed, with far reaching consequences on local culture, personality, society and the holistic quality of life, several intellectuals and social activists of different religions in the Asia-Pacific region together examined the unprecedented phenomenon from the religious perspectives in a conference held in Malaysia in July 1997.
    keywords: american; asia; century; globalization; god; human; ibid; islamic; life; muslim; new; people; religion; role; social; society; values; world
       cache: ajiss-2034.pdf
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        item: #897 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2035
      author: Siddiqui, Omer
       title: Relativism vs. Universalism: Islam and the Human Rights Debate
        date: 2001.0
       words: 16491
      flesch: 56
     summary: Here is the emancipatory element of Islamic human rights. At the base, despite their similarity, Islamic human rights are built on the view that human society is God centered and as such humanity as defined by rights is dependent on revelation for this self-definition.
    keywords: duty; freedom; god; human; ibid; individual; islamic; justice; law; liberal; life; maududi; political; relativism; rights; rights discourse; social; state; traditions; universal; universalism
       cache: ajiss-2035.pdf
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        item: #898 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2036
      author: Ahmad, Ali
       title: Environmental Politics: Domestic and Global Dimensions by Jacqueline Vaughn Switzer, 3rd edition, Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2001, 336 pp.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2304
      flesch: 38
     summary: The third edition is remarkable for carefully updating a book that is reputed to be an information powerhouse regarding environmental policy, actors, disputes, and processes, up through the final years of the Clinton administration. The chap- ter provides background history about early concerns for environmental con- sciousness and awareness in the United states, and identifies five periods in the development of environmental policies.
    keywords: chapter; environmental; policy; process; states; united; waste
       cache: ajiss-2036.pdf
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        item: #899 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2037
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: The Psychology of Religion: A Short Introduction by Kate Loewenthal, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 182 pp.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 962
      flesch: 41
     summary: chapter five starts with a description of the early origins of religious feelings as explained by the psychoanalytic theory of Freud, the object-relations theory of Melanie Rein, and the attachment theory of Bowlby. The author points out that although spir­ ituality is common to most religions and cultural traditions, it can be a divisive issue and is actually outside the context of organized religion.
    keywords: author; chapter; religion
       cache: ajiss-2037.pdf
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        item: #900 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2038
      author: Haleem, Irm
       title: Women, Patronage, and Self-Representation in Islamic Societies: By Ruggles Fairchild (editor), Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2281
      flesch: 46
     summary: Hence, she states that “the matronage of a queen like Nur Jahan was not a singular activity but one which had as its larger context many sectors: householder women giving to Buddhist monastic complexes, a courtesan giving to a Jain complex, and royal women giving to Buddhist complexes” (p. 93). In her examination of elite Ottoman women Micklewright concludes that not only were women active agents in society, but they could be patrons of significant public architec- ture and could wield considerable political influence (p. 171).
    keywords: author; ottoman; patronage; societies; women
       cache: ajiss-2038.pdf
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        item: #901 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2039
      author: Hammer, Juliane 
       title: America in an Arab Mirror: Images of America in Arabic Travel Literature- An Anthology, 1895-1995 by Kamal Abdel-Malek (editor), New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000, 152 pp.
        date: 2001.0
       words: 1358
      flesch: 58
     summary: How do Arab travelers view the US? It would be interesting to study this creation of visual images of America in Arab literature further.
    keywords: accounts; america; arab
       cache: ajiss-2039.pdf
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        item: #902 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2040
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: The Genesis of Young Ottoman Thought: A Study in the Modernization of nrkish Political Ideas by Serif Madin, (Syracuse: Syracuse Univenity Pns, 2000, xii+456 pp.)
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2130
      flesch: 45
     summary: The ideas they struggled with, and the ways in which they constructed, disseminated and applied them, were destined to determine the parameters of modem Turkish political thought. Mardin Sustiflably turns to classical Islamic political thought for this historical background, because the Young Ottoman intellectuals were not systematic philosophers nor did their main interest lay in theoretical discussions.
    keywords: islamic; mardin; modem; ottoman; turkish
       cache: ajiss-2040.pdf
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        item: #903 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2041
      author: Ahmad, Fauzia
       title: New Landscapes of Religion in the West
        date: 2001.0
       words: 2211
      flesch: 39
     summary: Igor Kotin (Oxford University) provided an overview of religious centers in Southall, while Sewa Singh Kalsi (University of Leeds) raised questions over the changing nature of Sikh identities. He also drew attention to some tensions that arose Conference Reports 119 within Oxford University over the location of the Oxford Center for Islamic Studies.
    keywords: communities; conference; islamic; london; muslim; religion; university
       cache: ajiss-2041.pdf
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        item: #904 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2042
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Reason, Authority and the Text
        date: 2000.0
       words: 898
      flesch: 32
     summary: Yet, they all felt compelled to deny the relevance of religion and religious sources for human understanding and knowledge, and they were all deter- mined to establish the autonomy of human reason. Power of Reason The intellectual impasse we all face today may be traced back to the Enlightenment scholars' efforts to sever human values from their transcen- dental base, and to marginalize the irqportance of religious beliefs, or the lack thereof, in shaping the scholar's attitude, and in providing the tran- scendental presuppositions essential for social research.
    keywords: human; modem
       cache: ajiss-2042.pdf
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        item: #905 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2043
      author: Faghfmry, Mohammad
       title: Iranian Cities: Formation and Development by Masoud Kheirabadi, (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000, 89 pp.)
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1970
      flesch: 44
     summary: Taking all these into consideration, Kheirabadi studies the processes of the for­ mation and development of Iranian cities in relation to three sets of factors: the physical; the commercial and economic; and the religious and sociopolitical. The book is arranged in accor­ dance with the priority and importance of factors that contributed to the emer­ gence of Iranian cities.
    keywords: book; cities; city; factors; iran; physical
       cache: ajiss-2043.pdf
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        item: #906 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2044
      author: Golshani, Mehdi
       title: How to Make Sense of ‘Islamic Science’?
        date: 2000.0
       words: 8191
      flesch: 54
     summary: It is on this basis that we want to elaborate on the rel- evance of religious science, and in particular Islamic science. Thus, ‘Islamic science’ ascertains the relevance of scientific activities to Islamic worldview, which has impli- cations for both the theoretical and the practical aspects of science.’
    keywords: example; god; interpretation; islamic; journal; knowledge; life; nature; physics; religion; science; scientists; sense; theories; universe; world
       cache: ajiss-2044.pdf
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        item: #907 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2045
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Challenging Media Representations of the Veil: Contemporary Muslim Women’s Re-veiling Movement
        date: 2000.0
       words: 14554
      flesch: 64
     summary: We have become used to seeing western women almost naked in our streets, and if because of this, our women want to cover themselves in the new veil, then it is a welcome protest against indecency and our over- whelming past interest in all things foreign. Further, the operative word here is “once,” with the implicit assumption that some women (western women, Lemon) are no longer oppressed, but others (the veiled premedieval spectre) still are.
    keywords: class; covering; dress; egypt; hijab; ibid; islamic; macleod; media; middle; movement; muslim; new; social; society; study; veil; veiling; way; wearing; west; women; world; zuhur
       cache: ajiss-2045.pdf
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        item: #908 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2046
      author: Crow, Karim
       title: Nurturing Islamic Peace Discourse
        date: 2000.0
       words: 6889
      flesch: 40
     summary: The thought of important scholars, Khalis M. Jalabi and Jawadat Sai’d, is discussed as two examples of Islamic peace discourse. He further characterized the past several decades of Islamic discourse in America as reactionary, factional, archaicizing, and ritualistic; and urged Muslims today to consciously articulate clear positions on the burning issues of democracy, freedom of expression, minority religious rights, women's rights, and modernity.
    keywords: action; american; arab; contemporary; crow; discourse; ideas; islamic; muslim; new; peace; sa‘id; social; society; thinkers; thought; violence; world
       cache: ajiss-2046.pdf
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        item: #909 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2047
      author: Beg, Tahir
       title: Globalization’s Vulnerabilities and the Response of Islamic Economics
        date: 2000.0
       words: 9959
      flesch: 36
     summary: This article aims to highlight the perspective and philosophical-theoreti- cal premise of liberal global integration and the basic flaws therein (Section I), and points out that such globalization is bound to generate financial and banking crises, fragmentation of national economies, and immiserization of the world’s poor (Section 11). But before discussing the role and contribution of Islamic economics, a basic question must be asked: Does Islamic economics approve of liberal global integration?
    keywords: capital; countries; economics; economy; expansion; financial; global; globalization; integration; international; islamic; liberal; market; nations; process; social; state; system; trade; ummah; world
       cache: ajiss-2047.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2047.txt

        item: #910 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2048
      author: Ahmed, Akhar
       title: The Challenge of Islam in the 21st Century
        date: 2000.0
       words: 4769
      flesch: 60
     summary: Osama, bearded, in his traditional Muslim clothes, and speaking in Arabic of jihad; and Jinnah, clean-shaven, with his Savile Row suit, English accent, and Lincoln’s Inn legal education-here, neatly, we have the two extreme poles of political Islam in direct opposition. Reflect ion The Challenge of Islam in the 21st Century Akbar S .
    keywords: american; category; century; challenge; islam; islamic; muslim; social; society; states; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2048.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2048.txt

        item: #911 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2049
      author: Ghana-Hercock, Nazila
       title: Religious Minorities in Iran: By Eliz Sansarian, Camhridge: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Middle East Series, n.d., 228 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 2025
      flesch: 40
     summary: It also gives an interesting analysis of the interaction of the political, legal and social contexts, and their impact on religious minorities. While the reader may not expect more detailed attention to the pre-1979 his- tory of religious minorities than what the author provides, the choice of focus- ing primarily on the period up to 1989 is a little frustrating, as it begs the ques- tion of what changes may have accrued to Iran’s religious minorities since that time.
    keywords: iran; islamic; minorities; non; study
       cache: ajiss-2049.pdf
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        item: #912 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2050
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: Shattering the Myth: By Bruce B. Lawrence, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998,237 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 2751
      flesch: 45
     summary: In this sense and throughout his work, Lawrence subordinates and marginalizes Islam in favor of three determining, competing, and challenging Book Reviews 117 ‘metaphysical’ forces-history, nationalism, and economism. Lawrence’s argument is simple and seemingly straightforward, although, as he professes, at odds with most popular and academic understandings of Islam.
    keywords: islam; islamic; jihad; lawrence; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-2050.pdf
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        item: #913 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2053
      author: McDuffee, Allen
       title: All in the Family: By Michael Herb, Albany: State University New York Press, 1999, 351 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1925
      flesch: 53
     summary: Herb believes that rentier state theory has its place, but suggests that its affect has been exaggerated. Therefore, it seems reasonable if not necessary to turn to rentier state theory to explain the stabili- ty observed in Oman.
    keywords: family; herb; monarchies; state
       cache: ajiss-2053.pdf
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        item: #914 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2054
      author: Hammer, Juliane
       title: Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants by Barbara C. Aswad and Barbara Bilge (eds.), Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 954
      flesch: 46
     summary: 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 17.3 Family and Gender among American Muslims: Issues Facing Middle Eastern Immigrants and Their Descendants Barbara C. Family and Gender among American Muslims presents a multitude of theoret­ ical and empirical discussions about the issues of family and gender in various American Muslim communities.
    keywords: american; muslims; problems
       cache: ajiss-2054.pdf
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        item: #915 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2055
      author: Kelli, Deonna
       title: Islam and Society in the Twenty-First Century
        date: 2000.0
       words: 798
      flesch: 42
     summary: Participants reflected upon how globalization affects Muslim society and the cultural milieu of Muslims in addition to compromising the very meanings of Islam and essence of religious experience. Some of the audience members counteracted the presenter’s assumptions that globalization is a threat to Muslims, pointing out that Islam in its very nature is a globalizing force and Muslims can appropriate globalization for their own benefit.
    keywords: conference; islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-2055.pdf
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        item: #916 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2056
      author: Mian, Sameera
       title: Social Responsibility: Challenges for the Future
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1387
      flesch: 41
     summary: Paper sessions were organized around various subthemes directly related to social responsibility and the future. The direct link between the Conference theme and paper sessions encouraged a lucid and fertile ground for intense dis- cussion, paving the way for an emerging discourse on social responsibility in Islam.
    keywords: islamic; muslims; responsibility; social
       cache: ajiss-2056.pdf
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        item: #917 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2057
      author: Akram, Ejaz
       title: International Conference on Dialogue of Civilizations
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1194
      flesch: 45
     summary: Also, the reason that the proposal of a dialogue came from the Muslim side is because Muslim civilization, which shows visible signs of rejuvination, is under pressure from all sides, geographical and ideolog- ical. The conference was hosted by the Institute of Islamic Studies of London (11s) and sponsored by Shahid Beheshti University (Iran), Allame Tabataba’ee University (Iran), the Institute for Political and International Studies (Iran) and the Islamic College for Advanced Studies (United Kingdom).
    keywords: civilization; conference; dialogue; islamic
       cache: ajiss-2057.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2057.txt

        item: #918 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2058
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: God, Life and Cosmos: Theistic Perspectives
        date: 2000.0
       words: 572
      flesch: 36
     summary: The papers presented at the conference touched upon nearly all of the major aspects of the religion-science relationship: the rise of modem phys- ical sciences and the responses of the Islamic as well as Christian worlds, philosophy of science, modem cosmology, theory of evolution and its meaning for the religious worldview, history of Islamic sciences and its rel- Conference Reports 139 evance for today’s Islamic world, and the question of causality both in its religious and scientific context. Drawing on the traditional distinction between the transmitted (naqli) and intellectual (uqli) sciences, Chittick emphasized the importance of intellectual sciences in confronting the chal- lenges of the modem world.
    keywords: conference; islamabad; islamic
       cache: ajiss-2058.pdf
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        item: #919 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2059
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: The Critical Path
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1996
      flesch: 35
     summary: While the tradition of critical thinking they espoused continues to grow and flourish among many contemporary Muslim thinkers, the balance they maintained in criticizing the self and the other has been lost by a large seg- ment of Muslim intellectuals. For over a century now, Muslim intellectuals have been divided into two major blocs, the advocates of modernity and the defenders of Islamic tradi- tion.
    keywords: intellectual; islamic; modem; muslim; society
       cache: ajiss-2059.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2059.txt

        item: #920 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2060
      author: Jackson, Sherman A.
       title: Muslims, Islamic Law, and the Sociopolitical Reality in the United States
        date: 2000.0
       words: 13390
      flesch: 56
     summary: Such Muslims should seek to conduct their affairs in such a way that they do not contribute to the military strength of their host-country, such that other Muslims would suffer at the latters' hands. (on the margin of al-Mudawwanat al-kuM) (Beirut: D%r
    keywords: american; authority; example; fact; god; islamic; jurists; lands; law; maliki; muslims; non; politics; public; question; reality; rights; rules; self; social; time; u.s
       cache: ajiss-2060.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2060.txt

        item: #921 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2061
      author: Atari, Aref T. M.
       title: Christian “Service-Stewardship” and Islamic “Khilafah”: Emerging Models in Educational Administration
        date: 2000.0
       words: 11565
      flesch: 45
     summary: From this perspective, Islamic manage- ment is the application of khilufuh in an organization, and educational man- agement is the application of Islamic management in an educational setting. Islamic management comprises three main components: theoretical frame- work, concepts and observed behavior and outcomes.
    keywords: administration; american; approach; atari; christian; educational; human; islamic; journal; leadership; life; management; models; organization; perspective; religion; religious; scholars; schools; service; social; stewardship; values; work
       cache: ajiss-2061.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2061.txt

        item: #922 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2062
      author: Baderin, Mashood A.
       title: The Evolution of Islamic Law of Nations and the Modern International Order: Universal Peace through Mutuality and Cooperation
        date: 2000.0
       words: 10523
      flesch: 46
     summary: * Anderson also expressed the view that the classical doctrine of the Shari‘ah is “fundamentally incompatible with contemporary Baderin: The Evolution of Islamic Law of Nations 59 International Law, with membership in the United Nations Organization or with the Universal Declaration of Human right^.^ Khadduri thus viewed the entry of Muslim nations into the UN as a significant phenomenon that constitutes a departure from the classical religious ideology of Islam and separation of religious doctrine from the conduct of foreign relations.lO There are also some Shari'ah advocates who hold the hard-line view that the institution of the nation-state and modern internationalism are in con- flict with and in opposition to Islamic world order and, therefore, must be dismantled to facilitate the creation of a unified Islamic State. For example, in 1950, Khaliquzzaman, a leader of the then Pakistan Movement, stated that “if the Muslims started recognizing Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, or Afghanistan, which are Muslim states, as Islamic states, they would be guilty of dividing the Muslim polity for all time to come.
    keywords: charter; community; cooperation; human; international; islamic; law; modem; muslim; muslim nations; nations; non; order; peace; political; prophet; state; ummah; war; world
       cache: ajiss-2062.pdf
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        item: #923 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2063
      author: Barkcin, Savas s.
       title: In the Land of Free People: A Turkish Liberal Utopia between the State and the Individual
        date: 2000.0
       words: 7103
      flesch: 58
     summary: Agaoglu could articulate these views in the founding years of the Kemalist State because this position was also supported by the absolute leader, Atatiirk, and the hegemonic discourse of the regime. Agaoglu’s liberalism is an ideology where the State takes the center and imposes its values and lifestyle on the pe0ple.3~ The strict order that the Kemalist State relied on to materialize its utopi- an project, constitutes another aspect of Agaogu’s utopia.
    keywords: agaoglu; atatiirk; freedom; islamic; kemalist; land; liberal; liberalism; party; people; state; story; turkish; utopia; west
       cache: ajiss-2063.pdf
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        item: #924 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2064
      author: Islam, Syed Sirajul
       title: Civil-Military Relations: Western and Islamic Perspectives
        date: 2000.0
       words: 10185
      flesch: 53
     summary: The strength of civilian political institutions in the West can be measured by two key elements: first, the public support that politi- cal structures are able to aggregate; and second, the degree of mobiliza- tion.l0 In the West, there are publicly agreed procedures for the transfer of power due to the effectiveness of political institutions. Sirajul Islam: Civil-Military Relations 99 Religious Traditions A large majority of the countries in the West are rooted in Christianity which does not give primacy to military institutions.
    keywords: army; authority; civilian; countries; coup; ibid; institutions; islam; islamic; military; military relations; muslim; politics; power; prophet; relations; rule; social; state; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2064.pdf
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        item: #925 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2065
      author: Mir, Raza
       title: Passport Photos: By Amitava Kumar, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000, 308 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1410
      flesch: 65
     summary: Book Reviews Passport Photos Amitava Kumar, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000,308 PP- What does it mean to be a migrant, to be itinerant, to forever engage in a “dialogue of civilization”? In his bold new book Passport Photos, Amitava Kumar, a professor of English at the University of Florida, examines some of the problems faced by diasporic communities through the study of an important document, the passport.
    keywords: book; kumar; passport; words
       cache: ajiss-2065.pdf
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        item: #926 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2066
      author: Dangor, Suleman
       title: A Muslim Theory of Human Society: an Investigation into the Sociological Thought of Malik Bennabi by Mohamed Tahir El-Mesawi, (Kuala Lampur, Malaysia, Thinker's Library, 1998, 177 pp.)
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1985
      flesch: 47
     summary: He was so impressed with Bennabi's writing that when he contributed an article on the prospects of an Islamic theory of human society, he referred not only to the works of Ali Shariati, Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr, Murtaza Mutahhari, but also to Bennabi. The author decries the fact that Muslim scholars have not given Bennabi's approach to human society and civilization the attention it deserves.
    keywords: bennabi; human; muslim; religion; society
       cache: ajiss-2066.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2066.txt

        item: #927 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2067
      author: Roald, Anne Sofie
       title: Islam, Gender, and Social Change: By Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and John L. Esposito (eds.), (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, 259 pp.)
        date: 2000.0
       words: 2291
      flesch: 51
     summary: This victimization is partly a result of how Muslim women are often described from an outsider’s perspective, either from a Western or a secular Muslim point of view. Victimization of Muslim women is not only a feature in Haddad’s arti- cle but also in many of the other articles in this book.
    keywords: article; gender; islamic; islamist; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-2067.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2067.txt

        item: #928 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2071
      author: Al-Junaid, Syed Abdul Hamid; Anwar, Syed Aziz
       title: Behavioral Science Foundations of Organization Development: A Critique from the Islamic Perspective by Syed Abdul Hamid al-Junaid and Syed Aziz Anwar
        date: 2000.0
       words: 7592
      flesch: 46
     summary: In particular, it examines whether the behavioral cience foundations of organization development (OD) are relevant in the Islamic context. Notes l. For a discussion of the concept and theory of organization development, consult Wendell L. French and Cecil H. Bell, Jr., Organization Development (Englewood: Prentice Hall, 1984).
    keywords: behavior; change; development; group; human; interventions; islamic; leadership; man; muslim; organization; people; process; social; societies
       cache: ajiss-2071.pdf
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        item: #929 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2072
      author: Chirzin, M. Habib
       title: The Development of Civil Society in Indonesia and the Role of Voluntary Organizations
        date: 2000.0
       words: 6979
      flesch: 44
     summary: NGOs and PYOs carry out development activi­ ties in those fields, sectors, and regions which, for one reason or another, have not been included in government development programs. The analysis focuses on both internal factors of the NGOs and PVOs - such as the structure of the organization, the leadership, membership composition, strategies and aims, and level of operation - and on external factors - such as relationships with target groups and the surrounding community; sources of funds and resources that support the activities of the NGOs and PVOs; and the efficiency, effectiveness, and impact of various kinds of NGOs and PYOs and their programs.
    keywords: activities; community; development; government; group; indonesia; ngos; organizations; programs; pvos; pyo; self; social; society; target
       cache: ajiss-2072.pdf
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        item: #930 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2073
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Capitalism's Impending Dangers for Global Humane Development
        date: 2000.0
       words: 9706
      flesch: 39
     summary: The wide dif­ fusion of modem Western languages (in particular, English and French) and Wes tern cultural values into Third World countries is expected to be 56 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 17.1 endorsed by modem capitalist Liberal social scientists like Lerner, Inkeles, and Smith.35 For them, it is quite obvious that the diffusion of Western cul­ tural symbols into underdeveloped societies is a process that helps the pro­ motion of cultural development and is not a process leading to other under­ development, as we have defined it. In this sense, a psychological inferiority complex (psy­ chological underdevelopment) appears, thus, to harden the two dimensions of cultural underdevelopment and, consequently, contribute to the making of cultural alienation, a phenomenon which is widespread in underdevel­ oped countries, especially among groups with a Western educational back­ ground.
    keywords: american; capitalist; colonization; contemporary; countries; cultural; knowledge; nature; new; science; scientists; social; societies; study; symbols; system; underdevelopment; use; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2073.pdf
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        item: #931 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2074
      author: Mahroof, M.M.M.
       title: Toward the lslamization of History: A Historical Survey
        date: 2000.0
       words: 7827
      flesch: 58
     summary: The Moral Dimension and History Writing The Western discipline of history writing was in the initial stages in the hands of Christian ecclesiastics (clerics and clerks). This schedule of British history was linked to European history either by generalizing or specializing British constants.
    keywords: american; britain; british; century; class; colonial; european; greek; histories; history; history writing; instance; mahroof; middle; new; roman; social; sri; time; world; writing
       cache: ajiss-2074.pdf
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        item: #932 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2075
      author: Boase, Roger
       title: God of Battles: Holy Wars of Christianity and Islam by Peter Partner. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1998, 364 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1048
      flesch: 57
     summary: As Seyyed Hossein Nasr says, concerning the concept of jihad, Its translation into 'holy war,' combined with the erroneous notion of Islam prevalent in the West as the 'religion of the sword,' has helped to eclipse its inner and spiritual significance. I Partner also fails to explain that the purpose of jihad is defensive and that all forms of aggression are condemned in Islam: And fight in God's cause against those who wage war against you, but do not commit aggression -for, verily, God does not love aggressors (Qur'an, 2: 190).
    keywords: god; islam
       cache: ajiss-2075.pdf
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        item: #933 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2076
      author: Hunt, Sylvia J.
       title: And God Speaks to Muhammad: By Abdul Hamid Okine. New York: Vantage Press, 1998, 212 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1894
      flesch: 58
     summary: Book Reviews 103 And God Speaks to Muhammad By Abdul Hamid Okine. Communication between God and Muhammad takes various forms, depend­ ing on the circumstances: advice, warning, comfort, or explanation.
    keywords: god; muhammad; prophet
       cache: ajiss-2076.pdf
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        item: #934 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2077
      author: Nadwi, Riad
       title: The Great Themes of the Qur'an: By Jacques Jomier. London: SCM Press Ltd, 1997.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 2092
      flesch: 57
     summary: The Qur'an gives hardly any details about them (p. 89). For example he says, In the Qur'an there is none of the exuberant imagination found in Psalm 104 (p. 27), and The restraint of the style means that comparatively few creatures are referred to in the Qur'an.
    keywords: author; chapter; muslim; qur'an
       cache: ajiss-2077.pdf
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        item: #935 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2078
      author: Sillah, Mohammed Bassiru
       title: Islam in the United States of America: By Sulayman S. Nyang. Chicago: ABC International Group, Inc., 1999. 165 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1357
      flesch: 54
     summary: In chapter 7, Nyang discusses the role of the Islamic press and in particular the Muslim magazines, newspapers, and refereed journals produced in the United States. Another significant point the author raises in chapter 6 is the problem of identity that became a major challenge for North American Muslims.
    keywords: american; islam; states; united
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        item: #936 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2081
      author: Hewitt, Ibrahim
       title: Sex Education and Religion: Edited by Michael J. Reiss & Shaikh Abdul Mabud. Cambridge: The Islamic Academy, 1998, 277 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 1385
      flesch: 51
     summary: Or that thorn in the side of liberal sex educators: religion? The far-reaching implications of the debate surrounding sex education in state schools are summed up by the late Professor Syed Ali Ashraf in his Foreword to this book: We are up against a tremendous conspiracy to dethrone the religious concept of a human being from the minds of people.
    keywords: education; liberal; sex
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        item: #937 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2082
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America's World Role by Fareed Zakaria. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998, 199 pp.
        date: 2000.0
       words: 2960
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to the state-centered realism hypothesis, Zakaria argues, statesmen will expand their nation's political interests abroad when they perceive a relative increase in state power, not national power, depending on the fraction of the latter that the former can extract. In essence, we have a sit­ uation where national power explains state power.
    keywords: american; power; realism; state; zakaria
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        item: #938 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2084
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: The First Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (UK)
        date: 2000.0
       words: 3153
      flesch: 52
     summary: He credited American Muslim scholars like the late Ismail al-Faruqi of Temple University in Philadelphia for shepherding this social science group in its infancy and described how the AMSS successfully launched The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences in 1984/85. Professor Nyang urged the British Muslim scholars to persist in their efforts and to take full advantage of the social sciences in the defence and explanation of the Muslim experi­ ence in British society.
    keywords: british; conference; islamic; muslim; paper; professor; social; university; world
       cache: ajiss-2084.pdf
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        item: #939 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2085
      author: Poston, Larry
       title: Islam as "The Middle Path"
        date: 2000.0
       words: 6202
      flesch: 55
     summary: Reflections Islam as The Middle Pathu Larry Poston This article describes an observable pattern in Western converts' jour­ ney to Islam. Their search for spir­ itual and religious identity is usually not satiated by these alternatives and so they gradually gravitate toward Islam.
    keywords: american; christianity; conversion; eastern; faith; islam; islamic; judaism; muslim; new; religion; social; study; time
       cache: ajiss-2085.pdf
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        item: #940 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2086
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: Islamic Dimensions of the East Asian Economic Miracle
        date: 1999.0
       words: 5027
      flesch: 51
     summary: Perhaps this may be a reason why Islamic economies have not really materialized. Ribu is forbidden for Muslims not non-Muslims, and non-Muslims are not banished from Islamic economies, are they?
    keywords: asian; development; east; economics; economy; growth; interest; islamic; japan; region; social; societies
       cache: ajiss-2086.pdf
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        item: #941 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2087
      author: Ashour, Yousif
       title: The Importance of Murabaha in Long-Term Finance Programs in the Islamic Banking Industry
        date: 1999.0
       words: 5693
      flesch: 56
     summary: Since the start of the Islamic banking industry many questions have been raised about Islamic finance policies used by Islamic banks and their long-term finance programs. The questions normally are concentrated on whether Islamic banks should use rnurabaha in their finance, and whether Islamic banks heavily depend on it in their finance.
    keywords: banking; banks; finance programs; industry; islamic; murabaha; programs; term finance; use
       cache: ajiss-2087.pdf
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        item: #942 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2088
      author: Chapra, M. Umer
       title: Is Rationalism Possible in the Muslim World?
        date: 1999.0
       words: 12186
      flesch: 61
     summary: Its leaders were Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ari (d. 332./943) in Iraq and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333/945) in Central Asia, followed by a number of other stalwarts like al-Baqillani (d. Chapra: Is Rationalism Possible in the Muslim World? For some details about the extreme rationalists and their views, see Abd~imhman Badawi, Min tarikh al-ilhadfi al-Islam (Beirut: Al-Mu’assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li a l - b a t wa al-Nashr, 2nd ed., 1980); and also Badawi, “Muhammad ibn Zakariyyah al-Razi,” in Sharif, A History of Muslim Philosophy, vol. 1 (1%3), 4 3 M .
    keywords: abu; beliefs; ghazali; god; ibn; ibn al; islamic; muslim; philosophy; qur’an; rationalists; reason; religious; revelation; rushd; sciences; sunnah; views; vol; world
       cache: ajiss-2088.pdf
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        item: #943 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2089
      author: Jawad, Haifaa
       title: Women and Islamisation: Contemporary Dimensions of Discourse on Gender Relations Edited by Karin Ask and Marit Tjomsland, Berg, Oxford, 1998,1999 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1624
      flesch: 42
     summary: It endeavors to “analyze the ways in which Muslim women develop distinct voices and participate in Islamization processes,” thus setting new agendas and redefining their role in society. Second, this study considers cultural backgrounds, education, class, and age to consideration and assess Muslim women in their various national set- tings - once again in contrast to the usual Western studies that tend to lump Muslim women together into one category.
    keywords: feminist; gender; muslim; women
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        item: #944 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2090
      author: Robinson, Francis
       title: Islam, Modernism and the West: Cultural and Political Relations at the End of the Millennium Edited by Gema Martin Munoz, London: J.B. Tauris, 1999, 264 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1694
      flesch: 45
     summary: She considers the reform of European understanding to be a priority, not only because immigration has made Islam a significant European religion, but also because the presence of Muslim countries along the southern flank of the European Union makes understanding of Islam and these societies a matter of primary concern for European policy. 132 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16:4 Islam, Mode�nism and the West: Cultural and Political Relations at the End of the Millennium Edited by Gema Martin Munoz, London:
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; west; world
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        item: #945 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2091
      author: Anees, Munawar A.
       title: Beyond the Dependency Culture: People, Power and Responsibility by James Robertson, Twickenham, England: Adamantine Press Limited, 1998, 217 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1566
      flesch: 44
     summary: Robertson’s hypothesis is that “industrial society may develop towards the kind of post-industrial society in which peo- ple will be less, not more, dependent on money and jobs and public services.” According to Robertson, “the conflict between these two competing visions of post-industrial society can be seen ... as the motor force which is driving the post-modem evolution” @. xvi).
    keywords: book; future; revolution; robertson; society
       cache: ajiss-2091.pdf
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        item: #946 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2092
      author: El Diwany, Tarek
       title: Growth, Inequality and Globalization: Theory, History, and Policy by Phillipe Aghion and Jeffery G. Williamson, Cambridge University Press, 1998,207 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2017
      flesch: 52
     summary: Two ideas are generally handed down to the modem student of economics on the relationship between growth and wealth inequality. On the relative shift in demand for skilled labor over unskilled labor in devel- oped countries, and the resulting increase in wage inequality between those two groups, Aghlon examines three competing explanations.
    keywords: countries; growth; inequality; wealth; williamson
       cache: ajiss-2092.pdf
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        item: #947 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2093
      author: Kamal, Omar M.
       title: International Conference on Islamic Economics in the 21st Century
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2396
      flesch: 38
     summary: In general, the themes of the papers presented covered the areas of existing Islamic economic thought, Islamic economic institutions, economic cooperation and development, and Islamic economics in light of globalization. It also promoted cooperation at an individual and institutional level, reviewed the abilities of Islamic economic institutions, identified critical areas, and formulated plans to further contribute to the progress of Islamic economics in the next millenium.
    keywords: banking; century; conference; economic; islamic; malaysia; paper; university
       cache: ajiss-2093.pdf
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        item: #948 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2094
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: The Annual Convention of the Association of Muslim Social scientists
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1427
      flesch: 53
     summary: There was an effort to display recent publications of AMSS members. Highlighting the achievements of the outgoing board, he identified the two conferences held on Islamic philoso- phy, and the various panels that were organized at Islamic conventions and at professional academic meetings.
    keywords: amss; convention; islamic; muslim; new
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        item: #949 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2095
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Farewell to Mushtaqur Rahman: An AMSS Pioneer
        date: 1999.0
       words: 695
      flesch: 52
     summary: He was a founding member of the Old Students’ Association of Karachi University (OSAKU), which he served in various capacities. He was appointed Professor of Geography in the Department of Anthropology, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa.
    keywords: geography; rahman; university
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        item: #950 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2097
      author: Yavas, Abdullah
       title: Experimental Tests of the Moms Economicus: Implications of Research on Islamic Economics
        date: 1999.0
       words: 6852
      flesch: 51
     summary: The observed behavior in ultimatum game experiments, however, differs from the theoretical prediction profoundly. The debate was prompted by the results that were obtained in laboratory economics experiments where subjects were asked to make economic decisions.
    keywords: behavior; data; economics; experiments; game; homo; islamic; journal; market; player; social; subjects; theory
       cache: ajiss-2097.pdf
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        item: #951 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2098
      author: Chapra, M. Umer
       title: Socioeconamic and Political Dynamics in Ibn Khaldun’s Thought
        date: 1999.0
       words: 10743
      flesch: 59
     summary: In writ- ing this article, I used the one published in Cairo by al-Maktabah al-Tijariyyah al-Kubra which does not indicate the year of publication. 14,16,60,85,105-19 and 125); al-Mawardi (d.1058) also argued that the tax system should do justice to both the taxpayer and the treasury, “taking more was iniqui- tous with respect to the rights of the people, while taking less was unfair with respect to the right,of the public treasury” (Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mawardi (d. 450/1058), A l - A h al-sul- tuniyyah wa al-wilayat al-diniyyah (Cairo: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi, 1960), p. 209, see also pp.
    keywords: decline; demand; development; ibn; ibn khaldun; islamic; justice; khaldun; people; rise; role; shari‘ah; social; state; tax; wealth
       cache: ajiss-2098.pdf
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        item: #952 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2099
      author: Kahf, Monzer
       title: Financing the Development of Awqaf Property 
        date: 1999.0
       words: 11975
      flesch: 51
     summary: New Institutional Modes of Financing the Development of Awqaf Of course, new modes of financing investments in uwqufmust be derived from the same fiqh on wuqf and financing. This fund may also receive special cash waqf contributions that are assigned for the development of specific waqfproperties, either as additions to the waqfintended to be developed (in this case, the cash would be trans- formed into a material addition to the wuqfas building, equipment, furni- ture, etc.), or as special cash wuqffor development of certain kinds of wuqf property (such as cash wuqf for financing the development of educational or health institutions).
    keywords: assets; awqaf; bonds; cash; development; financing; hukr; islamic; land; management; mode; new; output; project; property; return; shares; social; waqf; wuqf
       cache: ajiss-2099.pdf
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        item: #953 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2100
      author: Koylu, Mustafa
       title: War Industry and Unjust Distribution as a Global Problem
        date: 1999.0
       words: 8956
      flesch: 66
     summary: By 1985 the external debt of Third World countries was about $750 billion - 330 percent higher than in 1975.” Although Third World countries, including Muslim countries, spend bil- lions of dollars on militarization, when we compare them with the devel- oped nations, they are (and will be) always at a disadvantage in terms of their economies, societies, and military powers.
    keywords: countries; distribution; gulf; iraq; military; nations; new; nuclear; peace; people; percent; press; social; war; wars; weapons; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2100.pdf
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        item: #954 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2101
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: Reason and Individual Reasoning
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2957
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is constantly appealing to human reason to nxognize and understand the true meanings of life. This standard and orthodox conceptualization of Ijtihad, theo- retically limits the role of reason to analogical thinking on mundane mat- ters.
    keywords: ijtihad; islamic; qur’an; reason; revelation; theory
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        item: #955 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2102
      author: Zaroug, Abdullahi Hassan
       title: Ethics from an Islamic Perspective: Basic Issues
        date: 1999.0
       words: 8004
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thus we may conclude that there are mainly two approaches to ethics: virtue ethics and action ethics. Action ethics considers the moral agent’s action - its nature or its consequences, or the principles from which it derived.
    keywords: action; behavior; ethical; ethics; good; ibid; islamic; law; moral; morality; people; qur‘an; social; study; system
       cache: ajiss-2102.pdf
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        item: #956 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2103
      author: Kobeisy, Ahmed Nezar
       title: Portrait of the Islamic Scholar
        date: 1999.0
       words: 5691
      flesch: 53
     summary: In an ever-changing world, the qualifications required to teach about Islam and Muslims must not be merely based on Islamic knowledge. Remand for Islamic Scholars With the phenomenal growth in departments related to Islam, Islamic civilizations, and Muslims, the demand for Islamic scholars is growing although not in proportion to the real need for them.
    keywords: american; education; fiqh; institutions; islamic; knowledge; muslims; new; scholar; sciences; social; studies; university
       cache: ajiss-2103.pdf
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        item: #957 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2104
      author: Khan, M.A. Muqtedar
       title: Islam and Epistemology
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1120
      flesch: 45
     summary: Indeed, the book was used as 8 launching pad for discussions on issues related to epistemology, Islamic sciences, Islamic philosophy, the tensions between reason and nxelation, and the differences between the legalistic approach and the philosophical approach. Over 35 students of Islamic philosophy came to the seminar from Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, New Yo& and California.
    keywords: epistemology; islamic; knowledge; philosophy
       cache: ajiss-2104.pdf
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        item: #958 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2105
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: Knowledge as Light
        date: 1999.0
       words: 6668
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the first part, we state and motivate the question of knowledge Kalin: Knowledge as Light 87 as a philosophical problem, viz., knowledge-qua-knowledge and not sim- ply knowledge as utility and power. ”l0 Knowledge as a way of conquering @e world is so deeply rooted in the consciousness of modem thought that we often associate the value of knowledge with its socioeco- nomic and political function: Knowledge is something noble for us not because it helps us unveil the meaning of the world but because it helps us control the world.”
    keywords: existence; experience; islamic; knowledge; meaning; mind; nature; philosophy; presence; self; state; subject; world; yazdi
       cache: ajiss-2105.pdf
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        item: #959 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2106
      author: Mir, Ali Raza
       title: Multiplicity of Knowledge Forms: Lessons from Islamic Epistemology
        date: 1999.0
       words: 3392
      flesch: 63
     summary: Increase me in knowledge. In the above verse from the Qur'an, God enjoins the Prophet Muhammad to literally plead for knowledge.
    keywords: book; epistemology; god; islamic; knowledge; object; philosophy; presence
       cache: ajiss-2106.pdf
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        item: #960 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2107
      author: Khan, M.A. Muqtedar
       title: Identity as Epistemology
        date: 1999.0
       words: 6086
      flesch: 54
     summary: The search for Islamic knowledges, be they science, philosophy, episte- mology, or social sciences, seems to suggest that values are prior to knowl- edge and that identity implicates epistemology. To be able to think as if there was no mas- ter, to begin thought from a state of freedom is the general purpose of the project to revive Islamic philosophy.
    keywords: book; epistemology; god; identity; islamic; knowledge; muslim; philosophy; presence; sciences; self
       cache: ajiss-2107.pdf
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        item: #961 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2108
      author: Berkouk, M'hand
       title: Origins of the Muslim Revival: From al-Afghani to Hassan al-Banna, a Century of Islamic Reformism by Tariq Ramadan. Bayard, 1998.479 pp
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1901
      flesch: 38
     summary: Although this book lacks in originality, it has the merit of offering French-speak- ing readers a new perspective on Islamic thought and movement - a perspective that is written from within the cradle of the movement (the author is al-Banna's grandson) and that reflects the aspirations and disappointments of its members. One hopes this will continue to generate debate on the issue of Islamic thought and movement without remaining a prisoner of the Jules Fenian cultural superiority complex that rejects anything that is not culturally French.
    keywords: banna; islamic; movement; thought
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        item: #962 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2109
      author: Ezzat, Heba Raouf
       title: Islam and Modernity: Muslim Intellectuals Respond Edited by John Cooper, Ronald Nettler, and Mohamed Mahmoud. I.B. Tauris, 1998. 228 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2175
      flesch: 38
     summary: In so doing, it attempts to pres- ent a new “map” that goes beyond the usual categorization of Islamic thought according to area, language, or school of thought. And finally, in the second, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid covers some aspects of Qur’anic poetic language, the expression of God‘s names and attributes in particular, and discusses the impact of such linguistic exposition on Islamic thought, Several basic assumptions are made throughout this volume on the relation between Islam and modernity.
    keywords: ideas; islamic; modernity; muslim; social; thought
       cache: ajiss-2109.pdf
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        item: #963 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2110
      author: Hunt, Sylvia J.
       title: The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern 1492-1800 by Robin Blackburn. London and New York, 1998. 602 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1612
      flesch: 55
     summary: What particularly distinguished colonial slavery from that of earlier times was the sheer size, organization, and influence of the system: The ‘‘acquisition of some twelve million captives on the coast of Africa between 1500 and 1870 helped to make possible the construction of one of the largest systems of slavery in human history” (p. 3). Robin Blackburn's mighty tome talces readers on a historical journey through three hundred years of colonial slavery in the New World.
    keywords: americas; author; book; slavery; slaves
       cache: ajiss-2110.pdf
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        item: #964 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2111
      author: Khan, Shiraz
       title: Islam Today: By Akbar S. Ahmed. London: I.B. Tauris 1998, 272 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2765
      flesch: 46
     summary: Moreover, the placing of such a controversial issue as that of the harem into historical per- spective is extremely important in tackling one of the most negative images of Islam pvalent in the Western psyche, namely, the sensual depiction and sub- servient status of its women. Although the author admits that this selective dip into Muslim history is simply an “impressionistic view” not restricted by regular chronological sequences, some could argue that these titles only serve to reinforce an already stereotyped image of Islam; however, one must also concede that this style of nar- rative makes sense.
    keywords: author; book; islam; islamic; muslim; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2111.pdf
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        item: #965 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2112
      author: McCarron, Kevin
       title: Megamedia: How Giant Corporations Dominate Mass Media, Distort Competition, and Endanger Democracy by Dean Alger. Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998, 277 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1646
      flesch: 43
     summary: nK overall picture of media control that Alger paints is a disturbing one. For Alger, a matter of even greater concern is that mass media have increasing- ly become the property of huge corporate conglomerates that he defines as ‘‘a cor- poses” @p.
    keywords: alger; book; mass; media; public
       cache: ajiss-2112.pdf
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        item: #966 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2113
      author: Bardakoglu, Ali
       title: The International Symposium on Islam and Democracy
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1234
      flesch: 39
     summary: Hans Koechler, professor of philosophy from Austria, gave a talk on the evolution and philosophical background of Western democracies in which he discussed the philosophical roots of the Western concept of democracy and the inconsistencies between theory and implementation in the West from an analytical point of view. Likewise, the argument that Islam is incompatible with democracy because absolute rule belongs to Allah is similarly weak, it harms Islam and hinders a healthy development of democracy in Muslim societies within the framework of the rule of law because it reduced Islam to the level of secular ideologies.
    keywords: democracy; islam; politics; process
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        item: #967 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2114
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: The World Congress on Mulla Sadra
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1384
      flesch: 51
     summary: Since Sadra's philosophical work is a bold attempt to synthesize the earlier schools of Islamic thought, namely mashshai philosophy, the school of ishruq, and the school of Ibn al-Arabi, these comparative studies provided a stimulating framework of discussion in which one can witness the continuity of Islamic philosophy. This will certainly be an important contribution to the study of both Mulla Sadra and Islamic philosophy as these volumes will, God willing, reach scholars throughout the world.
    keywords: congress; islamic; mulla; philosophy; sadra
       cache: ajiss-2114.pdf
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        item: #968 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2115
      author: Siddiqui, Ataullah
       title: Ismail Raji al-Faruqi: From 'Urubah to Ummatic Concerns
        date: 1999.0
       words: 11876
      flesch: 64
     summary: These influences of Hellenism and Buddhism among Muslims al-Faruqi terns “alien imports” and I.aises an accusing finger toward Junayd al-Baghdadi (d. 910) who, al-Faruqi believes, was instrumental in joining them “to the Arab ascetic love-of-God stream and vested them with Islamic, indeed Qur’anic, @m”ll Pre·Abrahamic Faith, Hanifism 1 and 'Urubah We begin where al-Faruqi began his exploration of pre-Abrahamic faith, in the religions of the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations.
    keywords: al faruqi; american; arab; christianity; concept; faruqi; ghazali; god; islam; islamic; jesus; knowledge; life; man; muslim; religion; social; stream; thought; view; world
       cache: ajiss-2115.pdf
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        item: #969 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2116
      author: Waugh , Earle H.
       title: The Legacies of Fazlur Rahman for Islam in American 
        date: 1999.0
       words: 8077
      flesch: 55
     summary: Those who would look to Islam in America for the development of this alternative will be disappointed American Islam espouses the same positions found throughout the Muslim world, despite its freedom to experiment. Finally, American Islam itself will doubtless influence that future through the peculiar impact that racial tensions have had on the growth of indigenous Islam in the United States.
    keywords: american; fazlur; fazlur rahman; god; history; islam; islamic; meaning; muslim; new; press; rahman; religion; social; text; tradition; university; world
       cache: ajiss-2116.pdf
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        item: #970 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2117
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. 
       title: From Islamization of Knowledge to Islamization of Education
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1980
      flesch: 47
     summary: Muslim reforms should honestly address these fundamental problems and avoid advancing futile and superficial solutions. In ten years from now Muslim intellectuals should be able to transform the Muslim cul- ture from one that is oppressive and individualistic to one that is generative and creative, a culture that will recapture the essence of prophetic style of turbiyuh, in which love, care and encouragement are the important means and methods.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; reforms; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2117.pdf
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        item: #971 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2118
      author: Khan, Muhammad Akram
       title: Islamic Economics: The State of the Art
        date: 1999.0
       words: 5960
      flesch: 50
     summary: Islamic economics research centers There are at least four research centers or institutes exclusively devoted to Islamic economics. This paper reviews the development of Islamic economics at various levels.
    keywords: banking; development; economics; humanity; institutions; interest; islamic; journal; muslim; number; research; social
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        item: #972 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2119
      author: Gilliat-Ray, Sophie
       title: Encyclopedia of Religions and Society: By William H. Swatos, Jr (ed). SAGE and AltaMira Press, 1998, xiv + 590 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1072
      flesch: 40
     summary: Despite the clear paucity of entries directly related to the study of Islam and the Muslim world, the encyclopedia is important to Muslim social scientists for a number of reasons. The need for Muslim social scientists to take their place alongside non­ Muslim sociologists of religion mirrors another parallel concern within sociol­ ogy of religion itself.
    keywords: islam; religion; sociology
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        item: #973 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2120
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: Liberal Islam: A Source Book by Charles Kurzman. Oxford University Press, 1998, 340 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1540
      flesch: 44
     summary: I shall therefore not even attempt to review or summarize the individ­ ual contributions, but focus on the author's rationale and his justification for considering this particular collection as representative of liberal Islam. The third tradition, “liberal Islam,” is the subject of this anthology.
    keywords: islam; islamic; kurzman; liberal
       cache: ajiss-2120.pdf
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        item: #974 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2121
      author: Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris
       title: Islam and the Discovery of Freedom: By Rose Wilder Lane, with an introduction and commentary by Imad-ad- Dean Ahmad. Amana Publications and Minaret of Freedom Institute, I997, 86 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1392
      flesch: 49
     summary: To understand the important place Mrs. Lane has given to Islam one has to understand the central thesis of her original work. However, in her understanding of Islam and of the politics of power in general, Mrs. Lane does not seem to fully appreciate the relationship between accountability and decision-making.
    keywords: freedom; islam; lane; work
       cache: ajiss-2121.pdf
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        item: #975 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2122
      author: Nourallah, Riad
       title: Atlas al Hadarah al lslamiyah: By Isma‘il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamya al Faruqi, trans. Abdul Wahid Lu’lu’a. Maktabat Al Obaykan (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and The International lnstitute of Islamic Thought (Herndon, Va., USA), 1998, 754 pages.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1685
      flesch: 47
     summary: For many years they had worked together, or individually, on many a project, book, and seminar - papers on music, compendiums on world and Asian religions, books on Islam, symposiums on the dialogue of the Abrahamic faiths. In the tradition of other Muslim harmonizers, and with a mix of gen- uine humility and some unconscious trepidation, they also stressed that their work was “a beginning.”
    keywords: atlas; authors; book; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2122.pdf
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        item: #976 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2123
      author: McCarron, Kevin
       title: Hidden Agendas: By John Pilger. London: Vintage, 1998, 687 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2651
      flesch: 58
     summary: Book Reviews 117 Hidden Agendas By John Pilger. Those who admire the work of John Pilger, journalist and film maker, will find much to enthuse over in Hidden Agendas, his seventh book.
    keywords: agendas; book; media; news; people; pilger; social
       cache: ajiss-2123.pdf
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        item: #977 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2124
      author: Khan, Shiraz
       title: Hidden Agendas: By John Pilger. London: Vintage 1998, 687 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2198
      flesch: 46
     summary: Book Reviews 123 Hidden Agendas By John Pilger. I started the review by stating that this book was an intellectual crusade on the part of John Pilger.
    keywords: book; media; people; pilger; power; war; world
       cache: ajiss-2124.pdf
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        item: #978 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2125
      author: IIIT
       title: Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations
        date: 1999.0
       words: 1821
      flesch: 43
     summary: The development of racial theory cornsponds with this shift in religious identity, and the reli- gious faith of conquered peoples becomes articulated within a language of race. Terrorism in the name of religion: perceptions and attitudes of religious leaders from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in the United States.
    keywords: islam; islamic; modernity; social; study; terrorism
       cache: ajiss-2125.pdf
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        item: #979 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2126
      author: Khaleefa, Omar
       title: Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?
        date: 1999.0
       words: 11241
      flesch: 55
     summary: The present study, however, attempts to show that Ibn al-Haytham laid the foundations of the above aspects of the experimental method. This study shows that in the eleventh century, Ibn al-Haytham made an original contribution to the study of vision, wherein his psychophysics borrowed its structure from physics and its spirit from psychology.
    keywords: bacon; book; eye; fechner; founder; haytham; history; ibn al; method; object; optics; perception; psychology; psychophysics; sabra; science; sensation; sight; study; vision
       cache: ajiss-2126.pdf
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        item: #980 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2127
      author: Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Islamization of the Curriculum
        date: 1999.0
       words: 6463
      flesch: 51
     summary: The training imparted to a Muslim must be such that faith is infused into the whole of his personality and creates in him an em& tional attachment to Islam and enables him to follow the Qur’an and the Sunnah and be governed by the Islamic system of values willing- ly and joyfully so that he may proceed to the realization of his status as khalifat Allah to whom Allah has promised the authority of the mi- verse?l Hashim: Islamization of the Curriculum 39 The third step is that the university or school curriculum should reflect the educational philosophy and, in fact, be the mechanism for achieving its goal. Curriculum is so important that it has been named the queen of educational sciences.
    keywords: curriculum; development; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; learning; man; muslim; objectives; philosophy; sciences; social; students
       cache: ajiss-2127.pdf
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        item: #981 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2128
      author: Iqbal, Zamir
       title: The Benchmark Issue in the Islamic Financial System
        date: 1999.0
       words: 3530
      flesch: 44
     summary: A profit maximizing firm will continue investing until the marginal productivity of capital becomes equal to the opportunity cost of capital; therefore, “cost of capital” in the Islamic system can be represented by the rate of return on altemate opportunities 48 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 16:2 for investment of comparable risk.5 It has also been demonstrated that there is a rate of return in Islamic capital markets serving opportunity cost of cap- ital, and this rate of return is also closely related to the rate of retum in the red sector of the economy.6 In the Islamic financial system, determination of prospective profitabili- ty and the rate of return on investments of the same risk class plays a piv- otal role in determining the relative cost of capital. Current Practice Currently, Islamic financial markets are dominated by short-term trade financing instruments.
    keywords: benchmark; capital; cost; islamic; market; rate; system
       cache: ajiss-2128.pdf
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        item: #982 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2129
      author: El-Sheikh, Salah
       title: Sirat al-Mustaqim and Hikma: A Qur'anic View of Socioeconomic Behavior, Economic Discourse and Method
        date: 1999.0
       words: 15880
      flesch: 56
     summary: In so doing, Bani Adam can enjoy the fruits of their labor as they fulfil the responsibility of khilafa, a task that entails the employment of God’s knowledge to preserve the life of all “nations” (umam), both human and nonhuman, and conserve the earth, that is, to pursue the “straight path,” al-sirat al-mustaqim. Nonetheless, God, being al-Rahman al-Rahim (the Compassionate, the Merciful) did not leave Bani Adam without means, for He endowed them with the riches of the earth and, above all, bestowed on them the unique gift of ‘aql (reason), which distinguishes them from the nonhuman nations (urnam) of animals and birds and qualified mankind to be God‘s khalifa to rule over the earth, its resources, and communities.
    keywords: adam; allah; american; economics; edition; encyclopaedia; god; hikma; human; islamic; journal; knowledge; life; mankind; new; press; qur’an; qur’anic; reason; sciences; sirat; social; university; verses; vol
       cache: ajiss-2129.pdf
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        item: #983 of 2426
          id: ajiss-213
      author: Belt, David
       title: Islam as a Platform for Politics: The Post-9/11 U.S. Conservative Popular Security Discourse 
        date: 2016.0
       words: 9966
      flesch: 47
     summary: Specifically, it examines how a segment of U.S. conservative elite and institutions – political entrepreneurs who were already involved in the U.S. culture war – seized Islam in the emotion-laden wake of 9/11 as yet another opportune field to advance their ongoing struggle against their domestic political opponents, “the Left,” and the more progressive societal institutions and culture broadly. Other conservative elites followed suit.
    keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; american; bourdieu; conservative; discourse; islam; islamic; left; movement; muslim; new; page; platform; political; politics; security; sharia; social; struggle; threat; war
       cache: ajiss-213.pdf
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        item: #984 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2131
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: Self and Knowledge
        date: 1999.0
       words: 3004
      flesch: 56
     summary: Many Muslim thinkers reject the proposition that knowledge about things in this world can be produced through reason and/or empirical observations alone and seek a missing Islamic ingredient that would interact with observed data and reason to produce Islamic knowledge whose veracity would be beyond doubt. I propose to elucidate this relationship and its implications by making a fundamental distinction between self and identity, and showing how there can be many identities but only one self.
    keywords: identities; identity; islamic; knowledge; self
       cache: ajiss-2131.pdf
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        item: #985 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2132
      author: Ali, Mohammad Mumtaz
       title: Reconstruction of Islamic Thought and Civilization: The Case of Islamation of Knowledge
        date: 1999.0
       words: 7159
      flesch: 50
     summary: The paper explores the rela- tionship between sociopolitical revival and intellectual revival and con- cludes that the reconstruction of Islamic thought is a prerequisite to the regeneration of Islamic civilization. The only fea- sible and viable solution lies, as it is argued by the pioneering thinkers of the movement, in the reconstruction of Islamic thought on the basis of a new methodology which incorporates the tawhid paradigm?
    keywords: abu; civilization; islamic; islamic thought; islamization; knowledge; methodology; movement; muslim; reconstruction; social; thought; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2132.pdf
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        item: #986 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2133
      author: Cetin, Abdurrahman
       title: The Place of Music in Quranic Recitation
        date: 1999.0
       words: 5150
      flesch: 77
     summary: Ibn Maja, Iqdma 176; Darimi, Faqii’il al-Qur’an, 34; Bayhaqi, As-Sunanu’l-Kubra, 11, 388. 16. Ibn Kathir, Faqii’il al-Qur’an (The Virtue of the Qur’an), 36. 6.
    keywords: hadith; ibn; means; music; prophet; qur’an; recitation; reciting; tone; voice
       cache: ajiss-2133.pdf
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        item: #987 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2134
      author: Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris
       title: Islam and Other Faiths: By Ismail Raji al-Faruqi, edited by Ataullah Siddiqui, Islamic Foundation and IIIT, 1998,370 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2714
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this, Islam is unique, for no other religion in the world has yet made belief in the truth of other religions a necessary condition of its own faith and witness. Islam granted the maximum respect and concession than can ever be given from one religion to another by recognizing the concept of tuwhtd, and there- by the one God, of other religions.
    keywords: god; islam; islamic; ismail; muslims; professor
       cache: ajiss-2134.pdf
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        item: #988 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2135
      author: McCarron, Kevin
       title: Harvest of Rage: Why Oklahoma City Is Only the Beginning By Joel Dyer, Colorado and Oxford: Westview Press, 1997, 292 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2774
      flesch: 52
     summary: “The Seeds of Influence” focuses on the nature and beliefs of these numerous, primarily right-wing Christian groups which have proliferat- ed throughout rural America in recent years, in particular those influenced by “Christian Identity” beliefs. He writes: Farmers and others in rural America aren’t like the rest of us who make our way in the cities and suburbs.
    keywords: america; book; christian; dyer; groups; identity; rural
       cache: ajiss-2135.pdf
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        item: #989 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2136
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Paradise Lost: By C.A.O. van Nieuwenhuijze, Leiden: Brill, 1997, 421 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 4861
      flesch: 41
     summary: One such instance, discussed rather extensively by van Nieuwenhuijze, is the “development” policies adopted by many Arab/Muslim countries, which in their subsequently exposed irrelevance turned out to reflect nothing more than a Westem worldview of economism, a view which ignores the “noneco- nomic” realities of the recipient societies (p. 11). Fundamentalists, according to van Nieuwenhuijze, are no solution to this problem.
    keywords: arab; chapter; identity; interaction; islam; islamic; nieuwenhuijze; truth; van; west
       cache: ajiss-2136.pdf
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        item: #990 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2137
      author: Ezzat, Heba Raouf
       title: The Pure and Powerful: Studies in Contemporary Muslim Society by Nadia Abu-Zahra. lthaca Press, 1997, 320 pp.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 2511
      flesch: 41
     summary: The connection people make between their practices and Islamic traditions is crucial for the study of how Islam is variously integrated and practiced in different societies. First, she goes on to demon- strate how the performance of a certain set of Islamic rituals dovetails Islamic prescriptions with social traditions, therevy showing how an analysis which would separate the two would result in a distortion of social realities and obscure any real understanding of Muslim society.
    keywords: islamic; people; rituals; sayyida; women
       cache: ajiss-2137.pdf
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        item: #991 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2138
      author: Agbere, Dawud Abdul-Aziz
       title: Islam in the African-American Experience: By Richard Brent Turner, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1997.
        date: 1999.0
       words: 3076
      flesch: 48
     summary: American Islam, he asserts in the epilogue, has arrived at the center stage of America. This racial-separatist model of West African Islam was incorporated into African-American Islam through African-American Muslim leaders’ contact with Pan-Africanism.
    keywords: african; american; author; black; islam; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2138.pdf
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        item: #992 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2139
      author: Braibanti, Ralph
       title: Islam and the West: Common Cause or Clash?
        date: 1999.0
       words: 17243
      flesch: 54
     summary: In the case of Iran and Taliban Afghanistan, a total revolution casts out all Western influ- ence and asserts the exclusivity of Muslim values, There is the possibility that other Muslim states may follow this revolutionary path, thus lending some validity to a forecast of clash. Within the realm of Islam, the recovery of Islamic identity provides a glirnmer of optimism for the resuscitation and radiation of Muslim values held dear by all civiliza- tions.
    keywords: action; american; arab; braibanti; catholic; cause; christian; christianity; clash; conference; council; family; god; groups; incidents; islam; islamic; john; journal; law; muslim; muslim world; nature; new; non; paul; press; saudi; sciences; social; states; terrorism; united; university; values; vatican; west; world; years; york
       cache: ajiss-2139.pdf
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        item: #993 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2140
      author: Atari, Aref T. M.
       title: Prolegomena for an Islamic Perspective of Educational Management
        date: 1999.0
       words: 13684
      flesch: 42
     summary: Bajunid (see endnote 6) observes that much of the literature on Islamic perspectives of management is necessarily perspective and normative, not descriptive, because of the primary approach from the perspective of faith and revealed truths. Instilling Islamic values, nurturing God-consciousness, satisfying spiritual needs, creating an awareness of the hereafter, spreading the Islamic atmos- phere in the workplace, and promoting healthy relationships should be complementary to the 3Es.
    keywords: administration; american; approach; atari; beings; communication; human; islamic; islamic perspective; journal; knowledge; leadership; literature; management; muslims; practice; scholars; sciences; self; sense; social; source; staff; teachers; theory; time; values
       cache: ajiss-2140.pdf
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        item: #994 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2141
      author: Hofmann, Murad Wilfried
       title: On the Development of Islamic Jurisprudence
        date: 1999.0
       words: 8402
      flesch: 57
     summary: Given fa guerre du foulard (the war of scarves) in France in 1989, and the discrimination felt by Muslim women in the West simply for covering their hair, it is entirely normal that modem-day Muslim lawyers tackle this issue in their attempt to draw the correct line between Islam as a religion and Islam as a civilization. From here, through a double deduction, Islamic jurists arrived not only at gender segregation but at the virtual seclusion of Muslim women in gener- al not only within their abodes but in the street as well-and their total coverage, even of their faces.
    keywords: asad; democracy; development; fathi; hassan; islamic; jurisprudence; law; legal; muhammad; muslim; osman; qur’an; rights; shari’ah; state; sunnah; verse; west; women
       cache: ajiss-2141.pdf
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        item: #995 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2142
      author: Malkawi, Fathi
       title: Editorial
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1427
      flesch: 45
     summary: psychology has reached the state of a revolutionary science, where two main paradigms, cognitive psychology and human psychology, are competing with each other. Or, Muslim scholars advanced by classical Islamic heritage in order to identify initiatives in psychology that we= advanced by classical Islamic scholars, and begin endeavors to develop Islamic psychology from there.
    keywords: behavior; human; psychology; science
       cache: ajiss-2142.pdf
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        item: #996 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2143
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration from an Islamic Perspective
        date: 1998.0
       words: 8763
      flesch: 49
     summary: Fifth, Muslim psychologists should incorporate Islamic ethics into psychol- ogy, as psychology relates to people and changing people’s behavior for the Haque: Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration 111 better. For a detailed description of “Eastern” traditions in psychology, see James Brennan, History and Systems of Psychology, 4th ed., (Prentice Hall, 1994).
    keywords: american; behavior; human; integration; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; life; muslim; nature; new; psychological; psychologists; psychology; relationship; religion; science; social; study
       cache: ajiss-2143.pdf
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        item: #997 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2144
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Islamization of Psychology: From Adaptation to Sublimation
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3309
      flesch: 40
     summary: Similarly, Skinner‘s conception of human nature can be summarized as fo~lows: - - human behavior is determined by external conditions, hence, identical human conditions produce identical patterns of behavior; mend structures, such as intention or will, are insignificant to under- standing human behavior; and therefore, the empirical study of human behavior is the only scientific method for making inferences about human psychology. But while early Muslim psychological writings can suggest to us some useful models of how we can draw on Divine wisdom embedded in revelation, they do not (by any means) amount to a full-fledged theory of human psychology, as the subsequent discussion illustrates.
    keywords: action; human; nature; psychology; sciences; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2144.pdf
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        item: #998 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2145
      author: Watanabe, Sabeena M.
       title: The AIDS Crisis: An Islamic Sociocultural Perspective by Malik Badri, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 1997.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1343
      flesch: 55
     summary: Imams were invited from provincial areas to participate in a workshop of the Islamic model of AIDS prevention. As to the role of sex education and AIDS prevention, Badri believes that sex education should be taught along with wudhu and prayers by the Islamic stud- ies teachers.
    keywords: aids; badri; book; islamic
       cache: ajiss-2145.pdf
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        item: #999 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2146
      author: Shoaee, R. Sarah
       title: Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Individual and Organizational Development by D. W. Sue et al., Multicultural Aspects of Counseling Series, no. 11, series ed. Paul Anderson, London and New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998, xiv + 161 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1397
      flesch: 35
     summary: This book is a valuable publication for training counselors and psychothera­ pists, as well as a useful tool for those interested in developing a therapeutic model based on the teachings of Islam for working with Muslim clients. The book discusses in detail the characteristics of multiculturalism and sug­ gests models to bring change to the organizational level; it has the potential to encourage much-needed attention to Abrahamic traditions, and in particular to Islam, and it can provide a favorable background for Islamization efforts in psychology and counseling and for the treatment of Muslim clients.
    keywords: american; book; clients; counselors
       cache: ajiss-2146.pdf
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        item: #1000 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2147
      author: Ahmed, Mohamed Wagialla
       title: The Problems of Ideas in the Muslim World: By Malik Bennabi, trans. and annotated by Mohamed Tahir al-Messawi, Budaya llmu sdn., Bhd, Malaysia: Dar al Hadara.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1049
      flesch: 56
     summary: Bennabi stresses the importance of providing Islamic ideas with what enables them to stand up to the spirit of the age. These are dead ideas and deadly ideas.
    keywords: ideas; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-2147.pdf
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        item: #1001 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2148
      author: Alawneh, Shafiq F.
       title: Freudian Fraud: The Malignant Effect of Freud's Theory on American Thought and Culture by E. Fuller Torrey, Harper Collins, 1992, 362 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2495
      flesch: 51
     summary: For a number of reasons, Freud‘s ideas were easily disseminated in America: the bloody struggle between Stalin and Lenin made Freud a surrogate for Marx. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15:4 Chapter one lays out the basics of Freud’s theory, the immigration of the the- ory to America, and the characteristics of Freud himself: his relationship with sexual freedom, social reform, his orientation toward fame and cocaine, and his strong belief in occultism.
    keywords: american; chapter; freud; ideas; sex; theory
       cache: ajiss-2148.pdf
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        item: #1002 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2149
      author: Shakoor, Muhyiddin
       title: Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline by Michael Cole. Harvard University Press, 1996. 400 pages.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1799
      flesch: 43
     summary: In Cole’s view, cultural psychology was there, he says, “in the beginning” (p. 4). In Chapter Two, the author traces the major attempts to apply the strategy of cross-cultural research.
    keywords: approach; chapter; cole; culture; psychology
       cache: ajiss-2149.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2149.txt

        item: #1003 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2150
      author: Kelli, Deonna
       title: The Postcolonial Crescent: Islam's Impact on Contemporary Literature by John C. Hawley, editor, New York, Peter Lang Publishing, 1998.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2128
      flesch: 41
     summary: The book uses fiction written by Muslims to critique the effects of colonialism, counter­ act modernity, and question the status of Islamic identity in the contemporary world. Literary expressions of Islamic identity are explored in “Artistic Creativity in Islamic Contexts” by Mohammed Arkoun.
    keywords: book; identity; islamic; literature; muslim; society
       cache: ajiss-2150.pdf
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        item: #1004 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2151
      author: Kucukcan, Talip
       title: Religion and Locality Conference
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1452
      flesch: 40
     summary: He also drew attention to 1ocaVtransnational dimensions of religious communities and argued that “glocalization” was taking place. Addressing methodological issues, Knott and Willmer stated that anthropology, sociology, geography, history, as well as religious studies can provide insightful approaches and useful theoretical perspectives to explore different aspects of religion and locality.
    keywords: locality; religion; university
       cache: ajiss-2151.pdf
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        item: #1005 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2152
      author: Badri, Malik B.
       title: Training of Psychosocial and Medical Practitioners in Fighting Substance Addiction in Muslim and Arab Cultures
        date: 1998.0
       words: 7272
      flesch: 55
     summary: introduction This article investigates the m o n s for the obvious failure of antidrug campaigns in all Western countries and in Third World countries that adopted Western strategies to combat drug abuse. One wonders why professionals in Islamic and Arab countries, who clearly see the ineffectiveness of this model, continue to uncritically import it to address drug abuse in their countries.
    keywords: abuse; addicts; alcohol; american; antidrug; badri; countries; drug; intake; islamic; muslim; new; sciences; social; training
       cache: ajiss-2152.pdf
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        item: #1006 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2153
      author: Alawneh, Shafiq F.
       title: Human Motivation: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1998.0
       words: 8069
      flesch: 59
     summary: Free will and knowledge are important components of human motivation. Iman (faith), the paper insists, is the most basic of human motivations.
    keywords: allah; behavior; holy; human; individual; islamic; knowledge; motivation; needs; people; psychology; punishment; qur’an; reward
       cache: ajiss-2153.pdf
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        item: #1007 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2155
      author: Shehu, Salisu 
       title: Toward an Islamic Perspective of Developmental Psychology
        date: 1998.0
       words: 12480
      flesch: 61
     summary: Toward an Islamic Perspective of Developmental Psychology Salisu Shehu This article seeks to advance an Islamic understanding of the process of human development. Conceptual Background Developmental psychology, otherwise called “child psychology,” is a branch of psychology that is essentially concerned with the study of the overall processes of human development from conception to old age.
    keywords: child; development; differences; god; growth; individual; islamic; knowledge; life; man; muslim; perspective; prophet; psychology; qur’an; sciences; social; verse
       cache: ajiss-2155.pdf
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        item: #1008 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2156
      author: Achoui, Mustapha
       title: Human Nature from a Comparative Psychological Perspective
        date: 1998.0
       words: 10065
      flesch: 58
     summary: I would also like to point out that the Islamic vision of human nature and its characteristics, and of the personality of man, is too vital and comprehensive to be summarized. To formulate an Islamic vision about the characteristics of human nature and personality as a modem (Western) psychological concept, we have to clarify the Islamic attitude about three major dimensions with their ramifi- cations: the creation of man, the life of man, and the destiny of man (in the hereafter).
    keywords: allah; behavior; good; human; islamic; man; nature; personality; perspective; psychological; psychology; schultz; social; subject; theories
       cache: ajiss-2156.pdf
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        item: #1009 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2157
      author: al'Alwani, Taha Jabir
       title: Globalization: Centralization not Globalism
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1088
      flesch: 45
     summary: Instead, we must identify with Fakhr a1 Din a1 R&i, who divided the world into two realms: dcfr ul ijdbuh (the land of acceptance, where peo- ple accepted Islam and Islamic va4ues are practiced) and dcfr a1 du'wuh (the land of invitation, to which du'wuh is presented and its people are invited to Islamic values and practices). In this brief discussion, we shall limit our comments to the realm of normative values.
    keywords: center; globalism; values
       cache: ajiss-2157.pdf
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        item: #1010 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2158
      author: Pennell, John A.
       title: Globalization: Myth or Reality?
        date: 1998.0
       words: 4851
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is true that globalization can enhance integration through the spread of cultural values across borders, for example, so that societies formerly separated by formal or informal barriers can experience the avail- Pennell: Globalization: Myth or Reality? 109 ability of previously unavailable consumer goods. Globalization and the Economy The preceding review has exposed themes that require further exam- ination: relationships between globalization and the economy, globaliza- tion and the state, and globalization and culture.
    keywords: economy; globalization; hirst; labor; mittelman; state; thompson; waters; world
       cache: ajiss-2158.pdf
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        item: #1011 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2159
      author: Burch, Kurt 
       title: Stories of Menacing Globalization: A Review of Two Books
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3602
      flesch: 48
     summary: We must engage other globalization stories. Retreat and Specters tell such stories to shape perceptions of globalization as a threat demanding vigorous schol- arly attention and creative political responses.
    keywords: authority; conditions; democracy; globalization; matustik; social; state; stories; story
       cache: ajiss-2159.pdf
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        item: #1012 of 2426
          id: ajiss-216
      author: Gökçek, Mustafa
       title: Late Ottoman Discourses on Nationalism and Islam and the Contributions of Russia’s Muslims
        date: 2015.0
       words: 8708
      flesch: 53
     summary: Some of them defended the compatibility of Turkish nationalism with Islam. This approach started a debate among intellectual circles on Turkish nationalism, to which İzmirli İsmail Hakkı (1869-1946) responded to through the pages of Sebilürreşad.
    keywords: articles; fıkıh; gökalp; islamic; i̇slam; law; mecmuası; nationalism; ottoman; religion; sabit; social; turkish; usul; örf
       cache: ajiss-216.pdf
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        item: #1013 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2160
      author: Nyang, Sulayman
       title: Conceptualizing Globalization
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1683
      flesch: 50
     summary: The United Nations’ (u”s) Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a document whose emergence in world history rests primarily on the urgent need for moral order. It was this threat to human existence, ironically, that drove home the point to world lead- ers that the Cold War between capitalism and communism was detrimen- tal to everyone.
    keywords: globalization; humanity; order; war; world
       cache: ajiss-2160.pdf
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        item: #1014 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2161
      author: Sitaraman, Srini
       title: Globalization, State, Identity/Difference: Toward a Critical Social Theory of International Relations by E. Fuat Keyman. Atlantic Highland: New Jersey, Humanities Press, 1997, 224pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1762
      flesch: 38
     summary: His book is an attempt to bridge the theory-metatheory gap found in IR theory and, at the same time, elevate critical social theory to the level of such first-order theories as the much maligned Waltzian theory of international relations. Critical social theory should be able to criticize and dismantle without relying on foundational support (i.e., without relying on positivistic moments).
    keywords: keyman; social; theory
       cache: ajiss-2161.pdf
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        item: #1015 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2162
      author: Burmester, Brent
       title: Globalization: Theory and Practice by Eleonore Kofman and Gillian Youngs, editors. Pinter: 1996. xii + 339 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1662
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is still too early for books such as this to dis­ pense with debate and opposition to globalization, both in theory and practice. Globalization is a subject about which it is very easy to write copiously and badly.
    keywords: authors; book; globalization; theory
       cache: ajiss-2162.pdf
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        item: #1016 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2163
      author: Haneef, Mohamed Aslam
       title: False Dawn: The Delusions of Global Capitalism by John Gray. London: Cranta Publications, 1998. 234 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 4157
      flesch: 43
     summary: American free markets, according Book Reviews 141 to him, have an advantage in that they no longer bear the burden of social costs, unlike European social market economies. On the surface, it seems that these events merely support propagators of global free markets.
    keywords: american; capitalism; economy; globalization; gray; markets; social; states; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2163.pdf
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        item: #1017 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2164
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Freedom, Modernity, and Islam: By Richard Khoury. London: The Athlone Press, 1998, pp. 384.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3244
      flesch: 42
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15:3 Freedom, Modernity, and Islam By Richard Khoury. The ambivalent relationship between Islam and modernity is a complex and fasci­ nating subject into which Khoury delves with a seemingly good measure of sophistica­ tion.
    keywords: freedom; islam; islamic; khoury; modem; muslim; orthodoxy; state
       cache: ajiss-2164.pdf
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        item: #1018 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2165
      author: al Mujahid, Sharif
       title: Jinnah, Pakistan, and Islamic Identity: By Akbar S. Ahmed Routledge, New York; 1997, 274 pp. + xxix.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2238
      flesch: 58
     summary: To Ahmed, Jinnah is not the “secular” leader of the first avowedly Muslim nation- state, but rather the universal symbol of Muslim identity. In contrast, Ahmed’s main contribution lies in his focusing on the cultural transfor- mation that Jinnah underwent in 1937, a transformation that other Muslim leaders (e.g., Sir Sayyed, Iqbal, and Hasrat Mohani) had gone through earlier.
    keywords: ahmed; identity; jinnah; kemal; muslim; pakistan; work
       cache: ajiss-2165.pdf
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        item: #1019 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2166
      author: Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris
       title: Christianity in the Arab World: By El-Hassan Bin Talal. London, SCM Press, 1998, 102 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3441
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Arab Christian tradition goes back to Christianity's very earliest days, antedat­ ing Islam by those six centuries that witnessed the growth of Christian Trinitarian theol­ ogy, the spread of the Church, and the division of that Church into different communions. In Egypt, for example, it led to the division of the Church into pro-Monophysite Copts and Melchites (Syriac for king and a reference to the Byzantine Emperor) who accepted the Council of Chalcedon’s (451) ruling that true orthodoxy acknowledged that Jesus Christ had two naturts, each perfect and distinct yet united in the one person who was God and Man at the same time.
    keywords: arab; book; chapter; christian; church; god; islam; jesus; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2166.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2166.txt

        item: #1020 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2167
      author: Kubba, Laith
       title: The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia: By Seyyed Hossein Nasr, edited by Mehdi Amin Razavi. Surrey: Curzon Press, I 996, 375 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2047
      flesch: 45
     summary: The essays highlight Nasr's pro­ lific and learned scholarship on the development of Islamic philosophy and illuminate many aspects of the rich philosophical traditions in Islamic Persia and its history. In his review of Islamic thought in modem Iran, Nasr concludes that Islamic philos- ophy continues today as a living tradition in Persia and represents one of the most pre- cious aspects of the intellectual heritage of Islamic philosophy at large.
    keywords: islamic; nasr; persia; philosophers; works
       cache: ajiss-2167.pdf
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        item: #1021 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2168
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Defining Islam for the Egyptian State: By Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen. Leiden: Brill, 1997, 423 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3406
      flesch: 50
     summary: Its main source was the Syrian Sal& Jamiil al Din al Qbimi (1911). Other bodies included the Azhar Fatwa Council (Lajnat ul Furciwd bi ul Ah), which was inaugurated in 1935 by the Waf3 shaykh of al Azhar Mqtafa al m g
    keywords: chapter; fatwas; islamic; mufti; muslim; skovgaard; social; state; study
       cache: ajiss-2168.pdf
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        item: #1022 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2169
      author: Hussain, Ahmad Iftheqar
       title: First Contemporary Muslim Philosophers Conference
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2372
      flesch: 48
     summary: i m s meeting in a Jesuit institution to talk about reviving Islamic philosophy. Dr. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (Professor of Islamic Studies, George Washington University), a scholar who has been involved in the project of reviving Islamic philosophy for over forty years, delivered the keynote address.
    keywords: conference; islamic; muslim; philosophy; thought
       cache: ajiss-2169.pdf
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        item: #1023 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2170
      author: Yusuf, Imtiyaz
       title: Islamic Studies in the ASEAN Region: History, Approaches, and Future Trends
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2164
      flesch: 38
     summary: Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed (Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Begawan, Brunei) presented his “Teaching Islamic Studies in the Institutions of Higher Learning in non-Arab World with or without Arabic: A Dilemma.” In the morning session, Associate Professor Ibrahim Abu Bakar (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia) presented his paper on the “History of Islamic Studies in Malaysia” He highlighted the different historical phases and changing character of Islamic studies in Malaysia from pndok (traditional Islamic school) to university.
    keywords: asean; islamic; malaysia; southeast; studies; thailand; university
       cache: ajiss-2170.pdf
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        item: #1024 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2171
      author: Mazrui, Ali A.
       title: Globalization, Islam, and the West: Between Homogenization and Hegemonization
        date: 1998.0
       words: 5854
      flesch: 55
     summary: Europe’s prosperity whetted its appetite for new worlds to conquer. Technology and empire were linked in anticipation of new worlds to conquer.
    keywords: century; egypt; end; globalization; homogenization; islam; islamic; muslim; new; states; united; war; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2171.pdf
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        item: #1025 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2172
      author: Abu-Rabiʽ, Ibrahim
       title: Globalization: A Contemporary Islamic Response?
        date: 1998.0
       words: 13596
      flesch: 51
     summary: See Akbar S. Ahmed, Postmodernism and Islam: Predicament and Promise (London: Routledge, 1992); Akbar S. Ahmed and Donnan Hastings (eds.), Islam, Globali- zation and Postmodernity (London: Routledge, 1994); Walden Bello, New Third World: Strategies for Survival in the Global Economy (London: Eathscan, 1990). 1987). 1%3), 143. During the Cold War, Third World countries felt somewhat relieved from the West’s cultural and political pressure because the balance of world power permitted them to function somewhat freely.
    keywords: american; arab; center; community; contemporary; countries; cultural; culture; des; globalization; islamic; les; modem; muslim; muslim world; nation; new; north; order; rabi; response; social; society; south; states; thought; united; war; west; world; world order; years
       cache: ajiss-2172.pdf
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        item: #1026 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2173
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Information Technologies and Globalization: Ruination vs. Ripples
        date: 1998.0
       words: 14779
      flesch: 49
     summary: Clearinghouse of Research and Other Information: Muslims everywhere need to be reminded of the great emphasis Islam lays on seeking knowledge as a religious imperative. Most countries want expansion of world trade and access to each other’s markets.
    keywords: american; business; capital; communication; control; countries; development; economy; foreign; globalization; ibid; information; institutions; international; internet; islamic; issues; journal; knowledge; media; muslim; nations; need; new; sciences; siddiqui; social; states; technologies; technology; trade; united; web; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2173.pdf
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        item: #1027 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2174
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: Constructing Identity in “Glocal” Politics
        date: 1998.0
       words: 12369
      flesch: 50
     summary: Said, Covering Islam, p. 3 1. 95. Local Imagination and Global Images of Islam What is the impact of glocalization on the meaning of Islam and the identity of Muslims?
    keywords: american; democracy; global; globalization; human; identity; images; interests; international; islam; islamic; journal; khan; local; muslim; new; politics; power; press; self; social; sources; states; university; west; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2174.pdf
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        item: #1028 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2175
      author: Malkawi, Fathi Hasan
       title: Remembering Ibn Rushd
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1941
      flesch: 55
     summary: Editorial Remembering Ibn Rushd This year is the 800th anniversary of Ibn Rushd's (1 128-1 198) death. Although Ibn Rushd has an important position in the Islamic intellec- tual legacy, his contributions have not received due recognition in the Muslim world.
    keywords: ibn; islamic; philosophy; rushd
       cache: ajiss-2175.pdf
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        item: #1029 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2176
      author: Ezzat, Heba Raouf
       title: Understanding Islam in the West: Can Professional Journalism Help More than Overconfident Academia?
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3481
      flesch: 50
     summary: Kepel states in the sec- ond chapter that one cannot understand the assertion of Islamic identity in Britain without the context of the relationship between Islam and British rule in India; he also believes that Islam in France in the 1990s has developed within the wider context marked particularly by events in Algeria. Compared to the Western writings on the Ottomans accusing them of all kinds of horrible deeds, LeBor states that Ottoman Islam offered a civi- lized lifestyle for its minorities, Christians and Jews, at least by the stan- dards of the time and compared to other Christian European territories.
    keywords: europe; france; identity; islam; islamic; kepel; lebor; muslims; west
       cache: ajiss-2176.pdf
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        item: #1030 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2177
      author: Senay, Bulend
       title: Another Introduction to Islam: The Myth of the Value-Free Study of Religion
        date: 1998.0
       words: 4488
      flesch: 52
     summary: The chapter “Divine Will and the Law” is an informative and at the same time concise examination of central issues of Islamic law, ranging from methodology (analogy, ijtihad, etc.) to basic social relationships (family, inheritance, etc.). Waines proves that he has knowledge of the history of Islamic law and the major contemporary issues facing Muslim scholars on matters of law.
    keywords: approach; hadith; islamic; law; muslim; religion; scholars; value; waines
       cache: ajiss-2177.pdf
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        item: #1031 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2178
      author: Irfani, Suroosh 
       title: The Enigma of Hallaj: Herbert W. Mason, Al-Hulluj (Surrey: Curzon Press, 1995), 106 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1225
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, as Mason points out, far from being viewed as an ecstatic eccentric on the fringe of Islam, many Islamic traditionalists backed Hallaj in his mission “to reanimate ritual observance and share through public preaching his deeper understanding” of the relationship between Man and God. A professor of history and religion at Boston University, Mason has been conducting research on Hallaj for the past thirty years, a devotion he might have inherited from his former teacher Louis Massignon, the French scholar who started work on Hallaj’s thoughts and ideas in 1907, culminating in four volumes posthumously published in 1975 as L a p s - sion d’ul-Hulluj.
    keywords: god; hallaj; islamic; mason
       cache: ajiss-2178.pdf
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        item: #1032 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2179
      author: Kazami, Yedullah
       title: Reclaiming the Tradition: An Essay on the Condition of the Possibility of Islamic Knowledge
        date: 1998.0
       words: 5840
      flesch: 60
     summary: Islamic knowledge (‘ilm), on the other hand, is concerned both with the knower and the object of knowledge. The condition for the possibility of Islamic knowledge is the reclamation of Islamic tradition.
    keywords: event; history; islamic; knowledge; past; phenomenon; present; tradition
       cache: ajiss-2179.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2179.txt

        item: #1033 of 2426
          id: ajiss-218
      author: Arin, Kubilay
       title: The AKP’s Foreign Policy: From Westernization to Islamization?
        date: 2015.0
       words: 11131
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ali Çarkoğlu, “Turkey Goes to the Ballot Box: 2014 Municipal Elections and Beyond,” Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings, Policy Paper Number 3, March 2014. Paul Krugman, “Talking Troubled Turkey.”
    keywords: akp; american; ankara; country; davutoğlu; east; erdoğan; israel; middle; muslim; new; ottoman; policy; power; relations; role; turkey; west; world
       cache: ajiss-218.pdf
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        item: #1034 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2180
      author: Pace, Joseph L.
       title: I Am a Palestinian Christian: By Mitri Raheb Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995,164 + xi pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1799
      flesch: 53
     summary: The greatest value of this book for a Western Christian looking at the Palestinian Christian community as an outsider is to be found in the second half, in which Raheb explores Holy Scripture through the eyes of a Palestinian Christian. Before exploring the three themes of Election, the Promise of the Land, and the Exodus, Raheb offers the foundations of a hermeneutic grounded in the conviction that Holy Scripture is not against Palestinian Christians.
    keywords: christian; community; raheb
       cache: ajiss-2180.pdf
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        item: #1035 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2181
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal
       title: Applying the Canon in Islam: The Authorization and Maintenance of Interpretive Reasoning in Hanafi Scholarship by Brannon M. Wheeler. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996, 340 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1959
      flesch: 58
     summary: In other words, the author has sized up the edifice of Hanafi scholarship and - 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15:2 determined it to represent an epistemological method concerned in the main with “a certain conception of authority,” or interpretive privilege. That this debate shouJd be recalled at the outset of a review of a work dealing with Hanafi fiqh scholarship might seem slrangely out of place.
    keywords: hanafi; scholarship; wheeler; work
       cache: ajiss-2181.pdf
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        item: #1036 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2182
      author: Thorbjornsrid, Berit
       title: Quest for Conception: Gender, Infertility, and Egyptian Medical Traditions by Marcia C. lnhorn. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1907
      flesch: 55
     summary: The result today is malpractice to such a degree that infertility treatment in itself carries an increasing health risk for women. Both cause frequent infec- tions in women and thus increase the risk of infertility.
    keywords: egypt; infertility; inhorn; myth; overpopulation; women
       cache: ajiss-2182.pdf
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        item: #1037 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2183
      author: Shabbir, Mohammad
       title: Women in Feminism and Politics: New Directions towards lslamization by Zeenath Kausar. Petaling Jaya: Women Affairs Secretariat [WAFA], IIUM, 1995, 119 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2609
      flesch: 47
     summary: Women are rational and virtuous and women, like men, are created as Allah’s vicegerents. It does not mean man’s domination over woman but man’s responsibility for women and children’s security and maintenance.
    keywords: author; family; islamic; islamization; leadership; women
       cache: ajiss-2183.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2183.txt

        item: #1038 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2184
      author: Benton, Catherine
       title: Family, Gender, and Population in the Middle East: Policies in Context by Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, editor. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1995, 257 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2526
      flesch: 38
     summary: This research brings into focus the com- plexities that result when various factors push and pull on individual women, Book Reviews 127 men, and family systems as they cope with the realities of more or fewer chil­ dren. Several major themes emerge: the need to understand family planning within the larger context of women’s health ser- vices, “the need to better define and measure widely used but little understood concepts such as women’s status and autonomy” (p. xii), and the need to exam- ine “women’s rights” within the context of traditional Islam as it is practiced in specific cultural and geographic areas.
    keywords: family; middle; obermeyer; population; rights; women
       cache: ajiss-2184.pdf
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        item: #1039 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2185
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Development, Change, and Gender in Cairo: A View from the Household Edited by Diane Singerman and Homa Hoodfar. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, I996, 192 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1296
      flesch: 42
     summary: The essays in this book not only show that Cairene women are intelligent and comprehending observers of Egyptian society, but that they are also active participants in their society-acting upon it, as well as being acted upon. The editors are quick to point out that understanding how the household impacts upon and is affected by state policy is not a substitute for studying for- mal state institutions and other sources of power in Egyptian society.
    keywords: book; cairo; household; women
       cache: ajiss-2185.pdf
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        item: #1040 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2186
      author: Hunt, Sylvia J.
       title: Muslim Communities in the New Europe: Edited by Gerd Nonneman, Tim Niblock, and Bogdan Szajkowski. Reading, England: Garnet Publishing Limited, 1996, 346 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 4322
      flesch: 51
     summary: The increasing influence of Islam, reinforced by economic aid from Muslim countries, is shown in education, dress, and Albania’s mem- bership in the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC). Book Reviews 133 Muslims do face religious discrimination and hostility, especially during an economic recession or when the British government is at loggerheads with the governments of certain Muslim countries.
    keywords: chapter; contributor; countries; europe; immigrants; islam; muslim; social
       cache: ajiss-2186.pdf
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        item: #1041 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2187
      author: Salem, Salem A.
       title: Muslims and Christians Face to Face: By Kate Zebiri. Oxford: One World Publications. 258 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2619
      flesch: 51
     summary: The fifth chapter, “Approaches to Islam by Christian Islamicists and Theologians,” basically talks about how Islam was perceived in the past and how it is now perceived among modem Christian scholars who have a strong grasp of Islamic history and/or Arabic. Zebiri also deligitimizes the work of Muslim scholars in using historical-critical methodology by saying it is not equally applied in studying Chrisitanity and Islam.
    keywords: christianity; god; islam; muslim; zebiri
       cache: ajiss-2187.pdf
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        item: #1042 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2188
      author: Salem, Ahmed Ali
       title: The Crown and the Turban: Muslim and West African Pluralism by Lamin Sanneh. Boulder, Colorado, and Oxford: Westview Press, 1997, xiii+ 290 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2954
      flesch: 43
     summary: However, African Muslims are in an advantaged position compared to African Christians. African Muslims are indigenous and Islam is considered an African religion.
    keywords: african; author; islam; muslim; religion; religious
       cache: ajiss-2188.pdf
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        item: #1043 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2189
      author: Bayoumi, Alaa M.
       title: 21st Century and the Birth of the United Nations of Islam: By Jawed Ul Haq Siddiqui. Pakistan, Karachi: USI Publications, 303 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2531
      flesch: 50
     summary: The joint Islamic Alliance for Defense (JIAD) is to function as an interna- tional organization of Muslim member states with no supranational structure. Acceptance of a defense and security agreement among Muslim states leading to the formation of a joint Islamic Alliance for Defense.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; states; unity; world
       cache: ajiss-2189.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2189.txt

        item: #1044 of 2426
          id: ajiss-219
      author: Anwar, Etin
       title: The Ethics of Wasaṭīyah and the Pursuit of Gender Equality
        date: 2015.0
       words: 8420
      flesch: 54
     summary: Such equality acknowl- edges that men and women are endowed with abilities for ethical deliberation and choice, a fact that is made clear in Q. 33:35, as follows: Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and be- lieving women, the obedient men and obedient women, the truthful men and truthful women, the patient men and patient women, the humble men and humble women, the charitable men and charitable women, the fasting men and fasting women, the men who guard their private parts and the women who do so, and the men who remember Allah often and the women who do so – for them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward. In addition, He cannot be constructed in any way to support male superiority because Islam’s ethical framework confers upon both men and women equal status and roles before God in terms of both genders as His vicegerent (khalīfah) and servant (‘abd).
    keywords: community; equality; ethics; gender; god; human; islamic; muslims; prophet; qur’an; wasaṭīyah; women
       cache: ajiss-219.pdf
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        item: #1045 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2190
      author: Khan, Shiraz
       title: The Road To Hell: The Ravaging Effects of Foreign Aid and International Charity by Michael Maren. New York: Free Press, 1997,302 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2519
      flesch: 54
     summary: He does not fail to emphasize that states are not moral agents and that admiration for theii altruism is misplaced, for it is simply a call for r e i m p sition of colonial benevolence by the “civilized world” which feels it must go out to these desperate places and govern through food aid and agricultural pro- grams. Quoting from the mouths of frustrated recipients themselves, he illustrates how foreign experts and aid workers are spectacular- ly ill equipped, both technically and academically, to handle the situations they find themselves in and end up doing far more harm than good, wasting a great deal of resources in the process.
    keywords: aid; book; food; maren; people; world
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        item: #1046 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2191
      author: Cook, Weston F.
       title: Islamic Expressions in Art, Culture, and Literature
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1214
      flesch: 41
     summary: The Fourteenth Annual Conference of The American Council for the Study of islamic Societies, held on May 2 and 3, 1997, at The Connelly Center, Villanova University, Villanova, PA The American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies (ACSIS), is one of the oldest continuing organizations in the United States that focus- es specifically on Muslim states, societies, and the problems confronting Muslim communities throughout the world. John Anderson, Catholic University of America, took us through Islam on the Internet and the adventures of Selim the Cyber-Muslim in his “Islam in the Global Information Infrastructure.”
    keywords: islamic; muslim; panel; professor; university
       cache: ajiss-2191.pdf
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        item: #1047 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2192
      author: Wheeler, Brannon M.
       title: Report on the International Workshop on the Integration of lslamic Studies into Liberal Arts Curricula
        date: 1998.0
       words: 3354
      flesch: 37
     summary: Ahmet Karamustafa, professor of Islamic studies at Washington University in St. Louis, spoke on “The Pwmodem/Modern Divide in Teaching Islamic Studies.” As a comparison with the development of Islamic studies in Europe and North America, Professor Jaffee outlined three main models of Jewish studies.
    keywords: arts; islamic; professor; religion; session; studies; teaching; university; workshop
       cache: ajiss-2192.pdf
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        item: #1048 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2193
      author: Fakhry, Majid
       title: Celebrating Ibn Rushd’s Eight-Hundredth Anniversary
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1142
      flesch: 46
     summary: A major theme of the Carthage symposium was Ibn Rushd’s contribu- tion to the perennial problem of the relation of philosophy and religion, which was the focus of two lectures by Abu Abd al-Rahman Ibn Aqil al- Zahiri and Salem Hamish, who expounded on Ibn Rushd‘s attempt to reconcile philosophy (ul-hikmah) and religion (al-Shari‘ah) in two famous treatises, The Decisive Treutise (Fasl al-Maqal) and The Expsition of the Methods ofProof(A1-Kashf ‘an Manahij al-Adillah). Ammar Jum‘a al-Talbi spoke on the subject of jurisprudence and its fundamental principles according to Ibn Rushd.
    keywords: ibn; philosophy; rushd; scholars
       cache: ajiss-2193.pdf
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        item: #1049 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2194
      author: Kopanski, Ataullah Bogdan
       title: The Nazarean Legacy: Religious Conflict in Pre-Islamic Arabia as Seen through Crew-Roman Eyes
        date: 1998.0
       words: 11525
      flesch: 64
     summary: The Roman Christian and pagan texts can be used to illustrate the religious transformation of the periph- eral ‘‘third world” of ancient Arabia into the pivotal region of the “de- Romanization” of Jesus’s faith, where the message of Islam conclusive- ly crushed the power of Imperial Rome. Judas of Galilee, one of the commanders of the anti-Roman Jewish extremists, seized the stronghold of Masada, where his group committed mass suicide in 73 C.E. By 70 c.E., the Roman troops took Jerusalem, and Emperor Titus ordered the city razed to the ground.
    keywords: american; ancient; arabia; arabs; c.e; century; christian; christianity; church; desert; egypt; emperor; empire; god; greek; history; islamic; jerusalem; jesus; jews; london; new; palestine; persian; prophet; reign; roman; sciences; social; syria; vol; yemen
       cache: ajiss-2194.pdf
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        item: #1050 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2196
      author: Mohammad, Fida
       title: Ibn Khaldun’s Theory of Social Change: A Comparison with Hegel, Marx and Durkheim
        date: 1998.0
       words: 9798
      flesch: 57
     summary: For Ibn Khaldun usubiyuh is a very important and complex theoretical tool. Marx ground- ed the process of historical change within the context of the material con- dition of a society, while for Ibn Khaldun material forces play an impor- tant role but are not the only factors.
    keywords: change; group; hegel; history; human; ibn khaldun; individual; labor; life; marx; people; power; process; social; society; solidarity; state; usubiyuh
       cache: ajiss-2196.pdf
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        item: #1051 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2197
      author: Yassine, Abdel-Qader
       title: Understanding Modernity on One’s Own Terms
        date: 1998.0
       words: 6947
      flesch: 50
     summary: I would argue that the secret behind the amazing growth of sup- port for Islamist movements is to be found in their being seen as truly independent of corrupt governments and imperialist outsiders, rather than in their “defense of God.” There are hardly any issues raised by religious movements which are optional and disappear from the political arena when the religious frame- work disappears.
    keywords: egypt; god; ideas; islamic; islamists; lawrence; modem; movements; muslim; party; question; religion; society; world
       cache: ajiss-2197.pdf
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        item: #1052 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2198
      author: Refudeen, Mohammed Awais
       title: Phenomenology versus Historicism: The Case of Imamate
        date: 1998.0
       words: 4657
      flesch: 58
     summary: Corbin quotes a hadith attributed to Imam Ja‘far as-Sadiq, the sixth Imam, who addressed a disciple: The history of early Shi’ism, and indeed of much later Shi’ism also, is that of a pathetic quest for individuals to whom the dignity of Imam may be attached.
    keywords: corbin; eliade; historicism; history; ibid; imam; imamate; islamic; meaning; watt
       cache: ajiss-2198.pdf
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        item: #1053 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2199
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid
       title: Islamic Education Reform: Top Priority in Intellectual Islamic Work
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1136
      flesch: 34
     summary: Placing rarbiyah as a top priority in our present and future efforts does not mean that IIJT, AMSS, and other institutions must give up their plans for the Islamization of Knowledge program; on the contrary, far from being an alternative, it is an effort to emphasize one of the important areas of Islamic intellectual work, which should enliven our ideas, triangulate our views, and push our experiences forward. Other forms of intellectual reform can be seen in the works of Al-Ghazali in Ihya’ ‘Ulkn al-Din and Tahafat al- Falsifah, and in Ibn Rushd’s response, Tahafat al-Tahafat.
    keywords: islamic; knowledge; reform
       cache: ajiss-2199.pdf
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        item: #1054 of 2426
          id: ajiss-220
      author: Altıntaş, Fatma Betül
       title: The Academic Study of Hadith in North America Universities
        date: 2015.0
       words: 6826
      flesch: 49
     summary: However, the subfield of Hadith studies remains neglected. In comparison to its role and the approach at modern ac- ademic institutions in the Muslim world, Hadith studies in North American universities seem to have received attention mainly in terms of this body of literature’s authenticity.
    keywords: american; courses; departments; hadith; hadith studies; ibn; islamic; journal; muslim; north; programs; research; scholars; sciences; studies; study; universities; university
       cache: ajiss-220.pdf
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        item: #1055 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2200
      author: Hawi, Sami S.
       title: lbn Sina and Mysticism
        date: 1998.0
       words: 7690
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ibn Sina and Mysticism: Remarks and Admonitions (Al-Isharat wa al-Tanbihat), Part Four. Hawi: Ibn Sina and Mysticism I shall now consider the preceding points: 93 The Translation
    keywords: author; happiness; hawi; ibn; ibn sina; inati; isharat; islamic; mysticism; pleasure; sina; soul; views
       cache: ajiss-2200.pdf
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        item: #1056 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2201
      author: Zoubir, Yahia H.
       title: Democracy and Islam in Malek Bennabi's Thought
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2633
      flesch: 55
     summary: Bennabi argues that, contrary to Islamic democracy, secular democracy confers upon humans guarantees and rights but does not pro- vide them with safeguards against the power of cartels and trusts or against the dictatorship of a class. Bennabi believed that the golden age of Islamic democracy was under the rule of the first caliphs.
    keywords: bennabi; democracy; ibid; islam; islamic; malek; social
       cache: ajiss-2201.pdf
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        item: #1057 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2202
      author: Arif, Nasr
       title: Science, Objectivity and Ethics in Research Methodology
        date: 1998.0
       words: 6238
      flesch: 48
     summary: On the different ways of knowing and their application in Islamic science, see Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam (New York: Barnes and Noble Publications, 1992), Rene Guenon, Crisis of the Modern World (Paris: Luzac, 1945), especially chapter 4 on “Sacred and Profane Science,” and Osman Bakar, Tawhid and Science (Kuala Lumpur: Secretariat for Islamic Philosophy and Science, 1991). This is particularly true in the case of social sciences where the need for multiple methodologies is most obvi- This paper consists of two parts.
    keywords: change; ethics; human; islamic; knowledge; methodology; objectivity; research; science; scientists; social; truth; value
       cache: ajiss-2202.pdf
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        item: #1058 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2203
      author: Langgulung, Hasan
       title: City of Stones: Hidden History of Jerusalem by Meron Benvenisti. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1996, 283 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 4539
      flesch: 57
     summary: Beginning with a discussion of the contrasting versions of Jerusalem’s history presented by Palestinian Arabs and Israeli Jews, the author goes on to examine the way the radically opposed goals and aspirations of both sides results in conflicts. Chapter 5 In this chapter, Mr. Benvenisti illustrates the planning policy in Jerusalem, especially the policy to expropriate Arab land for building Jewish apartments or neighborhoods.
    keywords: a.d; author; b.c; chapter; city; education; israeli; jerusalem; jews; peace
       cache: ajiss-2203.pdf
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        item: #1059 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2204
      author: Hussain, Ahmed
       title: Competing Visions of Islam in the United States: A Study of Los Angeles by Kambiz GhaneaBassiri: Westport, Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press, 1997, 202 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1834
      flesch: 45
     summary: Barring the initial works of a handful of scholars over the last 50 years, Muslim communities and their understanding of Islam in America have gone relatively unstudied in relation to other religious groups. The work raises fundamental questions regarding the validity of studying sociologi­ cally the American Muslim condition; whether a truly American Muslim con­ dition exists; and (if it does) it,; characteristic features.
    keywords: american; islamic; muslim; states; study
       cache: ajiss-2204.pdf
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        item: #1060 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2205
      author: Hasnain, lmtiaz
       title: Orientalism in Lord Byron's "Turkish Tales": The Giaour (1813), The Bride of Abydos (1813), The Corsair (1814) and The Siege of Corinth (1813) by Abdur Raheem Kidwai. Lewiston, USA and Lampeter, UK: Mellen University Press, 1995, 304 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1513
      flesch: 40
     summary: To quote the author, in the treatment of Oriental material and oriental history, Byron’s “judiciousness, sensitivity, ingenuity and sympathy were far more inseparably integrated as compared to Southey’s where it merely floats on the surface” (p. 203). In fact, in chapter 1, titled “Image of the Orient in English Literature: A Historical Survey,” it is in this vein that the main contours of literary Orientalism from the beginning up to Byron’s A. R. Kidwai’s book, Orientalism in Lord Byron’s “Turkish Tales” makes a critical study of Orientalism in an insightful and analytical manner.
    keywords: author; byron; oriental
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        item: #1061 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2206
      author: Gencer, Bedri
       title: Reform Within Islam: The Tajdid and Jadid Movement Among the Kazan Tatars (1819-1917): Conciliation or Conflict? By Ahmet Kanltdere, Istanbul: Eren, 1997, 198 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1491
      flesch: 52
     summary: Apparently, as Fazlur Rahman, one of the most notable representatives of neo-Islamic modernism, pointed out, no classical Islamic modernism seems to have survived its fundamentalist version, remaining as the bogy of the western world today. The measure of suc- cess of this attempt was elusive; and as is every thought with an apologetic ring, Islamic modernism, following an initial phase of ardor, proved unable to tackle the western challenge.
    keywords: islamic; modernism; muslim; thought
       cache: ajiss-2206.pdf
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        item: #1062 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2207
      author: Asmal, A.M.
       title: A Fundamental Fear-Eurocentrism and the Emergence of lslamism: By Bobby S. Sayyid. London & New York: Zed Books, Ltd. 1997, vi + 185 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 2179
      flesch: 52
     summary: Khomeini very much reflects the postmodernist trend of decenter- ing the West, albeit in the Muslim world “it is only with Khomeini that the role of western discourse as universal interlocutor appears to be shaken. . . Likewise, some analysis of the Islamists and their responses to western critiques of Islamism would have been a useful dimension to the book.
    keywords: book; islam; islamism; sayyid; west
       cache: ajiss-2207.pdf
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        item: #1063 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2208
      author: El-Diwany, Tariq
       title: Global Trap: By Hans-Peter Martin and Harold Schumann. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1997
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1216
      flesch: 59
     summary: The authors pro- pose some credible solutions to the problems that they foresee, including a form of European democracy in which the European Commission is elected by the European Parliament and in which national parliaments allow citizens of other EU member states to speak on European issues whenever they are debated; a European monetary union that provides a stable trading block that rivals America and Japan; and European trade unions that better represent the interests of the worker against the multinational companies. Amusing catch- phrases spice Global Trap, trivializing yet somehow succeeding in summariz- ing a whole worldview.
    keywords: authors; book; european; world
       cache: ajiss-2208.pdf
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        item: #1064 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2209
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: International Seminar on Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1856
      flesch: 32
     summary: Major themes and the papers presented under those themes could be divided roughly into the follow- ing five categories: I. Qur’anic Insights into Psychotherapy The Qur’anic Insights into Psychotherapy, Abdul Khaliq Kazi, IIUM The Impact of Islamic Revelation on Psychotherapy, Ziad Al-Daghamin, HUM Iman-Centered Therapy, Nadiyah Elias, University Utara Malaysia Spiritual Health: A Preventive Approach, Zukariyya Abdel-Hady, Glasgow University, UK Psychotherapy and Counseling in Islam, Jatinder Kaur, Jamia Millia lslamia, New Delhi, India Haque: International Seminar on Counceling and Psychotherapy 155 Prevention of AIDS: Islamic Solutions, Waheeh Khan, Jamb Millia lslamia New Delhi, India Moral and Spiritual Aspects of Counseling, Mumtaz Fatima Jafari, IIUM Psychotherapy from an Islamic Perspective, Mohamad Abdur RmW, IIUM Mental Health and Prevention in Islam, G.H. Mobaraki, Seid Alshohado Hospital, Isfahan, Iran 11. 154 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15: 1 tioned that Al-Ghazali and Al-Balkhi had already given the explanations for the processes of stimulus generalizations and reciprocal inhibition before modem psychology.
    keywords: iium; international; iran; islamic; muslim; perspective; psychotherapy; university
       cache: ajiss-2209.pdf
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        item: #1065 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2210
      author: Al-Zu'bi, Bashir
       title: Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance: The fifth intensive orientation course under the title "Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance" was held in Markfield, U.K., September 25-28, 1997.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1504
      flesch: 45
     summary: The topics included Islamic banking and f mance, Islamic economics, economic development from the Islamic perspective, the creation of money, the rationale of prohibiting interest and its prohibition in western literature, debt, equity, Islamic fund management, the role of zakat in the eradica­ tion of poverty, Islamic finance in the West, and the new halal invest­ ment company in Europe. Dr. Monawar Iqbal talked about the rationale of Islamic banking and the services that people are in need of, e.g., investment in the form of mudarabah, musharakah, and murabah.
    keywords: banking; development; economics; islamic
       cache: ajiss-2210.pdf
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        item: #1066 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2211
      author: Khan, M. A. Muqtedar
       title: Islam and Peace
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1968
      flesch: 53
     summary: At a time when the Muslim world is suffering from an unmitigated epi- demic of violence, both from within and from without, Muslim scholars and peace and social activists got together for two days to examine the Islamic tradition of peace and to explore strategies to once again realize this Islamic ideal. Only a few of the participants were invited to present papers on subjects that dealt with the meaning of peace in Islam, the barriers to peace in the Muslim world, and the ten- sions between heightened religious identity and violence.
    keywords: american; islamic; jihad; muslim; peace; university
       cache: ajiss-2211.pdf
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        item: #1067 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2213
      author: lnayatullah, Sohail
       title: Exploring the Futures of the Ummah: A Review of Simulation Models and Approaches to the Study of Alternative Futures
        date: 1998.0
       words: 14632
      flesch: 58
     summary: Three Types of Futures Studies In my model of futures studies, I divide epistemological approaches of the future into three areas. Islamic futures would be more concerned about imagining future Muslim societies based on the Islamization of knowledge project or ask-
    keywords: alternative; future; futures studies; growth; inayatullah; islamic; issues; knowledge; london; models; muslim; new; population; present; reality; sardar; scenarios; science; social; state; studies; thinking; trends; ummah; vision; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2213.pdf
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        item: #1068 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2214
      author: Choudhury, Masudul Alam
       title: The Concept and Role of Culture in Socioscientific Systems: Some Case Studies
        date: 1998.0
       words: 9432
      flesch: 41
     summary: When viewed in light of a transmitting medium for social change against the perspectives of different worldviews, the role of culture has been construed in terms of “cultural pluralism.” i s framework of the interactive knowledge model1* as an instrumental vari- able that cannot fundamentally bring about social change in the absence of its primal induction by the knowledge premise itself.
    keywords: canadian; cause; concept; culture; development; economic; effect; government; human; ibn; indian; khaldun; knowledge; model; order; people; process; resource; self; social
       cache: ajiss-2214.pdf
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        item: #1069 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2215
      author: Abdul Rahman, Abdul Rahim
       title: Issues in Corporate Accountability and Governance: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1998.0
       words: 6306
      flesch: 47
     summary: Issues in Corporate Accountability and Governance: An Islamic Per spec t ive Abdul Rahim Abdul Rahman Introduction Corporate power in the twentieth century has clearly emerged as a dominant social institution in the lives of citizens all over the globe. Third, what precisely do corporate accountability and govemance involve?
    keywords: accountability; accounting; auditors; business; framework; governance; institution; islamic; managers; modem; shareholders; social; society
       cache: ajiss-2215.pdf
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        item: #1070 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2216
      author: Nasim, Omar
       title: Toward an Islamic Aesthetic Theory
        date: 1998.0
       words: 10256
      flesch: 59
     summary: Here is a modest effort to realize a part of her dream of a philosophy of Islamic art. All this infiity extends from the Absolute a priori sources of Islamic art.
    keywords: absolute; aesthetic; art; autonomy; beauty; form; god; islamic; kant; kantian; music; object; piece; reality; revelation; theory; truth
       cache: ajiss-2216.pdf
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        item: #1071 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2217
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. 
       title: Editorial
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1078
      flesch: 46
     summary: Although the decline of Islamic education started prior to the colonial period, the situation in this period became complex; Islamic education was driven away from public life to isolated religious institutions, leaving secular, Western edu- cation to become dominant. The first international conference on Islamic education in Makkah in 1977 drew attention to the need to rebuild Islamic education.
    keywords: education; islamic; issue; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2217.pdf
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        item: #1072 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2218
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: Winter’s Al-Ghazali on Disciplining the Soul
        date: 1997.0
       words: 8179
      flesch: 59
     summary: Winter elaborates on this point in response to Massignon’s verdict that the “Islamic credentials of Sufism” should not obscure the fact that there has been substantial Christian influence on certain forms of Muslim piety, particularly Christian attitudes to the world and the flesh -1- II). Winter’s translation is also supported by a scholarly introduction and notes; therefore, my review will focus on twq aspects: the scholarly approach of the author and the quality of his translation.
    keywords: arabic; character; christian; english; ethics; god; islamic; muslim; notes; reader; soul; style; sufi; text; translation; winter
       cache: ajiss-2218.pdf
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        item: #1073 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2219
      author: Hofmann, Murad Wilfried
       title: Muslims as Co-Citizens in the West-Rights, Duties, Limits and Prospects
        date: 1997.0
       words: 4340
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the process, Islam risks becoming more the victim of ethnic prejudice than religious prejudice. Fathi Osman put it succinctly when saying that “the division of dar al-Islam apart from the other world. . .
    keywords: century; christian; europe; european; islam; islamic; muslim; religion; rights; west; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2219.pdf
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        item: #1074 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2220
      author: Ighemat, Arezki
       title: The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution and the Turn to Islam by Robert Malley. Berkeley: University of California Press, 323 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1144
      flesch: 43
     summary: In particular, the accumulation of debts and the drying up of international financial flows pushed Third World countries to “accept painful prescriptions of the international financial institutions” and turned to more individualistic strategies of development, giving up the strategies of collective self-reliance that were once a hallmark of Third Worldism. Book Reviews The Call from Algeria: Third Worldism, Revolution and the Turn to Islam By Robert Malley.
    keywords: algeria; author; worldism
       cache: ajiss-2220.pdf
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        item: #1075 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2222
      author: Monshipouri, Mahmood
       title: Political Science: An Islamic Perspective by Abdul Rashid Moten. London: MacMillan Press/St. Martin's, 1996, 217 pp., with Index.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1510
      flesch: 47
     summary: Islamic movements, for instance, in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Iran, which represent variations in strategy and tactics, typify the richness of Islamic reawakening and self-expression. While displaying similarities and dif- ferences between and among Islamic movements in the book’s final chapter, Moten points out that the characterization of these movements as “Islamic fun- damentalism” is deeply flawed and that the Islamic reawakening (naMah) must be viewed as a process (p. 128).
    keywords: islamic; moten; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2222.pdf
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        item: #1076 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2223
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: A History of Arab-Islamic Geography (9th-16th Century AD): By Sayyid Maqbool Ahmad. Amman: Al Ahl-Bayt University, 1995,454 pp. with maps, index, and bibliography.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 705
      flesch: 53
     summary: It was partly the contribution of Nasir al-Din Tusi (astronomy), al-Battani (astronomy), Mohammed Musa al-Khwarizmi (mathe- matics), Ibn al-Haytham (optics), Abul-Rayhan al-Biruni (astronomy, physics), Ibn Sina (medicine), Al-Jazari (mechanics), Al-Sharif al-Idrisi (geography), Al- Masudi (geography), Ibn al-Nafis (blood circulation), Ibn Majid (magnetic com- pass), and others to science and technology.that motivated the Industrial Revolution of Europe. These chapters are conclusive that Arab- Islamic scientific geography began with Al-Ma’mun (813-833 AD), who estab- lished the first academy, known as Buyr al-Hikmu (the House of Wisdom).
    keywords: geography; islamic
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        item: #1077 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2224
      author: Freij, Hanna Y.
       title: Making Peace with the PLO: The Rabin Government's Road to the Oslo Accord by David Makovsky. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1996. 239 pp. with appendices. 
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2081
      flesch: 51
     summary: Furthermore, the PLO conceded to Israel jurisdiction over settlements, Israeli visitors, and areas of mil- itary facilities, while Israel limited PLO functional control to areas of education, health, welfare, tourism, and taxation, but required that the PLO get Israeli agreement over other civilian functions in which Israel had veto power (p. 55). Here, Israel used its card of recog- nizing the PLO in return for PLO concessions.
    keywords: israeli; makovsky; oslo; plo; rabin
       cache: ajiss-2224.pdf
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        item: #1078 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2225
      author: Banu, U.A.B. Razia Akter
       title: Pakistan Chronicle: By Sir Morrice James. London: Hurst & Company, 1993, 242 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1517
      flesch: 56
     summary: “It was a high watermark in Indo-Pakistan relations, not reached again in the lifetime of either of them” and without this treaty the then West Pakistan (now the entirety of Pakistan) would have suffered the same fate as East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) whose northern and southern parts have dried up due to the effect of Farakka Dam constructed by India. Unfortunately, the then central government of Pakistan was less enthusiastic in resolving the water dispute of East Pakistan with India.
    keywords: author; ayub; bhutto; book; pakistan
       cache: ajiss-2225.pdf
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        item: #1079 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2226
      author: Boulby, Marion
       title: Home and Homeland: The Dialogics of Tribal and National Identities in Jordan by Linda Layne. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 188 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 699
      flesch: 43
     summary: Finally, appearing as it did after the 1989 parliamentary elec­ tions, it seems extraordinary that this work has completely neglected to discuss the Islamic component of Jordanian social identity. In the introductory chapter of this work, the author reviews and assesses notions of social identity.
    keywords: identity; layne
       cache: ajiss-2226.pdf
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        item: #1080 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2227
      author: Berdine, Michael D.
       title: America and the Persian Gulf: The Third-Party Dimension in World Politics by Steve A. Yetiv. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1995, 180 pp. with tables, appendix, bibliography, and index.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1027
      flesch: 60
     summary: Primarily concerned with how conflict in the Persian Gulf area in the late 1970’s, 1980’s and early 1990’s affected the United States’ position in the Middle East, America and the Persian Gulf generally examines the third-party situation and, in particular, how its position changes-for better or worse-as a result of the actions of the main participants and other third parties who are active or passive participants in diplomatic crises, conflicts, and revolutions. i i party, and some conflicts affect scores of thiid parties” (p. 157).
    keywords: party; world; yetiv
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        item: #1081 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2228
      author: Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh
       title: Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: By Leonardo A. Villalon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 338.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1240
      flesch: 47
     summary: This maraboutic sys­ tem explains much of Senegal's relative success in maintaining a dynamic bal­ ance between state and society. Fatick is the prism through which the author examines the theoretical issue of how Islam has an impact on the relationship between state and society in Senegal.
    keywords: senegal; senegalese; society; state
       cache: ajiss-2228.pdf
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        item: #1082 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2229
      author: Saqeb, Ghulam Nabi
       title: Islamization of Education
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2856
      flesch: 40
     summary: Dr. Zakiyya Muhammad, founding director of the Universal Institute for Islamic Education in California, highlighted the work under- taken by that institute in promoting the cause of Islamic education in the United States. As a direct consequence of the 1977 Conference, the World Centre for Organization of Islamic Education was set up in Makkah al-Mukarramah in 1981, under the auspices of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), to spearhead conceptual research and implement blueprints and recommendations of the confer- ence.
    keywords: cape; college; conference; education; international; islamic; muslim; schools; south
       cache: ajiss-2229.pdf
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        item: #1083 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2230
      author: al-Otaibi, Moneer M.
       title: The Role of Schools in Islamic Society: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
        date: 1997.0
       words: 7880
      flesch: 54
     summary: Thus, a new and prosperous era in the development of Islamic schools had been ushered in.35 Al-Saqar has suggested that the school was “a result of more than four centuries of the development of the Islamic educational ~ys t e rn . ” The adoption of full-year programs in Islamic schools would pro- vide greater time to give students both revealed and acquired knowledge.
    keywords: century; development; education; history; islamic; knowledge; muslim; mutawali; prophet; role; schools; sciences; society; state; time; world
       cache: ajiss-2230.pdf
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        item: #1084 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2231
      author: Sahadat, John
       title: Islamic Education: A Challenge to Conscience
        date: 1997.0
       words: 8091
      flesch: 53
     summary: To say that Islamic education is a cultivation of the whde person is to emphasize that the spiritual dimensiordfaculty is fundamental, though often forgotten or deliberately omitted in Western education. Islamic education goes beyond secularism by making God‘s revelation in the Holy BooWQur’an the absolute measure of all things.
    keywords: ashraf; challenge; education; faith; god; human; islamic; knowledge; modem; muslim; nature; science; system; technology; world
       cache: ajiss-2231.pdf
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        item: #1085 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2232
      author: Waghid, Yusuf
       title: Islamic Educational Institutions: Can the Heritage Be Sustained?
        date: 1997.0
       words: 6748
      flesch: 62
     summary: In another way, without adab-the acknowledgment and recognition of creative order, truth and justice, “practices could not resist the corrupting power of institution^.^^ ~n my view, with a loss or lack of adab (internal good), Islamic educational institutions are destined to become impoverished and “unsustainable” institutions-mere monu- ments of “external” religious adornment and places where “learning” and “teaching” practices are unable to foster creative order, truth, and justice. My contention is that Islamic educational practices and institutions would become impov- erished, more specifically, rigid, because a lack of udab would give rise to a distorted rationale40 use Taylor’s notion, one in which “the origi- nal rationale may be lost.
    keywords: adab; education; ibid; institutions; islamic; learning; madrasah; muslim; order; practices; understanding
       cache: ajiss-2232.pdf
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        item: #1086 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2233
      author: Jalloh, Alusine
       title: The Fula and Islamic Education in Freetown, Sierra Leone
        date: 1997.0
       words: 8814
      flesch: 55
     summary: Second, Fula Islamic education has been designed to instill the disci- pline of hard work and to train the hands, mind, and intuitive faculty to cultivate the earth and benefit from what Allah has created. Therefore, the support of the Muslim schools was left to wealthy Muslims .3 * One of the chief beneficiaries of Fula Islamic education, especially during the colonial period, was the Aku community at Fourah Bay and Fula Town in the east of Freetown.
    keywords: africa; aku; alhaji; children; colonial; community; education; freetown; fula; fuuta; government; islamic; jalloh; jalon; leone; muslim; school; sierra; sierra leone; west; western
       cache: ajiss-2233.pdf
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        item: #1087 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2234
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. 
       title: EDIT0RIAL
        date: 1997.0
       words: 661
      flesch: 49
     summary: Muslim scholars and researchers should not just refer to Islamic episte- mology and Islamic methodology as a given or something known and understood; mther, they need to delve deep into the very heart of these matters to provide more in-depth and thought-provoking contributions. In addition to being a global forum for intellectual exchange between Muslim academicians from var- ious disciplines, AJZSS has contributed to efforts at Islamization of knowledge and the reorientation of Islamic thought.
    keywords: islamic; journal
       cache: ajiss-2234.pdf
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        item: #1088 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2235
      author: Hofmann, Murad Wilfried
       title: ON THE ROLE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS
        date: 1997.0
       words: 3790
      flesch: 64
     summary: Reflect ions ON THE ROLE OF MUSLIM INTELLECTUALS Murad Wilfried Hofmann Before delving into the subject of the role of Muslim intellectuals, we should agree on what we mean when using the term. Here, then, is the first great task of Muslim intellectuals: To chdlenge atheism on its own theoretical grounds, by becoming competent in phi- Hofmann: On the Role of Muslim Intellectuals 69 losophy and science; to prove that one can be both well educated and sci- entifically competent and a Muslim.
    keywords: god; intellectuals; islam; islamic; man; muslim; qur’an; religion; today; world
       cache: ajiss-2235.pdf
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        item: #1089 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2236
      author: Abdul-Qadir, Abuhamid M.
       title: The Early Development of Islamic Jurisprudence: By Ahmed Hasan. Delhi, India: Adam Publishers, 1994. pp. 234.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1960
      flesch: 61
     summary: Toward the end of the book, Hasan discusses the last source of Islamic law called ijma‘ in early Islamic history, its relation with qiyds, and its character. The author discusses the sources of Islamic law beginning with the develop­ ment of the main five categories of judgment of Muslims' aces, namely, the obligatory.
    keywords: author; islamic; jurisprudence; law
       cache: ajiss-2236.pdf
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        item: #1090 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2237
      author: Ahrari, M.E.
       title: Islam and Politics in Central Asia: By Mehrdad Haghayeghi. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1995.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1901
      flesch: 49
     summary: Regarding Pan-Turkism, he writes, whether the growth of this ideology would result in the rise or decline of radical Islam remains a source of controversy. However, if the reformist and secular aspects of Pan-Turkism are emphasized by its proponents, it could weaken the growth of radical Islam.
    keywords: asia; central; islam; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2237.pdf
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        item: #1091 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2238
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. 
       title: Editorial
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1269
      flesch: 44
     summary: Presently our topic focus- es on Islamic economics. Until Muslim economists provide an adequate refutation of the neoclassical argument that Islamic economics is a “spe- cial case” of neoclassical theory, any attempt to teach Islamic economics is bound to be unsatisfactory.
    keywords: economics; islamic; muslim; utility
       cache: ajiss-2238.pdf
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        item: #1092 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2240
      author: Galadanci, Bashir S.
       title: ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: THE JOURNEY SO FAR
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1825
      flesch: 50
     summary: Indeed, many scholars argue that at this stage of the development of the Islamization of knowledge concept, it is healthy to have a lot of debate on what it is exactly and what it is not, on its scope and on the best approach to follow. Galadanci: lslamization of Knowledge Seminar: The Journey 271 ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: THE JOURNEY SO FAR Bashir S. Galadanci Allah, the Most High, clearly gives the mantle of leadership to Muslims when He categorically states in the Holy Qur'an:
    keywords: islamic; islamization; knowledge; sciences
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        item: #1093 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2241
      author: Shehu, Salisu
       title: ONE-DAY SEMINAR ON ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE
        date: 1997.0
       words: 544
      flesch: 47
     summary: It has been observed that, although a number of departments in the university offer Islamically oriented courses and several papers had been presented in some departmental and even some international semi- nars, many academic staff still do not have a proper understanding of the idea behind the Islamization of knowledge. He also discussed the historical factors that motivated the Islamization of knowledge exercise, that is, the existence of two parallel and conflicting systems of education-Qur'anic and secular-in the Muslim world (a byproduct of colonialism).
    keywords: islamization; knowledge
       cache: ajiss-2241.pdf
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        item: #1094 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2242
      author: Maiwada, Danjuma A.
       title: ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: BACKGROUND AND SCOPE
        date: 1997.0
       words: 3183
      flesch: 57
     summary: 280 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 142 Scope of Islamization of Knowledge From the point of view of Islam, knowledge is classified into two broad categories: basic knowledge derived directly from the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and knowledge acquired by man primarily with the help of his intellect and experiments. i o n can only precede knowledge, and without knowledge there is no Islam; hence, the revelation of the Holy Qur’an.
    keywords: allah; discipline; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; man; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2242.pdf
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        item: #1095 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2243
      author: Pomeranz, Felix
       title: PRIVATIZATION AND THE ETHICS OF ISLAM
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2173
      flesch: 45
     summary: In gen- eral, the “less developed” nations, including peoples of the Muslim faith, seem to have attracted the advocates of privatization. Disturbing results are obtained when the substance and process of privatization are juxta- posed to the teaching of Islam.
    keywords: business; denationalization; ethics; example; islam; islamic; privatization; state
       cache: ajiss-2243.pdf
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        item: #1096 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2244
      author: Ahmad, lmtiazuddin
       title: Economic Doctrines of Islam: A Study in the Doctrines of Islam and Their Implications for Poverty, Employment, and Economic Growth By Irfan Ul Haq. Herndon, VA: IIIT, 1996. xiv + 293 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2028
      flesch: 50
     summary: Therefore, the clear and unam- biguous conclusion from this practice in the context of current economic policy is that the only space- and time-neutral mandatory obligation on all Muslims is to pay zakah. We fM no support from economic theory or the experience of the developing or socialist world to indicate that nationalized banks contribute to social profitability.
    keywords: author; economic; islamic; land; policy; state
       cache: ajiss-2244.pdf
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        item: #1097 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2245
      author: al-‘Alwani, Taha Jabir
       title: The Asian Renaissance: By Anwar Ibrahim. Malaysia: Times Books Internalional, 1996, 159pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2066
      flesch: 60
     summary: In the opening chapter, Anwar argues that eternal truths guide action. He never sadiced Truth for the sake of udab and I believe Anwar endeavors to follow the ethics of prophethood in this matter.
    keywords: anwar; east; god; renaissance; truth
       cache: ajiss-2245.pdf
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        item: #1098 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2246
      author: Arif, Professor Nasr
       title: Religion and the Order of Nature: by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, 310 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2984
      flesch: 48
     summary: Professor Nasr brings together a breath-taking depth of knowledge in a single volume-he covers the fields of metaphysics and comparative reli- gion, traditional cosmology and modem philosophies of nature, as well as the history of science and the rise of secularism and humanism. For Professor Nasr, the contemplative appreciation of the world of nature is essential to avert an environmental catastrophe and does not detract from objec- tive science, rather it is a fulfillment of it.
    keywords: man; nasr; nature; professor; professor nasr; world
       cache: ajiss-2246.pdf
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        item: #1099 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2247
      author: Khan, Muhammad Akram
       title: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE ECONOMY
        date: 1997.0
       words: 7398
      flesch: 57
     summary: Islamic governments should adopt the following policies to control and regulate advertising: Set up a standing commission to oversee and monitor its contents, appeal, and format to ensure that it does not violate Islamic values; Once interest is banned, Islamic government has to undertake a complete restructuring of the financial sector.
    keywords: economy; government; interest; islamic; land; market; people; property; public; rights; role; sector; social; society; state
       cache: ajiss-2247.pdf
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        item: #1100 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2248
      author: Sultan, Arif
       title: WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT: lMPLICATIONS FOR THE MUSLIM WORLD
        date: 1997.0
       words: 6198
      flesch: 55
     summary: Strong market orientation to trade of agricul- Nal commodities has been envisaged through (a) reducing direct export Sultan: WTO Successor to GATT: Implications 177 subsidy by 36 percent and indirect support to farmers by 20 percent over a &year period; (b) converting all nontariff barriers into tariffs and then steadily reducing the latter by 36 percent over the next 6 years in the case of developed countries and by 24 percent over the next 10 years in the case of developing countries; and (c) requiring countries with farm mar- kets closed to foreigners to import at least 3 percent of domestic con- sumption, which will rise to 5 percent over a period of 6 years. In these circum- stances, economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be on the top of their agenda.
    keywords: agreement; countries; gatt; manufacturing; muslim; percent; round; services; tariffs; trade; uruguay; world; wto; years
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        item: #1101 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2249
      author: Haneef, Mohamed Aslam Mohamed; Amin, Ruzita Mohammad
       title: CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL DIMENSIONS OF ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE: A CASE STUDY OF THE ECONOMICS PROGRAM AT THE IIUM By Mohamed Aslam Mohamed Haneef & Ruzita Muhammad Amin
        date: 1997.0
       words: 8376
      flesch: 47
     summary: If this phenomenon reflects the dichotomy between Islamic and conventional courses, which is the very element that the Islamization of knowledge tries to reconcile, then even with the increase in the number of Islamic courses over the years, the program has actually regressed to a certain extent in terms of the inte- gration process. I 3 ECON 3551 Usul Fiqh I1 3 ECON 4010 History of Islamic Economic Thought 3 ECON 4610 Issues in Islamic Economics 3 Total 21 Note: * Economics 1 was an introductory course on Islamic economics.
    keywords: cfk; courses; economics; education; iium; irkh; islamic; islamization; knowledge; malaysia; program; students; university
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        item: #1102 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2250
      author: Ma'sum Billah, Muhammad
       title: CAVEAT EMPTOR VERSUS KHIYAR AL-'AYB
        date: 1997.0
       words: 10300
      flesch: 71
     summary: A quick glance through the above main features of a warranty of goods will reveals that there are some differences between the way the doctrine of caveat emptor protects the buyer/consumer from defective goods or products and the approach adopted by a warranty. The seller is also under the duty to disclose the defect of the goods to the buyer before the sale and purchase agreement if the seller has a fiduciary relationship with him.22 Such relationships include the rela- tionship between a solicitor and his client, a trustee and his cestui que trust, a spiritual adviser and his devotee, a doctor and his patient, a woman and her confidential managing agent, parents (or guardians) and their child, a creditor and a debtor:3 and a fianc6e and her f i a n ~ t k , ~ but not a husband and his ~ i f e . 2 ~ Caveat Emptor: Its Impact On the Following Aspects Defective Products It is undeniable that the birth of the caveat emptor doctrine in the early 17th century served as a starting point in protecting the rights and inter- ests of society against defective goods and products.
    keywords: agreement; buyer; caveat; contract; defect; doctrine; emptor; goods; islamic; law; option; purchase; right; sale; seller
       cache: ajiss-2250.pdf
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        item: #1103 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2251
      author: El-Ansary, Waleed
       title: THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF JIHAD IN ECONOMICS
        date: 1997.0
       words: 16076
      flesch: 60
     summary: By denying that truth is a motivating cause in qualitative choice, neoclassical theory confines man to an ego- ism which makes it impossible for true generosity to exist. Indeed, neoclassical theory maintains that a spiritual j M is not only unnecessary but impossible.
    keywords: absolute; cause; choice; economics; evil; god; good; homo; ibid; islamic; love; man; neoclassical; qualitative; schuon; theory; things; truth; utility; virtue
       cache: ajiss-2251.pdf
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        item: #1104 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2252
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A. 
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1997.0
       words: 721
      flesch: 36
     summary: vi The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 141 On perhaps a deeper microlevel than that of the preceding papers, Omar H. Khaleefa chalIerrges, in his The Imperialism of EmAmerican Psychology in non-Western Cultures: An Attempt toward an Urnmatic Psychology, the notion that psychology, defined as the scientific study of human behavior, is based on theories and methods that are universal or objective and therefore valid for all peoples and under all circumstances. Elmessiri takes a hard look at the underlying assumptions of modernity, including its view of humanity, and explains how the natm+maaer paradigm has insinuated itself as the underlying paradigm of Western modernity.
    keywords: islamic; modernity; study
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        item: #1105 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2253
      author: Yamani, Mohammed Abdou
       title: ISLAM AND THE WEST: THE NEED FOR MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING
        date: 1997.0
       words: 5210
      flesch: 62
     summary: It is noteworthy to mention here the constructive approach taken by another American j o d s t , Stephen Barbosa, in his recent American Jihad: Islam @er Malcolm X . When represented in the West, it is always associated with negative images that repel Westerners from seeing what Islam really is.
    keywords: american; christians; god; islam; islamic; muslim; prophet; rights; social; way; west; world
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        item: #1106 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2254
      author: Gilliat, Sophie
       title: MUSLIM YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS IN BRITAIN: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
        date: 1997.0
       words: 5724
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the first part of this paper, I will examine the emergence and development of Muslim youth organizations in Britain, paying attention to questions such as their goals, membership, leadership, ethos, and activities. These conditions of a more permanent community settlement underpinned by relatively settled family life laid the foundations for .the Muslim youth organizations seen today.
    keywords: activities; britain; british; fosis; groups; identity; islamic; members; muslim; organizations; society; youth
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        item: #1107 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2255
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: ISLAM AND THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: 16-20 Muharram 1417/3-7 June 1996 Department of Southeast Asia & Oceania Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1511
      flesch: 42
     summary: Seminars, Conferences, Addresses ISLAM AND THE TWICNTY-FIRST CENTURY 1620 Mu&rmrn 141713-7 June 1996 Department of Southeast Asia & Oceania Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands On 4 June 1996, a plenary session was held at Groot Auditorium, in the Academy Building of Leiden University. Kopansky was slotted into this session along with Michael Mastura, a Philippine member of Parliament, and Muhammad Hisyam, an Indonesian scholar (Leiden University) involved in the INIS project.
    keywords: islamic; leiden; paper; south; studies; university
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        item: #1108 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2256
      author: Haniff, Ghulam M.
       title: Muslim Minorities in the West: By Syed Z. Abedin and Ziauddin Sardar, eds. London: Grey Seal (Publications) Limited, 1995, 212 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1471
      flesch: 44
     summary: Through fourteen rich and original articles, this book explores a plethora of problems confronting Muslims, both the recent immigrant arrivals in Europe, Australia, and North America as well as the indigenous followers of Islam in the Balkans, living within communal collectivities of the Western world. It examines “the sacrifices Muslims have to make and the price they have to pay to maintain or to acquire a Muslim identity.”
    keywords: book; islamic; muslims; social
       cache: ajiss-2256.pdf
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        item: #1109 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2257
      author: Sarwar, Ghulam
       title: Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: By 'Zafar Ali Qureshi. Mansoorah, Pakisan: ldara Ma'arif lslami, 1992, 2 vols.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 854
      flesch: 61
     summary: Watt’s attempt to castigate the Prophet, AbO Bakr, and other Muslims fails, as does his quest to play down the untold hardships and persecutions suffered by Muslims at the hands of the pagan Qwaysh. 114 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14:1 Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics By 'Zafar Ali Qureshi.
    keywords: prophet; watt
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        item: #1110 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2258
      author: Altalib, Omar
       title: Al-Mughtaribun: American Law and the Transformation of Muslim Life in the U.S. by Kathleen Moore. New York: SUNY Press, 1995, 211 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1061
      flesch: 64
     summary: Moore shows how Muslims in the United States have been affected by American immigration law (chapters 2 and 3), religious liberty laws affecting Muslims in prison (chapter 4), hate crime legislation affecting mosques (chap­ ter 5), and zoning laws that affect mosques (chapter 6). Many Muslims in this country must deal with issues of prayer in the workplace, prayer in public schools, and prayer on public property.
    keywords: american; book; muslims
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        item: #1111 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2259
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Searching for Solace: A Biography of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Interpreter of the Qur'an by M.A. Sherif. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 1994.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1211
      flesch: 67
     summary: 118 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14:1 Searching for Solace: A Biography of Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Interpreter of the Qur'an By M.A. Sherif. Searching for Solace consists of two parts, two appendixes, and a section displaying documents and photos of Yusuf Ali and those with whom he had contact.
    keywords: ali; english; qur’an
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        item: #1112 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2260
      author: Woods, John E.
       title: The Vision of Islam: By Sachiko Murata and William C. Chittick. New York: Paragon House, 1994, xii+ 368 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 712
      flesch: 52
     summary: 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14:l The Vision of Islam By Sachiko Murata and William C. Chittick. The Vision of Islam forms part of a series, entitled Visions of Reality, designed to focus on religions as worldviews.
    keywords: authors; islam; vision
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        item: #1113 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2261
      author: Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M.
       title: Islam and the Western Philosophy of Knowledge: By Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. Selangor, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, 1994, 103 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1657
      flesch: 50
     summary: Looking at chapter 3, “The Methodological Issues: A Critique,” one real- izes that the author takes up the same issues as in the preceding chapter only to deal with another set of western philosophers: Ren6 Descartes, Immanuel Kant, John Dewey, and Walter Stace (for the second time). So, is the author offering a Qur’anic rationale for and justification of some uiucial philosophical issues arising in the modem westem world, or is he interested in measuring the impact of western philosophy on the modem Muslim mind in the context of colonialism and the new world order?
    keywords: author; issues; muslim; world
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        item: #1114 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2262
      author: Hamedi, Jalal
       title: The Nearest in Affection: Towards a Christian Understanding of Islam by Stuart Brown. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1995.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1355
      flesch: 70
     summary: The correct statement is that Muslims believe this, because there are many non- Book Reviews 125 Muslim Arabs and many non-Arab Muslims who believe that Isma’il lay on the altar. In my opinion, this book will cause more confusion for non-Muslims than it will help them to understand Muslims.
    keywords: author; book; islam
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        item: #1115 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2263
      author: Hamed, Anas H.
       title: Oil in the New World Order: Edited by Kate Gillespie and Clement M. Henry. University Press of Florida, 1995.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1361
      flesch: 47
     summary: The third arti- cle discusses the regionalization of oil markets as another possible future for oil. The first article deals with oil policy.
    keywords: author; industry; oil; order; policy
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        item: #1116 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2264
      author: Kempton, Karl
       title: The Ramadan Sonnets: By Daniel Moore. West Bethesda: A Jusoor Book-Kitab and San Francisco: City Lights, 125 pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 480
      flesch: 58
     summary: Best book of poems I’ve read in years by a contemporary and have had the pleasure of being lifted by, shot into the orbit of harmonious rapture grins and the joyousness of countless YES, 0, YES. The poems range from the well-known, long Beat-like free verse line, a line that he has raised to a level eclipsing the older Second Wave, to the for- mal sonnet with surprising rhymes and meaning behind the meaning so that the form, unlike most contemporary attempts, is secondary.
    keywords: poems; poetry
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        item: #1117 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2265
      author: Elmessiri, Abdelwahab M.
       title: THE DANCE OF THE PEN, THE PLAY OF THE SIGN: A STUDY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODERNITY, IMMANENCE, AND DECONSTRUCTION
        date: 1997.0
       words: 5733
      flesch: 52
     summary: Nature is eter- nal, self-existent, self&cted, and self-referential; 2) Natural laws are immutable and cannot be violated or suspended; 3) Nature is a whole that subsumes everything else and thus allows no gaps, discontinuities, dual- ities, hierarchies, or irreducible entities; 4) Natural laws apply to both humanity and nature and assign no special status to humanity; 5 ) The basis of all natural phenomena is solid matter and fluid energy. In short, humanity passes from the embryonic stage, in which the individual is both limit- less and completely determined, with no space separating him/her from nature, to the divine (rabbdnl) stage, where he/she is limited but, through these very limits, where freedom, dignity, identity, sepamte conscious- ness, and the abilities to loose and to transcend are gained.
    keywords: god; humanity; immanence; individual; laws; matter; modernity; nature; self; world
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        item: #1118 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2266
      author: Ali, Mohammad Mumtaz
       title: THE CONCEPT OF MODERNIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC THOUGHT
        date: 1997.0
       words: 6141
      flesch: 47
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 1 4 1 though these scholars have not redefined modernization from an explic- itly Islamic perspective, a working definition of Islamic modernization may be framed from their critical analysis of the epistemological foun- dation of the western conception of modernization. It is imperative to conceptualize modemization from an Islamic per- spective and to develop a clear conception of Islamic modernization.
    keywords: development; god; humanity; ibid; iqbal; islamic; knowledge; life; modernization; muslim; nature; society; west
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        item: #1119 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2267
      author: Iqbal, Javaid
       title: MODERN INDIAN MUSLIMS AND IQBAL
        date: 1997.0
       words: 8384
      flesch: 62
     summary: In this connection, the fmt thing to remember is that whenever Iqbal speaks of a modem Islamic state, he envisions traditional models of Islamic states that have appeared throughout history: caliphat, imamate, amirate, or various fonns of monarchy. Before talking about the three foundational principles on which a modem Islamic state can be built, as propounded by Iqbal, I would like to refer to the last paragraph of his sixth lecture, in which he defines Islamic state as a “spiritual democracy.”
    keywords: community; indian; iqbal; islamic; law; lectures; modem; muslim; power; principles; sciences; society; state; thought; time; ulama
       cache: ajiss-2267.pdf
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        item: #1120 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2268
      author: Khaleefa, Omar H.
       title: THE IMPERIALISM OF EURO-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY IN A NONWESTERN CULTURE: AN ATTEMPT TOWARD AN UMMATIC PSYCHOLOGY
        date: 1997.0
       words: 11829
      flesch: 46
     summary: Areas of study that quickly spread during this period were group psychology, clinical psy- chology, social psychology, and anthropological psychology. If one looks at the publications of the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society, psychologists classify themselves according to their fields or specific topic of hterest, such as social psychology, developmental psychology, abnormal psychology, psychotherapy, counseling, occupational psychology, psychometrics, media, women, and so on.
    keywords: american; behavior; culture; development; education; euro; groups; individuals; islamic; journal; khaleefa; modem; motivation; need; psychological; psychologists; psychology; religion; sciences; social; society; study; sudan; values; world
       cache: ajiss-2268.pdf
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        item: #1121 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2269
      author: Mahroof, M. M. M.
       title: THE COOKS’ TOUR SYNDROME: TOWARD A CRITIQUE OF WESTERN ANTHROPOSOCIOLOGY
        date: 1997.0
       words: 7657
      flesch: 54
     summary: The survey of anthropology edited by V. F. Calverton and published in the Modern Library Series (New York) in the 1940s gives an insight into the state of western anthropology up to World War II. Hence, western anthropology at that period was roughly his- torical descriptions of human institutions and the detailing of exotic lives of primitive (in the sense of lacking facilities) communities.
    keywords: american; anthropologist; anthropology; british; communities; european; fieldwork; groups; law; life; people; races; sciences; social; sociology; studies; terms; time; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2269.pdf
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        item: #1122 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2270
      author: Suliman, Osman
       title: Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign Policy and Regionalism by Dewi Fortuna Anwar. Regional Strategic Studies Programme, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, n.d. xiii + 335pp.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 897
      flesch: 46
     summary: Specifically, the organization is intended to promote harmony and peace in the region, given that ASEAN countries are relatively more politically stable and economically developed compared to the nearby [ndochinese states. Chapter 3, develops a thorough examination of the economic and func- tional cooperation of ASEAN countries inside the bloc and with respect to inter- national problems.
    keywords: asean; chapter; policy
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        item: #1123 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2271
      author: Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh
       title: Islam in West Africa: Religion, Society and Politics to 1800 by Nehemia Levtzion. Aldershot, Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 1994.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1324
      flesch: 57
     summary: One can only hope for a sequel that examines West African Islam in our era of global Islamic resurgence. Levtzion identifies two trend in African Islam: accommodation and militancy.
    keywords: africa; islam; islamic; levtzion; west
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        item: #1124 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2272
      author: Moten, Abdul Rashid
       title: WORKSHOP REPORT ON THE ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1283
      flesch: 47
     summary: Reports on Workshops, Conferences and Seminars WORKSHOP REPORT ON THE ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE Abdul Rashid Moten The workshop on the Islamization of knowledge, organized by the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, was held at Regency Hotel, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, from June 7-11, 1996. Workshops and seminars of this sort usually revolve around the nature, characteristics, and rationale for the Islamization of knowledge.
    keywords: islamization; knowledge; participants; workshop
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        item: #1125 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2273
      author: Musa, Ibrahim
       title: Ethnic Conflict in World Politics: By Ted Robert Gurr and Barbara Harff. Dilemmas in World Politics Series. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994, pp. 206.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 3132
      flesch: 50
     summary: An Afghan of unknown views: Sayyid Jamal al Din al Afghani and the role of Shi‘ism in Islamic political thought. Although he died in the 189O’s, his stature among political movements calling themselves “Islamist” has steadi- ly increased in this century.
    keywords: alfarabi; islamic; number; order; ph.d; southern; swahili; university; war
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        item: #1126 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2274
      author: Farooqui, Jamil
       title: Pluralism in "Old Societies and New States": Emerging ASEAN Contexts by Amyn B. Sajoo. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1994, pp. 103.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1677
      flesch: 51
     summary: They have suc- ceeded in their attempt and distinguished themselves from other countries in the continent. He suc- cessfully explains, with suitable examples, how Islam tolerated the divergent ideologies and cultural traits from the very beginning of its emergence, and allowed them, with all protection and patronage, to co-exist.
    keywords: democracy; ethos; pluralism; social; traits
       cache: ajiss-2274.pdf
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        item: #1127 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2275
      author: Moussalli, Ahmad
       title: Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics, 2nd Ed. by Ann Elizabeth Mayer. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2010
      flesch: 45
     summary: Prof. Mayer argues that some governments’ claims of different schemes for Islamic human rights create major contradictions to international human rights and justify the dis- crimination against women and religious minorities, as happened with the new Islamization programs of the Sudan, Pakistan, and Iran. Some Muslims accept the com- patibility of Islam with international human rights, some reject it as un-Islamic, yet others compromise Islamic human rights with international human rights.
    keywords: belief; islamic; mayer; rights
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        item: #1128 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2276
      author: Kucukcan, Talip
       title: Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition by Tadeusz: Swietochowski, Columbia University Press, 1995.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1449
      flesch: 55
     summary: Swietochowski argues (p. 108) that Russia devised a policy designed to dis- mantle the bedrock of Azeri identity by promoting “the millat over the umma identity, of the secular, rather than the Islamic foundations of communal life, and of fragmentation rather than of the Muslim unity.” He argues that the suppression of Azeri identity in Iran had certain parallels albeit different in scope and character, in the Soviet Union.
    keywords: azerbaijan; azeri; identity; soviet; swietochowski
       cache: ajiss-2276.pdf
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        item: #1129 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2277
      author: Young, William C.
       title: Tribes, Government and History in Yemen: By Paul Dresch. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 2458
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, other cross-cultural comparisons (particularly between Yemeni tribes and the Moroccan tribes studied by David Hart) would also have been illuminating. And although Dresch is correct when he observes that Yemeni tribal custom and Islamic law often are in agreement (p. 183), he forgets to add that Islam is not only a legal system but has a cosmology and ritual observances quite at variance with those of the tribes.
    keywords: book; dresch; state; tribes; zaydi
       cache: ajiss-2277.pdf
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        item: #1130 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2278
      author: Hill, Fred
       title: The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War In the New World Order by Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.
        date: 1997.0
       words: 794
      flesch: 63
     summary: The “second wave” of Gulf War analysis is now upon us. The authors have achieved a higher level of journalism than pre- vious Gulf War accounts, but one can still hear the cheers from the locker room.
    keywords: authors; gulf; war
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        item: #1131 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2279
      author: Pacaci, Mehmet
       title: THE ROLE OF SUBJECT (MUJTAHID) IN AL-SHAFI'I'S METHODOLOGY: HERMENEUTIC APPROACH
        date: 1997.0
       words: 8207
      flesch: 68
     summary: See al- Amidi, al-lhkamfi Usul al-Ahkam, vol. 111, pp. See al-Amidi, al-lhkamfi Usul al-Ahkam, vol.
    keywords: case; din; fiqh; imam; islamic; judgments; knowledge; methodology; reasoning; shafi‘i; subject; usul; usul al
       cache: ajiss-2279.pdf
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        item: #1132 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2280
      author: Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
       title: ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS
        date: 1997.0
       words: 10735
      flesch: 56
     summary: Futures options represent listed puts and calls on a select but growing number of standardized futures contracts. In other words, futures options are valued like any other listed puts and calls by reference to the differences in the option’s striking price and the market price of the underlying futures contract.
    keywords: analysis; buyer; contract; futures; futures contract; ibn; islamic; money; option; option buyer; options trading; premium; price; sale; seller; time; trading
       cache: ajiss-2280.pdf
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        item: #1133 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2281
      author: al-'Alwani, Taha Jabir
       title: THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC lJTIHAD IN THE REGULATION AND CORRECTION OF CAPITAL MARKETS
        date: 1997.0
       words: 13738
      flesch: 52
     summary: Precise understanding of Islamic principles must inform both disciplines to establish the true complementarity between them and successfully apply the Islamic paradigm to economic problems. The solution must, therefore, come from the epistemo- logical and methodological point of view which carefully defines and applies Islamic principles, not tuqliil of the West.
    keywords: absolute; approach; capital; economics; god; good; islamic; man; market; needs; principles; qur’an; requires; role; sciences; social; theory; time; truth; utility; values
       cache: ajiss-2281.pdf
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        item: #1134 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2282
      author: Inayatullah, Sohail
       title: THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD
        date: 1997.0
       words: 1920
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, while delegates at the meeting debated the positions of Islamic science, Western science, Islamic ontological science, and the world political economy (which frames who gets what), new technolo- gies promise to transform the ground of the debate. In addition to developing a critique of Western science and not acceding to an entirely cultural position of Islamic science, the conference touched upon the politics of policy mak- ing.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; reality; science; world
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        item: #1135 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2284
      author: Abugideiri, Hibba
       title: Editorial
        date: 1996.0
       words: 783
      flesch: 35
     summary: This year has brought many changes to AJISS, not only in the scope of Islamic issues highlighted within the articles, but also in the range of opinions articulated by their authors. Underlying her Qur’anic rereading of Eve’s role in the parable of creation lies the goal of forging a new methodological approach to Islamic issues that need to be redressed, particularly in light of the current wave of Islamic revivalism.
    keywords: islamic; women
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        item: #1136 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2285
      author: Nasr, Seyyed Hossein
       title: Islam and the West: Yesterday and Today
        date: 1996.0
       words: 6489
      flesch: 38
     summary: Which Islam and which West are we considering? In fact, prac- tically the only political unity observed in the West these days appears in its hatred of Islam, as shown in the case of Bosnia and Chechnya, where one has observed, with very few exceptions, the uniformity of silence, indifference, and inaction by various voices in the West in the face of the worst kind of human atrocities.
    keywords: christian; christianity; god; islam; islamic; modem; muslims; religion; today; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2285.pdf
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        item: #1137 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2286
      author: Kahf, Mohja
       title: Muslim Women's Studies: Two Contributions
        date: 1996.0
       words: 3838
      flesch: 54
     summary: Both works study the place of Muslim women in the textual heritage of the community, but their points of departure are different. Surely, clues such as these call for meticulous research into the ways in which the literary presence of Muslim women has been erased from cultural memory and the ways in which it can be retrieved-but it begins with recognition that this presence exists.
    keywords: aishah; gender; islamic; muhsin; muslim; qur’an; spellberg; studies; wadud; women
       cache: ajiss-2286.pdf
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        item: #1138 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2287
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Inscription as Art in the World of Islam: 7-9 Dhu al-Hijjah 1416/25-27 April 1996 Hofstra University, Hofstra Cultural Center Long Island, New York
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1478
      flesch: 39
     summary: This was followed by the fifth session, which, moderated by Daniel Varisco (Hofstra University), consisted of Alexandra Bain (University of Victoria, BC, Canada), “A Contemporary Sufi Master’s Use of Sacred Inscriptions”; Richard Weissman (University of California-Los Angeles), “Islamic Inscriptions as Apotropaic Art A Study of Turkish Talismanic Shirts”; Alhaja Rahmatallahi Ogunmuyiwa (Federation of Muslim Women’s Associations in Nigeria), “The Arabic Script as Sacred Writing in Nigeria” (read in her absence by one of the organizers); and Saiyad Nizamuddin Ahmad (Princeton University), “Towards a Cosmology of Sacred Inscription in Islam: Glimpses of ‘Zlm aZ-Huruf.” Conferences, Addresses Inscription as Art in the World of Islam 7-9 Dhu al-l;lijjah 1416/25-27 April 1996 Hofstra University, Hofstra Cultural Center Long Island, New York 589 During April 1996, the Hofstra Cultural Center organized an interna­ tional interdisciplinary conference that focused upon the role of inscription in Islamic art.
    keywords: arabic; art; inscriptions; islamic; university; works
       cache: ajiss-2287.pdf
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        item: #1139 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2288
      author: Cantori, Louis J.
       title: The Islamic Movement in Egypt: Perceptions of International Relations 1967-81 by Walid M. Abdelnasser. London: Kegan Paul International, 1994, 308 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 700
      flesch: 49
     summary: In general, the Egyptian Muslim organizational point of view of foreign policy naturally responded to international forces. An important question largely undeveloped is that of the relationship of Egyptian foreign policy objectives to those of Islamism.
    keywords: egyptian
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        item: #1140 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2289
      author: Thorbojrnsrud, Bent
       title: A Trade Like Any Other: Female Singers and Dancers in Egypt by Karin van Nieuwkerk. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995, 226 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2172
      flesch: 61
     summary: Does this not imply that women can transform men into sexual bodies? And she asks: Is the tainted reputation of female entertainers due to the fact that entertainment is a dishonorable profession or is it due to the fact that the profession is dishonorable for women?
    keywords: bodies; body; trade; van; women
       cache: ajiss-2289.pdf
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        item: #1141 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2290
      author: Elwazani, Salim A.
       title: The Restoration and Conservation of Islamic Monuments in Egypt: Edited by Jere L. Bacharach. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1995, ix + 194 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1399
      flesch: 35
     summary: Erudik writ- ing shows in such essays as Biennan’s, Abd El-Zaher A. Abo El-Ela’s “‘The Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Mosque of al-Azhar and the Complex of al-Ghuri,” Phillip Speiser’s “The Egyptian-German Restora- tion of Darb al-Qirmiz, Cairo,” and Saleh Lamei’s However, opportunities to strengthen 578 preservation efforts also benefited from sympathetic organizations whose endeavors crossed their national borders to support preservation projects in other countries.
    keywords: book; egypt; islamic; monuments; preservation
       cache: ajiss-2290.pdf
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        item: #1142 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2291
      author: Hasan, Zubair
       title: An Introduction to Islamic Economics: By Muhammad Akram Khan. Islamabad, International Institute of Islamic Thought and Institute of Policy Studies, Pakistan, 1994, xii+ 153 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2444
      flesch: 47
     summary: Book Reviews 58 1 Chapter 4, on Islamic economics in practice, disposes of such vast areas as Islamic banking, zakah, insurance, uw4@, and hisbuh in just five pages! Chapter 1 provides a broad picture of Islamic economics for those who may not have the time to read the entire book (p. xii).
    keywords: akram; economics; islamic; resources; scarcity
       cache: ajiss-2291.pdf
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        item: #1143 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2292
      author: Vawda, Shahid
       title: Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East by Michael Gilsenan. London: I. B. Tauris & Co., 1993, 287 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1591
      flesch: 44
     summary: His book Recognising Islam is a detailed ethnography of the practice of Islam in the Middle East. Book Reviews 585 Book Review Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Middle East By Michael Gilsenan.
    keywords: east; gilsenan; islam; middle
       cache: ajiss-2292.pdf
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        item: #1144 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2293
      author: Francisse, Anne Eudoxie
       title: The Short Vowels in Islamic Texts
        date: 1996.0
       words: 5048
      flesch: 63
     summary: Francisse: The Short Vowels in Arabic Islamic Texts Every period of Arab history has had its own peculiar vocabulary which should be set forth in a separate dictionary . . . . Francisse: The Short Vowels in Arabic Islamic Texts 597
    keywords: arabic; c.e; century; islamic; knowledge; language; qur’an; read; reading; scribe; second; texts; vowels
       cache: ajiss-2293.pdf
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        item: #1145 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2294
      author: Kausar, Zeenath
       title: Oikos/Polis Conflict: Perspectives of Gender Feminists and Islamic Revivalists
        date: 1996.0
       words: 10902
      flesch: 53
     summary: The first strategic action undertaken by the INF for women’s public and especially political participation were the desegregation of its male and female wings and the institutionalization of a single structure for both, in the mid-1970~.~ This has helped women revivalists to interact with their male counterparts, share experiences, and inspire each other to work for the cause of Islam. They argue that all of these insti- tutions (the world and even God and religion) are structured on the views of men and for men’s domination of women.w Hence, equal political par- ticipation is necessary, for through equal political participation women can gradually overthrow men and establish a dictatorship of women, which would be a transitory period of settlement giving rise to a sexless and classless society.
    keywords: class; family; feminism; feminists; gender; gender feminists; islamic; journal; kausar; leadership; male; movement; muslim; new; participation; revivalists; rights; role; social; society; state; women; world
       cache: ajiss-2294.pdf
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        item: #1146 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2295
      author: Abdel Rahman, Abdel Rahman Ahmed
       title: Administrative Responsibility: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1996.0
       words: 9648
      flesch: 46
     summary: Despite a plethora of mechanisms for ensuring administrative responsibility or bureaucratic responsiveness, many public bureaucracies may still be unresponsive and unaccountable. The first section presents and examines critically the modem literature on administrative responsibility.
    keywords: accountability; administrative; administrators; behavior; bureaucracy; control; god; government; individual; islamic; motivation; policy; power; public; responsibility; sense; social; values
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        item: #1147 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2296
      author: Abugideiri, Hibba
       title: Allegorical Gender: The Figure of Eve Revisited
        date: 1996.0
       words: 8232
      flesch: 66
     summary: For some examples, see Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Y. Haddad, “Eve: Islamic Image of Woman,” Women’s Studies lnternationul Forum, 5, no. 2 (1987); D. A. Spell- berg, “Writing the Unwritten Life of the Islamic Eve: Menstruation and the Demonization of Motherhood,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, no. 29 (1996): 305-24; D. A. Spellberg, Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Part: The L.egacy of Aishu bint Abi Bukir (New York: Columbia University Press. 1994); Barbara F. Stowasser, Women in the Qur‘an, Tradirions and Interpretation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); Amina Wadud-Muhsin. It will only be through a rereading of the Qur’anic text and a review of the hadith literature that Muslim, in general, and Muslim women, in particular, can begin to expand and reform traditionalist views of what is “truly Islamic.”
    keywords: adam; creation; eve; garden; gender; god; humanity; islamic; muslim; nature; qur’an; qur’anic; verse; women
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        item: #1148 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2297
      author: al-'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Authority: Divine or Qur'anic?
        date: 1996.0
       words: 6624
      flesch: 61
     summary: Surrounding the Islamic concept of divine authority, for example, there is an entire network of related concepts. Unless these related con- cepts are understood, both on their own and within the larger context of the Islamic order itself, the concept of divine authority will remain unclear.
    keywords: allah; authority; concepts; divine; god; islamic; people; power; prophet; qur’an; understanding
       cache: ajiss-2297.pdf
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        item: #1149 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2298
      author: Abugideiri, Hibba
       title: Editorial
        date: 1996.0
       words: 672
      flesch: 31
     summary: Breaking up Islamic political authority between the executive and the legislative-judicial branches, Sonn reveals how the legislative-judicial branch, that is, the branch that ensured that the entire government was functioning according to the laws of God, was dominant in classical Islamic political theory. Starting from the same premise of the God-Humanity-Universe inter- relationship as Waghid, Choudhury proposes a theoretical framework of Islamic political economy, for “Islamic political economy is one such area whose theory and pmctice must be subsumed within this same unique methodology of the unifying (tm@di) epistemology.”
    keywords: authority; economy
       cache: ajiss-2298.pdf
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        item: #1150 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2299
      author: Aminrazavai, Mehdi
       title: Medieval Philosophical Discourse and Muslim-Christian Dialogue
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2947
      flesch: 50
     summary: Reflections Medieval Philosophical Discourse and Muslim-Christian Dialogue Mehdi Aminrazavi As pluralistic societies in the West become the nonn and the global village becomes a reality, ecumenical dialogues gain prominence. I will then apply the conclusions drawn from this model to contemporary attempts at such ecumenical dialogues.
    keywords: christian; dialogue; islamic; muslims; philosophy; west
       cache: ajiss-2299.pdf
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        item: #1151 of 2426
          id: ajiss-23
      author: ojsadmin
       title: American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 30 Winter 2013 Number 1
        date: 2017.0
       words: 14765
      flesch: 49
     summary: According to da Costa, the unacceptability of abuse (similarly defined) from both the perspective of secular human rights and the Shari‘ah, is an ar- gument for looking to the wider interconnections demanded by habitus: the relationship among law, orientation, texture, and ontology. While it commends the bill’s aims in seeking to alleviate the plight of Muslim divorcées and widows, it is concerned that assimilating Islamic laws into a secular constitution would “distort or even replace the Divine Law of Islam.”
    keywords: ajiss301; amss; asad; bill; debate; editor; god; human; islamic; journal; latest_ajiss; law; marriages; mmb; muslim; page; rights; sciences; secular; shari‘ah; social; south; state; thought
       cache: ajiss-23.pdf
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        item: #1152 of 2426
          id: ajiss-230
      author: Delgado, Jibreel
       title: Religions, Lifeways, Same Difference: Defining Dīn in the US, the Middle East, and South Asia
        date: 2016.0
       words: 10663
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the latter Draz includes those of Descartes and Henri Bergson as well as what he refers to as the “school/doctrine of revelation” (al-madhhab al-ta‘līmi He cites several other verses that, according to him, use dīn in its com- prehensive sense as a complete way of life (niẓām al-ḥayāt al-kāmil al-shāmil) doctrinally (‘aqadīyah), intellectually (fikrīyah), morally (khuluqīyah), and 8 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
    keywords: ajiss33; american; behavior; culture; draz; dīn; freedom; hamidullah; ibid; islamic; life; meaning; muhammad; muslim; page; practices; public; religion; riesebrodt; shakir; way
       cache: ajiss-230.pdf
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        item: #1153 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2300
      author: Khan, Mohammed A. Muqtedar
       title: The Philosophical Foundations of Islamic Political Economy
        date: 1996.0
       words: 5389
      flesch: 53
     summary: The former effort is best represented by Naqvi, who draws a parallel between Islamic economic principles and the theory of perfect competi- tion. Unfortunately, Ibn Khal- diin's work was not taken up and developed by other Muslim scholars for nearly five centuries-a tragedy that has contributed significantly to the stunted development of Islamic political economic thought.
    keywords: development; economics; economy; god; islamic; mannan; muslim; principles; qur’an; social; society; state; work
       cache: ajiss-2300.pdf
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        item: #1154 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2301
      author: Dadoo, Yousuf
       title: The Nature and Structure of the Islamic World: Ralph Braibanti. Chicago: International Strategy and Policy Institute, 1995, 108 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2133
      flesch: 51
     summary: After a brief examination of the negative impact of dominant culture on minority Muslims, Braibanti shifts his attention to non-Muslim minorities in Muslim countries. Within Muslim countries, assistance is often given by Westem countries to local unpopular regimes intent upon repressing the legitimate aspirations of the country’s citizens.
    keywords: author; braibanti; countries; islamic; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-2301.pdf
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        item: #1155 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2302
      author: Irfani, Suroosh
       title: Double Betrayal: Repression and Insurgency in Kashmir Paula R. Newberg. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995, 77 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1611
      flesch: 52
     summary: Unlike India, new thinking on Kashmir in Pakistan reflects a South Asian reality in which the nuclear capabilities of the two major powers have rendered the “heroic” decisiveness of yet another Indo-Pakistani war on Kashmir redundant. As a result, over six hundred thousand Indian security forces deployed in Kashmir “are being used as instruments of terror”:(p. 29) as well as “a weapon to close Indian human rights violations run as a red thread through Newberg’s study.
    keywords: india; kashmir; newberg; pakistan
       cache: ajiss-2302.pdf
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        item: #1156 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2303
      author: Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh
       title: Islamic Society in Practice: Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1994, 201 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 922
      flesch: 48
     summary: She also documents facts about the strides that Muslim women have been making that never make it to the headlines: For instance, many major universities in the Middle East, such as Cairo University, have about 50 percent female students, and until recently, there was a greater proportion of female medical doctors and engineers in Arab Muslim societies than in the West. She gives a very intimate picture of the ethos of Muslim societies and pays special atten­ tion to the structure of the extended Muslim family and the status of women in Islamic societies.
    keywords: islam; muslim
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        item: #1157 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2304
      author: Saleh, Mohsen
       title: Islam and Israel: Muslim Endowments and the Jewish State Michael Dumper. Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1994, 192 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1133
      flesch: 56
     summary: This new law was part of a legal network that transferred Palestinian land and Muslim uwqcrfto Israeli Jewish state lands and to lands owned by the Jewish National Fund. Thus, although Muslims continued to manage the waqf system, Israeli interventions and restrictions undermined the authority of waqf administration and enabled Israel to acquire several waqf lands and properties.
    keywords: israel; muslim; waqf
       cache: ajiss-2304.pdf
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        item: #1158 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2305
      author: al-Ahsan, Abdullah
       title: The Failure of Political Islam: Olivier Roy Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994, xi + 238 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1820
      flesch: 47
     summary: His assur- ance to those who take the “Islamic threat” seriously is that the nation-state framework continues (and perhaps will continue) to be the determining fac- tor because “the UN has globalized Muslim states.” Muslim societies have failed to integrate the new lower- middle class graduates of the mass educational system with a differentiat- ed trade or professional status.
    keywords: islamic; islamists; muslim; roy; state
       cache: ajiss-2305.pdf
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        item: #1159 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2306
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: An Introduction to Islam: David Waines. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 332.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1601
      flesch: 57
     summary: Book Reviews 417 Book Review An Introduction to Islam David Waines. David Waines, Islamic lecturer at Lancaster University, divides An Introduction to Islam into three parts.
    keywords: author; ibn; introduction; islam; islamic
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        item: #1160 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2307
      author: Khan, Shujaat A.
       title: Fourth IIGS International Conference on the Muslim World: 18-22 December 1995/25-29 Rajab 1416 Al al-Bayt University, Amman, Jordan
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1309
      flesch: 41
     summary: Rasheed Al- Feel discussed Muslim problems in a geographical context and concluded that they could be molved by mobilizing resources and promoting inter- Muslim trade. This four-day conference brought together a distinguished international gathering of geographers and social scientists to discuss issues of concern to Muslim countries.
    keywords: conference; islamic; jordan; session
       cache: ajiss-2307.pdf
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        item: #1161 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2308
      author: Kucukcan, Talip
       title: Nationalism and Religion: 22 March 1996/2 Dhu al Qa‘dah 1416 London School of Economics, University of London, London, UK
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2036
      flesch: 41
     summary: What is meant by “religious nationalism,” and how is it related to nation-states, resistance, and violence? The last paper of the conference, Liah Greenfeld’s (Boston University, USA) “Nationalist Religions, Religious Nationalisms and the Aspiration of Modernity,” argued that “religious nationalism is one of the methods in which religion is harnessed to nationalist political interests.
    keywords: london; nationalism; religion; state; university
       cache: ajiss-2308.pdf
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        item: #1162 of 2426
          id: ajiss-231
      author: Hamid, Eltigani Abdelgadir
       title: The Politics of the Two Qiblahs and the Emergence of an Alternative Islamic Monotheism
        date: 2016.0
       words: 11865
      flesch: 63
     summary: Its dominant themes are clearly ex- pressed in the opening verses, which reveal the Prophet’s unobserved night journey from Makkah’s Sacred Mosque (al-Masjid al-Haram) to its Jerusalem counterpart: the Farthest Mosque (al-Masjid al-Aqsa). Standing up at the Maqam, Ibn Mas‘ud began reciting “In the name of God, al-Raḥmān,‘alam al-Qur’ān,” raising his voice with that.
    keywords: ajiss33; dar; dar al; direction; ibn; ibn al; islamic; jerusalem; ka‘bah; madinah; makkah; muhammad; page; prophet; qiblah; qur’an; verses
       cache: ajiss-231.pdf
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        item: #1163 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2311
      author: Aziz, Ahmad Khalil
       title: Islamic Resurgence in South Africa: A Historical Survey
        date: 1996.0
       words: 3718
      flesch: 55
     summary: Muslim Establishments Several Muslim establishments in South Africa cater to the general needs of Muslims, and others cater to more specific needs. Field Report Islamic Resurgence in South Africa: A Historical Survey Ahmad Khalil Aziz The contemporary Islamic resurgence and spirit of pan-lslamism that are being experienced today throughout the world did not come about overnight.
    keywords: africa; cape; company; dutch; east; education; india; islamic; muslim; natal; south; women
       cache: ajiss-2311.pdf
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        item: #1164 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2312
      author: Sonn, Tamara
       title: Political Authority in Classical Islamic Thought
        date: 1996.0
       words: 8720
      flesch: 59
     summary: This would become the defining paradigm of Islamic political thought: Islamic law is the ultimate source of political authority. The ideal Islamic state is one governed by individuals or bodies bound by Islamic law.’
    keywords: authority; caliph; community; god; government; ibn; islamic; law; muslim; people; prophet; qur’an; scholars; social; taymiyah; theory; thought
       cache: ajiss-2312.pdf
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        item: #1165 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2313
      author: Mansur, Salim
       title: Constitutionalism and Ethnic Conflict: The Case of Pakistan
        date: 1996.0
       words: 14333
      flesch: 47
     summary: In terms of population, the province of East Bengal, renamed East Pakistan, constituted more than half of Pakistan but, at the time of partition, had less than 1 percent of representation in what became the Pakistan army.” The One Unit scheme of 1955, which was introduced by the gov- emor-general to amalgamate the four westem provinces into one political and administrative wing and place East and West Pakistan on an equal basis of representation, was designed to deny East Pakistan its majority popula- tion status.
    keywords: authority; ayub; bhutto; conflict; constitution; constitutionalism; country; democracy; government; india; islamic; khan; majority; military; muslim; national; new; order; pakistan; politics; power; press; process; society; state; system; university
       cache: ajiss-2313.pdf
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        item: #1166 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2314
      author: Waghid, Yusuf
       title: In Search of a Boundless Ocean and New Skies: Human Creativity is a Matter of A‘mal, Jihad, and Ijtihad
        date: 1996.0
       words: 5345
      flesch: 71
     summary: Hence, desirous human actions include creative human practices in the pursuit of truth, jus- tice, and creativity. In this way, I hope to establish further the link between creative human practices, truth, and justice.
    keywords: actions; creativity; god; human; ijtihad; jihad; knowledge; practices; qur’an; truth
       cache: ajiss-2314.pdf
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        item: #1167 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2315
      author: Choudhury, Masudul Alam
       title: Toward Islamic Political Economy at the Turn of the Century
        date: 1996.0
       words: 6693
      flesch: 39
     summary: The subject of the theory of Islamic political economy is developed at length in M. A. Choudhury, The Principles of Islamic Political Economy: A Methodological Enquiry (London, UK: Then, we will bring out the framework of a theory of Islamic political economy premised on unifi- cation epistemology.
    keywords: change; choudhury; development; economy; epistemology; grass; human; islamic; knowledge; manpower; market; muslim; order; process; roots; social
       cache: ajiss-2315.pdf
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        item: #1168 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2316
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: Editorial
        date: 1996.0
       words: 947
      flesch: 40
     summary: Abdul Majid al Najjar’s “Classification of Sciences in Islamic Thought: Between Imitation and Originality” (vol. 13, Spring 1996, pp. The other three studies in this issue focus on some important aspects of modem Islamic intellectual preoccupations.
    keywords: islamic; issue; life; west
       cache: ajiss-2316.pdf
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        item: #1169 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2317
      author: Mazrui, Ali A.
       title: Islam in a More Conservative Western World
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1739
      flesch: 54
     summary: , But even with the immigrant half of the Muslim population of the United States, they are operating in a country of immigrants anyhow, unlike immigrant Muslims in France, Britain, and Germany. This creates a situation that is different from that of Europe, for it is becoming increasingly difficult to consider American Muslims as “foreign.
    keywords: american; islam; muslims; states; united
       cache: ajiss-2317.pdf
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        item: #1170 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2318
      author: Abdul Murad, M. Hazim Shah ibn 
       title: Islam and Contemporary Western Thought: Islam and Postmodernism
        date: 1996.0
       words: 5320
      flesch: 51
     summary: For Muslims, however, the choice need not be one or the other, for their pursuit of material power could be conducted legiti- mately within their own local religious paradigm, namely, one that has been Abdul Murad: Islam and Contemporary Western Thought 255 set by “High Islam.” High Islam, a pre-seventeenth-century phenomenon, had not yet witnessed the social entrenchment of scientific paradigms through technological and economic practice.
    keywords: ahmed; contemporary; gellner; islam; islamic; muslims; position; postmodemism; social; thought; west; western
       cache: ajiss-2318.pdf
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        item: #1171 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2319
      author: Smith, Charles D.
       title: Intellectual Origins of Islamic Resurgence in the Modern Arab World: Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi‘. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996, xii + 370 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2119
      flesch: 46
     summary: Abu-Rabi’ stresses Q q W s commitment to ijtihad as the basis of a “dynamicfiqh,” using the bases of Islamic thought and belief to both reject constructs based on Islamic philosophy and those reflecting western intel- lectual models; Islam should rely on what Abu-Rabi’ calls a new theology that has major ideological implications for Islamic society. Influenced by Foucault, he argues that the question of epistemo- logical acts and thresholds, of conceptual ruptures in the development of ideas, must be countered by the reality of continuities in Islamic thought, by the fact of an ongoing Islamic discourse whose exposition may change according to historical circumstances but whose essence and focus of con- cern remain constant (pp. 5-6).
    keywords: abu; book; islamic; qu.tb; rabi; thought
       cache: ajiss-2319.pdf
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        item: #1172 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2320
      author: Sullivan, Anthony T.
       title: The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain's Relinquishment of Power in Her Last Three Arab Dependencies by Glen Balfour-Paul. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xxiii + 198 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1892
      flesch: 50
     summary: In Balfour-Paul‘s opinion, British accomplishments in the Gulf were perhaps less impressive than in Sudan but certainly more so than in South Arabia. Such putative services rendered to the Arab Gulf sheikdoms may explain partially why, in 1968, two of the Arab rulers offered personally to pay to keep British forces in the Gulf if only the British would reverse their decision to withdraw.
    keywords: arab; balfour; british; gulf; sudan
       cache: ajiss-2320.pdf
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        item: #1173 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2321
      author: Carapico, Sheila
       title: Private Voluntary Organizations in Egypt: Islamic Development, Private Initiative, and State Control Denis J. Sullivan. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1994.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 920
      flesch: 31
     summary: The second group of studies is inspired partly by these concerns over the radicalization of Islamist associations. Over the past five years or so, the considerable western interest in the role played by nongovernmental voluntary associations in Egypt has been reflected in a growing English-language literature on the subject.
    keywords: associations; community; ngos
       cache: ajiss-2321.pdf
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        item: #1174 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2322
      author: Ahrari, M. Ehsan
       title: The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism? By Ahmad Rashid. London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1994.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2022
      flesch: 60
     summary: Russian domination of Muslim Central Asia was carried out by mass deportation of local ethnic groups, pursuing policies strengthening monop- olistic Russian control over Central Asian economies and making sure that “Central Asia would continue to provide the lumpen manpower for the Soviet economy and military, but little of the brain“ (p. 56). While Russia and the West are trying to pull Central Asia away from the Islamic world, its Muslim neighbors are determined to build a greater economic and political consensus with the Central Asian states.
    keywords: asia; central; rashid; russia
       cache: ajiss-2322.pdf
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        item: #1175 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2323
      author: El-Affendi, Abdelwahab
       title: Media in the Middle East: A Comprehensive Handbook Yahya R. Kamalipour and Hamid Mowlana, eds. Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1994, 333 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1621
      flesch: 61
     summary: Such new technologies like satellite transmission are making the task of media control more difficult, but the governments are adapting fast. For example, one is told very innocently that “mass media in the UAE follows a dualistic s t r u c c u ~ wherein print media are privately owned, and electronic media, including the official news agency, Emirates News Agency (WAM) are government owned.”
    keywords: book; east; mass; media; middle
       cache: ajiss-2323.pdf
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        item: #1176 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2324
      author: Karbal, Mohamed
       title: World Orders, Old and New: By Noam Chomsky. Boulder, CO: Pluto Press, 1994, pp. 272
        date: 1996.0
       words: 2028
      flesch: 61
     summary: Chomsky argues that rich men have ambitions and they always look for new ways to dominate others. The cold war has also helped the United States to continue its old concurring policies by choosing a new enemy to replace the Soviets.
    keywords: american; chomsky; cold; order; war; world
       cache: ajiss-2324.pdf
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        item: #1177 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2325
      author: Nadeem, Khurshid Ahmad
       title: Workshop on Medical Ethics: 28-30 June 1995/29 Muharram-1 Safar 1416 International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
        date: 1996.0
       words: 896
      flesch: 52
     summary: In general, partici­ pants were inclined to support his viewpoint and extend the lawfulness of transplantation to other human organs. Many medical doctors, lawyers, and-scholars of Islamic studies met at the International Islamic University, Islamabad, to discuss these matters.
    keywords: death; islamic; medical
       cache: ajiss-2325.pdf
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        item: #1178 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2326
      author: Nadeem, Khurshid Ahmad
       title: The Role of Muslim Psychologists in the New Paradigm of Human Development: 5-7 April 1995 15-7 Dhl al Qa‘dah 1415 Lahore, Pakistan
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1067
      flesch: 52
     summary: Among the society’s objectives are: to promote the cause of Muslim psychology as a basic as well as an applied science, and of Muslim psychologists as academicians and professionals working for the welfare of the individual and the society; to explore ways and means of improving the quality of training, research, and professional competence of Muslim psy- chologists; and to apply the teachings of the Qur’an and hadith and the interpretations of eminent Muslims thinkers in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of those who need psychological care. In view of the ram- pant moral corruption in Muslim societies, the conference recommended the implementation of the Qur’anic theory of moral development.
    keywords: development; muslims; pakistan; psychology
       cache: ajiss-2326.pdf
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        item: #1179 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2328
      author: Butterworth, Charles E.
       title: On Others as Evil: Toward a Truly Comparative Politics
        date: 1996.0
       words: 4466
      flesch: 69
     summary: The gods who govern this world are not necessarily well-disposed toward human beings, however much mortals try to please and placate them. Either because one god takes a liking to some group of human beings and persuades the father of the gods, Zeus, to beliiend this group, even at the expense of another, or because a group of human beings offends an ally of one of the gods who seeks to have them punished, or for reasons not always clear, humans suf- fer.
    keywords: beings; camus; gods; homer; human; justice; new; odysseus; way; world
       cache: ajiss-2328.pdf
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        item: #1180 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2329
      author: al ‘Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Testimony of Women in Islamic Law
        date: 1996.0
       words: 12087
      flesch: 61
     summary: See the introduction written by 22hid al Kawthafi on Zayla’i, Nu& a1 R w h (India: al Majlis al ‘Ilmi, 1936). In fact, their work was corrected by many of the great scholars of hadith, among them Abii &‘iid al Dimasha, Abii ‘Ali al Jiyihii al Ghas- &ii, and Abii al @van al Darqu.tu~ii, who found two hundxed hadiths in al BukhWs and Muslim’s collections that did not measure up to the criteria for authenticity set by these two collectors themselves.
    keywords: criteria; equality; god; hadith; ibn; islamic; man; muslim; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; scholars; social; society; sunnah; testimony; verse; way; women
       cache: ajiss-2329.pdf
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        item: #1181 of 2426
          id: ajiss-233
      author: Yusuf, AbdulHameed Badmas
       title: On the Limitation and Openendedness of the Shari‘ah’s Necessary Universals: A Perspective
        date: 2016.0
       words: 8109
      flesch: 51
     summary: See al-Raysuni, Naẓarīyat al-Maqāṣid ‘inda al-Imām al-Shāṭibī, 4th ed. Amin Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad al-Sadiq al-‘Abidi (Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Arabi, 1419/1999), 4:194. 49.
    keywords: humanity; ibn; intellect; islamic; life; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; preservation; progeny; religion; shari‘ah; universals; values
       cache: ajiss-233.pdf
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        item: #1182 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2330
      author: Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
       title: Islamic Commercial Law: An Analysis of Futures
        date: 1996.0
       words: 8600
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is also said that futures sales consist merely of an exchange of promises made for the sole purpose of speculative profit making. However, if the seller does not own the item, its ownership cannot be transferred Third, it is said that futures sales fall short of meeting the requirements of qw, or taking possession of the item prior to resale.
    keywords: buyer; commodity; contract; delivery; futures; futures trading; goods; hadith; ibn; islamic; market; person; possession; price; sale; seller; taking; time; trading
       cache: ajiss-2330.pdf
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        item: #1183 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2332
      author: Pervez, Saulat
       title: Muslim Intellectual History: A Survey
        date: 2023.0
       words: 26387
      flesch: 48
     summary: He taught Muhammad ibn Sirin (d. 110), Hafsa bint Sirin (d. ca. 100), and al-Hasan al-Basri (d. 110). For example, Sufyan al-Thawri had been educated in Kufa but adopted the exegetical approach of Ibn ‘Abbas.122 Likewise, al-Hasan al-Basri was influenced by the Madinan Saʿid ibn al- Musayyib.123
    keywords: brown; century; e r; early; f o; ghazali; god; hadith; history; ibid; ibn; ibn al; ibn taymiyya; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; law; m e; muhammad; muslim; n j; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; r n; reason; revelation; scholars; schools; shafiʿi; students; sufi; tafsir; taymiyya; theology; time; tradition; u r; women
       cache: ajiss-2332.pdf
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        item: #1184 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2333
      author: Coury, Ralph
       title: A Neoimperial Discourse on the Middle East
        date: 1996.0
       words: 4565
      flesch: 56
     summary: In A World Outside: The Fiction of Paul Bowles, Richard Patteson recognizes that Bowles’s fiction is heir to the imperialist romance that chronicles the adventures of European explorers who travel into uncharted territory and establish their good influence among dark-skinned natives. Sameofthis mataial will appear in an article entitledPaul Bowles and Chiemtalian, to be published in MirrorsonrhcMag~:CriricalReflectiomonPeulmdJoneBowltsMdOthrrAmrricM Wrirers in Moracco, edited by R. Kevin Lacey and Francis W e (Delmar.
    keywords: american; arab; bowles; culture; islamic; muslim; mustapha; orientalism; paul; work; world
       cache: ajiss-2333.pdf
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        item: #1185 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2334
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: Editorial
        date: 1996.0
       words: 832
      flesch: 42
     summary: Following in the hadition of Marshall G. S. Hodgson, John Obert Voll ventures into the history of Islam as an integral part of world history. But “civilization,” as conceived in most of the studies and analyses of world history, is now a societal lifestyle of the past.
    keywords: islam; west; world
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        item: #1186 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2335
      author: Mutalib, Hussin
       title: Islamic Resurgence and the Twenty-First Century: Redefining Old Agendas in a New Age by Hussin Mutalib 
        date: 1996.0
       words: 4252
      flesch: 48
     summary: Although it may be possible to see, in the next century, the establishment of Islamic states pushing for a form of representative global body to safeguard their interests, the stark realities of the emerg- ing twenty-fist century world-system have to be noted: the salience of the idea of the nation-state (and nationalism), even among Muslim coun- tries; the eagerness of other powers (e.g., the United States and China) to defend and promote their ideologies and values worldwide; the rela- tive economic and military weakness of Muslim countries vis-i-vis oth- ers; and the improbability, if not fallacy, of reintroducing a unified pan- Islamic caliphate system located in a certain state, as was courageously attempted by Rashid Rida upon the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13: 1 Mutalib: lslamic Resurgence and the Twenty-First Century 97 caliphate in Turkey. Despite that, however, many Muslims ironically find it easier to practice their faith in secular states than in states claiming to be governed by the The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13: 1 Mutalib: Islamic Resurgence and the Twenty-First Century 95 Shari‘ah and Islamic modes of behavior.
    keywords: century; challenge; islamic; knowledge; leadership; muslims; new; press; prophet; state; university; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2335.pdf
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        item: #1187 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2337
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Popular Culture in the Muslim World: Past and Present
        date: 1996.0
       words: 4056
      flesch: 47
     summary: Coincidentally, these three books on popular Muslim culture were authored by a Jew, a Christian, and a Muslim, respectively. The Multiple Uses of Popular Culture The vast grey area between these two margins includes umpteen other descriptions of popular culture, such as real “texture of our environment” and “adjustive syndrome,” and Matthew Arnold’s “heedless democratiza- tion.”
    keywords: ahmed; burke; cairo; culture; islamic; middle; muslims; people; shoshan; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2337.pdf
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        item: #1188 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2338
      author: Sodiq, Yushau
       title: Pragmatism in the Age of Jihad: The Precolonial State of Bundu by Michael A. Gomez. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992, 252 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 1789
      flesch: 59
     summary: Although Bundu leaders signed treaties of mutual cooperation with the French and British in good faith, they were ignorant of the hidden agenda of the colonial invaders, whose primary purpose was The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13: 1 Book Reviews 111 to conquer and plunder Africa of its natural resources. Is he praising Bundu leaders despite their corruption and failure on several occasions?
    keywords: bundu; french; gomez; leaders; state
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        item: #1189 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2339
      author: Zuhur, Sherifa
       title: Avenues of Participation: Family, Politics, and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo by Diane Singerman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995, 272 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 345
      flesch: 53
     summary: Her bibliography reflects attention to many relevant studies of Egypt (although not all) and theoretical works on other Third World studies. As she noted in her monograph on social identity (Cairo Papers in Social Science 9:4, 1985), clerks and janitors earn unrecorded tips, and teachers earn tutoring income.
    keywords: cairo; studies
       cache: ajiss-2339.pdf
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        item: #1190 of 2426
          id: ajiss-234
      author: Seif-Amirhosseini, Zahra
       title: The Growing Trend of Homeschooling in the Washington Metropolitan Area Muslim Community
        date: 2016.0
       words: 8034
      flesch: 52
     summary: An estimated 87 percent of all children aged five to seventeen were enrolled in public schools, and their average school attendance was 162 days per year.18 By the mid-1960s, however, growing disenchantment with the ongoing sec- ularization of public education, deepening concern about trends in American culture related to drugs, sex, and disorder; a resurgent evangelical faith ... sparked the phenomenal increase in the number of Christian day schools.19 This movement was the forerunner to the homeschooling one that ex- ploded in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. The growth in homeschooling poses a fundamental challenge to the cen- turies-long scheme of American public education.
    keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; american; children; curriculum; education; homeschoolers; homeschooling; muslim; parents; public; reasons; research; schools; social
       cache: ajiss-234.pdf
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        item: #1191 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2340
      author: Taher, Mohamed
       title: Sharia: Its Substance and Significance By Muhammad Abdur-Rahim Dalvi. 1994, 280 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 449
      flesch: 53
     summary: He has done the job very well and has highlighted the contributions of Imam Shafi'i, which have remained concealed in the dormitories of a few academics or with scholars who kept it to themselves, for all those who had no access to primary materials or who are new to the study and research in the field of Islamic law and others. Readers should not view it as an attempt to undermine other schools of law or as an attempt to reject the other views of Islamic jurispurdence.
    keywords: book; law
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        item: #1192 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2341
      author: Atallah, Amjad
       title: Ethical Theories in Islam : By Majid Fakhry. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991, 230 pp.
        date: 1996.0
       words: 399
      flesch: 48
     summary: However, the depth of discussion of Muslim views during a time of great intellectual ferment begs the question, why then as opposed to now? Yet, despite the security thus afforded, there was great political ferment as first the Umayyads and then the 'Abbasids faced the discontent of dispossessed Muslims.
    keywords: fakhry; muslims
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        item: #1193 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2342
      author: Lowrie, Arthur L.
       title: Assassination in Khartoum: By David A. Korn. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993, 296 pp. 
        date: 1996.0
       words: 87
      flesch: 58
     summary: 120 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 13:1 · Book Review Assassination in Khartoum By David A. Korn. Although from very different back­ grounds, hard work had brought them close to the pinnacle of the service.
    keywords: service
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        item: #1194 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2343
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Promises of the Modern Scientific Search for Human Nature's Multifaceted Soul
        date: 1996.0
       words: 387
      flesch: 44
     summary: Research Note Promises of the Modern Scientific Search for Human Nature's Multifaceted Soul Mahmoud Dhaouadi Since time immemorial, hwnan beings have sought to understand the essence of human nature. As modem knowledge and science are far from hav­ ing the last word in this domain, the perplexity of human nature continues to engage the attention of philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, and sci­ entists.
    keywords: nature
       cache: ajiss-2343.pdf
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        item: #1195 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2344
      author: Nadeem, Khurshid Ahmad
       title: Science in the Islamic Polity in the Twenty-First Century: 25-29 Shawwal 1415/26-30 March 1995 Islamabad, Pakistan
        date: 1996.0
       words: 380
      flesch: 41
     summary: The theoretical papers focused on such questions as the nature and sig­ nificance of science, the concept of Islamic science, and Islamic epistemol­ ogy. As modem science is based on western values and the priority given to scientific investigation is determined by western requirements, science must be indigenized.
    keywords: islamic; science
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        item: #1196 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2347
      author: Voll, John Obert
       title: The Mistaken Identification of “The West” with “Modernity”
        date: 1996.0
       words: 5806
      flesch: 46
     summary: Understanding the difficulties raised by the identification of the West with modernity involves a broader analysis within the framework of world history and global historical perspectives. However, it is my hope that the broader effect of restating world history will not be lost sight of in the specifics of def- initions.
    keywords: civilization; history; islam; islamic; life; modem; modernity; new; west; western; world; world history
       cache: ajiss-2347.pdf
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        item: #1197 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2348
      author: Irfani, Suroosh
       title: New Discourses and Modernity in Postrevolutionary Iran
        date: 1996.0
       words: 7420
      flesch: 49
     summary: According to him, fiction, art, and literature in postrevolutionary Iran are not necessarily a means of propaganda and “reflect a creative efferves- cence, born of immersion in present realities,”’* an “effervescence” that accounts for the cultural vitality discussed above and also underlined by recent studies of postrevolutionary Iran. This need for coherence by a critical, self-interpreting, and historically aware readership seems to be an important factor underlying the vitality, at the level of the literate intellectual culture, of postrevolutionary Iran.
    keywords: culture; dictionaries; dictionary; discourse; experience; farhang; ibid; iran; iranian; islamic; language; modernity; new; past; persian; postrevolutionary; publications; research; social; tehran; terms; works
       cache: ajiss-2348.pdf
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        item: #1198 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2349
      author: Mazaffar, Chandra
       title: Accommodation and Acceptance of Non-Muslim Communities within the Malaysian Political System: The Role of Islam
        date: 1996.0
       words: 6429
      flesch: 55
     summary: Of the groups involved in the Malay nationalist movement, it was this elite that had the greatest exposure to non-Malay communities. Although it did not see itself as an Islamic party 32 and clothed its aspirations in nationalist garb, its underlying concern was the same as PAS’S: the accommodation of non-Malay communities through liberal citizenship laws threatened to make Malays a “back num- ber” in their own country?
    keywords: accommodation; chinese; citizenship; communities; community; islam; islamic; leadership; malay; muslim; non; pas; social; society; umno
       cache: ajiss-2349.pdf
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        item: #1199 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2350
      author: Elmessiri, Abdelwahab M.
       title: Parables of Freedom and Necessity: The Rising Levels of Secularization as Manifested in Two Literary Works
        date: 1996.0
       words: 6765
      flesch: 55
     summary: With this simplification of human nature and its reduction to the level of nature-matter, the world is caught in the web of materialistic hard causality and determinism, of cause inexorably and unambiguously lead- But this is the strength of someone who has shed off hisher humanness completely, who has failed to rise to the level of human laws and instead has become a natural, material, nonhuman individual who has submitted to Darwin’s iron laws of natural and physical necessity.
    keywords: freedom; human; humanity; laws; love; matter; merchant; nature; necessity; power; rule; self; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2350.pdf
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        item: #1200 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2353
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: Editorial
        date: 1995.0
       words: 816
      flesch: 41
     summary: a view that lies at the heart of Islamic debate on secuhtyrn. The discussion of Hay Basson and Zein Cajee, “Designing the Islamic Component of a Proposed World Religion Curriculum for South African State Schools,” is very pertinent to understanding the development of con- temporary minority Islamic societies and ideas within a larger non-Islamic social context.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-2353.pdf
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        item: #1201 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2354
      author: Hofmann, Murad Wilfried
       title: Why Muhammad?
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1915
      flesch: 53
     summary: Both Roman law (corpusjuris civilis) and Christian dogma had been codified, the former in 534 C.E. As regards the latter, the first ecumenical Council of Nicea (432 c.E.) adopted the Nicene creed, according to which the nature of Jesus (engendered and not created) was defined as being cosubstantial with God-Father: “true man and true God.” On the contrary, the Church had to face even more extreme Christological theories, such as those of the Nestorians, who accorded Jesus only one divine nature.
    keywords: christian; god; jesus; qur’an; world
       cache: ajiss-2354.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2354.txt

        item: #1202 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2355
      author: al Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Some Remarks on the Islamic and the Secular Paradigms of Knowledge
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2394
      flesch: 45
     summary: In addition, tawhid and the acceptance of the divine as a source of knowledge prevent Muslims from placing undue dependence upon the self (with its vain and overweening ten- dencies) and from seeking to hide knowledge from others. The Islamization of knowledge undertaking seeks to develop an Islamic paradigm of knowledge that will serve as an alternative to the secular positivist paradigm that presently dominates the arts and sci- ences.
    keywords: god; humanity; islamic; knowledge; life; paradigm
       cache: ajiss-2355.pdf
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        item: #1203 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2356
      author: Manzoor, Parvez
       title: Desacralizing Secularism
        date: 1995.0
       words: 7056
      flesch: 47
     summary: For him, the eclipse of religion entails p-minently a crisis of political theory and a loss of authority. Only the church’s attempt to subordinate supreme political power to its own authority, its scrambling for the riches of this world as it were, can be held responsible for the virulence of the antireligious sentiment that characterized the Enlightenment.
    keywords: authority; church; faith; god; history; modem; muslim; politics; power; religion; secularism; secularization; social; state; theory; world
       cache: ajiss-2356.pdf
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        item: #1204 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2357
      author: Alhroub, Khaled
       title: Al Hurriyat al 'Ammah fi al Dawlah al Islamiyah: By Rashed Ghannoushi. Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al Wahdah al 'Arab'iyah, 1993, 382 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2042
      flesch: 54
     summary: These two broad concepts are capable of adopting any modem method, because, as Ghannoushi states, Islam accepts new methodologies as long as they help people express their will, especially in struggling against despotism. If they do not choose the Islamic party, this means, as Ghannoushi states, that there is something wrong in that party-not Islam.
    keywords: freedom; ghannoushi; islamic; state
       cache: ajiss-2357.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2357.txt

        item: #1205 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2358
      author: Koshul, Basit B.
       title: Western Domination and Political Islam: Challenge and Response by Khalid Bin Sayeed. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995, 197 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 911
      flesch: 51
     summary: Questions of this nature are being asked Book Reviews 565 increasingly in Muslim circles, and some possible answers have been offered. As a result, Muslim intellectuals have started to ask Why?
    keywords: challenge; muslim; sayeed
       cache: ajiss-2358.pdf
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        item: #1206 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2359
      author: Priess, David
       title: Rethinking Middle East Politics: By Simon Bromley. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1994, 203 + viii pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 977
      flesch: 43
     summary: Despite these relatively mild shortcomings, Rethinking Middle East Politics as a whole provides a compelling and often provoca­ tive description of the Janus-faced nature of Middle East state formation and political development. Simon Bromley's most recent book, Rethinking Middle East Politics, is an ambitious work that is more successful than most earlier endeavors at meeting this dual challenge.
    keywords: bromley; east; middle
       cache: ajiss-2359.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2359.txt

        item: #1207 of 2426
          id: ajiss-236
      author: Reda, Amir Abdul
       title: Framing Political Islam: Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood and the 2011 Uprising
        date: 2016.0
       words: 9074
      flesch: 41
     summary: Framing Political Islam: Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood and the 2011 Uprising Amir Abdul Reda Abstract What aspects of the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood’s (a.k.a. the Ikhwan) cultural/ideological framing contributed to its failure to gather opponents of the Assad regime around its leadership dur- ing the 2011uprising? Only in 2011 did the Brotherhood re-adopt an op- positional stance when a concrete opportunity to do so arose.15 Political opportunity structures focus on the openings and constraints of the social context in which the social movement evolves as exogenous actors Reda: Framing Political Islam 3 both impose limitations and open opportunities for empowerment, regardless of the existing resources or discontent.16
    keywords: assad; brotherhood; framing; islamic; islamist; khatib; leadership; lefevre; movement; muslim; new; opposition; regime; social; state; syria; uprising
       cache: ajiss-236.pdf
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        item: #1208 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2360
      author: Aminrazavi, Mehdi
       title: Early Philosophical Shi'ism: The Isma'ili Neoplatonism of Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani By Paul E. Walker. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 203 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1583
      flesch: 55
     summary: Chapter one, which fol­ lows a brief preface that presents some general remarks about al Sijistan1 and the book's structure discusses The Isma1n Message and It Philosophers. of reason, rationality, authority, and philosophy according to al Sijistan1, whose adoption of neoplatonic philosophy allowed him to defend his theological positions.
    keywords: author; chapter; soul; walker
       cache: ajiss-2360.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2360.txt

        item: #1209 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2361
      author: Horvath, John
       title: The Plight of Islam in Europe
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2064
      flesch: 55
     summary: Cold war ideology, best described as “a perpetual war for perpetual peace,” has left an unexpected vacuum in world politics. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12:4 A New Paradigm Apart from the West’s basic misunderstanding and ignorance of Islam, the idea of international affairs as nothing more than titanic clashes of global dimensions between power blocs shows how the western world has not yet healed itself from the scars of the Second World War-a war caused, ironically, by western civilization.
    keywords: cold; europe; islam; war; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2361.pdf
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        item: #1210 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2362
      author: Juraev, Farkhad S.
       title: Central Asia Reader: The Rediscovery of History H.B. Paksoy, ed. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994. 206 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1926
      flesch: 49
     summary: Therefore, the chapter’s chronology of the history of Turkic nations in Central Asia does not correspond to the facts, nor does it attempt to identify Turans with Turkic on the basis of the Shah-nama. Arguing that the political history of the Turkic nations extends backwards for more than two thousand years (p. 4), Malikov calls for the right of Turkic peoples to seek unification without fear of being charged with advocating “Pan-Turkism” (p. 6).
    keywords: asia; book; central; history; soviet; turkic
       cache: ajiss-2362.pdf
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        item: #1211 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2363
      author: Khan, Shujaat A.
       title: Islamic Banking in Pakistan: The Future Path by Muhammad Akram Khan. Lahore: All Pakistan Islamic Education Congress, I994,94 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1005
      flesch: 46
     summary: He points out that the Council of Islamic Ideology, a constitutional body consisting of scholars of all shades and schools of thought, categorically prohibited interest (rihii) in all of its various forms. However, no sincere effort was ever made by the gov- ernment to eliminate interest and to build an interest-free economy.
    keywords: chapter; interest; islamic; pakistan
       cache: ajiss-2363.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2363.txt

        item: #1212 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2364
      author: Ceylan, Yasin
       title: Al Ghazali between Philosophy and Sufism
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2894
      flesch: 55
     summary: His rejection of philosophy and his status as the author of such philosophical works as The Intentions of the Philosophers and The Inconsistency of the Philosophers, which rank high in the Islamic version of Peripatetic philosophy, are mile- stones. To illustrate the two negative aspects of Peripatetic philosophy, the fol- lowing examples can be given.
    keywords: beliefs; philosophers; philosophy; reason; thought
       cache: ajiss-2364.pdf
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        item: #1213 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2365
      author: Mattson, Ingrid
       title: United Nations Commission on the Status of Women: Shawwal 13- Dhu al Qa'dah 1415/ March 15-April 4, 1995 New York City, New York
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1979
      flesch: 52
     summary: In general, however, it is believed that in the intervening ten years the situation for women world- wide has become worse instead of better. The G77 tried to stress at every opportunity the harmful effects of many macroeconomic policies on their economies in general and on women in particular.
    keywords: muslim; nations; united; women; world
       cache: ajiss-2365.pdf
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        item: #1214 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2366
      author: Hirschkind, Charles
       title: Heresy or Hermeneutics: The Case of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd
        date: 1995.0
       words: 6942
      flesch: 44
     summary: Indeed, once one has learned to differ- entiate properly the metaphysical text from the real historical one and to exclude the former as a suitable object of knowledge, it becomes possible to analyze the Qur’an as one would any other “sign system,” be it poetry, behavior patterns, or even “fashion trends,” as Abu Zayd suggests provocative1 y. l’ Abu Zayd identifies his own work as an attempt to establish an “objective” (mwdfi‘l), “scientific” (‘ilml) framework for the analysis and interpretation (tufslzr) of religious texts, a goal that evaded those Islamic thinkers who preceded him, as they failed to address adequately the his- torical dimension of their project. Supporters of Abu Zayd quickly brought the case to national attention via the Egyptian press, there- by precipitating a storm of often shrill writing from all sides of the politi- cal spectrum, in both the journalistic and academic media.
    keywords: abu; abu zayd; divine; history; ibid; islamic; modem; past; qur’an; reason; religion; social; text; tradition; work; zayd
       cache: ajiss-2366.pdf
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        item: #1215 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2367
      author: Elwazani, Salim A.
       title: Sacral Qualities of Form in Mosque Architecture: Transformation of the Arts of the Qur’an into the Arts of the Mosque
        date: 1995.0
       words: 8775
      flesch: 55
     summary: & The trend for mosque surface ornamentation in particular, and design elabora- tion in general, continued through the golden era of the succeeding ‘Abbasid era and indeed persisted through time in all parts of the Islamic world. This development, in particular, concerns us here, for it had a direct effect on applying the sacred qualities of the book to the sacred qualities of mosque surfaces.
    keywords: arabic; architecture; arts; calligraphy; cursive; example; form; illumination; inscriptions; islamic; language; mosque; new; ornamentation; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; scripts; surface; surface arts; text
       cache: ajiss-2367.pdf
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        item: #1216 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2368
      author: Saeed, Abdullah
       title: The Moral Context of the Prohibition of Riba in Islam Revisited
        date: 1995.0
       words: 11191
      flesch: 71
     summary: (Cairo: D& al ICitab al 11,. (Cairo: al Maktabat al Tijmyah al Kubra, n.d.), 2: 183-81, 273-78. 63.
    keywords: a.h; basis; context; debt; debtor; god; ibn; increase; islamic; needy; person; prohibition; prophet; qur’an; ribd; rihd; time; verses
       cache: ajiss-2368.pdf
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        item: #1217 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2369
      author: Basson, Ray
       title: Designing the Islamic Component of a Proposed World Religion Curriculum for South African State Schools
        date: 1995.0
       words: 7462
      flesch: 48
     summary: Accordingly, the Muslim community’s present concern is to transmit Islamic ideals as one faith within the country to students of other faiths and to revivify its ideals for Islamic students in a world religion state program. In the first initiative, Muslim parents and workers of the Al-Fajr LEAD Centre, after voicing their concern over student disaf- fection with mainstream Islamic curricula, sought to reconceive these cur- ricula to revivify student interest in the faith.
    keywords: africa; cajee; concepts; content; curriculum; education; experience; faith; identity; islamic; learning; muslim; national; religion; south; students
       cache: ajiss-2369.pdf
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        item: #1218 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2372
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: Editorial
        date: 1995.0
       words: 858
      flesch: 47
     summary: Traditional Islam, or that of the ulama, has been and will always be a strong tributary to con­ temporary Islamic thought and its world vision. More importantly, one can discern eas­ ily in their essays, as well as in that of T. J. al 'Alwan1 (Missing Dimen­ sions in Contemporary Islamic Movements), the evolving convergence of Islamic thought and the study of Islam, as the borders between the two fields are becoming increasingly insignificant.
    keywords: islamic; issue; modem; ulama
       cache: ajiss-2372.pdf
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        item: #1219 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2373
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Missing Dimensions in Contemporary Islamic Movements
        date: 1995.0
       words: 5875
      flesch: 47
     summary: He classified Islamic civilization into Arab, Turkish, and Malay (ignoring Persian, Indian, and other Islamic civilizational areas) and divided west­ ern civilization into European and American. Because contemporary Islamic movements fail to effect change through an Islamic epistemological methodology, they a) resort to the violence of infidelization, b) cling to the letter of the early Islamic historical expe­ rience, c) defer to the metaphysical while neglecting the teachings of Islam related to interaction among the divine, humanity, and the universe, and d) seek to gain power in order to introduce change (by legislating sovereignty to God) through their own curatorship or that of a jurispru~ dent, while trying to appease Him by a cosmetic implementation of the Shari'ah, the penal code, and the ~udud.
    keywords: change; civilization; god; humanity; islamic; movements; order; qur'an; social; ummah; world
       cache: ajiss-2373.pdf
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        item: #1220 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2374
      author: Bouguenaya, Yamina
       title: Materialist Science: The Negative Science
        date: 1995.0
       words: 3522
      flesch: 70
     summary: However, the successes of science and its techno­ logical consequences have made many people, including believers in God, equate knowledge with scientific knowledge. Regardless of the use to which scientific knowledge is put, the cognitive claim is there.
    keywords: cause; god; knowledge; science
       cache: ajiss-2374.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2374.txt

        item: #1221 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2377
      author: Omar, lrfan A.
       title: The Need for a Sacred Science: An Intellectual Defence of the Tradition by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Albany: State University of New York Press, SUNY Series in Religious Studies, 1993.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 3026
      flesch: 62
     summary: However, the major portion of his writings have been permeated with such themes as scientia sacra, perennial phi­ losophy, and the revival of spiritual traditions. Sacred science, on the other hand, corresponds to the Latin scientia sacra and here refers to the application of metaphysical principles to the macrocosm as well as the microcosm, the natural as well as the human worlds (p. 2) in particu­ lar.
    keywords: human; modem; nasr; sacred; science; time; tradition
       cache: ajiss-2377.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2377.txt

        item: #1222 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2378
      author: Wadud-Muhsin, Amina
       title: Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation: By Barbara Freyer Stowasser. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1994, 206 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 900
      flesch: 48
     summary: It takes a book like Barbara Freyer Stowasser's Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation to help extricate the complex images of Muslim women from the gross overgeneralization character­ istic of popular western media. We can understand how complex notions of the place of Muslim women in society have resulted from these various references, even though we get no hint at what that place is from this work.
    keywords: book; islamic; women
       cache: ajiss-2378.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2378.txt

        item: #1223 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2379
      author: Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M.
       title: Fi Masadir al Turath al Siyasi al Islami: By Nasr Muhammad 'Arif (Arabic). Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1994, 237pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1352
      flesch: 32
     summary: In the words of the author, the collective Arab academic mentality, since the middle of the nineteenth century, has mea­ sured itself against the lenses of the [European] other, (p. 72) to the extent that some contemporary Arab philosophers, such as 'Abd al Ra}Jman Badaw1 and Ibrahim Madkiir, who follow in the footsteps of the French orientalist Ernest Renan, consider Islamic political philosophy to be pure­ ly Greek in conception and even evolution; 3) reducing the overall intellectual formation of Islamic political phi­ losophy to the product of a few intellectual giants and thereby neglecting the objective social, political, historical, and epistemological conditions and contexts that might have given rise to a multidimensional Islamic political theory; and finally 4) many modern scholars have never been able to go beyond the lin­ guistic jargon of Islamic political theory, the natural result of which is an absurd neglect of the essential meanings that one might derive from the various Islamic political languages. The author's primary intention is to document and discuss the main sources (i.e., writings) of Islamic political thought from the first centuries to the present.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; thought
       cache: ajiss-2379.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2379.txt

        item: #1224 of 2426
          id: ajiss-238
      author: Zein, Ibrahim M.
       title: Professional Ethics and the Education of Engineers at the International Islamic University Malaysia
        date: 2016.0
       words: 8254
      flesch: 46
     summary: We have the capacity to realize moral values by our acts. In fact, professional values are meant to be a more focused valua- tional discovery.
    keywords: education; engineering; engineers; ethics; human; islamic; professional; realization; set; structure; values; worldview
       cache: ajiss-238.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-238.txt

        item: #1225 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2380
      author: Zuhur, Sherifa
       title: Women and Words in Saudi Arabia: By Saddeka Arebi. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994, 329pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1576
      flesch: 51
     summary: Arebi embarks on cultural analysis via the literary work of nine contemporary Saudi women writers in this thoughtful and provocative discussion of gender and literary production at a significant historical juncture for Saudi women. However, she seems to have backed into asserting a unique and nonfeminist position for Saudi women, using such slogans as quality not equality, although the subjects of her study often write otherwise.
    keywords: arebi; feminism; saudi; women; work
       cache: ajiss-2380.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2380.txt

        item: #1226 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2381
      author: Freij, Hanna Y.
       title: State and Society in Syria and Lebanon: Edited by Youssef M. Choueiri, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993, xviii + 129pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1172
      flesch: 54
     summary: The nation­ alist leadership's (in Damascus) intense identification with Syria (Greater Syria in this case) did not negate its identification with the Arabs in the Hijaz or their identity as Muslims within the Muslim world, of which the Ottoman leadership was a part. In one speech, Fay~al described the aim of the Arab Revolt as being to preserve a portion of the Ottoman Empire and shield it from the fate destined to befall Turkey following the war (p. 5).
    keywords: rafeq; syria
       cache: ajiss-2381.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2381.txt

        item: #1227 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2382
      author: Shaukat, Khalid
       title: New Moon's Visibility and International Islamic Calendar for the American Region 1407H - 1421H: By Mohammad Ilyas. Penang, Malaysia: The International Islamic Calendar Programme, n.d.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2388
      flesch: 58
     summary: The scientific and research work needed for visibility calculations requires the collection of moon-sighting information on a global scale and its subsequent analysis according to the calculable parameters asso­ ciated with the crescent moon that affect visibility. In passing, it may be mentioned that the criterion takes account of Book Reviews such important variables as: moon's distance from the earth; cres­ cent's width and light intensity; brightness of the sky near western horizon at sunset; lunar mountains shadowing effect; atmospheric refraction effect; human eye's role as a detector of contrast.
    keywords: crescent; criterion; earth; islamic; moon; visibility
       cache: ajiss-2382.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2382.txt

        item: #1228 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2383
      author: Khalidi, Omar
       title: Beyond the Khyber Pass: The Road to British Disaster in the First Afghan War by John H. Waller. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990, 329 + xxxiii pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 342
      flesch: 60
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12:2 Book Review Beyond the Khyber Pass: The Road to British Disaster in the First Afghan War By John H. Waller. This thirty-chapter book is the story of the British failure in Afghanistan in the 1840s, as Britain competed with Czarist Russia for strategic advantage in Central Asia.
    keywords: book; british
       cache: ajiss-2383.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2383.txt

        item: #1229 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2384
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: The First Arab-Islamic Conference: 5-7 Jumada al Ula 1415/10-12 October 1994 Beirut, Lebanon
        date: 1995.0
       words: 897
      flesch: 42
     summary: The secularization of Arabism and the rise of Arab nationalists to power in many Arab coun· tries led to frequent and bloody confrontations between the two sides over power and legitimacy of the state. An objective observer could discern easily that, while recognizing Islam as the frame of reference of Arab societies and a clear separation between Arabism and secularism were nonnegotiable points for the Islamists, diehard Arab nationalists of the old generation were still trying to play the game of redefining secularism and socialism.
    keywords: conference; islamic; nationalists
       cache: ajiss-2384.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2384.txt

        item: #1230 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2385
      author: Tayob, Abdulkader I.
       title: The Paradigm of Knowledge of the Modern Islamic Resurgence
        date: 1995.0
       words: 7154
      flesch: 49
     summary: Nevertheless, contrasting Islamic paradigms between the orthodox focus on textual control and the nonscriptural folk Islam of peasants, bedouins, and urban masses are visible. They developed what I prefer to call a mod­ em Islamic paradigm, which I will now outline.
    keywords: history; islamic; islamic paradigm; knowledge; modem; muslim; new; paradigm; power; press; prophet; resurgence; sciences; social; society; traditional; university; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2385.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2385.txt

        item: #1231 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2386
      author: Abdel Rahman, Abdel Rahman Ahmad
       title: An Islamic Perspective on Organizational Motivation
        date: 1995.0
       words: 7441
      flesch: 44
     summary: A more serious criticism is that researchers, after discovering that human factors are important ingredients of employee work motivation, sought to use them in ways designed to manipulate employees to increase their productivity. The first section provides a brief review of some principal models of organizational motivation, the second section presents the alternative Islamic perspective, the third section examines the rela­ tionship between this perspective and the Islamic concept of leadership, and the final section discusses this view's implications for some organiza­ tional structures and practices.
    keywords: behaviors; employee; god; islamic; leader; leadership; motivation; nature; needs; organization; relationship; self; values; work
       cache: ajiss-2386.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2386.txt

        item: #1232 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2388
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Leadership and Subordination: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1995.0
       words: 8836
      flesch: 54
     summary: Good leaders are usu­ ally good communicators who know when to talk and when to listen and who ensure the flow of opinions and information throughout the orga­ nization. Similarly, the Quraysh was a leading tribe and a tribe of leaders both before and after the advent of Islam.
    keywords: abd; followers; goals; good; group; khalid; leadership; members; organization; people; qualities; qur'an; subordinates; task; vision
       cache: ajiss-2388.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2388.txt

        item: #1233 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2389
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: Editorial
        date: 1995.0
       words: 598
      flesch: 43
     summary: Using methods and approaches of psychology, Mohamed pushes Islamic attempts to for- mulate psychological theory one step further. From Reaction to Reform” is an exposition of a very interesting moment in the evolution of Islamic discourse on women, as the hitherto defensive position is graudally assuming a creative and constructive attitude.
    keywords: islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2389.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2389.txt

        item: #1234 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2390
      author: al ‘Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Islamization of Knowledge: Yesterday and Today
        date: 1995.0
       words: 10213
      flesch: 46
     summary: The initial articulation of the Islamization of Knowledge undertaking and the workplan was therefore produced in general terms. To them, the Islamization of Knowledge undertaking reflected an attitude of self-affmation through the attempted characterization of everything of significance as Islamic.
    keywords: humanity; islamic; islamization; knowledge; methodology; qur’an; reading; revelation; sciences; social; society; thought; time; undertaking; way
       cache: ajiss-2390.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2390.txt

        item: #1235 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2391
      author: Mikailu, S. A.
       title: The Islamization of Social Sciences in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2766
      flesch: 44
     summary: Islamization of Social Sciences: The Journey So Far The most significant effort in the Islamization of the social sciences in Nigeria is traceable to the year 1985, when the country convened its first international seminar on Islamic economics, which was organized by the Department of Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The department of economics offers courses on various fields of Islamic economics, such as Islamic banking, development in an Islamic framework, Islamic wel- farism, and the economics of production, distribution, and consumption in Islam.
    keywords: economics; islamic; islamization; knowledge; nigeria; sciences; university
       cache: ajiss-2391.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2391.txt

        item: #1236 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2392
      author: Leonard, Graham
       title: The Rise of Early Modern Science: In China, Islam, and the West By Toby Huff Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, 409 + xiv pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1056
      flesch: 42
     summary: But in addition to schol- ars learning sciences privately-as he acknowledges-sciences, genera- tive thinking processes, and rationalism were included in the curricula of institutions of learning, which were supported by religious foundations, until at least the fourteenth century-over two centuries after the take off of Islamic science effectively became somnolent. The author has shown great courage in undertaking an endeavor that has daunted historians of science, intellectual historians, Islamicists, and Sinologists.
    keywords: china; science; west
       cache: ajiss-2392.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2392.txt

        item: #1237 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2393
      author: El-Affendi, Abdelwahab
       title: The Challenge of Modernity: The Quest for Authenticity in the Arab World Louay M. Safi. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1994, pp. 211.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1447
      flesch: 47
     summary: The question of modernization in the Arab world remains an inex­ haustible subject for debate precisely becau e But he makes no secret of his ideological commitment, based on a conception of modernization as a rationalization process, i.e., an emancipatory project, aiming at eliminating the supersti- 112 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12 1 tious and irrational elements of cuhre.”
    keywords: modernization; safi; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2393.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2393.txt

        item: #1238 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2394
      author: Altalib, Omar
       title: Muslim Communities in North America: Edited by Yvonne Haddad and Jane Smith. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994, 545 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 2250
      flesch: 55
     summary: This book raises many important issues: the role of women in American Muslim communities; efforts to survive in a non-Muslim envi- ronment and to reach out to non-Muslim communities; minority-major- ity relations and the differential access of North American Muslim communities to power, wealth, and prestige; the maintenance of a Muslim identity; assimilation vs. preservation; and the urbanicity of Muslims in the West. After reading the book, one obtains a good sense of the varied history of American Muslim communities.
    keywords: american; book; communities; dar; islamic; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-2394.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2394.txt

        item: #1239 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2395
      author: Ahrari, M. E.
       title: Russia's Muslim Frontiers: New Directions in Cross-Cultural Analysis by Dale F. Eickelman ( ed.), Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993, 244 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 605
      flesch: 55
     summary: For instance, the Qorabashi armed resistance in Muslim Central Asia was labeled the Basmachi (or bandit) move­ ment by the Soviet Union and its scholars. When the former Soviet Union was alive and well, there were Soviet scholars, a rubric that largely included specialists on Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states.
    keywords: muslim; soviet
       cache: ajiss-2395.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2395.txt

        item: #1240 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2396
      author: Jalloh, Alusine
       title: Divine Madness: Mohammed Abdulle Hassan (1856-1920) by Abdi Sheik-Abdi. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1993, 226 pp.
        date: 1995.0
       words: 787
      flesch: 46
     summary: Moreover, he Book Reviews 121 incorporates oral accounts from Somalis to complement his archival and documentary research, a method that enhances the indigenous per- spective on Mohammed Abdulle Hassan and his activities in the Horn of Africa. In recounting the many roles of Mohammed Abdulle Hassan in Somaliland, including those of spiritual leader and poet, Sheik-Abdi pre- sents in great detail the opposing perspectives on the mullah’s personality and his activities by skillfully balancing European accounts with indige- nous sources.
    keywords: abdi; hassan; sheik
       cache: ajiss-2396.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2396.txt

        item: #1241 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2398
      author: Ansari, Zafar I.
       title: Islamic Thought in the South Asian Subcontinent: The Eighteenth Century
        date: 1995.0
       words: 3115
      flesch: 65
     summary: Writings: Fath a1 Rahmdn; a1 Fawz a1 Kabir; Fath a1 Kabir; Mujaffci; Musawwci; Hujjat Allah a1 Balighah; a1 Budiir a1 Bcizighah; Izcilat a1 Khafci; Qurrat a1 ‘Aynayn; a1 Insciffi Sabab a1 Ikhtilcifi ‘Iqd a1 Jid; Tafiimdt-i Ilcihiyah; a1 Khayr a1 Kathir; Fuyiid a1 Haramayn; Anfcis a1 ‘Ar$n, a1 Qawl a1 Jamil; Altdfii Quds; Sata‘cit; Lama‘&; Siiriir a1 Mahziin; a1 Juz’ a1 La.L$ a1 Mundhiri; Mukhtasar a1 Zawcijir ‘an Iqtircif a1 Kabci’ir; Shqh a1 Hikam a1 ‘Ata’iyah; Muqaddimahfi a1 ‘Aqci’id; I r skd a1 Naqqcid ilci Taysir a1 Ij t ikd; Sharh Hikam a1 Haddcidiyah; Riscilah fi Radd-i Bid’at a1 Ta’ziyah; Riscilah fi a1 Nahy ‘an ‘Ishq a1 Mard wa a1 Niswcin; I‘fci’ a1 Lihyah.
    keywords: century; decline; history; islamic; lahore; muslim; period; subcontinent; thought; world; writings
       cache: ajiss-2398.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2398.txt

        item: #1242 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2399
      author: Taji-Farouki, Suha
       title: Minority Muslim Communities in Post-Bipolar Europe (Western Europe & the Balkans): 23-25 Rabi' al Thani 1415/ 28-30 September 1994 Amman, Jordan
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1457
      flesch: 44
     summary: James House (Leeds University, UK) discussed the “space” of Muslim identities in contempo- rary French society and analyzed the way in which Muslim identities there have been portrayed in political discourse as incompatible with “French identity.” The first theme addressed Muslim identity under communism and Islam’s renaissance since the collapse of communism.
    keywords: europe; identity; islam; muslim; university
       cache: ajiss-2399.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2399.txt

        item: #1243 of 2426
          id: ajiss-24
      author: ojsadmin
       title: American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 30 Spring 2013 Number 2
        date: 2017.0
       words: 13706
      flesch: 44
     summary: ‘Abd al-Halim ‘Uways, Ibn îazm al-Andalus¥: Juh´duh´ f¥ al-Baúth al-TŒr¥kh¥ al-îaèŒr¥ (Cairo: al-Zahra’ li al-I‘lam al-‘Arabi, 1988), 114-17. 21. Her re- search areas include democratic citizenship education, cosmopolitanism, and Islamic education. rage.
    keywords: ahmad; american; amss; compassion; editor; education; hazm; humanity; ibid; ibn; ibn hazm; islamic; iteration; jihad; journal; language; muslim; people; scholars; sciences; social; society; terrorism; thought; violence; world
       cache: ajiss-24.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-24.txt

        item: #1244 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2400
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association: 8-12 Rabi' al Awwal 1415/August 5-9, 1994 Los Angeles, California
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1464
      flesch: 43
     summary: Section sessions were basically of the same nature as regular sessions. Addresses Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association 8-12 Rabt' al Awwal 1415 I August 5-9, 1994 Los Angeles, California Thi conference, which consisted of many sessions, was very well attended.
    keywords: gender; issues; race; sessions; sociology
       cache: ajiss-2400.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2400.txt

        item: #1245 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2401
      author: Aliyu, Chika Umar
       title: National Seminar on Muslims and Islamic Scholarship in Twentieth Century Nigeria: 15-17 Rabi' al Awwal 1415/12-14 August 1994 Congregation Hall, City Campus Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
        date: 1995.0
       words: 1102
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conferences, Addresses 137 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses National Seminar on Muslims and Islamic Scholarship in Twentieth­ Century Nigeria 15-17 Rabi' al Awwal 1415 I 12-14 August 1994 Congregation Hall, City Campus Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria This seminar was organized by the Center for Islamic Studies (CIS), Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), Sokoto, Nigeria. In the first session, M. G. Maitafsir (Faculty of Education, UDU) pre- sented “Islamic Scholarship in Nigeria Today:
    keywords: department; muslims; nigeria; sokoto; udu
       cache: ajiss-2401.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2401.txt

        item: #1246 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2402
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: Fitrah and Its Bearing on the Principles of Psychology
        date: 1995.0
       words: 8747
      flesch: 54
     summary: Furthermore, we will show the relevance of this concept to developing the metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, psychological, and legal principles of Islamic psychology. We shall elaborate on the implications of fitrah and their bearing on the principles of Islamic psychology.
    keywords: child; god; hisher; human; humanity; individual; islamic; knowledge; mohamed; muslim; nature; principle; psychology; responsibility; self; social; state
       cache: ajiss-2402.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2402.txt

        item: #1247 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2403
      author: Ghadbian, Najib
       title: Islamists and Women in the Arab World: From Reaction to Reform?
        date: 1995.0
       words: 8161
      flesch: 48
     summary: Also, as Sudanese Islamist Su‘ad al Fa@ remarks, social work was an accessible path by which Islamist women could enter the arena of public and politi- cal work, for it was often based on female house-to-house networking and established grass-roots connections between women. Therefore, she and other Islamist women could count upon Islamist men to be supportive as she challenged tradi- tional practices oppressive to women, even on goals that they share with feminists.
    keywords: american; conditions; conservative; example; gender; islamic; islamists; issue; mernissi; movement; muslim; participation; public; social; society; sudanese; women; world
       cache: ajiss-2403.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2403.txt

        item: #1248 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2404
      author: Kohsul, Basit B.
       title: The Islamic Impact on Western Civilization Reconsidered
        date: 1995.0
       words: 14126
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Islamic Impact on Medieval Scholastic Thought6’ Dawson and Goldstien recognized the influence of Islamic thought on the intellectual currents of medieval Europe, but only in the general con- text of the movement of ideas. Commenting on this point, Makdisi writes: Khilaf [dialectical disputation] is a specifically Islamic institu- tion, a core component of the scholastic method, influencing the fundamental structure of the West.70 (emphasis added) Having looked at the contribution of medieval thought to the emer- gence of modem thought, as well as the influence of Islamic thought on medieval thought, attention will now be focused on classical Greek thought.
    keywords: arabic; christian; civilization; colleges; europe; european; fact; greek; history; impact; influence; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; medieval; method; muslim; philosophy; science; spirit; thought; tradition; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2404.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2404.txt

        item: #1249 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2405
      author: Lawal, Olakunle A.
       title: Islam and Colonial Rule in Lagos
        date: 1995.0
       words: 5867
      flesch: 61
     summary: 4. See R. S. Smith, The Lagos Consulate, 18.51-I861 (Lagos: Macmillan, 1978); J. B. Losi, History of Lagos (Lagos: CMS, 1921); and 0. A. R. Lawal, “Background to Urbanization: Lagos Society on the Eve of 1900” in Lagos Society in Transition: Aspects of Urbanization and Change, ed. Islam and Colonial Rule in Lagos Olakunle A. Lawal Introduction This essay provides an explanation of the dynamics of the interaction between Islam and politics by placing emphasis on the role played by Muslims in the collision of traditionalism and British rule as colonialism took root in Lagos.
    keywords: administration; british; century; colonial; community; crisis; eleko; history; imam; islam; lagos; lagosian; mosque; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2405.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2405.txt

        item: #1250 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2408
      author: AbuSulayman, ‘AbdulHamid
       title: Editorial
        date: 1994.0
       words: 471
      flesch: 44
     summary: In his endeavor to provide a holistic analysis of Islamic education, however, Rahman strictly avoids separation between what is theoretical, moral, and normative on the one hand, and what is practical, worldly, and positivist on the other. In a critique of modernist synthesis in Islamic thought, M. A. Choudhury sets the horizon for his inquiry with this question: Is there a possibility for the unification of knowledge in modernist epistemological com- prehension?
    keywords: issue; social
       cache: ajiss-2408.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2408.txt

        item: #1251 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2409
      author: Choudhury, Masudul Alum
       title: A Critique of Modernist Synthesis in Islamic Thought: Special Reference to Political Economy
        date: 1994.0
       words: 11560
      flesch: 38
     summary: Hence, for example, the statement “tawhid means the oneness of God” does not provide a sufficient cause-effect relationship for Islamic epistemology, for although the oneness of God is universally acclaimed by all religions, it is not operationally reflected in the order of the other epistemologies. Wittgenstein’s Theory of Language Games Used in Works on Islamic Economics Within this modernist philosophy of cultural transformation, what is the context of a theory of language as a construction of scientific epistemology?
    keywords: choudhury; critique; economic; epistemology; islamic; journal; knowledge; language; methodology; modernist; money; new; occidental; order; process; qur’anic; reality; sciences; social; synthesis; theory; unification
       cache: ajiss-2409.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2409.txt

        item: #1252 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2410
      author: al ‘Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Rights of the Accused in Islam (Part Two)
        date: 1994.0
       words: 6622
      flesch: 73
     summary: a1 Turuq a1 Huknrsyah, p. 104. 184-85; al Dasqi ‘ah a1 Sharh a1 Kabir, vol. 3, p. 348; a1 Kharashi, vol. 6, p. 87; a1 Muhalki, vol. 2, p. 288 and a1 Bahr a1 zakhkhcjr, vol. 5, p. 3.
    keywords: allah; case; confession; duress; evidence; ibn; prophet; rights; vol
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        item: #1253 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2411
      author: Rahman, Mawdudur
       title: A Holistic and Institutional Analysis of Islamic Education
        date: 1994.0
       words: 4507
      flesch: 55
     summary: To fill this void we added din a1 Islam, which will contribute to the process by serving as a unifying force based on Islamic values.. Scholars agree that the lack of knowledge about Islam is the primary reason for the absence of dynamism in Islamic life.
    keywords: allah; education; islamic; knowledge; life; mosque; muslim; qur’an; social; values
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        item: #1254 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2412
      author: Vawda, Shahid
       title: The Emerging of Islam in an African Township
        date: 1994.0
       words: 6607
      flesch: 62
     summary: As European colonization in southern Africa occurred in tandem with Christian missionary work, it effectively blocked the rapid advance of Islam southwards. The answer, I suspect, lies in the way that Islam was experienced by African Muslims in different institutional con- texts, the influences exerted upon the new converts, and the practice of their new religion.
    keywords: african; conversion; islam; islamic; kwamashu; mosque; muslims; organizations; people; population; religion; social; south; township
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        item: #1255 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2413
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid
       title: Editorial
        date: 1994.0
       words: 544
      flesch: 47
     summary: This, of coutse, is a necessary step toward undemding the intricacies, shortcomings, and richness of contemporary Islamic political thought. By drawing on primary Islamic texts and classical fiqh sources, his work epitomizes that of a contemporary fuqih vis-A-vis contemporary issues.
    keywords: islamic
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        item: #1256 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2414
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona M.
       title: Contemporary Social Theory: Tawhidi Projections
        date: 1994.0
       words: 22560
      flesch: 45
     summary: One is re- minded of the parabolic bird-infested tree and the sage of al G-i. One way to overcome excess is to inject a sense of measmc into contemporary social theory and not to presume either the indifference of social theory or the irrelevance of measure to it. This is a pity, for the subject matter and scope of social theory go beyond the confines of any exclusive tradition, while its reach and influence in the global context of our times merely reinforce its extended compass.
    keywords: abul; american; conflict; contemporary; context; cultural; culture; culture type; empirical; encounter; end; field; history; inquiry; islamic; journal; knowledge; matrix; means; median; modem; modernity; muslim; nature; new; order; oscillating; paradigm; perspective; philosophy; point; press; self; sense; social; social sciences; society; theory; thought; tradition; type; university; university press; view; way; west; world; york
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        item: #1257 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2415
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Rights of the Accused in Islam
        date: 1994.0
       words: 7380
      flesch: 64
     summary: The word muttaham (accused) comes from the mot t-h-m meaning to taint or decay in the '% Khaldiia, a1 Muqoddinrah, 740-3; Awad, al Majaunh al 'Arabrjah, 101-3. '% Khaldiia, a1 MuqaaUmah. =Awa& al Maallat al ‘Arab@& is patt of an authentic hadith.
    keywords: allah; authority; cases; evidence; ibn; islam; judge; people; person; prophet; rights; suspicion; vol
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        item: #1258 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2416
      author: Taji-Farouki, Suha
       title: Islamic Discourse and Modern Political Methods: An Analysis of al Nabhani's Reading of the Canonical Textual Sources of Islam
        date: 1994.0
       words: 12526
      flesch: 56
     summary: See also al Nab&-, a1 Sha&ijwh a1 Ishim@&, vol. 2, 123. yukattiluhum hawlahu), gradually creating a believing group (a1 kutlah a1 mu'minah) out of them.
    keywords: approach; arab; basis; context; group; history; hizb; hizb a1; ideology; islamic; kutlah; modem; muhammad; muslims; nabhm; new; parties; party; phase; politics; program; reading; social; sources; state; terms; ummah
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        item: #1259 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2417
      author: Ansari, Mohammed I.
       title: Islamic Perspectives on Sustainable Development
        date: 1994.0
       words: 3443
      flesch: 54
     summary: No other single topic of discussion seems to manifest these concerns more than that of sustainable development. This paper looks at sustainable development from an Islamic per- spective.
    keywords: development; economic; god; human; islamic; life; sense; social; society; welfare
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        item: #1260 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2418
      author: al Masseri, Abdulwahab
       title: The Imperialist Epistemological Vision
        date: 1994.0
       words: 5447
      flesch: 40
     summary: We can see that the persistent rhetoric on “human rights,” now led by the most imperialist administration in the world (that of the United States) is, in essence, an onslaught on humanity and human nature. To be sure, the Nazis applied the principle of material benefit in assessing the worth of human beings human beings (i.e., gypsies, children, handicapped and elderly people, German soldiers wounded in action, Jews, and Slavs) whom they classified as useless sectom (i.e. useless eaters, as the Nazi phrase goes).
    keywords: human; humanity; imperialism; individual; nature; order; social; state; view; vision; world
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        item: #1261 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2419
      author: Qutb, Sayyid
       title: Islamic Revivalism in Recent Western Writings
        date: 1994.0
       words: 5783
      flesch: 48
     summary: In other words, his objective is to analyze the connection between political Islam and society in selected Arab countries, especially Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. In his view, it is the Muslim rejection of modernity that is the crux of the matter: The picture that emerges is not one which scholars studying Islamic society would tend to refhte.
    keywords: abu; arab; binder; islamic; modem; muslim; new; philosophy; press; qutb; revivalism; sayyid; social; society; study; western; world
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        item: #1262 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2420
      author: Winkel, Eric
       title: Between Modernity and Post-Modernity: The Islamic Left and Dr. Hasan Hanafi's Thought: A Critical Reading By Kazuo Shimogaki (Japan: The Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, International University of Japan, 1988) 177 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2365
      flesch: 53
     summary: Shimogaki does see that Hanafi's criticism of European man only satisfies anti-European sentiments. When one teads the hadith and the stories of tra- vellers, the qualitative differences between our societies are vask where we cannot build our own houses without governmental permits, bank loans, and lawyers; where we cannot heal ourselves, but must submit to aggressive and invasive medical procedures; where we cannot educate our own children but must send them to public schools actually designed to transfer children's obedience from their parents to the state; we find traditional Muslims implementing the Shari'ah by themselves, without the fiat of state powers or amirs or caliphs, we find the qai guiding disputants to harmony (the process of sulh) instead of locking up crimi- nals; we find people following wealth freely instead of nation-states setting up enclaves of super-rich citizens and dirt-poor foreign labore=. What Foucault does with this modem engagement of the individual is locate a tuming point, in typical Foucaultian fashion, in a little-known book by J. P. Frank titled System einer vollstaendigen Medicinische Polizei, written in 1779.
    keywords: foucault; god; hanafi; islamic; man; shimogaki; world
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        item: #1263 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2421
      author: Dadoo, Yousuf
       title: Power-sharing Islam? By 'Azzam Tamimi (ed). London: Liberty Publications, 1993, 192 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2394
      flesch: 49
     summary: Islamic democracy is at variance with liberal democracy, since the former is a popular suzerainty operating within God’s suzerainty. He states that the multiparty system is gaining in popularity among Islamic political parties and movements.
    keywords: democracy; islamic; muslim; power; sharing
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        item: #1264 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2422
      author: Khan, Shujaat A.
       title: Islam and Economic Development: By Muhammad Umer Chapra, The International Institute of Islamic Thought and Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1993, 166 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1132
      flesch: 44
     summary: Chapra shows the flaws and in coflsistencies present in development strategies, which are built on a mix of the neoclassical economic thought and the development planning of socialist thought. He makes a telling point by hypo- thesizing that material development with justice and stability is not possible without moral development.
    keywords: chapra; development; islamic; system
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        item: #1265 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2423
      author: Kucukcan, Talip
       title: Material Culture in Central Asia and the Middle East II: 24-25 Dhu al Qa'dah 1414/5-6 May, 1994 School of Oriental and African Studies University of London, London, United Kingdom
        date: 1994.0
       words: 619
      flesch: 35
     summary: In the second session, Donald Hill read a paper entitled Science and Technology in Islamic Building Construction,* in which he examined some of the scientific and technological content of 446 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 11:3 Turkic tents. Two papers were devoted to medical issues: a) Derek Lithium (Professor Emeritus in Arabic and Islamic Studies, Edinburgh University and Honorary Research Fellow, University of Manchester, UK) presented an informative paper on the treatment of tuberculosis of the lungs.
    keywords: islamic; soas; university
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        item: #1266 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2424
      author: Mattson, Ingrid
       title: Law, Culture, and Human Rights: Islamic Perspectives in the Contemporary World 20-21 Jumada al Awwal 1414/5-6 November 1993 Yale Law School, New Haven, CT
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1338
      flesch: 56
     summary: An-Naim began from the premise of the universality of human rights, saying that the norms embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) should take precedence over the Shari'ah when the two conflict. An-Naim also criticized the double discourse practiced by Muslim leaders: they appear to support human rights when addressing non- Muslims but speak differently when addressing their circle of supporters.
    keywords: conference; islamic; naim; rights; women
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        item: #1267 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2425
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1994.0
       words: 616
      flesch: 55
     summary: I have been associated with this journal since we named it MISS and coined the term Islamic social science. These years have been charactmized by a great struggle to define and to develop Islamic social sciences and to identify scholam both here and abroad who were willing and qualified to work for the intellectual reform of the ummah.
    keywords: america; muslim
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        item: #1268 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2426
      author: Acikgenc, Alparslan
       title: A Concept of Philosophy in the Qur'anic Context
        date: 1994.0
       words: 13397
      flesch: 61
     summary: Clearly, this modem conception does not differ from the ancient-medieval stand, in the sense that all fields of human knowledge ate still conceived as a unified whole under one discipline: philosophy. Moreover, not only is it clear that the Qur'an makes this distinction, but it is self-evident that the distinction is maintained because of the possibili- ty of human knowledge concerning these two different worlds.
    keywords: concept; conception; context; experience; god; human; islamic; knowledge; mind; philosophy; qur'anic; realm; revelation; sciences; sense; social; society; system; unity; worldview
       cache: ajiss-2426.pdf
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        item: #1269 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2427
      author: Farooqui, Jamil
       title: Ethnocentric Trends in Sociology: A Critical View
        date: 1994.0
       words: 7208
      flesch: 51
     summary: Park (1988) asserts that the cultural biases of social sciences have acted as instrum ents of colonialism, racism and sexism disguised as universalistic knowledge and so has sought to develop a mechanism to balance the outsider views with those of the insider. Social thinkem of the period expressed an intense desire to develop a new science of Society that, once equipped with adequate methods and theoretical constmcts, could be used to study and better understand society and social phenomena.
    keywords: humanity; knowledge; laws; life; mind; new; order; phenomena; science; social; society; sociology; study; system; view; world
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        item: #1270 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2428
      author: Kahf, Monzer
       title: Budget Deficits and Public Borrowing Instruments in an Islamic Economic System
        date: 1994.0
       words: 9916
      flesch: 57
     summary: In other words, these modes of public debt financing provide the govem- ment with the flexibility of using the pmceeds as the budget planners see fit. Islamic law pro- hibits attaching any fringe benefits (i.e., tax duction, relaxation of the relevant deadline conditions for tax payment, providing facilities in the sale of certain public goods) to a loan and considers any such benefits a form of interest.
    keywords: assets; borrowing; budget; debt; financing; form; goods; government; instruments; islamic; leasing; mark; modes; output; payment; private; projects; provision; public; sale; sector; sharing; social
       cache: ajiss-2428.pdf
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        item: #1271 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2429
      author: Moore, Kathleen M.
       title: Muslim Commitment in North America: Assimilation or Transformation?
        date: 1994.0
       words: 9697
      flesch: 52
     summary: The focus is on the gradual transformation of American Muslims' perceptions and self-identification coaxed by the ways civil law has penetrated and come to dominate their daily lives. How- ever, American Muslims are not restricted to a particular national origin, for they repmient a micmcusm of the variated and multinational global community of Islam.
    keywords: african; american; american muslim; community; court; elijah; ibid; islamic; journal; law; movement; muhammad; muslim; muslim community; nation; new; north; prison; rights; social; society; states; united; world
       cache: ajiss-2429.pdf
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        item: #1272 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2430
      author: Mahdi, Muhsin
       title: Religious Belief and Scientific Belief
        date: 1994.0
       words: 7658
      flesch: 50
     summary: As one looks at these histories of Islamic philosophy and science and asks oneself What is Islamic science? The Qur'anic Perspective The Arabic expressions in the Qur'an that are used to signify mental discipline and usually translated into English as science are primarily two: 'ih, normally rendered as science or knowledge (a faculty of sciences is regularly called kulhyat al 'ulzim in Arabic, 'ulzim being the plural of 'ilm) and & h u h , normally tendered as wisdom.
    keywords: belief; disciplines; islamic; knowledge; muslim; philosophy; relation; religion; science; theology; things; way
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        item: #1273 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2431
      author: Hashmi, Sohail H.
       title: Political Islam: By Charles Butterworth and I. William Zartman, eds. Annuls of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 524 (November 1992).
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1760
      flesch: 46
     summary: Ira Lapidus argues that Islamic political theory has been governed by two paradigms, each grounded in a separate vision of the Islamic golden age. Nazih Ayubi and Shahrough Akhavi examine Islamic political theory and its application to contem- porary problems.
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; politics; state; theory
       cache: ajiss-2431.pdf
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        item: #1274 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2432
      author: Karbal, Mohamed
       title: The New Cold War: Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State By Mark Juergensmeyer. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1993, 202 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1121
      flesch: 46
     summary: Hwttington predicts that the struggle will occur on the international level, whereas Juergensmeyer says it will take place on the nation-state level, for religious nationalism will challenge the dominant secular ideology that now rules nation-states. Before proceeding, two important elements asserted by Juergens­ meyer should be kept in mind: the conflict between secular nationalism and religious nationalism will take place in the Third World and will be confined to the borders of the nation-state.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; nationalism; states
       cache: ajiss-2432.pdf
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        item: #1275 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2433
      author: Suliman, Osman
       title: Banking and Finance: Islamic Concept Edited by Mukhtar Zaman. Karachi: International Association of Islamic Banks, 1993, 204 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 774
      flesch: 44
     summary: Seven essays deal with the experience of Islamic banking in Pakistan. They also discuss various problems, a common one being that most (if not all) Islamic countries ate developing countries and, therefore, the transition to Islamic banking is inseparable from the mdi- mentary nature of their present banking systems.
    keywords: banking; islamic; system
       cache: ajiss-2433.pdf
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        item: #1276 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2434
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal
       title: Methodologies of Change in the Contemporary Islamic World: 12-14 Sha'ban 1414/24-26 January 1994 Kuwait City, Kuwait
        date: 1994.0
       words: 900
      flesch: 37
     summary: Those pteSenting papers at the seminar included: 'Abd a1 Jalil al Gharaballi, Values Determining Economic Behavior in the Arab Gu& 'Ali Jumu'ah, The Philosophy of Change; Fahmi Jad'in, Islam and Change by Coercion; Tiiriq a1 Bishfi, The Historical Framework of Is- lamic Revival Movements; b d Sidqi al Dajj;Ini; M&ammad Abii a1 Qkim; Muhammad ' A e r a h , Secularist Criticisms of the Islamic Plan for Revival; Ja'far Shaykh Id&, Mubammad a1 RumayU, Values and Morals that Influence Culture in the Gu& Muhammad al Samtniik, The Role of Media in Influencing Culture and Belief in the Arab World; Abmad Buzabar, Modern Theories of Change and Islamic Thought; Wajlh KawtharM, Why Think of Malik Bennabi when Change is Men- tioned: Remembering, Forgetting, and Continuing in Arab Islamic Seminars, Cooferences, Addresses 271 Thought; Sadiq al 'lbadi, Change Methodology in Shi'i Thought; 'Abd al Latif, 'lbiidah, Change Methodologies of Contemporary Islamic Movements: Critical. Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Methodologies of Change in the Contemporary Islamic World 12-14 Sha'ban 1414 I 24-26 January 1994 Kuwait City, Kuwait llris seminar was the second in a series of seminars held jointly by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IDT) in cooperation with the Kuwaiti Department of Awqaf.
    keywords: change; islamic
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        item: #1277 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2435
      author: Nafi, Basheer
       title: Pluralism and Ethnic and Sectarian Diversity in the Arab World: 12-16 Jumada al Akhir/26-30 November 1993 International Institute of Islamic Thought Herndon, Virginia
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1093
      flesch: 42
     summary: In an important contribution to the seminar, MOM Abul-Fad1 (West- ern Thought Project, IIIT) stated that, epistemologically, the question of pluralism is universal and not a problem of Islamic thought alone. The first was that of Khalid al Zir (Kuwaiti Ministry of Awqaf), who foc.ussed on the value of research as a higher value and emphasized the role of waqf in Islamic life.
    keywords: arab; islamic; pluralism
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        item: #1278 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2436
      author: Sonn, Tamara
       title: Islamic Studies in South Africa
        date: 1994.0
       words: 3193
      flesch: 52
     summary: Situation Revort Islamic Studies in South Africa Background of South African Islam In 1994, South Africans will celebrate three centuries of Islam in South Africa. Credit for establishing Islam in South Africa is usually given to Sheikh Yusuf, a Macasser prince who was exiled to South Africa for leading the resistance against the Dutch colonization of Malaysia.
    keywords: africa; cape; community; indian; islamic; muslim; south; south africa; studies; university
       cache: ajiss-2436.pdf
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        item: #1279 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2439
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: Islamization of Knowledge: A Critique
        date: 1994.0
       words: 5655
      flesch: 52
     summary: As pointed out earlier, the conflicting philosophies underlying modem and Islamic disciplines may result in an Islamization that amounts to no more than casting an Islamic veneer over modem disciplines. The subsequent exclusion of traditional scholars from the process of creative synthesis, a major side effect, ignom the fact that alternative Islamic paradigms and the recon- struction of Islamic disciplines can only emerge out of those very traditional Islamic disciplines.
    keywords: disciplines; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; legacy; modem; muslim; plan; rahman; sciences; social; university
       cache: ajiss-2439.pdf
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        item: #1280 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2440
      author: Chaudhary, Mohammad Akram; Berdine, Michael D. 
       title: Islamic Resurgence and Western Reaction: By Mohammad Akram Chaudhary Michael D. Berdine
        date: 1994.0
       words: 6800
      flesch: 56
     summary: She visits Egypt regularly, and her fears regarding this country, which has the most populated and nervous bourgeoisie of the Middle East, are depicted fully when she states: “There is also a tangible fear, which I had never known before, that Egypt, with nearly sixty million people-one third of the Arab world-could lose its struggle against militant Islam” (ibid., 76-84). One is the dichotomy between official Islam and popular Islam.
    keywords: american; christian; east; fundamentalism; ibid; islamic; middle; muslim; new; reaction; resurgence; social; states; term; threat; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2440.pdf
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        item: #1281 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2441
      author: Nourallah, Riad
       title: The Word of Islam: By John Alden Williams, ed., Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994, 232 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2138
      flesch: 51
     summary: Mainstream Islam is an open creed and has no hidden text or hidden agenda. There may be people who will see the whole exercise as a byproduct of a consum- eristic, “American,” or even orientalist tendency to market a product or offer policy makers a clue as to what makes Islam and Muslims tick.
    keywords: book; editor; islam; muslims; religion; world
       cache: ajiss-2441.pdf
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        item: #1282 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2442
      author: Ghadbian, Najib
       title: The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State By Halim Barakat. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993, 348 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2214
      flesch: 43
     summary: Barakat’s proposed approach to the analysis of Arab society is one that he characterizes as dynamic (treating society as changing rather than static), dialectical (emphasizing social contradictions and class struggle), and critical (aimed at transforming the status quo). While Barakat is very critical of the orientalist obsession with stasis and division in the Arab world, he does not overlook the inter- nal contradictions of Arab society.
    keywords: arab; barakat; social; society; vision; world
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        item: #1283 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2443
      author: Altalib, Omar
       title: Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East: By Donna Bowen and Evelyn Early, eds. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1503
      flesch: 61
     summary: Last but not least, jurists belonging to the brotherhood can no longer administer Islamic law, for state law administerid by government-appointed judges is the only law allowed. Elizabeth Fernea discusses “The Veiled Revolution” in a manner designed to complement her film series on Middle Eastern women.
    keywords: book; middle; morocco; muslim; people
       cache: ajiss-2443.pdf
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        item: #1284 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2444
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal
       title: The Search for God's Law: Islamic Jurisprudence in the Writings of Sayf al-Din al-Amidi By Bernard G. Weiss. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1992, 745 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1355
      flesch: 60
     summary: 3 Notable among these are the two works by Jamal al Din ‘A.tpah, a1 Tanzir a1 Fiqhi and a1 Naqariyah a1 ‘Ammah li a1 Shari‘ah a1 IslSmiyah (Cairo: Matba‘ah Madani yah 1. More precisely, and to use his terminology, it is a “fundamentally expository” study of Sayf a1 Dm al
    keywords: field; islamic; weiss
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        item: #1285 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2445
      author: Koshul, Basit B.
       title: The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe: Charles E. Butterworth and Blake A. Kessel, eds. New York: E. J. Brill, 1994, 149 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1855
      flesch: 52
     summary: From reading these particular chapters, it becomes clear that one cannot separate the introduction of Arabic philosophy into certain univer- sities from the personal histories of certain individuals, because it is largely through the efforts of these hardy souls that Arab philosophy and Arabic studies were introduced into certain prominent uni- versities. The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe is a collection of ten papers dealing with the status of Arabic philosophy as an aca- demic discipline in leading European universities.
    keywords: arabic; influence; islamic; philosophy; west
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        item: #1286 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2446
      author: Asmal, Abu-Bakr M.
       title: BRISMES 1994 Annual Conference: 4-6 Safar 1415/12-14 July 1994 University of Manchester Manchester, United Kingdom
        date: 1994.0
       words: 3181
      flesch: 47
     summary: Turning to the Turks’ religious identity, he claimed that 90 per- cent would traditionally regard themselves as ummati Muhammud- an identity based on a religious millat that would admit neither a linguistic nor an ethnic distinction. This was achieved by grouping the speakers, many of whom were from overseas, into thirty-four panels covering such diverse themes as law, politics, lan­ guage, literature, poetry, culture, identity, history, religion, architec­ ture, mysticism, media, economics, and agriculture.
    keywords: conference; identity; islamic; middle; muslim; secular; sense; session; unity
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        item: #1287 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2447
      author: Moosa, Ebrahim
       title: Islam and Civil Society in South Africa: Prospects for Tolerance and Conflict Resolution On 27-29 Safar 1415/5-7 August, 1994 University of South Africa Pretoria, South Africa
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1041
      flesch: 45
     summary: All together, some twenty-three papers dealing with various aspects of South African civil society were presented. Zuleikha Mayat’s paper gave a detailed account of the courageous political support provided by Muslim women to their menfolk in the political struggles of the Transvaal Indian Congress, while Zubeda Dangor focused on painful accounts of the abuse of women, a phenomenon that cuts across all sectors of Muslim society.
    keywords: africa; muslim; society; south
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        item: #1288 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2448
      author: Jordan Office, IIIT - 
       title: Shari'ah Sciences at the Universities: Reality and Prospective 16-19 Rabi' al Awwal 1415/23-26 August 1994 Amman, Jordan
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1748
      flesch: 36
     summary: The papers covered five themes: a) the origin and development of &e Shari'ah sciences, 4xeir rdationship to the Arabii language and the human and social sciences, and their treatment methodology; b) the educational plans and programs of the Shari'ah sciences institutions at v&ous levels; c) the curricula of the Shari'ah sciences at h e univer- sities along with their various components: objectives, contents, methods of teaching and evaluation, and textbooks; d) the recruit- ment criteria of students and teachers in the higher education institu- tions of the Shari'ah sciences; and e) the relation of the Shari'ah sciences institutions with the society and other institutions. Amman, Jordan 605 Interest in the development of Shari'ah sciences at the universities has emerged in the context of efforts to reconstruct the cultural and intellectual paradigms of the Islamic umrnah and affirm its role in directing and guiding the procession of hwnan culture.
    keywords: development; islamic; knowledge; sciences; shari'ah
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        item: #1289 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2449
      author: Khan, Shujaat Ali
       title: A Critique of Akhtar’s Model of an Economic Economy
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2567
      flesch: 60
     summary: The Sources of Economic Growth in the U.S. and the AZternatives before Us. Domar, E. D. Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth.
    keywords: akhtar; american; bounty; economic; growth; model
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        item: #1290 of 2426
          id: ajiss-245
      author: Paya, Ali
       title: The Faqīh as Engineer: A Critical Assessment of Fiqh’s Epistemological Status
        date: 2016.0
       words: 11925
      flesch: 52
     summary: I will then expound upon the main characteristics of en- gineering as a particular field within the broad church of technologies (section 3), briefly explain the main characteristics of applied sciences, and argue that the meanings attached to engineering and applied sciences have changed greatly over time. While both are part of technology, the narrowed modern meaning of applied sciences now refers to a particular activity that may be re- garded as only a small part of engineering in the general sense.
    keywords: ajiss33; design; engineering; engineers; example; faqīh; fiqh; fuqahā; islamic; knowledge; laws; muslim; page; problems; reality; science; solutions; technologies; technology
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        item: #1291 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2450
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1994.0
       words: 888
      flesch: 50
     summary: Muhammad Hashim Kamali discusses the possibility of price control (tus‘fr) in Islam law. He also examines several provisions concerning price control and highlights some of the conflicting interests of freedom vs. authority that are reflected in relevant Shari‘ah provisions.
    keywords: control; islamic; law
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        item: #1292 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2451
      author: Al-Khalifah, Abdullah H. M.
       title: Religiosity in Islam as a Protective Mechanism against Criminal Temptation
        date: 1994.0
       words: 5331
      flesch: 55
     summary: a1 Tafsir a1 Isla- li a1 Inbi6f wa al Sulik al 1jrih-C Majallat Jdmi'at a1 Imam Mubmmad ibn Sa'Cd a1 Ishim- ouh, no. 3 (1990): 405-68. Cairo: DEr a1 Kitiib a1 'Ambi li a1 Tibi'ah wa a1 Nashr, 1967.
    keywords: behavior; concept; control; crime; criminal; islamic; journal; law; mechanism; people; punishment; religion; religiosity; social
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        item: #1293 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2452
      author: al Ghazali, Muhammad
       title: Universal Social Culture: An Empirico-Revelational Paradigm of Shah Wali Allah
        date: 1994.0
       words: 5565
      flesch: 55
     summary: Shsih Wali All& is aware of these degrees of intelligence, for he assigns the role of discovering methods of human social development on behalf of the rest to a gifted group of people. The value of Shiih Wali W s sociopolitical ideas, as an original contribution to Islamic thought, lies in his development of a total view of human life, in the context of which he explains the phenomena of human social organhation.
    keywords: beings; human; humanity; ibid; ibn; individual; islamic; n.d; philosophy; shiih; social; society; wali
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        item: #1294 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2453
      author: Kamali, Mohamad Hashim
       title: Tas'ir (Price Control) in Islamic Law
        date: 1994.0
       words: 6096
      flesch: 70
     summary: Beirut: Dir a1 Kutub a1 'Ilm-yah, n.d. Ibn Qudsimah. a1 Fiqh a1 Islcsmi wa Adilhztuh.
    keywords: control; goods; ibn; islamic; jawziyah; jurists; law; market; need; people; policy; price; prophet; public; qayyim; trade; yah
       cache: ajiss-2453.pdf
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        item: #1295 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2454
      author: Eid, Florence
       title: Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance: A Survey of Some New Developments
        date: 1994.0
       words: 15834
      flesch: 50
     summary: What is novel about current approaches is the (often very explicit) recognition that if Islam today does not appear compatible with capitalism and democracy, the problem is one of interpretation on both ends. She is generally quite optimistic about the role that the youth can play in bringing about American Muslim Leonard Binder is interested in how contemporary Muslim actors adapt traditional Islam to contemporary conditions.
    keywords: american; bank; change; development; east; economics; egypt; eid; fundamentalism; governance; haddad; islam; islamic; issues; john; law; modem; muslim; new; project; relationship; research; role; scholars; social; society; soviet; state; studies; study; subject; system; thought; today; work; world; zakat
       cache: ajiss-2454.pdf
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        item: #1296 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2455
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Naturalization and the Rights of Citizens
        date: 1994.0
       words: 3809
      flesch: 53
     summary: It was for this teason that secularists in the Muslim world saw the presence of non-Muslim minorities as a powerful argument that could be used to quell the demands of the Islamic political agenda. In this way, non-Muslim minorities co- existed with Muslims for centuries and even played important roles in the Muslim societies in which they lived.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; non; rights; secularists; society; thought; world
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        item: #1297 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2456
      author: Serageldin, Ismail
       title: Mirrors and Windows: Redefining the Boundaries of the Mind
        date: 1994.0
       words: 13280
      flesch: 56
     summary: Second: Muslim intellectuals must explore more thoroughly the prob- lem of cultural continuity in contemporary Muslim societies. History matte~s.~' On Method k t me outline my personal I believe that this synthesis of critical method and in-depth historical, cultural, and socioeconomic knowledge of a society is necessary to make ptogress in dealing with the challenges of contemporary Muslim societies.
    keywords: american; art; bank; behavior; boundaries; cairo; contemporary; democracy; development; ethics; human; identity; intellectual; islamic; issues; journal; mind; muslim; new; rights; serageldin; social; societies; society; today; values; west; windows; women; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2456.pdf
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        item: #1298 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2457
      author: Badinjki, Taher
       title: The Challenge of Arabization in Syria
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2370
      flesch: 50
     summary: This college taught Arabic language and literature, mathematics, natural sciences, modem languages, law and jurisprudence, and medicine. The De- partment of Health (Damascus) issued the first Arabic medical magazine (Public Health), which featured a series of articles on Arabic language and medicine.
    keywords: arabic; arabization; language; medical; syria; terms; world
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        item: #1299 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2458
      author: Atiyyah, Hani M.
       title: The Politics of Islamic Resurgence: Through Western Eyes: A Bibliographic Survey By Ahmed Bin Yousef and Ahmad AbulJobain. Springfield, IL: United Association for Studies and Research, Inc., 1992, 199 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1447
      flesch: 53
     summary: This raises a question about the objective, although the compilers declare that it seeks to pre­ sent the Western intelligentsia-scholars, politicians, journalists-with Muslim comment and a bibliographic collection of Western articles that have tackled the issue of Islamic revival (p. ii). The chapter highlights, through quota­ tions from various sources, fabricated stories, subjective opinions, and general unfamiliarity with Islam and tends to condemn western authors and journalists for their role in formulating people's opinions.
    keywords: bibliography; islamic; section; western
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        item: #1300 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2459
      author: Roald, Anne Sofie
       title: Islamic Versus Modern Western Education: Prospect for the Future By Tetsuya Kitaji. Niigata-ken, Japan: Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, International University of Japan, 1990, 127 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1582
      flesch: 49
     summary: He also does not distinguish between traditional Islamic education and Islamic education within the discussion of Islamization of education. In the fourth part, Kitaji analyses western influence on Islamic educa- tion He says that in most Islamic countries, them exist two educational systems: Islamic education and Western education' (p. 84, my italics).
    keywords: education; islamic; kitaji; system
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        item: #1301 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2460
      author: Naguib, Shuruq
       title: A New Co-Editor Joins the American Journal of Islam and Society
        date: 2020.0
       words: 522
      flesch: 39
     summary: Shuruq Naguib, Co-Editor, American Journal of Islam and Society Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, Politics, and Religion Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Editorials Introductory Note It is a great honor to introduce myself as the new Co-Editor of the American Journal of Islam and Society.
    keywords: journal
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        item: #1302 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2461
      author: Khan, Muhammad Akram
       title: On Islamic Accounting: Its Future Impact on Western Accounting By Toshikazy Hayashi. Niigata-ken, Japan: Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, International University of Japan, 130 pp.
        date: 1994.0
       words: 723
      flesch: 61
     summary: According to him, Islamic accounting is more responsive to a society’s needs. The author has dragged the Islamic institution of bisbuh into the concept of Islamic accounting, although the two are not related.
    keywords: accounting; islamic
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        item: #1303 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2462
      author: Ul Haq, Irfan
       title: The Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the AMSS: 28 Rabi al Akhir-1 Jumada- al Awwal 1414/15-17 October 1993 International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon, Virginia
        date: 1994.0
       words: 2610
      flesch: 43
     summary: The Muslim Education panel featured M. A. W. Fakhri (Chicago State University, Chicago, IL), who spoke on the Open Islamic University and looked into its prospects for success. The banquet keynote speaker, Ali Mazrui (Albert Schweitzer Pro- fessor in the Humanities and Director of Global Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY) talked on Islam and the Debate over the End of History.
    keywords: american; chicago; islamic; knowledge; media; muslim; panel; social; state; university; washington
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        item: #1304 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2465
      author: Hassan, Muji
       title: National Seminar on Development Journalism: 19-21 Sha'ban 19-21 1413 / 11-13 February 1993 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
        date: 1994.0
       words: 810
      flesch: 44
     summary: Is- mail Mustapa's 'The Changing Role: Electronic Media in Development Journalism traced the origin and development of electronic media in Ma- laysia and the part played by Radio Television Malaysia journalists and programmers. The seminar was opened by Riley Haji Jeffrey (Deputy Minister of Information, Malaysia), who discussed the importance and the need for development journalism to achieve the goal of Vision 2020 (i.e., be- coming a fully developed country by 2020).
    keywords: development; journalism; malaysia; media
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        item: #1305 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2466
      author: Pakistan Office, IIIT-
       title: International Symposium on Islam and Modernity: 19-21 Jumada al Awwal 1413/ 4-6 November 1993 Karachi, Pakistan
        date: 1994.0
       words: 751
      flesch: 49
     summary: De- spite this, however, many people in the West feel the need for a better understanding of the changes taking place in Muslim societies and for entering into a dialogue with their Muslim counterparts in order to explore the possibility of promoting mutual respect and creating an atmosphere of meaningful and peaceful coexistence. In addition to the general divide between Islam and the West, there is a secular vs. Islamist divide within Muslim societies.
    keywords: islamic; west
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        item: #1306 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2467
      author: Karabal, Mohammed M.
       title: Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions?
        date: 1994.0
       words: 1786
      flesch: 56
     summary: The West after the Cold War Modem western history, particularly that of western Europe, is full of disputes and conflicts. It is true that western Europe established institutions that promoted coopemtion and eliminated conflict.
    keywords: huntington; war; west; western; world
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        item: #1307 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2468
      author: Elmesseri, Abdel Wahab
       title: 1995 Special Issue: Secularism
        date: 1994.0
       words: 3347
      flesch: 45
     summary: The disappearance of the concept of human nature as an ultimate point of reference in the human sciences is a dramatic manifestation of the level of secularization. Like most, or probably all, world outlooks, secularism revolves around three elements: God, humanity, and nature (
    keywords: human; humanity; individual; matter; nature; secularism; terms; world
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        item: #1308 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2469
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1092
      flesch: 52
     summary: He discusses Fuku- yama’s thesis in relation to the Muslim world: the fact that Prophet Muhammad is the final prophet means that he declared the end of reli- gious history, since he represented the final conclusion of that particular phase of human history. M d concludes that Mus- lims are shaping global history, but only unintentionally and with un- intended consequences.
    keywords: history; islamic; social; sunnah
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        item: #1309 of 2426
          id: ajiss-247
      author: Hasan, Md. Mahmudul
       title: Discovering Doris Lessing: Convergences between Islam and Her Thoughts
        date: 2016.0
       words: 10899
      flesch: 55
     summary: Keywords: Doris Lessing, Islamic feminism, women and Islam, anti-feminism, The Golden Notebook, Islamization and integration of knowledge, Lessing and racism, Lessing and misogyny Md. One commentator puts this love-hate relationship between Lessing and feminism thus: “And while she may have spent 50 years denying she is a feminist, for 50 years women have adored her” as one.54 Although both her experiences as a mother and her relationship with her children were marked by unconventionality, and there is ambiguity and am- bivalence about her decision to leave some of them in South Africa when she moved to Britain permanently in 1949, in her criticism of dominant trends of feminism Lessing shows genuine concern for the welfare of children and puts enormous emphasis on paying sufficient attention to their physical and psy- chological needs.
    keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; american; doris; doris lessing; education; feminism; hasan; ideas; islamic; jan; journal; knowledge; lessing; life; literature; new; page; sciences; social; women
       cache: ajiss-247.pdf
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        item: #1310 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2471
      author: Gwynne, Rosalind W.
       title: The Neglected Sunnah: Sunnat Allah (The Sunnah of God)
        date: 1993.0
       words: 4076
      flesch: 75
     summary: Ham-d Alllh, M. Majmi‘at a1 Wathd’iq a1 SiydsQah. A1 Sunnah wa Makcrnatuha fi a1 Tashn- a1 Ishimi; a1 Suyiiti.
    keywords: god; ibn; imam; nations; prophet; sunnah; sunnut; verse; word
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        item: #1311 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2472
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Towards a Unified Approach to the Shari'ah and Social Inference
        date: 1993.0
       words: 7395
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thus it is safe to say that the complete exclusion of revelation from the realm of science is not due to any inherent contradictions between the universal elements of revelation and Teason, but can be attributed to the intemal con- tradictions between reason and western revelation and the internal conflict between the western scientific movement and the Christian church. This can be done by incorporating information about the nature of individual and collective action and inter- action; and b) the application of universal rules requires knowledge of existing conditions.
    keywords: action; approach; empirical; islamic; knowledge; order; principles; reality; revelation; rules; science; social; truth
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        item: #1312 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2473
      author: Al-A‘ali, Ebtihaj
       title: Assumptions Concerning the Social Sciences: A Comparative Perspective
        date: 1993.0
       words: 2091
      flesch: 42
     summary: In reviewing the modem science of human existence and society, Burrell and Morgan (1979) state that the relevant assumptions in this area can be viewed in the light of two strands of thought: nominalism and realism. Human Existence and Society Islamic assumptions concerning human existence and Society take a diffemt ditection from nominalism and realism, for they are based on a wider perspective.
    keywords: existence; human; individuals; reality; society
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        item: #1313 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2474
      author: Akhtar, M. Ramzan
       title: Modelling the Economic Growth of an Islamic Economy
        date: 1993.0
       words: 8670
      flesch: 62
     summary: In the area of growth factors, he stresses the role of natural and human reSOurces and, particularly, research and development activities. This is usually taken as an index of economic growth.
    keywords: allah; bounty; development; economic; economy; factors; god; growth; islamic; labor; life; output; production; qur'an; role; social; state
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        item: #1314 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2475
      author: Mazrui, Ali A.
       title: Islam and the End of History
        date: 1993.0
       words: 11100
      flesch: 63
     summary: In this phase, Muslims affected world history, not by design but by attempting to change more localized history and then gen- erating consequences abroad. If this is what we mean by the major changes that took place in periods of Islamic history, an approximate extension of the then nascent scientific revolution depends on one's perspective.
    keywords: american; capitalism; century; countries; democracy; end; europe; example; france; french; god; history; islam; islamic; muhammad; muslim; new; press; revolution; social; university; west; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2475.pdf
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        item: #1315 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2476
      author: Al-Dabbagh, Afaf
       title: Islamic Perspectives on Social Work Practice
        date: 1993.0
       words: 766
      flesch: 49
     summary: The detrimental effects of secularized social sciences on social wel- fare programs and social work practice in Muslim countries were shown clearly. After fifty years of social work practice in these countries, how- ever, we find that this model has largely failed due to its exclusion of re- ligious values and spiritual aspects.
    keywords: islamic; practice; work
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        item: #1316 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2477
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Postmodernism and Islam:: Predicament and Promise By Akbar S. Ahmed. London: Routledge, 1992, 294 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 3546
      flesch: 48
     summary: In chapter four, entitled Studying Islam, Ahmed appreciates post- modernism's broadening of the scholarly discourse on the one hand to ac- commodate a more tolerant and an objective study of Islam. With regatd to the non- Muslim trio of scholatship on Islam, Ahmed feels that while the hostile orientalkt persists and continues to feed the shallow stemtypical negative imptessionS of Islam, there is emerging a new non-Muslim western scholarship that wants to learn, is sympathetic, and can be nutaved via friendship with Muslims and their willingness to leam the nature of media and information.
    keywords: ahmed; book; chapter; culture; islam; islamic; media; muslim; west; world
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        item: #1317 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2478
      author: Voll, John Obert
       title: Ummah or Nation: Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society By Abdullah al-Ahsan. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation, 1992/1413, 158 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1047
      flesch: 47
     summary: Fundamental Islamic values coflsfitute an effective basis for a su- preme urnrnatic loyalty in the contempomry world that would include national identity within a hietatchy of other secular identities. New conceptualiza- tions view national identities as products of individual and gmup world- views and petceptions.
    keywords: ahsan; identity
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        item: #1318 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2479
      author: Kamali, Mohammad H.
       title: Structural Characteristics of Islamic Penal Law: By Hedeaki Homma. Niigata, Japan: International University of Japan, 1986, 104 pp. (Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, Working Paper Series No. 6).
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1229
      flesch: 51
     summary: Western law is largely reflective of Eu- topean history, religion, and culture and differs widely from Islamic law. But, he adds, all punishment in itself constitutes an evil in Islamic law, a fact that can be seen clearly with regard to the mote severe prescribed punishments, which are restricted both in number and in the higher standards of proof req- for their subsequent enforcement (p. 81).
    keywords: homma; islamic; law
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        item: #1319 of 2426
          id: ajiss-248
      author: Ismail, Norbani B.
       title: Female Preachers and the Public Discourse on Islam in Malaysia
        date: 2016.0
       words: 10862
      flesch: 52
     summary: This senti- ment was echoed by another preacher who believed that she benefits women because “we (women) need women preachers rather than men (preachers), … because they (men) don’t face what we are facing – health problems, how to manage the house, how to manage the children. Jeanette S. Jouili and Schirin Amir-Moazami’s study on women’s reli- gious activism in Germany and France has shown that Muslim women gain their interpretive authority through their own knowledge and training.5 In fact, these three women’s possession and subsequent diffusing of authoritative knowledge, not to mention their authority and leadership in religious knowl- edge, conferred the necessary power upon them.
    keywords: activism; authority; bahyah; discourse; god; hayati; islam; islamic; ismail; journal; knowledge; malaysia; muslim; preachers; preaching; prophet; public; qur’an; social; society; state; studies; women
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        item: #1320 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2480
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: Four Works on Women in Islam: Al Mar'ah al Muslimah fi Tunis bayna Tawjihat al Qur'an wa Waqi' al Mujtama' al Tunisi By Rashid al Ghanushi. Kuwait: Dar al Qalam, 1988.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1625
      flesch: 58
     summary: He decries reductionism and litemlists and criticizes severely some legal opinions on social life and women; b) the high status and achievements of Muslim women in history and how these prior accomplishments connect them with modem life. While discussing one issue, he fell into the trap of analytical reaction to restrictive opinions, for he stated it is considered for Muslim women that wearing extemal adornment, in most of her cir- cumstances, is a shar'i requirement (wujib) ( vol. 4:253).
    keywords: book; islamic; women
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        item: #1321 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2481
      author: al Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Fourth International Islamic Economics Seminar: Inaugural Address
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1158
      flesch: 46
     summary: Semjnars, Conferences, Addresses 555 Such superficial approach, with all of its related elements, is a key factor in the failure of Third World development. Those in charge of the development programs should aim at increasing agricultural production so that self-sufficiency can be achieved, rather than concerning themselves with plans that do not make use of the energy of Third World populations.
    keywords: development; society; world
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        item: #1322 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2482
      author: bin Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Sarji
       title: Jihad: The Struggle for Peace and Justice
        date: 1993.0
       words: 2676
      flesch: 59
     summary: Islam's view is that the purpose of peace agreements concluded be- tween our Muslim brothers and sistes who are presently at war with their advetsaries is not to perpetuate a state of conquest by keeping the de- feated party in a state of constant deprivation and humiliation, but rather to establish the form of justice that God decrees equally for enemies and friends: . . . Everyone has to do his or her part to achieve world peace through a world order devoid of double standards, biased decisions, and injustice.
    keywords: allah; jihad; justice; peace; struggle; war; world
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        item: #1323 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2483
      author: Prince of Wales, Charles,
       title: Islam and the West
        date: 1993.0
       words: 4831
      flesch: 60
     summary: Another obvious Western prejudice is to judge the position of women in Islamic society by the extreme cases. For example, we have under- estimated the importance of the eight hundred years of Islamic society and culture in Spain between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries.
    keywords: britain; europe; gentlemen; islamic; life; muslim; society; way; west; women; world
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        item: #1324 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2484
      author: Sadiq, Yushau
       title: Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies: 11-12 Ramadan 1413/5 -6 March 1993 Georgetown University, Washington, DC
        date: 1993.0
       words: 906
      flesch: 54
     summary: Yushau Sodiq (exas Christian University, Forth Worth, TX) ana- lyzed Muslim-Christian relations in Nigeria. Theodore P. Wright, Jr. (State University of New York, Albany, NY) informed the audience about the causes and impact of the religious conflict surtounding India's Babri Masjid.
    keywords: islam; muslim; university; world
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        item: #1325 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2485
      author: Ismail, Sha'ban Muftah
       title: Islam and Its Worldview: An American Perception 30 Safar - 1 Rabi' al Awwal/19 -20 August 1993 Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
        date: 1993.0
       words: 573
      flesch: 37
     summary: Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 573 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Islam and Its W orldview: An American Perception 30 $afar - 1 Rabi al Awwal I 19 - 20 August 1993 Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia This seminar, sponsored jointly by the Institute of Islamic Under­ standing, Malaysia, and the Malaysian-American Com.mission of Educa­ tional Exchange, consisted of four sessions and the presentation of seven 574 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 104 researeh p a p . Osman Bakar (UnivetSity of Malaya, Kuala b p u r ) spoke on a major western misperception of Islam: its spread by the sword.
    keywords: islam; islamic; malaysia
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        item: #1326 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2486
      author: Mattson, Ingrid
       title: Islamic Law and Religion: 7 - 8 Rabi' al Akhir 1414 / 24 - 25 September 1993 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1630
      flesch: 52
     summary: Bernard Weiss (Univesity of Utah) discussed the usage of the terms isti&-’ and taqlid in the theoretical treatise of Sayf a1 Din a1 ‘ h i & . On the surface, a1 Wansharisi’s fatwa appears to involve elements of taqlid: he cites no proof from Qur’an or hadith, but bases his argument on the opinions of two major medieval jurists and other legal cases.
    keywords: jurists; law; taqlid; university
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        item: #1327 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2487
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1288
      flesch: 51
     summary: He also emphasizes the need to structure Islamic science as a formal academic course to be taught at the undergraduate and gtadu- ate levels. M. Hashim Kamali inquires into the definition of b q q and looks into some of its aspects that have become the subject of controvemy, especially in the works of western commentaton on Islamic law.
    keywords: american; conference; islamic; muslims; webb
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        item: #1328 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2488
      author: Husain, Sirajul
       title: Islamic Science: The Making of a Formal Intellectual Discipline
        date: 1993.0
       words: 2789
      flesch: 41
     summary: Science admits and thrives on purely abstract notions (i.e., entropy and infinity), in the absence of which the entire edifice of science would collapse instantly. The need to develop Islamic science also arises from the fact that most modem scientists are known to be secular, as they have consciously evaded the issue of the existence of a Creator.
    keywords: concept; creator; field; islamic; knowledge; modem; science; sense
       cache: ajiss-2488.pdf
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        item: #1329 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2489
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Selected Major Issues in Instructional/Communication Technology: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5607
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, it is important to remember that the bene- fits of modem instructional media far outweigh the disadvantages. By extension, instructional technology (IT) means all tools at our disposal for facilitating learning.
    keywords: communication; development; education; humanity; instructional; islamic; issues; media; medium; message; muslim; social; technology; values; view
       cache: ajiss-2489.pdf
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        item: #1330 of 2426
          id: ajiss-249
      author: Mabrouk, Ahmed
       title: A Model-based Semantic Network for Smart Representation and the Inference of Islamic Law
        date: 2017.0
       words: 11134
      flesch: 57
     summary: Mustafa al-Khun, Athar al-Ikhtilāf fī al-Qawā‘id al-Uṣūlīyah fī Ikhtilāf al- Fuqahā’ (Beirut: Mu’assassat al-Risalah, 1989). A relationship between two nodes is mapped into a concept taken from uṣūl al-fiqh.
    keywords: acts; base; case; cells; elements; engine; example; fiqh; intelligence; islamic; knowledge; model; network; representation; rules; rulings; semantic; system; worship
       cache: ajiss-249.pdf
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        item: #1331 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2490
      author: Jafari, Mumtaz F.
       title: Counseling Values and Objectives: A Comparison of Western and Islamic Perspectives
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5564
      flesch: 52
     summary: Unlike western counseling, Islamic counseling is based upon commonly held ideological belids and value systems and is therefore unived. Jafari: Counseling Values and Objectives 327 to present an alternative framework for contemporary counseling based on Islamic teachings, although such a model might be long overdue.
    keywords: behavior; counseling; god; human; individual; islamic; life; new; objectives; self; social; society; spiritual; system; values
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        item: #1332 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2491
      author: Kamali, Mohammad H.
       title: Fundamental Rights of the Individual: An Analysis of Haqq (Right) in Islamic Law
        date: 1993.0
       words: 13022
      flesch: 62
     summary: The answers given are partly the outcome of my reflections based on nearly a decade of intermittent research on basic rights and liberties in Is- lamic law. In both instances, the purpose is to create basic rights and coms- ponding obligations.
    keywords: american; analysis; benefit; concept; definition; dignity; duties; duty; example; god; haqq; human; huqq; individual; islamic; justice; kamali; law; life; muslim; obligations; person; qur'an; right; ruling; shari'ah; social; values
       cache: ajiss-2491.pdf
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        item: #1333 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2492
      author: O'Brien, Peter
       title: Islam vs. Liberalism in Europe
        date: 1993.0
       words: 6185
      flesch: 58
     summary: Many Muslims forbid their children to go to public schools or force them to attend Qur’an schools where they unlearn what is taught in public classes (Imkens 1977). Such authors pre- scribe social programs designed to provide Muslims opportunities in housing, education, and employment equal to those enjoyed by Europeans (Hoffman-Nowotny and Hondrich 1982).
    keywords: american; beings; enlightenment; europe; european; islam; islamic; liberalism; migrants; muslims; reason; self; social; und; values; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2492.pdf
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        item: #1334 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2493
      author: Abu-Saud, Mahmoud
       title: The Methodology of the Islamic Behavioral Sciences
        date: 1993.0
       words: 6326
      flesch: 49
     summary: We can do this because the so- called Islamic behavioral sciences must necessarily have their origins in Islamic precepts (tushrz-) in the sense that their principles and laws must either be in accotd with or, at least, not be in violation of the Shari'ah. It is essential for those studying Islamic behavioral sciences to con- sider the science of wil as a starting point.
    keywords: behavioral; fiqh; islamic; knowledge; laws; methodology; muslim; principles; science; shari'ah; social; subject
       cache: ajiss-2493.pdf
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        item: #1335 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2494
      author: Vogel, Frank E.
       title: The Closing of the Door of Ijtihad and the Application of the Law
        date: 1993.0
       words: 2628
      flesch: 56
     summary: If this conception of qa&i’-so idealizing, individualistic, multi- farious, and unpredictable-were given full scope, Islamic legal systems would face great practical difficulty. Research Notes The Closing of the Door of Ijtihad and the Application of the Law' This panel's center of gravity is Islamic legal theory and doctrine, particularly USGZ alfiqh.
    keywords: door; fiqh; ijtihad; islamic; law; school; system
       cache: ajiss-2494.pdf
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        item: #1336 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2495
      author: Inc., The John Zogby Group International,
       title: American Attitudes towards Islam: A Nationwide Poll
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1847
      flesch: 63
     summary: It also means that a real window of opportunity exists both for American Muslims to better inte- grate themselves into American life and to be more visible. Almost half (49 percent) disagree that American Muslims should be allowed days off with pay for major Muslim holidays, while 24 percent agree, and 37 per- cent ate not sure.
    keywords: american; islam; muslims; percent; poll
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        item: #1337 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2496
      author: Basha, Ahmad F.
       title: Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality By Pervez Hoodbhoy. London: Zed Books, Ltd., 1991, 158 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1392
      flesch: 54
     summary: u s l y or otherwise, pl Ghadi 's positive views tawards methtmatics and natural sciences in particular. Those were bad times for the country in general, and academics in particular ... numerous charlatans and sycophants, responding to the regime's rhetoric of Islamization, had seized the reins of society and s et for themselves the task of Islamizing everything in sight, including science.
    keywords: book; hoodbhoy; islamic; science
       cache: ajiss-2496.pdf
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        item: #1338 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2497
      author: Ba-Yunus, Ilyas
       title: Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet By Karen Armstrong. San Francisco: Harper, 1992, 290 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1570
      flesch: 62
     summary: The main strength of the book lies in the fact that the author is not a run-of-the-mill orientalist With experience as a free-lance writer, com­ mentator, and television documentary producer, Armstrong does not avoid the themes so dear to European critics of the Prophet, but deals with them directly. From the very beginning, it is apparent that this book is written with an unsurpassed empathy and that it contains a degree of dismay and resentment that the truth about the Prophet and Islam has been compromised and hidden by ethnocentric European writers inspired either by the Christian church and its missionaries or modem secularism.
    keywords: experience; islam; prophet
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        item: #1339 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2498
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: Muslim Families in North America: By Earle H. Waugh, Sharon Mclrvin Abu-Luban, and Regula Burckhardt Qureshi (eds.). Calgary: The University of Alberta Press, 1991, 369 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5388
      flesch: 52
     summary: Waugh states that ethnicity is only an imperfect tool in uncovering the meanings of Muslim family life in North America (p. 91). This book discusses Muslim families as part of the plural- stic and ever-changjng social fabric of the United States and Canada.
    keywords: american; book; chapter; community; family; identity; islamic; marriage; muslim; north; social; study; time
       cache: ajiss-2498.pdf
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        item: #1340 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2499
      author: Mohamad, Mahathir
       title: Towards the Twenty First Century: Islam and Vision 2020 15 Muharram 1413/ 3 July 1992 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
        date: 1993.0
       words: 2007
      flesch: 64
     summary: An Islamic administration must ensure that its nation achieves rapid development so that it can compete with the de- veloped world Nevertheless, efforts to retain the moral stsmdards and high values demanded by Islam EIIE not to be neglected. First Century: Islam and Vision 2020 15 Muhaam 1413 I 3 July 1992 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Mahathir Mohamad I would like to thank the organizers for inviting me to the joint launching of the Institute of Islamic Understanding, Malaysia, and the opening ceremony of this congress.
    keywords: institute; islam; islamic; muslims
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        item: #1341 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2500
      author: Kucukcan, Talip
       title: Islam in Europe: Generation to Generation 12-14 Shawwal I 5-7 April 1993 St. Catherine's College and The School of Geography University or Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1308
      flesch: 40
     summary: Although one cannot make broad generalizations on recent trends, Nielson maintained that young Muslims in western Europe are disconnecting themselves from rural­traditional Islam and preferring a more intellectual interpretation of Islam. Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 431 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Islam in Europe: Generation to Generation 12 - 14 Shawwiil I 5-7 April 1993 SL Catherine's College and The School of Geography University or Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom This conference was opened by Jergen Nielsen (Centre for the Study of Islam and Muslim-Christian Relations, Selly Oak Colleges, Birming­ham, United Kingdom), who discussed Muslims in Europe into the Next Millennium.
    keywords: europe; islam; islamic; muslim; religious
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        item: #1342 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2501
      author: Akram, Muhammad
       title: The 203rd Third Meeting of the American Oriental Society: 25 -28 Shawwal 1413/ 18 - 21 April 1993 Chapel Bill, North Carolina
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1059
      flesch: 50
     summary: Richard M. Frank (Catholic University of America, Washington, DC) presented The Chron- ology of a1 Ghazdi's Writings, and was followed by Rosalind Gwynne (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN), who suggested, in her The Neglected Sunnah Sunnat Allah that, when pondering the possible al- teration of early textual referetlces to sunnah, if the original reference might have been to the sun& of God instead of to that of the Prophet or the community. The final session f e a t d Muhammad Akram (Villanova University, Villanova PA), who spoke on the attitude of American orientalists on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence.
    keywords: east; islamic; new; session; university
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        item: #1343 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2503
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1359
      flesch: 52
     summary: His passionate commitment to the reconstruction of Islamic thought, as well as his tireless involvement in writing, lecturing, and touring from country to country and from city to city, were a great inspiration to our young scholars. He urges firms to establish independent depart- ments in order to develop and institute plans, policies, and methods designed to ensure the application of Islamic teachings with respect to various commercial practices, particularly in the area of personnel and production management.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; science; social; thought
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        item: #1344 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2504
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Reflections into the Spirit of the Islamic Corpus of Knowledge and the Rise of the New Science
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5058
      flesch: 53
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102 From an Islamic perspective, human knowledge and science must incorporate a spiritual dimension. First, the goal of human knowledge and science must not be con- tined to the materialistic side of what is being studied-the nonmaterial- istic dimension
    keywords: capacity; divine; god; islamic; knowledge; scholars; science; scientists; spirit; spiritual; world
       cache: ajiss-2504.pdf
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        item: #1345 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2505
      author: Harding, Karen
       title: Causality Then and Now: Al Ghazali and Quantum Theory
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5818
      flesch: 65
     summary: Important similarities a seen in the role of causality in the natural world, the nature of physical objects, and the extent to which the behavior of objects is predictable. or To what extent is the behavior of physical objects predictable?
    keywords: ball; events; god; lead; objects; quantum; theory; world
       cache: ajiss-2505.pdf
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        item: #1346 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2506
      author: Kamali, Mohammad H.
       title: Freedom of Expression in Islam: An Analysis of Fitnah
        date: 1993.0
       words: 10164
      flesch: 63
     summary: Beirut: a1 Maktab a1 Isllm-, 1979. a1 ili, 'Abd a1 Hakim H. a1 Hurriydt a1 'Ammah.
    keywords: abii; cairo; community; corruption; expression; fitnah; freedom; god; government; ibid; ibn; ibn a1; imam; islam; islamic; kamali; kharijites; n.d; punishment; qayyim; qur’an; state
       cache: ajiss-2506.pdf
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        item: #1347 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2507
      author: Aziz, Abdul
       title: Firm Level Decisions and Human Resource Development in an Islamic Economy
        date: 1993.0
       words: 6964
      flesch: 60
     summary: This requires training production workers to make quality checks during the manufacturing process. Current statistics about worker health, even in the wealthy western nations, are very disappoint- ing.
    keywords: american; countries; development; firm; growth; human; islamic; journal; knowledge; muslim; people; policies; productivity; prophet; quality; resource; workers
       cache: ajiss-2507.pdf
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        item: #1348 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2508
      author: Ahmad, Waqar I.
       title: Religious Identity, Citizenship, and Welfare: The Case of Muslims in Britain
        date: 1993.0
       words: 6609
      flesch: 56
     summary: And in Britain, fol- lowing the Rushdie Affair and the Gulf War, British Muslim citizens have been challenged to demonstrate their Btitishess. Various state welfare agencies now base their assessment and provision of welfare to minority ethnic communities on their assessment of the claimant's immigration status and have thus be- come tools of state immigration control.
    keywords: britain; british; citizenship; communities; ethnic; health; identity; immigration; london; minority; muslim; needs; racism; rights; social; state; welfare
       cache: ajiss-2508.pdf
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        item: #1349 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2509
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Crisis of Thought and Ijtihad
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1920
      flesch: 55
     summary: Reflections The Crisis of Thought and Ijtihad Tdhi J. a1 'Alwdni The Muslim mind experienced a crisis of thought when, duting the early centuries of the Islamic eta, ijtihad began to be viewed as limited to legal matters rather than as a methodology for dealing with all aspects of life. However, this patticulari- zation of ijtihad confined the Muslim mind, and taqlid eventually led to the paralysis of its creative abilities.
    keywords: fiqh; ijtihad; muslim; ummah
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        item: #1350 of 2426
          id: ajiss-251
      author: Adem, Seifudein
       title: The Master Synthesizer: Africanity and Islam in Ali Mazrui’s Scholarship
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2779
      flesch: 58
     summary: Wole Soyinka, “Remembering Ali Mazrui,” Transition 117 (2015): 193. 5. His most recent publications include Afrasia: A Tale of Two Continents and China's Diplomacy in Eastern and Southern Africa. ideas while all the time maintaining the highest degree of humility, respect for fellow human beings, and an unflagging commitment to justice.3 Wole Soyinka, the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature and Mazrui’s erstwhile intellectual adversary, also wrote warmly, albeit after Mazrui’s death, about “the intellectual industry of scholars such as Ali Mazrui.”
    keywords: african; ali; islam; islamic; mazrui; university
       cache: ajiss-251.pdf
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        item: #1351 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2510
      author: Agwan, A. R.
       title: Towards an Ecological Consciousness
        date: 1993.0
       words: 4630
      flesch: 51
     summary: Since the phenomenon of desire is intrinsic to human nature, human beings should learn that the reason for all mis- eries (dhukh) is insatiable desire (trishna). The selfish motive of human behavior prevents human beings from seeing the world in a Felational petspective wherein humans is obliged to practice recipro- city, a central tenet of Confucianism.
    keywords: balance; beings; creation; crisis; development; environmental; god; humanity; life; nature; new; world
       cache: ajiss-2510.pdf
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        item: #1352 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2511
      author: Butterworth, Charles
       title: Revelation and Political Philosophy: What Is Islamization of Knowledge?
        date: 1993.0
       words: 641
      flesch: 42
     summary: This is a work in progress presentation based on mearch I am now conducting about the development of Islamic political philosophy during the classical period of Islam. Those who developed Islamic political philosophy spoke directly to this issue and did so in a manner that merits the attention of contemporary Muslim activists, schol- ars interested in Islam, and thoughtful human beings in general.
    keywords: islamic; philosophy
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        item: #1353 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2512
      author: Arif, Kokab
       title: Islam in History: By Malek Bennabi (translated from French and annotated by Asma Rashid). Islamabad: Islamic Research Institute Press, 1988, 110 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 988
      flesch: 54
     summary: In his struggle to come to grips with Muslim inaction and impotence, he says that the post-a1 Muw&d Muslim is the victim of a deadly syl- logism: We are Muslim, therefore we are perfect (p. 44). Using a sociological base, he focuses on the behavior of the indi­ vidual in Muslim society.
    keywords: bennabi; muslim; post; ummah
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        item: #1354 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2513
      author: Siddiqi, Akhtar
       title: Islam and Ecology: By Fazlun Khalid and Joanne O'Brien (eds.). London: Cassell Publishers Ltd., 1992, 111 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1468
      flesch: 57
     summary: The book is valuable because it is based on scientific knowledge and Islamic principles. Islamic land laws and the role of animals and plants as natural nsowes are also mentioned.
    keywords: book; chapter; humanity; islam
       cache: ajiss-2513.pdf
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        item: #1355 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2514
      author: Ali, Hassan E.
       title: Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Inquiry By Bernard Lewis. New York: Oxford University Press. 1990, 169 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 575
      flesch: 59
     summary: The main theme of the book, as Lewis states clearly in his concluding remarks, is that Islam's total racial hannony and ilUlocence is a myth created, maintained, and idealized by westerners as a rebuke to the ac­ tions of the white man in the Americas and South Africa. In his analysis, Lewis tries lo distinguish between three distinct mean­ ings of Islam:
    keywords: islam; islamic
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        item: #1356 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2515
      author: Yousif, Ahmad
       title: Islamic Values in the United States: A Comparative Study By Yvonne Yazbek Haddad and Adair T. Lummis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, 196 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1543
      flesch: 54
     summary: While many Muslims view the Qur'an and Sunnah as the criterion of truth, the lack of a knowledgeable leadership among Muslims in the United States has caused an individualistic interpretation of Islamic law. If it is true that Islam is a religion for all times, all people, and all places, then how is it that in 1993 there is an Islam especially for Muslims living in the United States, one based on values similar to American values and supported and promoted by the United States as a more “moderate” Islam?
    keywords: islamic; muslims; states; united
       cache: ajiss-2515.pdf
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        item: #1357 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2516
      author: El-Mandjra, Mahdi
       title: Symposium on the Futures of the Islamic World: Algiers, Algeria 8-11 Shawwal 1410 / 4-7 May 1990
        date: 1993.0
       words: 6537
      flesch: 60
     summary: Future studies are thriving in the industrialized nations, which account for 97 percent of all future studies expenditures, particularly in the fields of training, documentation, and scientific research and its applications. Future studies are not a science in themselves, although they make use of exact and social sciences.
    keywords: countries; development; future; islamic; muslim; percent; population; social; society; south; studies; women; world
       cache: ajiss-2516.pdf
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        item: #1358 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2517
      author: Ahmad, Waqar
       title: Islam in a Changing Europe: Cultural Identity, Citizenship, and Social Policy 11-13 Rabi' al Awwal 1413 / 9-11 September 1992 University of Bradford Management Centre Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
        date: 1993.0
       words: 969
      flesch: 43
     summary: The focus on Islam was not intended to suggest that the consequences of ongoing 276 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102 events in Europe for other minorities were insignificant, but that Islam- being on the front line, as it were-could be treated as a metaphor for the serious predicament of all minorities in a changing Europe. Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Islam in a Changing Europe: Cultural Identity, Citizenship, and Social Policy 11-13 Rabf' al Awwal 1413 I 9-11 September 1992 University of Bradford Management Centre Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom 275 The conference Islam in a Changing Europe was held amid growing concern about the future of Islamic and other minority conununities in Europe.
    keywords: europe; european; islam; social
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        item: #1359 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2518
      author: Altalib, Omar
       title: A Report on the International Seminar on Religions and Contemporary Development: 25-28 Rabi' al Awwal 1413 / 23-26 September 1992 Ambarrukmo Palace Hotel, Jogjakarta, Java, Indonesia
        date: 1993.0
       words: 986
      flesch: 40
     summary: He argued that contemporary world developments have led to mental instability. Bert Breiner (Selly Oak College, Birmingham, UK), speaking on the same is.5ue, said that religious groups in western Europe have tended to accept the dominant epistemology of scientific empirical objectivity: The major problem of religion in contemporary Europe is the question of revelation.
    keywords: contemporary; indonesia; islamic; religion
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        item: #1360 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2519
      author: Dangor, Suleman
       title: The Attitude of Muslim Scholars to New Approaches in Religious Studies
        date: 1993.0
       words: 2623
      flesch: 55
     summary: The essential distinction between the approaches of contemporary western scholars of Islam and those of Muslim scholars can be attributed to their respective goals. For Muslim scholars, the purpose is not only to produce graduates well-versed in various aspects of Muslim history, cultwe, and civilization, but also to equip them to tackle or solve contemporary problems facing Muslim societies (Sardar 1983).
    keywords: approach; islam; islamic; muslim; religion; scholars; social; study
       cache: ajiss-2519.pdf
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        item: #1361 of 2426
          id: ajiss-252
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Mapping Mazrui’s Mind: Assessing the Mazruiana through a Bibliometric Lens
        date: 2016.0
       words: 9922
      flesch: 53
     summary: Sulayman Nyang, Ali Mazrui: The Man and His Works (Brunswick, ME: Brunswick Publishing Co., 1981) and Adem, Global African and Universal Muslim are serious reflections on Mazrui’s life as a scholar. Mapping Mazrui’s Mind: Assessing the Mazruiana through a Bibliometric Lens Muhammed Haron Abstract Ali Mazrui has left his enormous intellectual footprint in political science in general and African studies in particular.
    keywords: academic; african; articles; bemath; book; journal; knowledge; mazrui; mazruiana; output; production; scholar; scholarship; social; studies; university; writing
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        item: #1362 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2520
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1476
      flesch: 48
     summary: He stresses the following points: a) The centrality of Islam in Malcolm X’s message; b) the role of Islam as a method of analysis and instrument of change; c) the significance of Islam as a vehicle of political mobilization; d) Marcia (Mujahidah) K. Hermansen has surveyed for us the trends in Islamic studies in the United States and Canada since the 197Os, a period characterized by an extraordinary interest in Islam, Muslims, and the Muslim world.
    keywords: islamic; knowledge; malcolm; muslim; social
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        item: #1363 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2521
      author: Ragab, Ibrahim A.
       title: Islamic Perspectives on Theory Building in the Social Sciences
        date: 1993.0
       words: 9829
      flesch: 55
     summary: Islamic science is expected to detach itself from all those man-made formulations. Nasr (1988) did just this when he suggested that Islamic science should be based on the metaphysical and cosmological doctrines of certain se- lected outcast Sufis, whose ideas fall outside the mainstream of Islamic thought.
    keywords: american; aspects; building; humanity; islamic; journal; knowledge; method; new; paradigm; psychology; research; science; scientists; social; theories; theory; world
       cache: ajiss-2521.pdf
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        item: #1364 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2522
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: The Quest for an Islamic Methodology: The Islamization of Knowledge Project in Its Second Decade
        date: 1993.0
       words: 9629
      flesch: 45
     summary: As the purpose of this analysis is not a comprehensive critique of Umziyiin's work but rather to emphasize the point that a truly Islamized knowledge presupposes the emergence of a mature and sophisticated methodology, I will discuss only one of the concepts considered by Umziyiin as part of Islamic social science: social inequality. In an article that ap- peared shortly after his death, Rahman (1988), while agreeing that much of ConLemporary knowledge reflects a Western ethos, contended strongly that one cannot devise a methodology or detail a strategy for achieving Islamic knowledge.
    keywords: american; concepts; human; ibid; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; methodology; methods; modem; muslim; principles; revelation; scholars; science; social
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        item: #1365 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2523
      author: Karbal, Mohamed
       title: Western Scholarship and the Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5451
      flesch: 50
     summary: An entire chap- ter, “Neo-Islamic Totalitarianism,” focuses on Islamic movements, which he considers one of several backward-looking manifestations of the social and psychological frustrations facing modernization in the Middle East. Members of Islamic movements have always rejected the ideas that a movement leader should have absolute authotity or be worshipped Rather, a leader is subject to criticism if he does not take the advice and suggestion of his followers.
    keywords: approach; islamic; issue; movements; muslim; oil; resurgence; scholars; social; society; study; world
       cache: ajiss-2523.pdf
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        item: #1366 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2524
      author: Rashid, Samory
       title: Islamic Aspects of the Legacy of Malcolm X
        date: 1993.0
       words: 5382
      flesch: 57
     summary: In conclusion, the Islamic aspects of Malcolm X’s legacy provide a compelling though long-ignored perspective on his life. Islamic Aspects of the Legacy of Malcolm X Samory Rashid Spike Lee's 1992 film, 'Malcolm X, is the most recent evidence of the increased popularity of Malcolm X (El Ha j Malik El Shabazz).
    keywords: american; black; islam; islamic; legacy; life; malcolm; malcolm x; muslim; nation; new; york
       cache: ajiss-2524.pdf
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        item: #1367 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2525
      author: Ebrahim, Muhammed-Shahid
       title: Mortgage Financing for Muslim Americans
        date: 1993.0
       words: 4729
      flesch: 66
     summary: For individuals and closeIy held corporations, the act limited pas- Ebrahim and Hasan: Mortgage Financing I5 Section two provides a mathematical model for an equity participating mortgage, the solution of which shows that this mortgage expands the pool of real estate investors to include those with nontaxable income. If pension fund in- vestment decisions take taxes into account it becomes more diffi- cult to justify real estate investment by pension funds, regardless of fund size or plan type.
    keywords: estate; interest; investment; investor; journal; mortgage; solution; tax; time
       cache: ajiss-2525.pdf
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        item: #1368 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2526
      author: Hashmi, Sohail H.
       title: Toward an Islamic Ethics of International Relations: A Research Agenda
        date: 1993.0
       words: 3858
      flesch: 38
     summary: Thus an exploration of Muslim conceptions of the legitimate or just inter- national order must be the first part of any study of Islamic ethics in international relations. Research Notes Toward an Islamic Ethics of International Relations: A Research Agenda This study is an examination of the tole of ethical imperatives and const&ts in the realm of international relations from the perspective of classical and modern Islamic theory.
    keywords: ethics; islamic; muslim; nation; relations; state; theory; war; world
       cache: ajiss-2526.pdf
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        item: #1369 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2527
      author: Hermansen, Marcia K.
       title: Trends in Islamic Studies in the United States and Canada since the 1970s
        date: 1993.0
       words: 12317
      flesch: 51
     summary: This, together with the recent concern of the American Academy of Religion over revitalizing and supporting its Islamicist con- tingent, are indications of a coming of age of Islamic studies within the field of religious studies. Most Islamic studies positions are found within departments of religious studies and in area studies centers, al- though within the latter they are not generally taught by scholars whose training had a major emphasis on studies of the Islamic religion.
    keywords: american; approaches; articles; cambridge; example; field; history; islamic; journal; muslim; new; number; oxford; press; qur’an; religion; scholars; scholarship; social; studies; study; suny; thought; tradition; understanding; university; university press; york
       cache: ajiss-2527.pdf
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        item: #1370 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2528
      author: Grimm, Fatima
       title: Der Islam als Alternative: By Murad Hoffmann. Munich: Eugen Diederichs Verlag, 1992, 214 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1315
      flesch: 56
     summary: When writing about the much-disputed veil for Muslim women, he lets European women who regard this way as dressing as binding, speak These women are unanimous in their opinion that Western women have become sex objects due to the progressive trend of denudation and exposure to the unceasing pressure to dress more and more at- tractively. (p. 101) Women in Society: The author admits that there is no smoke without fire and that, despite the fact that Muslim women were granted rights fourteen centuries ago-rights which, incidentally, women in other parts of the world were still fighting for at the turn of the twentieth century-theory is widely at variance with practice when it comes to Muslim male-female relationships.
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslim; women
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        item: #1371 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2529
      author: Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza
       title: The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? By John L Esposito. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, ix + 243 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1682
      flesch: 50
     summary: Islam as a world civili- zation has been reduced to Islamic fundamentalism, and even then the West has preferred to cling to political slogans rather than grapple with complex sociopolitical pmesses in undetstanding the theoretical and political chal- lenge of Islamic movements. He places the attitude of Islamic movements towards the West in the context of the Muslim experience Book Reviews 123 with sociopolitical change and Western attitudes towards Islam.
    keywords: islam; islamic; movements; muslim; west
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        item: #1372 of 2426
          id: ajiss-253
      author: Salem, Ahmed Ali
       title: Localizing Islam in the West: Mazrui’s Journey from the Study of African Politics to Global Cultures
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7463
      flesch: 48
     summary: Ali A. Mazrui, “African Islam and Islam in Africa: Between Exceptionalism and Marginality,” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 26, no. 3 (sum- mer 2009): iii-iv. 22. Ali A. Mazrui, African Islam and Islam in Africa, ii-iii. 54.
    keywords: a. mazrui; africa; ali; ali a.; american; islam; islamic; journal; mazrui; muslim; politics; sciences; social; studies; university; west; world
       cache: ajiss-253.pdf
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        item: #1373 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2530
      author: Farooqui, Jamil
       title: Sociology in Iran: By Ali Akbar Mahdi and Abdolali Lahsaeizadeh. Bethesda, MD: Jahan Book Co., 1992, 141 pp.
        date: 1993.0
       words: 987
      flesch: 46
     summary: The themes discussed above clearly indicate that Iranian sociologists have struggled to develop indigenous sociological thought in order to understand social issues and analyze human actions in their own sociocultural setting. It highlights the issues with which they dealt, because later on, such issues became the subject matter of Western social thinking.
    keywords: book; social; sociology
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        item: #1374 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2531
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Problem of Bias: An Epistemological Approach and Call for Ijtihad 15-17 Sha'ban 1412 / 19-21 February 1992 Cairo, Egypt
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1284
      flesch: 44
     summary: Thus the West's claim to universality amounts to little more than an attempt to wast the entire world in its own image by immersing it in Western culture and civilization, pouring them into the hearts and minds of all people by every means possible. Even though it is inconceivable that these efforts will lead anywhere, given the exclusionistic nature of Western culture itself, it is essential that the Is- lamic consciousness be directed towards the need to reconsider it and its epistemological values.
    keywords: culture; knowledge; west
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        item: #1375 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2532
      author: Al-A'ali, Ebtihaj
       title: Conference on Knowledge across Cultures: Universities East and West 9 -12 Rabi' al Akhir 1413 / 7-10 October 1992 Toronto, Canada
        date: 1993.0
       words: 766
      flesch: 45
     summary: Knowledge based on these views is partial and thus does not con- ceive of human knowledge as based on complementary underpinnings. Though Abdul Rahman explained the need to view human knowledge on a holistic and complementary 132 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 10:1 basis, the conference concluded without illustrating an attempt to put the papers into one stream of knowledge: human knowledge.
    keywords: cultures; knowledge
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        item: #1376 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2533
      author: Roald, Anne Sofie
       title: The Scandinavian Conference on Middle East Studies: 24 -27 Rabi al Akhir 1413 / 22-25 October 1992 Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
        date: 1993.0
       words: 1241
      flesch: 50
     summary: This reductionistic methodology cannot be satisfac- tory for the study of Islamic concepts or phenomena. His conclusion was that this party had to be regarded within the framework of Islamic movements (ul hurukdt ul Isldm@ah).
    keywords: east; islamic; middle; studies
       cache: ajiss-2533.pdf
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        item: #1377 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2534
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: An Exploration into the Nature of the Making of Human and Artifcial Intelligence and the Qur’anic Persepctive
        date: 1992.0
       words: 6903
      flesch: 54
     summary: The concepts of human cultural symbols and the Qur’anic vision of human intelligence are intduced in support of this thesis. Some researchers believe that artifi- cial intelligence has the potential to become equal to or even superior to human intelligence, while others say that such a development is impos- sible.
    keywords: beings; brain; cultural; culture; human; humanity; intelligence; language; machines; mind; social; symbols; thinking
       cache: ajiss-2534.pdf
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        item: #1378 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2536
      author: Faruqi, Muhammad Y.
       title: Consideration of ‘Urf in the Judgments of the Khulafa' al Rashidun and the Early Fuqaha
        date: 1992.0
       words: 7500
      flesch: 69
     summary: (Beirut: al Maktab a1 &mi, ad.), 310. (Cairo: al M u ’ d al MiSrfyah al
    keywords: abii; cairo; consideration; custom; example; ibid; ibn; islamic; law; people; practice; social; umar; urf; vol
       cache: ajiss-2536.pdf
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        item: #1379 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2537
      author: Rahman, Mawdudur; Al-Buraey, Muhammad
       title: An Islamic Perspective of Organizational Controls and Performance Evaluation
        date: 1992.0
       words: 5709
      flesch: 50
     summary: A person brmgs hk/her religious beliefs and values to the work place, although they are not formally discussed or considered relevant to organizational controls. In fact, if the principles of the Shari‘ah are used, it will become apparent that there is a systematic link between the different aspects and factors of organizational control.
    keywords: appraisal; control; criteria; evaluation; god; individual; islamic; level; motivation; organization; performance; qur’an; social; sunnah; system
       cache: ajiss-2537.pdf
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        item: #1380 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2538
      author: Haniff, Ghulam M.
       title: Muslim Development at Risk: The Crisis of Human Resources
        date: 1992.0
       words: 6526
      flesch: 46
     summary: Given the above, it is not hard to imagine the plight of Muslim human resources. Regardless of the definitions chosen, the conceptual frameworks adopted, or the analytical schemes utilized, many social analysts would agree that, even after decades of struggle for national development and modernization, the state of underdevelopment in Muslim countries has not changed significantly.'
    keywords: countries; data; development; education; human; modernization; muslim; nations; new; people; percent; resources; social; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2538.pdf
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        item: #1381 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2539
      author: Yousif, Ahmad F.
       title: Muslims in the Canadian Mosaic
        date: 1992.0
       words: 5086
      flesch: 49
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:4 maintenance of Islamic identity within non-Islamic societies, this study represents a pioneer effort in the field and will contribute to providing a greater understanding of the Muslim community within Canada's multi- cultural mosaic. In light of these values, which are an essential part of Islamic identity, the following question arises: Do Muslims choose to be acculturated and as- similated, or do they prefer to maintain their traditions and customs as much as possible?
    keywords: canada; cncr; community; group; identity; islamic; muslim; ottawa; religion; social; society
       cache: ajiss-2539.pdf
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        item: #1382 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2540
      author: Ahmad, Imtiaz Uddin
       title: Islam and the Economic Challenge: By M. Umer Chapra. Leicester, UK: The Islamic Foundation and IIIT, 1992, 428 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 4319
      flesch: 41
     summary: Furthermore, once such a threshold for a permissible level of wealth is established, economic policies of taxation, appropriation with compen- sation, or nationalization would have to be applied to maintain this arbi- trarily defined level of wealth concentration. In their attempt to design specific economic policies to remove or reduce the concentration of wealth, Islamic policymakers will have to resolve the problem of defining the term concentration.
    keywords: chapra; countries; equity; islamic; policies; policy; social; state; systems; term
       cache: ajiss-2540.pdf
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        item: #1383 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2541
      author: Ahsani, S. A.H.
       title: The State of Research on Islamic Spain
        date: 1992.0
       words: 2720
      flesch: 58
     summary: In fact, Islamic Spain, known to the Muslim world as a1 Andalus, served as a bridge for the transfer of the knowledge and wisdom of Classical Greece to Europe, a process that eventually led to the European Renaissance. The achievements of a1 Andalus will not be discussed in this paper.
    keywords: andalus; history; islamic; muslim; scholars; spain; studies; university
       cache: ajiss-2541.pdf
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        item: #1384 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2542
      author: Atiyyah, Hani M.
       title: The Contemporary Islamic Revival: A Critical Survey and Bibliography By Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1991, 230 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1682
      flesch: 45
     summary: Three types of conceptual developments experienced by Islamic revivalist movements in the contempomy world are discussed: a) traditional concepts used by contempomy Islamic re- vivalism, viz., tujda (regeneration), t m r (condemnation), and jihikf (striving); b) tmnsfonnation of older concepts into terms of special sig- nificance in the modem context, viz., jihih>ah (ignorance) and tawlzfd (oneness of God); and c) the development of new concepts arising out of certain conditions, viz., dimuqri@wh (democracy) and wzilqah (Is- lamic fundamentalism). The three introductory chapters give an overview of contemporary Islamic revivalist movements from some- what different perspectives and address many critical issues that are dif- ficult to deal with adequately in just three chaptets.
    keywords: bibliography; chapter; islamic; literature; movements
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        item: #1385 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2543
      author: Perry, Glenn E.
       title: Nationalism and Internationalism in Liberalism, Marxism and Islam: By Tahir Amin. Islamabad: IIIT, 1991. xxxii + 106 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1445
      flesch: 43
     summary: In this case, Amin might have found even more basis for the scant regard for Islamic internationalism (p. 72), since the early inclu- sion of an Islamic circle in the Egyptian leader's identification of his country's role in the world tended to make way for a stress on participa- tion, alongside India and Yugoslavia, in the Nonaligned Movement. But at many points the analysis should be ex- panded Some assertions need to be substantiated, such as his statement that the Pan-Islamic professions [of Iran's Islamic Revolution] were gra- dually overshadowed by the narrow sectarianism which became an in- creasingly conspicuous factor in shaping its policies (p. 6).
    keywords: amin; islamic; modernization
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        item: #1386 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2544
      author: Khawaja, Mabel
       title: Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: The Roots of Orientalism in America By Fuad Sha'ban. Durham, N.C.: The Acorn Press, 1991, 244 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1667
      flesch: 48
     summary: The introduction to this book credits the author with clarifying the operative attitudes of Americans towards Islam by looking at the cause and result of the Muslim image in American literature. It appears that their unsym- pathetic images in English literature (i.e., The Merchant of Venice's Shy- lock) were no longer reflected in American literature.
    keywords: american; book; chapter; east; islam
       cache: ajiss-2544.pdf
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        item: #1387 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2545
      author: Benaboud, M’hammad
       title: Islam and the West: The Moriscos, a Cultural and Social History By Anwar G. Chejne. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983, 248 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1093
      flesch: 54
     summary: For example, he expressed his opinion of the state of the Moriscos with eloquence: The Morisco, like his Mudejar ancestors, witnessed abrupt and shattering change within a lifetime. He sometimes relies on a meticulous textual analysis, as in the section entitled ”Morisco Polemics: Aljamiado Manu- script BNM4944” (pp. 85-95).
    keywords: book; chejne; moriscos
       cache: ajiss-2545.pdf
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        item: #1388 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2546
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Islamic Lunar Calendar as a Civilizational Imperative: 29 Rabi' al Awai - 1 Rabi' al Akhir/8-10 October 1991 Penang, Malaysia
        date: 1992.0
       words: 3180
      flesch: 60
     summary: Both al Bu&- and al TirmidhT related it from Abii Huray- rah, while al N&’i reW it from Ibn ‘AbbL and al Tabarm- related it from a1 Fkur5’ (Cairo: Maktabat Ibn Tay-yah, 1407 AH), 13-4. ?he mujrahid Taqiy al Din al Subki (d. 756 AH) wrote in hisfbtCTwCT that if astro- nomical calculations precluded the possibility of moonsighting, the qcs&-must reject the testimony of all witnesses.
    keywords: calendar; hadith; lunar; means; muslims; sighting; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2546.pdf
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        item: #1389 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2547
      author: Ahmad, Ehsan
       title: Summary of the Proceedings of the Fourth International Economics Seminar: World Bank, Washington, DC 13-14 Dhu al Qa'dah 1412/ 16-17 May 1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 657
      flesch: 28
     summary: Ataul Haq Pramanik (International Islamic University, Selangor, Ma- laysia), in his paper ”Human Development in the Context of Some Resource-Rich Education-Poor, Education-Rich Resource-Poor Develop- ing Counties,” pointed out that no nation regardless of its successes in human development, can be completely successful without ethical, moral, and spiritual considerations. The program was divided into five sessions: a) Human Resource Development in an Islamic Perspective; b) Human Resource Development in a Comparative Perspective; c) Issues in Human Resource Development:
    keywords: development; islamic; resource
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        item: #1390 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2548
      author: Rajah, Ibrahim
       title: International Conference on Social Development and Social Work Education: Catholic University of America, Washington, DC Muharram 15-19/July 13-19, 1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 783
      flesch: 34
     summary: They also dealt with many di- verse fields of social work practice, for example, from family and child welfare to rural and urban community development. One of the major issues that loomed large throughout the delibera- tions of the two conferences was the place of values in social work and social development.
    keywords: development; social; work
       cache: ajiss-2548.pdf
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        item: #1391 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2549
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf
       title: Proceedings of the Fiqh Council of North America: Kansas City, Missouri Rabi' al Awwal 6-7, 1413/September 4-5, 1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1183
      flesch: 64
     summary: Yusuf Debtenzo Secretary, Fiqh Council of North America Hemdon, Virginia The taking of family names by orphans.
    keywords: council; islamic; muslims; women
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        item: #1392 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2551
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1508
      flesch: 49
     summary: Mohamed S. Fakir sets out to propose a methodology for the study of the history of Islamic science. He argues that narrative history and the logic of discovery are not adequate when one is trying to identify those key factors that have influenced the tradition of Islamic science.
    keywords: islamic; issue; knowledge; science; social
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        item: #1393 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2552
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: The Cultural-Symbolic Soul: An Islamically Inspired Research Concept for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
        date: 1992.0
       words: 6618
      flesch: 39
     summary: The Cultural-Symbolic Soul: An Islamically Inspired Research Concept for the Behavioral and Social Sciences This study deals with the nature of human cultural symbols such as language, thought, religious beliefs, knowledge, cultural norms and values, and science. The following analysis of human cultural symbols is inspired greatly by Islamic epistemology.
    keywords: behavior; concept; human; humanity; individual; islamic; nature; sciences; social; soul; spiritual; symbolic; symbols
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        item: #1394 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2553
      author: Faruqi, Muhammad Y.
       title: The Development of Ijma': The Practices of the Khulafa 'al Rashidun and the Views of the Classical Fuqaha'
        date: 1992.0
       words: 7495
      flesch: 71
     summary: llMfiammad ibn IsG‘il al Bukhiri, a1 JCmi ‘ a1 %ih (Cairo: Dir wa MaGbi‘ al Sha‘b, n.d.), vol. 1, part 2, 131; Muhammad ibn +ad al Ap-, ‘Umdat a1 QCri’ (Beirut: Dir @yi’ al Turith al ‘Arqbi, n.d.), vol. 8,243-6; ‘Miibn Muhammad al M Their oft-repeated references to the agreed- ibn ‘Mi, Musnad Zayd ibn Ali (Beirut: Dir al Kutub al ‘Ilnniyah, M3/1983), 261.
    keywords: abii; authority; cairo; companions; consensus; hadith; ibn; ijmii; jurists; majority; people; prophet; sunnah; ummah; vol
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        item: #1395 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2554
      author: Fakir, Mohamed S.
       title: Towards an Externalist History of Islamic Science
        date: 1992.0
       words: 6795
      flesch: 51
     summary: A totality of Islamic scientific history cannot be envisioned except when external history is allowed to intersect with internal history. Fakir: An Externalist History of Islamic Science 201 is that of the contemplative, the gnostic (5r#, the level that has been recogmized throughout Islamic history as the highest and most comprehensive.
    keywords: civilization; culture; development; history; ibn; islamic; knowledge; orthodoxy; power; science; social; tradition; view
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        item: #1396 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2555
      author: Akhtar, M. Ramzan
       title: An Islamic Framework for Employer-Employee Relationships
        date: 1992.0
       words: 7690
      flesch: 55
     summary: -The Islamic state can interfere in the labor market for the purpose of interpreting or enforcing the contract. An Islamic Rimework for Employer-Employee Relationships Introduction Islamic teachings envisage a balanced society achieved through the functioning of Islamic institutions.
    keywords: contract; employees; employer; framework; islamic; labor; level; minimum; rate; relationships; rights; social; state; wage; workers
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        item: #1397 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2556
      author: Bashir, Abdel-Hamid M.
       title: Equity Participation Contracts and Investment: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results
        date: 1992.0
       words: 4993
      flesch: 51
     summary: The empirical results concur with the underlying theoretical model in that the profit-sharing ratio, in particular, plays a stimulative Bashir and Darrat: Equity Participation Contracts and Investment 231 and highly significant role in determining the level of investment in the context of profit-loss sharing contracts. Moreover, since X (the profit-sharing ratio) is set by bargaining, a higher X could motivate the investor to increase hidher equity contribution.
    keywords: capital; entrepreneur; equity; investment; investor; profit; project; sharing
       cache: ajiss-2556.pdf
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        item: #1398 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2557
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J. 
       title: Taqlid and Ijtihad
        date: 1992.0
       words: 4215
      flesch: 70
     summary: ”l* ~ ’This was related by al Abii Bakr al Bayhaqi. See Ibn al Qayyim, I’km a1 Muwaqqifn.
    keywords: ibn; ijtihad; knowledge; opinion; scholars; taqlid; teacher
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        item: #1399 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2558
      author: Ozdemir, Ibrahim
       title: The Concept of Islamic Tradition in Fazlur Rahman’s Thought
        date: 1992.0
       words: 8458
      flesch: 50
     summary: Before going into the details of how this tradition has developed over the course of Islamic history, we will scrutinize Rahman’s main argument with regad to its emergence in order to grasp his main objective concerning Islamic tradition. The growth and flowering of Islamic tradition was, therefore, stifled at its very mots and almost at the very moment when it began to blossom.26 Thus, according to Rahman, if we take into consideration the intellectual history of Islam, some of the important political, theological, and m o d doctrines which originated in the “living Sunnah,” as a result of the Islamic tradition acting on the Qur‘an and the prophetic Sunnah, were transformed through “the medium of the Hadith into immutable articles of Faith.
    keywords: concept; doctrine; islamic; methodology; modernity; muslim; qur’an; rahman; social; sunnah; time; tradition; understanding
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        item: #1400 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2559
      author: El-Affendi, Abdelwahab
       title: Turabi’s Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan By Abdelwahab El-Affendi. Turabi's Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan. London: Grey Seal, 1991, 208pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1843
      flesch: 46
     summary: With the suspen- sion of elections in Algeria and the denial of political participation to Islamist groups in Tunisia, as well as the establishment of an Islamically committed regime in Sudan, questions of the nature of an Islamized political system in the context of the contemporary world have increasing importance. Book Review Turabi’s Revolution: Islam and Power in Sudan L3y Abdelwahab El-mendi.
    keywords: revolution; sudan; turabi
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        item: #1401 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2560
      author: Haq, Nomanul
       title: Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani By Michael E. Marmura (ed.). Albany: State University of New York Press, 1984.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1162
      flesch: 54
     summary: Indeed, what we have here is a collection of essays in which by some of today's most competent and respected lslamicists inform the readers of the results of their scholarly research into various aspects of their discipline and thereby producing a resounding tribute worthy of a scholar of the stature of George Hourani, to whom the volume is dedicated. Book Review Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani
    keywords: essay; study; volume
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        item: #1402 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2561
      author: Abou El Fadl, Khaled
       title: Law and Islam in the Middle East: By Daisy Hilse Dwyer (ed). Law and Islam in the Middle Fast. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990, 168 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 2014
      flesch: 52
     summary: The basic arguments of the book raise the issue of the context of law and the role of Islamic law in the Middle East. The form and impact of Islamic law varies according to the specific regional and cultural context .
    keywords: book; context; east; law; middle
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        item: #1403 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2564
      author: Sachedina, Abdulaziz
       title: Symposium on Muslims in Europe: The Institute for Comparative Social Research and the Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany Rajab 3-5; 1412/ February 6-8, 1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1401
      flesch: 39
     summary: The concept of dZir al hijrah, on the other hand, captures the spirit of Muslim emigration to the West. Sander raised the possibility of founding an Islamic university in Europe that would instruct the new religious leaders on how to guide Muslim integration in the Western environment.
    keywords: diaspora; europe; islamic; muslims; west
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        item: #1404 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2565
      author: Kucukcan, Talip
       title: Islam, Democracy., and Freedom in North Africa: London School of Economics, London, U.K. Sha'ban 26,102/February 29,1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1185
      flesch: 37
     summary: While there may be some truth to this argument, the success of Islamic ideology lies in its emphasis on social justice and equality, the strengthening of morality, and the uplifting of Qur’anic teachings. nnisian modemism ended the freedom of expression and silenced those intellectuals whose ideological stand provides the young generation with a sense of Islamic ideology, as opposed to those corrupt ruling elites who exploit modernism to serve their own ends.
    keywords: africa; democracy; islamic; north
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        item: #1405 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2566
      author: Basha, Ahmad Fouad
       title: Islam, Modern Scientific Discourse, and Cultural Modernity: The Politics of Islamization of Knowledge as a Claim to Dewesternization
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1812
      flesch: 52
     summary: In addi- tion, Islam recognizes the roles of the senses and the mind which, when combined, enable individuals to acquire objective knowledge of nature or society. A comparison is made with the so-called European project of cultural modernity, a project based on the purely secular concept of knowledge.
    keywords: islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; sciences
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        item: #1406 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2567
      author: Ebrahim, Muhammad S.
       title: Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in an Islamic Economy
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1633
      flesch: 63
     summary: While a forward contract specifies the amount and delivery date, the uniqueness of its features means that the contract is not negotiable (i.e., there is no secondary market in forward contracts). 284 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:2 views and Comments Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in an Islamic Economy I would like to take this opportunity to respond to Muhammad Akram Khan’s article “Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in an Islamic Economy,” which appeared in the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (September 1988): 91-1l4.
    keywords: contract; economy; islamic; khan
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        item: #1407 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2568
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1424
      flesch: 50
     summary: Marie Parker-Jenkins, who did her doctoral dissertation on ”The Shifting Status of Teachers in the UK with Reference to the European Court of Hu- man Rights,” has add& the issues of making adequate provisions for Muslim children in British public schools as well as establishing separate publicly funded schools. She has provided us with a thoroughly documented examination of the educational needs of Muslim children now living in Bri- tain.
    keywords: bennabi; faith; muslim; paper; sciences
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        item: #1408 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2569
      author: Khaliq, Abdul
       title: Faith and Morality: The Islamic View
        date: 1992.0
       words: 2050
      flesch: 60
     summary: Faith, on the other hand, is always faith in some being or reality, and that is not translatable into any faith that statement. If we seek to further compare belief and faith as modes of knowledge, we may profitably refer to the distinction made by Bertrand Russell between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by descri~tion.~
    keywords: belief; faith; god; individual; knowledge
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        item: #1409 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2570
      author: Berggren, J. L.
       title: Islamic Acquisition of the Foreign Sciences: A Cultural Perspective
        date: 1992.0
       words: 7200
      flesch: 54
     summary: What would have been the effect on Islamic science if scholars like &mayn, m, Mii ShZ All&, or Thait had been excluded from intellectual participation in the Islamic community? Suspect Sciences Associated with the Foreign Sciences The other qualification to the advantage enjoyed by mathematics from its association with astronomy was that, even if such sciences wee of some use, they kept such bad company.
    keywords: arithmetic; c.e; century; civilization; foreign; greek; ibn; islamic; knowledge; mathematics; muslim; reckoning; sciences; study; use
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        item: #1410 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2571
      author: Bariun, Fawzia
       title: Malik Bennabi and the Intellectual Problems of the Muslim Ummah
        date: 1992.0
       words: 5672
      flesch: 55
     summary: Moreover, stated Bennabi, this concern was itself borrowed from the E m - pean system and therefore did not focus on the real problem of the individual Muslim.@ On the intellectual and psychological level, post a1 Muwabbidii society accepted the fact that “Islam is a complete religion.“ .Studying history, Bennabi agteed, does not lead only to thearetical conclusions, but also to applicable ideas.
    keywords: bennabi; civilization; history; ideas; individual; intellectual; islamic; malik; muslim; realm; social; society
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        item: #1411 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2572
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Nationalism and the Multinational State
        date: 1992.0
       words: 5476
      flesch: 45
     summary: People's resistance and acquiescence to political orders had always been in tesponse to state institutions and to the agitation of local leaders who had inspired them to support or oppose one dynastic rule or the other. It is m- worthy of intelligent beings to blindly commit themselves and give their alle giance to ethnic gmups or nations for, properly speaking, civilized individuals should support state institutions and give their loyalty to laws and principles.
    keywords: arab; empire; german; groups; minorities; multinational; nationalism; nations; ottoman; social; state; system
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        item: #1412 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2573
      author: Parker-Jenkins, Marie
       title: Muslim Matters: An Examination of the Educational Needs of Muslim Children in Contemporary Britain
        date: 1992.0
       words: 8347
      flesch: 56
     summary: The thorny issue of granting voluntary-aided status to Muslim schools is that, unlike previous denominations, this new group is a predominantly visible minority. During the last decade, there has been an in- creasing number of calls for the establishment of separate Muslim schools along the lines of the voluntary-aided status presently afforded to other reli- gious institutions (Halstead 1986).
    keywords: act; britain; british; children; curriculum; education; history; islamic; london; minority; muslim; national; needs; parents; pupils; report; schools; state; teaching
       cache: ajiss-2573.pdf
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        item: #1413 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2574
      author: Sarna, Jonathan D.
       title: The American Jewish Experience and the Emergence of the Muslim Community in America
        date: 1992.0
       words: 5787
      flesch: 54
     summary: 6Jonathan D. Sarna, American Jews and Church-State Rehtionr: m e Search fbr Equal Footing (New York American Jewish Committee, 1989), esp. From the point of View of American Jews, the growth of American Islam me& special attention, especially given the orgdzed Muslim community's hostility to Israel.
    keywords: american; catholic; century; christian; community; islam; jewish; jews; judeo; muslims; new; protestant; religion; time; united; years; york
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        item: #1414 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2575
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Scope of Taqlid
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1978
      flesch: 64
     summary: The exchange of such knowledge will go a long way towards encouraging and reinforcing the whole pmcess of ijtihad. See al Suyiiti, a1 Fath al Kah?, vol. II, 213. of d Husajk ibn 'Aliby al TabarM in Mu bm a1 SaghP and by al Khatib 384 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:3 A closely related issue is what mighi be called the mle of the non-Shanah Specialist (d ' h m i ) vis-g-vis ijtihad
    keywords: ijtihad; nonspecialist; taqlid
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        item: #1415 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2576
      author: Rashid, Hakim M.
       title: Secular Education and the Political Socialization of Muslim Children
        date: 1992.0
       words: 4139
      flesch: 45
     summary: Much of the literatw deal- ing with political socialization therefore focuses on the institutions and mech- anisms through which children are politically socialized over time. Within the Muslim world, the study of political socialization is critical to acquiring an understanding of how Muslim children learn about the multi- dimensional nature of the political world.
    keywords: children; education; islamic; muslim; nation; secular; socialization; system; world
       cache: ajiss-2576.pdf
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        item: #1416 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2577
      author: Irving, T. B.
       title: King Zumbi and the Male Movement in Brazil
        date: 1992.0
       words: 6434
      flesch: 64
     summary: African slaves were the actual builders of Brazil, the hewers of wood and drawers of water, just as their fellow slaves formed the basic labor force in the West Indies and the North American South. In fact, this segment of Brazilian society produced many physicians, lawyers, and engineers for the new society that developed in independent Brazil.
    keywords: african; american; bahia; brazil; brazilian; century; coast; king; movement; muslims; palmares; portuguese; slaves; social; state; west; zumbi
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        item: #1417 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2578
      author: Choudhury, Masudul Alam
       title: Islamization of Knowledge: A Methodology By 'Imad al Din Khalil. Herndon, VA & London, UK: IIIT, 1991, 28 pp., Occasional Papers Series.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 2668
      flesch: 49
     summary: This well-written book comprehensively outlines the basic precepts on which a concept and a program of Islamization of knowledge must, according to the author, rest. In his attempt to outline these directions, the author first defines the concept of Islamization as ... practising (i.e., discovering, com- piling, piecing together, communicating and publishing) intellectual activity based on the Islamic concept of the universe (p. 5).
    keywords: author; book; concept; islamization; khalil; knowledge; process; sciences
       cache: ajiss-2578.pdf
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        item: #1418 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2579
      author: Fazalbhoy, Nasteen
       title: Islam, Politics and Social Movements: By Edmund Burke III and Ira M. Lapidus (eds.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988, 332 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 881
      flesch: 43
     summary: Its sensitivity to current analytical methods, the close ethnographic descriptions, and the wide sweep of its concern make it useful not only for contemporary Islamic scholats but also for those a m specialists and social scientists inter- ested in subaltern movements and protest movements in the modem world. Each author analyzes &stance and millenarian movements in precolonial (i.e., nineteenth- and early twentieth-century) North Africa.
    keywords: islam; movements; social
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        item: #1419 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2580
      author: Khan, Muhammad Akram
       title: Business and Accounting Ethics in Islam: By Trevor Gambling and Rifaat Ahmed Abdel Karim. London: Mansell, 1991, 152 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 878
      flesch: 57
     summary: Lastly, the authors have not been careful in transliterating Islamic terms. However, the related theory of incorporation, the legal mechanism for justifying limited liability, is found in Islamic societies.
    keywords: accounting; business; islamic
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        item: #1420 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2583
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: Muslims in the Canadian Mosaic: By Zohra Husaini. Edmonton, AB, Canada: Muslim Research Foundation, 1990, 132 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 272
      flesch: 56
     summary: This book is a focused study on the Muslims in Canada with special tef- erence to Muslims in the pmvince of Alberta. In general, the study is very helpful to those who do not know much about Muslims in Canada.
    keywords: muslims
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        item: #1421 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2584
      author: Ibrahim, Anwar
       title: Keynote Address to the International Seminar on Malik Bennabi
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1875
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is due to the melancholic intellect of the post a1 Muwahbdin man that the Muslim ummah continues to languish in the miserable paucity of guiding ideas. They pmvide a fresh stimulus to the gmwth of new ideas in the Muslim world.
    keywords: bennabi; ideas; independence; muslim; world
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        item: #1422 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2585
      author: Tayob, A. I.
       title: Approaches to the Study of Islam and Muslim Societies: University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa Muharram 5-7, 1412/July 17-19, 1991
        date: 1992.0
       words: 955
      flesch: 51
     summary: Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Approaches to the Study of Islam and Muslim Societies University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa Muharram 5-7, 1412/July 17-19, 1991 425 This conference was convened by J. H. Dreyer of the Department of Semitic Studies at the University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, and the Department of Religious Studies, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. The topic of Islam in Cape Town Africa was the focus of the next session.
    keywords: africa; cape; town
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        item: #1423 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2586
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: Third International Conference on Islamic Economics: Putra World Trade Center Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rajah 23-25, 1412/January 28-30, 1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1888
      flesch: 33
     summary: Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 427 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Third International Conference on Islamic Economics Putra World Trade Center Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Rajah 23-25, 1412/January 28-30, 1992 The Third International Conference on Islamic Economics was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, during 23-25 Rajah 1412/28-30 January 1992 under the auspices of Malaysia's International Islamic University (IIU) and in colla­ boration with the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and the International As­ sociation of Islamic Economics (IAIE). Anas Zarqa, Centre for Research in Islamic Economics (CRIE), King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, discussed Shari'ah Compatible Shares: A Suggested Formula and Rationale.
    keywords: countries; development; economics; financing; islamic; muslim; paper; university
       cache: ajiss-2586.pdf
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        item: #1424 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2587
      author: Ilyas, Mohammad
       title: World Conference on the International Islamic Calendar: The Astronomical Research Unit University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Rabi- al Awwal 29 - Rabi al Akhir 1,1412 October 8-10,1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1216
      flesch: 38
     summary: Originally known as Pantai Acheh Astronomical Centre, it was officially renamed to honor Muhammad ?‘&it Jaliil a1 Din a1 Falaki a1 Azhan; a noted ‘ d i m and fuqzl, a regional pioneer in Islamic astronomy, and the first religious scholar to use logarithms in his calendrical calculation system. This was supported by Muhammad Baghdadi (Morocco) and Abdul Rahman I. Doi (Malaysia) in their outlines, respectively, of the availability of scientific 434 The American Joumd of Islamic Social Sciences 9 3 and Islamic research centers.
    keywords: calendar; conference; islamic; malaysia; science
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        item: #1425 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2588
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1074
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is his contention that mutual religious and ethnic sensibilities demand a better appreciation and a more humane understanding of the developments in the Muslim regions for several reasons: we are living in an interdependent world, Muslim regions are very close to the West, and Islam is emerging as the second major religion in a multiethnic North America and Europe. He discusses how Islam is the basis of Muslim identity and how the present debate is mainly one of seeking a synthesis within a number of young political (national and ethnic) and old sociocultural identities.
    keywords: approach; islamic; issue; muslim
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        item: #1426 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2589
      author: Buang, Amriah
       title: Epistemological Problems in Human Geography: An Overview and a preliminary Islamic Evaluation
        date: 1992.0
       words: 7969
      flesch: 47
     summary: Buang: Epistemological Problems in Human Geography 11 Islamic answer is that we “break into” the continuous flux of human social life by integrating field observation with introspection: 46. That the Qur’an itself contains numerous economic guidelines, such as forbidding the institution of interest, is further proof that Islamic epistemology does recognize the reality of the economic mechanism in human social life.
    keywords: empirical; epistemology; geographers; geography; human; islamic; london; realism; reality; social; society; space; structuration; theory; world
       cache: ajiss-2589.pdf
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        item: #1427 of 2426
          id: ajiss-259
      author: Paya, Ali
       title: The Transdisciplinary Approach: A Critical Appraisal from an “Islamic Perspective”
        date: 2015.0
       words: 11002
      flesch: 45
     summary: But such knowledge should not be conflated with the processes of personal experience in which the subject is unified with the object. Science/knowledge is objective (i.e., publicly accessible and assessable)5 and consists of our best conjectures about reality, all of which are expressed in terms of statements.
    keywords: approach; conjectures; framework; islamic; journal; knowledge; meta; methodology; methods; nicolescu; paya; philosophy; popper; reality; research; science; social; technology; transdisciplinarity
       cache: ajiss-259.pdf
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        item: #1428 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2590
      author: Khan, Fazal R.
       title: Youth Viewers of Pakistan Television (PTV) and the Enculturation Model of the Islamization Process: Towards Exploring Some Empirical Basics
        date: 1992.0
       words: 6854
      flesch: 38
     summary: In summary, religious TV viewers generally seem to be interpersonal communication based young enthusiasts who support IsIamization and who tend to monitor national affairs probably in Shari'ah-focused terms. Note: Function 1 separates religious TV viewers (+) from domestic entertainment viewers (-1, and function 2 separates the cosmopolitan entertainment group (+) from the domestic entertainment group (-).
    keywords: affairs; communication; entertainment; environment; function; group; media; model; national; radio; salience; table; variables; video; viewers
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        item: #1429 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2591
      author: Wright, Theodore P.
       title: The Problem of Empiricism in Comparative Political Research by Muslims: A Research Agenda
        date: 1992.0
       words: 4588
      flesch: 41
     summary: What I am proposing to Muslim comparativists is that they examine the Muslim world, both past and present, and then describe as objectively as possible those actual characteristics, if any, which distinguish Muslim “political culture” from the non-Muslim world, diir a1 Isliim from diir a1 kufi, not just to denounce Muslim practice for its departures from Islamic values but to accurately understand and predict what the practice is and will be in order to move it towards the Islamic ideal. The Islamic critique of the dominant Euro-American paradigm in the study of politics has so far focused on the subfields of political philosophy, as in the articles of Abul-Fadl: of public administration,2 and of international relation^.^ Little attention has been paid by Muslim social scientists to compamtive politics, by which is meant the investigation of the internal political institutions and processes of countries.
    keywords: american; islamic; journal; muslim; new; politics; science; social; university; values; wright; york
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        item: #1430 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2592
      author: Malik, Iftikhar
       title: Islam, the West, and Ethnonationalism: A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Central and South Asia
        date: 1992.0
       words: 8552
      flesch: 41
     summary: When reporting on the Algerian elections or events in Muslim Central Asia, Caucasia, or theBalkans, sensationalized headlines concerning Muslim fundamentalists appear with great about the rising tide of Islamists. Muslims in the Indian subcontinent tried to meet the new challenges through revitalizing efforts (i.e., the Shah Wali Allah movement), since Iran, Arabia, Turkey, and 60 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 9:l North Africa were all faced with equally chaotic situation^.'^ Russia’s gradual yet persistent conquest of Muslim Central Asia and Caucasia led to an equally bleak isolation for the region, although Muslims on both sides maintained an idealistic affection for each other.
    keywords: afghanistan; asia; central; central asia; forces; identity; india; islam; islamic; june; moscow; muslim; new; pakistan; region; south; soviet; state; time; world
       cache: ajiss-2592.pdf
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        item: #1431 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2593
      author: El-Badawi, Mohamed H.; Al-Sultan, Sultan M.
       title: Net Working Capital versus Net Owner's Equity Approaches to Computing Zakatable Amount: A Conceptual Comparison and Application
        date: 1992.0
       words: 5762
      flesch: 57
     summary: From the above, it is clear that the mingling of fund sources (equity, long-term and short-term financing) and the application of funds (current assets which include trade assets and long-term assets not subject to zakah) lead to difkrences between net working capital and growing capital. Net working capital at the end of the year equals growing capital if there is no financing of current accounts by noncurrent liabilities (transaction type 1) and no financing of noncurrent assets, noncurrent liabilities, or owner’s equity through current liabilities (transaction type 2).
    keywords: assets; capital; debt; net; term; trade; working; year; zakah; zakatable
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        item: #1432 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2594
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona
       title: From Greed to Justice: American Policy in the Middle East: Reflections from a Muslim Perspective
        date: 1992.0
       words: 12219
      flesch: 44
     summary: Reflections from a Muslim Perspective1 MOUI Abul-Fad1 I would like to seize the opportunity of the theme of this conference to highlight some of the flaws which taint and constrain American foreign policy in the Middle East and, more generally, in the Muslim world. Abul-Fadl: From Greed to Justice 87 Before exploring these perceptions as they affect the design and implementation of American foreign policy, let me begin by summarizing the gist of my presentation.
    keywords: abul; american; attitudes; east; foreign; greed; gulf; human; interests; islam; islamic; justice; middle; middle east; muslim; new; new york; order; policy; politics; power; press; public; region; self; states; world; york
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        item: #1433 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2595
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: Toward Explaining Communal and Ethnonational Resurgence and Separatism
        date: 1992.0
       words: 4953
      flesch: 44
     summary: The population of most of these states, especially in the Fertile Cres- cent, was fragmented and divided into various sects and ethnic groups. Recent studies have shown that ethnic groups hold multiple identities and that the hierarchical ranking of these identities keep changing.
    keywords: east; ethnicity; islamic; middle; movements; national; new; pakistan; policy; politics; social; state
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        item: #1434 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2596
      author: Benaboud, M'hammad 
       title: Islamic Spain 1250-1500: By L. P. Harvey. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991, 400 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1842
      flesch: 54
     summary: By linking the Mudejars with the Andalusian Muslims of Granada, he presents the question of Andalusian history during the latter part of its development in a new light. The author adopts a cyclical approach in the sense that he traces the creation of the Ban6 NaSr kingdom in Granada, its development, and its decline and fall.
    keywords: author; book; granada; history
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        item: #1435 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2597
      author: Perry, Glenn E.
       title: The Islamic Theory of International Relations: New Directions for Islamic Methodology and Thought By AbdulHamid AbuSulayman. (Islamization of Knowledge, series 3, no. 1). Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1987, 184 pp.
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1327
      flesch: 34
     summary: Instead of constituting a model which must be followed under all circumstances and in all times, such events are ex- plained in terms of the Prophet’s “realism, with its wide margin of political maneuverability” (p. 98), thus putting classical Islamic rules relating to such matters as ri& andjizyah in a new light. The author distinguishes between the Shari’ah and fiqh (writings of Islamic jurists), which he maintains has been inaccumtely considered to be “law in itself and not a secondary source of Islamic law” @. 4).
    keywords: book; international; islamic
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        item: #1436 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2598
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz
       title: The 20th Annual Conference of the AMSS: Dearborn, Michigan Rabi' al Akhir 17-19, 1412 / October 25-27, 1991
        date: 1992.0
       words: 2505
      flesch: 43
     summary: Anwar H. Siddiqui, Vice President, Interna- tional Islamic University (nu), Islamabad; M. Akhtar Saeed Siddiqui, Univer- sity of Karachi, Karachi; Khalid Ikramullah Khan, Assistant Secretary General, World Muslim Congress, Karachi; Jamila Suddal, Peshawar University, Peshawar; Ghulam Zainab Bano, Frontier College for Women, Peshawar; Mohammad Amin, Aqam Foundation, Karachi; and Jamila Shaukat, Univer- sity of Punjab, Lahore. The seventh session was composed of three concurrent panels: 1) “The Seminars, Conferences, Addresses 129 Muslim Community: Sociological Perspectives,” chaired by Ilyas Ba-Yunus, SUNY-Cortland, CortIand,,W, 2) “Economics and Human Resources,” chaired by Anwar H. Siddiqui, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan; and 3) “Public Education System and Images of Islam,” moderated by M. Akhtar S. Siddiqui, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan.
    keywords: college; education; islamic; muslim; pakistan; panel; state; university
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        item: #1437 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2599
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: International Conference of Muslim Social Scientists: Madinat al Hikmah, Hamdard Centre Karachi, Pakistan Jumada al Akhirah 28-Rajab 3, 1412/January 3-7, 1992
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1293
      flesch: 46
     summary: Hakim Mohammad Said, Chancellor, Hamdard University and President, Hamdard Foundation Pakistan, presented the closing address. A.khirah 28-Rajab 3, 1412/January 3-7, 1992 Without much fanfare, the Association of Muslim Social Scientists­ Harndard University conference began on 3 January 1992 at Madinat al Hikmah, a city established by the Harndard fuundation exclusively for education, science, and culture.
    keywords: amss; conference; muslim; pakistan; session; university
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        item: #1438 of 2426
          id: ajiss-260
      author: Masterton, Rebecca
       title: A Comparative Exploration of the Spiritual Authority of the Awliyā’ in the Shi‘i and Sufi Traditions
        date: 2015.0
       words: 11717
      flesch: 70
     summary: It is not for the Imam to withold it from him who is after him.29 Sunni mystic al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi (d. 900) makes an almost identical statement, but in reference to the proto-Sufis of his time: “Like nubuwwa (prophethood), [walāyah] is a covenant (‘aqd) with God [...] Looking at these and other silsilahs, other such famous names follow on from al-Basri, among them Dawud al-Ta‘i, Sari al-Saqati, Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi, and al-Junayd al-Baghdadi.
    keywords: abu; ali; authority; awliyā; god; ibid; ibn; imam; islamic; muhammad; order; quṭb; sadiq; shi‘i; sufi; sunni; tabataba’i; tirmidhi; tradition; walāyah; walī
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        item: #1439 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2600
      author: al ‘Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Opening Address: International Conference of Muslim Social Scientists
        date: 1992.0
       words: 1015
      flesch: 46
     summary: The comprehensive solution of which I speak is this: that the ummah pre- sent both to its own members and to humanity at large an intellectual and idea- tional alternative capable of saving humanity from the dangers which threaten it; one which can deliver contemporary civilization from its present crisis; one which can bring about a truly new world order based on true peace, eternal security, and stability; and one in which real values and morals lead humanity to the ultimate good and to the true religion. Rather the opposite is true, for the possibility of the liberal, capitalist trend represented by American civilization’s intellectual and cultural collapse has never been greater.
    keywords: humanity; world
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        item: #1440 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2601
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1513
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this issue of AJZSS, Ghulam-Haider Aasi sketches the relatively unknown contribution of Muslim scholars to the history of religions and their role as the true founders of this discipline. The history of humanity for Muslim scholars was the history of ideas and values, for they saw religion as the core and basis of all human culture and civilization and all other branches of knowledge as being directly related to and dependent upon the science of religion.
    keywords: american; history; islamic; muslim; social
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        item: #1441 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2602
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A.
       title: The Quran and the Sunnah on the Civilization Value of Cleanliness
        date: 1991.0
       words: 3526
      flesch: 73
     summary: Five of the six major hadith collections narrate that ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar said: “I heard the Prophet, when he asked about water in open places from which wild animals have drunk, say: ‘If the water measures two qulluh (big size water-skins), it is not filthy.”’ In the above verses, the Qur’an speaks of cleanliness (&&irah) in a physical sense and also informs us that the rain water which Allah causes to fall from the sky is clean and meant for drinking and cleaning.
    keywords: allah; cleanliness; muslim; people; prophet
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        item: #1442 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2603
      author: Aasi, Ghulam-Haider
       title: Muslim Contributions to the History of Religions
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5719
      flesch: 49
     summary: It is maintained that the Greeks’ contribution to the study of religion showed their openness of mind and their curiosity about other religions and cultures. Its approach to religious phenomena was based on a cultic approach, because it had an intolerant and exclusive attitude towards other religions.
    keywords: contribution; hazm; history; ibn; islam; islamic; muslim; religions; scholars; studies; study; works
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        item: #1443 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2604
      author: Blankinship, Khalid
       title: Islam and World History: Towards a New Periodization
        date: 1991.0
       words: 14284
      flesch: 51
     summary: The early efforts aimed at reforming the ancient-medieval-modem scheme were followed in the period after the Second World War by the foundation of various area studies programs in American universities as well as by the addition of professors and courses specializing in non-Western history. This same Eurocentricview is equally pervasive in such allied fields as art history, where the same paradigm is in use.5 If any modification at all is made in the scheme, it is usually only to lump medieval together with ancient history, thereby creating a binary before-and-after scheme which highlights the distinctive superiority of modem Western civilization against all else.b This is even true of self-critical Marxist- based histories, for these too inflate Western hubris by showing how much greater - and therefore more relevant - are the problems of modern Western societies.
    keywords: ancient; civilization; east; empire; europe; greek; history; islam; islamic; medieval; modem; modern; muslim; near; new; pages; period; press; roman; scheme; university; vol; western; world; world history
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        item: #1444 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2605
      author: Abdel-kawi, Ola; Kole, James
       title: An Islamic Perspective on the Expectancy-Valence Theory
        date: 1991.0
       words: 2645
      flesch: 50
     summary: The most commonly used classification of motivation theories among organizational behavior scholars is the content and process theories (Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985). When Muslim scholars have discussed motivation theories, they have explained the Islamic perspective on the content approach.
    keywords: expectancy; islamic; motivation; performance; process; rewards
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        item: #1445 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2606
      author: Ali, Hassan Elhag
       title: The New World Order and the Islamic World
        date: 1991.0
       words: 4717
      flesch: 59
     summary: When Third World countries proposed a new world information order and a new world economic order, they were faced with fierce opposition on the part of the West. Issues of external military \ Hassan Elhag Ali New World Order 471 threats, nuclear deterrence, and balance of power are not urgent issues for most Islamic world actors.
    keywords: economic; islamic; new; north; order; power; states; united; war; world
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        item: #1446 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2607
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz
       title: Mass Media Analysis: Formulating an Islamic Perspective
        date: 1991.0
       words: 10619
      flesch: 47
     summary: It is therefore necessary to formulate valid methods and techniques of looking into various uses and the impact of mass communication media on society. Inadequacies of the Existing Models These four major approaches of mass media analysis contain some useful strategies for looking at the mass media and its impact on audiences.
    keywords: american; analysis; communication; god; islamic; journal; life; mass; mass media; media; media analysis; perspective; phenomena; qur’an; research; sciences; siddiqui; social; society
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        item: #1447 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2608
      author: Poston, Larry
       title: The Future of Da’wah in North America
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5198
      flesch: 45
     summary: MusB Qumb of the Islamic Information Center of America is fond of quoting an ancient tradition that in the latter days Islam will spread from the West to the East, and he intends to make his center a training institution to prepare workers for this task.20 Sulayman Nyang concurs with this idea when he surmises that ‘American Muslims could one day be one of World Islam’s major pillars of support” and that “U.S. Muslim centres . . Capable, creative, and brilliant leadership is essential here, but this is an area in which by its own admission American Islam suffers a vital lack.
    keywords: america; christian; future; islamic; muslim; needleman; new; north; religion; social; society; world
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        item: #1448 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2609
      author: Bariun, Fawzia
       title: The International Seminar on Malik Bennabi: Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Safar 22-25, 1412/September 1-4, 1991
        date: 1991.0
       words: 2090
      flesch: 47
     summary: The paper concluded that Bennabi, who developed some of Iqbal‘s economic ideas into a theoretical framework, was the first to use the terminology “North” and “South” to explain the prevailing international economic disparity. The second paper, entitled “The Implications of Malik Bennabi’s Views on Contemporary Muslim Society,” was presented by Abdul Rahman Doi, deputy dean of academic affairs at the International Islamic University of Malaysia, as its author, Dr. Ammar Talbi, an Algerian intellectual who had worked with Bennabi, was unable to attend.
    keywords: bennabi; civilization; intellectual; islamic; muslim; paper
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        item: #1449 of 2426
          id: ajiss-261
      author: Hassan, Gubara Said; Buaben, Jabal M.
       title: Hassan al-Turabi’s Religious Discourse on Faith, Renewal, and Ijtihād
        date: 2015.0
       words: 8538
      flesch: 42
     summary: After al-Turabi and his brother-in-law al-Sadiq al-Mahdi were released from the notorious Cober prison, he was able to claim that he also had suffered greatly under Numeiri’s dictatorship. The young al-Turabi also inherited other specific qualities: a passion for law, a love of travel, and an intimate knowledge of Islam, the Qur’an and Sun- nah, and Arabic language and literature in particular.
    keywords: discourse; faith; god; hassan; hassan al; human; ijtihād; islamic; life; movement; muslim; renewal; social; state; sudan; turabi
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        item: #1450 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2610
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Taqlid and the Stagnation of the Muslim Mind
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5506
      flesch: 59
     summary: The major factor which initiated the first phase was the lack of interest on the part of individual Muslims to acquire true learning and hard evidence. By the time of the third generation, however, learning and scholarly pursuits were no longer priorities with most Muslims, as they were more occupied with making a living.
    keywords: allah; evidence; humanity; islamic; muslims; people; qur’an; scholars; taqlid; ummah
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        item: #1451 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2611
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona
       title: Squaring the Circle in the Study of the Middle East: Islamic Liberalism Reconsidered
        date: 1991.0
       words: 12248
      flesch: 38
     summary: While the thrust of such scholarship is to rationalize certain trends and developments in contemporary Muslim society and frequently to deploy this rationalization to reinforce the status quo in the regional politics of the day, it does so by attempting to reappropriate Islamic history and the Muslim community's key symbols and categories in terms of Western experience and rationality. Like the discoveries resulting from some moments in Binder’s deconstruction of the modem Muslim mind, the reader is in for some surprises in this reappropriation of Islamic history in terms of its liberal prospects.
    keywords: abul; american; binder; culture; discourse; east; history; islamic; liberalism; middle; middle east; muslim; new; politics; region; sciences; social; state; text; thought; tradition; truth; western; world
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        item: #1452 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2612
      author: Darrat, Ali R.
       title: Islamic Law and Finance: By Chibli Mallat (ed.). London: Graham & Trotman, 1988, 196pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 903
      flesch: 51
     summary: Aside from the above major misconception, the volume contains an interesting collection of essays relating to the recent experience of many Muslim countries with Islamic banking and finance. The essays discuss a variety of legal and financial issues in Islam, though the book‘s main preoccupation is with Islamic banking.
    keywords: banking; islamic; system
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        item: #1453 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2613
      author: Danish, Ishtiyaque
       title: Why Our Children Are Killing Themselves: By Mauri Saalakhan. Beltsville: Pub. Writers Inc., 1990, 99pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1079
      flesch: 48
     summary: The book is a sociopsychological study of an America afflicted by drug abuse, a curse which has hit American children especially hard. The book will definitely arouse people’s conscience and make them realize their responsibilities with regard to the eradication of drug addiction, a plague which has robbed many American young people of their innocence and turned their hearts of gold into black and cold stones.
    keywords: american; book; drug
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        item: #1454 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2614
      author: Ghadban, Najib
       title: Religious Radicalism and Politics in the Middle East: By Emmanuel Sivan and Menachem Friedman (eds.). Albany: State University of New York, 1990, 244 pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1548
      flesch: 55
     summary: When he talks about the impact of Sunni groups on the Middle East’s political and social processes, the term “Sunni extremists” is expanded to cover movements in Egypt, Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Pakistan, Morocco, Algeria, and the Arab Gulf state^.^ Although its importance is exaggerated, the four chapters on Islamic radicalism do offer a rigorous analysis of the divisions between radical Shi'i and Sunni groups, how they independently developed similar assessments of the situation, and why the ecumenistic efforts failed to bring unity or even closeness (taqrib) between the two sects.
    keywords: groups; islamic; middle; sunni; tradition
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        item: #1455 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2615
      author: Zaman, Muhammad Q.
       title: Merchant Capital and Islam: By Mahmood Ibrahim. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990, 246pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1804
      flesch: 43
     summary: By studying the trends and consequences of pre-Islamic Makkah's commercial activities, it seeks to bring out both the material bases of the rise of Islam and the element of continuity between pre-Islamic Makkah and early Islamic history. Ibrahim’s work does, however, mark an advance due to its greater detailing of Makkah’s commercial milieu, the rise of Islam within it, and its tracing of continuities of pre-Islamic commercial trends into Islamic times.
    keywords: interests; islamic; makkah; segment
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        item: #1456 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2616
      author: Choudhury, Masudul A.
       title: Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics: Ethical Foundations of the Economic and Social Order Centre of Humanomics, University College of Cape Breton, Sydney, NS, Canada Rabi' al Awwal 3-4, 1412/October 11-12, 1991
        date: 1991.0
       words: 771
      flesch: 31
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Science Vol. 8, No. 3, 1991 567 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics: Ethical Foundations of the Economic and Social Order Centre of Humanomics, University College of Cape Breton, Sydney, NS, Canada Rabi' al Awwal J-4, /4/1/0ctober ll-12, 1991 Write to or contact: Professor M. A. Choudhury, Department of Social Sciences, University College of Cape Breton, Sydney, NS, BlP 6L2, Canada.
    keywords: canada; university
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        item: #1457 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2617
      author: Altalib, Omar
       title: The International Conference on Islam and Development in Southeast Asia: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Safar 4-5, 1412/September 25-26, 1991
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1584
      flesch: 47
     summary: Why have Islamic groups been unable to solve genuine social, economic, and political problems?; b) Is Southeast Asia going to look more like Western Europe, Japan, or something else in the next century?; c) Will governments continue to fight Islamic groups or become more tolerant?; d) Is Malaysia’s Islamic Bank really a successful experiment in Islamic banking; The single most indicative example of Islamic economic practices in Malaysia is the Islamic bank.
    keywords: development; islamic; social; southeast
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        item: #1458 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2618
      author: Shikaki, Khalil
       title: An Islamic Conception of Change
        date: 1991.0
       words: 2921
      flesch: 47
     summary: For example, can they institute the hudiid (Islamic punishments) when the state replaces Islamic laws with British or French ones? One might not need to go back to early Muslim thought, or even to Ibn Taymiyah, but modem writings (i.e., those of al Afghm-, Abduh, al Banni, Mawdiidi, Qufub, a1 Hudaybi, and the leaders of Islamic groups and movements, such as Faraj , Sirrya, MuSpfii, Ghaniishi, and Madani, and Muslim activists and scholars such as Jawdat Sa‘id Muhammad, Khiilid M. Khiilid, Siilim a1 Bahnasiiwi,
    keywords: change; debate; islamic; muslim; nonviolence; use
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        item: #1459 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2619
      author: Kavakci, Yusuf Ziya
       title: The Importance of 'llm al Khilaf to North America
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1073
      flesch: 55
     summary: Fortunately, several of his books have come down to us in manuscript form, such as a1 Ah51 al Aq~ii , a1 Asriirfi a1 Up21 wa a1 Furii: and Taqwim a1 Adillah. The judicial and juristic opinions expressed in Majmii ‘a1 Fiqh by Zayd ibn ‘Ali (d. l22/740), in a1 Muwa?<a’ by Imiim Mdik (d. 179/795), by Muhammad ibn al Hasan a1 Shaybiini (d. 189/805) which he ascribed.to his master Abii Hanifah, and by Abii Yiisuf Ya‘qiib (d. 182/769), especially in his Kitiib a1 Khuraj, a1 Radd tzh Siyiir a1 Awzii 1, and
    keywords: ibn; islamic; law
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        item: #1460 of 2426
          id: ajiss-262
      author: Baba, Sidek Bin; Salleh, Mohamad Johdi; Zayed, Tareq M; Harris, Ridwan
       title: A Qur’anic Methodology for Integrating Knowledge and Education: Implications for Malaysia’s Islamic Education Strategy
        date: 2015.0
       words: 10705
      flesch: 45
     summary: Even the country’s Ministry of Higher Education is inter- ested in what is going on in the name of Islamic integrated education, which is one outcome of the ongoing integration and Islamization project.3 The ultimate goal of this governmental project is to (1) integrate and re- construct knowledge and education and (2) change the worldview of their learners and teachers.4 The National Education Philosophy (NEP), written in 1988 and revised in 1996, was founded to implement the philosophy of Is- lamization by, for example, enshrining the vision of education held by the ministry and the government in order to provide a holistic learning environ- ment in which all students can develop their intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and physical potentials. This statement led us to state our position that Islamic integrated education is “teacher-centered” and always true, because this formula is conceptualized from selected Qur’anic verses.
    keywords: ajiss32; albab; education; integration; islamic; islamization; knowledge; learning; malaysia; page; process; students; teachers; teaching; understanding
       cache: ajiss-262.pdf
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        item: #1461 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2620
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1991.0
       words: 2047
      flesch: 45
     summary: The lack of theory to guide empirical investigation in areas like incorporating Islamic beliefs in a stress inoculation program €or Muslims has inhibited the systematic development of an applied research agenda. The author then discusses the Islamic concept of millah promulgated by the Qur‘an and institutionalized by the Shari’ah, a concept which was successful throughout Islamic history in en- suring a harmonious communal coexistence.
    keywords: ijtihad; islam; muslim; sciences; social; society
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        item: #1462 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2621
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: The Qur’an and the Sunnah on Violence, Armed Struggle, and the Political Process
        date: 1991.0
       words: 7422
      flesch: 74
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, 1991 Guiding Light Translation The Qur’an and the Sunnah on Violence, Armed Struggle, and the Political Process Comments by 2bdulHamid A. AbuSulaym& In the name of Allah, Most Gmcious, Most Merciful. To those against whom War is made, permission is given (to fight), because They are wronged-and verily, Allah is Most Powerful For their aid- (They are) those who have Been expelled from their homes In defiance of right- (For no cause) except That they say, “Our Lord Is Allah.“
    keywords: allah; cause; fight; islamic; muslim; people; prophet; qur’an; social
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        item: #1463 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2622
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: The Islamic State: A Conceptual Framework
        date: 1991.0
       words: 6025
      flesch: 47
     summary: The legitimacy of the state, on the other hand, depends upon the extent to which state organization and power reflect the will of the ummah, for as classical jurists have insisted, the legitimacy of state institutions is not derived from textual sources but is based primarily on the principle of ijmii: More specifically, discussions will focus on the purpose of the Islamic state, the source of political legitimacy, and the scope of state power.
    keywords: community; consensus; islamic; islamic state; power; rules; social; society; state; ummah
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        item: #1464 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2623
      author: Winkel, Eric A.
       title: Paradigms and Postmodern Politics from an Islamic Perspective
        date: 1991.0
       words: 10445
      flesch: 56
     summary: A corollary of this benign ignorance is that the state’s power is legitimized by the voluntary participation of its citizens, and world systems are legitimized as spontaneous effects of changing needs, all under the aegis of a benevolent world order manager. This is a broadside against political science paradigms, untidy as it is, with too much mixing of different levels of analysis.
    keywords: american; ashley; control; culture; discourse; gilpin; islamic; kuhn; new; order; paradigm; people; politics; power; real; rifkin; science; social; state; world
       cache: ajiss-2623.pdf
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        item: #1465 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2625
      author: Choudhury, Masudul A.
       title: Social Choice in an Islamic Economic Framework
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5944
      flesch: 43
     summary: The nature of Islamic social principles comprehending the grand ecological order emanates from the ethical policies of shiit.ii and is carried through the media of interactions with social state variables. Consequently, the first order conditions of Pareto optima€ity do not apply in the case of Islamic social welfare optimization.
    keywords: decision; economy; formation; function; islamic; making; policy; preferences; process; set; shiirii; social; state; variables; welfare
       cache: ajiss-2625.pdf
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        item: #1466 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2626
      author: Abdel-Kawi, Ola
       title: The Theoretical Foundations of Incorporating Islamic Beliefs in a Stress Inoculation Program for Muslims
        date: 1991.0
       words: 4648
      flesch: 50
     summary: Hence, the purpose of this paper is to: a) develop the theoretical foundations of the interreIationship between stress cognition and Islamic beliefs; b) present a stress cognition paradigm that explains the moderation function of certain Islamic beliefs; and c) incorporate certain Islamic beliefs in the app€ication of the cognitive techniques of stress management. Muslim scholars have not attempted to define the major stressors these Muslims experience, nor have they furnished Muslims with an inocuIation program that integrates Islamic beliefs with cognitive techniques in order to change stress quality and quantity.
    keywords: belief; individual; islamic; life; muslim; personality; self; social; stress; system
       cache: ajiss-2626.pdf
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        item: #1467 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2627
      author: Khan, Fazal R.
       title: Entertainment Video and the Process of Islamization in Pakistan: Theoretical Perspectives on a Policy Imperative
        date: 1991.0
       words: 7503
      flesch: 32
     summary: An immediate challenge for such an approach would be the creation of an ISP index for a unit of programming as well as for an aggregate system of entertainment video messages. 33G. Chu, Alfian, and M. Pabottinggi, “Cultural Values in Television Drama,” (Paper presented to an East-West Center workshop on Evaluation and Planning for Satellite Communication Research, Honolulu, July 1979, p. 3).
    keywords: analysis; communication; culture; entertainment; entertainment video; islamic; mass; media; message; research; social; society; system; television; values; video
       cache: ajiss-2627.pdf
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        item: #1468 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2628
      author: Dekmejian, R. Hrair
       title: Comparative Study of Muslim Minorities: A Preliminary Framework
        date: 1991.0
       words: 3450
      flesch: 29
     summary: Data concerning the economic conditions prevailing in Indian Muslim communities (i.e., class structure based on economic roles and distribution of wealth), evidence of communally-based economic mobilization and comparative data on the non-Muslim sectors of the Indian population (particularly on class structure and per capita incomes), and the overall occupational profile of Indian Muslim communities and patterns of occupational preference. The persistence of an Islamic identity among India’s teeming Muslim population has provided the main parameter which defines Indian Muslim ethnicity.
    keywords: communities; indian; islamic; minorities; model; muslim; non; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2628.pdf
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        item: #1469 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2629
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: The Crisis in Fiqh and the Methodology of ljtihad
        date: 1991.0
       words: 10106
      flesch: 61
     summary: (This: al Sharikah al Tinisiyah li al Tmzi'), 89-9995; Zuhir W d , a1 Ijtihd wa a1 SGlr a1 I s h - Mu&mmad Zqbd, published in the Fkceedm . 14See JalrTl al Din al SuyUtj,
    keywords: allah; crisis; door; fiqh; ijtihad; imams; islamic; muslims; opinions; people; period; result; rulers; scholars; taqlid; thought; time; ummah; way
       cache: ajiss-2629.pdf
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        item: #1470 of 2426
          id: ajiss-263
      author: Davids, Nuraan
       title: Islam and Multiculturalism in Europe: An Exposition of a Dialectical Encounter
        date: 2015.0
       words: 8690
      flesch: 43
     summary: Thus inasmuch as the majority groups of liberal democracies need to engage in dialogue with such minority groups as Muslim women, minority groups need to be willing to engage with their host societies. The prevalence of Muslim minority groups in Europe has witnessed two significant shifts in the multiculturalism debates: moving the focus from ethnic to religious minorities, regardless of whether they are immigrants or indige- nous Europeans,21 and where this concept should be located in the citizen- ship-civic virtue debate.
    keywords: ajiss32; democracies; europe; groups; ibid; identity; islam; majority; minority; multiculturalism; muslim; women
       cache: ajiss-263.pdf
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        item: #1471 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2630
      author: Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M.
       title: Islam and the Cultural Accommodation of Social Change: By Bassam Tibi. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990, 272pp
        date: 1991.0
       words: 573
      flesch: 46
     summary: In a previous work entitled The Crisis ofModem Islam, Bassam Tibi argues for the understanding of religion in the social process as it is incor- porated into reality as a social fact. Tibi’s new mentor is the bourgeois anthropologist Clifford Geertz, who in the late 1960s wrote an essay on “Religion as a Cultural System,” in which he defines religion in the following terms: Religion is: (1) a system of symbols which acts to (2) establish power- ful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in man by (3) for- mulating conceptions of a general order of existence and (4) clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that ( 5 ) the moods of motivations seem uniquely realistic.
    keywords: islam; tibi
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        item: #1472 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2631
      author: Bashir, Abdel-Hamid
       title: Revolution and Economic Transition: The Iranian Experience By Hooshang Amirahmadi. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1990, 384pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 666
      flesch: 44
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, 1991 341 The decline in world demand for oil in the 1980s and OPEC's policies caused a huge decline in oil revenues and further constrained the economy. The proclaimed aims of the revolution were listed as achieving economic development, sovereignty, and justice.
    keywords: author; economy
       cache: ajiss-2631.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2631.txt

        item: #1473 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2632
      author: Mahmood, Sohail
       title: Islam and the of a Middle East: The Aesthetics Political Discourse By Mona Abul-Fadl. Herndon, V4: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 1990, 61pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 2218
      flesch: 47
     summary: Unlike earlier interventions in the Muslim world, the impact of Western colonialism was intense, and it extended to the actual spiritual and structural underpinnings of Islamic society. The legacy of the colonial experience was that Islamic society descended into a state of anomie which was the out- come as much as the root of an emerging “confused and amorphous” society.
    keywords: abul; east; islamic; middle
       cache: ajiss-2632.pdf
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        item: #1474 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2633
      author: Kahf, Mohja
       title: Women and Social Justice: Some Legal and Social Issues in Contemporary Muslim Society By Anis Ahmad. Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1991, 128pp
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1777
      flesch: 48
     summary: But the alternative he proposes, that women reevaluate the role of “home engineer,” does not acknowledge the problems hidden in this role for Muslim women today: This role has been stripped by most local customs of Islamic guarantees of dignity and freedom and has been reduced to the level of drudgery under an ar- bitrary master. Too often this debate over the status of women results in bitter and useless finger-pointing in which the advocates of change in women’s conditions are labelled “Western,” as if one had to be Western to see anything exploitative about the present treatment of Muslim women.
    keywords: ahmad; islamic; labor; social; women
       cache: ajiss-2633.pdf
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        item: #1475 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2634
      author: Cairo Office, IIIT - 
       title: Pluralism in Islam: Cairo, Egypt Rabi' al Thani 6, 1411/October 25, 1990
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1479
      flesch: 58
     summary: This, in essence, is what distinguishes Islamic pluralism from its Western version. As for political pluralism or political groupings within the Islamic ummah, 'A�iyah said that the ummah must encourage those political activities which will allow the development of several parties.
    keywords: islamic; parties; pluralism; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2634.pdf
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        item: #1476 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2636
      author: Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M.
       title: American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies: 111 Tolentine Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085 Dhu al Qa'dah 3-4, 1411/May 17-18, 1991
        date: 1991.0
       words: 924
      flesch: 30
     summary: Sonn, on the other hand, elaborated on what she perceived as a distinction between Islamic historicism and the Islamization of Knowledge. Islamic historicism calls for “a critical assessment of the intellectual legacy of Islam with a view to: 1) understanding how it happened to assume the form in which we have inherited it; 2) distinguislng in the process between essential Islamic principles and their particular formualtion as a result of specific needs; and 3) determining how best to apply the essential principles of Islam in the contemporary context.”
    keywords: islamic; islamization; knowledge; social
       cache: ajiss-2636.pdf
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        item: #1477 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2637
      author: Khan, Aftab A.
       title: Islam and Ethnicity in Africa and the Middle East: State University of New York, Binghampton, NY Shawwal 10-12, 1411/April 25-27, 1991
        date: 1991.0
       words: 762
      flesch: 46
     summary: Papers on Islam and ethnoaesthetics, focusing on representations and other forms of art in Africa and the Middle East were also presented by Nkiru Nzegwu (State Univ., Binghampton, NY) and Irene Bierman (Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA). Richard Antoun, (State Univ., Binghampton, NY) discussed the ethnic mosaic model and suggested that Muslims in the United States need to assert, affirm, and confirm their identity.
    keywords: islam; state; univ
       cache: ajiss-2637.pdf
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        item: #1478 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2638
      author: Amin, Ahmad
       title: A Missing Link in the Islamic Renaissance
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1824
      flesch: 66
     summary: They also knew very little about Arab or European literature, or Arab science - all that they knew about Arab culture was what they remembered fmm the grammar books and literature which they had read during their youth. Such scholars follow a path which is not the path of other people, and they take as their guide that which is not the guide of other people.
    keywords: culture; islamic; people; scholars
       cache: ajiss-2638.pdf
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        item: #1479 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2639
      author: Haron, Muhammad
       title: Arabic and Islamic Studies in South Africa
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1824
      flesch: 66
     summary: They also knew very little about Arab or European literature, or Arab science - all that they knew about Arab culture was what they remembered fmm the grammar books and literature which they had read during their youth. Such scholars follow a path which is not the path of other people, and they take as their guide that which is not the guide of other people.
    keywords: culture; islamic; people; scholars
       cache: ajiss-2639.pdf
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        item: #1480 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2640
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1486
      flesch: 46
     summary: This is followed by an examination of the origins of evolutionary thinking in the West, how its eventual acceptance and spread throughout the West ultimately displaced Christian beliefs and institutions on a massive scale, and how the resulting secular civiIization produced by it is threatening to sweep aside and destroy traditional Islamic civilization. Zaidi Sattar shows that the literature on Islamic economics has yet to come up with a sufficient amount of research on behavioral relations govern- ing investment in physical capital.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; paper; qur’an; social
       cache: ajiss-2640.pdf
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        item: #1481 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2641
      author: Khalil, Imaduddin
       title: The Qur’an and Modern Science: Observations on Methodology
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5907
      flesch: 57
     summary: These fall into four categories: 1) matters related to the reality, horizons, and aims of science or, to put it more precisely, the “philosophy of science and theory of knowledge,” 2) the methodology of discovering scientific facts, 3) the laws that apply in the various fields of science-particularly natural sciences -called the pure sciences, and 4) those laws discovered through experimental methodology and meant to be applied by a person in hidher capacity as vicegerent of Allah (SWT) on earth, who has been entrusted with the task of creating a higher and better life and a finer world. There are scientific facts that convey more than one aspect of reality.
    keywords: allah; earth; facts; humanity; islamic; laws; life; qur’an; science; swt
       cache: ajiss-2641.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2641.txt

        item: #1482 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2642
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona
       title: Beyond Cultural Parodies and Parodizing Cultures: Shaping A Discourse
        date: 1991.0
       words: 13933
      flesch: 48
     summary: Each would leave his imprint on the paths crossed, beginning with the monumental contribution to laying the foundations of a jiqhi jurisprudence by I& al Shlfi‘i and ending up, five centuries later, in a science of human culture and civilization with Ibn Khaldiin. There are those who maintain the incommensurability of traditions and defend their circularity and closure.
    keywords: abul; american; culture; discourse; episteme; human; ibn; islamic; knowledge; modernity; new; oscillating; parodies; philosophy; point; rationality; reason; sciences; sense; social; tradition; vol; way; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2642.pdf
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        item: #1483 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2643
      author: Ba-Yunus, Ilyas
       title: Sociological Realism: An Islamic Paradigm
        date: 1991.0
       words: 10011
      flesch: 53
     summary: As such, our assumptions about human nature remain fundamental to the analysis of human society, for they are basic to our view of any given individual human act. First, whereas animal and insect communities are species-specific universally, human society varies drastically from place to place.
    keywords: ability; change; class; human; individual; knowledge; nature; new; norms; role; self; social; society; structure; time
       cache: ajiss-2643.pdf
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        item: #1484 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2644
      author: Danner, Victor
       title: Western Evolutionism in the Muslim World
        date: 1991.0
       words: 7977
      flesch: 41
     summary: The second eighteenth-century event that was instrumental in turning the Wst into a de-Christiankd, secularist world was the Industrial Revolution of England. The emerging secularist, humanistic world was everywhere taken as the norm.
    keywords: century; christian; civilization; evolutionism; fundamentalists; islam; islamic; modem; muslim; secularist; social; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2644.pdf
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        item: #1485 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2645
      author: Hashem, Mazen
       title: Assimilation in American Life: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5895
      flesch: 47
     summary: The goal of Islamic assimilation in this regard is to acquire an American ethnic identity, a feeling that the Muslim group has made it, that it successfully kept its Islamicity and maintained its values in a country of value disarray, and that it achieved growth through haliil ways. In respect to cultural assimilation, the paper advocates an interactive process of assimilation on the level of extrinsic cultural traits.
    keywords: american; assimilation; behavior; cultural; host; identity; islamic; minority; muslim; social; society
       cache: ajiss-2645.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2645.txt

        item: #1486 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2646
      author: Arebi, Saddeka
       title: Gender Anthropology in the Middle East: The Politics of Muslim Women’s Misrepresentation
        date: 1991.0
       words: 4205
      flesch: 57
     summary: The view of Islam as a purgatory for women underlies most works written on Muslim women. The Western view of Muslim women is usually cast in terms of an implicit contrast to Christian Europe, a continent in which some see pre-industrial England as a particular paradise for women (ibid., 27).
    keywords: east; family; gender; islam; middle; muslim; press; social; society; university; women
       cache: ajiss-2646.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2646.txt

        item: #1487 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2647
      author: Sattar, Zaidi
       title: A Dynamic Investment Model with Profit-Sharing in an Interest-Free Economy: Methodological Issues
        date: 1991.0
       words: 5498
      flesch: 49
     summary: First, capital market equilibrium is analyzed as follows: Using the investment function: and taking total derivatives, we obtain: Using the condition dI = 0 for capital market equilibrium (CME), and equation (iii’ ) : which yields: dYI CME I2 Using equations (i’) and (ii’) coupled with (13) yields the result for goods market equilibrium (GME) Thus, in a partial equilibrium analysis of the goods and capital markets, fiscal policies appear to have the conventional impact on output, while expansionary fiscal policies help to raise the rate of profit-share in the economy and contractionary policies have the opposite effect.
    keywords: capital; economy; equilibrium; investment; islamic; market; model; profit; rate
       cache: ajiss-2647.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2647.txt

        item: #1488 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2648
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Taqlid and Ijtihad
        date: 1991.0
       words: 6684
      flesch: 51
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 1, 1991 129 Refections Taqlid and Ijtihad The Polemics of Ijtihad From the second hijri century until the present day, the reality, the essence, the rules, the conditions, the premises, the means, and the scope of ijtihad have remained a source of debate engaging some of the Islamic world's greatest theologians, scholars of al wiil, and&&: This debate has also been enriched by proponents of the view that the door of ijtihad was closed and that the fiqh left by the Four Imams obviated the need for any further ijtihad, as well as by those who claimed that this door was still open and that the existing fiqh was not sufficient to guide the contemporary Muslim world. One fundamental part of this return would have to be the use of ijtihad, for how else could Muslims incorporate Islamic principles into situations with which they had never had to deal?
    keywords: ijtihad; islamic; knowledge; methodology; muslim; scholars; social; studies; taqlid; thought; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2648.pdf
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        item: #1489 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2649
      author: Winkel, Eric A.
       title: An Early Crescent: The Future of Knowledge and the Environment in Islam
        date: 1991.0
       words: 3851
      flesch: 49
     summary: Nasr ends with a balanced perspective which may provide a good foundation for a genuine strategy toward modern Western science. Kirmani thus sees that modern Western science is not simply a content-neutral object, but is in fact the purveyor of a paradigm opposed to Islam.
    keywords: environment; islamic; knowledge; muslim; science; west; world
       cache: ajiss-2649.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2649.txt

        item: #1490 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2650
      author: Abu-Rabi’, Ibrahim
       title: Trends and Issues in Contemporary Arab Thought
        date: 1991.0
       words: 7060
      flesch: 50
     summary: Any serious study of the impact of Western modernity on modern Arab society has to consider the following questions: What is the historical background, and what are the contents of Western modernity? As a diverse and complex “intellectual” or “epistemological” construct, Arab thought can be broken down into the following discourses: 1) renaissance discourse; 2) political discourse; 3) national discourse; 4) philosophical discourse; and 5 ) Islamic doctrinal Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi‘ Trends and Issues 159 discourse (Diyib 1988).
    keywords: arab; boullata; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; modernity; modernization; qutb; religion; social; society; thought; tradition; world
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        item: #1491 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2651
      author: Kidwai, A. R.
       title: The Sublime Qur'an and Orientalism: By Muhammad Khalifa. Karachi: International Islamic Publishers (Pvt.) Ltd., 1989, 262pp., second edition.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 720
      flesch: 40
     summary: More serious is the lack of any reference to a host of orientalists' writings on the philological and lexical aspects of the Qur'an, namely Baljon's Modern Muslim Quran Interpretation (1961), Torrey's The Commercial-Theological Terms in the Quran (1892), Watt's 168 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. The theme of the so-called Judea-Christian antecedants of the Qur'an is taken up in Khalifa's book, but he appears to have overlooked some quite significant writings in English on the subject: Hirschfeld (1902), Horovitz's Jewish Proper Names and Derivatives in the Koran (1964), Katsh's Judaism in Islam: Biblical and Talmudic Backgrounds of the Quran and Its Commentaries (1954), and O'Shaughnessy's The Development of the Meaning of Spirit in the &ran (1953).
    keywords: book; qur'an
       cache: ajiss-2651.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2651.txt

        item: #1492 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2652
      author: Taher, Mohamed
       title: Dictionary of Qur'anic Terms and Concepts: By Mustansir Mir. New York: Garland Publishing, 1987, 244pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1056
      flesch: 63
     summary: Though this book has covered mainly Qur’anic terms and concepts, it has admittedly entered into the field of non-Qur’anic terms. The dictionary is arranged in alphabetical form by terms/concepts.
    keywords: dictionary; reference; terms
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        item: #1493 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2653
      author: Winkel, Eric A.
       title: God and Religion in the Postmodern World: By David R. Griffin (series title "Essays in Postmodern Theology"). Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1989, 175pp.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 448
      flesch: 49
     summary: Griffin is not sufficiently aware of the perennial perspective, which makes me predict that Huston Smith will offer quite persuasive arguments against process theology. Throughout the book, Griffin puts forward many original and insightful ways of looking at Western thought, Christian theology, and the rise of modernism.
    keywords: griffin
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        item: #1494 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2654
      author: Rashid, Salim
       title: Religion, Economics and Social Thought: By Walter Block and Irving Hexham (eds.). Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute, 1986.
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1014
      flesch: 61
     summary: The description of Judaism and the Market Mechanism by Meir Tamari provides many parallels with Islamic market supervi ion, and there is even The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 8, No. 1, 1991 173 note of a “normal price.” It is indeed 174 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vd. 8, No. 1, 1991 incumbent upon all Muslims called upon to judge in accordance with justice and God's will.
    keywords: judaism; social; state
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        item: #1495 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2655
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Social Sciences and Social Change: An Islamic Perspective The 19th Annual Conference of the AMSS Dearborn, Michigan Rabi 'al Akhir 6-8, 1411/October 26-28, 1990
        date: 1991.0
       words: 2825
      flesch: 44
     summary: The conference highlights included a keynote address by Ali Mazrui, Albert Schweitzer Professor in the Humanities, State University of New York at Binghamton, and addresses by )\bdull:lamid AbiiSulayman, past president of AMSS and current rector of the Islamic University of Malaysia, and Munir Ahmad Khan, director of the Pakstan Atomic Energy Commission. In the first panel, Ahmed M. Abo-Hebeish of Northrop Corporation discussed the framework of debtor-creditor relations as the foundation of financial accounting in Islam, and Mohamed A. El-Badawi of California State University addressed the issue of computing zakatable funds.
    keywords: american; change; islamic; muslim; new; panel; sciences; session; social; university
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        item: #1496 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2656
      author: Sattar, Zaidi
       title: Report on the Third Seminar on Islamic Economics: Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Framework The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. Herefeld Auduorium, Hannan Hall Jumada al Akhirah 4-5, 1411 December 22-23, 1990
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1420
      flesch: 36
     summary: Citing from the Holy Qur’an and the works of Islamic scholars, he stressed that Islamic thought has much to offer in the emancipation of the ummah from the debilitating influence of colonialism. I, 1991 181 Seminars, Conferences, Addresses Report on the Third Seminar on Islamic Economics: Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Framework The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. Herefe/d Auduorium, Hannan Hall Jumada al Akhirah 4-5, /4ll/December 22-23, 1990
    keywords: economics; interest; investment; islamic; university
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        item: #1497 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2657
      author: Yusuf, Mufti M.Y.M.
       title: Imam al Tirmidhi and the Modern Age: An International Conference Tashkent, Uzbekistan, USSR Safar 24-27, 1411/September 14-17, 1990
        date: 1991.0
       words: 393
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Board should seek the cooperation of Islamic research organizations overseas in establishing an institute for the study and research on the hadith and on the lives of the mul].addithun. • Regular meetings should be held in Uzbekistan to further develop and enrich the science of hadith. A university should be established in honor of Imam Tirmidhi.
    keywords: board; conference
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        item: #1498 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2658
      author: Abu-Rabi‘, Ibrahim M.
       title: The Middle East Studies Association of North America: San Antonio, Texas Rabi' al Akhir 21-24, 1411 November 10-13, 1990
        date: 1991.0
       words: 1489
      flesch: 42
     summary: Mahmood brahim of California State Polytechnic University spoke on iqti 'and the periodization of Islamic history, and Peter von Sivers of the University of Utah discussed the organization of agricultural labor in medieval Islamic society. The MESA conference also featured a number of talk on Islamic history, the political economy of the Muslim world, the current situation of Islamic activism and resurgence, and the Islamization of knowledge.
    keywords: islamic; middle; muslim; number; social; university
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        item: #1499 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2659
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur’an: Comments by AbdulHamid A. AbuSulayman
        date: 1991.0
       words: 3514
      flesch: 72
     summary: Say: “Obey Allah and His Messenger”: But if they turn back, Allah loveth not those Who reject Faith. In the above verses we find Allah (SWT) expressing in the Qur’an His relationship with human beings and their good qualities in terms of love.
    keywords: allah; islamic; love; social
       cache: ajiss-2659.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2659.txt

        item: #1500 of 2426
          id: ajiss-266
      author: Shafieyan, Mahdi
       title: Derrida’s Shadow in the Light of Islamic Studies: An Analysis of Binary Relations in the Qur’an
        date: 2015.0
       words: 7989
      flesch: 61
     summary: Derrida’s Shadow in the Light of Islamic Studies: An Analysis of Binary Relations in the Qur’an Mahdi Shafieyan Abstract Jacques Derrida believed that metaphysics in the West has in- volved installing hierarchies, orders, and binaries in which one party enjoys the presence of a feature that the other party wants. Clearly Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), as this no- tion’s advocate, is the major thinker in my postmodernist discussion, despite some references to other sources.
    keywords: ajiss32; binaries; binary; derrida; difference; god; islamic; opposition; page; qur’an; trans; words; writing
       cache: ajiss-266.pdf
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        item: #1501 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2661
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: Editorial
        date: 1990.0
       words: 1304
      flesch: 43
     summary: * viii The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. 1, 1990 Mona Abul-Fadl carries the debate in the disciplines to its epistemic foundations and this makes it possible to postulate alternative valid conceptions of social sciences compatible with different intellectual traditions. Scores of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars are completing their doctoral dissertations in social sciences involving issues related to Islam and Muslim society.
    keywords: contemporary; islamic; science; social
       cache: ajiss-2661.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2661.txt

        item: #1502 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2662
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1990.0
       words: 1515
      flesch: 77
     summary: While seeking Grace from Allah And (His) Good Pleasure, And aiding Allah and His Messenger: Such are indeed The sincere ones- Simh A1 Hashr (59:8) , That ye believe in Allah And His Messenger, and that Ye suive (your utmost)
    keywords: allah; wealth
       cache: ajiss-2662.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2662.txt

        item: #1503 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2663
      author: al Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Political Science in the Legacy of Classical Islamic Literature
        date: 1990.0
       words: 2249
      flesch: 45
     summary: Second, this intellectual void forced the imposition by default of Western political perspective and experience as authoritative sources in the field of Islamic political science. Indeed, the models of application from Islamic history, the variety of experience in terms of how closely, or otherwise, these models approximated the stated Islamic ideal, the different positions adopted by the traditional scholars vis- a-vis such models, all of these factors give credence to the statement that Islamic culture and learning are bereft of a science of Islamic political thought.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; religion; science; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2663.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2663.txt

        item: #1504 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2664
      author: Ibrahim, Anwar
       title: Towards a Contemporary Philosophy of Islamic Science
        date: 1990.0
       words: 3266
      flesch: 45
     summary: Our attempts to develop a contemporary Islamic philosophy of science cannot be divorced from Islamic science in history. In shaping a contemporary philosophy of science, we need to search history for answers, among numerous others, to fundamental questions: (1) What was original and Islamic about Islamic science; and (2) How did Muslim scientists infuse and interpret the ethics and values of Islam into their work?
    keywords: contemporary; islamic; philosophy; science; theories; theory
       cache: ajiss-2664.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2664.txt

        item: #1505 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2665
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona
       title: Contrasting Epistemics: Tawhid, the Vocationst and Social Theory
        date: 1990.0
       words: 11687
      flesch: 46
     summary: As social theory is ultimately shaped in this kind of discourse, the link between episteme and society is evident. To understand the promise, as well as the challenges, of a strategy deploying a Contrasting Episteme and, to be able to grasp its implications for social theory, two questions should be asked.
    keywords: context; contrasting; culture; episteme; human; inquiry; islamic; knowledge; median; mode; muslim; order; sciences; social; social sciences; system; terms; theory; way; world
       cache: ajiss-2665.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2665.txt

        item: #1506 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2666
      author: Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
       title: The Approved and Disapproved Varieties of Ra’y (Personal Opinion) In Islam
        date: 1990.0
       words: 13382
      flesch: 58
     summary: al-Maqdisi al-Hanbali, Al-kiib al-Shar‘iyah wa a l - M i ‘Abd al-Razziiq ‘Afifi, (Beit: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1402/1982), M. H. Kamali
    keywords: bid'ah; bid'uh; freedom; god; hamdard; ibn; islamabad; islamic; karachi; opinion; prophet; qur’an; ray; right; social; speech; sunnah; truth; type; university; views
       cache: ajiss-2666.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2666.txt

        item: #1507 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2668
      author: al 'Alwani, Taha J.
       title: Political Science in the Legacy of Classical Islamic Literature
        date: 1990.0
       words: 2249
      flesch: 45
     summary: Second, this intellectual void forced the imposition by default of Western political perspective and experience as authoritative sources in the field of Islamic political science. Indeed, the models of application from Islamic history, the variety of experience in terms of how closely, or otherwise, these models approximated the stated Islamic ideal, the different positions adopted by the traditional scholars vis- a-vis such models, all of these factors give credence to the statement that Islamic culture and learning are bereft of a science of Islamic political thought.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; religion; science; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2668.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2668.txt

        item: #1508 of 2426
          id: ajiss-267
      author: Moten, Abdul Rashid
       title: Striving for Islamic governance: Varying Contexts, Different Strategies
        date: 2015.0
       words: 9258
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, Muslim scholars continued to debate the nature and character- istics of Islamic government. Graduates of Islamic schools are now accepted into secular universities on equal terms with their peers from secular high schools.
    keywords: ajiss32; country; education; governance; government; islamic; islamization; mahathir; malaysia; muslim; new; page; pakistan; policies; public; schools; shari‘ah; social; state; turkey; university
       cache: ajiss-267.pdf
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        item: #1509 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2671
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media By Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky; New York: Pantheon Books, 1988, 413 pp., $14.50.
        date: 1990.0
       words: 410
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this process, they discovered several instances of misuse of mass media and of media research for commercial and political purposes. 111e Segmented Society offered a sociological interpretation of mass media contents which, according to him, aggravated the growing isolation of individuals from their social organizations.
    keywords: media
       cache: ajiss-2671.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2671.txt

        item: #1510 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2672
      author: Abdullah, Omer Bin
       title: The Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists: Brockport, New York Rabi' al Awwal 28-30, 1410/October 27-29, 1989
        date: 1990.0
       words: 391
      flesch: 47
     summary: One highlight of the Conference was the well-attended Interfaith Trialogue which was addressed by Dr. James Evans of Colgate Divinity School, Dr. Tamara Sann of St. John Fisher College, Rabbi Judea Miller of Rochester, NY, and Dr. Jamal Badawi of Halifax University, Nova Scotia, Canada. The First Session comprised two panels: Business and Economics in Islam where Dr. Ausaf Ali reflected on the Systemized Theory of the Islamic Economy.
    keywords: conference
       cache: ajiss-2672.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2672.txt

        item: #1511 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2673
      author: Hussain, S. Mazhar
       title: International Conference on Muslim Minority /Majority Relations: New York, NY Rabi' al awwal 23-25, 1410/October 24-26, 1989
        date: 1990.0
       words: 43
      flesch: 57
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. l, 1990 103 publication of the conference papers which would become a source of valuable information and a reference for scholars all over the world. S. Mazhar Hussain Muslim World League New York
    keywords: world
       cache: ajiss-2673.pdf
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        item: #1512 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2674
      author: Farhan, Ishaq; Rashdan, Mahmoud
       title: Towards Developing Contemporary Education Theory: The International Institute of Islamic Thought (Washington) and The Islamic Studies and Research Association (Amman) Amman, Jordan Muharram 3-6; 1411 July 24-26, l990
        date: 1990.0
       words: 283
      flesch: 35
     summary: Amman, Jordan Mu�arram J.6; J411July 24-26, l990 With the increased interest in Islamic countries to adopt a way of life based on Islamic law, the need has intensified for practical and scientific Islamic alternatives to social and economic problems facing the world in general and the Islamic nations in particular. The effects of these efforts has resulted in emphasizing the successful role of Islamic education in shaping the person, rebuilding society, and contributing to civilization.
    keywords: islamic
       cache: ajiss-2674.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2674.txt

        item: #1513 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2679
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: Editorial
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1364
      flesch: 55
     summary: The study of nature tlnd human factors in Muslim history underlines the role dhuman inteiligenee and action which is q u i d by the @rib and the Sunnah for success in this life and the lwma€kz. &man admated a mom empmkmive edvemge of the sowces of Muslim history, bath written and oaJ in diverse lanpqps ofthe Mudim world. The Muslim educators themselves are Westernized, teaching materials are not suited for Islamic education, and the Islamic studies conducted in the West are superficial.
    keywords: history; islamic; muslim; social
       cache: ajiss-2679.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2679.txt

        item: #1514 of 2426
          id: ajiss-268
      author: Adeel, M. Ashraf
       title: Moderation in Greek and Islamic Traditions, and a Virtue Ethics of the Qur’an
        date: 2015.0
       words: 12795
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Recent Revival of Virtue Ethics in the West There are currently three major approaches in ethical philosophy: Kantian- ism, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. These two dominant approaches have recently been challenged by the re- vival of an historical tradition of ethics known as virtue ethics, which can be traced back to Homer, Plato, and Aristotle.
    keywords: action; community; contemporary; ethics; hasan_ajiss; human; islamic; moderation; muslim; order; page; qur’an; social; soul; temperance; virtue; virtue ethics
       cache: ajiss-268.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-268.txt

        item: #1515 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2680
      author: Mas’ud, Muhammad Khalid
       title: Studies in Qur’an and Hadith: The Formation of the Islamic Law of Inheritance by David S. Powers; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986, 263 pp. (Appendices, Glossary Bibliography, Index and Tables).
        date: 1989.0
       words: 3276
      flesch: 63
     summary: David S. Powers’ book, originally a doctoral dissertation submitted to Princeton University, is a welcome addition to the already growing corpus of studies revising Joseph Schacht’s thesis that Islamic law did not exist dur- ing the lifetime of the Prophet. The thesis presented in this book can be summarized as follows: Islamic law began to develop with Qur‘anic legislation which was more clear and systematic on the subject of inheritance.
    keywords: author; inheritance; islamic; law; property; reading
       cache: ajiss-2680.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2680.txt

        item: #1516 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2681
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: Religion and Peace in the Middle East: Edited by Frank Kaufmann and Justine Watson; Council for the World’s Religions, 1988
        date: 1989.0
       words: 872
      flesch: 43
     summary: The conference was intended to discuss the role of religion in the pursuit of peace in the Middle East. The “integrationists” are the ones who believe that religion determines the ultimate aims of life and political values to be pursued, but the means and rules to kilitate the pursuit of these ultimate values must be developed by man himself.
    keywords: east; middle; religion
       cache: ajiss-2681.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2681.txt

        item: #1517 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2682
      author: Sarwar, Ghulam
       title: Reconstruction of Culture and Islam: by Prof Mohammad Taqi Amini, (author); Z. A. Usmani (Translator); Lahore: Siddiqe-e-Akbar Academy, Sole Distributors; Amjad Academy, 40, Urdu Bazar, Lahore, 270 pp.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 634
      flesch: 53
     summary: Also, he mentions the effects and implications of Western civilization on modern life and evaluates the impact of two conflicting ideologies. Good deeds, on the other hand, comprehend both the inner and outward facets of life and they comprehend the whole being of man.
    keywords: islamic; life
       cache: ajiss-2682.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2682.txt

        item: #1518 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2683
      author: Ahmed, Akbar S.
       title: Islam and Society in Southeast Asia: Edited by Taufik Abdullah and Sharon Siddique, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1987.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1964
      flesch: 52
     summary: This book is an attempt to contribute to that movement by offering a defmi- tion of Islamic anthropology” (p. ix). There is useful material in this book and some harsh commentary on the present teachugs of Islamic studies: “Teachmg materials are of poor quality and textbooks are outdated” (“Dimensions of Islamic Education” by Kamal Hassan, p. 47).
    keywords: anthropology; book; davies; index; muslim; social
       cache: ajiss-2683.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2683.txt

        item: #1519 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2684
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf Talal
       title: Fundamentalism, Revivalists, and Violence in South Asia: Edited by James Warner Bjorkman Riverdale Company, Riverdale, MD 1988, 193 pp.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 2101
      flesch: 50
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 347 In Fundamentalism, Revivalists, and violence in South Asia, the editor, Dr. Bjorkman has included essays, in addition to his own introductory piece, by four Western scholars, and by four Eastern scholars, one each from the faiths discussed. The following chapters examine, explore, and explain aspects of religious fundamentalism, self-righteous revivalists, and murderous mayhem among the four major faiths of South Asia.% Then, evincing his concern for the human situation in the area, and his own obviously painful experiences there, Dr. Bjorkman continues: “. . .
    keywords: asia; fundamentalism; islamic; south; violence
       cache: ajiss-2684.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2684.txt

        item: #1520 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2685
      author: Pakistan Office, IIIT -
       title: Qur’anic Concepts of Human Psyche: Lahore, Pakistan. Sha‘ban 25 1409/April 3, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1125
      flesch: 59
     summary: Most of these presen- tations were in the form of written papers, although some papers were in the form of drafts. During the recent past a number of Muslim psychologists in Pakistan as well as other countries have attempted to develop a greater understanding of basic Islamic sources for an alternate view of human psyche.
    keywords: prof; qur’an; seminar
       cache: ajiss-2685.pdf
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        item: #1521 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2686
      author: USA, IIIT -
       title: The Seminar on the Impact of Islamic Lifestyles on the Health and Development of Mankind: Amman, Jordan. Dhu al Qi’dah 19-22, 1409/June 23-26, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1312
      flesch: 31
     summary: 6 . defining the Islamic lifestyles which promote and maintain a healthy life, and calling for their adoption through chan- nels appropriate for the circumstances of each country; providing the most favorable conditions for promoting and maintaining health and healthy lifestyles -without violating these conditions whether by publicizing lifestyles detrimental to health, producing materials that are harmful to health, or propagating unhealthy behavior; promoting the comprehensive development of local societies, and helping them to realize their basic needs through self- dependence - this being a more practical approach aimed at the adoption of healthy lifestyles; reorienting the institutions of health, education, culture, and information in a way that would promote health and encourage healthy lifestyles, especially those of the type mentioned in the appended document; reorienting the institutions of health education so as to give a humanitarian character to health vocations by making them missions rather than professions; and devoting a decade for strengthening efbrts aimed at hplemen- ting a plan devised by the concerned bodies for the purpose of propagating Islamic lifestyles. In order to realize universal health by the year 2000, the Seminar on the Impact of Islamic Lif'estyles on the Health and Development of Mankind- meeting in Amman, Jordan - issued the following declaration for the impme- ment of health:
    keywords: health; islamic; lifestyles; seminar
       cache: ajiss-2686.pdf
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        item: #1522 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2687
      author: Mahdi, Syed Iqbal
       title: Islamic Economics and the Economy of Indian Muslims: New Delhi, India. Dhu al Hiijah 17-20, 1409/ July 21-24, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1000
      flesch: 57
     summary: The International Seminar on Islamic Economics and the Economy of Indian Muslims was held July 21-24, 1989 in the Convention Center of Ham- dard University, New Delhi, India, under the auspices of the Institute of Objective Studies (IOS). There were 10 sessions, with over 60 participants, on various aspects of Islamic Economics as well as on the economy of Indian Muslims.
    keywords: islamic; muslims
       cache: ajiss-2687.pdf
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        item: #1523 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2688
      author: Cairo Office, IIIT -
       title: Indexing of the Qur’an: Cairo, Egypt Dhu al Hijjah 15-16, 1409/ July 18-19, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1796
      flesch: 53
     summary: Fifth: Indexing Method 1-The indexing process begins by carefully mdmg the Holy Qur'an verse by verse, examining each verse and recalhg the broad categories of the sciences being classified, perhaps relating to one or more verse. This requires that every meaning should be put on a separate card, whether it is derived from the whole verse, a portion of it, or a series of sequential verses as arranged in the Qur’an.
    keywords: knowledge; meaning; sources; verse
       cache: ajiss-2688.pdf
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        item: #1524 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2689
      author: Cairo Office, IIIT -
       title: Issues in Methodology of Islamic Thought: Safar 9-12, 1410/September 11-14, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 2419
      flesch: 44
     summary: The seminar further stresses the necessity of supporting the organizations which work in the scientific, intellectual and 32 33 cultural areas, also the universities of Muslim countries that are concerned with Islamic methodology as the fundamental element in the cultural program, in order to re-start the up- swing of the Muslim world. 10 - An evaluation of the methodological epistomology of the con- tributions made by Dr. Muhammad al Jundi.
    keywords: islamic; methodology; sciences; seminar
       cache: ajiss-2689.pdf
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        item: #1525 of 2426
          id: ajiss-269
      author: Wilkinson, Taraneh
       title: Moderation and al-Ghazali in Turkey: Responses to Skepticism, Modernity, and Pluralism
        date: 2015.0
       words: 6780
      flesch: 56
     summary: Drawing on al-Ghazali’s Mishkāt, Al-Munqidh, and his theological work Al-Iqtiṣād fi al-I‘tiqād, Bayrakdar argues that for al-Ghazali faith (īmān) is not merely the work of the heart but also of the mind,28 and that his interpretation of Pascal’s wager reflects his interpretation of al-Ghazali’s interpretation.29 34 However, he con- cludes this section with an argument for al-Ghazali’s influence on Pascal not only on the matter of Pascal’s wager, but more generally as well.16 To do this, Bayrakdar meticulously lists the transmission history of al-Ghazali’s works into Europe as well as the main figures of medieval European intellectual his- tory known to have been affected by these translated works.17 By doing so he attempts to close the gaps between al-Ghazali’s influence on medieval Euro- pean debates and those to which Pascal responded.
    keywords: aslan; bayrakdar; ghazali; hasan_ajiss; islamic; moderation; muslim; pascal; pluralism; theology; turkey; turkish; wager
       cache: ajiss-269.pdf
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        item: #1526 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2690
      author: Tekir, Sabri
       title: Modelling Interest- Free Economy, A Study in Macro-Economics and Development
        date: 1989.0
       words: 950
      flesch: 50
     summary: Since Islamic countries and Muslim scholars are just now trying to develop a new banking system according to Islamic prin- ciples, we should be strictly careful when using the term “Islamic Banks.” Islamic financial institutions conduct their operations in ways that steer clear of interest and conform to the Sharia, the Islamic code of law and ethics (p. 7).”
    keywords: islamic; social; system
       cache: ajiss-2690.pdf
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        item: #1527 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2691
      author: al Disuqi, Rasha
       title: Royall Tyler’s Thee Algerine Captive and the Barbary Orient”
        date: 1989-12-01
       words: 10.35632/ajis.v6i2.2691
      flesch: The first problem is constant quotations of distorted Islamic image portrayals,and a one and a half page dialogue without evaluation. If the dialoguedoes anything, it increases hostility between Muslim and non-Muslim withoutproviding a critical Islamic evaluation. Options are: examination of sources,Orientalist roots, Tyler’s erroneous characterization, all with enhancementof Islamic values, correcting the thought process. One option the paper missesis captivity due to piracy- a Western coinage invented to cover up the West’sillegitimate attack of Muslim shores. Historically, the Muslims were on thedefensive from the previous century, when Spain and Portugal raided theirshores and persecuted Moriscos, Moroccans, and Islamic North Africa.America joined later, assuming the Muslims’ guilt. That captivity brings outan awareness of the despotic American slavery system is not the sole valueof Underhill’s experience. That he continues forming erroneous judgementsbased on racial biases is more important. The entire experience provides astroke of Islamic irony. While a Christian fails to judge Islam, Islam’s systemof equality in the eyes of God renders Underhill’s awareness stale, captivitya legend, and blindness of war purpose ignorance. Of course the issue couldbe discussed in more profundity and length. If the Islamic perspective is notbrought out, then, the casual non-Muslim reader may read the paper as anadventure of a romantic nationalist when war was a romantic enterprise. Inthis way, the Islamic thesis is lost. There has to be a definite awareness ofthe historical context of such Orientalist writings. This issue is extremely crucialfor Muslim scholars and sheds light on the purpose of Orientalist works witha political goal. We will not go so far as researching who has created racism,or who has created slavery in the American system, which are equally validpoints for this paper, but we should see the historical milieu of this work.Placement in context helps Muslims understand academic endeavors atmisrepresenting Islam at this point in history.The author’s paper entitled “In Search of the Orient: The Muslim Easton the Contemporary American Literary Scene,’’ published by the InternationalInstitute of Islamic and Arabic Studies is of much hgher quality becauseof covering new ground, although it does not mention an important work bya Muslim scholar, Dr. Layla al-Farsy; “Washington Irving’s Mahomet: A Studyof the Sources.” ...
     summary: None
    keywords: american; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2691The International Institute of Islamic Thought
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        item: #1528 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2692
      author: None
       title: ajiss-2692
        date: None
       words: 150
      flesch: 45
     summary: Its discussion about Islamic Ethics is superficial. 378 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 Views and Comments Islamic Ethics: Concept and Prospect
    keywords: ethics
       cache: ajiss-2692.pdf
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        item: #1529 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2693
      author: None
       title: ajiss-2693
        date: None
       words: 1201
      flesch: 51
     summary: Mohammad Hashim Kamali explores specific concepts and instances where Islamic law can be imaginatively applied . He strongly argues against the possibility of developing Islamic anthropology within the ethnocentric and positivistic framework of Western anthropology.
    keywords: islamic; paper; sciences; social
       cache: ajiss-2693.pdf
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        item: #1530 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2694
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona
       title: Paradigms in Political Science Revisited: Critical Options and Muslim Perspectives
        date: 1989.0
       words: 2922
      flesch: 52
     summary: Wyn Davies, Islamic Science: Current Thinking and Future Directions in Ziauddin Sarclar. that coming from a history and philosophy of science perspective.
    keywords: debate; islamic; knowledge; muslim; paradigm; perspective; science; social
       cache: ajiss-2694.pdf
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        item: #1531 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2695
      author: Al Disuqi, Rasha
       title: Toward Islamization of the Non-Visual Arts: A Brief Discussion of Some Crucial Issues
        date: 1989.0
       words: 4134
      flesch: 59
     summary: al Din al Albani, SaJ.11~1 Muslim (Dimashq: al Maktab al Islam- 1, 1972), Hadith 1852 p. 489. 4The Arabic title is al Naqd al Aba<li U~uluh wa Manahijuh (Beirut: Dar al Shuniq, 1980) .
    keywords: allah; art; arts; expression; islamic; man; nature; prophet; qur'an; work
       cache: ajiss-2695.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2695.txt

        item: #1532 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2696
      author: Moore, Kathleen
       title: New Claimants to Religious Tolerance and Protection: A Case Study of American and Canadian Muslims
        date: 1989.0
       words: 3781
      flesch: 52
     summary: A diverse assortment of faiths now represents a sizable number of North American religious adherents. A commitment to pluralism has been an important part of the heritage of North American societies, especially Canada, since their inception and yet what is meant by reference to the Judeo-Christian tradition remains am­ biguous.
    keywords: american; christian; islam; islamic; judeo; muslims; new; north; society; states; tolerance; united
       cache: ajiss-2696.pdf
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        item: #1533 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2697
      author: Momin, A. R.
       title: Islamization of Anthropological Knowledge
        date: 1989.0
       words: 4811
      flesch: 44
     summary: I deals with the corpus of Western anthropology; Part D is concerned with the aim and scope of Islamic anthropology. There is hardly any serious attempt to bring the discussion on Western anthropology contained in J>-art I to bear on the aim and scope of Islamic anthropology.
    keywords: ahmed; anthropology; islamic; knowledge; muslim; sciences; social; view; world
       cache: ajiss-2697.pdf
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        item: #1534 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2698
      author: Abu Mahmood, IJyas
       title: New Dimensions in Sociology: A Physico-Chemical Approach to Human Behavior by Mirza Arshad Ali Beg; Karachi: Hamdard Foundation Press, 1987.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 2246
      flesch: 56
     summary: Dr. Beg had in mind to shock sociologists into reading his book from cover to cover, he must be congratulated, for, no doubt, the title is intriguing, to say the least. Dr. Beg has also held several important posts in national and international organizations.
    keywords: beg; book; social; sociology
       cache: ajiss-2698.pdf
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        item: #1535 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2699
      author: Mathur, Krishna D.
       title: Hyderabad: After the Fall by Omar Khalidi; Wichita, Kansas: Hyderabad Historical Society, 1988.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 423
      flesch: 51
     summary: The Five Day War, by Mir Laiq Ali, is a sad commentary on the plight of Hyderabad forces resisting the Indian offensive that began September 13. 1948. Just as innocent Hindus suffered at the hands of Rizakars during 1947-48 , so did innocent Muslims at the hands of the Indian army after Hyderabad troops surrendered on September 18, 1948.
    keywords: hyderabad; muslims
       cache: ajiss-2699.pdf
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        item: #1536 of 2426
          id: ajiss-270
      author: Alagha, Joseph
       title: Moderation and the Performing Arts in Contemporary Muslim Societies
        date: 2015.0
       words: 11104
      flesch: 55
     summary: Dirāsāt fī al-Fikr al-Siyāsī ‘ind al-Imām al-Khomeini (Studies in the Political Thought of Imam Khomeini) (Beirut: Al-Ghadir, 2002), 175-85; Mahmasani, Falsafat Al-Tashrī‘ fī al-Islām, 137-245. 29. Khomeini, Dirāsāt fī al-Fikr al-Siyāsī, 173-75. 30.
    keywords: ajiss32; art; bannah; dancing; deeds; fiqh; god; good; hasan_ajiss; ibid; islamic; jurisprudence; kamali; law; maṣlaḥah; moderation; page; social; wa al
       cache: ajiss-270.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-270.txt

        item: #1537 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2700
      author: Khalidi, Omar
       title: Ethnic Groups and U.S. Foreign Policy: Edited by Mohammed E. Ahrari; New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 264
      flesch: 59
     summary: as with his other books (OPEC, the Failing Giant, and The Dynamics of Oil Diplomacy) has broken new ground in the emerging field of ethnic influences on foreign policies. The book under review fortunately does have a connecting theme: the efforts of various ethnic Americans to influence foreign policy on behalf of countries or commuruties.
    keywords: americans
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        item: #1538 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2701
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: Interfaith Directory: Edited with an Introduction by Francis Clark; New York: International Religious Foundation, 1987, x+ 178 pp.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 863
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Interfaith Directory sponsored by the CWR is one important step toward disseminating information about other organizations and agencies working for interreligious harmony and concord. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of many groups, agencies and organizations around the globe that are working in the field of interreligious dialogue and understanding.
    keywords: index; interfaith; new; organizations
       cache: ajiss-2701.pdf
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        item: #1539 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2702
      author: Blankenship, Khalid Y.
       title: Islamic History: a Framework for Inquiry (Studies in Middle Eastern History, No. 9) by R. Stephen Humphreys; Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1988, 375 pp.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1378
      flesch: 50
     summary: each dealing with a broad problem of Islamic history and detailing the sources relevant to that problem. As a general annotated bibliography, Humphreys' work is certainly a useful resource for students of Islamic history.
    keywords: history; humphreys; islamic; sources
       cache: ajiss-2702.pdf
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        item: #1540 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2703
      author: Abu-Rabi', Ibrahim M.
       title: Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity: by William Montgomery J#itr; London and New York: Routledge, 1988, 158 pp., cloth.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1499
      flesch: 47
     summary: Watt's emphasis on the conflict between Islam and modernity is highlighted by his fuilure to grasp the true nature of Islamic epistemology and its successive transfonnation through the system of the Shari'ah. Furthermore, he contends that apart from the particular dangers inherent in the idealiz.ation of early Islam, there is a general danger, namely, that the community becomes so obsessed with recreating something past that it fails to see and deal with the real challenges and problems of the present (p. 22).
    keywords: islamic; muslim; watt; world
       cache: ajiss-2703.pdf
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        item: #1541 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2704
      author: Azam, lkram
       title: The Muslim World: Geography and Development by Dr. Mushtaqur Rahman; Lanham: University Press of America, 1987, 190 pp.
        date: 1989.0
       words: 974
      flesch: 49
     summary: The third author emphasizes that Islamic development is holistic, aiming at the moral man in a moral society. Islamic development is necessarily comprehensive, which associates material development with 172 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. l, 1989 spiritual and moral values of religion.
    keywords: development; islamic; social; world
       cache: ajiss-2704.pdf
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        item: #1542 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2705
      author: Danish, Iqbal
       title: Ethics In Islam: Haryana, India, Dhu Al Hijjah 15-16, 1409/ July 30-31, 1988
        date: 1989.0
       words: 3802
      flesch: 59
     summary: Prophets live for moral values and make sacrifices for the establishment of a moral order in society. Islam has given us moral values, not an organized ethical system.
    keywords: ethical; ethics; god; islamic; man; morality; prof
       cache: ajiss-2705.pdf
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        item: #1543 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2706
      author: Irving, T. B.
       title: North African Conferences on Islamic Themes: Zaghwan, Tunisia Sha'ban 7-11. 1409,March 15-19. 1989 Rabat, Morocco Shawwal 25-27. 1409/May 31-June 2, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1615
      flesch: 55
     summary: For this participant in the meeting, the chief feature was the opportunity to meet a panel of experts from several Muslim and non-Muslim countries, who discussed the implications of this vulgar publication. From both these conferences, it seems that Islam and its history, especially on these controversial issues, is not well known by either Muslims themselves or by the non-Muslim public.
    keywords: islamic; morisco; muslim; spain
       cache: ajiss-2706.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2706.txt

        item: #1544 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2707
      author: Khalidi, Omar
       title: Third Conference of Council of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists (COMLIS III): Istanbul, Turkey Shawwal/21-23, 1409/May 24-26, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 485
      flesch: 33
     summary: I, 1989 185 Conferences/Seminars Third Conference of Council of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists (COMLIS III) Istanbul, Turkey Shaw .. ·ol/21-23. 1409fMay 24-26. 1989 Istanbul, the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate, was the site of the third meeting of The CounciJ of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists at Ataturk Cultural Center in the heart of the city.
    keywords: librarians; muslim
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        item: #1545 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2709
      author: Kashif, Ghayth Nur
       title: Second International Islamic Conference on Prevention of Drugs and Alcohol: Islamabad, Pakistan Shawwal 26-28 1409/June 1-3, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 968
      flesch: 46
     summary: In the fourth session, Ghayth Nur Kashif, one of two Muslim-Americans attending the conference, emphasized the social context of drug abuse and presented a case-study of the positive efforts Muslim-Americans are making in combating the menace of drugs in the U.S. M. Taha Qureshi's paper, Modalities for Drug Abuse Prevention: Pakistan's Experience, that chronicled the emergence of heroin in Pakistan, highlighted the first session.
    keywords: conference; drugs; islamic; social
       cache: ajiss-2709.pdf
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        item: #1546 of 2426
          id: ajiss-271
      author: Baidhawy, Zakiyuddin
       title: The Muhammadiyah’s Promotion of Moderation
        date: 2015.0
       words: 10044
      flesch: 49
     summary: In the perspective of civil society, this movement is neither a political community nor an economic community (market); rather, it is a part of as well as an actor in civil Islam. ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 69 Introduction The discourse about the development of civil society both in the western and Islamic worlds, along with its relationship to the concept of ummah (commu- nity), continues to gain attention.
    keywords: ajiss32; civil; community; hasan_ajiss; idea; islamic; movement; muhammadiyah; nation; new; organization; page; public; religion; role; social; society; sphere; state; ummah
       cache: ajiss-271.pdf
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        item: #1547 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2710
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: Family and Law in Islam: Istanbul, Turkey Shawwal/16-18. 1409/May 17-21 , 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 773
      flesch: 54
     summary: UphoJding Shari'ah as the basis of Muslim family law, Mushirul Haq of Kashmir University pointed out that major difficulties arise when various schools of Muslim jurisprudence do not agree on one interpretation of the Shari'ah. Unlike other conferences, only major assumptions and conclusions were presented by the authors to set the stage for discussion.
    keywords: family; muslim; university
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        item: #1548 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2711
      author: Jordan Office, AJISS - 
       title: The Seminar on "The Sunnah and its Methodology for Structuring Knowledge and Civilization": Amman, Jordan Dhu al Qi'dah 15-18, 1409/June 19-22, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 2211
      flesch: 39
     summary: The first included an overview of previous Sunnah conferences and seminars. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. I. 1989 191 Conferences/Seminars The Seminar on The Sunnah and its Methodology for Structuring Knowledge and Civilization Amman, Jordan Dhu al Qidah LS-18, 14()9/June 19-22, 1989
    keywords: islamic; seminar; sunnah
       cache: ajiss-2711.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2711.txt

        item: #1549 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2712
      author: Zain al-Abedin, Tayyib
       title: Workshop on lslamization of Knowledge: Sokoto, Nigeria Sha'ban 20-22. 1409/March 27-29, 1989
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1364
      flesch: 58
     summary: Measurement of Islamic Religious Knowledge by Dr. A. H. Saleemi. 4. 196 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6.
    keywords: education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; nigeria; workshop
       cache: ajiss-2712.pdf
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        item: #1550 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2713
      author: Tilde, Aliyu Usman
       title: A Critique of lslamization of the Sciences: Its Philosophy and Methodology
        date: 1989.0
       words: 3452
      flesch: 70
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 1. 1989 201 Views and Comments A Critique of lslamization of the Sciences: Its Philosophy and Methodology Aliyu Usman Tilde I agree that all efforts shouJd be made to deprive Science as much as possible of its present materialistic philosophy because we Muslims today are only dragged into sharing the evils of the struggle between Science and Religion which took place in Europe and in which we never participated. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No.
    keywords: earth; islamic; qur'an; reason; religion; science; truth; vol
       cache: ajiss-2713.pdf
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        item: #1551 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2714
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1988.0
       words: 770
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the second, he raises an interesting question concerning whether the role of 'Ulama was based on Islamic issues or was shaped by its response to British power. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 5, No. 2, 1988 V EDITORIAL This issue is unprecedented in a variety of ways.
    keywords: islamic; journal; muslim
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        item: #1552 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2715
      author: Malik, Rizwan
       title: The ‘Ulama and the Religio-Political Developments in Modern India
        date: 1988.0
       words: 3284
      flesch: 55
     summary: It did not reveal an immediate apprehension of an uprising led by such ’ulama in British India itself. ' Islamic penal principles and procedures were not completely abolished in British India until the coming into force of the Indian penal Code of Criminal procedure in 1862, and Islamic rules ofevidence were not entirely abolished until the Evidence Act of 1872.
    keywords: ahmad; aziz; british; india; islamic; muslim; ulama
       cache: ajiss-2715.pdf
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        item: #1553 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2716
      author: Obeidat, Marwan M.
       title: Royall Tyler’s The Algerine Captive and the Barbary Orient: An Example of America’s Early Literary Awareness of the Muslim Near East
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2937
      flesch: 57
     summary: *For further information on American travelers to the region see my article Lured by the Exotic Levant: the Muslim East to the American Traveler of the Nineteenth Century, which was included in the second issue of the Islamic Quarterly of 1987. Toward the end of the eighteenth century, literary magazines provided American readers with such exotic Oriental material as Bathmendi(l787), Myma and Ossmin(1788), and Omar and Fatima (1807).6 Benjamin Franklin wrote such shorter works as A Narrative of the Late Massacres ... (1764), An Arabian Tale (1779), and On the Slave Trade (1790).
    keywords: american; barbary; east; islam; literature; muslim; orient; underhill; university
       cache: ajiss-2716.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2716.txt

        item: #1554 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2717
      author: Zaman, M. Raquibuz
       title: Some Issues In Risk Management and Insurance In a Non-Muslim State
        date: 1988.0
       words: 4594
      flesch: 57
     summary: For those who buy life insurance policies, the main objective is to protect their earnings so that in their absence their W e s do not become destitute and public charges. It is the contention of this author that life insurance policies should only be purchased for protection and not for accumulation of wealth.
    keywords: companies; insurance; islamic; life; losses; policies; policy; risk; state
       cache: ajiss-2717.pdf
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        item: #1555 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2718
      author: Siddiqui, Rashid
       title: The Intellectual Role of Islamizing Librarianship
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1321
      flesch: 51
     summary: Disciplines like Islamic economics, Islamic anthropology, Islamic science and Islamic features will not be looked at with favor by Western academics and by the editors of Western journals. Conferences of Muslim Librarians and Information Scientists held in 1982 and 1986 highlighted some of the factors causing the lack of bibliographical control of Islamic material by Muslim countries and recommended setting up of a World Islamic Bibliographic Centre.
    keywords: classification; islamic; library; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2718.pdf
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        item: #1556 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2719
      author: Abu-Sulaiman, Abdulaziz M. 
       title: Crisis in the Built Environment The Case of the Muslim City: by Jamel Akbar; Concept Media Pte Ltd, 1988, 261 pp.
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1279
      flesch: 46
     summary: The combination of these three areas have generated five possible relationships or forms of submission which include: unified (the same party owns, controls and uses the property), dispersed (three independent partia are involved; one owns the property, a second controls it and a third uses it), permissive (a party that uses a property and has to deal with the party which owns and controls it), possessive (the party that uses and controls a property has to deal with the party which owns the property), and trusteeship 280 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 5, No. 2, 1988 (the party that controls the property has to deal with the party which owns and uses it). A detailed discussion of various forms of submission and the mechanisms that affect the shaping and state of the traditional Muslim environment is presented in the first section.
    keywords: environment; property; submission
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        item: #1557 of 2426
          id: ajiss-272
      author: Shore, Paul
       title: An Early Jesuit Encounter with the Qur’an: Ignazio Lomellini’s Animadversiones, Notae ac Disputationes in Pestilentem Alcoranum
        date: 2017.0
       words: 9830
      flesch: 58
     summary: Ignazio is probably identical with “Ignazio Lomellini priest,” son of Carlo Lomellini and Mad- delena Brignole, also of a noble Genovese family.4 In doing so, the few known facts regarding its author will be reviewed, after which this essay will take up some of the lexical and syntactic issues with which Lomellini, as translator and commentator, engaged.
    keywords: ajiss34; american; arabic; century; christian; commentary; folio; islamic; jesuit; journal; language; latin; lomellini; manuscript; marracci; meaning; muhammad; muslims; page; press; qur’an; shore; social; society; text; translation; university; work
       cache: ajiss-272.pdf
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        item: #1558 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2720
      author: Abdullah, Omar Bin
       title: Political Power & The Arab Oil Weapon: The Experience of Five Industrial Nations Roy Licklider, University of Califoniia Press, Berkeley, 1988, pp. xv + 343.
        date: 1988.0
       words: 865
      flesch: 62
     summary: As a matter of fact, these naions only carried out some “Band-Aid measures“ ta help satisfy the Arab misses and shore up the regimes in Arab lands yet continued carry out their pm-Zionist policies which we= and are tied go their inkrnal and external strategic, economic, and political interests. In effect, we see industrial pwem acting in cahesion lilue agahyan>nndtkir big star9 the U.S IAkalsoseehowpersonaI ism-
    keywords: industrial; licklider; oil
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        item: #1559 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2721
      author: Ahmed, Akbar S.
       title: Riot After Riot: Reports on Caste and Communal Violence in India by M.J. Akbar, Penguin Books (India) 1988. 
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1076
      flesch: 71
     summary: 286 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Wl. 5, No. 2, 1988 Over Indian Muslims hangs the uneasy honor of having ruled Delhi for most of the last loo0 years and the traumatic partitioning of India-“History, Pakistan: the myth that has ia the subconscious, the myth of the mod-wieldmg Mussulman, which at times even sends a quiver of doubt into the sanest non-Muslim and which prompts him to ask himself whether the Muslims are basically an unreliable, emotional, anti-national community?” @. 41). Men of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) opened fire on about 40,000 Muslims while they were at their Id prayers.
    keywords: akbar; hindu; india
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        item: #1560 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2722
      author: Young, William C.
       title: Toward Islamic Anthropology: by Akbar S. Ahmed, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herndon , Virginia, 1986, pp. 79.
        date: 1988.0
       words: 947
      flesch: 59
     summary: Scholars concerned w to provide new, more obje Ahmed suggests that field workers co “tribes,” but on a larger unit of political At this level the local representatives of Islamic institutions and educational systems can be bette also presents a list of projects which he feels anthropology for Muslims and would Muslim societies by anthropologists. m. In his short book, Tavard LFIamic Anduopdog, Alrbar Ahmed addresses two scholarly communities: anthropologists, whose train@ is based, as he says, on the study of classic sociologid \IvoTfiF by Wstern Europeans, and educated Muslim readers whose view of society is based on their study of the @fan and classic mrks in Wamic jurisp?pdenoe and philosophy.
    keywords: ahmed; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2722.pdf
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        item: #1561 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2723
      author: Ilyas, Mohammad
       title: Regional Seminar And Workshop On The International Islamic Calendar: Shawwal 21-24, 1408/June 7-10, 1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1953
      flesch: 46
     summary: From Shawwd21-24, 1408/June 7-10, 1988, the Universiti Sains Malaysia hosted a Regional Seminar and Workshop on the International Islamic Calendar attended by 100 Muslim scientists, religious scholars ( UZumii’), community leaders and government officials concerned with Islamic Affairs from 25 different countries and international Islamic organizations. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 5, No. 2, 1988 Requests international Islamic organizations to contribute towards the funding of the International Islamic Calendar Project, further support the revival and development of Islamic astronomy, and related sciences and provide facilities and funding for the training of appropriate personnel.
    keywords: calendar; international; islamic; muslim; seminar
       cache: ajiss-2723.pdf
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        item: #1562 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2724
      author: Din, Abdul Kadir Haji
       title: Third International Islamic Geographical Conference Kuala Lumpur: Muharram 16-21, 1409/ August 28-September 2, 1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2450
      flesch: 40
     summary: Using time series data on pilgrim flow, and per capita income, Abdul Rahim and Muhammad Fuad found a weak association between Muslim pilgrimage and economic development. He therefore ion of more credit facilities, and the establishment of an Corporation, to link together local ventures, while inkages with other Muslim countries in order to take S.M.S. Ali and Abdul Kadir, were hange in Bangladesh,” followed by and Positive Aspects of Muslim Travel ip between agricultural demand thg the hypothesis that crop demand generated by either the x villages in the Bengal Basin support e ‘proposition, although, as Ali cautioned, the Boserupian tion scenario for Bangladesh is rapidly approaching the Geertzian of ifivolution, with every possibility of the Malthusian prediction creephjj itwo tfie future, Unless major anticipatory measures are taken to arrest this trend.
    keywords: abdul; countries; development; islamic; malaysia; muslim; paper; session
       cache: ajiss-2724.pdf
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        item: #1563 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2725
      author: Mutalib, Hussain
       title: Second Annual Conference of the “ASEAN Muslim Social Scientists’ Forum”: Muharram 20-23, 1409/September 1-4, 1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 548
      flesch: 53
     summary: Some titles of papers included: “Muslim Studies in the Phillipines;” “Social Science Research in Thailand;” and “Social Science Research in Malaysia: the Case of Islamic Resurgence.” The theme for the meeting was “Muslim Scholars and Social Science Research,” aimed at documenting, discussing and analyzing the types of scholarship or research that have been done about Muslims in the Southeast Asian region, particularly within the ASEAN countries.
    keywords: meeting; social
       cache: ajiss-2725.pdf
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        item: #1564 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2726
      author: Alkhateeb, Sharifa
       title: Conference Report on the AMSS Seminar on “Islamic Principles of Organizational Behavior”: Safar 12-14, 1409 September 23-25, 1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1704
      flesch: 38
     summary: In fact, all the speakers concurred that the next phase of scholarship in the area of developing Islamic principles of organizational behavior requires first a survey of existing theories from an Islamic perspective followed by actual scientific surveys of Islamic organizations to discover if and how Islamic principles have been applied. The final two papers in this grouping explored Muslim attitudes towards work and presented a practical model of Islamic motivation.
    keywords: business; islamic; muslim; work
       cache: ajiss-2726.pdf
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        item: #1565 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2727
      author: Partowmah, Mozaffar
       title: The 14th Annual AMSE Conference: Safar 26-28.1409/October 7-9, 1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 342
      flesch: 33
     summary: A highlight of the Conference was the announcement of the A1 Khwarazmi Award that the AMSE will award annually to a distinguished Muslim scientist or engineer. Preprints and reprints may be obtained by writing to the AMSE office at P.O. Box 38, Plainfield, Indianna, 46168.
    keywords: amse; conference
       cache: ajiss-2727.pdf
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        item: #1566 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2728
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists: Rabi al Awwal 18 -20, 1409/October 28-30,1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1736
      flesch: 44
     summary: Another concurrently held session was chaired by Anis Ahmad of the International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan. al A d 18-20, 1109/odOber 28-30.1988 The Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists was held Rubi‘ul AwwulI8-20, 1409/0ctober 28-30, 1988, at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.
    keywords: ahmad; islamic; muslim; session; social; state; university
       cache: ajiss-2728.pdf
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        item: #1567 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2729
      author: Mahdi, Syed Iqbal
       title: Second Annual Economics Seminar: Robi al Akhir 8-10. 1409/November 18-20, 1988
        date: 1988.0
       words: 723
      flesch: 44
     summary: The Second Economics Seminar of the AMSS Economic Discipline Council on Islamic Economics co-sponsored by the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) was held Rabi‘ al kkhir 8-10, 1409/November 18-20, 1988, at the IIIT headquarters in Herndon, Virginia. The first session was on “Methodological Issues in Islamic Economics” chaired by Dr. Rasool M. Hashimi of Southern Illinois University.
    keywords: economics; islamic
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        item: #1568 of 2426
          id: ajiss-273
      author: Nazari, Hossein
       title: Not Without My Daughter: Resurrecting the American Captivity Narrative
        date: 2017.0
       words: 11137
      flesch: 56
     summary: Hence, as the first major literary analysis of the text, this paper sets out to illustrate how Mahmoody’s “memoir” functions within the paradigm of the well-established literary tradition of American captivity narratives. Fur- thermore, analysis of the text reveals how the book’s production and reception were conditioned not only by its construction within the parameters of American captivity narratives, but also by what came to be known in the West as the “Iran Hostage Crisis.”
    keywords: ajiss34; american; betty; book; captivity; captivity narratives; daughter; god; ibid; iran; iranian; islamic; literature; mahmoody; muslim; narratives; nwmd; page; social; women
       cache: ajiss-273.pdf
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        item: #1569 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2730
      author: Siddiqui, Mohammad A.
       title: The Muslims of America Conference
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2945
      flesch: 50
     summary: He classified Muslims into three categories: Cultural Muslims, who identify themselves as American like any other American group; American Muslims, who are proud of being American but at the same time are very cwscious of their Muslim identity; Simulationist Muslims, who would like to blend into American society but want to maintain some kind of Muslim identity. Steve Johnson of Indiana University examined the Political Involvement of American Muslims in the past, their current activity, and possible future course.
    keywords: american; islamic; massachusetts; muslims; paper; session; united; university
       cache: ajiss-2730.pdf
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        item: #1570 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2731
      author: Hassan, Umar A.
       title: Islamization of Knowledge: A Response
        date: 1988.0
       words: 3076
      flesch: 61
     summary: The most vocal opposition, and the most unreasonable and, therefore, destructive, comes from other Muslims who have not themselves consistently put forth the effort required of those involved in du’wu. Those that do end up in the same hazardous landscape that many Western nations find themselves today, totally out of sync with the Sunnah of Allah.
    keywords: islamic; muslims; nation; sciences; social; vision
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        item: #1571 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2732
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 1987.0
       words: 652
      flesch: 49
     summary: The second paper by Bogdan Meckowski compares Ibn Khaldun with Adam Smith, and other modern economists, giving Ibn Khaldun the prominent place he deserves. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences has been trying for the last four years to initiate such changes in the social and individual behavior, and Islamize the knowledge with the assistance of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists.
    keywords: islamic; journal; social
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        item: #1572 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2733
      author: Ma'ruf, A. Muhammad
       title: The Rescuing of Muslim Anthropological Thought
        date: 1987.0
       words: 7014
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, when I look at what has transpired since statements began to be made concerning “disciplines” within Islamic social sciences in activities of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists and in the formalization of the Islamization Work-Plan, it seems necessary to re-examine the concept of “discipline” itself. Such an association applicable to the idea of learning Islamic social sciences is completely inappropriate when us- ed in conjunction with the contempomy definition and derivation of the term.
    keywords: ahmed; anthropologists; anthropology; asad; behavior; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; scholars; sciences; social; thought; work
       cache: ajiss-2733.pdf
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        item: #1573 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2734
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: The Arabs and Africa: By Khair El-Din Haseeb (EX) London: Croom Helm and Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985. 717 p.
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1316
      flesch: 58
     summary: In fact, one of the most curious analysis I have come across in years is the contention of Helmy Sharawi that the oil price increase was a Western trick designed to strengthen the dollar and that Arab aid was a conspiracy against the Africans. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 321 Book Review The Arabs and Africa Khair El-Din Haseeb (EX) London: Croom Helm and Centre for Arab Unity Studies, 1985.
    keywords: africa; afro; arab; relations
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        item: #1574 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2735
      author: UK Office, IIIT - 
       title: “Islamization of Knowledge” Seminar Held at the Institute of Education, London University
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1199
      flesch: 47
     summary: Dr. Ahsan emphasized the need for using the original Muslim sources for writing Islamic history and said that a distinction must be made between Muslim history and Islamic history. Dr. Ayub was of the opinion that we must make a clear distinction between theory and its application.
    keywords: islamic; social
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        item: #1575 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2737
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: Sixteenth Annual Conference of The Association of Muslim Social Scientists
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1127
      flesch: 50
     summary: Ghayth Nur Kashif of the IIIT described the Afncan-American Dimensions of Islamic Conversions and Dennis Michael Warren of Iowa State University discussed the Spread of Islam into Central Ghana: A Century of Ethnic Migration and Islamic Impact Upon the Bono Ethnic Group. The next session on American Muslims was chaired by Dennis Michael Warren of Iowa State University.
    keywords: conference; islamic; paper; session; university
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        item: #1576 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2738
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: Editoral
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1092
      flesch: 42
     summary: The concluding research note, The Shari‘ah and its Implications for Islamic Financial Analysis: An Opportunity to Study Interactions Among vi The American Journal of Islamic Social SciencedVol. 4, No. 1,1987 Society, Organizations, and Accounting, by Cyril Tompkins and Rifaat Ahmed Abdul Karim, explores the issue of financial accounting in the contexts of both Western and Islamic societies. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences/Vol. 4, No. 1 , 1987 V Editoral This issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences completes the Symposium on Political Governance, begun by Muhammad Salahuddin’s ijtihiid in the last issue.
    keywords: article; islamic; issue; muhammad
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        item: #1577 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2739
      author: Wright, Theodore P.
       title: The Sociology of Knowledge: Jewish and Muslim Impact on American Social Sciences
        date: 1987.0
       words: 5720
      flesch: 49
     summary: This was, as suggested, an advantage in modernization, but rendered Jewish social scientists uninterested in and unsympathetic with rural life and agricultures (again, with the exception of Israel) or in peasants except as mobilizable cannon fodder of revolution against traditional elites. Sociology of Knowledge 95 to Jewish social scientists in Washington and favored the regulatory and social welfare functions of government.
    keywords: american; islamic; jews; lipset; minority; muslim; new; press; scholars; science; social; sociology; states; united; york
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        item: #1578 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2740
      author: Tomkins, Cyril; 'Abdul Karim, Rif'at Ahmed
       title: The Shari'ah and its Implications for Islamic Financial Analysis: An Opportunity to Study Interactions Among Society, Organization, and Accounting
        date: 1987.0
       words: 6581
      flesch: 51
     summary: The House of Islamic Funds is now busy establishing insurance companies, banks, and commercial companies to be run on Islamic principles in 14 coun- tries in order to pmvide Islamic believers with a full range of Western finan- cial services in ways that do not offend their faith. The Sharr'ah's Guidelines for Financial Behaviour The source of guidance for Islamic principles is the shuri'ah.
    keywords: accounting; bank; business; capital; cash; countries; economic; equity; financial; interest; islamic; market; rate; religious; social; speculation
       cache: ajiss-2740.pdf
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        item: #1579 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2741
      author: al Disuqi, Rasha
       title: Orientalism in Moby Dick
        date: 1987.0
       words: 3785
      flesch: 71
     summary: The American Joumal of Islamic Social SciencesNol. 4, No. 1,1987 The inverted picture Melville paints is a unity of irreconcilable opposites: Paganism and Islam. The tragedy of Melville’s work is the superficiality of its reliance on Islamic sources, which Melville had read but only in Orientalist distortion.
    keywords: allah; critic; dick; islamic; melville; moby; prophet
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        item: #1580 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2742
      author: Tahir, Muhammad; ‘Ali, Siddiq
       title: Literature About Islam in America: A Survey of Source of Information by Muhammad Tahir and Siddiq ‘Ali
        date: 1987.0
       words: 2445
      flesch: 56
     summary: Analysis of indexes and other reference sources reveals a lack of proper bibliographical c m t d of literature on Islam. The American Joumal of Islamic Social SciencedVol. 4, No. 1,1987 127 Review Article Literature About Islam in America: A Survey of Source of Information by Muhammad Tuhir and Siddiq ‘Ali Information explosion is a modern phenomenon.
    keywords: american; index; information; islam; islamic; muslims; religion
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        item: #1581 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2743
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: Islamic Justice In A Monetary System: A Modest Proposal
        date: 1987.0
       words: 2288
      flesch: 54
     summary: Timur Kuran, a harsh critic of Islamic economics, maintains, “it is not clear what Islamic justice requires,” and he is doubtful that =an Islamic society would be free of the economic injustices allegedly rampant in the modem world.” Maxime Rodinson, on the other hand, describes Islamic justice as adher- ing to the behavior appreciated in the Qur‘an and shunning the behavior con- demned by the Qufan.
    keywords: banks; economic; interest; islamic; justice; monetary; system
       cache: ajiss-2743.pdf
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        item: #1582 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2744
      author: Arif, Muhammad
       title: The Ayatollah in the Cathedral: by Moorhead Kennedy. New York: Hill and Wang, 1986. ix + 241 pages.
        date: 1987.0
       words: 2539
      flesch: 60
     summary: What makes this book a remarkable multi- disciplinary masterpiece is Mr. Kennedy's professionally skillful and scien- tific analysis of the process and factors that shape U. S. foreign policy at the State Department; the weaknesses of U. S. foreign policy in the Middle East; the causes of the U. S. failure to understand the Third World in general and the Muslim world in particular; and an alternative to U. S. foreign policy making that would ensure mutual respect and trust not only in the Middle East but in the Third World in general, thereby restoring the effectiveness of the United States as a world leader. Later on, when the political section found out that Arthur had deceived them, they w e s furious because, as events later proved, the interests of the United States were compromised by such elements, which caused U. S. foreign policy to end in total failure.
    keywords: american; kennedy; policy; world
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        item: #1583 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2745
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: The Seminar on Islamic Economics: (March 28-29, 1987)
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1084
      flesch: 34
     summary: Dr. Anwar, also of the International Institute of Islamic Thought, Dr. Salim Rashid of the University of Illinois, and the famous Islamic economist Dr. Mahmud Abii Saud delivered their papers on “Methodology of Islamic Economics,” Islamic Economics: An Historic-Inductive Approach,” and “Research Methodology for Islamic Economics”, respectively during the session. The program began with recitations of the Qur‘an followed by addresses of Dr. T&ha Jabir Al-‘Alwam-, President of the International Institute of Islamic Thought; Dr. ‘AbdulHamid ’Abu Siilaymiin, President of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists; and Dr. Raquibuz Zaman, Chairman of the Economic Discipline Council.
    keywords: economics; islamic; session
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        item: #1584 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2746
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: The 4th International Conference On Islamization Of Knowledge: (Khartoum, Sudan)
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1035
      flesch: 40
     summary: The call for papers was published in the American J o u m l of Islamic Social Sciences in July, 1984 and the invitations were circulated wide- ly among Muslim scholars. Islamic Methodology and the Ethical Values 9.
    keywords: conference; islamic; islamization; methodology
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        item: #1585 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2749
      author: Lodhi, Airifin
       title: “Islamization of Attitude and Practice in Science and Technology”: February 27-March 1, 1987 Washington, DC
        date: 1987.0
       words: 433
      flesch: 50
     summary: I , IYOI Dr. Ali Kyrala - The Islamic Basis of the Coming Muslim Technology Dr. Tariq S . The concluding session consisted of the summary of the Workshop given by Dr. Iqbd J. Unus and some concluding remarks by Drs.
    keywords: science; technology
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        item: #1586 of 2426
          id: ajiss-275
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Exploring Nejatullah Siddiqi’s Contribution to the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah in Urdu Literature
        date: 2017.0
       words: 10535
      flesch: 51
     summary: Rachid Ghannouchi, Al-Hurrīyat al-‘Āmmah fī al-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah (Public/ Civil Liberties in the Islamic State) (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al-Wihda al-Ara- biyah, 1993), 360, 63. 50. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah (Urdu) (Objectives of the Shari‘ah) (New Delhi: Markazi Maktabah-e-Islami Publishers, 2009).
    keywords: ahmad; ajiss34; contribution; discourse; god; ibid; ijtihād; islamic; issues; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; modernist; muslims; new; objectives; page; shari‘ah; siddiqi
       cache: ajiss-275.pdf
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        item: #1587 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2752
      author: Doi, Abdul Rahman I.
       title: Maitasine: A Myth or a Mischief?
        date: 1987.0
       words: 873
      flesch: 68
     summary: The visit, besides reminding me that there had been other scares successfully contained, convinced me that even those who thought they knew Maitatsine would now have to think thrice. Since Maitatsine fanatics are supposed to be muslim, the officials were con- siderate enough to decide to bury him according to muslim rites.
    keywords: maitatsine; muslim; scare
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        item: #1588 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2755
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan: Implications for Muslim Central Asia and the Muslim World
        date: 1986.0
       words: 2723
      flesch: 59
     summary: Modern highways, airports, supply depots, and pipelines are being built that will effectively shorten the distances between places in this region and reduce the costs of social and economic interaction between Soviet Central Asia and Afghanistan, and, on a wider scale, between the Soviet Union and other nations of South and Southwest Asia. Modern Afghanistan dates back to 1747 when Ahmad Shah Durrani took over reins of that country.
    keywords: afghanistan; asia; islamic; mujahideen; muslim; pakistan; soviet; war
       cache: ajiss-2755.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-2755.txt

        item: #1589 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2756
      author: Yahya, Hasan A.
       title: Secularization and Tradition In Four Arab Countries: A Comparative Content Analysis of Reading Textbooks
        date: 1986.0
       words: 2415
      flesch: 52
     summary: The majority of the lessons represented situations outside of the home in the Jordan/Syrian, Libyan, and Saudi Male texts. = .OOO4 *Significant at the alpha = .05 level Table D Chi Square Analysis of the Relationship between Gender Content and Male or Female Text in the Pictures of Saudi Arabia Second Grade Texts Male Content Female Content Total Male Text 19 3 22 Female Text 10 9 19 Total 29 12 41 Chi Square =5.47 Probability = .02 *Significant at the alpha = .05 level The Saudi texts were examined for relationship between gender and religious oriented content in the titles and the pictures.
    keywords: content; female; male; saudi
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        item: #1590 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2757
      author: Benaboud, Muhammad
       title: Orientalism on the Revelation of the Prophet: the Cases of W. Montgomery Watt, Maxime Rodinson, and Duncan Black MacDonald
        date: 1986.0
       words: 8355
      flesch: 53
     summary: In other words, after studying the main sources related Muhammad Benaboud Orientalism on the Prophet 313 to the Prophet’s biography, Rodinson selected what fitted in his materialist or “Marxist” model most neatly, but omitted the spiritual elements. Having emptied the Sh.2 of its spiritual content, the most im- portant elements in the Prophet’s life are totally absent in Rodinson’s work.
    keywords: century; christian; islam; macdonald; muhammad; muslim; orientalists; prophet; revelation; rodinson; social; watt; work
       cache: ajiss-2757.pdf
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        item: #1591 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2758
      author: Zakariya, Mohamed
       title: Islam and Art: by Dr. Lois Lamya al Faruqi Published by the National Hijm Council, Islamabad 1405 A.H., 1985,236 pp. and 60 plates, $6.00
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1877
      flesch: 60
     summary: In Zslurn and Art, Lois LamyL 91 Firiiqi has laid the groundwork for a general theory of Islamic art-an enormous and admirable undertaking. In the introduction to Islam and Art, Dr. Firiiqi makes it clear one of her purposes is to “stimulate a demand in Muslim audiences for art works in every possible medium that are modern and innovative while at the same time remaining true to, and presenting a development of Islam’s artistic legacy.”
    keywords: art; arts; islamic; muslim
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        item: #1592 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2759
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: The Challenge of Islamic Economics: by Muhammad Akram Khan Published by the All-Pakistan Islamic Education Congress, Lahore, 1986, 93 pages. $3.00
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1705
      flesch: 42
     summary: He has written dozens of articles and books on Islamic economics since 1965 in English and Urdu. The first book is a classified compilation of ahadith relating to Islamic economics and is being published by the Islamic Research Academy, Lahore.
    keywords: author; economics; islamic; knowledge
       cache: ajiss-2759.pdf
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        item: #1593 of 2426
          id: ajiss-276
      author: Marusek, Sarah
       title: Beyond Secular Liberalism: Islamic Activism in Lebanon
        date: 2018.0
       words: 12357
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, I also discuss the intellectual contributions of religious activist Imam Musa al-Sadr, as well as focus in detail on the divergent legacy of his Imam al-Sadr Foundation, the third (lesser known) movement. Based on almost two and a half years of ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon on the charities affiliat- ed with the three main Shi'i activist movements loosely comprising the Islamic resistance movement—Hizbullah, al-Mabarrat Associ- ation, and Imam al-Sadr Foundation—I describe how all three are selectively resisting some aspects of secular liberalism while accept- ing others.
    keywords: association; beirut; charities; faith; fieldwork; foundation; hizbullah; imam al; islamic; lebanese; lebanon; liberalism; mabarrat; new; press; resistance; sadr; sadr foundation; secular; shi‘i; social
       cache: ajiss-276.pdf
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        item: #1594 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2760
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1571
      flesch: 54
     summary: During his early years in the United States, Professor a1 Faruqi engaged in research on the Arab experience. In the 1960s when the Muslim student population began to swell significant- ly and a Muslim Student Association was formed by some dedicated young Muslims who wanted to retain their cultural identity in the face of strong Western cultural influences, Professor a1 Faruqi became one of the counsellors to these young men and women searching for roots and trying not to be seduced from the sirat ul-Mustuqim (the path of righteousness).
    keywords: american; faruqi; islamic; muslim
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        item: #1595 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2761
      author: Bokhari, Imtiaz H.
       title: Pakistan and West Asia: By Imtiaz H. Bokhari, Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad
        date: 1986.0
       words: 2723
      flesch: 55
     summary: The credit for vastly improved relations between these two countries largely goes to Pakistan patient and mature diplomacy. Less than 200 miles, (almost the same distance as the Gulf proper at its widest), separate Pakistan from the Arabian Peninsula.
    keywords: asia; iran; pakistan; relations; saudi; security; southwest; states
       cache: ajiss-2761.pdf
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        item: #1596 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2762
      author: Abdallah, Fadel
       title: On the Social and Cultural History of the Moriscos: University of Minnesota, 505 University Ave. S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55414 Phone: (612) 623-0629
        date: 1986.0
       words: 2495
      flesch: 46
     summary: Thus, the merit of this study is that it looks at the Moriscos from within, drawing upon their experiences which were recorded and viewed in Aljamiado literature. Professor Che- jne did an admirable job in illuminating the Moriscos’ attitudes and mentali- ty through his analysis of these different genres of Aljamiado literature.
    keywords: arabic; author; history; literature; moriscos; social
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        item: #1597 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2763
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: Towards an Interest-Free Islamic Economic System: By Waqar Mosood Khan The Islamic Foundation, U.K. and The International Association for Islamic Economics, Islamabad, 1985, 126 p.
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1377
      flesch: 46
     summary: The readers can find a more comprehen- sive review of Islamic financial institutions in a paper by Ziauddin Ahmad on f i e Present State of Islamic Finance Movement. For example, the author writes on page 30 “Islamic economists have differed from the Hanafi school on the legal validity of productive Mudarabah,” which contradicts the state- ment given on page 32 “Islamic economists have accepted that version of the Mudarabah contract which has been approved and elaborated on by juristis 160 American J o d of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986 of the Hanafi school.”
    keywords: author; interest; islamic; system
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        item: #1598 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2764
      author: Poonawala, Ismail K.
       title: Ibn Taymiyyah’s Ethics: The Social Factor by victor E. Makari (Chico, California: Scholars Press, 1983), pp. ix + 236.
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1308
      flesch: 57
     summary: It is unfortunate that some bright and bold spirits of Islam, such as the celebrated Hanbali doctor and theologian Ibn Taimiya, have remained misunderstood not only in the West but also among the Muslims themselves. For instance, the author fails to analyze Ibn Taimiya7s program of reforming Islam by Tajdid (revival).
    keywords: ibn; islamic; social; taimiya
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        item: #1599 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2765
      author: Ahmed, Akbar S.
       title: New Horizons in Muslim Education: Published in 1985 by the Islamic Academy, Cambridge, and Hodder and Stoughton
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1313
      flesch: 51
     summary: On the other hand indefatigable intellectual warriors -like Professor Ashraf-and Ismail al Faruqi and Khurshid Ahmad-have taken the first critical steps toward pointing the direction to Islamic knowledge, heeding Nasr in his Foreword: “The central task is an intellectual jihad.” American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986 165 New Horizons in Muslim Education S. A. Ashraf The Concept of an Islamic University H. H. Bilgrami and S. A. Ashraf Islamic Sociology: An Introduction I. Ba-Yunus and E Ahmad Published in 1985 by the Islamic Academy, Cambridge, and Hodder and Stoughton The three small -average 100 pages -introductory books under review form a piece and are the first volley from the Islamic Academy at Cambridge.
    keywords: ashraf; islamic; man; sociology
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        item: #1600 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2768
      author: al Faruqi, Ismail; al Faruqi, Lamya’
       title: The Cultural Atlas of Islam: By Ismail and Lamya’ al Faruqi
        date: 1986.0
       words: 682
      flesch: 47
     summary: From the ef- fect of the Q u r h on the development of literary Arabic to the function of ornamentation in Islamic art, from the meaning of Shri tzh, or Islamic law, to the achievements of such influential scholars as the historian Ibn Khaldun, these chapters form a superb introduction to the entire range of Islamic civilization. American J o d of Islamic Social Sciences Book Notice Vol. 3, No. 1, 1986 169 The Cultural Atlas of Islam Ismail and Lamya’ a1 Faruqi This magnifrcent book, published by Macmillan a month after the Famqis’ deaths, presents the entire world view of Islam-its beliefs, traditions, institu- tions, and its place in the cultures in which it has taken mot.
    keywords: islam; islamic; social
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        item: #1601 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2769
      author: Editorial Team, IIIT - 
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 1985.0
       words: 547
      flesch: 52
     summary: Though most social scientists in the West pay little at- tention to this aspect of social science, MISS sees it as very critical in understanding the human condition. Some readers see the new name of the journal as a challenge to Muslim social scientists to take a stand on important human issues and to conduct their research and analyses within an Islamic framework.
    keywords: muslim; science
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        item: #1602 of 2426
          id: ajiss-277
      author: Tahseen, Madiha; Cheah, Charissa S.L.
       title: Who Am I? The Social Identities of Muslim-American Adolescents
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8413
      flesch: 45
     summary: Thus, with moderately low scores on Muslim identity, and relatively high scores on American identity, this cluster was labeled “Moderate-Muslim and High-American Social Identity.” Thus, with high scores on Muslim identity and low scores on American identity, this cluster was labeled “High-Muslim and Low-American Social Identity.”
    keywords: adolescents; american; cluster; group; identities; identity; journal; mean; muslim; profiles; psychological; research; sample; social; youth
       cache: ajiss-277.pdf
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        item: #1603 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2770
      author: AbuSulayman, AbdulHamid
       title: Islamization of Knowledge with Special Reference to Political Science
        date: 1985.0
       words: 12764
      flesch: 48
     summary: If we concentrate on the philosophical background of the concepts pertaining to this or that system, we will be able to develop insight into the nature of Islamic political systems, whose processes for ar- riving at and executing decisions are totally different from those of the West. There is also a parallel inability to locate the points of strength in the sources of Islamic knowledge and to learn from past experience.
    keywords: abu; bakr; islamic; islamization; issue; knowledge; leadership; muslim; place; prophet; reason; revelation; social; studies; system; thought; time; ummah
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        item: #1604 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2771
      author: Elkadi, Ahmed
       title: Health and Healing In The Qur’an
        date: 1985.0
       words: 2331
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Qur’an achieves its healing and health promoting effect by utilizing three different approaches: the legal approach, the guiding approach, and the direct healing approach. According to the available data, there is a definite and obvious stress reducing effect of the Qur’an on the various organs of the body, possibly through the central and autonomic nervous sytems.
    keywords: effect; healing; health; qur’an; stress
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        item: #1605 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2772
      author: Ojo, M. Adeleye
       title: The Maitatsine Revolution in Nigeria
        date: 1985.0
       words: 4360
      flesch: 56
     summary: Afertnath of a Tmgedy, Sunday New Nigeria, p. 3, 1112Y82. ’ Ibid. See Sunday New Nigeria, front page, 11/7/82.
    keywords: aliens; followers; islamic; jim; jones; maitatsine; nigeria; people; religious; riots; states
       cache: ajiss-2772.pdf
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        item: #1606 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2773
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: Islam Between East and West: by Alija Ali Izetbegovic. Published by: The American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, Indiana 46232, U.S.A. Price: $12.00 (paper)
        date: 1985.0
       words: 1946
      flesch: 44
     summary: IzetbegwicIAlija Ali Book Reviews Islam Between East and West 307 Islam Between East and West by Alija Ali Izetbegovic Published by: The American Trust Publications, Indianapolis, Indiana 46232, U.S.A. Price: $12.00 (paper) Islam Between EQst and West is a remarkable work of multidisciplinary scholarship by a Bosnian Muslim lawyer who is currently serving a fourteen- year term in a Yugoslavian prison for his Islamic activism and “fundamen- talist digressions”. bile pure religion em- phasizes conscience and pure materialism emphasizes nature, the focus of Islam is on man who lives in the worlds of both conscience and nature.
    keywords: alija; islam; islamic; religion; west
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        item: #1607 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2774
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: IRAQ: Eastern Flank of the Arab World by Christine Moss Helms Published by: The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 208 pp; $28.95 cloth; $9.95 paper; 1985
        date: 1985.0
       words: 1940
      flesch: 42
     summary: Dr. Christine Moss Helms, a research associate in the Brookings Institu- tion’s Foreign Policy Studies Program, does an admirable job in her book to provide a historical perspective on many of the major developments in Iraq, including its war with Iran. Having done thorough research in primary sources, including extensive field trips and interviews with major political figures in Iraq, and a careful use of secondary literature, Dr. Helms has tried to go beyond today’s headlines and had provided her readers with a rich and insightful background to the politics, economy, society and foreign policies of Iraq.
    keywords: arab; helms; iran; iraq; war
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        item: #1608 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2775
      author: Allee, Feroza
       title: Middle Eastern Muslim Women Speak: By Elizabeth Warnock Fernea and Basima Qattan Bezirgan Published by: University of Texas Press/Austin and London, 1977 399 pages. Price: $23.50 (hardcover) Price: $12.50 (paperback)
        date: 1985.0
       words: 977
      flesch: 63
     summary: it provides a somewhat clearer view of the conditions, aspirations, struggles, and achievements of Middle Eastern Muslim women. In Middle Eastern Muslim Women Speak, editors Fernea and Bezirgan have made a valiant effort to unveil an important dimension of Middle Eastern history and society, a dimension that has been for the most part, hidden from view because of the false notion that the world of Islam is a world created by men for men rather than a joint creation of men and women.
    keywords: book; middle; women
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        item: #1609 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2776
      author: Allee, Feroza
       title: Women and the Family in the Middle East: by Elizabeth W Fernea Published by: University of Texas Press, Austin, 1985 356 pp. Price $24.50 (hardcover) and $11.95 (paperback)
        date: 1985.0
       words: 1623
      flesch: 60
     summary: A growing number of Arab women are studying engineering because of its high status and employ- ment prospects in an increasingly industrialized Arab world. The book is in part a progress report - statements by women and men about their lives and their experiences.
    keywords: family; islamic; middle; women
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        item: #1610 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2778
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: Islam: The Religious and Political Life of a World Community by Marjorie Kelley Published by: Praeger Publishers, 1984, New York, New York
        date: 1985.0
       words: 1629
      flesch: 54
     summary: John Esposito, the young and promising American scholar of Islam, offers a very interesting case by case account of a selected number of Muslim states. He believes that each of these tenden- cies has its constituents in the Muslim world, but in the long run he feels that some form of Islamic unity which receives the support of Muslim states, sharing a common faith, a common culture and a common intellectual tradi- tion, will prevail over a fanaticism and an idealism which seek after a single Islamic state.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; muslim; professor; western
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        item: #1611 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2779
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 1985.0
       words: 674
      flesch: 54
     summary: But actually, what is Islamic social science? The challenge is much greater today, but we believe there are enough talents in the Muslim World and beyond to achieve this goal of making social science a loving and caring companion of din al-Islam (religion of Islam).
    keywords: islamic; muslim
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        item: #1612 of 2426
          id: ajiss-278
      author: Badri, Malik B.
       title: Cognitive Systematic Desensitization: An Innovative Therapeutic Technique with Special Reference to Muslim Patients
        date: 2014.0
       words: 5561
      flesch: 47
     summary: In this paper, I present an innovative practical study on the Islamization of systematic desensitization therapy. This study is based on a novel technique I carried out in 1965 while treating a Moroccan female patient by applying major changes to Joseph Wolpe’s (d. 1997) systematic desensitization therapy as de- scribed in his Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition.1
    keywords: ajiss31; anxiety; behavior; desensitization; hierarchy; islamic; new; patients; therapy
       cache: ajiss-278.pdf
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        item: #1613 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2780
      author: Darrat, Ail F.
       title: Are Checking Accounts in American Banks Permissible Under Islamic Laws? A Note
        date: 1985.0
       words: 361
      flesch: 57
     summary: Demand deposits represent funds' that ·commercial banks use to extend loans to the public and purchase ihterest-bearing securities. The revenues from these activities are a major source of · mcome for commercial banks.
    keywords: accounts
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        item: #1614 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2781
      author: Nusair, Naim
       title: The Islamic External Critics of Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective
        date: 1985.0
       words: 328
      flesch: 43
     summary: Moreover, many of the individuals with whom adrpinistrators j:leal offensively �re likely to be anonymous and 'ilie injustices'invisibl�.2 The. purpose of this .study is to. The Islamic Extern.al Critics of Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective by Naim Nusair* Whence did you enslave people who w�rj:!
    keywords: administration
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        item: #1615 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2783
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: The Muslim Discovery of Europe
        date: 1985.0
       words: 420
      flesch: 66
     summary: The second was the subsequent development of learning and the sciences in Europe and the rise of European power to challenge, threaten, and finally defeat Muslim power in the world. The first was the renaissance in Europe, which interestingly enough led to the distancing of Europe from the Muslim World.
    keywords: muslim
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        item: #1616 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2786
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: EDITORIAL
        date: 1990.0
       words: 869
      flesch: 44
     summary: By identifying reason and revelation as the twin sources of knowledge, Islamic political thought is associated with such Qur‘anic concepts as TmW, Khi€ii@z, ‘Ibuduh, Ml, and the like. Moten exposes the subjective and ideological nature of political science in its own epistemic landscape from real life situations.
    keywords: history; sciences; social
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        item: #1617 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2787
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1990.0
       words: 2627
      flesch: 70
     summary: 1. 2. 3. Selections From the Holy Qur’an Comments by AbdulHam-d A. AbUSulaym& Ye are the best Of Peoples, evolved For mankind, Enjoining what is right, Forbidding what is wrong, And believing in Allah. With Allah rests the end (And decision) of (all) affairs.
    keywords: allah; concepts; munkar; social
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        item: #1618 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2788
      author: Moten, A. Rashid
       title: Islamization of Knowledge: Methodology of Research in Political Science
        date: 1990.0
       words: 6556
      flesch: 46
     summary: Islamic political science is but a perpetual struggle toward the ideal of the Prophet (?+AS) as the Perfect Man and his Madinah as the Perfect Polity. Finally, Islamic political science aims at approximating the Madinah model, an association which embodied understanding of human ends.
    keywords: allah; conception; islamic; knowledge; life; muslim; politics; reason; revelation; science; social; state; values
       cache: ajiss-2788.pdf
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        item: #1619 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2789
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: Islamic Law and Society
        date: 1990.0
       words: 6773
      flesch: 48
     summary: Shari'ah, or Islamic law, is a comprehensive system encompassing the whole field of human experience. That is, Islamic law aspires to regulate all aspects of human activities, not only those that may entail legal consequences.
    keywords: islamic; jurists; law; rules; shari'ah; social; society; theory
       cache: ajiss-2789.pdf
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        item: #1620 of 2426
          id: ajiss-279
      author: Hashas, Mohammed
       title: Is European Islam Experiencing an Ontological Revolution foe an Epistemological Awakening?
        date: 2014.0
       words: 17200
      flesch: 48
     summary: The latter one distinguishes European Islam from European Islamic thought, if a line of differentiation has to be drawn. I make two major but brief notes without further argumentation here about the contemporary Is- lamic reformist scholarship that keeps the line between what is commonly re- ferred to as classical Islam and modern Islam.
    keywords: ajiss31; divine; ethics; european; european islam; god; islam; islamic; law; man; modernity; muslim; page; ramadan; reason; religion; revelation; secular; thought; university; values; world
       cache: ajiss-279.pdf
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        item: #1621 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2790
      author: Dhuouadi, Mahmoud
       title: A Critical Assessment of the Issues of Objectivity and Subjectivity in Contemporary Western Socio-Behavioral Thought and its Muslim Khaldunian Counterpart
        date: 1990.0
       words: 10660
      flesch: 49
     summary: It limits, on one side, the horizon of human knowledge to the materialistic empirical sense-based knowledge. On the other, it disregards the importance of the other types of human knowledge.
    keywords: behavioral; crisis; human; ibn; islamic; khaldun; knowledge; man; mind; nature; objectivity; phenomena; positivist; sciences; social; social sciences; society; thought
       cache: ajiss-2790.pdf
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        item: #1622 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2792
      author: Bendjilali, Boualem; Taher, Farid B.
       title: A Zero Efficiency Loss Monopolist: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1990.0
       words: 3303
      flesch: 62
     summary: That is, the quantity produced moves from Q , toward the level of output Q,. The cmss partial derivatives Assumptions H.1 and H.2 together mean that for a fixed level of output (for a fmed level of profit), the entrepreneur‘s utility fuIlction increases with a decreasing rate as profit (as output Q) increases.
    keywords: islamic; monopolist; output; profit; social
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        item: #1623 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2793
      author: Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M.
       title: Beyond the Post-Modern Mind
        date: 1990.0
       words: 10423
      flesch: 50
     summary: A Critical Essay on Leonard Binder’s Islamic Liberalism: A Critique of Development Ideologies,” Iiamdard Islamicus Vol. XII (4), Winter 1989, pp. 15-30; C. Bouamame, la Probl th de la liberti humaine alms la pe&e murulmane (Paris: VM, 1978); H. Djait, La persomliti et le devenir ambo-islamque (Paris: Vrin, 1974); H. Gibb, Modern Trends in Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947); Y. Haddad, Contempomry Islam and the challenge 0fHistory (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1982); H. Hanafi, n e Origin of Modern Conservatism and Islamic FirndamenraIism in Egpt (Amsterdam, 1979); H. Hanafi, ‘Des Idblogies Modemistes llslam Revolutionnaire,” Peuples Medite&ens 21, October-December, 1982; A. Hourani, Ambic nought in the Libeml Age, 1798-1939 (London: Oxford University Press, 1970); T. Husayn, n e Future of Culture in Egpt (Cairo, 1936); M. Imarah, %yy&it al-jikr a l - i s h - a l - W t h (Trends of Modem Islamic Thought) Marque& University Press, 1%1; Q. Iggers, 7he Genmn Concepzioon ofHistory (Mia-: Wesleyan University Press, 1%8); F. Hayek, *Scientism and the Study of Society: The Historicism $ the Scientistic Approach: in IhC Counter-Rewl#lion of Science (1951); I. , lm; 1. -9 Z?E Methodology o f S
    keywords: culture; following; history; human; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; man; mind; modem; modernity; muslim; new; philosophy; press; religion; sense; smith; social; society; university; vol; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2793.pdf
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        item: #1624 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2794
      author: Mir, Mustansir
       title: Towards Understanding the Qur'an Translation of Mawdudi's Tafhim al-Qur'an: By Zafar Ishaq Ansari. Leicester: The Islamic Foundation, 1988/1408 (Vol. /), 1989/1409 (Vol. 2)
        date: 1990.0
       words: 628
      flesch: 62
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 7, No. 2, 1990 Book Review Towards Understanding the Qur'an Translation of Mawducu's Tajhim al-Qur'an 257 By 7.afar Ishaq Ansari. Mawdiidfs multi-volume Tajhim al-Quran is a major Qur'an commentary of the twentieth century.
    keywords: translation; vol
       cache: ajiss-2794.pdf
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        item: #1625 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2795
      author: Siddiqi, Mohammad A.
       title: Conversion to Islam: Untouchables' Strategy for Protest in India: By Abdul Malik Mujahid. Chambersburg, PA: Anima Books, 1989
        date: 1990.0
       words: 970
      flesch: 47
     summary: Malik explains the elements of the complex social matrix in which the untouchables used conversion as a conscious and articulate protest against a cruel and unjust caste system. Malik suggests that the main variables in the process of conversion were the untouchables’ “aggressive and assertive behavior.”
    keywords: conversion; social; untouchables
       cache: ajiss-2795.pdf
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        item: #1626 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2796
      author: Ali, Sheikh R.
       title: Religion and Political Power: By Gustavo Benavides and M.W. Daly (eds). NY: State University of New York Press, 1989, 240 pp.
        date: 1990.0
       words: 696
      flesch: 44
     summary: Approaching these cases as anthropologists, historians, sociologists, and political scientists, the authors make visible the dialectical relationship between religion and the pursuit of political power. It may be that the complexities arising from an analysis of the doctrinalhion of religion made it difficult to tell the complete story about religions so numemus and so diverse in a compressed format.
    keywords: politics; power; religion
       cache: ajiss-2796.pdf
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        item: #1627 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2797
      author: Al-'Alwani, Taha Jabir
       title: Islamic Perspectives on the Question of History
        date: 1990.0
       words: 2865
      flesch: 53
     summary: Often, scholars of history are beset with these questions in the hope that they may define for contemporary man the reality of human history, and explain to him its meaning, and the significance of human will in the way it unfolds. What is the overall meaning of human history?
    keywords: history; human; islamic; law; marxism; philosophies; progress; thought
       cache: ajiss-2797.pdf
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        item: #1628 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2798
      author: Wilmot, Fadlullah
       title: The Islamic University: Dimensions and Dynamics. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Muharram 8-10, 1410/August 10-14, 1989 
        date: 1990.0
       words: 3292
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the discussion it was mentioned that the League of Islamic Universities did not seem to be functioning effectively due to poor leadership. The graduates of Islamic universities who have training that The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, vbl. 7, No. 2, 1990 275 includes criticism of the h t e m model.
    keywords: ahmad; islamic; knowledge; need; students; university; view; world
       cache: ajiss-2798.pdf
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        item: #1629 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2799
      author: USA, IIIT - 
       title: Strategies for an Islamic Perspective of History and Historical Writing: AMSS First History seminar Buffalo, New York Dhu al Qi‘dah 1-2, 1410 May 26-21, 1990
        date: 1990.0
       words: 723
      flesch: 44
     summary: This was followed by Professor Akbar Muhammad of SUNY at Binghamton, who presented a paper entitled “On Islamic History, Muslim History, and the Social Milieu.” Mohammad Yusuf Siddiq of MIT looked at epigraphy as another Expanding the scope of intemt to entire geographic areas, 0 x 1 ~ Khalidi of MlT spoke on the historiography of Muslim India, analyzing three difkrent schools of thought, and Musa Hakim of SUNY at Buffalo presented a paper on West African Islamic history from the viewpoint of ideas that have been generated on the subject.
    keywords: history; islamic; muslim; university
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        item: #1630 of 2426
          id: ajiss-280
      author: Zakariyah, Luqman
       title: Beyond Textuality in Islamic Legal Exegesis: Intertextuality and Hypertextuality for Codifying Legal Maxims of Islamic Criminal Law
        date: 2014.0
       words: 10571
      flesch: 57
     summary: al-nuzūl al-Qur’ān, which links the revealed verse(s) to a particular reason. According to Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Sawwat, a contemporary scholar who has written on Islamic legal maxims, al-qawā‘id al-fiqhīyah can be established through six sources: namely, naṣṣ (the Qur’anic text and prophetic Sunnah), ijmā‘ (consensus), statements by the Companions, the Fol- lowers, and the mujtahidūn (experts in law), and the extrapolation of the branch of legal issues that have the same legal consequences.23 Maxims derived from each of these sources are not on the same footing; however, some are very strong and apply more widely to many fields of Islamic jurisprudence.
    keywords: ajiss31; ashbā; beirut; criminal; dar; dar al; hadith; ibn; intertextuality; islamic; law; maxim; muhammad; muslim; page; qur’an; qur’anic; texts; zakariyah
       cache: ajiss-280.pdf
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        item: #1631 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2800
      author: Arif, Muhammad
       title: The Third International Zakah Conference: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Shawwal 19-22, 1410/May 14-17, 1990 
        date: 1990.0
       words: 1367
      flesch: 53
     summary: The paper was an extensive analytical study of different models of Zakah systems being administered in various Muslim countries. The paper presented comparisons of different aspects of Zakah administration in various Muslim countries.
    keywords: paper; session; zakah
       cache: ajiss-2800.pdf
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        item: #1632 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2801
      author: Ghayur, Arif
       title: Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America: Case Study of A Muslim Subgroup
        date: 2021.0
       words: 5751
      flesch: 63
     summary: In 1983, close to three billion dollars were sent by overseas Pakistanis to their country.4 Research Notes Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America: Case Study of A Muslim Subgroup A&f Ghayur*
    keywords: america; immigrants; immigration; number; pakistanis; percent; period; persons; population; total; year
       cache: ajiss-2801.pdf
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        item: #1633 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2802
      author: Ali, Kamal
       title: Islamic Education in the United States: An Overview of Issues, Problems and Possible Approaches
        date: 2021.0
       words: 2212
      flesch: 39
     summary: A primary question for Muslim school planners, is as follows: What are the issues, problems and approaches to developing school projects that a Muslim school planner should consider or be aware of in developing Muslim schools in the United States? D. What are the central problems and constraints that apply and should be considered prior to Muslim school planning?
    keywords: education; islamic; issues; muslim; planning; school
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        item: #1634 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2803
      author: Mahdi, Syed Iqbal
       title: Consumption Function in Islamic Economics
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1561
      flesch: 61
     summary: (p. 2)1 Modern economic theory of consumer behavior do&e not assume any of the said premises given by Prof. Khan. In the modern economic theory of consumer behavior, utility is a subjective and psychological phenomenon and is not restricted to material benefits as contended by Prof. Khan.
    keywords: consumer; khan
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        item: #1635 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2804
      author: Abu Faisal
       title: Book Reviews
        date: 2021.0
       words: 797
      flesch: 55
     summary: Indeed, he has offered some interesting and bold analyses and interpretations of Jinnah’s address to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11 August, 1947, which have not been received very kindly by the official guardians of Pakistan ideology. Both Gandhi and Jinnah were contemporary leaders of the Indian Sub- continent and while hosts of books have been written on Gandhi, even movies have been made (“9 hours to Rama”and “Gandhi”), there has been very little literature on Jinnah, the creator of Pakistan.
    keywords: jinnah; pakistan
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        item: #1636 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2805
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
        date: 1984.0
       words: 2097
      flesch: 51
     summary: As history would have it, it was Elijah Poole (later renamed Elijah Muhammad) and his Nation of Islam who would see in Islam not the medicine for salvation of all America but a spiritual and social weapon that could psychologically and emotionally liberate his fellow blacks from the paralysing grip of racism in American society. Islam is a growing reality in American society and like all the other religious communities in the country, it too deserves some scholarly attention.
    keywords: american; islam; islamic; muslim; world
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        item: #1637 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2806
      author: Namlah, Ali I.
       title: Principles in Planning Library Education Programs in the Muslim World
        date: 1984.0
       words: 2956
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Muslim World is acquiring expertise largely from non-Muslim nations through recruiting expert planners or through sending their students to developed countries to acquire knowledge, then apply it. Their influence is rarely noticeable in developed countries due to the mixture of cultures, backgrounds and traditions.
    keywords: countries; education; library; muslim; programs; world
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        item: #1638 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2807
      author: Jones, Allen K.
       title: Islam and the Challenge of Communism: The Case of Afghanistan
        date: 1984.0
       words: 3663
      flesch: 59
     summary: The conflict that has been taking place in Afghanistan for the past three years has come to be interpreted in markedly different ways depending on one’s viewpoint. Those in the West, including students and specialists of the region and policy makers, tend to view the events in Afghanistan primarily in geo-political or geo-strategic terms.
    keywords: afghanistan; amin; communism; ibid; islamic; movement; muslim; world
       cache: ajiss-2807.pdf
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        item: #1639 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2808
      author: al Mujahid, Sharif
       title: The Nature and Direction of Political Change in Pakistan
        date: 1984.0
       words: 2372
      flesch: 53
     summary: As against Sayeed’s thesis, the disparate and fragmented oppostion became united in the PNA not for economic and religious reasons (p. 157) but chiefly for political reasons-in particular to abort Bhutto’s plans to introduce the presidential system, and turn Pakistan into a one-party, 119 totalitarian state, which Sayeed learnt from Leslie Wolf-Phillips but which was common knowledge in Pakistan during 1976-77. In the first work, a political history of Indian Muslims since 1858 and of Pakistan till 1958, Sayeed interpreted Pakistan in terms of Muslim nationalism and Jinnah’s charismatic leadership, and the interplay of political forces and the course of politics in Pakistan’s early years were explained in terms of the “viceregal system” of undivided India.
    keywords: bhutto; muslim; pakistan; pna; sayeed; work
       cache: ajiss-2808.pdf
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        item: #1640 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2809
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: Book Review
        date: 1984.0
       words: 1488
      flesch: 45
     summary: He echoes the views of those who believe that Arab aid has generally been given to Muslim states in Africa and he attributes the absence of far-reaching success of fundamentalist Islam in Sub-Sahara Africa to the memories of Arab slavery in certain regions and to concentration of Arab aid on “Purely religious” undertakings. After an examination of the differences between Arab/Islamic Socialism and African Socialism on the one hand, and Marxism on the other, Westerlund then discusses the term fundamentalism.
    keywords: african; islam; socialism; westerlund
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        item: #1641 of 2426
          id: ajiss-281
      author: Elahee, Mohammad Khalil
       title: Energy Management, Sustainability, and Ethics: An Islamic Perspective
        date: 2014.0
       words: 11666
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, since the 1980s Australia, Europe, and Japan in par- ticular have recognized the need to substitute scarce, polluting, and expensive energy with renewable sources or even nuclear power.12 Here again, it is quite possible that the ultimate aim has not been to reduce energy consumption in absolute terms. Before assessing the ethical nature of the latter, one must ask whether energy consumption should Elahee: Energy Management, Sustainability, and Ethics 75 ajiss31-4_ajiss 9/26/2014 2:45 PM Page 75 be increasing or decreasing in absolute terms.
    keywords: ajiss31; change; climate; consumption; development; energy; environmental; ethics; god; islamic; issues; management; muslims; nature; page; qur’an; reference; refers; sustainability; terms; use; world
       cache: ajiss-281.pdf
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        item: #1642 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2811
      author: Cham, Mbye B.
       title: Islam and the Creative Imagination in Senegal
        date: 2021.0
       words: 9826
      flesch: 56
     summary: Significantly, Sow-Fall entrusts the exposition of the latter to the mouth of Serigne Birama, Mour’s main marabout, who functions in the novel as the principal watch-dog of true Islam. Islam and the Creative Imagination in Senegal*
    keywords: ceddo; fall; film; imam; islam; islamic; kane; marabout; moussa; religion; religious; sembene; senegal; senegalese; serigne; society; sow; taalibe; traditions; traore; wolof; work
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        item: #1643 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2812
      author: Chapra, M. Umer
       title: The Prohibition of Riba in Islam: An Evaluation of Some Objections
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8648
      flesch: 51
     summary: The impact of interest rates on savings in developing countries has been found to be negligible in most studies.11 This distortion takes place irrespective of whether interest rates are high or low.
    keywords: business; capital; economy; equity; funds; interest; interest rates; investment; islamic; profit; rates; resources; return; system; term
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        item: #1644 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2813
      author: Muhammud, Akbar
       title: Some Factors which Promote and Restrict Islamization in America
        date: 2021.0
       words: 4294
      flesch: 50
     summary: Muslim visitors and immigrants appreciate this fact much more than many other American Muslims, whose vision is often blurred by particular inadequacies and injustices in the American system. Given the emphasis in Muslim countries on scientific, technological and vocational studies, comparatively few students attend Islamic institutions.
    keywords: american; country; islam; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; non
       cache: ajiss-2813.pdf
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        item: #1645 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2814
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: The Role of Pakistan in the Organization of Islamic Conference
        date: 2021.0
       words: 13089
      flesch: 61
     summary: In examining Pakistan’s role in the OIC, one must also point out that sometimes Pakistan leaders have to balance their Muslim interest and their global interest. 62 Speaking retrospectively again, one can say that the change in Pakistan policy towards both the Afro-Asian World and the Muslim World was the result of the harrowing experiences of the 1965 war with India.
    keywords: afghanistan; american; asia; british; conference; countries; foreign; india; international; islamic; leaders; muslim; muslim states; oic; organization; pakistan; policy; saudi; solidarity; soviet; states; trade; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2814.pdf
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        item: #1646 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2815
      author: Johnson, Winifred Marie
       title: The Tijaniyya Sufi Brotherhood Amongst the Idaw ‘Ali of the Western Sahara
        date: 2021.0
       words: 5844
      flesch: 68
     summary: I came here to receive from you the wird of al-sheikh al-Tijani (may Allah be pleased with him).”3‘ Al-Arabi claims that al-Hafiz immediately granted the Tijani wird to that man. ‘For more information on the Kunta, see Aziz Batran, “An Introductory Note on the Impact of Sidi al-Mukhtar al-Kunti on West African Islam in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,” Journal of the Histordcal Society ofN@enh 6,4 (June 1973); “Sidi al-Mukhtar al-Kunti and the Recrudescence of Islam in the Western Sahara and MiddleNiger,”Ph.
    keywords: ahmed; ali; hafiz; idaw; muhammed; mukhtar; sheikh; sidi; tijani; tijaniyya; wird
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        item: #1647 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2816
      author: Malik, Salahuddin
       title: Muslim Historical Literature in the Era of Early Muslim Nationalism: A Case Study of Sir Sayyid and Ta’ib
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8482
      flesch: 67
     summary: Professor Peter Hardy in his very recent book, The Muslims of British India, observes: For both the Muslims of northern India and the British, the events of 1857 were a trauma. 13P. Hardy, The Mussulmans of British India (Cambridge, England: 1972), p. 61. 94 world.
    keywords: ahmad; british; delhi; english; india; khan; london; mughal; muhammad; muslim; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; rule; sayyid; shah; sir; sir sayyid; ullah
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        item: #1648 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2817
      author: Rahman, Fazlur 
       title: The Principle of Shura and the Role of the Umma in Islam
        date: 1984.0
       words: 4584
      flesch: 54
     summary: The point I wish to make is that Muslims instead of looking at other communities and peoples and jumping to conclusions by drawing wrong analogies therefrom, must first look to Islam and to their own selves and attempt to put their own house in order. The most capital mistake made by such leaders is to equate, surreptitiously and esilentio the Muslim community and its task with other secular communities and their goals.
    keywords: community; good; islam; islamic; muslim; people; qur’an
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        item: #1649 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2818
      author: Iqbal, Justice Javed
       title: The Concept of State in Islam
        date: 1984.0
       words: 8486
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ideally speaking, if an elected legislative assembly is to be formed in an Islamic state, it should consist of lawyers who are qualified in Islamic law as well as modern jurisprudence and this objective can be realized through the accomplishment of a reform in the present system of legal education in Muslim countries by extending its sphere so as to combine the study of Islamic law with an intelligent study of modern jurisprudence. Strictly speaking it is also not a national state, because Muslim community 13 (Milla) is a community of faith and consists of peoples who may belong to different tribes, races or nationalities and may speak different languages and be of different colors, but who share a common spiritual aspiration i.e. their faith in Islam and regard themselves as a nation on the basis of a common spiritual aspiration.
    keywords: allah; holy; islamic; law; muslim community; national; period; prophet; qur’an; state
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        item: #1650 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2819
      author: Faksh, Mahmud A.
       title: The Tragedy of Lebanon: Demise of a Fragmented Country
        date: 1984.0
       words: 12234
      flesch: 49
     summary: The PLO forces were to be driven out of Fatah land, and there would be a twenty-five-mile wide security zone in southern Lebanon. Indeed, there is small likelihood that a strong, united Lebanon would materialize even after Syria’s eviction, let alone that it would be under Israel’s control, as the case in southern Lebanon.
    keywords: agreement; arab; beirut; christian; country; forces; foreign; government; israel; lebanese; lebanon; maronites; middle; military; muslim; national; security; states; syria; united; war
       cache: ajiss-2819.pdf
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        item: #1651 of 2426
          id: ajiss-282
      author: Uthup, Thomas
       title: Teaching about Islam in Africa: A Cultural-Functional Perspective
        date: 2014.0
       words: 9613
      flesch: 51
     summary: As a continent that has made great strides in development but still has a long way to go, this is a helpful aspect of African Islam; (2) Islam has a progressive economic outlook and favors equity. Obviously, learning to live together is a pro- foundly important pillar, for any stratification and prejudice based on sects and denominations violates Q. 49:13: “O humanity, We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise (each other).”40 Learning to know Islam also includes knowing the history of female mujtahids, remem- bering that early Islam released women from their previous subjugation,41 and 12 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:3 ajiss31-3_ajiss 5/28/2014 1:24 PM
    keywords: africa; ajiss31; culture; education; functions; history; islam; islamic; learning; mazrui; muslims; page; pillars; religion; report; states; unesco; women; world
       cache: ajiss-282.pdf
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        item: #1652 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2820
      author: Yadegari, Mohammad
       title: Shariati and the Reconstruction of Social Sciences
        date: 1984.0
       words: 3273
      flesch: 65
     summary: Shariati and the Reconstruction of Social Sciences Mohammad Yadegari* Ali Shariati was a Muslim reformer who laid much of the intellectual groundwork for the Iranian revolution of 1979. In the manner of Amir Ali, the author of Spirit of Islam, Shariati wanted to emulate the lives and ideas of early Muslims whom he admired.
    keywords: god; islam; islamic; man; muhammad; people; shariati
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        item: #1653 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2821
      author: El-Khuwas, Mohamed A.
       title: Qaddafi and Islam in Libya
        date: 1984.0
       words: 9065
      flesch: 61
     summary: The purpose of this article is to examine Qaddafi’s efforts to restore Islam to its “proper” place in Libyan society. In the national context of Libyan society, his emphasis on Islam is natural because religion has always been strong in Libya and has been an important part of the Libyan search for self- identity as well as a national expression of their struggle against foreign domination and control.
    keywords: family; islam; islamic; libya; man; national; people; qaddafi; quran; religion; society; view; women; zbid
       cache: ajiss-2821.pdf
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        item: #1654 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2822
      author: Busool, Assad N.
       title: Rashid Rida’s Struggle to Establish A Modern Islamic State
        date: 1984.0
       words: 7940
      flesch: 65
     summary: Al-Jisr was widely read in modern science, as is evidenced by his book al-Risalah al-Hamidiyah and when he asked Sheikh Rashid his opinion of his book, Sheikh Rashid commented as follows: Al-Jisr was widely read in modern science, as is evidenced by his book al-Risalah al-Hamidiyah and when he asked Sheikh Rashid his opinion of his book, Sheikh Rashid commented as follows:
    keywords: arab; empire; government; islam; manar; muslim; ottoman; rashid; reform; sheikh; sheikh rashid
       cache: ajiss-2822.pdf
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        item: #1655 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2823
      author: Al-'Alwani, Taha Jabir
       title: The Islamization Of Methodology Of Behavioral Sciences
        date: 1989.0
       words: 5755
      flesch: 55
     summary: Moreover, if Islamic thought had continued to ascribe appropriate im- portance to the s u m of cause and effect, and to establish the relationships between results and their causes, could superstition in all its manifestations 232 It decided on the establishment of an institute to work toward reviving Islamic thought and its methodology.
    keywords: allah; islamic; islamization; knowledge; life; muslim; sciences; social; swt; thought; ummah
       cache: ajiss-2823.pdf
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        item: #1656 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2824
      author: Sadeq, A. H. M.
       title: Mobilization Of Resources For Development
        date: 1989.0
       words: 6694
      flesch: 54
     summary: Physical fitness is an important aspect of human resource development. Human resource development involves education in physical, social, and moral sciences, as well as physical fitness.
    keywords: allah; countries; development; human; islamic; knowledge; mobilization; muslim; resources; social; swt; use
       cache: ajiss-2824.pdf
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        item: #1657 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2825
      author: ElTayeb, Salah ElDin ElZein
       title: The ‘Ulama and Islamic Renaissance in Algeria
        date: 1989.0
       words: 15782
      flesch: 57
     summary: He thought that the liberation of the minds was the basic condition to the total liberation of their b0dies.u This objective was pursued by attacking the negative aspects of a1 zawiiyah and by advocating the spread of a1 taEm a1 ?turn (the ‘Ulama type of education), which will be discussed later on in connection with a1 nah& a1 thuqiiy7yah (cultural reformism).= The political reformism of the Association of the Algerian ‘Ulama, a1 i.yrii(z a1 siyiisi, was also heavily influenced by Abduh.
    keywords: activities; administration; algerian; arabic; association; colonial; connection; decree; education; french; government; ibn; islamic; journal; language; mosques; muslim; people; reformism; regard; religion; renaissance; schools; social; teaching; thought; ulama; vol
       cache: ajiss-2825.pdf
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        item: #1658 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2826
      author: Osman, Fathi
       title: The History of Islam: New Directions
        date: 1989.0
       words: 7336
      flesch: 54
     summary: Von Grunebaum, Wilfred Cantwell Smith and other Western scholars have divided Muslim history into classical (from the beginning until early Abbasids), medieval (later Abbasids and this period may be extended to early ottomans, to the time before the Renaissance in the West), and then one 2% The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciencs Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 comes to modem Muslim history. Some introductory remarks Is it more correct to say Islamic history or Muslim history?
    keywords: god; history; human; information; interpretation; islam; islamic; laws; muslim; past; social; sources
       cache: ajiss-2826.pdf
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        item: #1659 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2827
      author: Farhan, Ishaq
       title: Islamization of the Discipline of Education
        date: 1989.0
       words: 3620
      flesch: 41
     summary: A comprehensive classification of contemporary articles and writings on various topics and themes of worthwhile value, in Islamic education which would be published in a series of books of readings to be used as references by college students and professors of Islamic Education in various university courses on Islamic Education. llzird, Muslim education in recent times lacks an educational outlook, theories regarding modem educational problems of the Islamic Ummah, Educational Textbooks, and Teaching Materials suitable for Islamic education at all levels of Education.
    keywords: discipline; education; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; process
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        item: #1660 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2828
      author: Yusuf, Salahudeen
       title: The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (1880-1910)
        date: 1989.0
       words: 3774
      flesch: 51
     summary: 39Gbadamosi, Zhe Growth of Islam A m m g the Yorubas, 4-13. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989 319 The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (18804910) Salahudeen Yusuf The history of Islam in part of what is known today as Nigeria dates to about the loth Century.
    keywords: christianity; islam; islamic; lagos; missionaries; muslims; newspapers; nigeria; record
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        item: #1661 of 2426
          id: ajiss-283
      author: Kaba, Amadu Jacky
       title: Challenges to the Study of Islamic Education in African Universities
        date: 2014.0
       words: 12036
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Middle Eastern radicals, quite different from the revolutionaries of Black Africa, seem to say that any means is acceptable as long as you are fighting the enemy. Writing about Arab-African tensions throughout history, Buo claims that [w]hile both sides would not openly or readily admit it, the truth is that since the ugly days of the barbaric Arab slave raids into Black Africa, long before the more publicized European slave traders come on the African scene, the Arabs and the Africans have barely managed to co-exist in their vast and rough continent of mutual distrust.
    keywords: africa; africans; ajiss31; american; arab; arabic; black; countries; east; education; islamic; journal; kaba; knowledge; language; middle; muslim; page; people; religions; social; study; western
       cache: ajiss-283.pdf
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        item: #1662 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2830
      author: al Alwani, Taha Jabir
       title: Toward An Islamic Alternative In Thought and Knowledge
        date: 1989.0
       words: 5148
      flesch: 54
     summary: If we lay a firm founda­ tion for the theory of Islamic knowledge, and present it as an alternative to the contemporary Western theory of knowledge, we will have established the second basis of the proposed cultural strategy. If this unification of the education system is carried out properly, it will help to provide all the educated members of the Ummah with a good share of Islamic knowledge dealing with Islamic beliefs, the values and aims of Islam, and the morals and behavior of the Muslim.
    keywords: education; islamic; knowledge; muslim; sciences; social; system; thought; world
       cache: ajiss-2830.pdf
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        item: #1663 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2831
      author: Winkel, Eric A.
       title: Remembering Islam: A Critique of Habermas and Foucault
        date: 1989.0
       words: 10361
      flesch: 53
     summary: How much greater is the resistance of the modern world to the establishment of the Ummah as the leader of human societies, or to the implementation of God's law in society, or to the stubborn refusal of Muslims to cede? Foucault very clearly locates the forces which created modern society by examining the change of two epistemes.
    keywords: critique; foucault; god; habermas; human; islamic; knowledge; language; man; people; power; science; social; society; state; truth; western; world
       cache: ajiss-2831.pdf
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        item: #1664 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2832
      author: Ali, Ausaf
       title: An Approach to the Islamization of Social and Behavioral Sciences
        date: 1989.0
       words: 9065
      flesch: 47
     summary: in social science theory, is known as the Grand Theory. Likewise, behavioral sciences took what they wanted from natural sciences, on the one hand, and social sciences, on the other.
    keywords: behavior; concepts; god; grand; individualism; islamic; paradigm; science; scientists; social; social sciences; society; system; theory; values
       cache: ajiss-2832.pdf
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        item: #1665 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2833
      author: Kamali, Mohamad Hashim
       title: Siyasah Shar'iyah or the Policies of Islamic Government
        date: 1989.0
       words: 10525
      flesch: 65
     summary: al 171alarh Ji al Dastr al :.trabiyah waft al ftkr al siyasi al lslirmi (Cairo: Dar al Fikr al ~rabi, 1973), with Ibn Taymiyah's al Siyasah al Shar'iyah, tends to indicate a shift in emphasis from a somewhat power-oriented system of govenunent to a more Shari'ah-oriented polity, a tendency that is characteristic of Hanbaff jurisprudence in general.
    keywords: al siyasah; allah; god; government; hadith; ibn; islamic; law; people; powers; public; qur'an; ruler; shar'iyah; shari'ah; siyasah; siyasah shar'iyah; siyiisah; social; taymiyah; trust
       cache: ajiss-2833.pdf
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        item: #1666 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2834
      author: Ansari, Abdul Haq
       title: ISLAMIC ETHICS: CONCEPT AND PROSPECT
        date: 1989.0
       words: 5216
      flesch: 70
     summary: principles of jurisprudence (usu/ al fiqh), principles of government and ad­ ministration (al a!Jkiim al sul(finiyah), and public revenue and expenditure (al khara;), also touch upon ideas that are part of, or relevant to, Islamic ethics. 22Abii al Hasan 1\li b. Mul}ammad al Mawardi's work al A~1kam al S11l{imiyah has been published many times.
    keywords: ethics; god; good; islamic; justice; knowledge; life; man; moral; vol
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        item: #1667 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2835
      author: Zaidi, Zawwar Hussain
       title: Conversion to Islam in South Asia: Problems in Analysis
        date: 1989.0
       words: 11622
      flesch: 68
     summary: The dearth of source material presents difficulties as medieval Islam produced no missionaries, bishops, baptismal rites, or other indicators of conversion that could be conveniently recorded by the Muslim chronicler. The false imputa­ tion, with which both Lawrence and Eaton agree, reflects the mood of Pro­ testant Christianity in the late nineteenth century69 rather than that of medieval Islam.
    keywords: analysis; asia; conversion; din; force; god; hindus; india; islam; islamic; muslim; non; people; population; power; problems; process; religion; role; social; south; south asia; sufis; vol; zaidi
       cache: ajiss-2835.pdf
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        item: #1668 of 2426
          id: ajiss-284
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: South Africa’s Institutions of Higher Learning: Their “Study of Islam” Programs
        date: 2014.0
       words: 8546
      flesch: 49
     summary: Reference to these three scholars underlines the point that even though UDW’s historically oriented Islamic studies program had its shortcomings, it eventually produced scholars who made their marks in Islamic studies in southern Africa and South Africa in particular. It focuses on the BA Honors program to show the themes chosen for these programs and how scholars redesigned Muhammed Haron is a South African-based associate professor in the University of Botswana’s Department of Theology & Religious Studies, where he teaches religious studies courses; an associate researcher in the University of Johannesburg’s Study of Islam program; and an executive member of the University of Cape Town’s Centre for Contemporary Islam.
    keywords: africa; change; haron; institutions; islamic; muslim; program; social; south; south africa; southern; studies; study; teaching; university
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        item: #1669 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2840
      author: Abul Fadl, Mona
       title: Islamization as a Force of Global Cultural Renewal or: The Relevance of the Tawhidi Episteme to Modernity
        date: 1988.0
       words: 8549
      flesch: 46
     summary: A little over a decade ago, the mid-seventies witnessed a heightened awareness of Islamic cultural identity among the Ummah worldwide, an awareness which was projected in the space of activities and events which marked the fourteenth centennial of the Islamic Hvri calendar. In this sense, Islamic scholarship is by definition a vocational scholarship par excellence.
    keywords: abul; civilization; cultural; culture; force; history; intellectual; islamic; islamization; knowledge; muslim; paradigm; renewal; scholarship; social; terms; tradition; way; west
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        item: #1670 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2841
      author: Kassim, Husain
       title: Sarakhsi’s Doctrine of Juristic Preference (Istihsan) as a Methodological Approach Toward Worldly Affairs (Ahkam al-Dunya)
        date: 1988.0
       words: 10671
      flesch: 59
     summary: cit., Us13 al-Sarakhsi, pp. Cit., Usiil al-Sarakhsi, p. 203.
    keywords: cairo; case; doctrine; edition; evidence; illa; judgment; preference; qiyiis; reasoning; sarakhsi; vol
       cache: ajiss-2841.pdf
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        item: #1671 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2842
      author: Rashid, Hakim M.
       title: The Socialization of Muslim Children in America: Toward A Conceptual Framework
        date: 1988.0
       words: 4564
      flesch: 48
     summary: In shiih: Allah, this paper will stimulate research in this area that contributes to a deeper understanding of Muslim socialization processes within the American context. In shiiiz Allah, this effort will serve as a stimulus for those who wish to systematically study Muslim socialization in the American context.
    keywords: allah; american; children; islamic; muslim; process; socialization; view; world
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        item: #1672 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2843
      author: al Tayob, Abdulkader I.
       title: The Transformation of a Historic Tradition: From Khabar to Ta’rikh
        date: 1988.0
       words: 8977
      flesch: 65
     summary: 40 s7Even though the earliest extent biography of the Prophet, that of Muhammad b. Ishaq, is known simply as al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Khallikan mentions that the book was first called al-Maghiizi wa 7-siyar. Shawqi Dayf, al-Fann wa maa5ihibUh f i al-nathr al-Wmbi (Cairo: Dar al-Ma‘arif, 1965), pp.
    keywords: early; event; form; god; historiography; history; interest; islamic; life; meaning; muhammad; new; past; prophet; tribal
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        item: #1673 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2844
      author: Siddiqui, Mohammad A.
       title: Interpersonal Communication: Modeling Interpersonal Relationship, An Islamic Perspective
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2818
      flesch: 48
     summary: Interpersonal communication, on the other hand, is basically sharing of ideas between two persons. In a group, interpersonal communication would facilitate understanding each other and the goal or the task for which the group is created.
    keywords: communication; group; human; ideas; orientation; relationship; sharing; social
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        item: #1674 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2847
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1379
      flesch: 68
     summary: Looking at these verses we see that the Qur'an deals with aspects of physical power in terms of trained and ever-ready horses and cavalry as well as fmance which were, in the time of the Prophet, very important components of military power. The emphasis here was on physical power, in particular the number of fighters.
    keywords: allah; power; verses
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        item: #1675 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2848
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A. 
       title: Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1989.0
       words: 1771
      flesch: 73
     summary: No. l, 1989 Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur'an Comments by :4bdullfamid A. AbuSulayman Translation In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful I. And those who Having done something To be ashamed of. Or wronged their own souls, Earnestly bring Allah to mind , And ask for forgiveness For their sins And who can forgive Sins except Allah?
    keywords: allah; man; social
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        item: #1676 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2849
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2603
      flesch: 70
     summary: The Qur'Gn tells us that these goals, with their limits, rules, and controls, are revealed and given to man by Allah (SWT), the Creator, by and through His Guidance (hudii) and are discovered in part by man through the development of human knowledge and enlightenment. The major source of human knowledge of this macro aspect is revelation which is given to mankind by the Creator who possesses total knowledge of the material world ( s h M ) and total knowledge of the dimensions beyond the material world (ghayb).
    keywords: human; knowledge; life; mind; revelation
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        item: #1677 of 2426
          id: ajiss-285
      author: Bakari, Mohamed
       title: The Historical and Political Backdrop to Islamic Studies in Kenya
        date: 2014.0
       words: 10021
      flesch: 48
     summary: Students are also reluctant to enroll in Islamic religious studies, which has drastically lowered the number of stu- dents attending local universities. Arguably, there existed a tacit partition of African realities among academics, with anthropologists appropriating the study of “authentic” Africans with genuinely “traditional” religions while the study of African Muslims, those whose pristine authenticity had apparently been violated, was left to histo- rians if not to “Orientalists.”
    keywords: african; ajiss31; culture; department; east; islamic; kenya; muslim; nairobi; new; page; religion; saudi; social; societies; south; students; studies; study; universities; university; world
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        item: #1678 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2850
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selections From the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1470
      flesch: 82
     summary: It makes hiin a central issue for study and research by Muslim social scientists. We hope that the scientific research by Muslim social scientists in this field will open new avenues towards understanding Muslim psychology and behavior and its interactions with the Muslim life in the contemporary world towards a better and more effective Muslim role in the face of the dangers facing humanity, albeit caused by faults and shortcomings of the dominant Western civilization of this age.
    keywords: earth; life; sumh
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        item: #1679 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2851
      author: Hammad, Ahmad Zaki
       title: Ghazali’s Juristic Treatment of the Shari‘ah Rules in al-Mustasfa
        date: 1987.0
       words: 8954
      flesch: 60
     summary: Third, they must be distinguished from other acts in the mind of the commanded individual and be known as an address from Allah. Obligations with latitude (wiijib muwussu’) are those whose prescribed times can accommodate the performance of the obligations-any moment within the time range-along with other acts.
    keywords: acts; address; allah; command; evil; ghazdi; good; mustasfa; obligation; obligatory; performance; person; reason; rules; time; wiijib
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        item: #1680 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2852
      author: Mieczkowsici, Bogdan
       title: Ibn Khaldun’s Fourteenth Century Views on Bureaucracy
        date: 1987.0
       words: 9806
      flesch: 58
     summary: The writer in question was an Arab historian and philosopher, Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), who covered many topics of interest to economists, and who in some respects was head of the founder of the science of economics, Adam Smith. 180 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 superiority is perhaps understandable when one recognizes that Ibn Khaldun benefited from the rich intellectual tradition of the medieval Arab and Per- sian (Ibn Khaldun 1958: 111, 311-15) world, with scholars of the stature of Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Nasir ’hi, Nasr Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Dawwani, and others who carried on the Greek tradition of intellectual inquiry.
    keywords: authority; bureaucracy; century; dynasty; ibn khaldun; islamic; mieczkowski; people; power; royal; ruler; sciences; smith; social; society; state; strata; views
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        item: #1681 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2857
      author: Idris, Jaafar Sheikh
       title: The Islamization Of The Sciences: Its Philosophy And Methodology
        date: 1987.0
       words: 3507
      flesch: 65
     summary: Just as there are scientific ways of ascertaining the truth of our claims to knowledge of nature or society, there are ways of ascertaining the truth of religious knowledge. Dreams: As Muslims, we have no doubt about the fact that some dreams come true and that as such they are sources of knowledge, but since we human beings - excepting God‘s Prophets - can never be sure about the truth of our dreams, we cannot take them as independent sources of objective knowledge neither in the field of religion nor in that of the world, but we may benefit from them personally.
    keywords: facts; islamic; knowledge; qur’an; sciences; world
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        item: #1682 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2858
      author: Doi, Abdur Rahman I.
       title: Re-Islamization of the West African Ummah A Model for Tajdid?
        date: 1987.0
       words: 10027
      flesch: 59
     summary: , DiyZi al- H a m and Diya al-Whyat, and his son Bello’s, al-Ghayth al-Wabl. For example, the revolutionary and vastly respected North African scholar, Abd al-Karim al-Maghili al-TilmasZni, who traveled and lived in some of the key cities and states of Bilad aZ-Shn , such as Kano, Katsina and Gao, wrote treatises giving advice to some of the rulers, notably Muhammad Rumfa of Kano and Askia Muhammad of Songhai.
    keywords: abdullahi; allah; bello; caliphate; islamic; journal; life; muhammad; muhtasib; muslims; people; political; rulers; shehu; social; society; sokoto; ummah; vol; west; work
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        item: #1683 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2859
      author: Sharfuddin, Ibnomer Mohamed
       title: Toward An Islamic Administrative Theory
        date: 1987.0
       words: 6984
      flesch: 52
     summary: The basic postulates of Islamic theory and the variables it emphasizes in- clude the following: (1) Islamic administrative theory should be closely connected to the social philosophy of the Islamic system and enforce the moral principles of the larger Islamic society. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 229 Toward An Islamic Administrative Theory Ibnomer Mohamed Sharjkddin Introduction A comprehensive Islamic theory that can offer complete guidance for Islamic organizations and help clarify the behavior of organizations, groups, and individuals is yet to be developed.
    keywords: administrative; authority; control; god; human; islamic; organization; people; prophet; social; system; theory; work
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        item: #1684 of 2426
          id: ajiss-286
      author: Ali, Mohammed Hassen
       title: Shaykh Bakrii Saphalo: An Oromo Muslim Cultural Icon
        date: 2014.0
       words: 10755
      flesch: 66
     summary: Page 93 dents, related a great deal of information about his teacher’s life4; (3) Dima Yonis who, on my behalf, interviewed several former students living in So- malia in 19805; (4) Mohammed Abraham Waday (aka Shantam Subissa), a relative and a student of the shaykh, also supplied valuable information about his teacher’s interest in politics and poetry6; (5) his grandson Mohammed Nur, who lives in Portland, OR, supplied reliable information and some of the shaykh’s poems7; (6) Aliyi Khalifa’s recent work8 on the shaykh’s life and ca- reer, which is based on extensive oral interviews of the latter’s former students; and (7) the collection of Oromo poems published in 1996,9 which includes eight of his poems and earned him the title of “The Father of Revolutionary Oromo Poetry. The dates 1875 and 1887 were turning points Oromo history: 1875 was the first time part of the region’s Oromo fell under Egyptian colonial occupation, and in 1887 all eastern Oromo fell under Menelik’s colonial administration.
    keywords: ajiss31; bakrii; career; ethiopia; hassen; ibid; interview; khalifa; language; life; mohammed; oromo; page; people; poems; saphalo; shantam; shaykh; shaykh bakrii; shubissa; system; writing
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        item: #1685 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2860
      author: Mirakhor, Abbas
       title: The Muslim Scholars and the History of Economics: A Need for Consideration
        date: 1987.0
       words: 15322
      flesch: 67
     summary: The fact that many sources of Islamic economic ideas were available to the Scholastics-the Qur’an itself is known to have been translated into Latin twice: once by Peter Cluny (d. U6), a copy of which was available to St. Thomas, and again by Robert Ketton and Hermann of Dalmatiaa-only serves to strengthen this argument. It is not the intention here to suggest that the Scholastics lacked original- ity in advancing economic ideas but that the more one studies the economic ideas of Islam, the economic writings of the Muslim writers who preceded the Scholastics, the economic processes and institutions existing in both the Muslim East and the Muslim West in the seventh through fourteenth cen- turies,the more skeptical one becomes of Schumpeter’s “the Great Gap” and the disregard of historians of economic thought of the contributions of Muslim scholars in the development of economic thought and institutions in the thirt- eenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
    keywords: behavior; centuries; century; community; economic; history; ibn; ideas; influence; islamic; justice; man; medieval; muslim; muslim scholars; new; philosophy; press; qur’an; scholars; scholastics; sciences; social; sources; thomas; thought; translated; volume; works; world; writings
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        item: #1686 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2863
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz A.
       title: Human Resources Development: A Muslim World Perspective
        date: 1987.0
       words: 6255
      flesch: 44
     summary: The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences Vol. 4, No. 2, 1987 Human Resources Development: A Muslim World Perspective Dilnawaz A. Siddiqui Introduction This paper seeks to define human resources development (HRD) as a necessary, if not a sufficient, tool for bringing about societal change in less developed countries &DC‘s), and reflects upon different concepts of ”develop ment,” including the Islamic view of it. Human resources development, during these decades, simply meant narrow manpower planning (Ginzburg, 1958).
    keywords: countries; development; education; employee; growth; hrd; human; islamic; leadership; model; muslim; resources; social; training; world
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        item: #1687 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2864
      author: Anwar, Muhammad
       title: Reorganization of Islamic Banking: A New Proposal
        date: 1987.0
       words: 3552
      flesch: 50
     summary: Concluding Remarks At present up to 85 % of advances made by Islamic banks are on a mark- up basis while profit-sharing finance is insignificant. Therefore, savings are closely tied with investments and private banks will essentially become business banks fulfilling the Qur’anic injunctions against ribu and in favor of trade (ul-&lqamh: 275 and uk-Nissu: 29).
    keywords: banking; banks; deposits; funds; interest; islamic; profit; social; system; units
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        item: #1688 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2865
      author: 'AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selections from the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1987.0
       words: 1167
      flesch: 63
     summary: Finally we find that Surah 107: 1-7 explains and summarizes in a very com- prehensive and precise manner, the goal of man, the quality of his life on earth, and the ultimate meaning of the Dr. (the totality of the belief in Allah, the holy purpose of man on earth, and the acts, duties and the total way of life of the believers. Also these verses affirm the prayers (FulZlh, the main and the continuous means for man to experience the awareness of the existence of Allah and holy purpose of life) and the giving and caring for the needs of the poor and the destitute as the ultimate measures for following the Drn, believ- ing in Allah, and understanding the meaning and the purpose of Jdizh.
    keywords: life; man; prayer
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        item: #1689 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2866
      author: Turabi, Hasan
       title: Principles of Governance, Freedom, and Responsibility in Islam
        date: 1987.0
       words: 5205
      flesch: 53
     summary: Any form or procedures for the organization of public life that can be ultimately related to Allah and put to His service in furtherance of the aims of Islamic government can be adopted unless expressly excluded by the shafi‘ah. Moreover, not everything is practically capable of enforcement through government law.
    keywords: government; islamic; law; life; muslims; social; society; state; system
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        item: #1690 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2867
      author: Abul-Fadl, Mona
       title: Community, Justice, and Jihad: Elements of the Muslim Historical Consciousness
        date: 1987.0
       words: 9134
      flesch: 57
     summary: Justice: The Goal and Propeller of Muslim Consciousness The centrality of Justice in the Muslim historical consciousness flows from its place in the Muslim historical community. It is ultimately hampered in its understanding and calls for an appreciation of the substance of Islamic Justice.
    keywords: allah; community; consciousness; faith; history; islamic; jihad; justice; life; muslim; order; right; social; society; tawhid; umma; world
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        item: #1691 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2868
      author: Abdallah, Fadel
       title: Islam, Slavery, and Racism: The Use of Strategy in the Pursuit of Human Rights
        date: 1987.0
       words: 9563
      flesch: 73
     summary: *' In another verse, we hear that part of the alms should be devoted by an Islamic government to free slaves. In the Hudaybiyah campaign, accounts tell us that when many slaves from the enemy camp came to the Muslim camp to embrace Islam, the Prophet announced that they automatically became free.45 Muhammad also initiated a very novel way to free slaves; history tells us that the slaves of war in the Islamic campaigns were set free if they taught ten Muslims how to read and write.46 History records the stories of several slave men and women whose attach- ment to the Prophet became proverbial, as did his attachment to them.
    keywords: allah; cit; islam; islamic; muslims; prophet; question; slavery; slaves; social; teachings; vol; women
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        item: #1692 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2869
      author: Arif, Muhammad
       title: The Islamization of Knowledge and Some Methodological Issues in Paradigm Building: The General Case of Social Science with a Special Focus on Economics
        date: 1987.0
       words: 8718
      flesch: 49
     summary: Problems and Provisos in an SRP for Islamic Economics Evaluating the performance of the Islamic economic system by the above stated set of criteria, has some very important implications for the SRP cur- rently under way in the area of Islamic economics. Muhammad ‘&if, “Toward the SharPah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution,” The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, July 1985, pp. 79-99.
    keywords: capitalism; concepts; economic; foundations; islamic; islamization; knowledge; paradigm; scientific; social; stratification; system; view; world
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        item: #1693 of 2426
          id: ajiss-287
      author: Hasan, Md. Mahmudul
       title: Islam’s Encounter with English and Ismail al-Faruqi’s Concept of Islamic English: A Postcolonial Reading
        date: 2014.0
       words: 8843
      flesch: 47
     summary: Keywords: Islam and English, Islamic English, Muslim names, Islamic theological terms, abrogation, appropriation, semantic distortion Md. In this respect, al-Faruqi’s notion of Islamic English is appropriate and timely.
    keywords: 3/26/2014; ajiss31; arabic; cultural; english; faruqi; islamic; islamic english; language; muslims; names; page; terms; translation; words; world
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        item: #1694 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2870
      author: Langgulung, Hasan
       title: Toward An Ummatic Paradigm for Psychology
        date: 1987.0
       words: 6299
      flesch: 44
     summary: Scientific Progress Through Psychological Community The organization of psychological communities around psychological paradigms, as done by physical science communities around physical paradigms, will make psychological progress through normal and extraor- dinary science possible. The interdependency of scientific paradigms and scientific communities is one of the keys to Kuhn’s understanding of how the physical sciences historically have progressed.
    keywords: community; knowledge; kuhn; members; paradigmatic; physical; science; scientists; social; world
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        item: #1695 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2872
      author: Drury, Abdullah
       title: Comfortably Numb: A Short History of New Zealand Muslim Discourse and Thought
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8051
      flesch: 40
     summary: I E T Y 3 8 : 1 - 2 Muslim Associations and the national Federation, I may be endors- ing the somewhat overly optimistic appraisals of those who think that New Zealand Islam may be a direct model for the wider South Pacific. Therefore, there was no straightforward process towards what makes New Zealand Islam unique in New Zealand today.
    keywords: d r; e r; f o; federation; islamic; muslim; new; new zealand; o r; r n; r y; tradition; u r; zealand
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        item: #1696 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2873
      author: Rahman, Mushtaqur
       title: Editorial
        date: 1988.0
       words: 902
      flesch: 47
     summary: Among of the objectives of MISS, and its sponsors, namely the International Institute of Islamic Thought @IT) and the Association of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS), has been the effort to restore confidence among the Muslim scholars and revive Islamic scholarship to its former high standards. The second section of this issue has three papers on matters concerning Islamic Thought.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; social
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        item: #1697 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2874
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid
       title: Guiding Light: Selections from the Holy Qur’an
        date: 1988.0
       words: 1097
      flesch: 75
     summary: In all these cases, the Qur’iin shows us the importance of such terms and the positive and negative ways they are used. In the above verses and many others, we find other terms of similar meaning and dimensions.
    keywords: term; use
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        item: #1698 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2875
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: Professor Fazlur Rahman: (1332-1408 AH / 1919-1988 AC)
        date: 1988.0
       words: 577
      flesch: 53
     summary: On Dhu a1 fiijjuh 12, 1408 AH, July 26, 1988 Professor Fazlur Rahman breathed his last as a result of post-cardiac surgery complications at the Billings Hospital in Chicago. Born in Punjab (Pakistan) in 1332 AH / 1919 AC, Professor Fazlur Rahman was educated at the universities of Punjab and Oxford.
    keywords: islamic; rahman
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        item: #1699 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2876
      author: Rahman, Fazlur
       title: Islamization of Knowledge: A Response
        date: 1988.0
       words: 4446
      flesch: 71
     summary: When the philosophic impact came upon this kaliim tradition however, we note, after a1 Ghazili, another great scholar, Fakr a1 Din a1 R5zi (RA). But, precisely because he had done this, he was attacked by a1 Ghazili (ra) who wrote a book titled Tahiifit al-faliisifah (The Incoherence of Philosophers), which actually meant the Tahiifit (Incoherence) of Ibn Sinii, wherein he condemned certain very important propositions of Ibn Sin5 from what he saw contrary to the Islamic perspective.
    keywords: good; ibn; ilm; islamic; knowledge; man
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        item: #1700 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2878
      author: Ba-Yunus, Ilyas
       title: Al Faruqi and Beyond: Future Directions in Islamization of Knowledge
        date: 1988.0
       words: 6436
      flesch: 52
     summary: Thus, Isma’il, AbiiSulaymsn and AMSS were right in emphasizing that Islamic Knowledge has to be rational, telic and societal in scope. Not that Isma'il did not care for Muslim community education at the lower school level - Muslim schools, especially in Philadelphia, owe a great deal to his activities in that area.
    keywords: american; amss; education; islamic; islamization; isma’il; knowledge; muslim; sciences; social; time
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        item: #1701 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2879
      author: Safi, Louay M.
       title: War and Peace in Islam 
        date: 1988.0
       words: 12912
      flesch: 63
     summary: Jiimi'&kiim a1 Qur'iin Cairo: Matba'ah DBr a1 Kutub a1 Masriyyah, 1354 AH/1935 AC. See AbS Himid a1 Ghazzili, A1 MustasJufi 'Ilm a1 Usul (Cairo: a1 Matba'ah a1 Amiriyyah 1322 AH/1804 AC) Louay M. Sifi War and Peace 47 under the leadership of AbiiBakr, against the Arab apostates, and the f l d t h : “The blood of a Muslim may not be legally split other than in three instances: the mamed person, who commits adultery; a life for a life; and one who forsakes his religion and abandons the community ( i ~ r
    keywords: a1 islam; allah; book; diir; fight; ibn; islamic; jurists; law; muhammad; muslim; non; peace; people; prophet; religion; state; verse; vol; war
       cache: ajiss-2879.pdf
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        item: #1702 of 2426
          id: ajiss-288
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Islamic Revivalism in the Arab World and Its Dialogue with the West: The Homo Culturus Perspective
        date: 2014.0
       words: 9064
      flesch: 49
     summary: Thus, Ara- bic and Islam are the two cultural cornerstones that create the strong solidarity seen among Arab Muslim societies. The failure of contemporary Arab Muslim societies has been caused by their exchanging the straight path of Islam for a western secular path based on materialistic ideologies and values.
    keywords: arab; culture; dialogue; homo; human; islamic; knowledge; muslim; revivalism; science; social; societies; west; world
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        item: #1703 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2880
      author: Sachedina, Abdul Aziz
       title: Unity through diversity: the Shar‘i Vision 
        date: 1988.0
       words: 8225
      flesch: 38
     summary: It is significant that the development of u$ alfiqh (theoretical basis or principles of Islamic law) under the great legal scholar Imiim al ShBfi‘i (d. 204 A.H.1819 A.C.) responded to this need of the Muslim scholars to systematically define the intellectural procedures for deductively inferring judicial decisions from the given textual and contextual circumstances. Accordingly, Islamic law has been treated as completely lacking in historical phenomenon, closely tied with the pro- gress of society.
    keywords: allah; authority; community; divine; human; islamic; jurists; law; muslim; order; swt; unity
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        item: #1704 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2881
      author: Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ali
       title: Breaking the Pen: (of Sir Harold ibn MacMichael ibn Hicks) The Ja'aliyyin Identity Revisited
        date: 1988.0
       words: 6086
      flesch: 52
     summary: Royce argues the significance of boundary behavior to a definition of ethnic identity in the following: No ethnic group can maintain a believable (viable) identity without signs, symbols, and underlying values that point to a distinctive identity. Whereupon they threw themselves 58Royce, Ethnic Identity, 7. 59Ha~an, The Arabs, 175, 49, 111, 131.
    keywords: adams; arabs; genealogies; genealogy; history; ibrahim; identity; macmichael; nubia; scholars; sudan; sudanese; tradition; vol
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        item: #1705 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2882
      author: Khan, Muhammad Akram 
       title: Commodity Exchange and Stock Exchange in Islamic Economy
        date: 1988.0
       words: 10712
      flesch: 66
     summary: Another cardinal principle of Islamic market is that each transaction must involve physical transfer of the commodity or its ownership to the buyer?Z The seller must also own a commodity or property before he can re-sell it?3 Thus, all those transactions in which mere paper transfers are made without any actual delivery of the commodity or stock are not covered by the Islamic law of the market?4 6. Futures markets are not the answer to these fluctuations.
    keywords: commodity; delivery; economy; exchange; forward; futures; islamic; market; money; price; shares; speculators; stock; stock exchange; value
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        item: #1706 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2883
      author: Shaikh, Muzaffar A.
       title: Ethics of Decision-Making in Islamic and Western Environments
        date: 1988.0
       words: 5236
      flesch: 52
     summary: An important aspect of Islamic decision making is how a group should go about making a decision. We shall attempt to illustrate most of these attributes with respect to ethics in decision making in the following paragraphs.
    keywords: allah; business; decision; ethical; ethics; group; holy; islamic; making; vol
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        item: #1707 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2884
      author: Rashid, Salim
       title: Surah Quraysh
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2537
      flesch: 54
     summary: This overarching theme of the bounty of Allah is strengthened when we remember that Siiruh Quruysh closely follows Siimh ul El, (the Elephant) in which Quruysh are reminded of Abraha's attempt to conquer the Ka'buh with elephants and how Allah (SWT) turned back this attack. While the variety of translations provided, as well as the seemingly descriptive style of Siiruh Quruysh, appears to have hidden some of the deeper significance of the siirah from Muslims in general and from economists in Salim K. Rashid Surah Quraysh 133 particular, the above interpretation, if acceptable, would indicate that Siirah Quruysh not only appears to enjoin civilization upon mankind as a means of securing the faith of believers and gaining that of new converts, but also informs us that the self-interest of rightly-guided men is not a contradiction in terms but rather a fruitful way of achieving the Will of Allah (SWT).
    keywords: allah; civilization; islam; islamic; quruysh; swt
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        item: #1708 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2885
      author: Rashid, Syed Khalid
       title: Islamization of “Muhammadan Law” in India
        date: 1988.0
       words: 6630
      flesch: 60
     summary: It gives the background in which “Muhammadan law” emerged and in what ways it differed from the Shuritzh: b The whole (of British Indian) judiciary was trained in English law and English legal concepts, such as the doctrine of precedent, and general principles of English Common law and equity inevitably infiltrated more and more into Islamic law as applied .in India. This law is peculiar in itself and cannot readily be used as a guide to the rules of Islamic law as applied in countries which have been outside this system, such as, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Iran, Nigeria, etc.
    keywords: allah; british; courts; english; india; islamic; judges; justice; law; muhammadan; muhammadan law; muslim; sharibh; vol
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        item: #1709 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2886
      author: Ahmed, Akbar S.
       title: The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics: Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Edited by Ali Banuazizi and Myron Weiner. Syracuse University Press (1407 AH/1987 AC). Published simultaneously by Vanguard Books Ltd. , Pakistan. pp. 390.
        date: 1988.0
       words: 2319
      flesch: 54
     summary: Furthermore, the irredentist and secessionist claims made by various ethnic groups and governments contribute to the persistence of the crisis of ethnic group identity and undermine their loyalty to each of the states. Some cannot resist the pitfall into which social scientists are wont to plummet, i.e., the use of impenetrably recondite jargon: “Whatever the particular criterion for group identity, inquiry into the relationship of ethnic groups to the larger sociocultural systems of which they are a part ought to rest on the ‘situational’ approach to ethnicity” (P. Higgins: p.169).
    keywords: afghanistan; iran; pakistan; population; state
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        item: #1710 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2887
      author: Hart, David M.
       title: Discovering Islam: Making Sense of Muslim History and Society by Akbar S. Ahmed. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1988. pp. 251
        date: 1988.0
       words: 954
      flesch: 50
     summary: The book’s title and subtitle seem, to this reviewer at least, an accurate reflection of its content: it has an introduction also called “Discovering Islam”, then two major sections (each divided into chapters of unequal length; the first and longer on ”The Pattern of Muslim History” and the second on ”Contempomy Muslim Society” (with a conclusion again entitled “Discovering Islam”). Ahmed’s own experience in climbing Mt. &a’ outside Makkah, while he recounts that of the Prophet, gets his book off to an excellent start; and after a discussion of the Prophet’s life and mission (with a useful genealogy for non-anthropologist readers on p. 18), he gives us good looks, in turn, at the four ideal caliphs, the early and properly Arab dynasties (the Umawi and the Abbiisi, as well as the Umawik offshoot in a1 Andalus), the triad of Muslim empires (Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal), Sufis and scholars (with special emphasis on al Biruiii and Ibn Khalduii; two of Ahmed‘s most illustrious predecessors as Muslim anthropologists), Islam of the periphery (in China and the USSR), Islam under European colonialism and - now forming the second part of the book-Contemporary Islam.
    keywords: ahmed; book; islam
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        item: #1711 of 2426
          id: ajiss-289
      author: Rashid, Mamunur; Hassan, M. Kabir
       title: The Market Values of Islamic Banks and Ethical Identity
        date: 2014.0
       words: 14576
      flesch: 57
     summary: Corporate revealed ethics and corporate applied ethics Jones, 1995 Proactive vs. reactive communication Jones & Wicks, 1999 Rashid and Hassan: Islamic Banks and Ethical Identity 63 ajiss31-2_ajiss 3/26/2014 8:07 AM Page 63 Balmer & Soenen, 1999 Actual, communicated, ideal, and desired ethical identity Farook & Lanis, 2005 Recent disclosure requirements have put forward the importance of social disclosures through annual reports Wilson, 2002 Irrespective of the level of ethical conduct, Islamic banks do not communicate Anas & Mounira, 2009 the information to the annual report. Author(s) This study examines the ethical iden- tity of Islamic banks in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and the Arab Gulf region under eight distinctive dimensions to explore the difference between ideal and communicated ethical conducts via annual re- ports.
    keywords: bangladesh; banking; banks; business; commitment; eii; ge 0; identity; information; islamic; islamic bank; journal; malaysia; management; market; performance; shari‘ah; social; study
       cache: ajiss-289.pdf
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        item: #1712 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2890
      author: Syeed, Sayyid M.
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 1986.0
       words: 436
      flesch: 45
     summary: The first article was written by the late Lamya’ al-Flriiqi, slain wife of al-Sh&d I s d a al-Flriiqi, who interprets the Islamization of knowledge through the sound arts. The third article in this section, by Professor Masudul Alam Choudhury, raises serious issues in the microeconomic foundations of Islamic economics.
    keywords: section
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        item: #1713 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2891
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light Selections from the Holy Qur'an
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1235
      flesch: 73
     summary: (only) those of you who do wrong: Surah VIJI:25 ( Y O :JLih) And confuse not their beliefs (Truly) in security, for they Surah VI:82 Verily, Allah does not do the least Wrong unto men, but it is men Who wrong themselves.
    keywords: allah; surah; wrong
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        item: #1714 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2892
      author: al Faruqi, Lois Lamya'
       title: Islamization Through the Sound Arts
        date: 1986.0
       words: 4715
      flesch: 57
     summary: Whenever examples of sound art expression become too seiisuous or musically descriptive of earthly or human qualities, rather than a succession of sound patterns that leads the hearer to contemplate the higher Reality, Muslims have sought to correct or reject them. A. First of all, the way Islamic sound arts can have a powerful effect is by implementing their role as “translations” into sound of the Islamic message of rawhid.
    keywords: arts; cultural; expression; ibn; islamic; islamization; music; muslim; sound; world
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        item: #1715 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2893
      author: Ahmed, Akbar S.
       title: Toward Islamic Anthropology
        date: 1986.0
       words: 23993
      flesch: 53
     summary: Social anthropologists can make good use of the first of these criteria, for some degree of social order is attained in every society, and social anthropologists are interested in finding out how this is done. They do not, or at least they should not, imply that social anthropologists and cultural anthropologists study different sub- ject matter.
    keywords: ahmed; akbar; american; anthropologists; anthropology; british; century; colonial; contemporary; culture; economic; example; groups; history; institutions; islamic; journal; life; london; man; muslim; organization; people; press; social; social sciences; societies; society; structure; studies; study; systems; terms; tribal; university; vol; western; work; world
       cache: ajiss-2893.pdf
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        item: #1716 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2894
      author: Choudhury, Masudul Alam
       title: The Micro-Economics Foundations of Islamic Economics: A Study In Social Economics
        date: 1986.0
       words: 5152
      flesch: 37
     summary: In building up this analytical framework of ethical economics, we study the field of social economics in general and of Islamic economics in particular as a field of social economics. The bottom-up approach to an ethical macro-economics also suggests that only when ethical economic relationships are first formed and progressively reinforced at the micro-economic levels, can the state thereafter promote the ethico-economic foundations of an Islamic society.
    keywords: consumption; economics; equilibrium; exchange; islamic; level; menu; preferences; production; social; system
       cache: ajiss-2894.pdf
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        item: #1717 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2895
      author: Salahuddin, Muhammed
       title: Political Obligation: Its Scope and Limits in Islamic Political Doctine
        date: 1986.0
       words: 7478
      flesch: 63
     summary: [And]: If people see a wrongdoer but do not stay his hand, it is most likely that Allah will encompass them all with His punishment J9 When my Community lacks the courage to face the tyrant and to say: “You are a tyrant,” then this is its demise.*O T W into consideration the three main points upon which Muslim jurists have a general consensus (page-above) , and the unanswered questions (page- above), differences among jurists center on the use of force in any rebellion, where we can distinguish three major trends: 1) Those who contend that once force becomes the last resort, it must be used regardless of any consequences. In thew& ofthe Fkphet, He who withdraws his hand from obedience [to the a&-] will have nothing in his lFsrior when he meets Allah on the Day of b u r - =tin; and he who dies without having considexed himself bound by a pledge of allegiance WteraUy, While there is no pledge of allegianceonhisnecK]haddiedthe~thofthe'i~ofI~~ [i.e., as an unbeliever].
    keywords: allah; community; government; islamic; jurists; muhammad; muslim; obedience; obligation; prophet; qur’an; right; tyrant
       cache: ajiss-2895.pdf
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        item: #1718 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2896
      author: Rajaee, Farhang
       title: Islamic Ideal and Political Reality in Late-Classical Muslim Thought
        date: 1986.0
       words: 5058
      flesch: 61
     summary: The end of Islamic political thought thus is to materialize these principles. Because they are codified in a body of law, the Islamic polity may be referred to as a nomocracy, making Islamic political thought a legal enterprise.
    keywords: allah; history; ideal; imiim; islamic; king; law; leader; leadership; position; state; thought
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        item: #1719 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2899
      author: al Seini, Sayeed
       title: An Islamic Concept of News
        date: 1986.0
       words: 5134
      flesch: 65
     summary: Vol. 3, p. 930. Muhammad F. Abdul Baqi, Suhiih Muslim, Vol. 4 (Dar Ihiya Al-Kutubil A'rabiyah, 1955), Holy Qur'an, 1736; See the commentary of this verse.
    keywords: cit; holy; ibid; islamic; news; objectivity; person; qur'an; vol
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        item: #1720 of 2426
          id: ajiss-29
      author: ojsadmin
       title: American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 31 Summer 2014 Number 3
        date: 2017.0
       words: 15562
      flesch: 46
     summary: As a continent that has made great strides in development but still has a long way to go, this is a helpful aspect of African Islam; (2) Islam has a progressive economic outlook and favors equity. Obviously, learning to live together is a pro- foundly important pillar, for any stratification and prejudice based on sects and denominations violates Q. 49:13: “O humanity, We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise (each other).”40 Learning to know Islam also includes knowing the history of female mujtahids, remem- bering that early Islam released women from their previous subjugation,41 and 12 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:3 ajiss31-3_ajiss 5/28/2014 1:24 PM
    keywords: africa; ajiss31; ali; american; cultural; editor; education; history; institute; international; islam; islamic; islamic thought; journal; learning; mazrui; muslim; page; religion; report; research; sciences; social; states; studies; teaching; thought; universities; university; world
       cache: ajiss-29.pdf
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        item: #1721 of 2426
          id: ajiss-290
      author: Adewale Muteeu, Bakare
       title: The Unified World Order: The Exposition of Open World Peace Paradigms
        date: 2014.0
       words: 10751
      flesch: 45
     summary: Keywords:Micro-Islamics, open globalization, open civilization logic, open peace platform, global union, micro-religious plat- form, open world peace, world star pentagon Bakare Adewale Muteeu has a B.Eng. Therefore, these looming global situations are likely to expand from the Muslim world into other worlds and cause a systemic disaster if the necessary balance is not sought.
    keywords: 3/26/2014; ajiss31; civilizations; communication; concept; global; humanity; islamic; open; order; page; peace; source; system; union; values; world; world order
       cache: ajiss-290.pdf
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        item: #1722 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2900
      author: Nyang, Sulayman S.
       title: In Memoriam
        date: 1986.0
       words: 1144
      flesch: 56
     summary: During his early years in the United States, Professor a1 Faruqi engaged in research on the Arab experience. In the 1960s when the Muslim student population began to swell significant- ly and a Muslim Student Association was formed by some dedicated young Muslims who wanted to retain their cultural identity in the face of strong Western cultural influences, Professor a1 Faruqi became one of the counsellors to these young men and women searching for roots and trying not to be seduced from the sirat ul-Mustuqim (the path of righteousness).
    keywords: faruqi; islamic; muslim
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        item: #1723 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2901
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selection from the Holy Quran
        date: 1986.0
       words: 633
      flesch: 62
     summary: They are invited to study the history of human civilization in its light and help man to understand himself better and follow a better course of action in the future. Muslims who accept with full faith and confidence all aspects of ghuyb and al-kulliyat al-iluhiyah ac- cording to Allah's message, should subject their thought and action to the ob- jective laws of life and matter (sunan al-Wuzlq).
    keywords: action; muslim
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        item: #1724 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2902
      author: al Faruqi, Ismail Raji 
       title: Meta-Religion: Towards A Critical World Theology
        date: 1986.0
       words: 22113
      flesch: 56
     summary: It was only in the sixth century B.C., when Greek thinkers had lost faith in their own religion and began to criticize its incoherence and false claims and to condemn the immorality of its gods, that some tolerance and curiosity for other religions developed. JUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY The religion of the Hebrew patriarchs, and of their states of Israel and Judah down to the Assyrian invasion which blotted out the former, developed with awareness of other religions.
    keywords: christian; christianity; claim; data; divine; faith; faruqi; god; history; human; islamic; ismail; jews; judaism; knowledge; life; man; meaning; men; meta; muslim; prophet; qur’an; reality; religion; religious; revelation; sciences; social; state; study; theology; time; truth; universal; wholes; world
       cache: ajiss-2902.pdf
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        item: #1725 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2903
      author: El Nejjar, Zaghloul R.
       title: The Limitations of Science and the Teachings of Science from the Islamic Perspective
        date: 1986.0
       words: 6730
      flesch: 52
     summary: Science comprises both sensual and non-sensual information, the latter is known as “scientific abstmction” or “higher truth” which is a common ground for science, philosophy and religion. Some individual efforts, however, to write science from a true believing perspective have emerged like the writings of the following prokssors: Ibrahim Farag, Muahmmad Ahmad El-Ghamrawi, Muhammad Mahmound Ibrahim, Zaghloul El Nejjar The Limitations and the Teachings of Science 65 Khattab Muhammad, Malek bin Nabi, Waheed-uddin Khan, Muhammad Said Kim, Ahmad Abdis-slam El-Kerdani, Muhammad Jamaluddin El Fandi, Abder Razzak Nawfal, Ahmad Zaki, Hanafi Ahmad, Mustafa M a h m d , Khales Konjo, Hasan Zeino, Afeef Tabbarah, Qais Al Qirttas, M. Ferdouse Khan, M. M. M. Qadri, A. Q. Chowdhury, M. Akbar Ali, Maurice Buccaile, etc. (among the Muslim writers), Sir James Geans, A. Cressy Morrison, Alexis Carel, Graham Cannon and Albert Einstein (among foreign writers).
    keywords: american; fact; islamic; knowledge; laws; life; man; muslim; new; science; truth; universe; world; york
       cache: ajiss-2903.pdf
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        item: #1726 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2904
      author: Syeed, Sayyid Muhammad
       title: Islamization of Linguistics
        date: 1986.0
       words: 4293
      flesch: 53
     summary: Languages, according to Marrism, were not national but class phenomena and thus Marrism and Marxism were integrated in the study of languages. The availability of a scientific analysis of the sound system of Muslim languages and a firm faith in the use of one standard pan-Islamic script to strengthen our cultural ties can help us reform the or- thographic systems on the Muslim languages toward a better functional efficiency.
    keywords: arabic; islamic; islamization; language; linguistics; muslim; people; persian; study; world
       cache: ajiss-2904.pdf
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        item: #1727 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2905
      author: Ma’ruf, A. Muhammad
       title: Towards An Islamic Critique of Anthropological Evolutionism
        date: 1986.0
       words: 8110
      flesch: 47
     summary: The accepted theoretical system has provided to anthropologists a basis for outlining a comprehensive view of human history which is inextricably linked to the history of all organic life. D. HUMAN ECOLOGY Human ecology, in its widest sense of the relationships among man, his technology, and his environment has developed as a specialized branch of the materialist understanding of human history and cultural development which characterizes modem anthropological studies.
    keywords: american; anthropology; biological; biology; culture; evolution; evolutionism; history; human; islamic; principles; sciences; social; studies; study; theory; thought; world
       cache: ajiss-2905.pdf
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        item: #1728 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2906
      author: Schleifer, S. Abdullah
       title: Islam and Information: Need, Feasibility and Limitations of An Independent Islamic News Agency
        date: 1986.0
       words: 7157
      flesch: 42
     summary: The IINA is moving ahead, steadily if modestly, towards most of the ob- jectives defined at the time of its founding: to foster closer relations among member states; to promote professional contacts and technical cooperation among news agencies of member states and to work for the creation of a full- fledged international news agency with its own regional centers. Mattingly noted that Americans as a whole spend far more money on oqptzed religious activities than on organized sports (in contrast to Western Europe, the U.S.A. is still a relatively religious society), but despite the customary view of the market place as the arbiter of editorial concern, news coverage of religion barely exists when compared to massive U.S. sports coverage.
    keywords: agencies; agency; american; coverage; iina; islamic; islamic news; journalism; media; muslim; national; news; news agencies; news agency; perspective; press; service; world
       cache: ajiss-2906.pdf
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        item: #1729 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2907
      author: Zaman, M. Raquibuz
       title: The Operation of the Modern Financial Markets for Stocks and Bonds and its Relevance to an Islamic Economy
        date: 1986.0
       words: 7475
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thus, in terms of security to an investor, the most attractive firm of investment is mortgage bonds, followed by debenture bonds, preferred stocks and common stocks. B. ZNVESTZNG IN SrOCZCS Stocks or share certificates can broadly be divided into two basic categories: prejerred stocks and common stocks.
    keywords: bonds; economic; enterprise; investment; investors; islamic; issuer; market; option; price; rights; securities; stocks; time; warrants
       cache: ajiss-2907.pdf
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        item: #1730 of 2426
          id: ajiss-291
      author: Rasheed, Shaireen
       title: Islam, Sexuality, and the “War on Terror”: Luce Irigaray’s Post-Colonial Ethics of Difference
        date: 2014.0
       words: 6549
      flesch: 43
     summary: I con- clude by discussing bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Irigaray’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference,” in an attempt to provide the phenomenological Shaireen Rasheed is a professor of philosophical foundations in the College of Education at Long Island University, Post Campus. I conclude with a discussion of bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Iri- 2 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31:1 ajiss31-1_ajiss 12/4/2013 2:16 PM Page 2 garay’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference.”5
    keywords: ajiss31; difference; ethics; irigaray; islam; muslim; politics; rights; sexuality; social; state; war; women
       cache: ajiss-291.pdf
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        item: #1731 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2912
      author: Lahmar, Fella
       title: Madrasas and the Making of Islamic Womanhood (by Hem Borker)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 2046
      flesch: 51
     summary: Muslim women have been active in such Islamic education for centuries. Borker’s work furthers this scholarly understanding by captur- ing facets of the complex educational role that madrasa schooling plays in the lives and careers of Muslim girls in India.
    keywords: education; girls; madrasa; muslim
       cache: ajiss-2912.pdf
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        item: #1732 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2913
      author: AbuSulayman, 'AbdulHamid A.
       title: Guiding Light: Selection from the Holy Quran
        date: 1985.0
       words: 845
      flesch: 61
     summary: It is the duty of Muslim behavioral scientists in general and psychiatrists in particular to study and research these Qur'anic directions and propositions about human nature, and the traits, habits and behaviors necessary to counter their negative effects on human life, peace and mind and gratification. It is their duty to make people understand the important role of these Qur'anic direc- tions in human life and suggest the ways and means to the Muslims to develop the traits recommended by Qur’an in the individual life and the structure of society.
    keywords: qur’an; word
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        item: #1733 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2914
      author: Ahsan, Abdullah
       title: A Late Nineteenth Century Muslim Response to the Western Criticism of Islam-An Analysis of Amir ‘Ali’s Life and Works
        date: 1985.0
       words: 12482
      flesch: 65
     summary: Amir ‘Ali entered into a direct controversy on several issues on Islam at a later date with a few British writers, but he maintained similar views throughout on those issues!Z Amir Ali directly challenges few of Muir’s theories which the former con- siders as false theories. A special characteristic of Amir 'Ali in this respect is that he goes on to the history of the Christian people and points to par- ticular events in order to support his polemics against the Christian religious tradition.
    keywords: ali; amir; attitude; british; christianity; comte; development; english; history; ibid; india; islam; islamic; life; muir; muslim; prophet; reason; thought; works
       cache: ajiss-2914.pdf
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        item: #1734 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2915
      author: Abdallah, Fadel I.
       title: NOTES ON IBN HAZM’S REJECTION OF ANALOGY (QIYAS) IN MATTERS OF RELIGIOUS LAW
        date: 1985.0
       words: 8913
      flesch: 66
     summary: This verse among other verses65 that Ibn Hazm quotes are for him clear evidence that the texts have included everything, so there is no need for analogical deduction.66 But Allah reached them from a place whereof they recked not, and cast terror in their hearts so that they ruined their houses with their own hands and the hands of the believers, so learn a lesson, 0 ye who have eyes!”43 Ibn Hazm cites several other examples from the Qur’an where the same word, i‘tuburu, or a derivation from it is used only to mean “to learn a lesson.”
    keywords: abu; analogists; analogy; criteria; deduction; hazm; ibid; ibn; ibn hazm; islamic; prophet; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-2915.pdf
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        item: #1735 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2916
      author: Schleifer, Aliah
       title: Ibn Khaldun’s Theories of Perception, Logic and Knowledge: An Islamic Phenomenology
        date: 1985.0
       words: 2942
      flesch: 60
     summary: In this, Ibn Khaldun separates thinking and action, making use of an Aristotelian point that the beginning of action is the end of thinking, and vice versa. SchleifedAliah Ibn Khaldun’s Theories of Perception 227 memory power leads to thinking power.
    keywords: ibn; intellect; khaldun; knowledge; man; perception; soul
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        item: #1736 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2917
      author: Mir, Mustansir
       title: SOME FEATURES OF MAWDUDI'S TAFHIM AL-QUR'AN
        date: 1985.0
       words: 5689
      flesch: 68
     summary: E.g., 11,258 (S. 10); V.244 (S. 55); VI,180 (S. 76); VI,402 (S. m). To give an example of the wider scope of the latter volume: S. 2:270 and S. 76:7 both speak of the making and fulfilling of one’s vows.
    keywords: arberry; din; islamic; life; mawdiidi; mawdudi; suras; translation; urdu; verse
       cache: ajiss-2917.pdf
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        item: #1737 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2918
      author: Ansari, Zafar Ishaq
       title: W.D. Muhammad: The Making of a “Black Muslim” Leader (l933-1961)
        date: 1985.0
       words: 8817
      flesch: 70
     summary: However, Eric C. Lincoln, whose book The Black Muslims in America. has come to be considered a classic on the subject, did not include Wallace Muhammad in 1%1 (when the first edition of his book was published) among the two leading contenders to the successorship to Elijah Muhammad. This, as Wallace Muhammad grew to youth, the Temple became his “second home,” and Fard‘s Gospel as preached by Elijah Muhammad was “the very air that Wallace. . .
    keywords: chicago; elijah; elijah muhammad; father; interview; islam; leader; movement; muhammad; nation; w.d; wallace; wallace muhammad; years
       cache: ajiss-2918.pdf
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        item: #1738 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2919
      author: Garaudy, Roger
       title: The Balance Sheet of Western Philosophy in This Century
        date: 1985.0
       words: 4608
      flesch: 61
     summary: They determine the future course of Muslim development, and make Muslim countries dependent upon the West’s philosophy underlying Western science and technology. We should acquire Western science and technology selectively, creatively, and critically.
    keywords: faith; god; islam; islamic; man; muslim; philosophy; science; west
       cache: ajiss-2919.pdf
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        item: #1739 of 2426
          id: ajiss-292
      author: Latief, Hilman
       title: Contesting Almsgiving in Post-New Order Indonesia
        date: 2014.0
       words: 14722
      flesch: 46
     summary: Contesting Almsgiving in Post-New Order Indonesia Hilman Latief Abstract This article explores the origin and development of the ideas and practice of zakat (Islamic tax) on salary and identifies how it affects the nature of zakat practice in contemporary Indonesia. Some believe that zakat practice has been precisely pre- scribed in the Qur’an and Sunnah and thus such an “innovation” is not necessary; others consider zakat to belong to that part of the Is- lamic ethical and economic system that is open to reinterpretation and innovation.
    keywords: ajiss31; almsgiving; concept; government; income; indonesia; islamic; jakarta; mas’udi; muslim; new; order; page; pay; post; practice; rate; salary; servants; social; society; state; tax; taxes; ulama; wealth; welfare; zakat; zakat practice
       cache: ajiss-292.pdf
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        item: #1740 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2920
      author: Braibanti, Ralph
       title: Toward the Realization of Ummah: The Relevance of the Philippine Dar al-Harb
        date: 1985.0
       words: 6314
      flesch: 42
     summary: Even now that force activates its concern for Muslim minorities living under non- Muslim regimes. Only recently has much systematic attention been given to the condition of Muslim minorities.
    keywords: affairs; conference; dar; islamic; minorities; minority; muslim; national; organization; philippines; research; states; ummah; world
       cache: ajiss-2920.pdf
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        item: #1741 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2921
      author: Ahmad, Mumtaz
       title: Parliament, Parties, Polls and Islam: Issues in the Current Debate on Religion and Politics in Pakistan
        date: 1985.0
       words: 6313
      flesch: 51
     summary: He felt that any attempt to obstruct the election process in Pakistan would amount to the virtual defeat of Islamic political system. It now stated that “elections on the basis of political parties system are un-Islamic and unlawful according to the teachings of the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah” (emphasis added).46 On the other issues, such as the election and powers of the President and shoora, electoral college, and civil liberties, most of the practical recommendations of these reports apparently contradicted their ideological assumptions, for while they all paid rhetorical homage to the Islamic principles of shoora, equality and democracy, they nonetheless recommended a constitutional structure which sought to concentrate all power in the hands of the executive branch of the government.
    keywords: democracy; elections; government; islamic; lahore; muslim; pakistan; parties; president; shoora; state; system; zia
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        item: #1742 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2922
      author: Sharif al Mujahid
       title: Muslim Nationalism: Iqbal’s Synthesis of Pan-Islamism and Nationalism
        date: 1985.0
       words: 5230
      flesch: 56
     summary: Thus, Iqbal sought to resolve the sore conflict inherent in the nationalism-pan-Islamism dichotomy through the formulation of a synthetic concept of “Muslim nationalism.”37 Thus were laid the intellectual foundations of Muslim nationalism in India.
    keywords: indian; iqbal; islam; islamic; muslim; nationalism; pan; urdu; world
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        item: #1743 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2923
      author: Amin, Tahir
       title: Iran: Political Economy of an Islamic State
        date: 1985.0
       words: 802
      flesch: 55
     summary: As a result, most analysts of contemporary Iran, approaching the reality from the rigidly preconceived conceptual lenses, tend to grossly distort the actual picture. Iran: Political Economy of an Islamic State b Tahir Amin * Spring 1984 INTRODUCTION Political and economic developments in the post revolutionary Iran present a special dilemma to outside observers in general and to social scientists in particular as many developments do not seem to fit theusual political and economic categories with which the social scientists are normally familiar.
    keywords: iran; islamic; new
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        item: #1744 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2926
      author: Arif, Muhammad
       title: Toward the Shari'ah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution 
        date: 1985.0
       words: 702
      flesch: 38
     summary: The adherents of the conventional school do understand that the fundamentals of Islamic economic system are very different from the fundamentals of capitalism, but despite this fact they are not ready to accept this reality that Islamic economics deserves to be developed in its own right. Toward the Shari'ah Paradigm of Islamic Economics: The Beginning of a Scientific Revolution by Muhammad Arif* I. INTRODUCTION - THE MAJOR CRITICS OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS: This paper attempts to respond to the critics who, on various grounds, oppose the development of Islamic economics.
    keywords: economics; school
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        item: #1745 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2929
      author: Aljunied, Khairudin
       title: Indonesia’s Islamic Revolution (by Kevin Fogg)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1244
      flesch: 49
     summary: Indeed, Indonesian Islamic revolutionaries, much like their Iranian coun- terparts, were not always effective in the face of a technologically and strategically superior power. His study moves away from the locally-oriented research on Islamic revolutionary movements operating in differ- ent islands of the Indonesian archipelago to make a compelling case for a national-level analysis.
    keywords: fogg; indonesian; islamic; revolution
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        item: #1746 of 2426
          id: ajiss-293
      author: Ahangar, Mohd Altaf Hussain
       title: Crime and Punishment in a Modern Muslim State: A Pragmatic Approach
        date: 2014.0
       words: 8237
      flesch: 59
     summary: Keywords: foundational legal principles, hadd, qisas, diyah, tazir, Muslim legislative assembly, ulema Introduction By and large, contemporary Muslims enjoy all the facilities and comforts of modern life. In other words, Iqbal does not treat any past interpre- tation of foundational legal principles in Qur’an and Sunnah as final.12 Foundational Legal Principles regarding Crime and Punishment What, one may ask, are Islam’s foundational legal principles in relation to crime and punishment?13 Based on my research, these are the concepts of ḥadd, qiṣāṣ, ta‘zīr, and dīyah.
    keywords: crime; death; dīyah; injury; iqbal; islamic; law; life; muslim; punishment; qiṣāṣ; qur’an; state; ta‘zīr
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        item: #1747 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2934
      author: Helmy, Yomna
       title: From Islamic Modernism to Theorizing Authoritarianism: Bin Bayyah and the Politicization of the Maqāṣid Discourse
        date: 2022.0
       words: 14313
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Formative Period of the Maqāṣid According to al-Raysūnī, the Ḥanafi scholar al-Ḥakim al-Tirmidhī (d. probably 298/910) was the foremost jurist to dedicate a full book to maqāṣid in his work titled “The Objectives of Prayers,” and he was among the earliest jurists to explain the underlining purposes (al-‘ilal) of Islamic legal verdicts by using experiential and figurative methods.20 Similarly, al-Balkhī (d. 322/933) devoted his book al-Ibānah ‘an ‘ilal al-Diyānah to explaining the purposes underlying Islamic juridical rulings. 69 Kamālī, An Introduction to Sharī‘ah, 201. 70 ‘Attia, Towards Realization of the Higher Intents of Islamic Law, 116-149. 71 Rāchid al-Ghannoūchī, Al-Ḥurriyāt al-‘āmmah fī al-dawlah al-islāmiyyah (Beirut, 1993), 44. 68 
    keywords: approach; bayyah; bin; bin bayyah; e o; e r; f r; h e; h o; islamic; law; m e; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; maṣlaḥah; r n; r o; sharī‘ah; theory
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        item: #1748 of 2426
          id: ajiss-294
      author: Hamdan, Amani
       title: Muslim Women Stereotyped: Deconstructing Common Myths
        date: 2014.0
       words: 11908
      flesch: 52
     summary: Qasim Amin (d. 1908), a well-known Egyptian writer who helped disseminate the idea that Muslim women must be un- veiled,80 was only one of many Muslim writers who supported imitating the Hamdan: Muslim Women Stereotyped 87 ajiss31-1_ajiss 12/4/2013 2:16 PM Deconstructing Common Myths Amani Hamdan Abstract In this paper, I use global education theories and principles to de- construct common myths regarding Muslim women and the Is- lamic treatment of women.
    keywords: ajiss31; circumcision; education; fact; female; freedom; islam; islamic; muslim; new; page; polygamy; practice; principle; prophet; social; western; women; world
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        item: #1749 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2940
      author: Ahmad, Ahmad Atif
       title: Fifty-Seven Tracts: Shaybānī’s (d. 189/805) Aṣl/Mabsūṭ, Twelve Centuries On
        date: 2021.0
       words: 15031
      flesch: 62
     summary: The texts were mediated, for most readers, by the edits and rearrangements of the martyr of Rayy/Reyy (near Tehran), known as al-Ḥākim al-Marwazī (d. 334/945), in his Kāfī. Scholars of Ḥanafī law believe that the medi- ation of al-Ḥākim al-Marwazi was decisive in the reception of Shaybānī’s fifty-seven tracts.
    keywords: abode; c t; consent; e r; e t; f t; islam; kitāb; law; laws; m e; muslim; r n; shaybānī; t r
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        item: #1750 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2943
      author: Ma, Haiyun
       title: China’s Muslims and Japan’s Empire, Centering Islam in WWII (by Kelly A. Hammond)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 2107
      flesch: 51
     summary: Chapter One provides a concise history of Japan’s scholarship and policy on Chinese Muslims (Hammond deliberately uses the term “Sino-Muslims” to refer to Chinese- speaking Muslims) from the Meiji restoration to the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, as well as the linkages between Japanese politics and scholarship on Sino-Muslims. To better understand Imperial Japan’s policy towards the Hui, one needs to look at Imperial Japan’s encounters with and scholar- ship on Hui Muslims from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, when Imperial Japan began to encroach upon the East Asian continent after the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894-5 and the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-5 in Manchuria.
    keywords: china; japan; japanese; muslims
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        item: #1751 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2945
      author: Patel, Madiha
       title: The Power of Education (by Jeremy Henzell-Thomas)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1146
      flesch: 44
     summary: Jeremy Henzell-Thomas published a brief IIIT paper titled “The Power of Education” arguing that the true purpose of education has been forgotten. Henzell-Thomas argues that the mainstream critique of indoctrination associated with religious education is flawed, when in reality indoctrination is embedded in the mainstream educational system preventing the development of critical thinking, curiosity, and reflection.
    keywords: education; henzell; section
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        item: #1752 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2947
      author: Amasha, Muhammad
       title: Saṭwat al-Naṣ: Khiṭāb al-Azhar wa Azmat al-Ḥukm (By Basma Abdel Aziz)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1689
      flesch: 54
     summary: Though occupying what is arguably the highest Sunni authority, al-Tayyeb has been neglected by most scholars in the field, and the few accounts on al-Azhar focus on the coup’s impact on al-Azhar’s authority rather than primarily analyzing al-Tayyeb’s political interventions. American Journal of Islam and Society.indb 223 Saṭwat al-Naṣṣ: Khiṭāb al-Azhar wa Azmat al-Ḥukm G I Z A : S E F S A F A P U B L
    keywords: author; azhar; book
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        item: #1753 of 2426
          id: ajiss-295
      author: Ibrahim, Abadir M.
       title: Post-Revolutionary Islamism and the Future of Democracy and Human Rights in Egypt
        date: 2013.0
       words: 12958
      flesch: 42
     summary: Ben Wedeman, “Salafis Call for Islamic Law in Egypt protest,” CNN, 9 Nov. 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/09/world/africa/egypt-protests; “MENA, Salafi Youth Association to Attend Friday Protest,” Egypt Independent, 7 Jun. 2012, http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/salafi-youth-association-attend- friday-protest. 92. BBC, “Egypt’s Islamist Parties Win Elections to Parliament”; Aya Batrawy, “Egypt Elections 2012: Islamists Secure 75 Percent of Parliament, Huffington Post, 22 Mar. 2012, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/21/egypt-elections-2012- islamists_n_1220801.html; Omar Ashour, ‘The Unexpected Rise of the Salafists has Complicated Egyptian Politics,” Daily Star, 6 Jan. 2012; Batt Bradley, “Is- lamic Parties Dominate Egypt Parliamentary Elections,” Wall Street Journal, 21 Jan. 2012, online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405297020430140457717483211 7262816.html.
    keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; azhar; brotherhood; constitution; democracy; democratic; egypt; human; international; islamic; islamist; journal; law; new; page; post; revolution; rights; salafi; shari‘ah; society; state; women
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        item: #1754 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2951
      author: Mian, Ali Altaf
       title: Agents of Grace: Ethical Agency between Ghazālī and the Anthropology of Islam
        date: 2022.0
       words: 14379
      flesch: 54
     summary: As I demonstrate below, for Ghazālī human actions are shaped not only by knowledge and resolution (what Asad calls will) but are also contingent on bodily capacities and the grace of God. I A N Abstract This article contributes to theorizations of ethical agency in the anthropology of Islam by turning to the medieval moral theolo- gian Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī (1058-1111).
    keywords: action; agency; asad; e r; ethical; ghazālī; god; grace; intention; knowledge; mahmood; niyya; r n; tradition
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        item: #1755 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2954
      author: Carter, Youssef J.
       title: Black Muslimness Mobilized : A Study of West African Sufism in Diaspora
        date: 2019.0
       words: 11856
      flesch: 41
     summary: For African American Muslims in particu- lar, a visit to Senegal also entails taking time to visit tourist locations such as Le Monument de la Renaissance Africaine and La Maison des Esclaves on Gorée Island.28 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:1 Gorée Island in order to view the dungeons and shackles that were used to imprison captured African Muslims as they were forcibly migrated to their enslavement.
    keywords: african; american; black; community; corner; diaspora; diasporic; faye; islamic; journal; kinship; moncks; muslims; mustafawi; new; pilgrimage; press; senegal; shaykh; shaykh faye; social; students; university; west
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        item: #1756 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2958
      author: None
       title: ajiss-2958
        date: None
       words: 1205
      flesch: 34
     summary: Ali Mirsepassi and Tadd Graham Fernée introduce their book as a “critical study of citizenship, state, and globalization in societies historically influenced by Islamic traditions and institutions” (p. 1). Given this, in essence this work is at- tempting to replace western ontology with western epistemology, in the frame of which the critical study of Islamic traditions and institutions is undertaken.
    keywords: new; state
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        item: #1757 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2959
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Timeless or Timely? Vantage Points of Mosque Design
        date: 2017.0
       words: 5598
      flesch: 49
     summary: As a concluding note, this aptly focuses on the need for mosque spaces to contain places for dialogue and for art, as well as for artists and objects to have agency. Instead of dwelling nostalgically on ex- terior aesthetics, it questions the principles and notions of defining and creating mosque spaces.
    keywords: architecture; art; author; book; cairo; design; islamic; mosque; points; prayer; research; scholarship; section
       cache: ajiss-2959.pdf
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        item: #1758 of 2426
          id: ajiss-296
      author: Esfandiary, Esmaeil
       title: Islamic Awakening or Pro-Democracy Movement: How Tehran and Washington Framed the Egyptian Uprising
        date: 2013.0
       words: 6409
      flesch: 54
     summary: Not surprisingly, Iranians see the whole wave of Arab uprisings inspired by their own 1979 Islamic revolution. The recent wave of Arab uprisings, not to mention their success in toppling dictators in Egypt, Tunisia, and elsewhere, has reinforced such talk within Tehran’s official discourse.
    keywords: american; democracy; egypt; frames; framing; islamic; khamenei; obama; remarks; washington
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        item: #1759 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2960
      author: Kara, Ayşenur Sönmez
       title: ISIS and the Challenge of Interpreting Islam: Text, Context, and Islam-in-Modernity
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1727
      flesch: 49
     summary: Anjum responded to the final question by refusing to call ISIS “Islamic,” for “Of course ISIS is making Islamic claims, but Islamic tradition is very complex and has been very difficult to agree on things except for a very, very few fundamentals throughout Islamic history.” Ac- cording to Islamic tradition, groups like ISIS that employ violence to kill Mus- lims and non-Muslims are ghulāt (extremists), rebels, or khawārij.
    keywords: isis; islamic; muslim; tradition
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        item: #1760 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2964
      author: Rashid, Hussein
       title: The Lives of Muhammad: By Kecia Ali (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. 342 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1600
      flesch: 63
     summary: Ali pulls out Muslim sources critical of Muhammad and non-Muslim sources that praise him. It ends with a discussion of early non-Muslim constructions of Muham- mad, which establishes the back-and-forth between Muslim and non-Muslim communities presented in the following chapters.
    keywords: ali; chapter; muhammad; muslim
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        item: #1761 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2966
      author: Naguib, Shuruq
       title: Islam and the Epistemic Politics of Gender: A Decolonial Moment
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6947
      flesch: 43
     summary: I E T Y 3 8 : 1 - 2 Yet the thrust of feminist political and intellectual discourse since the 1970s not only universalized gender difference but made its being a central organizing principle inextricable from the analytical apparatus of gender theory. This stratagem, which she terms “biological foundationalism,” has allowed gender theory in its various inflections and permutations to hold the political claim about gender inequality and women’s condition of marginality as universal givens.
    keywords: e e; e n; e r; gender; m e; s t; t e
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        item: #1762 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2967
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Architecture of the Islamic West North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800 - Architecture in Global Socialism Eastern Europe, West Africa, and The Middle East in the Cold War - Architecture of Coexistence Building Pluralism
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6912
      flesch: 50
     summary: The schools included studies in the history of Baghdad, in Islamic architecture, and approaches to design that integrated local history with modern architecture. The hybridity of mosque design continued in Algeria, with several mosques and shrines from this period described.
    keywords: architecture; bloom; buildings; chapter; design; e r; e s; islamic; m e; r n; s s
       cache: ajiss-2967.pdf
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        item: #1763 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2968
      author: Karic, Dzenita 
       title: Remaking Muslim Lives: Everyday Islam in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina - Lived Islam: Colloquial Religion in a Cosmopolitan Tradition
        date: 2021.0
       words: 4415
      flesch: 47
     summary: The time, but also the place, is what frames the difference, and ultimately gives rise to varieties of Islam, which are all Lived Islam for those who reside in particular locales (34). (14) While the colloquial (as one of the manifestations described above) tends to be easily associated with common practitioners, Reinhart states that Lived Islam is always colloquial and always shaped by the locale.
    keywords: e s; henig; islam; muslims; s s
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        item: #1764 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2969
      author: Ahmad, Junaid S.
       title: Defending Muhammad in Modernity (by SherAli Tareen)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1690
      flesch: 56
     summary: This debate mainly revolved around three main themes including Prophetic intercession (sha- fa’at), the capacity of God to lie (imkan-i-kizb), and the creation of another Prophet after the last Prophet Muhammad (imkan-i- inzir). The book not only provides the context which gave rise to these debates, but also gives insight into overarching themes of modern Islam, the Prophet’s legacy in present times, political the- ology in South Asia, religion and colonialism, and debates within Muslim normative orientations.
    keywords: god; prophet
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        item: #1765 of 2426
          id: ajiss-297
      author: Aslan, Ali
       title: Between Identity and Difference: Turkey’s AK Party and Its Discourse of Conservative-Democracy
        date: 2013.0
       words: 13441
      flesch: 45
     summary: Indeed, authoritarianism and democracy share the same political ground in the sense that both rest on “democratic revolution” – the absence of a tran- scendental source of authority – and popular sovereignty: “[P]ower stems from the people” and yet “it is the power of nobody” (emphasis added).57 The legit- imacy of rule springs from nowhere but the people: “Conservative democracy considers political legitimacy to be based on popular sovereignty and the rule of law, which, in turn, is based on constitutionality and universally accepted norms.”58 Likewise, they champion a distinct form of rule other than author- itarian rule with respect to their acceptance of the democratic political ground and acting in congruence with those democratic procedures and mechanisms: “Conservative democracy favors a limited and defined form of political power.
    keywords: 8/16/2013; ajiss304; ak party; democracy; difference; discourse; identity; laclau; nation; new; order; page; party; people; politics; rule; secularism; social; society; turkey; unity
       cache: ajiss-297.pdf
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        item: #1766 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2970
      author: Howe, Justine
       title: Peaceful Families: American Muslim Efforts Against Domestic Violence (by Juliane Hammer)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1479
      flesch: 43
     summary: What follows from this approach is a revealing portrait of the vital work of Muslim DV advocates and organizations. These feminist commitments sometimes sit in tension with the approaches of DV advocates and religious author- ities such as imams.
    keywords: advocates; muslim
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        item: #1767 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2971
      author: Morgan, Daniel 
       title: Islam and Asia: A History (by Chiara Formichi)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1979
      flesch: 50
     summary: The process of decolonization and the emergence of nation states led to new configurations of Islamic political thought. The first section shows how the Ottoman Empire sought to reverse its relative political weakness in relation to Europe through the dissemination of pan-Islamic messages in which it positioned itself as the orthodox Caliphate for the umma.
    keywords: asia; chapter; colonial; formichi; islam
       cache: ajiss-2971.pdf
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        item: #1768 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2977
      author: Lawrence, Bruce
       title: Qur’anic Stories: God, Revelation and the Audience (by Leyla Ozgur Alhassen)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1468
      flesch: 55
     summary: “Merging Words and Making Connections in Surat Taha”, like its sequel, Chapter Five, “Surat al-Qasas and its Audience,” foregrounds God “as an omniscient and reliable narrator 150  It is not clear that the muqaṭṭa`āt have the same explanatory power in other surahs, those that unfold Qur’anic stories about Mary and Moses in Chapters 3, 5, and 6.
    keywords: god; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-2977.pdf
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        item: #1769 of 2426
          id: ajiss-298
      author: Herman, Lyndall
       title: Hamas: The New Establishment?
        date: 2013.0
       words: 6660
      flesch: 50
     summary: Mishal and Sela, Palestinian Hamas, 38. Mishal and Sela, Palestinian Hamas, 133-35. 52.
    keywords: brotherhood; establishment; gaza; hamas; islamic; leadership; movement; new; palestinian; plo; yasin
       cache: ajiss-298.pdf
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        item: #1770 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2982
      author: Mavani, Hamid
       title: Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition: Ethics, Law, and the Muslim Discourse on gender by Ayesha S. Chaudhry (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 258 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1577
      flesch: 44
     summary: The first part exam- ines pre-colonial exegetes and jurists’ understanding of the Q. 4:34 by relying on Arabic sources, and the second explores post-colonial scholars who have written in Arabic, Urdu, and English. The author appears to be overly optimistic and surmises that pre-colonial methodologies have a built-in elasticity to make room for creative and novel interpretations (p.74).
    keywords: chaudhry; verse; wife
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        item: #1771 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2985
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: In Your Face: Law, Justice, and Niqab-Wearing Women in Canada (by Natasha Bakht)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1719
      flesch: 63
     summary: A K H T Bakht’s previous work has shown deep insight into the topic of niqab in the West, with strong messages supporting the right of Muslim women to wear niqab and be included as full citizens in Western liberal democ- racies, while criticizing the numerous assumptions and objections that lead to niqab bans. O O K R E V i E W S  173 context—Sherene Razack’s contention that niqab bans are a call to Muslim women to yield to sexual and racial superiority rings true.
    keywords: bakht; face; niqab; women
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        item: #1772 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2987
      author: Beka, Rezart
       title: Maqāṣid and the Renewal of Islamic Legal Theory in ʿAbdullah Bin Bayyah’s Discourse
        date: 2022.0
       words: 17691
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the introduction of his treatise on maqāṣid, Ibn ‘Āshūr made the case for the establishment of the science of the objective of sharī‘a (‘ilm al-maqāṣid al-sharī‘a) as independent, in status, from Islamic legal theory.34 His approach towards maqāṣid has been endorsed by may centrist-revivalist scholars (e.g. al-Raysūnī), and constitutes the actual way in which maqāṣid are taught in many influential Islamic educa- tional institutions.35 Bin Bayyah rejects the idea that maqāṣid should be considered an independent source of law or conceived as a standalone methodology for rule derivation. (Cairo: Maktaba Wahba, 2010), 35-36; Fiqh al-islāmī bayna al-aṣāla wā al-tajdīd, 2nd edition (Cairo: Maktaba Wahba, 1999), 62-66; Madkhal lī al-Dirāsa al-Sharī‘a al-Islamiyya (Beirut: Muwassasa al-Risāla, 1993/1414), 263. 33
    keywords: analogy; bin bayyah; c l; d t; e g; e o; e r; e t; h e; islamic; ithārāt; l e; l t; law; legal; m e; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; n d; r n; renewal; role; theory; wa l
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        item: #1773 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2988
      author: Al Daghistani, Sami
       title: Beyond Maṣlaḥah: Adab and Islamic Economic Thought
        date: 2023.0
       words: 12465
      flesch: 54
     summary: Moreover, in Kitāb al-Waṣāyā al-Naṣāʾiḥ al-Dīniyya,70 al-Muḥāsibī examines the impact deeds have on the soul and the so-called Islamic psychology (ʿilm al-nafs al-islāmī), paying a considerate attention to wealth. Michael Bonner, “The Kitab al-Kasb attributed to al-Shaybani,” 418. 67 See Adi Setia, Kitāb al-Makāsib (The Book of Earnings) by al-Hārith al-Muḥāsibī (751-857 C.E.)
    keywords: adab; adab al; behavior; ghazālī; god; human; ibn; islamic; iḥyā; kasb; law; maṣlaḥah; n d; scholars; self; thought; vol; wealth; zuhd
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        item: #1774 of 2426
          id: ajiss-299
      author: Altınbaş, Nihan
       title: Honor-related Violence in the Context of Patriarchy, Multicultural Politics, and Islamophobia after 9/11
        date: 2013.0
       words: 7869
      flesch: 48
     summary: There are similar patterns of family honor in Latin American and Mediter- ranean societies, among Kurds and Bedouins of the Middle East, within various Indian castes, and in China.13 Instances of honor-related violence have been observed among Muslims, Christians, Jews, Yezidis, Druze, Sikhs, and Hindus,14 as well as among people not professing any religion.15 More specif- ically, historical and legal documents point to the fact that this type of violence is seen in Israel,16 Russia,17 Mexico, Brazil,18 Ecuador and China,19 Italy,20 Spain,21 Greece,22 Bulgaria,23 Macedonia,24 Slovenia,25 Egypt and Kenya,26 Jordan,27 Central Asia and India. The image of “the white man as the saviour of brown/local woman” is reproduced through the media: In the twenty-first century, the western man has become the savior of Muslim women from the burden of traditions and honor-related violence.106 Additionally, the accompanying media campaign played a key role in ensuring the rhetoric of the violations of women’s rights and honor-related violence to legitimize the invasion.107 Patriarchy affects fundamentalist interpretations of the Bible, the Torah, and the Qur’an.
    keywords: ajiss303; crimes; culture; europe; family; hasan_ajiss; honor; islam; media; murder; muslim; page; patriarchy; rights; shame; societies; violence; women
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        item: #1775 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2990
      author: Soufi, Youcef L
       title: Before Maqāṣid: Uncovering the Vision of Contested Benefits (maṣāliḥ) in the Classical Shafiʿi School
        date: 2022.0
       words: 13905
      flesch: 61
     summary: Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi (d. 450/1058), al-Tabari’s contem- porary, writes in al-Ḥāwī al-kabīr that were a person prohibited from praying on a mount it would lead to one of two unfavorable outcomes: either an abandonment of prayer, which would negatively affect their devotion to God, or an abandonment of their travel, which would impact their worldly prosperity.67 Similarly, al-Shirazi, who was al-Tabari’s star student, states that the function of the permission to pray away from the qibla is to permit people to travel (lā yanqati‘ al-nās ‘an al-sayr).68 Later, al-Shirazi notes that the dispensation also allows people to fulfill righteous deeds (ḥattā lā yanqaṭi‘ ‘an al-ṣalat fī al-safar). 65 Abu al-Tayyib al-Tabari, al-Ta‘liqa al-Kubra fī al-Furū‘: Min Bāb mā Yufsid al-Mā’
    keywords: abu; benefit; f o; fiqh; god; guardianship; human; islamic; jurists; juwayni; law; maqāṣid; marriage; o r; shafi‘i; shirazi; theory; uṣūl
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        item: #1776 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2991
      author: Goshey, Emily
       title: No Scholars in the West: Salafi Networks of Knowledge from Saudi Arabia to Philadelphia
        date: 2022.0
       words: 11680
      flesch: 57
     summary: For instance, instead of citing the published books of Salafi scholars, I have preferred to cite YouTube videos that contain English translations of their recorded lectures. A steady stream of students has gone, studied with leading Salafi scholars in the heart of the Muslim world, and returned home to promulgate Salafi teachings and lead their communities.
    keywords: e r; e t; h e; h o; islamic; knowledge; n t; o l; o s; philadelphia; r n; s h; salafi; saudi; scholars
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        item: #1777 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2992
      author: Lucas, Scott
       title: Carrying on the Tradition: A Social and Intellectual History of Hadith Transmission across a Thousand Years (by Garrett A. Davidson)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 2666
      flesch: 50
     summary: Through detailed analysis of a breath-taking range of hadith books and documentary sources, it identifies key features of hadith transmission that emerged during approximately the fourth/tenth century and were sustained in the Middle East and North Africa until the tenth/sixteenth century. This transformation of the role of the chain of transmission had profound consequences on hadith transmission and, as Davidson demonstrates, has led many Western Islamicists to draw erroneous conclusions about hadith scholarship during this period.
    keywords: chains; davidson; hadith; transmission
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        item: #1778 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2993
      author: Aly Wahb, Yousef
       title: Competing Authorities: Islamic Family Law and Quasi-Judicial Proceedings in North America
        date: 2023.0
       words: 9285
      flesch: 47
     summary: For the distinct requirements by each Sunni school, see al-Mawsūʿah al-fiqhiyyah; Ghulam Murtaza Azad, “Qualifications of a Qāḍī,” Islamic Studies 23, no. 3 (1984): 249. However, al-Khaṭīb al-Shirbīnī (d. 977/1570) rendered Ibn ʿAbd al-Salām’s opinion inaccurate.
    keywords: authority; c o; divorce; e t; family; ibn; islamic; law; marriage; muslim; o r
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        item: #1779 of 2426
          id: ajiss-2996
      author: Mugler, Joshua
       title: Christian Monastic Life in Early Islam (by Bradley Bowman)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1434
      flesch: 42
     summary: For Bowman, Donner’s theory can explain much of the positive attitude toward monks that can be seen among early Muslims, indicating not only that early Muslims tolerated the existence of monks in their territory, but that many early Muslims saw monastic practice as legitimate and inspirational, whether or not these Muslims actively par- ticipated at times in the life of the monasteries. Each of these sources provides evidence that many early Muslims had great respect for the ascetic and devotional practices of the monks whom they encountered in the lands of the caliphate.
    keywords: bowman; christian; muslims
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        item: #1780 of 2426
          id: ajiss-30
      author: ojsadmin
       title: American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences: Volume 31 Fall 2014 Number 4
        date: 2017.0
       words: 9391
      flesch: 48
     summary: 4. Such as al-Raghib al-Isfahani, Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān (Beirut: Dar al- Maʻrifah, 1961). This Issue We open this issue with Malik Badri’s “Cognitive Systematic Desensitization: An Innovative Therapeutic Technique with Special Reference to Muslim Pa- tients,” in which he discusses his innovative alterations, his Islamization of Wolpe’s systematic desensitization therapy, and how he applied them in 1965 to treat a Moroccan patient.
    keywords: ajiss31; anxiety; behavior; desensitization; god; hierarchy; ibn; islamic; jawzi; journal; muslim; page; patients; social; technique; therapy; time; women
       cache: ajiss-30.pdf
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        item: #1781 of 2426
          id: ajiss-300
      author: Rahath, Yousef; Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Contemporary Islamic Educational Discourse and the Philosophy of Empowerment
        date: 2013.0
       words: 8134
      flesch: 43
     summary: A spe- cialist in the philosophical and sociological foundations of Islamic education, she has been involved in the teaching of philosophy for children in schools (the Hikmah Project) and in producing more appropriate materials. For instance, Yedullah Kazmi notes that the obvious link between educationists of critical pedagogy and those interested in Islamic education is their common commitment to social justice and con- comitant interest in empowering students to subject the world to critical ex- amination to make it more just.
    keywords: ajiss303; contemporary; education; empowerment; hasan_ajiss; human; islamic; knowledge; muslim; people; social; society; world
       cache: ajiss-300.pdf
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        item: #1782 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3000
      author: Kiliyamannil, Thahir Jamal
       title: Developing an Ethic of Justice: Maqāṣid Approaches in Maududi and Solidarity Youth Movement
        date: 2022.0
       words: 12197
      flesch: 53
     summary: For Maududi, the distinction between believers and non-believers is crucial and rights are distributed accordingly, especially in his proposal of Islamic state. Maududi’s proposal of a body of experts, rather than completely doing away with authority, has given an expanded scope for considering shūrā in Islamic movements as the newly evolved authority.
    keywords: e r; e t; human; india; islamic; justice; law; m e; maqāṣid; maududi; minorities; movements; muslim; n j; new; r n; rights; solidarity; state
       cache: ajiss-3000.pdf
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        item: #1783 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3002
      author: Murat, Talha
       title: Sufism in Ottoman Egypt Circulation Renewal and Authority in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (by Rachida Chih)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 900
      flesch: 52
     summary: She shows that the sainthood cult was highly embedded in the Prophetic heritage, as al-Hifnī’s hagiography constantly draws parallels between the paradigmatic life of the Prophet and al-Hifnī. Al-Azhar served as a significant meeting point for scholars both in the formation and function of this intellectual network, which was notable as al-Azhar was dominated both intellectually and administratively by scholars who were followers of the Khalwatiyya Sufi path.
    keywords: ottoman; sufi
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        item: #1784 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3004
      author: Houston, Sam
       title: Forging Ideal Muslim Subjects: Discursive Practices, Subject Formation, & Muslim Ethics (by Faraz Masood Sheikh)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 2260
      flesch: 43
     summary: Just as with ideal religious subjectivity, Sheikh states that for al-Muḥāsibī, one’s internal state is crucial for ideal moral subjectivity (63). Starting off, Sheikh states that his interest is in the nature and for- mation of “ideal Muslim subjectivity” through the lens of al-Muḥāsibī and Nursi (1).
    keywords: muḥāsibī; nursi; sheikh
       cache: ajiss-3004.pdf
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        item: #1785 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3007
      author: Qamar-ul Huda
       title: Islamic Reform Relating to Conflict and Peace
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1114
      flesch: 36
     summary: Moving from his theological, philo- sophical, and historical understanding of Islamic peacebuilding, Saritoprak showed vividly how nonviolent activism was grounded in Islamic tradition and how Nursi’s nonviolent strategies of “positive action” remain influential around the world. In responding to Kalin, Marcia Hermansen dis- cussed how Islamic metaphysics may represent an overly theoretical approach to peacemaking and argued that we need to focus more on practi- cal dimensions and develop the field of Islamic peacebuilding.
    keywords: conflict; peace; peacebuilding
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        item: #1786 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3009
      author: Storey, Ian; Barton, Greg
       title: Security Cooperation and Governance in Southeast Asia
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1124
      flesch: 46
     summary: • There is no clear evidence of global jihadi, such as the Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), activity. there. This needs to be remembered while analyzing current and future JI links with MILF factions.
    keywords: malay; security; southeast
       cache: ajiss-3009.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3009.txt

        item: #1787 of 2426
          id: ajiss-301
      author: Islam, Tazu
       title: The Genesis and Development of the Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān
        date: 2013.0
       words: 8922
      flesch: 58
     summary: Muhammad Husain al-Dhahabi, Al-Waḥy wa al-Qur’ān al-Karīm (Cairo: Mak- tab Wahbah, 1986), 39. Nancy Roberts (Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 2006), xxii; Ibn Ashur, Maqāṣid al- Sharī‘ah (Tunis: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah, 1946), 50. 32.
    keywords: ashur; exegesis; ghazali; god; ibn; islamic; maqāṣid al; muhammad; qur’an; qur’anic; qur’ān; scholars; sciences; tafsīr; understanding
       cache: ajiss-301.pdf
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        item: #1788 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3010
      author: DeLorenzo, Yusuf
       title: Genghis Khan's Effect on the Muslim World 
        date: 2006.0
       words: 1492
      flesch: 59
     summary: The third book, Justin Marozzi’s Tamerlane, takes the reader a century or two past the initial Mongol conquests to a repopulated and reconfigured world of Islam that witnessed the consequences of decades of infighting between the scattered factions of Mongols descended from Genghis Khan. In it, one finds a great deal about the Mongol style of administration, Mongol religion and culture, and how these factors contributed to cultural and other exchanges between the peoples living at the far-flung corners of the new empire.
    keywords: genghis; khan; mongol; world
       cache: ajiss-3010.pdf
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        item: #1789 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3011
      author: Mesamed, Vladimir
       title: The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era by Resul Yalcin (UK: Ithaca Press, 2002. 349 pages.)
        date: 2005.0
       words: 912
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, as Bogdan Szajkowski’s “Foreword” suggests, the author conducted his research with an acute and critical eye for facts and details (p. ix), which makes this book the first truly comprehensive study of contemporary Uzbekistan. The Rebirth of Uzbekistan: Politics, Economy, and Society in the Post-Soviet Era Resul Yalcin UK: Ithaca Press, 2002.
    keywords: party; soviet; uzbekistan
       cache: ajiss-3011.pdf
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        item: #1790 of 2426
          id: ajiss-302
      author: O’Brien, Peter
       title: Islamophobia, Euro-Islam, Islamism, and Post-Islamism: Changing Patterns of Secularism in Europe
        date: 2013.0
       words: 14963
      flesch: 46
     summary: Lévy quoted in Isabelle Rigoni, “Access to Media for European Muslims,” in European Islam: Challenges for Public Policy and Society, ed. Jørgen Nielsen (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 1:483; for Britain, Gest, Apart, 92; for elsewhere in Europe, Bernard Godard, “Official Recognition of Islam,” in Amghar, Boubekeur, and Emerson, European Islam, 183-203; and Sara Silvestri, “Public Policies towards Muslims and the Institutionalization of ‘Moderate Islam’ in Europe: Some Critical Reflections,” in Triandafyllidou, Muslims in 21st, 53 ; Laurence, Emancipation, 198-244. 117.
    keywords: ajiss303; american; britain; christian; european; france; hasan_ajiss; immigration; islam; islamic; islamism; islamists; islamophobia; journal; law; life; london; muslims; new; organizations; o’brien; page; pluralism; policy; politics; post; press; public; ramadan; religion; secularism; society; state; university; western; york
       cache: ajiss-302.pdf
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        item: #1791 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3024
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Toward Women-Friendly Mosques
        date: 2005.0
       words: 4043
      flesch: 58
     summary: Forum Toward Women-Friendly Mosques Louay Safi The Islamic Social Services Association and Women in Islam have released a guide underlining a set of principles rooted in Islamic sources that outlines the rights of Muslim women to have full access to the mosque, and calling on Muslim leaders to privilege Islamic principles and values over cultural habits and traditions. Eventually, many mosques designated a separate and secluded area for Muslim women.
    keywords: children; community; islamic; mosque; muslim; social; women
       cache: ajiss-3024.pdf
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        item: #1792 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3025
      author: Barlas, Asma
       title: The Excesses of Moderation: Colloquium on “‘Moderate’ Islam” University of Utah, Feb 21-22, 2004
        date: 2005.0
       words: 3304
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Excesses of Moderation Colloquium on “‘Moderate’ Islam” University of Utah, Feb 21-22, 2004 Asma Barlas I was persuaded to come out here at rather short notice by the promise of a dialogue on some of the issues professor Bernard Weiss has raised in his conceptually nuanced and politically canny essay on “moderate Islam. [that] moder- ate Islam [can] marshal” on its own behalf?2 Why not question the nature of Washington’s interest in “moderate Islam” and its attempts to enlist religion as an instrument of US foreign policy? Lastly, while it may be true, as professor Weiss says, that “How Muslims relate to each other is profoundly connected with how they relate to the West, and especially to the United States,” is it not equally true that how the US and the West relate to Muslims will determine their own future as well?
    keywords: islam; moderation; muslim; qur’an; state; weiss
       cache: ajiss-3025.pdf
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        item: #1793 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3026
      author: Siddiqui, Dilnawaz
       title: Fourth AMSS Regional Conference
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1069
      flesch: 42
     summary: The following chairs and guests were recognized: Imam Yusuf Zia Kavakci (Islamic Association of North Texas), Rev. Roy Harrel (vice presi- dent, Thanksgiving Square, Dallas), Robert Hant (professor, Southern Meth- odist University, Dallas), Rev. George Bithos (executive director, Texas Conference of Churches, Austin), Syed Ahsani (former ambassador of Pak- istan), Pastor Elias Morkos (Harvesters Community, Dallas), Daryl Schmidt (professor, Texas Christian University), Rabbi Robert Haas (Temple Shalom, Dallas), and Harry Reeder (professor, University of Texas, Arlington). The second session featured Ghulam Aasi (American Muslim College, Chicago); Carol Bargeron (Texas State University at San Marcos); and Nazeer Ahmad, a member of NASA’s Hubble Telescope scientific team.
    keywords: conference; islamic; muslim; texas; university
       cache: ajiss-3026.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3026.txt

        item: #1794 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3027
      author: Nadir, Aneesah
       title: Islamic Social Services: Challenges and Opportunities
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1309
      flesch: 41
     summary: Aneesah Nadir Assistant Professor, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Phoenix, Arizona President, Islamic Social Services Association–USA Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 171 Islamic Social Services: Challenges and Opportunities The Sixth Annual Conference of the Islamic Social Services Association (ISSA) was held June 17-19, 2005, at Arizona State University (ASU) and the Holiday Inn in Tempe, Arizona.
    keywords: arizona; community; conference; issa; muslim; social
       cache: ajiss-3027.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3027.txt

        item: #1795 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3028
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Muslims in the United States: Influence and Innovation
        date: 2005.0
       words: 2542
      flesch: 50
     summary: Muslims in the United States: Influence and Innovation This event, co-sponsored by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the International Institute of Islamic Thought on May 11, 2005, was convened to determine which American Muslim scholars are influential in the Muslim world. He mentioned that Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Khalid Abou El Fadl, and Hamza Yusof were the best-known American Muslim authors.
    keywords: american; democracy; islamic; muslim; nasr; pakistan; south
       cache: ajiss-3028.pdf
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        item: #1796 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3029
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: National Advisory Council on South Asian Affairs
        date: 2005.0
       words: 1066
      flesch: 56
     summary: National Advisory Council on South Asian Affairs On May 19-20, 2005, at the Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C., the National Advisory Council on South Asian Affairs (NACSAA) held its first bi-annual seminar to discuss democracy in South Asia. Ambassador Teresita Schaefer (Center for Strategic and International Studies) talked about Washington’s promotion of democracy in South Asia, noting that it has been fairly selective and not really a priority.
    keywords: democracy; pakistan; south
       cache: ajiss-3029.pdf
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        item: #1797 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3031
      author: Kalin, Ibrahim
       title: Islam and Civil Society: From the Paradigm of Compatibility to Critical Engagement
        date: 2003.0
       words: 251
      flesch: 42
     summary: The essays' overall tone is affirmative, for the apparent tension between Islamic politics and the universally accepted values of democra­ cy and civil society is reducible to historical and political factors rather than to an innate incompatibility between the two. This edited volume is a welcome addition to the growing literature of Islamic political ethics.
    keywords: islamic
       cache: ajiss-3031.pdf
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        item: #1798 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3033
      author: Karic, Enes
       title: The Arabic Cultural Influence on the Balkans: An Outline
        date: 2003.0
       words: 5675
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thousands of Arabic Words and Expressions When speaking of the Arabic cultural influence on the Balkans, then, one must begin with Arabic words. To this day we have thousands of Arabic words and terms relating to science, faith, literature, trade, housing, clothing, cosmetics, medicine, and cookery in the Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, and other lan- guages of the Balkan region.
    keywords: arabic; balkans; bosnian; croatian; cultural; ibn; influence; islamic; literature; poetry; qur’an; sarajevo; serbian; translation; words
       cache: ajiss-3033.pdf
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        item: #1799 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3034
      author: Zine, Jasmin
       title: Muslim Women and the Politics of Representation
        date: 2002.0
       words: 274
      flesch: 28
     summary: Abstract This paper examines the politics of knowledge production as it relates to Muslim women in western literary traditions and con­ temporary feminist writing, with a view to understanding the political, ideological, and economic mediations that have histor­ ically framed these representations. Contemporary feminist writing and popular culture have reproduced the colonial motifs of Muslim women, and these have regained currency in the aftermath of9/1 l. Drawing upon the work of Mohja Kahf, this paper begins by mapping the evolution of the Muslim woman archetype in western literary traditions.
    keywords: women
       cache: ajiss-3034.pdf
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        item: #1800 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3035
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Social Sciences in Crisis: A Dialogue with Professor Neil Smelser on the Future of Social Sciences
        date: 2002.0
       words: 300
      flesch: 62
     summary: Interview Social Sciences in Crisis: A Dialogue with Professor Neil Smelser on the Future of Social Sciences Professor Mahmoud Dhaouadi is a sociologist at the University of Tunis, Tunisia. Realistically, I think that sociology can probably be best compared with political science, in the sense that it is solidly established in the university system, so its organization is solid and its professional association is solid.
    keywords: sociology
       cache: ajiss-3035.pdf
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        item: #1801 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3039
      author: Malkawi, Fathi
       title: Vision of AJISS: Back to Basics
        date: 2000.0
       words: 990
      flesch: 46
     summary: Its task was to revive Islamic thought, providing a clear vision that in tum facilitates efforts on other fronts regarding not only the needs of Muslims, but also that of all humanity. Editorial vii Revival of Islamic thought might be a direct responsibility of the Muslim intellectual elite but the realization of this project demands the involvement of the whole Ummah.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; vision
       cache: ajiss-3039.pdf
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        item: #1802 of 2426
          id: ajiss-304
      author: Waghid, Yusef; Davids, Nuraan
       title: Combating Terrorism through an Education for Democratic Iteration
        date: 2013.0
       words: 8478
      flesch: 41
     summary: Her re- search areas include democratic citizenship education, cosmopolitanism, and Islamic education. rage. So if education means to know how to be, then what underscores the meanings of education in Islam, which, as we will argue, are distinctly differ- ent from Islamic education?
    keywords: compassion; education; ibid; islam; iteration; jihad; language; people; social; society; terrorism; violence; world
       cache: ajiss-304.pdf
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        item: #1803 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3041
      author: Langgulung, Hasan
       title: Educational Dualism in Malaysia: Implications for Theory and Practice by Rosnani Hashim, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1996, 204 pp.
        date: 1998.0
       words: 1083
      flesch: 50
     summary: If the book is reprinted a separate chapter comparing the colonial legacy and Islamic legacy should be added so that the excellent exposition of dualism in Malaysian education does not give the impression that it was an isolated phe- 136 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 15: I nomenon. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 trace the history of lhe educational systems in Malaysia, i.e., the traditional or Islamic educational system and the colonial education in the nineteenth century in the Straits Settlement followed by the establishment of vernacular education in the Malay states following the Pangkor Treaty of 1874.
    keywords: education; islamic; malaysia; philosophy
       cache: ajiss-3041.pdf
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        item: #1804 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3046
      author: Tastan, Osman
       title: Islamic Theology in the Turkish Republic (by Philip Dorroll)
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1564
      flesch: 39
     summary: In Chapter Two, Dorroll focuses mainly on the correlation between Turkish nationalism and Turkish theology, following on the previous chapter’s account of late Ottoman Islamic modernism. I P D O R R O L L The book under review offers an analysis of Islamic theology delin- eated broadly under the auspices of the Ottomans and the nation-state of Turkey, in past and present.
    keywords: dorroll; islamic; ottoman; theology
       cache: ajiss-3046.pdf
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        item: #1805 of 2426
          id: ajiss-305
      author: Hasan, Md. Mahmudul
       title: The Islamization of English Literary Studies: A Postcolonial Approach
        date: 2013.0
       words: 9298
      flesch: 47
     summary: Among all western disci- plines, English literature is arguably the most culturally charged and carries western value-laden ideas. Based on archival research, this paper sets out clearly the colonial genesis of English literature in order to establish an urgency to look at the subject Is- lamically as well as postcolonially.
    keywords: art; colonial; education; english; english literature; human; islamic; islamization; knowledge; life; literature; muslim; sake; scholars; social; studies; teachings; values
       cache: ajiss-305.pdf
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        item: #1806 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3055
      author: Din, Mehraj
       title: Rethinking the Prophethood of Muhammad in Christian Theology: Muhammad Reconsidered: A Christian Perspective on Islamic Prophecy (By Anna Bonta Moreland)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 6189
      flesch: 50
     summary: ”2 Anna Moreland’s recent book Muhammad Reconsidered: A Christian Perspective on Islamic Prophecy is a welcome step in this direction and joins an ever-growing body of literature devoted to the assessments of Muhammad’s function and identity in Christian theology. Moreland equally argues, if we turn back to Thomas, how a multi-layered understanding of Christian prophecy, such that what Muhammad heard and commu- nicated in seventh-century Arabia in principle could fall under the term “prophecy,” understood in its most expansive sense.28 And for our conver- sation to develop, Moreland argues for a dire need to move from apologia to analogia.
    keywords: christian; e s; islam; moreland; muhammad; prophecy; r e
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        item: #1807 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3057
      author: Choudhury, Mohammad A.
       title: Orientalism on Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Case of Arthur Jeffery 
        date: 1995.0
       words: 6431
      flesch: 71
     summary: Anis, Ft al Lahajiit al 'Arahiyah. 117; Sub}:ii al SaliQ, Diriisiit fl Fiqh al Lughah (Beirut: 1978), 300. 53. ' To understand the extent and role of various Arabic dialects as regards the various reading styles without going into dialectal details, it is impor­ tant to point out that it is generally accepted that the Qur'an was revealed in the common Arabic (al lughah al 'Arahzyah al mushtarakah), a lan­ guage understood throughout the peninsula and used by poets and orators as a medium of communication.47 As this common Arabic, which was the vehicle for Qur'anic expression, had a vivid impress of the Quraysh-1 dialect on it, it is generally assumed that the Qur'an was revealed in that particular dialect.
    keywords: a.h; codices; ibid; ibn; jeffery; lbn; materials; prophet; qur'an; readings; recension; text; variant
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        item: #1808 of 2426
          id: ajiss-306
      author: Seif-Amirhosseini, Zahra
       title: A Critical Reassessment of Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis
        date: 2013.0
       words: 14964
      flesch: 44
     summary: Both camps differ markedly in their understanding of the future of liberal democracy and of western civilization in general. For him, liberal democracy as developed in the cradle of western civilization is a universally acceptable concept and one that the world is now moving to embrace in a fun- damental way.
    keywords: american; civilizations; clash; culture; development; dialogue; history; huntington; islamic; modernization; movements; religion; social; states; terms; thesis; western; world
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        item: #1809 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3068
      author: Khan, Kamran Ahmad
       title: The Qur’an in South Asia: Hermeneutics, Qur’an Projects, and Imaginings of Islamic Tradition in British India (by Kamran Bashir)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1878
      flesch: 57
     summary: Bashir suggests that Sayyid Khān did not present his view completely detached from Islamic tradition. The fourth chapter explores thoughts and ideas which, in the wake of European influence in South Asia and the findings of modern science, called for questioning the methodology of exegetical tradition and Kalām.
    keywords: bashir; qur’an; tradition
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        item: #1810 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3069
      author: Padela, Aasim
       title: Maqāṣidī Models for an “Islamic” Medical Ethics: Problem-Solving or Confusing at the Bedside?
        date: 2022.0
       words: 17328
      flesch: 43
     summary: 39 Saifuddeen et al., “Maqasid al-shariah as a Complementary Framework to Conventional Bioethics.” 40 Ibrahim et al., “Maqasid al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics.” 41 Saifuddeen et al., “Maqasid al-Shariah as a Complementary Framework to Conventional Bioethics”; Ibrahim, Rahman, and Saifuddeen, “Maqasid al-Shariah as a Complementary Framework for Conventional Bioethics.” Illustratively, the father-figure of the science of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, Abū Ishāq al-Shāṭibī, identified five essential, ḍarūrī, higher objectives: the preservation of religion (dīn), human life (nafs), progeny (naṣl), material wealth (māl), and intellect (ʿaql).12 Once identified, a catalog of higher objectives may be used in var- ious ways.
    keywords: bioethics; brain; c s; d e; death; e l; e r; e t; ethics; human; islamic; life; m e; m o; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; medical; o r; preservation; r n
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        item: #1811 of 2426
          id: ajiss-307
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Humanity as Homo Culturus
        date: 2013.0
       words: 10999
      flesch: 51
     summary: Two arguments stand in favor of this: (1) no other living species possess the HS set and thus are deprived of the quality of the human mind, and (2) this set’s impact on making the human mind can be illustrated by the three types of human minds: illiterate, educated, and highly intellectual minds, as we will see below. Reminding human beings that no matter how much knowledge they re- quire, human knowledge will always be very limited when compared with God’s unlimited and perfect knowledge.
    keywords: culture; culturus; homo; human; humanity; ibn; islamic; khaldun; knowledge; mind; muslim; nature; sciences; scientists; social; sociology
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        item: #1812 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3071
      author: He, Martin Jiajun
       title: Representing Islam: Hip-Hop of the September 11 Generation (by Kamaludeen Mohamed Nasir): Indiana University Press, 2020. xii+206 pages.
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1746
      flesch: 22
     summary: Through a critical engagement of empirical data of Muslim hip-hop artists’ articulation and discourses, analysis of the historical circum- stances and social experiences shared by Muslims around the world in the post-September 11 era, and some pertinent sociological perspec- tives including identity authenticity (as in Chapter 2), social movements and solidarities (Chapter 3), performativity and management of body (Chapter 4), and governmentality and multiculturalism (Chapter 5), Nasir productively demonstrates and argues for the opposite position: that this edgy space intersecting religiosity and pop culture is precisely one of the most discursively dynamic and far-reaching realms of Islam and one of the most fruitful grounds for studying Islamic culture in our time. More specifically, as indicated in Representing Islam, there can be multiple types of markers for conceptualizing a “generation”, e.g. age group, parental and personal migration background, and major his- torical events.
    keywords: islam
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        item: #1813 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3075
      author: Hashim Abubakar, Ismail
       title: The Discourse of the ʿUlamā’ on the Boko Haram Phenomenon in Northern Nigeria: An Appraisal of the Debate between ʿIsa ʿAli Pantami and Muhammad Yusuf, the leader of Boko Haram
        date: 2025.0
       words: 8125
      flesch: 54
     summary: This is then followed by a short discussion of Boko Haram group and its emergence. Moreover, the failure to juxtapose Boko Haram ideas and views against the thoughts of the khawārij explains why many attempts to find an angle to locate Boko Haram’s ideological violence within Sunni Islam end up in very murky conceptual waters.
    keywords: boko; boko haram; debate; education; group; haram; islam; islamic; muhammad; muslims; nigeria; pantami; phase; scholars; state; yusuf
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        item: #1814 of 2426
          id: ajiss-308
      author: Rafudeen, Auwais
       title: Asad on the Secular: Implications for South Africa’s Muslim Marriages Bill Debate
        date: 2013.0
       words: 9031
      flesch: 50
     summary: According to da Costa, the unacceptability of abuse (similarly defined) from both the perspective of secular human rights and the Shari‘ah, is an ar- gument for looking to the wider interconnections demanded by habitus: the relationship among law, orientation, texture, and ontology. Asad on the Secular 9 ajiss301-latest_ajiss 12/10/2012 6:55 PM Page 9 In the contemporary era, Asad argues, the “state has the power to use human rights discourse to coerce its own citizens – just as colonial rulers had the power to use it against their own subjects.
    keywords: asad; bill; constitution; debate; human; law; marriages; mmb; muslim; rights; secular; shari‘ah; south; state
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        item: #1815 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3085
      author: Khan, Tabinda Mahfooz
       title: Challenges with Studying Islamist Groups in American Political Science
        date: 2023.0
       words: 12035
      flesch: 43
     summary: 119 While Euben and Zaman consulted a wide range of texts by Mawdudi that span his entire career and lifetime, the text chosen for inclusion in their edited reader of Islamic political thought is Mawdudi’s “The Islamic Law”, which is a theoretical justification rather than a commentary on the specific features of institutional design.21 Classes on Islamic polit- ical thought are a welcome addition to the north American political science curriculum, to be sure, but given the general preoccupation of political theory with texts rather than arguments during the course of political struggle, only studying seminal Islamist texts by Mawdudi and Qutb could lead people to draw dangerous conclusions about Islamist participation in democracy.22 I will briefly explain how Mawdudi’s ideas changed, in reaction to his political environment and to debates with the ulama and others, in order to illustrate how a focus on texts (as opposed to action, or to texts-interpreted-during-action) can be misleading. Many such critiques of Rawlsian liberalism, however, were structured as a defense of religion in public deliberation rather than as a considered analysis of how religious debates actually worked in Muslim politics (Nathan Brown’s Arguing Islam is a welcome exception to this trend).17 A notable dissenting work in political theory is Lucas Swaine’s The Liberal Conscience, in which he argues that the only plausible way to per- suade theocrats—that is, groups that regard the enforcement of religious law as obligatory—of the merits of liberal institutions is to construct an argument based on the freedom of conscience.18 Swaine argues that lib- erals, to be true to the liberal principle of non-coercion, must formulate arguments in favor of liberal political institutions that theocrats could accept from the perspective of their own moral framework.
    keywords: e s; e t; g e; h s; islamic; l e; l l; law; muslim; politics; r n; s t; t g; theory
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        item: #1816 of 2426
          id: ajiss-309
      author: Zakariyah, Luqman
       title: Textuality as a Linguistic Mechanism for Codifiying Legal Maxims in Islamic Criminal Law
        date: 2013.0
       words: 10963
      flesch: 57
     summary: In his effort to articulate that the verse’s struc- tural elements are cohesive and comply with cooperative rules of utterance, he states: Fa in qāla qā’il: afarḍ ‘alā waliyyī al-qatīl al-qiṣāṣ min qāti waliyyihi? (Q. 2:178-80) Based on this verse alone, the following legal maxim could be codified: “al-aṣl fī al-qiṣāṣ al-musāwāt” (The foundation of qi§ā§ is based on equal- ity).
    keywords: ajiss301; beirut; criminal; dar; dar al; hadith; ibid; ibn; islamic; latest_ajiss; law; maxims; muhammad; muslim; page; punishment; qur’an; qur’anic; texts; textuality; verse
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        item: #1817 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3090
      author: Hashim Abubakar, Ismail
       title: Islamic Thought in Africa: The Collected Works of Afa Ajura (1910-2004) and the Impact of Ajuraism on Northern Ghana (by Alhaji Yusuf Salihu Ajura, translated by Zakyi Ibrahim): New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021. 248 pages
        date: 2022.0
       words: 4339
      flesch: 54
     summary: Ibrahim then proceeds to highlight Ajura’s early life and knowledge acquisition, pointing out some of the places in and outside Tamale where Afa Ajura wandered to meet scholars and study various Islamic sciences. Afa Ajura made a lot of money through the clients who patronized his services.
    keywords: afa; afa ajura; ajura; e s; poem; tijjānīyah
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        item: #1818 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3094
      author: Betania Kartika
       title: Shariah and the Halal Industry: (by Mohammad Hashim Kamali)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 2349
      flesch: 52
     summary: Halal finance is a natural extension of halal food and lifestyle, as they both stick to halal principles. Halal is an Islamic value and principle, which suggests that Muslim- majority countries should take the lead in halal industry research and 156 
    keywords: halal; industry; shariah
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        item: #1819 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3100
      author: Alkatiri, Wardah
       title: How about a Green Caliphate? Global Islamic Environmental Governance for Devout Muslim Communities
        date: 2023.0
       words: 18859
      flesch: 55
     summary: Capitalist (development ideology) Humans as earth- bound creatures 2 Nationalism (nation- centrism) Compatriot (countryman) (nation-state) Capitalist (development ideology) Humans as earth- bound creatures 3 Islam (theo-centrism) Muhammad’s nation (global world) References to the transcribed speeches of the Global South leaders are in endnotes 9-11.
    keywords: alkatiri; caliphate; change; climate; communities; countries; development; e t; environmental; g r; global; governance; green; human; islamic; l k; m e; muslim; n j; new; people; r e; r n; social; society; south; state; u r; u t; world
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        item: #1820 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3109
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial Note: Special Issue: Theory and Uses of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1461
      flesch: 47
     summary: Starting with the familiar history of the maqāṣid (wise purposes or objectives) of Islamic law, Dr. Kamali laments the prolonged marginaliza- tion of maqāṣid by the premodern uṣūl al-fiqh and hails the recent revival of the discourse in the latter part of the twentieth century. Assuming that preservation of wealth is a valid purpose (whose wealth, maqāṣid discourse does not tell us), someone simply refusing to pay one’s loans or other dues to non-Muslims would fulfil this purpose in 4  A M E R i C A N J O U R
    keywords: discourse; law; maqāṣid
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        item: #1821 of 2426
          id: ajiss-311
      author: Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Alam, Md. Mahmudul
       title: A Third Sector-Led Economic Model: Scopes of Islamic Entrepreneurship
        date: 2013.0
       words: 7734
      flesch: 39
     summary: Cooperatives and social enterprises are the two main movements of third sector economics. Therefore, it needs to expand its conceptual base, domain of operations, and types of enterprises and objectives, it should ex- pand beyond cooperatives and social businesses to for-profit businesses to inject its provisions for social justice into the economic mainstream.
    keywords: ajiss301; business; community; development; economics; economy; enterprises; entrepreneurship; islamic; market; model; new; profit; sector; social; wealth
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        item: #1822 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3110
      author: Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
       title: History and Jurisprudence of the Maqāṣid: A Critical Appraisal
        date: 2022.0
       words: 11028
      flesch: 58
     summary: Shaykh ‘Abd Allah Diraz (Cairo: al-Maktabah al-Tijariyyah al-Kubra, n.d.), 2:393. 5 Cf., Mazin Muwaffaq Hashim, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: Madkhal ‘Umrānī (Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014/1435), 91. 6 Cf., Hasan Jabir, al-Maqāṣid al-Kulliyyah fi ḍaw’ Qirā’ah al-Manẓūmiyyah li’l-Qur’ān al-Karīm (Beirut: Dar al-Hiwar, 2011), 107; Hashim, Maqāṣid: Madkhal ‘Umrani, 108-109.
    keywords: c e; e n; e r; fiqh; m e; maqāṣid; maqāṣid al; n c; r n; sharī‘a; u r
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        item: #1823 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3111
      author: Ahmad, Imad-ad-Dean
       title: AbdulHamid Ahmad AbuSulayman’s Legacy of Intellectual Reform
        date: 2022.0
       words: 4663
      flesch: 54
     summary: 5. See also A. AbuSulayman, “Contemporary Islamic Presentational Approach: Distortions, Confusions and Superficialization,” https://www.academia. edu/33838954/Contemporary_Islamic_Presentational_Approach_Distortions_ Confusions_and_Superficialization. 44 A. AbuSulayman, “Culture, Science, and Technology: How To Respond to Contemporary Challenges,” AJISS 19, no. 3 (2002): 79-89.
    keywords: abusulayman; ibid; islamic; l l; muslim; u l
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        item: #1824 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3116
      author: Laher, Suheil
       title: Salafīsm and Traditionalism: Scholarly Authority in Modern Islam (by Emad Hamdeh): Cambridge University Press, 2021, 256 pages
        date: 2022.0
       words: 5236
      flesch: 53
     summary: Chapter 7 discusses Albānī’s hadith criticism, and the response of his adversaries, and then closes with an evaluation of Albānī impact on contemporary hadith studies. The confrontational picture that Hamdeh paints of Albānī is ameliorated by some humanizing anecdotes which show another side to this polarizing figure: Albānī’s refusal to excommunicate Sayyid Qutb, despite being pressed to do so by one of his followers, and Albānī’s telling students to refrain from haranguing Habīb al-Raḥmān al-Aʿẓamī because of his age and illness.
    keywords: albānī; chapter; e s; hadith; hamdeh; purist; s s; salafīs; traditionalists
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        item: #1825 of 2426
          id: ajiss-312
      author: Chak, Farhan Mujahid
       title: Critiquing the Modern Western Theory of Knowledge and Insights into a Qur’anic Epistemology
        date: 2012.0
       words: 9257
      flesch: 55
     summary: While acknowledging their fallibility, they still seek true knowledge without commenting on whether such knowledge exists because only human beings are capable of the kinds of cognition required to build an airplane … to write Hamlet or com- pose a symphony … how is it that we are able to engage in such sophisti- cated thought and arrive at the capacious knowledge that we use to direct both our everyday activities and our momentous achievements like flying to the moon?25 This perplexing paradox, along with being non-committal as to whether knowl- edge is possible leads, at best, to the attainment of knowledge being plausible. To put this in perspective, the development of the modern western theory of knowledge is, principally, the unseemly consequence of the eighteenth- century Age of Enlightenment, in which the quest to achieve true knowledge replaced God with science.5 This new deity also had a sole offspring: the 2 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29:4 ajiss294_ajiss 8/14/2012 12:42 PM
    keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; belief; certainty; epistemology; god; human; islamic; knowing; knowledge; qur’an; theory; truth
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        item: #1826 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3121
      author: Dugan, Max
       title: Miracles and Material Life: Rice, Ore, Traps and Guns in Islamic Malaya (by Teren Sevea): Cambridge University Press, 2020. 290 pages.
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1520
      flesch: 48
     summary: O O K R E V i E W S  185 to the role of pawangs in mining operations in Malaya, unpacking the importance of Islamic miracle working for mineral extraction and colo- nialism. Sevea brilliantly describes the gendered performances of Islamic miracle workers and their fellow laborers, with especially fasci- nating accounts of the religious economy of gendered labor.
    keywords: islamic; labor; material; sevea
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        item: #1827 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3122
      author: Cebeci, Ali
       title: Arabic Conquests and Early Islamic Historiography: The Futuh al-Buldan of al-Baladhuri (by Ryan Lynch): I . B . Tauris, 2020. 272 pages.
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1469
      flesch: 51
     summary: Given the prominent role of Futūḥ in the field of early Islamic history, his book will likely become a key reference for newcomers and experts alike. Lynch also identi- fies Balādhurī’s most commonly used sources, which includes famous scholars like Ibn Sa‘d as well as relatively understudied figures like Abū ‘Ubayd al-Qāsim b. Sallām, bringing a greater appreciation to the latter’s role in early Islamic historiography.
    keywords: balādhurī; futūḥ; lynch
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        item: #1828 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3123
      author: Ahmad Rufai, Saheed
       title: Islamic Law and Ethics: (by David R. Vishanoff, Ed.)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 3005
      flesch: 50
     summary: While the author’s attempt at a critical engagement with this aspect of the text of al-Waraqāt is applauded, it should be noted that a care- ful look at the text in question in its original Arabic version reveals that the question of ambiguity does not arise, as the reference to “Uṣūl al-Fiqh” could not have been to do with anything other than the sub- ject or discipline of Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Indeed, it is only described as Kitāb in two instances, namely where reference is made to its commentary, as is the case in Kitāb Sharh al-Waraqāt, or where Matn is preceded by the word, Kitāb as is the case B
    keywords: author; chapter; islamic; law
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        item: #1829 of 2426
          id: ajiss-313
      author: Ahmed, Habib
       title: The Islamization of Economies and Knowledge: A New Institutional Economics Perspective
        date: 2012.0
       words: 10147
      flesch: 41
     summary: Establishing an Islamic economic structure would require reorienting an Islamic society’s culture via the creation of new Islamic knowledge that can build appropriate institutions, organizations, and transactions. While the basic principles or doctrines of Islamic knowledge are given in the Qur’an and Sunnah, which together constitute the Shari‘ah, these principles are inter- preted to suit circumstances in various times and places through the process of ijtihŒd.
    keywords: ajiss294_ajiss; change; economic; economies; institutions; islamic; knowledge; law; laws; legal; level; muslim; new; north; organizations; social; society; structure
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        item: #1830 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3132
      author: Amasha, Muhammad
       title: Rivals in the Gulf: Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Abdullah Bin Bayyah, and the Qatar-UAE Contest Over the Arab Spring and the Gulf Crisis (by David H. Warren)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1567
      flesch: 48
     summary: While al-Qaradawi responds to the modern threat of the ʿulamaʾ’s authority by cultivating an independent image, Bin Bayyah seeks the state’s intervention to institute this authority. Unlike al-Qaradawi, who spent most of his life in Qatar, understanding Bin Bayyah requires us to go beyond his recent context in the UAE to earlier contexts like Saudi Arabia and Mauritania.
    keywords: qaradawi; qatar
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        item: #1831 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3135
      author: Muhammad Saekul Mujahidin
       title: Extremism and Islamophobia Against the Muslim Minority in Sri Lanka
        date: 2023.0
       words: 10057
      flesch: 50
     summary: 10 Mohamed Anifa Mohamed Fowsar, “Muslim Minority in Post-War Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Aluthgama and Digana Violences”, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9:6 (2020): 59, https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0111 11 Mohamed Imtiyaz Abdul Razak and Amjad Mohamed-Saleem, “Muslims in Post- War Sri Lanka: Understanding Sinhala-Buddhist Mobilization Against Them”, Asian Ethnicity 16:2 (2015): 194, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1003691 12 Rohan Gunaratna, “Sinhala-Muslim Riots in Sri Lanka: The Need for Restoring Communal History”, A Journal of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terorism Research (ICPVTR) 10:4 (2018): 2. 13 Athambawa Sarjoon, Mohammad Agus Yusoff and Nordin Hussin “Anti-Muslim Sentiments and Violence: A Major Threat to Ethnic Reconciliation and Ethnic Harmony in Post-War Sri Lanka”, Religions 7:10 (2016): 6, https://doi.org/10.3390/ rel7100125 F O R U M  235 14 D. B. S Jayaraj, “Sinhala Ministers Nawinna and Herath Oppose Bodhu Bala Sena (BBS) Racism in Wariyapola and Kurunegala”. pdf 18 Mohamed Imtiyaz Abdul Razak and Amjad Mohamed-Saleem, “Muslims in Post- War Sri Lanka: Understanding Sinhala-Buddhist Mobilization Against Them”, Asian Ethnicity 16:2 (2015): 194, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1003691 19 Mohammad Agus Yusoff and Athambawa Sarjoon, “Post-War Religious Violence, Counter-State Response and Religious Harmony in Sri Lanka”, Journal of Educational and Social Research 9:3 (2019): 216, https://doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2019-0039 20 Ahamed Sarjoon Razick dkk, “Post-War Tension Between the Buddhists and the Muslims in Sri Lanka”, Research on Humanities and Social Sciences 5:10 (2015): 189.
    keywords: ban; bbs; burqa; covid-19; government; international; journal; lankan; mosque; muslim; r n; rights; sinhalese; social; sri lanka; violence; war; world
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        item: #1832 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3138
      author: Iqbal, Basit Kareem
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 2022.0
       words: 434
      flesch: 42
     summary: Rather than relying on old typologies about political Islam or secularized activists, he considers the Solidarity Youth Movement to articulate an Islamic ethic of justice inspired by Abul A’la Maududi. Goshey tracks the dynamics of scholarship and community leadership based on fieldwork with African American Salafi affiliate communities in Philadelphia.
    keywords: article; islam
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        item: #1833 of 2426
          id: ajiss-314
      author: Kaifi, Belal A.; Mujtaba, Bahaudin G.
       title: Awareness of Islam in the Post-9/11 American Workplace: A Study of Educational Instructors’ Comprehension
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6386
      flesch: 55
     summary: Barrett, American Islam, 6. 16. Interestingly, less than 3% answered correctly, indicating that in Islam paradise lies at the feet of each individual’s mother (viz., men must respect their mothers and women highly if they want to have a chance at en- tering heaven) and that Muslims pray five times a day.
    keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; american; diversity; education; instructors; islam; knowledge; management; muslims; religions; students
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        item: #1834 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3142
      author: Rothman, Abdallah; Ahmed, Alisha; Awaad, Rania
       title: The Contributions and Impact of Malik Badri: Father of Modern Islamic Psychology
        date: 2022.0
       words: 7503
      flesch: 41
     summary: Professor Malik Badri was the first psychologist to receive international attention for speaking out against the blind following of the secular par- adigm of psychology among Muslim academics and scientists. Conclusion Professor Malik Badri was the catalyst for the global development of the field of Islamic Psychology.
    keywords: article; badri; book; contributions; field; impact; islamic; journal; malik; muslim; psychology
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        item: #1835 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3143
      author: Fatoohi, Louay
       title: The Non-Crucifixion Verse: A Historical, Contextual, and Linguistic Analysis
        date: 2023.0
       words: 15306
      flesch: 65
     summary: Limited, n.d.), 25. 23 William D. Edwards, Wesley J. Gabel, and Floyd E. Hosmer, “On the physical death of Jesus Christ”, The Journal of the American Medical Association 255 (1986), no. 11. 24 A. R. Dard, Life of Ahmad: Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement (Surrey: Islam International Publications, 2008), 50. 25 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Jesus in India: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth (New York: HarperOne, 2012), 165-167; Emil Schürer, The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135), vol. II, ed.
    keywords: 4:157; c r; christian; claim; crucifixion; e r; god; jesus; jews; muslim; n j; new; o h; qur’an; r n; r s; verse
       cache: ajiss-3143.pdf
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        item: #1836 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3146
      author: Sadriu, Behar
       title: Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison (by Ahmet Kuru)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 13691
      flesch: 55
     summary: More recently, its arguments featured in a widely reported op-ed penned by former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair in the wake of the Taliban recon- quest of Afghanistan, where he characteristically decries ‘Islamism’ as “a first-order security threat to the west”.1 The book itself takes a long-durée approach to questions about Islam’s place in the development of Muslim states and society, especially in the contemporary post-WW2 period. Therefore, we can say that Kuru’s argument is really one which positions Islam itself as having failed to aid Muslim majority states today in keeping up with standards Kuru has set up.
    keywords: e s; global; international; islam; islamic; kuru; m e; muslim; narrative; r e; r n; s s; state; studies; ulema; violence; war; western; world
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        item: #1837 of 2426
          id: ajiss-315
      author: El-Affendi, Abdelwahab
       title: The Souls of Muslim Folk: The “Obama Phenomenon” and the Paradoxes of Paranoid anti-Multiculturalism
        date: 2012.0
       words: 10791
      flesch: 48
     summary: Whenever Muslims burn books, wear mock suicide vests in demonstrations, voice support for acts of terror, or publicly disavow the responsibilities of citizenship, they tend to feed anti-Muslim prejudice and provoke hostile reactions.78 There is, in this regard, some truth in Arendt’s points that victims of dis- crimination are not necessarily entirely innocent and that some of their actions and orientations may have contributed to the problem.79 For Muslims, as Parekh puts it, much could be done to “to regain their individual and collective agency and regenerate themselves,” and thus fight discrimination more effectively. As center-right parties shift to the right for fear of losing their constituencies, anti-Muslim sentiments appear to have replaced anti-Semitism as “the common denominator of populist movements.
    keywords: 8/14/2012; ajiss294_ajiss; american; culture; identity; integration; journal; multiculturalism; muslim; new; obama; page; policy; politics; problem; race; rights; states; united; white
       cache: ajiss-315.pdf
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        item: #1838 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3154
      author: Dugan, Max Johnson
       title: Buying Buddha, Selling Rumi: Orientalism and the Mystical Marketplace (by Sophia Rose Arjana)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1637
      flesch: 48
     summary: Conceptually, Arjana brings critical approaches to religious consumption (Jain 2014; Shirazi 2016; Lofton 2017) into conversation with Edward Said and Michel Foucault. Arjana opts for breadth rather than depth when engaging her case studies.
    keywords: arjana; marketplace; religion
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        item: #1839 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3158
      author: Ibrahim, Samira I.
       title: Islam and Good Governance A Political Philosophy of Ihsan (by M. A. Muqtedar Khan)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1682
      flesch: 60
     summary: After a detailed explanation of the concept of Ihsan, and providing an in depth and critical genealogy of Islamic political philosophy, Khan now proposes his model of Ihsan and good governance in Chapter 7. Also, at certain points this work of Khan reduces the flaws in Islamic political philosophy to the dominance of Shariah and the absence of Ihsan in the field of politics.
    keywords: ihsan; khan; philosophy
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        item: #1840 of 2426
          id: ajiss-316
      author: Pribadi, Yanwar
       title: Kiai in Madura: Their Roles in Local Politics in Indonesia
        date: 2012.0
       words: 9704
      flesch: 53
     summary: Kiai pesantren are gener- ally regarded as the highest in rank. As a re- sult, according to many kiai, the PPP remained the only feasible party to pick – although prior to its Twenty-seventh Congress, the chairman of the NU, Kiai Idham Chalid, encouraged nahdliyin (the NU followers) to have free political aspirations – not only to the PPP, but also possibly to Golkar or the PDI.25 To avoid perplexity among the NU followers, the kiai decided to be more pragmatic by persuading nahdliyin to vote for a party that de- fends and promotes Islamic values, and this was considered by nahdliyin as a plea to vote for the PPP.
    keywords: east; government; indonesia; islamic; java; kiai; leaders; madura; madurese; nuruddin; order; people; pesantren; politics; ppp; social; society; state; support
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        item: #1841 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3163
      author: Elizabeth Urban
       title: Tree of Pearls: The Extraordinary Architectural Patronage of the 13th-Century Egyptian Slave-Queen Shajar al-Durr (by D. Fairchild Ruggles)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1499
      flesch: 58
     summary: While the Salihiyya madrasa was not built by Shajar al-Durr, but by her husband al-Salih, Shajar al-Durr would later add al-Salih’s mausoleum onto this madrasa after his death. Shajar al-Durr strikingly used this gold mosaic to represent herself—a tree of pearls—in the mihrab, thus using her architecture to make “a daring presentation of personal identity” (139).
    keywords: durr; shajar
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        item: #1842 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3167
      author: Taj, H Masud
       title: Beyond the Divide: A Century of Canadian Mosque Design: (by Tammy Gaber)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 2290
      flesch: 61
     summary: The author classifies gendered mosque spaces as having a full view of the main prayer area, a partial view, or no view while contending that having a direct “visual and auditory access to the main space is arguably the most important architectural aspect of any worship space” (p. 169). Gaber notes that while the exterior design “is universally privileged in surveys of mosque design,” however, it is the interior design that is “not as celebrated in surveys, but fleshes out a more complete story of how the mosque is used” (p.11).
    keywords: book; canada; chapter; community; mosque; muslim; women
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        item: #1843 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3168
      author: Khan, Shahzar Raza
       title: Tackling Displacement: Akbar Allahabadi's Islamic Critique of Modernity in the Colonial Subcontinent
        date: 2024.0
       words: 10170
      flesch: 63
     summary: The Peculiarity of Allahabadi’s Critique and the Usage of Poetry Akbar Allahabadi was one of the three most influential Muslim intel- lectuals in the subcontinent in his time, the two others being Shibli Nu’mani (1857-1914) and Maulana Azad (1888-1958).16 Possessing neither traditional nor legal-rational authority,17 Allahabadi manifested a charis- matic personality that moved people across all walks of life.18 Members of the laity often quoted his witty couplets,19 while politicians of stat- ure like Nawab Muhammad Ismail Khan (1884-1958)20 wanted to write his biography. 119 Akbar Allahabadi, Khutut-i-Mashahir in Abdul Majid Daryabadi, ed., (Lucknow: Nasim Book Depot, 1969), p. 165. 120 Allahabadi, Kulliyat-i-Akbar, p. 357.
    keywords: akbar; akbar allahabadi; allahabadi; critique; god; ibid; islam; islamic; kulliyat; modernity; muslims; qur’an
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        item: #1844 of 2426
          id: ajiss-317
      author: Muedini, Fait
       title: Sufism, Politics, and the Arab Spring
        date: 2012.0
       words: 7711
      flesch: 53
     summary: Similar calls have taken place in Egypt; in this case, Sufi groups have begun to form political parties for representation out of concern for the increase in political influence by the Muslim Brotherhood, as well as Salafi Muslim organizations. However, we should not understand the relationship as one merely of lead- ers attempting to influence Sufis – since Sufi orders have also been key actors in the anti-colonial movements in North Africa;23 and specifically in Muedini: Sufism, Politics, and the Arab Spring 27 cases such as the Sudan, where the Madahiyya order was key in the fight against the Ottoman Empire within this Egypt and Britain;24 in Morocco,25 where Nasiriyya Sufi orders had an influential role in trade, along with Sufi groups fighting against outside forces in Morocco26; in Libya, with the anti- colonial effort of the Sanussi movement27; and Algeria, with Abdel Qadir and the Qadiriyya movement fighting French colonialism.28 Syria Paul Pinto explains that Sufis have a long history in Syria, and in particular, have had many interactions with the political leadership – with this rela- tionship between Sufis and the state including “both collaboration and re- sistance to the state .
    keywords: egypt; egyptian; government; groups; ibid; islam; leaders; mubarak; muslim; party; politics; role; state; sufi; sufism; syria
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        item: #1845 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3171
      author: Freitas de Souza, Felipe
       title: From Victims to Suspects: Muslim Women since 9/11 (by Shakira Hussein)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1718
      flesch: 50
     summary: In this chapter, the author discusses the situation of Afghan women before and after 9/11, focusing on women in that country to highlight, for example, that Muslim women are victimized to justify imperialism. Reflecting on a very important theme for Muslim and non-Muslim communities, articulating academic readings and facts disseminated in the media, as well as interviewing Muslim women in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the work clarifies that in order to understand Islam, Muslims and Islamist movements today requires a consideration of the role played by women in these arenas – or even the role assigned to them by external agents.
    keywords: author; chapter; islam; muslim; women
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        item: #1846 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3173
      author: Bint Younus, Zainab
       title: Women and Gender in the Qur’an: (by Celene Ibrahim)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 4684
      flesch: 52
     summary: Though her footnote does reference verses 51:26-28 and 11:70, in which the angelic messengers to the Prophet Ibrahim refuse food, she could have answered (at least part of) her own question by acknowledging the many aḥadīth in which angels met with the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions in the form of men, and particularly in the form of Diḥya al-Kalbī. This particular insight yields a starting point for future conversations on the role of Muslim women within their religious and social communities.
    keywords: female; ibrahim; qur’an; qur’anic; women
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        item: #1847 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3175
      author: Chauvet, Adrien
       title: Cosmographical Readings of the Qurʾan
        date: 2023.0
       words: 12678
      flesch: 62
     summary: Indeed, the nuances that emerge from the word choice and morphology of the Qurʾan’s descriptions can all be made relevant to modern scientific paradigms. As Muslims, the task is to make the Qurʾan relevant to our own context.
    keywords: c h; e t; earth; h e; l r; m e; o g; paradigms; qurʾan; r e; r n; u r; verses
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        item: #1848 of 2426
          id: ajiss-318
      author: Elewa, Ahmed
       title: Articulating “Responsibility” as a Prerequisite for the Arab Spring
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6772
      flesch: 49
     summary: I queried the following dictionaries, using the website http://www. baheth.info/: al-Ubab al-Zakhir by al-Hasan bin Muhammad al- Saghani (1181‒1252), Al-Qamus Al-Muhit by El-Fairuzabadi (1329‒1414), al-Sihah fi al-Lughah by Ismail al-Jawhari (d. 1002, 1008 or 1010), Maqayees al-Lughah by Abul-Hussien Ahmed ibn Faris (d. 1004,) and Lisan al-Arab by Muhammad ibn Manzur (1233‒1312). 21. 24 As head of the school of languages and editor of the first offi- cial gazette, al-Tahtawi was well-positioned to import and arabize foreign terms,25 and it appears that he was the first to introduce the concepts of fatherland (watan) and patriotism (wataniyyah) into Arabic.26 He writes in the section on governance: Kings in their kingdoms have exclusive rights and upon them are obligations towards their people.
    keywords: arab; elewa; fiqh; ibid; ibn; islamic; literature; mas’uliyyah; muhammad; new; people; responsibility; social; spring; term
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        item: #1849 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3189
      author: Arif, Syamsuddin
       title: Rethinking the Concept of Fiṭra: Natural Disposition, Reason and Conscience
        date: 2023.0
       words: 11603
      flesch: 59
     summary: 8 Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-‘Arab (Būlāq: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Amīriyyah, 1300/1882), vol. 5, p. 363; cf. (Cairo: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Amīriyyah, 1321/1903), vol. 3, pp. 100-101.
    keywords: disposition; e c; e r; e t; fiṭra; god; h e; human; ibn; instinct; islamic; muslim; nature; new; press; r n; religion; t h; vol
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        item: #1850 of 2426
          id: ajiss-319
      author: Haghighat, Elhum
       title: The Paradox between Women’s Educational Attainment and Social Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa
        date: 2012.0
       words: 9804
      flesch: 42
     summary: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, women’s increased access to education deviates from the expectations of the modernization perspective. Introduction The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region defies modernization theory’s expectations that increased education and reduced fertility rates lead to higher employment placements and improved social mobility for women.
    keywords: countries; education; fertility; force; girls; labor; mena; modernization; percent; population; rate; region; school; social; status; women
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        item: #1851 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3190
      author: Hassan, Murie
       title: Yusuf al-Qaradawi’s Jurisprudence of Priorities: A Critical Assessment
        date: 2023.0
       words: 16829
      flesch: 57
     summary: By contrast, Hassani Muhammad Nur Muhammad in his Fiqh al-Awlawiyyāt fī al-Sharīʿah al-Islāmiyyah: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2002), 27; ʿAbd al-Majid Muhammad al-Suswah, Fiqh al-Muwāzanāt fī al-Sharīʿah al-Islāmiyyah (Dubai, UAE: Dar al-Qalam, 2013), 13; Al-Qaradawi, Fiqh of Priorities, 25–26; Al-Qaradawi, The Priorities of the Islamic Movement in the Coming Phase, 17–18.
    keywords: benefit; c e; e n; e o; e r; e s; fiqh; harm; islamic; jurisprudence; law; n c; n j; p r; principle; priorities; priority; qaradawi; r n; reasoning; u f; u r
       cache: ajiss-3190.pdf
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        item: #1852 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3191
      author: Sakarya, Sümeyye
       title: Islam, Liberalism, and Ontology A Critical Re-evaluation (by Joseph J. Kaminski)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1631
      flesch: 43
     summary: Then, he discusses political Liberalism and the argument that it is not at odds with Islam because it does not deal with the matters of metaphysics and the good life. Therefore, a genuine congruence between Islam and political Liberalism, which is rooted in the Enlightenment, is not plausible.
    keywords: islam; kaminski; liberalism
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        item: #1853 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3194
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 2023.0
       words: 889
      flesch: 35
     summary: The paper recommends a holistic framework to settle family disputes in compliance with Islamic law and in a legally enforceable manner. A proper institutionalization of Islamic alternative dispute resolution (ADR) services can go a long way in ensuring Islamically-complaint forms of divorce, annulment, corollary relief, and other situations, and may facilitate the role of a secular court to secure relief in religiously compatible ways such that its involvement could be limited to the enforcement of rights that are pre-approved by Islamic law.
    keywords: american; islamic; journal
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        item: #1854 of 2426
          id: ajiss-320
      author: Dorroll, Courtney M.
       title: On the Visual Apartheid in Western Europe: Architectural Hegemony in the German Urban Landscape
        date: 2012.0
       words: 9276
      flesch: 52
     summary: In German architecture, the physical markings of power regimes past and present are visible. I argue the visual is equally symbolic, ideological, and appropriated to hegemonic powers.
    keywords: apartheid; architecture; berlin; city; dresden; germany; hegemonic; immigrant; landscape; minority; mosque; past; power; text; urban; visual
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        item: #1855 of 2426
          id: ajiss-321
      author: Wood, Asmi John
       title: The Position of the Niqab (the Face Veil) in Australia under Australian and Islamic Laws
        date: 2012.0
       words: 19506
      flesch: 50
     summary: Based on the practice of a segment of Australian Muslim women, I ex- amine the legal social implications for Australian Muslim women wearing niqab and, in instances, the hijab. On the other hand, paternalism is not likely to suffer greatly if Australian Muslim women doff their hijabs.
    keywords: australia; bullock; case; community; consensus; context; cover; custom; dress; face; general; hijab; international; islamic; issue; journal; law; laws; mernissi; muslim; niqab; position; prophet; qur’ān; sharīʻah; social; veil; women
       cache: ajiss-321.pdf
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        item: #1856 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3210
      author: Saeidi, Fateh
       title: The Early Sufi Tradition in Hamadān, Nahāwand, and Abhar: Stories of Devotion, Mystical Experiences, and Sufi Texts
        date: 2023.0
       words: 12485
      flesch: 68
     summary: Additionally, Abū Nuʻaym mentions other anecdotes about Kahmaṣ that resemble those of another pious worshiper (ʻābid) from Basra named Abū al-Ḥasan al-Tamīmī (d. 149/766), whom al-Dhahabī (d.748/1344) refers to as Kahmaṣ too.18 Abū al-Qāsim ibn Marwān al-Nahāwandī al-Sufi, also known as Ibn Mardān, was a Sufi associated with the Sufi circle of Baghdad. The early development of Sufism in Hamadān and its neighboring centers, namely Nahāwand2 and Abhar,3 can primarily be attributed to the Sufis from Baghdad.4 Furthermore, it is noteworthy that al-Junayd al-Baghdādī (d. 298/910), a pivotal figure in the spiritual lineage of numerous Sufi orders, was of Nahāwandī descent.5 The majority of Jibāl cities, including Hamadān, Nahāwand, and Rayy, were strategically located along the Silk Road, a vital trade route serving as the crossroads between the central hub of the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq and the Khūrāsān region.
    keywords: abharī; abū; bābā; e r; e t; hamadān; ibn; ibn al; jaʻfar; jibāl; n d; qūmsānī; r n; region; sufism; yazdānyār
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        item: #1857 of 2426
          id: ajiss-322
      author: Idid, Syed Zahir; Hashi, Abdurezak A.
       title: Foundations of Islamic Antidrug Abuse Education
        date: 2012.0
       words: 8702
      flesch: 51
     summary: Ibn Abidin, Al-Radd al-MukhtÉr ‘AlÉ al-Dur al-MukhtÉr, (Kuwait: WazÉrat al-AwqÉf wa al-Shu’Ën al-Islamiyyah, 1980). 61. See his monumental book on Muslim jurisprudence: al-Radd al- MukhtÉr ‘AlÉ al-Dur al-MukhtÉr, vol. 6, 457. 62.
    keywords: abuse; abusers; alcohol; antidrug; consumption; drug; drug abuse; human; islamic; jurists; khamr; life; mind; muslim; punishment; qur’ān; social; substances; wine
       cache: ajiss-322.pdf
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        item: #1858 of 2426
          id: ajiss-323
      author: Gould, Benina; Khisbiyah, Yayah; Gould, Jeffrey B.
       title: Accessing Global Information: The Use of the Internet for Current Islamic and Non-Islamic Issues by Students in Solo, Indonesia
        date: 2012.0
       words: 7010
      flesch: 43
     summary: But in Indonesia, pesantren students often defy stereotypes.17 The Internet was chosen for analysis because it represents a power- ful portal for global news that is not always pluralistic. We then compare students’ survey responses with respect to the relative importance of the Internet as a source of Islamic and non-Islamic news, the frequency of their Internet use, and the general viewpoint of Internet sites that they access.
    keywords: conservative; gould; indonesia; information; internet; islamic; modernist; muslim; news; percent; schools; sites; students
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        item: #1859 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3239
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Recasting the Religious Architecture of Islam: The Religious Architecture of Islam I – Asia and Australia and The Religious Architecture of Islam II – Africa, Europe and the Americas (by Hasan-uddine Khan and Kathryn Blair Moore, Eds.)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 5145
      flesch: 47
     summary: ‘Canadian Mosques’ by Tammy Gaber outlines a century of mosque construction in Canada and identified regional patterns in design includ- ing pioneering of mosque spaces in the prairies, converted mosques in Quebec, purpose-built mosques in British Columbia, mosque as hubs of community space in the Maritimes, orienting mosques to Mecca in Canada and the extreme north, and the gendering of mosques in Ontario. In ‘Modern and Contemporary Mosques in Latin America’, Wolf studies the role of mosque spaces in Latin America, often with transnational patronage and impact.
    keywords: architecture; chapter; e s; examples; islamic; mosque; s s; spaces; volume
       cache: ajiss-3239.pdf
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        item: #1860 of 2426
          id: ajiss-324
      author: Noaparast, Khosrow Bagheri; Noaparast, Mohammad Zoheir Bagheri
       title: Action-Oriented Research in Education: A Comparative Study on A Western and An Islamic View
        date: 2012.0
       words: 8962
      flesch: 57
     summary: This is because educational actions are attempts to change the present ac- tions with regard to some ideal states considered and expressed in terms of aims of education. The comparison between Clark’s view and the one we suggest that is inspired by the Islamic view of human action and shows that there are considerable commonalities between the two views as both of them avoid the mechanistic orientation and take human action into account.
    keywords: action; education; human; islamic; means; noaparast; qur’ān; research; social; terms; value; view
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        item: #1861 of 2426
          id: ajiss-325
      author: Marandi, Seyed Mohammad; Tari, Zeinab Ghasemi
       title: Muslim Representations in Two Post-September 2001 American Novels: A Contrapuntal Reading of Terrorist by John Updike and Falling Man A Novel by Don DeLillo
        date: 2012.0
       words: 10594
      flesch: 58
     summary: One of the misconceptions about Islam that was propagated since the Crusades was the idea that Islam opposed Christianity and Judaism and promulgates the killing of non-Muslims. Representations of the Qur’ān and the People of the Book Since the Crusades, it was believed that Islam opposed Christianity and Judaism and promulgated the killing of non-Muslims by equating “unbe- lievers” with Jews and Christians.
    keywords: american; book; delillo; holy; ibid; islam; knowledge; man; muslims; new; orientalism; people; prophet; qur’ān; representations; terrorist; text; updike
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        item: #1862 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3250
      author: Anjum, Naveed
       title: Textual Authority and Modern Urdū Exegetical Interpretations: A Case Study of Q.4:34
        date: 2025.0
       words: 9624
      flesch: 60
     summary: Abū al-aʿlā al-Mawdūdī (d.1979) and Tafhīm al-Qurʾān34 Mawdūdī is a distinct thinker in the modern Islamic world, and his writ- ings have a visible impact to this day.35 His Tafhīm al-Qurʾān remains a very popular exegetical work. Shāh Allah Walī, al-Ḥujjat Allāh al-Bāligha, vol. 2, (Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathīr, 2020), pp. 420-428. 52 Abū Bakr Aḥmad bin ‘Alī al-Rāzī al-Jaṣṣāṣ,, Aḥkām al-Qur’ān, vol. 2, (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, Beirut, 2013) pp. 236-238. 53 Aysha.
    keywords: family; husband; iṣlāḥī; man; mawdūdī; q.4:34; qurʾān; raḥmānī; shafīʿ; terms; text; vol; wife; women; āzād
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        item: #1863 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3252
      author: Mohomed, Carimo
       title: Female Religious Authority in Shi'i Islam: Past and Present: (by Mirjam Künkler and Devin J. Stewart, Eds.)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1651
      flesch: 36
     summary: Mirjam Künkler (Senior Research Fellow at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study) and Devin J. Stewart’s (Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Emory University) edited book presents the forgotten history of female religious authority in Islam, providing essential first- hand materials for researchers of Islamic religious authority, Twelver Shi‘ism, and especially the role of women in the Islamic tradition. O O K R E V i E W S  145 conference on female religious authority in modern Iran, which was held at Princeton University in 2015.
    keywords: authority; islamic; shi‘i; twelver; women
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        item: #1864 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3255
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1185
      flesch: 45
     summary: It manages to advance a novel thesis in the growing field of Islam and science, advocating for a multiplicity of correspondences between both past and modern scientific paradigms, even if these paradigms con- flict with one another. Ovamir Anjum Imam Khattab Endowed Chair of Islamic Studies Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Toledo, Ohio Editor, American Journal of Islam and Society doi: 10.35632/ajis.v40i1-2.3255 5 Call for Papers Special Issue Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the American Journal of Islam and Society (est.1984)
    keywords: american; islam; islamic; journal
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        item: #1865 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3257
      author: Ganaie, Ab Majeed
       title: The Exceptional Qur’ān: Flexible and Exceptive Rhetoric in Islam's Holy Book: (by Johanne Louise Christiansen)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1936
      flesch: 58
     summary: In the Introduction, Christiansen highlights the categorical or absolute aspects of exception in the Qur’ān. Regarding the language of exception in the Qur’ān, Christiansen argues that: The exceptive language of the Qur’ān and its establishment of a balance between principle and dispensation are part of a deliberate strategy articulated in a flexible and adaptive system that can incorporate a wide range of adherents.
    keywords: chapter; christiansen; qur’ān; qur’ānic
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        item: #1866 of 2426
          id: ajiss-326
      author: Afroz, Sultana
       title: The Role of Islam in the Abolition of Slavery and in the Development of British Capitalism
        date: 2012.0
       words: 12757
      flesch: 49
     summary: By the early nineteenth century, British West Indian monopoly in sugar was “unsound in theory” and “unprofitable in practice” in the face of sufficient and cheap supply of sugar produced by free labor in India.49 Sugar cost the British people annually more than one and a half mil- lion pounds sterling in the late 1820s.50 Two-fifths of the price of every pound of sugar consumed in England represented the cost of produc- tion, two-fifths went in revenue to the government, and the West Indian planter received one-fifth in tribute.51 Evidently, the commercial planta- tion economy throughout the West Indies was mortally ill. The textile factories of Birmingham and Manchester eventually destroyed the Indian textile trade and the Chinese household cotton in- dustries.82 Highlighting the importance of British textile to its economy, F. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29:124 M. Eden wrote: “The exportation of a piece of British broadcloth is more beneficial to us than the re-exportation of a quantity of Bengal muslin or of West India coffee of equal value.”83
    keywords: abolition; africans; american; britain; british; british west; china; east; enslaved; european; history; imperial; india; indies; islamic; muslim; people; role; slave trade; slavery; states; sugar; system; west; west africa; west indian
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        item: #1867 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3267
      author: Houston, Sam
       title: The “Metaphysical Monster” and Muslim Theology: William James, Sherman Jackson, and the Problem of Black Suffering
        date: 2023.0
       words: 14120
      flesch: 51
     summary: While pragmatic conceptions of God that highlight the inextricable nature of thought and praxis are a well-documented characteristic of Black theologies in the Christian tradition that confront the challenges of Black theodicy, little has been done to explore examples of this in Blackamerican forms of Islam.4 This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining Jackson’s account of classical Islamic theology, and especially the tradition’s doctrines of God, in light of the pragmatism of William James. Thirdly, I will explore some of the issues raised by Jackson’s analysis of Jones’ reliance on “experience” in his book, Is God a White Racist?, a critique that can also be applied to James’ uncritical use of “experience” in the process of verification.
    keywords: e o; e r; god; h e; ibid; jackson; james; m e; r n; s t; t e; t h
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        item: #1868 of 2426
          id: ajiss-327
      author: Dawood, Hamzah Adesola
       title: In Diplomatic Banquet of Treaty: Islamic Sharī‘ah and International Laws Share the Attires of Pacta Sunt Servanda
        date: 2012.0
       words: 12457
      flesch: 58
     summary: Christopher A. Ford maintains that “the most ambitious claims about the congruence of Islamic and modern international legal doctrines have been made in the area of the sanctity of international treaty law. Thus, the fundamental principle of treaty law is undoubtedly the proposition that treaties are binding upon the parties to them and must be performed in good faith.15
    keywords: agreement; article; convention; ibid; international; islamic; law; muslim; pacta; parties; principle; prophet; qur’ān; rules; servanda; state; sunt; treaties; treaty
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        item: #1869 of 2426
          id: ajiss-328
      author: Ali, Jan A.
       title: Contemporary Islamic Revivalism: Key Perspectives
        date: 2012.0
       words: 14705
      flesch: 37
     summary: The Definition of Islamic Revivalism and Explanations for the Emergence of Contemporary Islamic Revivalism Before proceeding to a more detailed discussion of the various perspectives that seek to explain the emergence of contemporary Islamic revivalism, it would be helpful to look briefly at the key defining issues surrounding contem- porary Islamic revivalism and examine the principal concepts surrounding it. There is more than one explanation or one set of explanations for the emergence of the phenomenon of contemporary Islamic revivalism.
    keywords: arab; chicago; contemporary; crisis; fundamentalism; ibid; islamic; life; modernity; movements; muslim; new; perspective; phenomenon; press; religion; revivalism; social; state; university; world
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        item: #1870 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3280
      author: Amasha, Muhammad
       title: The Ideals and Interests in Intellectuals’ Political Deliberations: The Arab Spring and the Divergent Paths of Egypt’s Shaykh al-Azhar Ahmad al-Tayyib and Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa
        date: 2023.0
       words: 14318
      flesch: 52
     summary: I establish this with more than a thousand chronologically ordered primary sources and twenty interviews with people in Gomaa and al-Tayyib’s circles. Keywords: Sociology of intellectuals, cultural sociology, Islam and politics, Arab Spring, Egypt, Ulama, al-Azhar Introduction One day before the outbreak of the 2011 Egyptian Uprising, the newly appointed Shaykh al-Azhar Ahmad al-Tayyib held a conference titled “Sunni Islam: A Call for Unity and Tolerance ….”1 Al-Sisi’s government is doing its best to limit al-Tayyib’s power by taking back the right to choose the Grand Mufti from al-Azhar and refusing to renew the tenure of some of his associates.68 Also, deemphasizing the ʿulamaʾ’s agency here does not help explain, for example, Gomaa’s extremeness compared to his students aligned with him politically, like al-Habib Ali al-Jifri.
    keywords: ali; ali gomaa; arab; azhar; azhar al; c t; coup; e r; e t; egypt; gomaa; intellectuals; islam; l l; legitimacy; m e; politics; r n; shaykh; state; tayyib; ua l; ʿulamaʾ
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        item: #1871 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3283
      author: Isani, Mujtaba Ali; Silverman, Daniel; Kaminski, Joseph
       title: The Other Legitimate Game in Town? Understanding Public Support for the Caliphate in the Islamic World
        date: 2024.0
       words: 13465
      flesch: 62
     summary: A Democratic Caliphate An alternative vision to the autocratic Caliphate is one that prioritizes some type of Islamic democracy rooted in a robust and multi-level notion of sovereignty. In addition, they phrase the con- cept in various ways, from an “Islamic Caliphate system” to an “Islamic Caliph state” to simply “a/the Caliphate.”
    keywords: caliphate; democracy; e ot; e r; e t; h e; islamic; m e; model; muslim; n j; pakistan; r l; r n; state; support; world
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        item: #1872 of 2426
          id: ajiss-329
      author: Abd. Rahman, Saodah; Nurallah, Abu Sadat
       title: Islamic Awakening and Its Role in Islamic Solidarity in Malaysia
        date: 2012.0
       words: 10771
      flesch: 46
     summary: However, from the 1990s onwards, in order to be 119Rahman and Nurullah: Islamic Awakening more acceptable to the society, PAS changed its policies and approaches in spreading Islamic political ideologies moderate. Therefore, the selective implementation of Islamic law has been carried out relatively smoothly.
    keywords: abim; anwar; awakening; government; ibid; institutions; islamic; leaders; malaya; malaysia; muslim; non; organizations; party; pas; people; principles; religious; social; society; state; umno; university
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        item: #1873 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3291
      author: Zatari, Fadi; Fili, Omar
       title: Justice and the Just Ruler in the Islamic Mirror of Princes
        date: 2024.0
       words: 8552
      flesch: 65
     summary: Boutchich, I. Khaṭṭāb al-ʻadālah fī al-Ādāb al-Sulṭānīyah,18 7 Boutchich, I. Khaṭṭāb al-ʻadālah fī al-Ādāb al-Sulṭānīyah,26. 8 Abstract This article aims to understand the main characteristics of the concept of justice in the works of al-Ādāb al-Sulṭānīyah (Islamic advice literature).
    keywords: adab; ibn; ibn al; islamic; justice; literature; mirror; people; princes; ruler; state; sulṭānīyah; world; ādāb al
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        item: #1874 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3298
      author: Tahiiev, Akif
       title: The Shi‘i Islamic Martyrdom: Narratives of Imam al-Ḥusayn (by Muhammad-Reza Fakhr-Rohani)
        date: 2023.0
       words: 2428
      flesch: 63
     summary: Describing these events, Fakhr-Rohani often referred to the statements of Imam Husayn, collected in the book of Muhammad Sadiq Najmi From Medina to Karbala in the words of Imam al-Husayn (Fakhr-Rohani was the author of the English translation of this book). Having introduced the reader to the basics of Shi‘ism and the signif- icance of Imam Husayn (as an infallible Imam, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, son of Imam Ali, and brother of Imam Hassan), the author proceeds to a detailed description of the movement of Imam Husayn, highlighting the Medina and Meccan phases, the path from Mecca to Karbala, the arrival to the place of Karbala and the events of the day of Ashura itself.
    keywords: author; husayn; imam; maqtals
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        item: #1875 of 2426
          id: ajiss-330
      author: Swazo, Norman K.
       title: Islamic Intellectualism: Rahman, Gadamer, and the Hermeneutics of the Qur’ān
        date: 2011.0
       words: 13158
      flesch: 43
     summary: That is, even one such as Rahman would have to acknowledge an existential structure of human existence despite holding a hermeneutic prejudice of method such as the double-movement approach to Islamic understanding. In terms of post-Enlightenment critique, Rahman would have to acknowledge that even in the case of Islamic understanding, we cannot have a methodologically assured safeguard against all error.
    keywords: gadamer; human; ibid; interpretation; islamic; meaning; movement; present; qur’ān; rahman; text; tradition; understanding
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        item: #1876 of 2426
          id: ajiss-331
      author: Abdullah, Abdul-Samad
       title: Role of Context and Objectives of the Surah in Shaping the Episodes of the Qur’ānic Narrative: The Narrative of Lot as an Example
        date: 2011.0
       words: 16020
      flesch: 63
     summary: It is clear that the attitude of such people toward Lot is compatible with that of other people toward their prophets. More- over, God used them as an example for other people (Qur’ān 54:33‒40).
    keywords: almighty; angels; context; disbelievers; episode; god; lot; messengers; narrative; objectives; people; prophet; qur’ān; surah; surat al; torment
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        item: #1877 of 2426
          id: ajiss-332
      author: Nik Yaakob, Nik Rosila
       title: An Islamic Conceptual Framework of a Well-balanced Personality
        date: 2011.0
       words: 10052
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 1: Three types of human personalities, when the soul is integrated with a physical body.57 Yaakob: An Islamic Conceptual Framework 75 Figure 1 shows the state of human personality in the situation in which the evil power is dominating the soul. All the faculties in human soul will then be subservi- ent to evil, and even reason becomes a slave of passion, lust, and anger.
    keywords: attas; body; child; concept; education; ghazālī; human; individual; islamic; knowledge; nature; personality; process; psychology; reason; soul
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        item: #1878 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3322
      author: Alio, Mohamed
       title: The Mazrui Dynasty: Serving Islam in East Africa
        date: 2024.0
       words: 10645
      flesch: 60
     summary: At the same time, they also published and established Islamic journals and publications that were specific to the East African context.56 The Mazrui reform movement foregrounded the Islamic revival in East Africa, while al-Amin Mazrui, the latest Mazrui reformer, also transcended the more local reformist context to engage with interna- tional African, Global South, and more marginalized perspectives.57 The following are the most famous Mazrui reformist scholars: 1. 3 Muhammad Saeed Al-Beidh, Ṭayy al-Marāḥil fī Tārīkh al-Sawāḥil (Lamu: Dār al-Mīrāth al-Nabawī, n.d.), 12. 4 Ibid., 12.
    keywords: africa; ali; amin; busaʿidi; dynasty; east; east africa; ibn; islam; islamic; kadhi; kenya; mazrui; mombasa; muhammad; muslim; oman; portuguese; shaykh; shaykh al; swahili
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        item: #1879 of 2426
          id: ajiss-333
      author: Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz
       title: Issues in Muslim Liberal and Islamic Revivalist Thought: An Analysis of the Views of Watt and Sikand
        date: 2011.0
       words: 11407
      flesch: 50
     summary: They consider Muslim liberalists thought as creative interpretations, which contribute constructively toward the development of Islamic thought; however, they maintain that Islamic revivalists demonstrate rigidity, idealism, and fundamentalism and cause the development of radical thought. Need for Change in the Islamic Worldview Watt thinks that Muslim liberalists accept that the Islamic worldview needs to be changed, while Islamic revivalists reject the need for change.1 Watt argues that this dismissal of the need for change in Islamic world- view has caused stagnation in Islamic thought and caused the decline of 93Ali: Issues in Muslim Liberal and Islamic Revivalist Thought the Muslim world.
    keywords: change; development; god; ibid; islamic; liberalists; modernity; muslim; new; revivalists; sikand; thought; watt; worldview
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        item: #1880 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3339
      author: Begovic, Hamdija
       title: From Ummatic Muslims to State-centered Bosniacs: The Case of the Muslims of Bosnia
        date: 2025.0
       words: 8156
      flesch: 46
     summary: This analysis draws primarily on the works of Muhammad Iqbal and Wael Hallaq, which challenge normative assumptions about modernization and seculariza- tion that have shaped Bosniac identity from the fall of the Ottomans to the present day. Additionally, the study explores how Bosniac identity might align with a broader Ummatic identity that transcends the post-Westpha- lian political order.
    keywords: bosniac; communist; filandra; identity; islam; islamic; muslims; national; oxford; preporod; press; sarajevo; state; university
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        item: #1881 of 2426
          id: ajiss-334
      author: Voll, John O.
       title: The Challenge of the Believing Intellectual: Religion and Modernity
        date: 2011.0
       words: 5467
      flesch: 42
     summary: In this view, believers and modern intellectuals are rivals, representing dif- ferent worldviews. In this resurgence, modern educated intellectuals who were also religious activists played an important role.
    keywords: century; faruqi; intellectuals; islamic; modernity; muslim; nationalism; new; religion; world
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        item: #1882 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3343
      author: Hauter, Ashwak
       title: The Reparative Work of the Imagination: Yemen, 'Afiya, and the Politics of the Umma
        date: 2024.0
       words: 9755
      flesch: 55
     summary: To combat this fear and elaborate on this paradox, Yousef and other Yemeni artists meditate on the conditions of community, trust, and individual and communal wellbeing. Other Yemeni interlocutors I met during my fieldwork stressed that they would not request medical service, help, or aid in Jordan or Saudi Arabia for fear of being rebuffed.
    keywords: e pa; e r; h e; imagination; m e; r n; soul; t e; t h; umma; work; yemeni
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        item: #1883 of 2426
          id: ajiss-335
      author: Siddiqi, Mohammad Nejatullah
       title: Islamization of Knowledge: Reflections on Priorities
        date: 2011.0
       words: 8186
      flesch: 55
     summary: (The Plan 1982, 12) As the two quotes above clearly state, Islamization of knowledge is con- ceived as a means toward a “political” end: victory of Islam in the cur- rent civilizational struggle to dominate the world that the sponsors of the Islamization of knowledge project consider to be the essence of the Qur’anicconcept of khilafah. With the khilafah assigned to humankind as a whole, the revelation ‒ especially in its last edition, the Qur’an ‒ addressed to whole humankind, knowledge basically tending to be universal, and only the future available to be shaped, one wonders why it is a particular people (in this case, Mus- lims) and their legacy and their spaces that are targeted by the Islamization of knowledge project?
    keywords: american; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; muslims; need; new; plan; project; sciences; social; thought; use; world
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        item: #1884 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3355
      author: Majid, Iymon
       title: Integrating Kashmir: Modernity, Development and Sedimented Narratives: Kashmir in the Aftermath of Partition (By Shahla Hussain) & Colonizing Kashmir: State-Building Under Indian Occupation (By Hafsa Kanjwal)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 5494
      flesch: 54
     summary: 4 1 : 3 - 4 Two Stones, One Bush: Thinking about Kashmir In her book, Colonizing Kashmir: State-Building under Indian Occupation (hereafter CK), Hafsa Kanjwal is direct and provocative. Integrating Kashmir: Modernity, Development and Sedimented Narratives K
    keywords: e s; hussain; india; kanjwal; kashmir; modernity; state
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        item: #1885 of 2426
          id: ajiss-336
      author: Hassan, Kamal
       title: Al-Wasatiyyah as Understood and Defined by Islamic Scholars in Contemporary Singapore and Its Consistency with Ismail Al Faruqi’s Vision of Ummatan Wasatan
        date: 2011.0
       words: 6493
      flesch: 48
     summary: Which path Singapore Muslims choose will have an impact on the cohesion of our country.”7 Risalah: Membangun Masyarakat Islam Cemerlang Singapura (Sin- gapore: Majlis Ugama Islam Singapore, 2006).
    keywords: community; islam; islamic; moderation; muslim; muslim community; non; pergas; scholars; singapore
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        item: #1886 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3361
      author: Azzuhri, Anggi
       title: Slavery & Islam: (By Jonathan A.C. Brown) 
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1389
      flesch: 59
     summary: Among the many complexities that Brown describes include the vagueness of a raqiq’s right to property, as legal scholars did not agree upon the legality of a raqiq owning something under their own name, though they mostly agreed that a raqiq had the legitimate to start a family and travel without his master’s permission (Brown 2019, 86, 94). Here, Brown explains the dilemma: whether to place an immoral practice as an essential part of Islam (since Islam remains engaged with the discourse of slavery in its legal tradition) or to defend slavery, which seemingly goes against the universal norm that slavery is evil.
    keywords: brown; islamic; riqq; slavery
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        item: #1887 of 2426
          id: ajiss-337
      author: Zein, Ibrahim Mohamed
       title: Religions As a “Life Fact”: Al Faruqi’s Impact on The International Islamic University Malaysia
        date: 2011.0
       words: 8872
      flesch: 53
     summary: It should be remembered that, during the eighties, al Faruqi was regu- larly visiting Malaysia. Quite obviously, al Faruqi saw in the establishment of the IIUM a great opportunity for implementing his ideas on Islamic education.9 Prior to this, he noticed that the experiment of the Chicago Islamic College was doomed to fail and it was quite unre- alistic to develop the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) into The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:356 a postgraduate school of Islamic studies in North America.
    keywords: al faruqi; department; fiqh; iium; islamic; knowledge; religion; sciences; social; university; usul al
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        item: #1888 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3376
      author: Abdelgawwad, Ossama
       title: An Egyptian Ethicist: Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh Drāz (1894-1958) and His Qurʾān-Based Moral Theory
        date: 2024.0
       words: 12574
      flesch: 58
     summary: The four studies include: “Defining Religion,” “The Relationship between Religion, Culture, and Ethics,” “Religiosity and its Instinctive Origin,” and “The Origin of Divine Theology.” 4 Al-Nabaʾ al-ʿaẓīm: Naẓarāt jadīdah fī al-Qurʾān al-Karīm (The Great News: New Perspectives on the Noble Qurʾān): Al-Nabaʾ alʿaẓīm: Naẓarāt jadīdah fī al-Qurʾān al-karīm.
    keywords: akhlāq; divine; drāz; dustūr; e t; human; kant; morality; muḥammad; n e; obligation; qurʾān; religion; theory
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        item: #1889 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3378
      author: Butool, Beena
       title: Marital and Sexual Ethics in Islamic Law: Rethinking Temporary Marriage: (By ROSHAN IQBAL)
        date: 2025.0
       words: 1607
      flesch: 47
     summary: Abi Bakr (d. 56/678) clearly stated that mutʿa was prohibited. Ibn ʿAshūr (d. 1394/1973), a Sunni exegete, permitted mutʿa but on grounds dis- tinct from Shiʿi interpretations, arguing that it was never historically banned.
    keywords: chapter; marriage; mutʿa
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        item: #1890 of 2426
          id: ajiss-338
      author: Haneef, Mohamed Aslam
       title: Islamization of Knowledge After Thirty: Going Back To The Basics
        date: 2011.0
       words: 6900
      flesch: 46
     summary: One of the lacuna behind the not yet fully developed field of Islamic economics is the nondevelopment of its methodologi- cal aspects. Since Islamic economics is a social/human science, the way for- ward is to develop an usul al-iqtisad, or methodology of social science, that may be quite different in its specific rule and cri- teria compared to the former.
    keywords: banking; disciplines; economics; history; iok; islamic; islamization; knowledge; methodology; scholars; social
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        item: #1891 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3381
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 2023.0
       words: 715
      flesch: 33
     summary: Finally, Fateh Saeidi’s “The Early Sufi Tradition in Hamadān, Nahāwand, and Abhar: Stories of Devotion, Mystical Experiences, and Sufi Texts” explores the history of the development of early Sufism in Hamadān, Nahāwand, and Abhar through an analysis of three significant but understudied early Sufi texts: Karāmāt Sheikh abī ʻalī al-Qūmsānī by Ibn Zīrak al-Nahāwandī (d. 471/1078), Ādāb al-fuqarāʼ by Bābā Jaʻfar al-Abharī (d. 428/1036), and Rawḍat al-murīdīn by Ibn Yazdānyār 4  In his article entitled, “Ideals and Interests in Intellectuals’ Political Deliberations: The Arab Spring and the Divergent Paths of Egypt’s Shaykh al-Azhar Ahmad al-Tayyib and Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa,” Muhammad Amasha calls into question the common- place generalizations about the ulama as being either pro-revolution or pro-regime by examining the politics of two prominent members of the pro-establishment ulama class.
    keywords: american; islamic
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        item: #1892 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3386
      author: Ibrahim, Celene
       title: Response to Zainab Bint Younus’ Review of "Women and Gender in the Qur’an"
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1745
      flesch: 49
     summary: These include the writings of Ibn Isḥāq (d. ca. 150/767–8), as synthesized in the work of Ibn Hishām (d. ca. 218/833–4), as well as in other biographical works such as the Ṭabaqāt (Generations) of Ibn Saʿd (d. 230/845) that includes extensive entries on the Prophet Muḥammad’s contemporaries, including women who are alluded to in the Qur’an. I do not, in fact, merely reproduce exegesis in the style of premodern confessional works.
    keywords: book; qur’an; studies; women
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        item: #1893 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3388
      author: Нагиб, Шурук
       title: Ислам и эпистемологическая гендерная политика: деколониальный момент
        date: 2024.0
       words: 5947
      flesch: 92
     summary: Тем не менее Николсон утверждает, что конструкцио- нистские феминистки продолжали работать, исходя из предпо- 14  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:1–2 ложения, что половые различия повсеместно порождают ген- дерное дифференцирование, то есть «отличительные данные тела порождают общие черты в классификации людей в разных культурах и в реакциях других на тех, кого классифицируют подобным образом»[17]. Задавая вопросы из текста о том, в чем заключается значение различия (а именно акт пенетрации), обсуждение 16  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:1–2 Роусона заставило Сандерс понять – в отличие от господство- вавших тогда взглядов в гендерной теории, – что в исламских источниках может одновременно проводиться более одного ряда различий по признаку пола.
    keywords: gender; ibid; press; university; women; американский; гендера; гендерная; гендерной; гендерных; даже; для; его; женщин; журнал; западной; или; ислама; как; категории; которая; которые; между; нагиб; образом; общества; однако; она; они; пола; различия; также; тела; теории; феминистской; что; чтобы; эпистемологическая; является
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        item: #1894 of 2426
          id: ajiss-339
      author: Fletcher, Charles
       title: Ismail al Faruqi’s Interfaith Dialogue and Asian Religions with Special Reference to Buddhism
        date: 2011.0
       words: 8545
      flesch: 56
     summary: Isma‘il al Faruqi, Chris- tian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas (Montreal, Canada: McGill University Press, 1967). 2. Al Faruqi, Christian Ethics, 32–34. 3. Isma‘il al Faruqi, “Islam and Christianity: Prospects for dialogue,” The Sacred Heart Messenger (September 1967): 30.
    keywords: al faruqi; buddhism; dialogue; faruqi; god; islam; islamic; muslim; principles; reality; religion
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        item: #1895 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3390
      author: Парвизян, Саджа
       title: Такфūр Аверроэсом ал-Газāлū: та’вūл и каузальный куфр Саджа Парвизян
        date: 2024.0
       words: 11037
      flesch: 102
     summary: Человек, который стал «причиной погибели публики» здесь, несомненно, ал-Газа̄лӣ. Удивительно, однако, что в произведе- нии «Рассуждение, выносящее решение» нет ни одной строч- ки, где Аверроэс прямо говорит, что «ал-Газа̄лӣ — ка̄фир». Однако менее известно то, что в своем произведении «Рассуждение, выносящее решение относительно связи между религией и философией» (Фас̣л ал-Мак̣а̄л фӣма̄ байна-ш-шарӣ‘а ва-л-х̣икма мин ал-иттис̣а̄л)
    keywords: ghazālī; ibid; islamic; philosophy; аверроэс; аллегорические; будет; быть; газāли; газа̄лӣ; для; доказательство; должны; его; если; есть; журнал; или; ислама; как; когнитивный; которые; кто; куфр; между; может; образом; общества; однако; они; ответственность; относительно; парвизян; писания; поскольку; потому; рассуждение; следует; смысл; также; таким; тем; того; толкования; том; уразумению; утверждает; фа̄ра̄бӣ; философов; что; что аверроэс; что ал; чтобы; это; этом; является
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        item: #1896 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3391
      author: Ханафи, Сари
       title: От проторения пути до широкого внедрения «Исламизации знаний»: история Международного исламского университета Малайзии 
        date: 2024.0
       words: 10327
      flesch: 92
     summary: Куллиййу висит большой баннер, сообщающий, что в рейтинге университетов мира QS (World University Rankings QS) по предметам за 2018 г. его препо- даватели заняли 31 место по теологии. Некоторые из опрошенных сказали, что университету необходимо разнообразить и расширить «исламское» содержа- ние, включив в него мысль и историю, чтобы он мог обеспе- чить более «цивилизационное» мировоззрение в программе.
    keywords: economics; iium; international; islamic; knowledge; university; американский; более; большинство; будет; был; быть; в миум; внедрения; время; все; для; должны; его; есть; журнал; знаний; или; интеграции; ислама; ислама и; исламизации; исламская; исламских; исламской; исследований; как; когда; которые; куллиййа; курсов; малайзии; между; миум; может; например; наук; некоторые; области; обучения; общества; они; преподавателей; программы; проторения; психология; пути; работы; сари; студентов; также; тем; того; только; том; университет; ханафи; хотя; что; чтобы; широкого; экономики; эта; этой; этот; является
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        item: #1897 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3392
      author: Рахман, Рафи
       title: Распространение и внедрения ислама в афроамериканском сообществе: обращение к греху расизма в умме
        date: 2024.0
       words: 10328
      flesch: 87
     summary: 3. Исламская теология в отношении загробной жизни (Ахира) была по-новому перетолкована, переосмыслена и рекон- струирована черными мусульманами «в политико- исторический статус будущего земли, но с властью и пол- номочиями над другими», и в результате рай и ад стали «условиями земной жизни, а не Пара- доксально, но многие современные иммигранты-мусульмане беспечно не осознают, что в
    keywords: african; american; black; elijah; islam; islamic; journal; muslim; new; power; press; university; york; американский; америке; афроамериканском; афроамериканцев; был; быть; внедрения; внутри; все; для; его; журнал; и в; идентичности; или; иммигрантов; ислама; ислама в; исламской; как; которая; которые; многие; мусульманами; мусульмане; образом; общества; они; отношении; после; расовой; распространение; расы; рафи; рахман; религии; религиозно; себя; соединенных; сознания; сообществе; социальном; также; теолого; термин; черного; черной; черные; членства; что; штатах; этнической; является
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        item: #1898 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3393
      author: Анчасси, Омар
       title: Завоеванные народы раннего ислама: неарабы, рабы и сыновья матерей-рабынь (Элизабет Урбан)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 3995
      flesch: 99
     summary: Урбан также легко допускает, что в Если ответ заключается в том, что они различными способами поддерживали патриархат, что они, несомненно, делали, то не обвиняются ли они в действительно- сти в том, что не разделяли взглядов автора?[15]
    keywords: абд; абӯ; более; для; его; если; издательство; или; ислама; как; которые; либо; например; она; своему; также; том; университета; урбан; что; это; является
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        item: #1899 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3394
      author: Габер, Тэмми
       title: Заполнение пробелов: понимание архитектуры в исторических и современных исламских сообществах
        date: 2024.0
       words: 6364
      flesch: 103
     summary: В архитектуре этот термин допускает двойное кодирование и смешивание в изобретенных формах, которое не является лоскутным шитьем и которое можно читать одновременно по- разному, как в трех проектах в этой книге. од- ном месте и в одно время.
    keywords: автор; архитектуры; блум; были; было; века; включая; влияние; время; главе; дизайна; для; его; журнал; зданий; ислама; ифрикийи; как; которые; марокко; между; мечетей; мечети; общества; она; они; описывает; отмечает; период; после; при; проектов; северной; станек; строительства; также; того; том; трех; утверждает; что; эссе; этих; этой; этом; этот
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        item: #1900 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3395
      author: Ахмад, Джунайд
       title: Защищая Мухаммада в период модерна (Шерали Тарин)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1447
      flesch: 104
     summary: В своей книге «Такрир- и-итирразатбар Таквийат ал-Ислам» он утверждал, что в соот- ветствии с аргументацией Исмаʻила, Бог мог солгать и нару- шить свое обещание о завершающем характере пророчества Действительно, ос- новной мотив заключается в том, что аналитические рамки, ос- нованные на определенных концепциях секулярного либера- лизма, часто являются бесполезными при чтении и восприятии РЕЦЕНЗИИ НА КНИГИ  165 этих дебатов в сфере «священного мусульманского», или рели- гии, как она понимается последователями.
    keywords: барелви; более; деобанди; для; его; как; пророка; что; эти
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        item: #1901 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3396
      author: Амаша, Мухаммад
       title: Сат̣ват ан-нас̣с̣: х̮ит̣а̄б ал-Азхар ва азмат ал-х̣укм (Басма Абдел Азиз)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1434
      flesch: 101
     summary: Единственным возможным исключением, предполагает автор, может быть выступление ат- Таййеба в день переворота, к которому его заставили присо- единиться. Я считаю, что литература об улемах и арабских восстаниях нуждается в си- стематической документации, которая может предоставить ис- следователям богатые данные о том, «что на самом деле про- изошло» в отношении политики улемов, – миссия, успешно выполненная с помощью этой книги.
    keywords: автор; азхара; его; интервью; как; книги; переворота; улемов; что
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        item: #1902 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3397
      author: Пател, Мадиха
       title: Сила образования (Джереми Хензелл-Томас)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1019
      flesch: 100
     summary: Он утверждает, что Коран и пророк Мухаммад подтверждают, что социальные и глобальные преобразования зависят от преобразования лич- ности. Джереми Хензелл-Томас является науч- ным сотрудником Центра исламских исследований при Кембриджском университете и помощником редактора журна- ла «Critical Muslim», имея за спиной многолетний опыт в обла- сти образования и педагогики в различных социокультурных 171 172  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:1–2 контекстах.
    keywords: как; образование; общества; раздел; хензелл; что; является
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        item: #1903 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3398
      author: Хоув, Джастин
       title: Мирные семьи: усилия американских мусульман в борьбе с домашним насилием (Джулиан Хаммер) 
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1355
      flesch: 97
     summary: Основываясь на масштабных наблюдениях с привлечением участников, интервью с активистами и анализе средств массовой информации и другой литературы, Хаммер исследует многосто- ронние усилия активистов по борьбе с домашним насилием (ДН) для искоренения домашнего насилия в мусульманских общинах и для оказания помощи и поддержки потерпевшим. «Мир- ные семьи: усилия американских мусульман в борьбе с домаш- ним насилием»
    keywords: борцы; для; как; которые; мусульманских; семьи; хаммер; что
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        item: #1904 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3399
      author: Ма, Хайюн
       title: Мусульмане Китая и Японская империя: ислам в контексте Второй мировой войны (Келли А. Хаммонд)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1931
      flesch: 101
     summary: армия, флот и Министерство ино- странных дел Японии разработали согласованную националь- ную политику в отношении «ислама», сформулировав всеобъ- емлющую стратегию в отношении ислама и мусульман в Китае, Центральной Азии и на Ближнем Востоке. В этой связи книга Хаммонд исследует роль мусульман Китая в конфигурации Второй мировой войны, состоящей из Китая, Японии, стран Оси и союзных держав.
    keywords: азии; войны; для; или; ислама; как; китайских; китая; мусульман; отношении; сино; хаммонд; хуэй; японии; японской
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        item: #1905 of 2426
          id: ajiss-340
      author: Kirmani, M. Zaki
       title: Reflections on Science at the Interface of the Islamization of Knowledge Debate
        date: 2011.0
       words: 10335
      flesch: 51
     summary: Writings on Islamic science in the eighties appear to be dominated by these ideas.8 Another important reason for religious interest in science was based on the fact that by now science had turned out to be the only source of power in the world. Muslim society’s general apathy for scientific orientation, and its inability to produce sig- nificant science even in its own institutions, led them to think that there was something wrong in the social foundation of modern science because it appeared to be a product of a Western social structure.7 In earlier phase, in which science was viewed as antireligion, it was perhaps rightly consid- ered that modern science is unable to flourish in a religious environment.
    keywords: culture; growth; human; islamic; islamic science; islamization; journal; knowledge; nature; research; science; social; values
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        item: #1906 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3400
      author: Лахмар, Фелла
       title: Медресе и становление мусульманской женщины (Хем Боркер) 
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1808
      flesch: 101
     summary: Работа Боркер способствует этому научному пониманию, охватывая аспекты сложной образовательной роли, которую обучение в медресе играет в жизни и карьере девочек- мусульманок в Индии. Кни- га разделена на введение, семь основных глав, подробно описывающих обучение девочек в медресе (их пути, переход- ные этапы, стремления), и заключительную главу, в которой переплетаются различные темы и предлагаются методические размышления.
    keywords: благочестия; более; девочек; для; женщин; как; книги; медресе; образования; также; что; чтобы
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        item: #1907 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3401
      author: Алджунайд, Хайрудин
       title: Исламская революция в Индонезии (Кевин Фогг)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1082
      flesch: 98
     summary: Ценный источник, который вскоре станет основой мно- гих курсов по исламу в современном мире; ученые, пишущие об антиколониальных революциях и революциях в целом, вполне могут счесть эту книгу полезной в качестве основы для сравнения при исследовании использования Тем не менее эта глава важна тем, что в ней Дарул Ислам изображается не как уникальный эпизод в индонезийской ис- тории, а как часть более широкой истории исламской военизи- рованной реакции на колониализм и его предполагаемые во- площения.
    keywords: были; для; или; индонезии; как; революции; среди; что
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        item: #1908 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3402
      author: Морган, Дэниэл Джакобиус
       title: Ислам и Азия: история (Кьяра Формичи)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1735
      flesch: 101
     summary: Эта книга послужит полезным учебником для вводных курсов по исламу или азиатской религии в колледже, и в целом Вторая половина главы включает в себя серию тематических исследований выдающихся исламских реформаторов XVII и XVIII вв.
    keywords: xix; азии; главе; для; или; ислама; как; книги; которые; она; также; формичи; что
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        item: #1909 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3403
      author: Друри, Абдуллах
       title: Комфортное оцепенение: краткая история новозеландского мусульманского дискурса и мысли
        date: 2024.0
       words: 6957
      flesch: 97
     summary: Как и в случае с общинной АБДУЛЛАХ ДРУРИ: КОМФОРТНОЕ ОЦЕПЕНЕНИЕ  215 идентичностью и теологическим консенсусом, все институты — мусульманские и немусульманские — развиваются с течением времени с неопределенными и неточными результатами. Загад- ка того, как мусульмане, как отдельные лица и простые граж- дане, могут проживать в Новой Зеландии, также сложна, но в меньшей степени[13].
    keywords: herald; islam; muslims; new; new zealand; shepard; zealand; абдуллах; американский; ассоциаций; более; была; были; было; быть; в новой; все; всей; для; других; друри; журнал; зеландии; идентичности; или; ислама; исламской; истории; как; которые; многие; может; можно; мусульман; мусульманской; например; новозеландских; новой; новой зеландии; общества; общины; она; оцепенение; после; рамках; степени; также; том; традиции; федерации; что; чтобы; является
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        item: #1910 of 2426
          id: ajiss-341
      author: Lau, Ursula; Seedat, Mohamed; McRitchie, Victoria
       title: Discursive Constructions of the Israel-Hezbollah War: The Struggle for Representation
        date: 2011.0
       words: 12716
      flesch: 50
     summary: In resonance with this conceptualization of Islamaphobia, Deepak Kumar outlines specific discursive strategies that have achieved media prominence: Islam is a monolithic religion; Islam is a uniquely sexist re- ligion; the Muslim mind is incapable of rationality and science; Islam is inherently violent; and the West spreads democracy, while Islam spawns terrorism.31 Affirming Said’s argument,32 these media representations and images through their Manichean stance set up a presumed us-and-them polarization between the West and the global Muslim community,33 such that the latter are depicted as enemies to Western society.34 Discourse, War Journalism, and the Struggle for Representation The media, however, have drawn a chorus of conflicting criticism, some pro-Arab and others pro-Israel, concerning the broader Arab/Palestine- 7Discursive Constructions of the Israel-Hezbollah War Israeli conflict.35 Both contend that the North American media are biased in similar ways—for instance, in disproportionate, unfavorable reporting, cultural stereotyping of Arabs and Jews respectively, distorted views on the conflict, and reporting with double standards.36 What strikes as the pivotal basis in these disparate representations is the power of language in the media to influence, persuade, or alter public opinion. As the texts illustrate, in setting up Hezbollah as the hostile imposing force, as an enemy to Israel specifically and to the ideals of Western The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:216 democracy generally, pro-Israel texts reinforce another ideology— specifically one, which attests to the right of the existence of the State of Israel: 1.
    keywords: analysis; arab; august; conflict; discourse; guardian; hezbollah; hezbollah war; ideologies; ideology; israel; journal; july; lebanon; mail; media; news; palestinian; peace; social; south; star; sunday; texts; war; wenden
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        item: #1911 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3415
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: AJIS 40th Anniversary Editorial
        date: 2024.0
       words: 2342
      flesch: 52
     summary: I A L N Ot E  7 My recent research exploring how Muslim healthcare workers cope with anti-Muslim racism in the workplace drew attention to the disconnect between science and religion that medical students here expe- rience. I wanted this edition to speak to its readers in our current context, in this 2023 moment of anti-Muslim racism, war, humanitarian and climate crises, inflation, global poverty and injustice, in these times of confusion over faith and the difficulty of living a pious life.
    keywords: american; islamic; journal; muslim; social
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        item: #1912 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3417
      author: Dusuki, Asyraf Wajdi; Abdullah, Nurdianawati Irwani
       title: Maqasid al-Shari`ah, Maslahah, and Corporate Social Responsibility (2007)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 9610
      flesch: 52
     summary: Indeed, Islamic corporations should endeavor to be the epicenter in the business galaxy of promoting good CSR practices. For a detailed discussion of each source, refer to Abdul Karim Zaidan, Al-Madkhal li Dirasat al-Shari`ah al-Islamiyah (Baghdad: Maktabah al-Quds, 1985), 190-215.
    keywords: csr; islamic; l l; s l; shari`ah; social; u l
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        item: #1913 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3418
      author: Susamto, Akhmad Akbar
       title: Toward a New Framework of Islamic Economic Analysis (2020)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 8991
      flesch: 43
     summary: To explain why efforts to develop Islamic economics have not brought about the expected results, several authors dwell on a lack of research funding.24 For Siddiqi, the amount of public funds devoted to research in Islamic economics is insufficient.25 Others emphasize the relative his- torical youth of the discipline of modern Islamic economics, which—in contrast to the centuries of development of conventional economics—was only formalized a few decades ago.26 The discipline is still in its infancy. Justification to Develop Islamic Economics The development of Islamic economics has been justified with the argu- ment that there are “distinct Islamic responses” to economic problems,14 SUS AMtO: tOWARd A NE W FR AME WORK OF ISL AMIC EC ONOMIC ANALYSIS  39 on the presumption that particular economic approaches are “the logical outcome of the prevailing worldviews.”15
    keywords: actors; analysis; behavior; economics; economy; field; ideal; islamic; knowledge; methods; research; work; worldview
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        item: #1914 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3419
      author: Hamdeh, Emad
       title: Shaykh Google as Ḥāfiẓ al-Aṣr: The Internet, Traditional ʿUlamā’, and Self Learning (2020)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 16066
      flesch: 51
     summary: For example, see Muḥammad b. Jamāʿa, Tadhkirat al-Sāmiʿ wa-l-Mutakallim fī Adab al-ʿĀlim wa-l-Mutaʿalim (Beirut: Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiyya, 2012); Burhān al-Islām al-Zarnūjī, Taʿlīm al-Muttaʿallim Ṭarīq al-Taʿallum (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1981); In 1957, Zuhayr al-Shāwīsh (d. 2013), a Damascene Salafi, established a publishing house in Damascus, al-Maktab al-Islāmī, which early on built a reputation for H A M d E H: S H AYK H G
    keywords: authority; e h; e r; education; g l; h g; internet; islamic; knowledge; learning; m e; muslim; new; people; press; r n; scholars; student; teacher; texts; traditionalists; world; ʿulamāʾ; ḥadīth
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        item: #1915 of 2426
          id: ajiss-342
      author: Mogra, Dr. Imran
       title: On Being a Muslim Teacher in England: The Role of Faith and History in Educational Reflections
        date: 2011.0
       words: 11656
      flesch: 59
     summary: Drawing on data from research conducted using a life-history approach to discover the experiences of these teachers, it ex- amines the dynamics of teacher identity and the role of faith in schooling. This particular quote was selected to illustrate the complexity involved in understanding teacher identity, and it indicates the centrality of faith in the life of this
    keywords: education; faith; identity; life; muslim; religion; research; role; school; self; teacher; teacher identity; teaching; understanding; work
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        item: #1916 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3421
      author: Perry, Glenn E.
       title: Popular Sovereignty, Islam, and Democracy (2003)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 6510
      flesch: 50
     summary: The argument that divine sovereignty and popular sovereignty are opposite principles thus becomes the basis for arguing that Islam and democracy are fundamentally at odds, even if the analysis of this topic remains undeveloped.14 106  A M E R I C A N J O U R Thus the key to democracy is effec- tive popular control within various limits (e.g., the existence of certain immutable divine rules), not the abstruse doctrine of popular sovereignty (a form of absolutism), which indeed clashes with the Islamic notion of divine sovereignty, just as any form of human sovereignty, including the “popular” variety, today is increasingly coming to be viewed as a dangerous “ghost” that needs to be exorcised.32 P E R R Y: P O P
    keywords: democracy; divine; e r; law; people; r n; r r; sovereignty
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        item: #1917 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3422
      author: Zine, Jasmin
       title: Muslim Women and the Politics of Representation (2002)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 9711
      flesch: 51
     summary: However, many Muslim women writers who seek to reclaim discursive authority over how they are represented and named are resisting it.97 The meanings that have been inscribed on the Muslim woman’s body as “oppressed” or as a passive victim of patriarchal dom- ination provide limited ways of understanding the complex narratives through which Muslim women actually live their lives as actors and resistors. This paper examines the politics of knowledge production as it relates to Muslim women in western literary traditions and contemporary feminist writing, with a view to understanding the political, ideological, and economic mediations that have his- torically framed these representations.
    keywords: c s; e n; e p; e s; e t; h e; ibid; m e; muslim; n d; r e; r n; women
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        item: #1918 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3423
      author: Abdallah, Fadel
       title: Islam, Slavery, and Racism: The Use of Strategy in the Pursuit of Human Rights (1987)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 10236
      flesch: 71
     summary: Shawqi Abu Khalil, al-Islam fi qafas al-ittiham (Dar al-fikr, Damascus, 2nd ed., 1974), p. 165. 6 See Muhammad al-Bahi, al-Islam wa-al-riqq (Dar al-turath al-’Arabi, Cairo, 1979), p. 7. 7 See Bovill, op.
    keywords: cit; e r; islam; l l; prophet; qur’an; slavery; slaves
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        item: #1919 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3424
      author: Jackson, Sherman A.
       title: The Islamic Secular (2017)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 19764
      flesch: 50
     summary: (Cairo: al-Mak- tabah al-Azhariyyah li al-Turath, 2006), 2:38; Abd al-Rahim b. Ali b. al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh Zadeh, Naẓm al-Farā’id wa Jam` al-Fawā’id fī al-Masā’il al-Mukhtalaf fīhā bayna al-Sādah al-Ash`arīyah wa al-Sādah al-Māturīdīyah, Arabic MS. The Islamic secular, being non-shar`ī, would be subject to a discre- tionary ḥukm only when the latter clearly and uncontrovertibly served the community’s interest, what al-Qarafi termed al-maṣlaḥah al-rājiḥah aw al-khāliṣah.
    keywords: c o; c s; c u; e c; e r; e t; example; god; islamic; k s; law; m e; muslim; n j; non; r n; religion; religious; s e; s o; secular; shar`ī; sharia; state; u l
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        item: #1920 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3425
      author: Haque, Amber
       title: Psychology and Religion: Their Relationship and Integration from an Islamic Perspective (1998)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 9101
      flesch: 46
     summary: Later in the 18th century, Von Wolff distinguished between rational and empirical psychology,8 which paved the way for scientific psychology. This means that psychology studies (or should study, if consid- ered science) behavior in terms of variables that are subject to experimental scrutiny.
    keywords: behavior; e s; human; islamic; islamization; journal; knowledge; muslim; nature; psychological; psychologists; psychology; religion; s s; science; study
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        item: #1921 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3426
      author: Hashim, Rosnani
       title: Rethinking Islamic Education in Facing the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century (2005)*
        date: 2024.0
       words: 6849
      flesch: 60
     summary: I E t Y 4 1 : 1 The absence of Arabic from the curriculum of Islamic religious science is too glaring. However, given the nature and the core aim of Islamic religious sciences, this responsibility weighs heavier on those who teach them than those who teach the other subjects.
    keywords: curriculum; education; islamic; muslim; qur’an; school; students; teachers; teaching
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        item: #1922 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3428
      author: Bakour, Bachar
       title: Reconceptualizing Political Obedience in Islamic Thought: An Analytical Study of Ḥadīth Literature
        date: 2025.0
       words: 13592
      flesch: 56
     summary: Haykal, Al-Jihād, 1: 165-202; al-Mawsū‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaytiyyah, “al-Imāmah al-kubrā.” 116 Al-Ghannūshī, Al-Ḥurriyyāt al-‘Ammah fī al-Dawlah al-Islāmiyyah.
    keywords: abū; abū al; amr; athīr; authority; beirut; cairo; caliphate; community; dār al; fitnah; ibn al; islamic; jāmi; leaders; muslim; obedience; people; prophet; rebellion; ruler; thought; ulū al; uṣūl; ḥadīth
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        item: #1923 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3429
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Islamic Architecture: A World History: (By Eric Broug)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 2598
      flesch: 50
     summary: The images in the chapter then follow the ordering of 11th-18th century examples of gates, madrasas, tombs, mausoleums, a small zawiya (religious educational insti- tution) from Morocco followed by a similar range of examples from the 9th -17th centuries from Tunisia, and a range of very remote and vernacular structures to prominent institutions from the remaining African countries noted in this chapter including the 13th century earthen great mosque of Djenne in Mali and the beautifully sensitive 21st century Hikma mosque in Dandaji, Niger designed by Mariam Kamara and Yasaman Esmaili. In 2013, his densely insightful and instructive Islamic Geometric Design1 progressed from the work-book model he had previously published and included beautiful photographs of details from historical mosques and Islamic buildings from around the world.
    keywords: book; buildings; century; chapter; examples; mosque
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        item: #1924 of 2426
          id: ajiss-343
      author: Prakash, Om
       title: Undermined Syncretism: Origin and Consciousness of Muslim Separatism in Colonial South Asia
        date: 2011.0
       words: 9520
      flesch: 60
     summary: Did the two-nation concept exist in medieval India? T. W. Arnold describes the culture of tolerance in medieval India: Unbelievers have enjoyed under Mohammedan rule a measure of tolera- tion, the like of which is not to be found in Europe until quite modern times . . .
    keywords: ahmad; ali; british; community; congress; hindu; idea; india; islamic; khan; league; movement; muslim; national; pakistan; people; rule; separatism; social; state; syed
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        item: #1925 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3438
      author: Beka, Rezart
       title: The Reconceptualization of the Umma and Ummatic action in Abdullah Bin Bayyah’s Discourse
        date: 2024.0
       words: 16324
      flesch: 51
     summary: 11 Abdullah Bin Bayyah, “This is not the Path to Paradise: Response to ISIS,” Abu Dhabi, September 14, 2014, accessed September 30, 2022, http://binbayyah.net/english/ fatwa-response-to-isis/. 12 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 26. 13 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 21. 14 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 29. 15 Bin Bayyah, The Nation State, 21. 108 Diaz, “The Alliance of Virtue,”; Ahmed Salisu Garba, “The Prospects and Problems of the Marrakesh Declaration on the Rights of Religious Minorities in Muslim Majority Communities,” The Review of Faith & International Affairs 16, No. 4 (2018): 47-59 and Vebjørn L Horsfjord, “The Marrakesh Declaration on Rights of Religious Minorities: Opportunity or Dead End?” Nordic Journal of Human Rights 36, No. 2:151-166 109 Bin Bayyah, Hiwār, 173. 110 See, Abdullah Bin Bayyah, “Taʿlīq ʿ ala al-kitāb: Ishqaliyyāt al-ridda wa al-murtadīn li al-ʿalāmat Ṭāha al-ʿUlwānī”, accessed May 1, 2023, https://binbayyah.net/arabic/ archives/400.
    keywords: bin bayyah; c o; c t; charter; citizenship; discourse; e c; e r; e t; f t; h e; islamic; m e; medina; muslim; n j; nation; r n; state; t h; u m
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        item: #1926 of 2426
          id: ajiss-344
      author: Abdullah, Fatimah
       title: Human Behavior from an Islamic Perspective: Interaction of Nature, Nurture, and the Spiritual Dimension
        date: 2011.0
       words: 8453
      flesch: 56
     summary: In Islam, persons who are able to control themselves from their lust will obtain the higher level of spiritual achievement (al-nafs al-mutma’innah). These blessed psychospiritual gifts can only be attained through true submission in which Muslims continue to use the intellectual powers of their rational soul to domesticate and dominate their animalistic powers until they attain the elevated status of the tranquil soul (al-nafs al-muÏma’innah) Qur’an (89:27–30).27 Islam teaches that the body also possesses an importance and a benefi- cial role in relation to the spirit.
    keywords: allah; behavior; fitrah; ghazali; god; hadith; heart; human; islamic; nature; people; personality; prophet; soul
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        item: #1927 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3442
      author: Анджум, Овамир
       title: От редакции
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1259
      flesch: 98
     summary: Однако подобное рассуждение будет считаться простым мошенничеством или воровством в соответствии со старым исламским правом. Но, чтобы было ясно, запрет на получение наследства мусульманином от немусуль- манина не уничтожает имущества, а просто переупорядочивает его; и легко представить случаи, когда именно запрет благо- приятствовал обращению в ислам (например, если умерший родственник был мусульманином).
    keywords: американский; или; как; камали; мак̣а̄с̣ид; что
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        item: #1928 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3443
      author: К АМАЛИ, МОХАММАД ХАШИМ
       title: История и юриспруденция мак̣а̄с̣ид: критическая оценка
        date: 2024.0
       words: 8881
      flesch: 102
     summary: В качестве пояснения можно сказать, что в Буквалисты склонны были рассматри- вать шарӣ‘а как набор заповедей и запретов, которые компе- тентные лица (мукаллафӣн) должны соблюдать в духе подчи- нения, не вникая в их намерения и цели.
    keywords: более; были; быть; вопросы; все; всех; даже; для; его; если; жизнь; журнал; ибн; иджтиха̄д; или; ислама; история; как; камали; касается; когда; коран; которые; людей; мак̣а̄с̣ид; мак̣а̄с̣ид ал; мак̣ас̣̄ид; могут; может; можно; мохаммад; например; них; образом; общества; однако; они; отношении; поскольку; следует; также; таким; текста; тем; того; только; том; ус̣ӯл; ус̣ӯл ал; фик̣х; хашим; целей; целом; цель; что; чтобы; шарӣ‘а; шатиби; это; юриспруденция; является
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        item: #1929 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3444
      author: Х ЕЛМИ, ЙОМНА
       title: От исламского модернизма к теоретизированию авторитаризма: Бин Баййа и политизация мак̣а̄с̣ид-дискурса
        date: 2024.0
       words: 11588
      flesch: 99
     summary: Соответственно, он требовал, чтобы мусульман- ские законоведы использовали свои рассуждения для изучения действительности своих обществ, чтобы определить, что при- носит пользу обществу и что само общество считает полез- ным[37]. Тем не менее, когда он дает определение совре- менному государству, Бин Баййа принимает теорию Макса Вебера, утверждающую, что государство имеет право приме- нять физическое принуждение и угнетение в пределах данной территории при условии прозрачности и добросовестного использования этого права.
    keywords: ibid; islamic; law; авторитаризма; баййа; более; был; были; быть; да̄р; демократии; для; его; журнал; ибн; или; ислама; исламских; исламского; источников; йомна; к̣арад̣а̄вӣ; как; качестве; которая; которые; мак̣а̄с̣ид; мак̣а̄с̣ид аш; мас̣лах̣и; модернизма; может; мусульманских; мух̣аммад; на мак̣а̄с̣ид; оаэ; образом; общества; однако; они; ориентированный; отношении; подход; права; правовой; правовых; против; реформаторов; рид̣а̄; также; таким; тем; теоретизированию; теории; того; том; ус̣ӯл; ус̣ӯл ал; утверждает; ученых; фик̣х; хелми; целей; человека; что; чтобы; ша̄т̣ибӣ; ша̄фи‘ӣ; шарӣ‘а; является
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        item: #1930 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3446
      author: СУФИ, Йусеф
       title: До мак̣а̄с̣ид: раскрытие видения оспариваемых выгод (мас̣а̄лих̣) в классической шафи‘итской школе
        date: 2024.0
       words: 11962
      flesch: 103
     summary: Но я также подчеркивал, что в классической модели оспаривание выгоды гораздо более заметно, чем в современной модели мак̣а̄си̣д. Мы можем видеть, что ал-Джувайни интерпретирует Писание через призму выгоды в известном диспуте, который произошел в 1083 году в
    keywords: ibid; islamic; law; абу; американский; бейрут; более; брака; бурха̄н; быть; время; выгоды; выгоды в; газали; дар ал; джувайни; для; должен; его; если; журнал; закона; и ал; ибн; изд; или; ислама; йусеф; к̣иблы; как; когда; которые; маварди; мак̣а̄с̣ид; между; могут; модель; может; например; образом; общества; они; опекунства; права; правоведы; правовой; правовых; причины; суфи; также; таким; теории; того; том; ус̣ӯл ал; утверждает; фик̣х; человеческой; что; что ал; чтобы; шафи‘итов; шафи‘итской; шафи‘иты; ширази; это; является
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        item: #1931 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3447
      author: Бека, Резарт
       title: Мак̣а̄с̣ид и обновление исламской правовой теории в дискурсе ‘Абдуллаха бин Баййа
        date: 2024.0
       words: 14232
      flesch: 100
     summary: Цитируется в Бин Баййа, Иса̄ра̄т, 73; Маша̄хид, 119–120. 87. Цитируется в Бин Баййа, Иса̄ра̄т, 84.
    keywords: hallaq; islamic; law; аналогия; баййа; бека; более; в исламской; в правовой; внимание; да̄р; для; его; журнал; и в; иджтиха̄да; или; иса̄ра̄т; ислама; ислама и; исламского; исламской правовой; истидла̄л; как; когда; которая; которые; мак̣а̄с̣ид; мак̣а̄с̣ид для; мак̣ас̣̄ид; маша̄хид; между; менее; мнению; может; например; обновление; обновление исламской; обоснования; образом; общества; они; отношении; постановления; права; правовая; правового; правовой теории; правовых; представляет; резарт; роль; системы; следовательно; случае; случаях; собой; состоит; структуру; также; таким; та‘лӣл; текста; текстов; тем; теории и; того; ус̣ӯл; утверждает; фик̣х; хотя; цели; что; чтобы; шарӣ‘а; эти; это; этой; этом; этот; юридической; является
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        item: #1932 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3448
      author: ЛОУРЕНС, БРЮС Б.
       title: Коранические истории: Бог, Откровение и аудитория
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1987
      flesch: 96
     summary: Как и в случае с идеальной религиозной субъективностью, Шейх утверждает, что для ал-Мух̣а̄сибӣ внутреннее состояние человека имеет решающее значение для идеальной моральной субъективности (63). В этом процессе, кото- рый Адо называет «духовным упражнением», читатель вступает в диалогические отношения с текстом, основанные на его восприятии мира, в герменевтические отношения, в высшей степени рефлексивные, личные и основанные на практике, и, таким образом, предполагающие пристальное изучение и, если необходимо, пересмотр наиболее глубоко укоренившихся убеж- дений (18).
    keywords: для; идеальной; или; как; которые; мух̣а̄сибӣ; нурси; образом; религиозной; субъективности; человека; что; шейх
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        item: #1933 of 2426
          id: ajiss-345
      author: Adeel, M. Ashraf
       title: Modernity and Muslims: Toward a Selective Retrieval
        date: 2011.0
       words: 19559
      flesch: 48
     summary: In the present conditions of the world, where half of the world population lives on less than a two-dollar-a-day subsidy that a cow receives in Europe, how can one expect the huge populations of the de- veloping Muslim world to believe that the West is playing fair with them in the current economic order. Toward a Selective Retrieval1 M. Ashraf Adeel Abstract This article is focused on some conditions in today’s world of globalized media, which are producing either an uncritical ac- quiescence or fright in Muslim societies as a result of the in- teraction between these societies and the contemporary West- ern powers that represent modernity and postmodernity on the global stage.
    keywords: american; cultures; ethics; globalization; human; islamic; journal; media; modernity; modernization; muslim; new; point; press; qur’an; reality; reason; science; social; societies; technology; today; universal; village; way; west; world
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        item: #1934 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3452
      author: ТАШТАН, ОСМАН
       title: Исламская теология в Турецкой Республике: ФИЛИП ДОРРОЛЛ (Philip Dorroll)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1302
      flesch: 101
     summary: Как и в других сурах, начинающихся с этих разрозненных букв, они появляются в начале, чтобы подчеркнуть авторитетное послание, которое за ними следует, так что первые три стиха Сурат Йӯсуф читаются (в переводе Абдел Халима 2010 года, который она предпочитает на всем протяжении книги): 12: 1 Алиф Лам Ра. Точно так же во второй главе «Бог, семьи и секреты в истории из Сурат Марйам 19: 1–58» мы обнаружи- ваем, что структура этой истории еще раз усиливает привиле- гированное и всеведущее положение Бога настолько, что Бог как повествователь также становится частью истории, которую Он Сам раскрывает.
    keywords: алхассен; бог; или; истории; как; корана; она; сурат; что
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        item: #1935 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3453
      author: МУРАТ, ТАЛХА
       title: Суфизм в Османском Египте: распространение, обновление и авторитет в XVII и XVIII веках: РАШИДА ЧИХ (Rachida Chih)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1288
      flesch: 98
     summary: В целом эта книга умело раскрывает стратегическую взаимосвязь религии и государства, а также влиятельную роль государства в определении бого- словских дискурсов и представлений в рамках ханафитско- матуридитской линии исламского богословия в турецком официальном публичном пространстве как в османскую эпоху, так и в республиканской Турции. Примечательно, что в книге не упоминаются алавиты или алавизм, который остается большой проблемой серьезной теополитической напряженности как в теоретическом, так и в практическом религиозном, социальном и политическом общественном контекстах Турции.
    keywords: богословия; главе; государства; дорролл; как; образом; османской; что
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        item: #1936 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3454
      author: МЮГЛЕР, ДЖОШУА
       title: Христианская монашеская жизнь во времена раннего ислама: БР ЭДЛИ Б О УМЕН (Bradley Bowman)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 730
      flesch: 101
     summary: С этой целью автор внимательно изучает различные жанры и практики, связанные с «путем Мухаммада», такие нарративы как тас̣лийа (призывание Божьего благословения Пророку Му- х̣аммаду), мавлид (празднование рождения Пророка Мух̣ам- мада) и ми‘радж (небесное вознесение Пророка Мух̣аммада). 166  АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 38:3–4 Суфизм в Османском Египте: распространение, обновление и авторитет в XVII и XVIII веках ___________________________________ Нью-йорк: Рутледж, 2019.
    keywords: xviii; автор; для; как
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        item: #1937 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3455
      author: ЛУКАС, СКОТТ
       title: Продолжение традиции: социальная и интеллектуальная история передачи хадисов на протяжении тысячи лет: ГАРРЕТТ А . ДЭВИДСОН (Garrett A. Davidson)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1213
      flesch: 96
     summary: Однако он также отмечает, что налоговый режим Халифата мог являться экономическим бременем для монастырей, и что особенно пострадали халкидонские монастыри, поскольку они были отрезаны от своих имперских источников финансиро- вания и поддержки. Иногда организация книги несколько неясна, что приводит к повторениям, таким как повторяющееся обсуждение Салма̄на ал-Фа̄рисӣ, время от времени в транслитерации встречаются незначительные несоответствия.
    keywords: боумен; были; ислама; как; монахов; мусульмане; что
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        item: #1938 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3456
      author: БАЛЛОК, КЭТРИН
       title: Тебе в лицо: закон, справедливость и носящие никаб женщины в Канаде: НАТАША БАХТ (Natasha Bakht)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 2183
      flesch: 97
     summary: Эта книга необходима для прочтения всем, кто изучает суннитские науки в постканонический период хадисов, особенно в доосманский период. Она также указывает на проблемы, с которыми исследователи столкнутся при изучении передачи хадисов в османский период, когда сведения о прослушивании становятся очень редкими, хотя это может быть компенси- ровано большим количеством рукописей, сохранившихся с того периода.
    keywords: для; дэвидсон; иджаз̄ы; или; как; книги; передачи; период; прослушивании; также; традиции; ученые; хадисов; цепочки; что
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        item: #1939 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3457
      author: ДРУРИ, АБДУЛЛАХ
       title: Мусульманские резолюции: реакция боснийцев на зверства Второй мировой войны в Боснии и Герцеговине: ХИКМЕТКАРЧИЧ, Ф ЕРИД ДАУ ТОВИЧ, ЭРМИН СИНАНОВИЧ, РЕДАК ТОРЫ (Hikmet Karčić, Ferid Dautović, and Ermin Sinanović, eds.)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1549
      flesch: 100
     summary: Бахт говорит: «Несмотря на то, что в Канаде было много споров по поводу никаба, в моих интервью с носящими никаб женщинами я была поражена тем, насколько наполненными и счастливыми казались многие из них» (146). когда закон отказывается от логики и допускает последствия, которые в любом другом контексте считались бы возмутительными, утверждение Шерин Разак о том, что запрет на ноше- ние никаба является призывом к женщинам-мусуль- манкам уступить сексуальному и расовому пре- восходству, звучит правдоподобно.
    keywords: бахт; женщин; как; которые; никаб; носящих; она; они; что; чтобы
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        item: #1940 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3458
      author: ХЬЮСТОН, СЭМ
       title: Создание идеальных мусульманских субъектов: дискурсивные практики, формирование субъекта и мусульманская этика: ФАРАЗ МАС УД ШЕЙХ (Faraz Masood Sheikh)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1086
      flesch: 109
     summary: Это государственное образование включало в себя всю современную Боснию и Герцеговину с почти одним миллионом коренных мусульман. Центр исследований ислама в современном мире, 2021.
    keywords: более; боснии; или; книга; резолюции; что
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        item: #1941 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3459
      author: НАЙМАН, СИБЕЛЬ
       title: Ислам и психология: исследовательские подходы, теоретическое и практическое значение
        date: 2024.0
       words: 2035
      flesch: 88
     summary: Семинар на тему «Мусульмане в психотерапии, психи- атрии и консультировании: подход с учетом культурных особен- ностей» под руководством профессора д-ра Ахмеда А. Карима (нейропсихолог, психотерапевт, Тюбинген, Германия) начался с изучения проблем, с которыми сталкиваются специалисты в области психического здоровья в работе с пациентами-мусуль- манами: например, недоверие к психотропным препаратам, стигматизация, стыд, приписывание психических заболеваний джиннам и магии. Применяя методы исламского богословия, Чизари достаточно дифференцировал явления, подлежащие исследованию, относительно их вида бытия, которое – за исключением бытия Бога – подразделяется на субстанции (джава̄хир) и акциденции (а‘ра̄д) и их взаимодействия друг с другом.
    keywords: для; ислама; исламских; исламской; как; между; подходов; психологии; психотерапию; также; что
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        item: #1942 of 2426
          id: ajiss-346
      author: Bouzenita, Dr. Anke Iman
       title: The Dilemmas of Islamic Bioethics in the Twenty-first Century: “Being a Stranger in a Strange land” (Or: Procrustes1 “Islamized”)
        date: 2011.0
       words: 13465
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, reflections of the general paradigm change and questions of how Islamic medical ethics relate in an imported un-Islamic setting in the Islamic world, were generally not made.52 This stratum of public health policy is vital to set the societal frame- work for the life sciences and bioethics. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28:146 already estranged Islamic context to be answered, and describes the evolving dilemmas that make Islamic bioethics appear like a stranger moving in a strange land.
    keywords: american; bioethics; brain; century; death; dilemmas; fiqh; human; ibid; islamic; law; life; medical; muslim; organ; person; questions; research; sciences; social; world
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        item: #1943 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3460
      author: АХМАД, ИМАД-АД-ДИН
       title: Наследие интеллектуальной реформы Абдул Хамида А. Абу Сулаймана
        date: 2024.0
       words: 3874
      flesch: 99
     summary: Сулайман здраво- мысляще признает, что впоследствии «Омейяды одержали верх, поскольку исламская элита и правоведы в конечном итоге поддержали их по той причине, что они, Омейяды, были в лучшем положении для сохранения центрального положения и единства мусульманского государства»[16]. Он не уклоняется от использования различий между школами по таким основным вопросам жизни и смерти, как природа и обязательность джихада, применимость мусульманских юридических нака- заний к немусульманским подданным, последствия убийства мусульманами немусульманских подданных, широта прав немусульман на получение статуса лиц, пользующихся покро- вительством (выплата джизйи), и диапазон мирных жителей, которых запрещено атаковать во время войны – все это для того, чтобы проиллюстрировать, что даже в классической мысли не существует консенсуса, тем самым открывая дверь для вдумчивого анализа[9].
    keywords: abusulayman; ibid; iiit; islamic; абдул; абу; было; для; должны; его; или; ислама; исламской; как; которые; между; мысли; сулайман; таким; только; хамида; что; чтобы; это
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        item: #1944 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3461
      author: Mahamid, Hatim; Abu Alhaija, Younis
       title: Popular Religious Preaching as Informal Education and its Impact on Medieval Islamic Culture
        date: 2024.0
       words: 11086
      flesch: 52
     summary: On al-Mu‘tazila, its development and its most important intellectual views and works, see Muḥammad Salīm al-‘Awwā, al-Madāris al-Fikriyya al-Islāmiyya, (Beirut: An example of this is the gathering held during the reign of the Mamluk Sultan al-Mu’ayyad Shaykh in 818/1415, which was intended to examine the religious knowledge of Shams al-Dīn al-Rāzī al-Harawī (d. 829/1426), especially in the sciences of Hadith and the Sunna of the Prophet.
    keywords: assemblies; culture; education; gatherings; ibn; ibn al; islamic; knowledge; mahamid; mamluk; medieval; preachers; preaching; public; rulers; sufi; sultan; ulamā; vol
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        item: #1945 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3468
      author: Latif, Muhammad Asad
       title: Prophet al-Khiḍr: Between the Qur’anic Text and Islamic Contexts: (By IRFAN A. OMAR)
        date: 2025.0
       words: 1435
      flesch: 49
     summary: A variety of localized holy sites, each with its own narratives of Khiḍr’s appearances, have been built by Khiḍr shrines, according to certain folk- loric and cultural expressions of the story. American Journal of Islam and Society Vol 42 No 3-4.indb 148 Prophet al-Khiḍr: Between the Qur’anic Text and Islamic Contexts L O N D O N : L E X I N G T O N B
    keywords: islamic; khiḍr; narrative; omar
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        item: #1946 of 2426
          id: ajiss-347
      author: Kızılkaya, Necmettin
       title: An Outline of the Historical Evolution of Qawā‘id Literature in Islamic Law
        date: 2011.0
       words: 11251
      flesch: 73
     summary: Joseph Schacht mentions al-qawā‘id al-fiqhiyyah in the glossary of his An Introduction to Islamic Law as “rules” and “the technical principles of positive law.”17 The author derived al-qawā‘id al-fiqhiyyah from the prominent Mālikī al-Qādī ‘Abd al-Wahhāb’s (d. 422/1031)
    keywords: abd; abd al; abū; allāh; ashbāh; aḥmad; beirut; dār; dār al; dīn; fiqhiyyah; ibn; ibn al; islamic; jurists; law; lebanon; literature; muḥammad; naẓā’ir; principles; qawā‘id; qawā‘id al; qā‘idah; vol; wa al; works
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        item: #1947 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3470
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Küreselleşmeden: Sahiden Uzaklaşıyor muyuz? Ve Bu Konuda Ne Yapabiliriz?
        date: 2024.0
       words: 6527
      flesch: 52
     summary: !23('+'44'56'1'0%$-7*1'0%89-.4-5/:;(%6<:<9=%>'%?<%2;0<1-%@'%A-B-C*4*(*9= Guehenno’ya göre ulus, Avrupa’ya özgü bir fikirdi; toplumsal, dini, ırksal ya da etnik bir grup değildi; “tarihsel etmenlerin özgün bir kombinasyonunun ürünüydü ve hiçbir zaman tek bir boyuta indirgenemezdi… [ulus] insanları ne oldukları üzerinden değil birlikteliklerinin ortak hafızasında bir araya getirir.” Öyleyse ulus devletin zayıflamasını, birkaç senede ya da on yılda bir gerçekleşen sıradan ayaklanmalar ve devrimler olarak değil, bu döneme ait çok mühim bir gelişme olarak değerlendirmek gerekir.
    keywords: a.g.e; abd; askeri; aynı; başka; bile; bir; büyük; daha; dair; devletin; değil; değildir; diğer; dünya; dünyanın; ekolojik; ekonomik; fakat; farklı; gelen; gibi; göre; güç; güçlü; hem; iki; ile; insanların; ise; için; kadar; kapitalist; kapitalizmin; karşı; kuzey; kültürel; küresel; küreselleşmenin; müslüman; olan; olarak; olduğu; olmayan; olsa; pek; piyasa; press; sahip; serbest; siyasi; son; sosyal; tarafından; tek; toplumsal; ulus; ulusal; uzun; world; yani; yaşam; yeni; yeniden; yerel; yol; çok; üretim; şekilde
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        item: #1948 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3472
      author: Nuriler, Hatice
       title: İslam ve Toplum Araştırmaları, Amerika Dergisi (AJIS) Hakkında
        date: 2024.0
       words: 883
      flesch: 57
     summary: Derginin ilk sayısı, 1984 yılında merhum Dr. Abdülhamid Ebu Süleyman, Dr. Sulayman S. Nyang ve Dr. Mumtaz Ahmad gibi değerli isimlerin öncülü- ğünde, American Journal of Islamic Studies (İslam Çalışmaları Dergisi, Ame- rika, AJIS) adıyla Amerika Müslüman Sosyal Bilimciler Derneği (Association of Muslim Social Scientists, AMSS) Bu metinde, küreselleşme son- rası bir safha olarak görülen “Küreselleşmeden Uzaklaşma (deglobalization)”
    keywords: ajis; akademik; amerika; araştırmaları; bir; dergisi; farklı; i̇slam; olarak; toplum
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        item: #1949 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3473
      author: Hamdeh, emad
       title: Bir Modern Zamanlar Alimi Olarak Şeyh Google: İnternet, Geleneksel Ulema ve Kendi Kendine Öğrenme: (Çev. Ahmet Arif Günaydın)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 12595
      flesch: 56
     summary: geçmiş kurum ve kişilerle kurulan bağ yatmaktadır; bu bağlar için Peygamber’e kadar uzanan isnat, bir hocadan alınan icazet ya da bir Sufi şeyhine bağlılık gösteren mürit örnek gös- terilebilir.[8] William Graham “Gelenekçiliğin” değişimi reddediş olmadığını, ancak toplumun reformu için yegane sağlıklı yolun model oluşturan bir geçmiş ve bir kişiyle kurulacak bağ olduğuna dair inanç olduğunu belirtir. Gelenekçi Müslüman alim- ler, bilginin bir hocadan bir talebeye iletilmesi ile otoritenin oluşturulduğuna ve aktarıldığına inanırlar.
    keywords: 04-(%!4; 6*%;4-(-.%f':7%g;;)4; abū; adına; alimi; alimler; alimlerin; ancak; artık; aynı; ayrıca; açıdan; başka; belirtir; bilgi; bilginin; bir; birlikte; bkz; büyük; daha; dair; değildir; dini; diğer; doğru; dār; ebu; entelektüel; etmek; eğitim; eğitimin; fakat; geleneksel; gelenekçiler; genelde; geçmiş; ghudda; gibi; göre; hadis; hakkında; hem; hocadan; hocanın; hukuki; ibn; ile; ilmi; insanların; internet; ise; islamic; için; i̇slami; i̇slam’ın; journal; kabul; kadar; karşı; kendi; kendine; kutsal; law; manevi; matbaanın; media; metinleri; metni; meydan; modern; muhammed; mümkün; müslüman; müslümanların; new; olan; olarak; olduğu; olmadan; olması; ortaya; osmanlı; otorite; otoritenin; pek; peygamber’in; press; sahip; sistemi; sonra; studies; sıradan; tarafından; ulema; ulemanın; university; ya da; yalnızca; yanlış; yeni; yeniden; yerine; yol; zaman; çevrim; çok; çünkü; önce; önemli; örneğin; öğrenci; öğrencilerin; öğrenme; üzerinden; üzerine; şekilde; şey
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        item: #1950 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3474
      author: Susamto, Akhmad Akbar
       title: İslâmi İktisat Analizinin Yeni Bir Çerçevesine Doğru: (Çev. Ayşenur Topal)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 7079
      flesch: 49
     summary: diyerek ha- yıflanmaktadır.[7] Choudhury daha önce; “İslâmi iktisat, ana akım iktisat teo- rilerinin hepten bir kölesi haline geldi”[8] ve İslâmi iktisadın, bir çalışma alanı olarak “etik davranışa, neo-klasik yaklaşımdan başka bir şey olmadığı.” Giriş Yarım yüzyıldan fazla bir süredir, Müslüman alimler çağdaş ekonomi pratikleri ve politikalarını İslâmi bir perspektiften incelemekle meşguller.[1]
    keywords: aktörlerin; alanı; ancak; arasındaki; aynı; bilgi; bir; bkz; chapra; choudhury; daha; dair; değildir; dünya; economics; ekonomik; etmek; farklı; fiili; gibi; göre; ideal; iktisadın; iktisat; ile; islamic; için; i̇slam; i̇slâmi; i̇slâmi iktisadın; i̇slâmi olarak; journal; kabul; kahf; konvansiyonel; makale; mevcut; müslüman; nasıl; neden; nedenle; olan; olarak; olduğunu; ortaya; research; siddiqi; temel; veya; zaman; çalışma; şekilde
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        item: #1951 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3475
      author: March, Andrew
       title: Egemenlik öncesi İslami Meşrutiyetçilik: 1861 Tunus Anayasası’nın İki Müdafaası: (Çev. Muhammed Halid Alboğa)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 13945
      flesch: 56
     summary: %*+%,-.(/)%!0!1,#0)!(!0#%2+03'$'4%!)+0'5! Bu makalenin amacı, yirminci yüzyılda halifelik sonrası İslamcı düşünceye karşıtlık oluşturan, İslami modernite için çok önemli olan bir safhayı incelemek- tir. Bu ge- lişmeye yol açan süreç, ayrılmaz bir şekilde Afrika ve Orta Doğu’daki artan Av- rupa müdahalesi ile bağlantılıydı.
    keywords: a.g.e; adalet; ahlaki; allah’ın; anayasal; ancak; ancak bu; arasında; atıfta; aynı; açısından; bazı; belirli; bey; bile; bin; bin diyâf; bir; birlikte; bkz; brown; bununla; burada; büyük; daha; dair; devlet; devletin; değil; değildir; dini; diyâf; diğer; dokuzuncu; doğrudan; eden; eder; edilen; egemenlik; ehlü’l; etme; geleneksel; genel; gibi; göre; hakkında; halkın; hatta; hayreddin; hem; hem de; herhangi; hiçbir; hukukun; hükümdarın; hüseyni; ihlal; iki; ilahi; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; ilk; islamic; itaat; için; i̇bn; i̇slami; kabul; kadar; kamu; kanun; karşı; kendi; kişisel; konusunda; kurucu; madde; meclis; mevcut; modern; mutlak; müslüman; nedenle; olan; olarak; olduğu; olduğunu; olmayan; opqo%r<0<+%!0-:-+-+/0/0%h.*%d31; ortaya; osmanlı; otorite; paşa; paşa’nın; press; s--+/; sadece; sahip; siyaset; siyasi; sonra; söz; tam; tanzimat; tarafından; tek; temel; teorisi; tunus; tüm; tür; university; veya; ve’l; yalnızca; yeni; yerine; yetki; yol; yöneticinin; yönetim; yüksek; yürütme; yüzyıl; zamanda; ziyade; çok; çünkü; öncesi; önemli; ümmetin; üzerindeki; üzerine; şekilde; şeriat
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        item: #1952 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3476
      author: Ahsan, Abbas
       title: Düşüncenin Sınır Taşları Ötesinde TANRI: (Çev. Suna Nur Sarıhan Güneş)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 16422
      flesch: 60
     summary: Tükenmeyi empoze etmek, klasik mantığın, bir nesnenin bir yüklemin uzantısında veya genişleme karşıtlığın- da başarısız olduğu herhangi bir olası durumu tanımaması anlamına gelir. Bu tür durumlarda, bir yüklemin bir nesneye göre hem doğru hem de yanlış olduğu olası bir durum yoktur.
    keywords: 0%$/0/(%r-54-(/%uj'+*01'%r!@v; 3530t'0; akıl; alternatif; ancak; anlamda; anlamına; arasında; argüman; atıfta; aynı; bazı; bağlı; bağımsız; başka; belirli; bilgi; bilişsel; bir; bir şekilde; birlikte; bizim; bu nedenle; bu tür; bunun; bununla; böyle; daha; dereceden; değildir; dizi; dolayısıyla; doğru; durum; dünya; düşünce; eder; elde; ele; epistemik; etmek; eğer; farklı; gelir; genel; gerekli; gerçek; gerçekler; gerçeğin; gibi; göre; görecelik; göreceliğin; hakikat; hakkında; hayal; hem; herhangi; herhangi bir; hiçbir; iddia; ifade; ifadeler; iki; ikinci; ile; ilgili; imkânsız; insan; ise; izin; için; içinde; kabul; kadar; kant’ın; karşı; karşılık; kavramsal; kendi; klasik; krausz; mantıksal; mantıksal olarak; mantığın; mutlak; mümkün; nasıl; nedeni; nedenle; olabilir; olacaktır; olan; olarak; olası; olduğu; olduğunu; olmadığı; olmayan; onları; ortaya; oxford; philosophy; press; referans; rölativist; rölativistler; sadece; sahip; sonucu; sonuç; tamamen; tanrı’nın; tarafından; temel; temsil; teolojik; truth; tüm; tür; university; var; veya; yalnızca; yani; yanlış; yasaları; yerine; yine; yoktur; zaman; zamanda; çelişmezlik; çok; çünkü; önce; önemli; örneğin; şekilde; şeye; şeyin
       cache: ajiss-3476.pdf
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        item: #1953 of 2426
          id: ajiss-348
      author: Yousif, Ahmad F.
       title: Strategies for Enhancing the Understanding of Islam in the Media
        date: 2011.0
       words: 7983
      flesch: 48
     summary: November 12–13, 2001, Tunis; and the International Symposium on “The Muslim World Image in Western Media; between Fairness and Bias.” The term Western media used in this paper, refers to all forms of mass media that originate from Western countries and report events from a Western point of view.
    keywords: american; countries; events; information; international; islam; islamic; journalists; media; muslim; new; non; press; understanding; western; world
       cache: ajiss-348.pdf
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        item: #1954 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3483
      author: Ali, Tazeen
       title: Muslims of the Heartland: How Syrian Immigrants Made a Home in the American Midwest: (By Edward E. Curtis IV)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1662
      flesch: 48
     summary: Other notable narratives that Curtis brings to the surface are those of Syrian Muslim women who played significant public roles in institu- tion building and communal life. Indeed, Curtis shows that ethnic-religious congregations actually served as a “vehicle of assimilation” for Syrian Muslims as they were centers of community across sectarian and religious traditions (p. 12).
    keywords: muslims
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  plain text: ajiss-3483.txt

        item: #1955 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3488
      author: Friedmann, Yohanan
       title: Perilous Intimacies: Debating Hindu-Muslim Friendship After Empire: (By SherAli Tareen)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 3286
      flesch: 56
     summary: It is somewhat surprising that the Muslim side did not mention the “inim- itability of the Qurʾān” (iʿjāz al-Qurʾān) which was the most important miracle proving the truth of Islam in classical Muslim theology. He found support for his position in Qurʾān 60:8-92 which allows friendship with non-Muslims who do not fight the Muslims and do not expel them from their homes.
    keywords: islam; muslim; religions
       cache: ajiss-3488.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3488.txt

        item: #1956 of 2426
          id: ajiss-350
      author: Bolton, Caitlyn
       title: Making Africa Legible: Kiswahili Arabic and Orthographiic Romanization in Colonial Zanzibar
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7327
      flesch: 49
     summary: Ali Mazrui often told the larger stories of Africa, and in the case of Swahili his copious writings focus on its centrality in the political, religious, and eco- nomic spheres of the region spanning Kinshasa to Mombasa.2 Yet the story of the Romanization of Swahili orthography was a very personal one for him, as his father Shaykh Al-Amin b. Ali Mazrui was the chief voice opposing it in 1930s coastal Kenya.3 Drawing upon archival materials in English, Arabic, and Swahili from the Zanzibar National Archives, I tell here the local story of this orthographic shift in Zanzibar, the site chosen as the standard Swahili for the region: from the early missionaries’ first Swahili grammars and their at- tempts to “purify” Swahili of Arabic’s influence in their “conversion of Africa from the East,” to British colonial promotion of a standardized “literary” Swahili, to local Arab and Muslim opposition to Kiswahili Roman, and to the eventual colonial remorse as the orthographic shift facilitated an irreversible generational gap and social breakdown. Alongside Hausa, Wolof, and other African languages, the Romanization of Swahili orthography was part of a project to make Africa more legible to Europeans.
    keywords: africa; arabic; colonial; education; government; language; letters; local; orthography; roman; script; swahili; writing; zanzibar
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        item: #1957 of 2426
          id: ajiss-351
      author: Mrani, Moulay Rachid
       title: Values and Gender Equality between Islam and the West: Mazrui's Struggle for a System of Universal Values
        date: 2016.0
       words: 6829
      flesch: 49
     summary: Mazrui asserts that the assumption that Islam, as a referent, is completely incongruous with western values or as a threat to humanistic and western values is not only erroneous, but actually dangerous. Thus, it is the duty of everyone, when dealing with values, to differen- tiate between provocation, which may lead to violence or even death, and freedom of expression.23 The media practices this responsible attitude when it deals with issues that concern western values.
    keywords: freedom; gender; islam; islamic; mazrui; message; muslim; new; societies; values; west; women
       cache: ajiss-351.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-351.txt

        item: #1958 of 2426
          id: ajiss-352
      author: Vaid, Mobeen
       title: Can Islam Accommodate Homosexual Acts? Qur’anic Revisionism and the Case of Scott Kugle
        date: 2017.0
       words: 24917
      flesch: 57
     summary: This maxim runs counter to the one that applies to human actions in general, namely, al-aṣl fī al-ashyāʾ al-ibāḥa (actions are permissible by default unless specifically prohibited by the Sacred Law). Indeed, in the realm of sexuality, the cardinal legal axiom (qāʿidah fiqhīyah) regarding sexual behavior in Islamic law is al-aṣl fī al-abḍāʿ al-taḥrīm (i.e., all sexual acts are prohibited by default except those explicitly permitted by the sacred law).44 Accordingly, even persons who ex- perience unelected and exclusive same-sex attractions – such that marriage, for instance, may not be a viable option given their lack of any erotic attraction to the opposite sex – are nevertheless subject to the law’s objective parameters and required to observe abstinence if necessary.
    keywords: acts; ajiss34; book; daughters; desire; diversity; final_ajiss; god; hadith; hazm; homosexuality; ibid; ibn; intercourse; islamic; journal; kugle; lot; male; men; muslim; page; people; qaṣaṣ; qur’an; sciences; sex; tabari; tradition; vaid; women
       cache: ajiss-352.pdf
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        item: #1959 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3525
      author: Belhaj, Abdessamad
       title: Political Loyalty in Reformist Islamic Ethics: Resources and Limits
        date: 2024.0
       words: 9931
      flesch: 49
     summary: Moreover, he criticizes the Salafi movement’s imbalanced view of alle- giance and disavowal, which views non-Muslims as adversaries in and of themselves.47 Additionally, al-Qaradāghī adopts a realist perspective toward international relations in which violence occurs and calls for a suitable response of self-preservation. Here, al-Qaradāghī exclusively encourages the disavowal of hostile non-Muslims who start wars against Muslims.48 Similar to al-Qaraḍāwī, this conclusion suggests that inter- national interactions should be approached from a political perspective rather than a theological one.
    keywords: allegiance; bayyah; ethics; islamic; limits; loyalty; muslims; non; qaradāghī; qaraḍāwī; reformist; religion; sunni; ʿabdallāh
       cache: ajiss-3525.pdf
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        item: #1960 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3535
      author: Dar, Owais Manzoor
       title: Islam and Democracy in the 21st Century : (By Tauseef Ahmad Parray)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1908
      flesch: 42
     summary: Parray’s work not only enriches our understanding of the intricate relationship between Islam and democracy but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the dynamic nature of inter- pretative traditions within Islamic discourse. The book invites us to engage with diverse Islamic concepts, enriching Islamic scholarship through cross-cultural dialogue and the generation of contextualized meanings beyond conventional boundaries.
    keywords: democracy; islam; islamic; muslim; parray
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        item: #1961 of 2426
          id: ajiss-354
      author: Bouzenita, Anke Iman
       title: Islamic Legal Perspectives on Genetically Modified Food
        date: 2010.0
       words: 13639
      flesch: 49
     summary: Walid Khalid al-Rabi`, Ahkam al-At`imah fi al-Fiqh al-Islami: Dirasah Muqa- ranah (Amman: Dar al-Nafa’is li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi`, 2008), 57. 72. Majallat al-Buhuth al-Fiqhiyah al-Mu`asirah, no. 31 (1417 AH), 27; quoted in Azyuf, “Nazarat,” 38. 50.
    keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss-27-1-final-obay.qxp; case; characteristics; consumption; effects; food; gmf; gmos; halal; ibn; impure; islamic; page; pdf; research; rule; substance; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-354.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-354.txt

        item: #1962 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3540
      author: Warren, David
       title: Editorial Note
        date: 2024.0
       words: 742
      flesch: 49
     summary: Beka explores this scholar’s discourse of reform and the kind of Islamic politics he has argued for in the aftermath of the 2011 Arab Spring, which Bin Bayyah articulates by way of rethinking the role and func- tion of the Muslim umma in the modern context. The Mauritanian Shaykh Abdullah Bin Bayyah is arguably among the most well-known members of the Sunni Muslim scholarly elite, the ulama, alive today.
    keywords: muslim; umma
       cache: ajiss-3540.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3540.txt

        item: #1963 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3541
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: The Warrior Prophet: Muhammad and War: (by Joel Hayward)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 4203
      flesch: 54
     summary: Professor Hayward, a specialist in military history, sets out to explain the well-established facts of the Prophet’s martial career: In his ten-year stay in Medina, the Prophet sent out some 80 expeditions, himself leading some 27 of them, of which about 9 saw significant combat. If raiding were a normal affair as Hayward claims, why would the Prophet raid and provoke the single most formidable power in Arabia rather than going after smaller tribes that could not retaliate?
    keywords: hayward; muslims; prophet; quraysh
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  plain text: ajiss-3541.txt

        item: #1964 of 2426
          id: ajiss-355
      author: Yusuf, Imtiyaz
       title: The Role of the Chularajmontri (Shaykh al-IslOEm) in Resolving Ethno-religious Conflict in Southern Thailand
        date: 2010.0
       words: 9490
      flesch: 45
     summary: These members do not find Thai Islam or Thai Muslims offensive. The Thai state expected that its official head of the Muslim communi- ty at the national level, the chularajmontri (shaykh al-Islam), whose office was set up in 1945 to integrate all Thai Muslims into the new nation-state of Thailand (formerly called Siam), would play a significant role in resolving the southern conflict.
    keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss-27-1-final-obay.qxp; bangkok; chularajmontri; conflict; islam; islamic; malay; muslims; office; page; pattani; pdf; social; southern; thai; thailand; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-355.pdf
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        item: #1965 of 2426
          id: ajiss-356
      author: Uthman, Ibrahim Olatunde
       title: Muslims and Science: Contributions of Islamic Universities to Professional Ethics
        date: 2010.0
       words: 8842
      flesch: 40
     summary: This paper examines how the Islamic concept of khilafah (vice- gerency) can be employed to revive Islamic science so that it can sus- tain human and other creatures in a wholesome manner. The rejection or neglect of this philosophy, upon which Islamic science is based, has precipitated the ongoing crisis, chaos, and suffering in the world despite our scientific and technological advancement.
    keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss-27-1-final-obay.qxp; education; ethics; human; islamic; knowledge; muslim; page; pdf; science; students; study; trial; university; version
       cache: ajiss-356.pdf
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        item: #1966 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3561
      author: Khan, Shiraz
       title: Collective Ijtihad: Regulating Fatwa in Postnormal Times: (By Hossam Sabry Othman)
        date: 2024.0
       words: 1941
      flesch: 55
     summary: Some good examples, Othman states, are those of the advances in science, medicine and finance, which are progressively transforming our understanding of what constitutes life and money. Othman hypothesises that the issue of fatwa issuance will become increasingly more complex and problematic as knowledge and tech- nology continue to proliferate, with societies evolving in response.
    keywords: fatwa; othman
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        item: #1967 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3562
      author: Khan, Shiraz
       title: Agency, Rationality, Morality: The Qur’anic View of Man: (By MONA M. ABUL- FADL
        date: 2025.0
       words: 1852
      flesch: 51
     summary: Her emphasis is on rationality, freedom and morality, and the goal is the reintegration of man and the recovery of community through a reconciliation of self and the rediscovery of the essential meaning of divine guidance in so far as it relates to human life in this world. AMErICAN JOUrNAL OF ISLAM ANd SOCIEt Y 42:3-4 being is no doubt vital and, whilst modern disciplines in the context of the human sciences are right to make man the focus of study, a data-driven, spiritually devoid analysis misses the fundamental purpose of human life, and is a gamble.
    keywords: abul; human; insān; man
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        item: #1968 of 2426
          id: ajiss-357
      author: Hassan, M. Kabir; Chowdhury, Muhammad Abdul Mannan
       title: Islamic Banking Regulations in Light of Basel II
        date: 2010.0
       words: 11658
      flesch: 31
     summary: Like conventional banks, Islamic banks operate under different regulatory regimes. In light of the increased financial innovation and diversity of instruments offered in Islamic finance, the need to improve the transparency of bank operations is particularly relevant for Islamic banks.
    keywords: adequacy; banking; banks; basel; capital; deposits; financial; institutions; investment; islamic; management; market; regulation; risk; shari`ah; system; transparency; trial; version
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        item: #1969 of 2426
          id: ajiss-358
      author: Mufti, Malik
       title: The Many-Colored Cloak: Evolving Conceptions of Democracy in Islamic Political Thought
        date: 2010.0
       words: 12182
      flesch: 44
     summary: Al-Barnamij al-Intikhabi li Murashshahi Jama`at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin li Intikhabat al-Majlis al-Niyabi al-Urduni (Amman: n.p., 1989); Al-Barnamij al-Intikhabi li Murashshahi Hizb Jabhat al-`Amal al-Islami li Intikhabat al- Majlis al-Niyabi al-Urduni (Amman: n.p., 1993), 7, 15. 55. Ishaq Ahmad Farhan, Al-Mawqif al-Islami min al-Musharakah al-Siyasiyah (Amman: Hizb Jabhat al-`Amal al-Islami, 1996), 25, 24, 29. 62.
    keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp; american; democracy; elections; emb; falasifah; farabi; islamic; islamists; muslim; page; party; pdf; people; politics; press; regime; trial; turkey; version
       cache: ajiss-358.pdf
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        item: #1970 of 2426
          id: ajiss-359
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: The Islamic Ideology of Ali Shari’ati
        date: 2010.0
       words: 9937
      flesch: 52
     summary: Dialectical Jihad and Islamic Ideology Shari’ati's ideology can be summed up as follows: Islamic societies are suf- fering from internal and external oppression, revolution is the only alterna- tive left for effecting change, and Islamic ideology is the main instrument for such a social transformation. How did he manage to blend Shi’ite theology and Marxist dialectical struggle to produce his own brand of Islamic ideology?
    keywords: ali; ibid; ideology; islamic; khomeini; page; pdf; people; shari’ati; social; society; struggle; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-359.pdf
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        item: #1971 of 2426
          id: ajiss-360
      author: Farouk-Alli, Aslam
       title: When Words Collide: Islam and Modernity – Alternative Paradigms, Contrasting Authentic Ideals
        date: 2010.0
       words: 8110
      flesch: 42
     summary: For him, it is far more apt to speak of “multiple modernities,” the plural reflecting the fact that other non-western cultures have modernized in their own way and can- not properly be understood if we try to grasp them in a general theory that was designed originally with only the western case in mind.6 Taylor elabo- rates further, arguing that from this view western modernity is inseparable from a certain kind of social imaginary and that the differences among alter- native paradigms need to be understood in terms of the divergent social imaginaries involved. Elmessiri, one of the few Islamic scholars who has seriously interro- gated the notion of secularism at a metacritical level, contends that the identity of western modernity is more in keeping with what he refers to as comprehensive secularism.
    keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp; elmessiri; ibid; islamic; modernist; modernity; page; paradigm; pdf; religion; social; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-360.pdf
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        item: #1972 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3604
      author: Hamza, Sahibzada Muhammad; Shirazi, Nasim Shah
       title: The Role of Religiosity in Shaping Sustainable Behavior: A Global Perspective
        date: 2025.0
       words: 13803
      flesch: 46
     summary: Sustainable Behavior represents the composite average score of the five observed measures of sustainable behavior mentioned in Table 2. HAMZA & SHIrAZI: rOLE OF rELIGIOSIt Y IN SHAPING SUStAINABLE BEHAVIOr  59 Empirical Models For the purpose of this study, two primary equations have been formu- lated: a baseline equation and an extended equation. Sustainable Behavior represents the composite average score of the five observed measures of sustainable behavior mentioned in Table 2.
    keywords: american; behavior; education; energy; et al; factors; hamza; impact; income; individuals; influence; islam; journal; practices; religion; religiosity; research; respondents; role; shirazi; societ; study; sustainability; theory; time; values; variable
       cache: ajiss-3604.pdf
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        item: #1973 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3609
      author: Jong, Abbas
       title: Reconfiguring Political Islam: A Discursive Tradition Approach
        date: 2025.0
       words: 12095
      flesch: 28
     summary: These general comparisons, which must be specified through case-by-case analysis, reveal the multiple and often conflicting logics through which Islamic discursive traditions engage core categories—logics that are activated differently within each configuration of Political Islam. American Journal of Islam and Society Vol 42 No 3-4.indb 6 Reconfiguring Political Islam: A Discursive Tradition Approach A B B A S J O N G
    keywords: approach; asad; authority; categories; conditions; configurations; islam; islamic; islamist; jong; journal; new; politics; practices; press; state; tradition; university
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        item: #1974 of 2426
          id: ajiss-361
      author: Islahi, Abdul Azim
       title: The Economic Ideas of Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi
        date: 2010.0
       words: 11695
      flesch: 53
     summary: He says that these forms of contracts were in use before the Prophet (peace be upon him) was born and thus can be used, unless their validity is disputed in general or the Prophet specifically pro- hibited them.97 Out of the types of wisdom mentioned above, al-hikmah al-ma`ashiyah and al-hikmah al-manziliyah are related to sociological studies, while al- hikmah al-iktisabiyah, al-hikmah al-ta`amuliyah, and al-hikmah al-ta`awu- niyah come under the subject of economics. The Economic Ideas of Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi Abdul Azim Islahi Abstract Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1174 AH/1762 CE) stands in the Indian subcontinent’s history as a link between medieval and modern Islamic thought.
    keywords: 6/9/2010; ajiss27-2-final-obay.qxp; allah al; development; dihlawi; hujjat; ibid; islamic; money; page; pdf; people; shah; stage; trial; version; wali
       cache: ajiss-361.pdf
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        item: #1975 of 2426
          id: ajiss-362
      author: Frick, Marie-Luisa
       title: Ummah’s Rights or Human Rights? Universalism, Individualism, and Islamic Ethics in the Twenty-first Century
        date: 2010.0
       words: 10100
      flesch: 47
     summary: A telling example is the African [Banjul] Charter on Human and People’s Rights, which adds to individual human rights special rights of peoples, such as the right to existence, the right to development, or the right to national and international peace and security ([Organization of African Unity], “African [Banjul] Charter on Human and People’s Rights 1981,” http://www1.umn. edu/humanrts/instree/z1afchar.htm, accessed 26 April 2010). Ummah’s Rights or Human Rights? Universalism, Individualism, and Islamic Ethics in the Twenty-first Century Marie-Luisa Frick Abstract Against the background of the trend of Islamizing human rights on the one hand, as well as increasing skepticism about the compatibility of Islam and human rights on the other, I intend to analyze the potential of Islamic ethics to meet the require- ments for vitalizing the idea of human rights.
    keywords: declaration; ethics; god; human; ibid; individual; islamic; muslims; page; pdf; religion; rights; trial; ummah; version
       cache: ajiss-362.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-362.txt

        item: #1976 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3634
      author: Cholil, Muhammad; Mamduh, Muhammad Faizul; Setianingsih, Hesti Eka
       title: The Global Halal Industry: A Research Companion: (By HUSSAIN MOHI-UD-DIN QADRI)
        date: 2025.0
       words: 1177
      flesch: 39
     summary: Chapter 6 focuses on halal tourism, and Chapters 7 and 8 turn to halal pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fashion. Chapter 6 provides an extensive analysis of the halal tourism indus- try, highlighting the significance of culturally sensitive services, such as halal food and family-friendly accommodations.
    keywords: chapter; halal; industry
       cache: ajiss-3634.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3634.txt

        item: #1977 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3642
      author: Baktemur, Hatice Kübra
       title: İslam ve Toplum Araştırmaları, Amerika Dergisi (AJIS) Hakkında
        date: 2024.0
       words: 339
      flesch: 64
     summary: “İslam ve Toplum Araştırmaları, Amerika Dergisi (AJIS) Hakkın- da”. İslam ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, Amerika, Sayı 1, 9-10.
    keywords: ajis; i̇slam
       cache: ajiss-3642.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3642.txt

        item: #1978 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3643
      author: Kamali, Mohammad Hashim
       title: Makâsıd’ın Tarihçesi ve Hukuki Gelişimi: Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirme
        date: 2024.0
       words: 7883
      flesch: 64
     summary: Kedisini ölene kadar direğe bağlayarak aç bırakan bir kadın için şiddetli bir ceza uyarısı, çölde susuzluktan ölmek üzere olan bir köpeğin hayatını kurtaran adam içinse büyük bir ödül (cennete giriş) vaadi vardır. Bu ifadeler aynı zamanda eğit- me amacı veya okuyanlar ve dinleyenler üzerinde bir etki uyandırma amacı da taşıyor olabilir.[26] Yukarıdakilerden de anlaşılacağı üzere, daha düşük seviyedeki bir gaye ve amaç, zorlayıcı ve hayati tehlike durumlarında olağandışı bir şekilde daha yük- sek bir dereceye yükselebilir.
    keywords: amaç; ancak; aynı; ayrıca; açık; bazı; başka; belirli; beş; bir; biri; bkz; bunların; büyük; daha; değer; değildir; dolayısıyla; ebû; eder; ele; fakat; farklı; fıkhın; fıkıh; gaye; genel; geniş; geçerli; gibi; göre; hem; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; insan; ise; iyi; için; içtihat; i̇bn; i̇slam; karadâvî; kesin; konusu; konusunda; kur’an; makâsıd; makâsıdü’ş; makâsıdın; metnin; mevcut; miras; müslüman; olan; olarak; olduğu; olduğunu; ortadan; söz; tarafından; temel; teymiyye; tüm; usûl; vardır; veya; yardımcı; yeni; yer; zaman; çok; ölçüde; önemli; örneğin; şekilde; şeriatın; şâtıbî
       cache: ajiss-3643.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3643.txt

        item: #1979 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3644
      author: Helmy, Yomna
       title: İslami Modernizmden Otoriteryenizmin Kuramlaştırılmasına: Abdullah bin Beyye ve Makâsıd Söyleminin Siyasallaştırılması 
        date: 2024.0
       words: 10570
      flesch: 55
     summary: İkincisi ise geleneksel ve dinî bir çağrıdır; buna göre güncel bağlam ve realiteler göz ardı edilmekte ve dolayısıyla mevcut zorluklarla mücadelede İslam hukukunun çağdaş bir şekilde yorumlanmasına ve uygulan- masına izin verilmemektedir.[86] Bin Beyye’ye göre bu ikilik, sömürgeciliğin et- kilerinin ve on dokuzuncu yüzyılın başında İslam devletinin çöküşünden sonra Müslümanların karşılaştığı zorlukların bir sonucudur. Kâsımî (ö. 1332/1914) er-Risâle’yi, tefsirin maslahat ile ilgili kısımla- rını seçerek yeni bir versiyonda, dipnotlar ve Risâle fi’ l-Mesalihi’ l-Mürsele adıyla üç risale hâlinde 1324/1906 yılında Beyrut’ta Mecmû’ Resâil fî Usûli’ l-Fıkh adıyla yayımlamıştır.
    keywords: 5"7?*!@'0,)?a7'0)*b:@,?:0,c0)?a7?)*d3,"75"6:&,&57"%; a.g.e; abdullah; abdullah bin; adalet; ancak; arap; arasında; ayrıca; bae; bağımsız; belirli; beyye; beş; bin; bin beyye; bin beyye’nin; bir; birlikte; bkz; cambridge; daha; demokrasi; dolayısıyla; farklı; fıkıh; geleneksel; gerektiğini; gibi; göre; hallaq; hukuki; hukukunun; iddia; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; insan; ise; islamic; için; i̇slam; kabul; kahire; karadâvî; karşı; klasik; konusu; kur’an; law; makâsıd; makâsıd odaklı; makâsıdü’ş; makâsıdın; maslahat; menât; modern; modernist; muhammed; müslüman; nasıl; odaklı; olan; olarak; olduğunu; opwis; ortaya; press; ramazan; reformcular; rızâ; sharī‘ah; siyasi; sonra; söyleminin; söz; tarafından; teorisi; theory; thought; usûl; veya; yaklaşım; yeni; yeniden; yüksek; çağdaş; örneğin; şekilde; şeriatın; şerîa; şâtıbî
       cache: ajiss-3644.pdf
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        item: #1980 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3645
      author: Hanafi, Sari
       title: Bilginin İslamileştirilmesi”nin Öncülüğünden Yaygınlaştırılmasına, Malezya Uluslararası İslam Üniversitesi Örneği 
        date: 2024-10-30
       words: 10.35632/ajis.v38i1.3645
      flesch: 1983 yılında kurulan Uluslararası İslam Üniversitesi Malezya (IIUM), “Bilginin İslamileştirilmesi” (Bİ) projesi için bir laboratuvar olmuştur. IIUM’nin teorik modellerini ve pratik uygulamalarını ele alan bu makalede, “Bİ” paradigmasına öncülük eden öğretim üyelerineslinden, onu yaygınlaştırmaya çalışan yeni nesle geçiş ortaya koyulmaktadır. Amaç, Makâsıdü’ş-Şerîa’nın kullanılmasıyla bu geçişin mümkün kılındığını, ancak yine de söz konusu geçişin bazı çelişkileri, gerilimleri ve eksiklikleri beraberinde getirdiğini ve getirmeyedevam edeceğini göstermektir. Makalenin sonunda ise üç noktanın üzerinde durulmaktadır. IIUM, profesyonel eğitimli öğrencilere karşı İslami yönelimli öğrenciler yetiştirme konusunda ne derece başarılı olmuştur? Makâsıd yaklaşımını kullanarak Bİ’nin yaygınlaştırılması ne ölçüde başarılı olmuştur? Ve son olarak Bİ paradigmasını hayata geçirmek çoğulculuğu nasıl sekteye uğratabilir?
     summary: None
    keywords: alanında; ancak; arasında; aynı; ayrıca; bazı; beşerî; bilginin; bilimi; bilimler; bir; biri; bi̇; bkz; bütünleştirme; daha; dair; ders; derslerin; değil; diğer; e;-5f-)-)*>%5"7; economics; ekonomi; ekonomisi; eğitim; farklı; genel; gibi; göre; hem; ibrahim; iium; iium’deki; iium’nin; iki; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; international; ise; islamic; için; içinde; i̇slami; j)'0)*k"cf&)5"6:&,&57"%; journal; knowledge; konvansiyonel; kuala; lisans; lumpur; malezya; mohd; müslüman; nasıl; olan; olarak; olduğu; pek; psikoloji; sadece; siyaset; sosyal; söz; tarafından; temel; uluslararası; university; vahiy; veya; yeni; çalışmaları; çağdaş; çok; önemli; örneğin; öğrenciler; öğretim; üniversitesi; üyeleri; üzere; şekilde; şeriat
       cache: ajiss-3645The International Institute of Islamic Thought
  plain text: ajiss-3645.txt

        item: #1981 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3646
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3646
        date: None
       words: 5971
      flesch: 48
     summary: Ancak yazılı ve hukuki İslami kaynak- lar yorumlanırken, birden çok cinsiyet/toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımı modeliyle eş- cinselliğin hoş görüldüğü iddia edilse bile, erkek/erkek olmayan ayrımından hareketle bir toplumsal cinsiyet kimliği olarak Müslüman bir “eşcinsellik” Toplumsal cinsiyet ile biyolo- jinin bağlantısını kopararak cinsiyet, toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinselliği söylemsel fenomenler olarak düşünmenin önünü açtı.
    keywords: 5"7; a.g.e; analitik; ancak; arasındaki; ayrımı; batı; bir; biyolojik; bkz; bunun; cinsel; cinsiyet; daha; dair; dolayısıyla; eleştirel; entelektüel; epistemik; erkek; feminist; gender; gibi; göre; hem; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; için; i̇slam; kabul; kadın; kavramsal; kültürel; müslüman; nefis; olan; olarak; ortaya; oxford; oyewumi; politik; press; tarafından; tarihsel; teorik; teorisi; toplumsal; toplumsal cinsiyet; university; women; yeniden; çalışmaları; örneğin; üzerine; şekilde
       cache: ajiss-3646.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3646.txt

        item: #1982 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3648
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3648
        date: None
       words: 11530
      flesch: 46
     summary: “Evangelical” as an umbrella term covering all articulations of American religion which emphasize the personal, individualized conversion experience of being “born again,” includes Pentecostal Protestants and pentecostalized “charismatics” of formally non-Protestant religious traditions who “have experienced the ‘in-fill- ing’ of the Holy Spirit” as manifested in practices such as speaking in tongues and faith healing. Arguing that “dominant forms of American liberalism have prevented the political assimilation of Muslim Americans,” Edward Curtis, for example, questions whether “liberal states may be structurally incapable” of sustaining the “kind of democracy” that is “committed to justice and equity.
    keywords: american; brownson; catholic; catholicism; creed; experience; ibid; islam; liberalism; muslim; new; orestes; orestes brownson; percent; pew; protestantism; religion; research; vol
       cache: ajiss-3648.pdf
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        item: #1983 of 2426
          id: ajiss-365
      author: None
       title: ajiss-365
        date: None
       words: 13682
      flesch: 43
     summary: Muhammad, its recipient and transmitter, thus becomes the speak- ing Qur’an (al-Qur’an al-natiq), the person who embodies and manifests the values contained in the silent (or textual) Qur’an, referred to as al- Qur’an al-samit. Immutable and Transient Rulings The distinction between immutable (al-ahkam al-thabitah)34 and transient (al-ahkam al-mutaghayyirah) rulings is that the former has been derived from revelatory sources with the explicit directive that it is applicable at all times and places.
    keywords: ajiss; authority; ayatullah; divine; god; ijtihad; imam; islamic; issues; jurists; law; muhammad; new; page; prophet; qur’an; rulings; shari`ah; shi`i; social; time; trial; version; www.pdffactory.com
       cache: ajiss-365.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-365.txt

        item: #1984 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3657
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3657
        date: None
       words: 569
      flesch: 43
     summary: As Zatari and Fili argue, modernist critics of this classical literature on justice and just rule have typically contended that pre-modern Muslim political thought lacked a proper definition of jus- tice, and instead preferred to merely uphold an authoritarian status quo. Belhaj examines these three thinkers’ contributions to the question of political loyalty, especially when Muslims are the minority in non-Muslim con- texts.
    keywords: belhaj; justice; preaching
       cache: ajiss-3657.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3657.txt

        item: #1985 of 2426
          id: ajiss-366
      author: None
       title: ajiss-366
        date: None
       words: 12437
      flesch: 52
     summary: We will start with the question of whether Islam confers any intrinsic value on non-human beings by referring to John O’Neill’s influential typology6 of the different meanings of intrinsic value (IV). In the literature on environmentalist ethics there is definitely a growing discourse on consumerism (and even capitalism) and its relation to the environmental disaster; however, this discourse is fixated more on the social and institutional levels rather than on the personal and ethical levels.49 Islamic ethics, on the other hand, places tremendous emphasis on avoiding another kind of anthropocentrism: that which makes human desires and their fulfillment the center of ethical and social life.
    keywords: beings; desire; environmental; ethics; god; human; islamic; iv2; morality; non; page; pdf; rights; trial; value; version
       cache: ajiss-366.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-366.txt

        item: #1986 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3665
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3665
        date: None
       words: 2675
      flesch: 59
     summary: While Pregill warns of the dangers of reading Qurʾanic stories through the lens of classical exegesis and rabbinical sources, he seems to fall into the trap of reading them through the lens of the Hebrew Bible. The verse giving Aaron instructions to lead implies that corrupt elements among the Israelite camp were already known.
    keywords: aaron; calf; moses; pregill; story
       cache: ajiss-3665.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3665.txt

        item: #1987 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3669
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3669
        date: None
       words: 3012
      flesch: 39
     summary: Younis wrote that Black Atlantic writers were “skeptical of claims to national or imperial uniqueness” (4). Therefore, Black Atlantic writers of this period focused on the scale of the global and the planetary, which was a prerequisite to accessing overrepresented Euro-American racial theory, so that it may be “turned against itself” (5).
    keywords: african; atlantic; international; new; pan; planetary; press; race; university; world; younis
       cache: ajiss-3669.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3669.txt

        item: #1988 of 2426
          id: ajiss-367
      author: None
       title: ajiss-367
        date: None
       words: 6355
      flesch: 54
     summary: Abd al-Razzaq al-Mahdi, 2d printing (Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 2002), 6:317; Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, Ahkam al-Qur’an, ed. Imad al-Din Ahmad Haydar, 3d printing (Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah, 1993), 346. 16.
    keywords: actions; evolution; existential; god; ibn; islamic; legislative; reproductive; scholars; theory
       cache: ajiss-367.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-367.txt

        item: #1989 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3677
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3677
        date: None
       words: 1433
      flesch: 40
     summary: While this approach aims to center Islam’s distinctiveness, it often overlooks crucial features of Islamic thought. Consequently, the modalities of religion and secularity in Islamic thought and historical experience remain underexplored.
    keywords: islamic; jackson; religion; secular
       cache: ajiss-3677.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3677.txt

        item: #1990 of 2426
          id: ajiss-368
      author: None
       title: ajiss-368
        date: None
       words: 9959
      flesch: 57
     summary: As religious texts are open to interpretation and convey different shades of meaning, this article analyzes khutbahs in terms of how Islamic texts are invoked and contextualized. The ultimate centeredness of Islamic texts appears vividly in an inter- esting incident.
    keywords: allah; american; audience; islamic; khatib; khutbah; life; modernity; muslims; prophet; qur’an; social; sunnah; text; way
       cache: ajiss-368.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-368.txt

        item: #1991 of 2426
          id: ajiss-369
      author: None
       title: ajiss-369
        date: None
       words: 7370
      flesch: 54
     summary: Examples of such bias can be seen from the following: (a) rich countries are able to maintain high import duties and quotas in certain products, thereby blocking imports from developing countries (e.g., cloth- ing); (b) the increase in non-tariff barriers, such as anti-dumping measures, allowed against developing countries; (c) high protection of agriculture is maintained in developed countries while developing countries are pressed to open their markets; (d) many developing countries do not have the capacity to follow the negotiations and participate actively in the Uruguay Round; and (e) intellectual property rights ban developing countries from incorpo- rating technology that originates abroad in their local systems (including medicines and agricultural products).5 The bias against developing countries, which is also reflected in the fail- ure of various ministerial conferences, has made it even harder for them to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. Some of the major areas that have important implications on developing countries in general, and on Muslim countries in particular, are discussed below.
    keywords: countries; country; exports; growth; member; oic; products; share; table; total; trade; world; wto
       cache: ajiss-369.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-369.txt

        item: #1992 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3692
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3692
        date: None
       words: 1525
      flesch: 45
     summary: Informed by a similar commitment to orthopraxy and how each com- munity orients to law, faith, and tradition, the lives of Orthodox Jewish and Muslim American communities, for the authors, provide a unique opportunity to think about how to build bridges across tacitly and artifi- cially constructed social and political barriers. Most of these Jewish Americans were members of Orthodox Jewish communities, who were both fearful of and outraged by Hamas’ murderous rampage on October 7, 2023.
    keywords: american; communities; muslims
       cache: ajiss-3692.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3692.txt

        item: #1993 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3696
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3696
        date: None
       words: 2136
      flesch: 47
     summary: Due to the fact that Awass discusses a broad time span—from the classical period to modern day and is not limited geographically, this text is ideally suited for students that are interested in gaining a broad view of Islamic legal history, through the case study of the fatwa. Fatwa and the Making and Renewal of Islamic Law is a valuable contribution to the field of Islamic legal theory, history and develop- ment.
    keywords: awass; fatwa; islamic; law; sunnī
       cache: ajiss-3696.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3696.txt

        item: #1994 of 2426
          id: ajiss-370
      author: None
       title: ajiss-370
        date: None
       words: 10102
      flesch: 54
     summary: Other noted mod- ern scholars who adopt the same approach include `Abbas Shawman, Al- `Ilaqat al-Dawliyah fi al-Shari`ah al-Islamiyah (Cairo: al-Dar al-Thaqafah, 1999), 37-38; Subhi Mahmasani, Al-Qan´n wa al-`Ilaqat al-Dawliyah fi al- Islam, 101-02; `Ulyan, Al-Nizam al-Siyasi fi al-Islam, 163; Muhammad al- Sadiq al-`Afifi, Al-Islam wa al-`Ilaqat al-Dawliyah (Beirut: Dar al-Raid al- `Arabi, 1986), 293. `Abd al-Salam al-Sulaymani, Al-Ijtihad fi al-Fiqh al-Islami: Dawabituh wa Mustaqbiluh (Beirut: Dar al-Qalam, n.d.), 109-210. 20.
    keywords: contemporary; dar; dar al; fiqh; ibn; ijtihad; instance; intellectual; islamic; jurists; law; muhammad; muslim; prophet; qur’an; social; thinking; thought
       cache: ajiss-370.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-370.txt

        item: #1995 of 2426
          id: ajiss-371
      author: None
       title: ajiss-371
        date: None
       words: 10221
      flesch: 56
     summary: Definition of differentiae is made by attributes, and definition of visible objects is made by directions. Ibn Taymiyya’s Criticism of Aristotelian Definition Sobhi Rayan Abstract Aristotle wrote of two “points of definition”: one posited in neg- ative and the other in positive terms.
    keywords: aristotle; concept; definition; ibn; ibn taymiyya; knowledge; object; quiddity; taymiyya; thing; world
       cache: ajiss-371.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-371.txt

        item: #1996 of 2426
          id: ajiss-372
      author: None
       title: ajiss-372
        date: None
       words: 8572
      flesch: 59
     summary: Husayn ibn Fayd Allah al-Hamdani, with Hasan Sulayman Mahmud al- Juhani, Al-Sulayhiyun wa al-Harakah al-Fatimiyah fi al-Yaman (Yemen: See also Ahmad al-Sharji, Tabaqat al-Khawass: Ahl al-Sidq wa al-Ikhlas (San`a: al-Dar al-Yamaniyyah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi`, 1986) 109-14.
    keywords: abd; abu; asceticism; century; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; man; movement; pdf; sufi; sufism; trial; version; yemen
       cache: ajiss-372.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-372.txt

        item: #1997 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3722
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3722
        date: None
       words: 1770
      flesch: 45
     summary: Most are women, reflecting the field’s authorial demographics on the one hand, but also showcasing women’s voices, especially those of Muslim women, on the other. It makes for a valuable reference work that helps readers navigate the minefield of political and other ideologies that revolve around Muslim women.
    keywords: activism; islamic; muslim; volume; women
       cache: ajiss-3722.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3722.txt

        item: #1998 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3723
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3723
        date: None
       words: 1559
      flesch: 62
     summary: Aslan’s work shows the nuances in presenting Muslim prayer. In many ways this omission makes sense, as US law does not make a distinction between different types of Muslim prayer, it is all simply “Muslim prayer.”
    keywords: american; chapter; muslim; prayer
       cache: ajiss-3723.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3723.txt

        item: #1999 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3724
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3724
        date: None
       words: 7575
      flesch: 41
     summary: The Epistemic Critique of Science The epistemic critique of modern science historicizes science, religion, and language, emphasizing the interpretive frameworks under which all knowledge and meaning is produced. The Metaphysical Critique of Science The traditionalist view offers a full-fledged critique of modern science (and modernity in general), seeking to restore a sacred view of the uni- verse.
    keywords: approach; critique; environment; ethics; islam; islamic; kalin; metaphysics; science; view
       cache: ajiss-3724.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-3724.txt

        item: #2000 of 2426
          id: ajiss-373
      author: None
       title: ajiss-373
        date: None
       words: 11890
      flesch: 61
     summary: Muhammad `Abd al-Rahman al-Shayi’, Al-Furuq al-Lughawiyah wa Athar- uha fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim (Riyadh: Maktabat al-`Ubaykan, 1993), 177. 80. The majority of exegetes subscribe to the opinion that it does not79 because each and every word has its particular meaning, which is precisely accorded to it.80 In his Furuq al- Lughawiyah wa Atharuha fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Karim, al-Shayi’ lists those scholars who contend that there are no synonyms, including al-Tabari, al- PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Raghib al-Isfahani, and al-Zamakhshari (d.1144).
    keywords: allah; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; islamic; messengers; pdf; people; prophethood; prophets; qur’an; qur’anic; scholars; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-373.pdf
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        item: #2001 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3737
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3737
        date: None
       words: 1509
      flesch: 55
     summary: Khaldūn al-Aḥdab’s recently revised study and the introduction to the Bayt al-Sunna edition of Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī have made significant contributions to our understanding of Imam al-Bukhārī’s life and works. Second, al-Aqṭash cites the contemporaneous Ibn Faḍlān’s travelogue to estimate the most plausible route al-Bukhārī took from his hometown to Baghdad enroute to the Hajj (pp.
    keywords: aqṭash; bukhārī
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        item: #2002 of 2426
          id: ajiss-374
      author: None
       title: ajiss-374
        date: None
       words: 9382
      flesch: 32
     summary: Several such studies have been conducted.64 For example, in their explor- atory study of Bangladesh, Sobhani and Ather ascertained several factors that are perceived as causing the lack of MIP awareness: a lack of knowledge of Islamic management; the absence of true practicing Muslims, research on Islamic management, an Islamic environment and culture, teaching and prac- tices of the Qur’an and hadith, institutional support, and media coverage of Islamic management issues; the effects of western education and culture, globalization, and secular NGOs; and environmental bottlenecks.65 Sobhani and Ather’s study highlights these issues in their order of preference for making Muslims people aware of MIP: the Islamizing knowledge and education, creating public consensus, reforming the govern- ment; adjusting globalization with Islamic values and norms; and restricting NGO activities, Islamizing educational models and procedures, removing corruption, establishing Islamic management research centers, formulating rules and regulations that follow Islamic values and norms, establishing a Shari`ah-based administration, and communicating Islamic management through all available media
    keywords: business; discipline; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; icmip; islamic; journal; knowledge; leadership; management; mip; muslim; pdf; perspectives; proceedings; research; researchers; social; trial
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        item: #2003 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3745
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3745
        date: None
       words: 1686
      flesch: 47
     summary: Habib highlights Azad’s alignment with Tagore’s humanist ideals, evident in his efforts to integrate arts and literature into education through institutional reforms. Azad sought to dispel notions of exclusivity associated with any religion or community, as Habib argues, “Islam as a faith is not a monolith” (p. 114).
    keywords: azad; chapter; habib; islam
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        item: #2004 of 2426
          id: ajiss-375
      author: None
       title: ajiss-375
        date: None
       words: 7440
      flesch: 56
     summary: The purpose here is to develop an overview of the Qur’anic attitude toward other religions. In the process of developing this overview, hints will be given about similar positions in other religions, particularly Judaism and Christianity.
    keywords: beliefs; diversity; faith; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; people; qur’an; religions; ultimate
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        item: #2005 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3758
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3758
        date: None
       words: 1290
      flesch: 34
     summary: His argument is particularly relevant in contemporary debates on Islamic legal reform, as it suggests that meaningful change does not necessarily require abandon- ing taqlīd but rather re-engaging with its epistemological foundations. He engages with the famous maxim, “Istafti qalbaka wa-in aftāka al-nāsu wa-aftūka” (“Consult your heart, even if people issue legal opinions for you”), to explore the tension between autonomy and trust in Islamic legal practice.
    keywords: fadel; jurisprudence; law; taqlīd
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        item: #2006 of 2426
          id: ajiss-376
      author: None
       title: ajiss-376
        date: None
       words: 9741
      flesch: 38
     summary: For the moment, however, al- Ghazzali’s treatise on disciplining the soul and Ibn Miskawayh’s instruction on purifying one’s dispositions provide an important point of departure, including here Mohammed A. Sherif’s elaboration of al-Ghazzali’s theory of virtue.75 M. A. Draz’s discussion of both ethical theory and applied ethics, as these might be construed from the Qur’an, is an important supplement, as is Toshihiko Isutzu’s Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an.76 Salma K. Jayyusi’s engagement with ethical universalism in relation to the Arab tradi- tion is a notable recent contribution to contemporary human rights dis- course77 and should be read along with Mashood A. Baderin’s recent works on international law, Islamic law, and human rights.78 Conclusion It is a principal task of contemporary Islam, while responding both to its own intellectual tradition and to contemporary political ideological forces inter- nal and external to it, to rehabilitate and renovate the classical-era Islamic discipline of `ilm al-akhlaq. As a result, human rights proponents are often tempted to blame Islam, if not religion generally, for human rights violations.3 Yet another commentator, Ebrahim Moosa, an associate professor of Islamic studies at Duke University and associate director of its Islamic Studies Center would add to Oh’s list “a range of manifestly discriminatory practices [e.g., towards women] inherited from the medieval formulation of Islamic law” and deriving from that period’s “strong patriarchal and patri- lineal assumptions.”4
    keywords: ajiss; ethics; human; ibn; ilm; international; islamic; knowledge; law; page; pdf; reason; rights; tradition; trial; version
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        item: #2007 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3765
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3765
        date: None
       words: 5826
      flesch: 40
     summary: Interestingly, the interviewees also referenced the symbolic value of mahr, such as the use of 5 gold coins symbolizing the five members of Ahl al-Bayt, which reflects a continued connection to Shiʿi religious practices even as they seek to modify the practice (pp. 259-260). It highlights how material objects, such as sacred soil, played a key role in the formation of Shiʿi religious tradition and collective memory.
    keywords: book; chapter; culture; material; materiality; objects; practices; religion; rituals; sacred; shiʿi
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        item: #2008 of 2426
          id: ajiss-377
      author: None
       title: ajiss-377
        date: None
       words: 10596
      flesch: 60
     summary: In order to understand the motivation behind writing a book such as Nafisi’s, one just needs to ponder the author’s statement to the effect that many have become famous by writing against the Islamic government.141 Bahrampour even explains that when her mother wrote a fictional account about a woman whose innocent husband is executed in revolutionary Iran, a publisher was interested and asked if she would “go on TV and say its true. Despite the negative images of contemporary Iran that exist in the back- ground, Funny in Farsi is not really a memoir about Iran, and among the rest Marandi and Pirnajmuddin: Constructing an Axis of Evil 41 ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp 6/9/2010 4:08 PM
    keywords: ajiss; american; bellaigue; claims; ibid; iran; iranian; islamic; moaveni; nafisi; page; pdf; states; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-377.pdf
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        item: #2009 of 2426
          id: ajiss-378
      author: None
       title: ajiss-378
        date: None
       words: 13060
      flesch: 52
     summary: ajiss 26-2-final-1-obay.qxp The Consolidation and Spread of Islam in South Africa Yousuf Dadoo Abstract Much has been written about Islam’s advent, entrenchment, and spread in specific regions of South Africa, and other writings cover its advent over the entire country.
    keywords: african; ajiss; american; cape; community; consolidation; da`wah; islam; islamic; journal; june; moussa; muslim; page; pdf; people; percent; problems; religion; school; south africa; spread; town; trial; trial version; version
       cache: ajiss-378.pdf
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        item: #2010 of 2426
          id: ajiss-379
      author: None
       title: ajiss-379
        date: None
       words: 10492
      flesch: 59
     summary: It is also argued that mu`atah, the attaching of specific price tags to the displayed goods, constitutes valid offer. Common law does not recognize such catalogues, statements, circular letters, and price quotations as valid offers because there is a lack certainty in the so-called offer, as the element of intention to contract is absent.25 SALES OF SHARES.
    keywords: contract; display; goods; intention; invitation; islamic; law; mu`atah; offer; price; seller; statement
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        item: #2011 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3791
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3791
        date: None
       words: 850
      flesch: 34
     summary: While Anjum’s contribution analyzes the work of some figures that readers will likely be familiar with, such as Abū al-Kalām Āzād and Abū al-aʿlā al-Mawdūdī, Anjum also engages contemporary exegetes in South Asia whose work might be less well- known including Amīn Aḥsan Iṣlāḥī and Khālid Saif Allāh Raḥmānī. Their article provides an important contribution to the current literature on sustainable behavior and religiosity by moving beyond small studies of local contexts to provide a global analysis over several decades.
    keywords: obedience; religiosity
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        item: #2012 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3794
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3794
        date: None
       words: 391
      flesch: 99
     summary: Гоши прослеживает динамику учености и лидерства в общинах на основе полевой работы с афроамериканскими салафитскими общинами в Филадельфии. Примечательно, что две из этих ста- тей взяты из симпозиума Американского журнала ислама и об- щества по теме Мак̣ас̣ид, первая серия статей из которого была представлена в предыдущем выпуске (38:3-4), посвященном этой теме.
    keywords: ислама; статье
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        item: #2013 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3795
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3795
        date: None
       words: 9966
      flesch: 94
     summary: Чтобы оценить эти нюансы, в следующем разделе мы рассмотрим влияние идей Маудуди в современном дискурсе «Солидарности». По мнению Ганнуши, высказанному в другом контексте, вопрос заключается не в том, чтобы убедить исламистов принять демократию, плюрализм и разделение власти, а в том, чтобы убедить правящие режимы «в праве исламистов – как и других политических групп – создавать политические партии, участвовать в политической деятельности и бороться за власть или разделение власти демократическими средствами»108.
    keywords: constitution; islamic; journal; law; maududi; minorities; muslims; press; university; weekly; более; быть; в индии; власти; время; государства; движения; демократии; деятельности; для; другими; его; журнал; и в; или; индии; ислама; ислама и; исламского; как; килийаманнил; контексте; которые; либо; мак̣а̄с̣ид; маудуди; между; меньшинств; мнению; мусульман; мусульманских; новые; образом; общества; однако; они; под; поскольку; после; права; правовой; развитие; системы; солидарность; социально; справедливости; таким; тахир; того; только; том; фик̣х; хотя; человека; что; чтобы; шарӣ‘а; этики; это
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        item: #2014 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3796
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3796
        date: None
       words: 9885
      flesch: 99
     summary: Берки отмечает: Исламское высшее образование в Египте позднего Средневековья, как и в другие периоды, полностью зависело от характера отношений, которые студент поддерживал со своими учителями, а не от репутации какого-либо учебного заведения… ничего похожего на систему степеней, официально закрепленную за 64 АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 39:1–2 конкретными учебными заведениями, никогда не было создано… внутренняя динамика исламских образовательных традиций, зародившаяся в первые десятилетия накопления и передачи мусульманской учености, восторжествовала над временными попыт- ками направить обучение в конкретные учреждения40. Чтобы ответить на эти вопросы, настоящее исследование внимательно изучает салафитское сообщество в Филадельфии, состоящее преимущественно из афроамериканцев.
    keywords: islam; абди; аль; аравии; более; большими; время; все; года; году; гоши; даже; дата; джермантаун; для; его; журнал; западе; знаний; и не; ибн; или; ислама; иум; как; когда; которые; кто; лидеров; людей; мадх̮алӣ; масджид; местных; мечети; могут; может; на западе; нет; них; обращения; общества; однако; они; отношения; передачи; после; салафитов; салафитских; салафиты; саудовской; своих; среди; степени; так; тех; только; том; университета; ученого; учеными; ученых; филадельфии; хотя; человек; что; чтобы; эмили; этих; этого; этот; является
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        item: #2015 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3798
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3798
        date: None
       words: 12101
      flesch: 100
     summary: 9 Книга «Секулярные переводы» также разрабатывает средства само- корректировки; показательным примером является усложнение Аса- дом того, что он высказал ранее относительно связи между агент- ностью и интенциональностью в книге «Возникновение секулярного» (в главе под названием Этот стих подтверждает упомянутую мной выше идею о том, что в рассуждениях Г̣азаqлӣ намерение и желание приобре- тают семантическое соседство, если не коннотативную эквива- лентность.
    keywords: asad; islam; mahmood; piety; politics; агентности; агенты; али; алтаф; асад; бога; более; быть; внимание; время; г̣азаqлӣ; действием; действия; дискурсивной; для; его; если; желание; жизни; журнал; здесь; знание; зрения; и в; и не; или; именно; ислама; ислама и; исламской; их̣йа̄; как; когда; которая; которые; кто; махмуд; между; миан; милости; мне; может; можно; намерение; ниййа; образом; общества; однако; она; поскольку; практик; свою; себя; сердца; скорее; также; таким; таким образом; твердое; тем; того; только; том; традиции; х̣адӣс; человек; чем; что; чтобы; эта; этической; это; этой; этом; этот; является; языка
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        item: #2016 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3799
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3799
        date: None
       words: 4308
      flesch: 97
     summary: Наблюдение Хамде о важности восприятия на слух для передачи хадисов в целом верно, но стоит отметить, что в более поздние времена (и уж точно к тому времени, когда РЕЦЕНЗИИ-ЭССЕ 163 традиционализм достиг своей «зрелой, институционализиро- ванной формы», 22), при почти повсеместном распространении содержимого сборников хадисов, требования к восприятию на слух были значительно смягчены. Хамде указы- вает на слабость мнения Албаqнӣ относительно самодоказа- тельности Писания, а именно, что Ибн Х̣азм (например) сделал такое же заявление, что и Албаqнӣ, однако мы обнаруживаем, что Ибн Х̣азм и Албаqнӣ расходятся во взглядах на некоторые вопросы.
    keywords: албаqнӣ; аль; более; были; главе; даже; двух; для; его; ибн; или; ислама; как; которые; может; они; отмечает; пуристы; салафиты; также; тем; того; том; традиционалистов; ученых; хадисов; хамде; хотя; что; это
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        item: #2017 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3800
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3800
        date: None
       words: 3588
      flesch: 100
     summary: В конце концов, став полноцен- ным реформатором, Афа Аджура прекратил участвовать в этой практике и начал выступать против нее как в своих пропове- дях, так и в стихах. В поэме повествуется о некоторых важных моментах, связанных с этим событием, и ключевых высоко- поставленных лицах, которые в них участвовали, а также упо- минается несколько нигерийских этнических групп и городов (81-82).
    keywords: аджура; афа; афа аджура; афы; были; было; время; все; дагомба; для; его; ибрахим; ислама; как; которые; мухаммада; переводчик; поэме; практики; пророка; против; стихотворение; также; тамале; тиджаqнӣйи; только; что; чтобы
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        item: #2018 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3801
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3801
        date: None
       words: 1240
      flesch: 100
     summary: Хотя Линч опирается на существующие исследования истории рукописей этого сочинения, он также восполняет значительные пробелы, в первую очередь привлекая внимание к самой, вероятно, ран- ней из дошедших Кроме того, Линч отмечает, что целевые установки Балаqзурӣ пропагандируют образ «единого и авторитетного исламского государства прошлого», последовательно исключая сообщения, в которых халифы предстают в негативном свете (15).
    keywords: аль; балаqзурӣ; его; исламской; историографии; как; линч; футӯх̣; что
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        item: #2019 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3802
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3802
        date: None
       words: 1333
      flesch: 97
     summary: Полученный в результате анализ проясняет взаимосвязь труда и исламской материальности, открывая новаторские направления для анализа. Внимательно читая концептуально и лингвистически замысловатые рукописи на джави, обра- щаясь к романизированным малайским агиографиям и настав- лениям живых бомохов, Севеа выявляет историческое значение заклинаний, линий передачи и сакральных нарративов, которые ученые прошлого не принимали в расчет как простую «магию» и «идолопоклонство».
    keywords: islam; жизнь; издательство; исламской; исследования; как; материальная; севеа; также; труда; университета; чудеса
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        item: #2020 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3803
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3803
        date: None
       words: 1534
      flesch: 88
     summary: Не сосредотачиваясь на концептуальной про- блематике, и не ограничиваясь предшествующими теоретичес- кими попытками, она, тем не менее, представляет интересные ответы на эти изначальные вопросы, как в концептуальной, так и в эмпирической форме. Первое: несмотря на постоянную напряжен- ность и споры при концептуализации понятия «поколение» (как и при концептуализации любых других социальных классификаций), как показывает настоящая книга, было бы правомерно предположить, что существует хотя бы некоторая субъективно воспринимаемая и логическая общность, запе- чатленная в описаниях и рассуждениях, исходящих от людей как внутри, так и за пределами предполагаемого поколения, то есть когда о нем говорится как о группе.
    keywords: более; или; ислама; как; культуры; опыта; процесс; репрезентация; также; хип; хоп; что
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        item: #2021 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3804
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3804
        date: None
       words: 6412
      flesch: 95
     summary: Рост интереса и исследований в области исламской психологии привел к созданию в 2017 году Международной ассоциации исламской психологии (МАИП). Этот поворот лучше всего отражен в книге Бадри «Раз- мышление: исламское духовно-психологическое исследова- ние», впервые опубликованной в 2000 году и впоследствии переведенной на многие языки13.
    keywords: badri; islamic; journal; malik; psychology; vol; абдаллах; алиша; аль; ахмед; бадри; балхи; был; вклад; влияние; время; году; детей; для; его; жизни; журнал; знания; идеи; издательство; ислама; исламских; исламской; исламской психологии; как; книга; которые; малика; мусульманских; наук; области; общества; профессор; психологии; рания; ротман; своей; статья; также; том; что; этой
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        item: #2022 of 2426
          id: ajiss-381
      author: None
       title: ajiss-381
        date: None
       words: 9233
      flesch: 49
     summary: As of July 2009, out of 56.4 million peo- ple in Southern Africa Christians accounted for 44.84 million (79.5%) of them. The Numerical Distribution of Muslims in Africa Amadu Jacky Kaba
    keywords: africa; christian; data; july; muslims; people; population; religions; total; world
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        item: #2023 of 2426
          id: ajiss-382
      author: None
       title: ajiss-382
        date: None
       words: 7525
      flesch: 46
     summary: In addition, the selec- tive punishment of Muslim women, evident in numerous sentences handed down by Shari`ah courts, runs contrary to the principles of the Islamic reli- gion and law. This article accounts for and provides fresh insights on how the fate of Muslim women under the Shari`ah intertwines with the uncertain future of the law in Nigeria.
    keywords: collective; conscience; islamic; justice; law; muslim; nigeria; rights; shari`ah; social; society; system; trial; women
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        item: #2024 of 2426
          id: ajiss-383
      author: None
       title: ajiss-383
        date: None
       words: 6557
      flesch: 47
     summary: The Shari`ah in northern Nigeria, which became a passionate protest against the political and economic marginalization of northern Muslims, is also sometimes a form of cultural resistance to western education and the wider forces of globalization. Globalization and Islamic Revivalism Many reasons have been advanced for the rise of Shari`ah advocacy and Sha- ri`ah implementation in northern Nigeria.
    keywords: english; globalization; islamic; law; muslim; new; nigeria; northern; page; pdf; shari`ah; shariacracy; states; trial; version
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        item: #2025 of 2426
          id: ajiss-384
      author: None
       title: ajiss-384
        date: None
       words: 13476
      flesch: 51
     summary: The conference was the first of its kind in that it brought together many African Muslims of the Free State province, which was and still is known as the Afrikaner province. We were so bought over by the ideal of One Muslim Identity that we never pondered deeply on the Quranic verse 13 of Chapter Hujurat … whilst the slogan of one identity drowned us, most of its originators kept their separate identities.43 He expressed his pride that fellow African Muslims such as Simphiwe Sesanti and Ebrahim wa Bofelo, who were MYMSA executive members in the mid-1990s, provided a different and important understanding of African (Muslim) identities in their Al-Qalam writings during that time.
    keywords: african; ajiss; apartheid; cape; communities; community; haron; identity; imam; islam; islamic; journal; muslim community; muslims; organizations; page; pdf; social; south; south africa; trial; version
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        item: #2026 of 2426
          id: ajiss-385
      author: None
       title: ajiss-385
        date: None
       words: 10726
      flesch: 54
     summary: Page 89 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com http://www.pdffactory.com pastoral Oromo who lived in the Valley of the River Gannale and in Sidamo; (5) these pastoral groups lived beyond the boundaries and the control of the medieval Christian kingdom (6) and were not affected by the ensuing devas- tation because they lived on the periphery of the zone of conflict; (7) these pastoral groups launched the massive migration that changed Oromo history and radically altered the political landscape of the Ethiopian region; and (8) before the Christian kingdom fully recuperated and reestablished its strong military garrisons in the southern provinces, the migrating pastoralists dis- lodged what was left after the jihad and thwarted new attempts at settlement. The rise of Muslim Oromo power in Wallo was probably instrumental in the revival of Christian nationalism in historic Abyssinia.
    keywords: ajiss; christian; ethiopia; hassen; ibid; ideology; islam; menilek; muslim; oromo; page; pdf; region; religion; resistance; trial; version; wallo
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        item: #2027 of 2426
          id: ajiss-386
      author: None
       title: ajiss-386
        date: None
       words: 7946
      flesch: 45
     summary: To be fair, the demonstrations in question were not the first ones to voice the ulama’s dissatisfaction with state social policies. Speaking for Islam: Ulama, Laïcité, and Democratization in Niger Abdoulaye Sounaye Abstract Unexpectedly, one of the marking features of democratization in Niger has been the rise of a variety of Islamic discourses.
    keywords: cheick; democratization; islam; islamic; laïcité; niger; page; pdf; religion; social; sphere; state; trial; ulama; version
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        item: #2028 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3869
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3869
        date: None
       words: 818
      flesch: 100
     summary: Будучи журналом, находящимся в постоянном обра- щении у читателей с момента своего основания в 1984 году, АЖИО в настоящее время представляет собой междисципли- нарное издание в открытом доступе, выходящее два раза в год, статьи для которого проходят двойное слепое рецензирование и посвящены глобальным проблемам. Например, в отличие от светского права, предписания по исламскому бракоразводно- му процессу требуют либо окончательного согласия мужа, либо присутствия судьи-мусульманина.
    keywords: для; зеленого; общества; халифата; что
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        item: #2029 of 2426
          id: ajiss-387
      author: None
       title: ajiss-387
        date: None
       words: 10294
      flesch: 47
     summary: The book was translated into Arabic by `Isa `Ali al-`Akub as Bayna Allah wa al-Insan fi al-Qur’an: The book was translated into Arabic by `Isa `Ali al-`Akub as Al-Mafhumat al-Akhlaqiyah-al-Diniyah fi al-Qur’an (Halab, Syria:
    keywords: concepts; god; islamic; izutsu; language; meaning; qur’an; qur’anic; reality; semantics; trial; version; weltanschauung; word
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        item: #2030 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3871
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3871
        date: None
       words: 16494
      flesch: 98
     summary: Признавая «парадигму развития» и «дис- курсы развития», которые диктовали способ отношений между окружающей средой и развитием в (бывшем) колониальном мире, я тем не менее была заинтригована вопиющей апатией и безразличием к экологическим проблемам среди улемов в це- лом, а также отсутствием того, чтобы экологические проблемы рассматривались как неотъемлемая часть исламского учения в Эти законы гласят, что в любой замкнутой системе масса и энергия не могут быть со- зданы или уничтожены (даже если они могут вырождаться и распадаться, как во втором и третьем законах термодинамики).
    keywords: alkatiri; climate; islamic; network; new; transition; wardah; world; а не; алкатири; более; больше; быть; варда; власти; время; все; всего; всем; всех; выбросов; где; глобального; глобальный; году; государства; даже; движение; деньги; для; должны; другие; его; если; есть; еще; жизни; журнал; зеленого; зрения; и в; изменения; или; индонезии; ислама; ислама и; как; климата; когда; которая; которой; которые; кто; людей; люди; между; менее; мира; мире; мировоззрение; миру; могут; может; можно; мусульман; мусульманских; на то; нам; населения; насчет; необходимо; нет; них; образом; общества; окружающей; она; они; оон; перед; под; поскольку; при; проблемы; просто; развивающихся; развития; ресурсов; своих; свою; собой; современной; сообществ; справедливости; среды; статье; стран; странах; также; таким; тем; тех; того; только; том; тому; уже; халифата; хотя; чем; что; чтобы; шумахер; экологических; экономики; экономический; энергии; эти; это; этой; этом; юга; является
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        item: #2031 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3872
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3872
        date: None
       words: 8361
      flesch: 96
     summary: Третья модель разрешения споров в Аннотация Мусульмане в Северной Америке, стремясь разре- шить свои частные споры, сталкиваются с много- гранными проблемами доступа к правосудию.
    keywords: 39:3–4; beirut; dār al; family; ibid; ibn; islamic; journal; law; vols; али; брака; быть; властей; для; его; журнал; или; ислама; исламского; ка̄д̣ӣ; как; конкуренция; которые; между; может; мусульманских; общества; они; права; правовой; при; развода; разрешения; религиозных; решение; с̣улх̣; северной; семейных; системы; споров; суда; судебной; судей; судьи; также; того; условия; хул; что; чтобы; это; юридических; юсеф; является
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        item: #2032 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3873
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3873
        date: None
       words: 10391
      flesch: 92
     summary: в области политологии в Аннотация В настоящей статье я объясняю, почему отсутствие дискуссий между политической теорией и сравни- тельной политологией привело к недостаточному пониманию политики традиционными исламскими учеными и исламистами в американской политиче- ской науке.
    keywords: cambridge; democracy; ibid; islamic; journal; law; new; oxford; politics; press; princeton; university; university press; york; а не; более; быть; государства; группировок; демократии; джамаат; для; его; журнал; изучения; или; индонезии; институтов; ислама; ислама и; исламистских; исламского; как; когда; которая; которые; либеральных; маудуди; между; может; можно; мусульманских; например; общества; однако; она; они; пакистана; партии; политической; политологии; поскольку; права; проблемы; своей; сравнительной; табинна; также; текстов; теории; того; только; том; традиции; улемов; хан; что; чтобы; шариата; является
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        item: #2033 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3875
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3875
        date: None
       words: 11139
      flesch: 97
     summary: Я сосредоточусь преимуще- ственно на понимании касб (и зухд в значении «отречение») в экономических вопросах и концептуально и критически рас- смотрю мас̣лах̣а как этическую категорию, которая согласуется с более целостным видением адаб человеческой природы в от- ношении экономического обеспечения и благосостояния. То, что мы се- годня называем «экономикой» или «экономической наукой»13, имеет довольно мало общего с ойкономией («ойкос» как до- машнее хозяйство и «номос» как закон; в целом — «управление домашними делами») и присутствовало в классических ислам- ских текстах с VIII по XIII век, опираясь на
    keywords: 39:3–4; adab; beirut; dār al; ghazālī; ibid; ibn; islamic; iḥyā; kitāb; kitāb al; university; vol; wa al; адаб; аль; богатства; более; газали; дагистани; деятельности; для; должен; других; его; если; жизни; журнал; зухд; и аль; ибн; или; имеет; ислама; исламской; как; касб; контексте; которые; либо; маварди; мас̣лах̣а; между; может; мысли; например; нафс; общества; однако; означает; поведения; поскольку; рамками; сами; сийа̄са; также; того; только; утверждает; ученых; хотя; часто; человека; что; чтобы; шариата; экономической; этом; является
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        item: #2034 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3876
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3876
        date: None
       words: 12421
      flesch: 94
     summary: Подобные дебаты возникали и в теоре- тизировании международных отношений, когда идеи «неомо- дернизации» Скорее всего, причиной этих проблем стал опыт жестокого поселенческого колониализма и геноцида после расчленения Османской империи в 1912 году, за которыми последовала ком- 178 n АМЕРИКАНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ИСЛАМА И ОБЩЕСТВА 39:3–4 мунистическая диктатура, а в 2000-х годах ее сменила посткомму- нистическая светская элита, которая ориентирует своих собствен- ных граждан на ориенталистский образ жизни, и им в этом помо- гают западные чиновники, ставящие «порядок» и неолибераль- ные экономические реформы превыше всего14.
    keywords: 39:3–4; east; hallaq; howell; international; islam; montpetit; muslim; press; review; richter; security; studies; university; war; world; авторитаризм; более; были; власти; войны; время; государства; действительно; демократии; для; его; есть; еще; журнал; и в; и что; ислама; ислама и; истории; как; которая; которые; куру; куру и; куру о; между; мира; мире; мировой; мусульман; мусульманском; нарратив; насилия; обзорные; образом; общества; однако; они; особенно; отношений; поскольку; после; роли; также; таким; тем; того; только; том; улемов; улемы; ученых; хотя; что; что куру; чтобы; эссе; это; этой; этом; является
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        item: #2035 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3877
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3877
        date: None
       words: 1410
      flesch: 91
     summary: Затем я проанализирую некоторые из ее аргументов с точки зрения методологии и сделаю вывод о том, почему данная книга является хорошим образцом научно- го подхода в изучении улемов. Однако в книге не приводится мето- дологического обсуждения того, как собирались и анализиро- вались данные, что является характерной чертой для многих работ в области исламских исследований, по крайней мере, в известной мне литературе по улемам.
    keywords: аль; бен; для; его; как; карадави; оаэ; улемов; что
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        item: #2036 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3878
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3878
        date: None
       words: 1348
      flesch: 98
     summary: F A I R C H I L D R U G G L E S ) Почти любой обзор средневековой исламской истории включа- ет фигуру Шаджар ад-Дурр (в переводе с арабского «Жемчуж- ное дерево»), которая была одной из немногих женщин в ис- ламской истории, носивших титул султана, и единственной, кто начинал свою жизнь как рабыня. Однако работы, анализирующие биографию, правление и влияние Шаджар ад-Дурр, часто упускают из виду ее роль как новатора в области архитектуры.
    keywords: главе; дурр; как; медресе; она; рагглз; также; что; шаджар
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        item: #2037 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3879
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3879
        date: None
       words: 1627
      flesch: 104
     summary: Башир объясняет, что в процессе опреде- ления смысла конкретного отрывка Сайид Хан сначала обра- щался к исламской традиции и тонкостям языка. Хо- тя Башир настаивает на том, что в Южной Азии никогда не было разрыва с исламской традицией, он не принимает во внимание, что модернисты не обязательно характеризуются отказом от тра- диции.
    keywords: башир; его; как; корана; они; сайид; том; традиции; что
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        item: #2038 of 2426
          id: ajiss-388
      author: None
       title: ajiss-388
        date: None
       words: 9598
      flesch: 47
     summary: Language and the Emergence of Human Culture Based on the outlook of the ANTHS theory it is quite legitimate to look for the origin of human culture, because this is what distinguishes the human race from all other species. As such, human language is not only the source upon which the emergence of human culture depends, but it is also at the origin of humanity’s domination of all other living species through its sophisticated and complex cultural system.
    keywords: aql; culture; growth; human; knowledge; nature; social; sociology; spirit; symbols; theory; version; world
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        item: #2039 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3880
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3880
        date: None
       words: 1547
      flesch: 99
     summary: Она утверждает, что их одежда, направления путешествий и способы ухода за собой превращают «Восток» в товар для за- падных потребителей. Ее увлекательные концепции и конкретные приме- ры делают именно это, причем в общедоступной форме.
    keywords: press; university; арджана; главе; для; или; как; которые; мистического; религиозные; традиции; что
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        item: #2040 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3881
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3881
        date: None
       words: 26099
      flesch: 95
     summary: Мутазилиты пришли в упадок и в конечном итоге утратили всякий авторитет среди суннитов, ассимилиро- вавшись с шиитской теологией примерно в V веке по хиджре. Руайхеб делает особый акцент на том, что, вопреки распространен- ным рассказам об интеллектуальном упадке, в XVII в.
    keywords: 39:3–4; asia; blackwell; brown; cambridge; canonization; companion; encyclopedia; exegesis; formation; hadith; hamdeh; history; ibid; ibn; intellectual; islamic; journal; law; muslim; new; oxford; philosophy; press; qur’anic; reason; routledge; shamsy; studies; sufism; taymiyya; theology; university; university press; women; york; а не; а также; абд; абу; аллаха; аль; ахл; ахмад; бинт; благословение; бога; более; была; были; были аль; было; быть; веке; влияние; вместо; время; все; газали; где; году; дин; для; других; его; ему; женщины; жизни; журнал; знания; и аль; и в; и его; и ибн; и их; и на; и не; и что; ибн; ибн аль; или; интеллектуальной; ислама; ислама и; исламской; истории; итоге; как; как аль; как на; когда; конечном; корана; которая; которые; кто; малика; между; мир; можно; мусульман; мусульманской; мухаммада; например; науки; некоторые; несмотря; них; области; образом; общества; однако; она; они; откровения; отличие; период; под; поскольку; после; посредством; против; протяжении; сахих; своего; своих; свою; себя; среди; стал; стороны; так и; также; таким; тем; того; только; том; традиции; ученых; форум; хадисов; хадисы; хиджре; хотя; часть; что; чтобы; шафии; школы; эти; это; этом; является
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        item: #2041 of 2426
          id: ajiss-389
      author: None
       title: ajiss-389
        date: None
       words: 10782
      flesch: 51
     summary: Of course, I am not suggesting that this concept is pure myth; after all, it did exist as a polit- ical entity and is taken as an axiom in the theological explanations of Muslim political life. This supra- national past makes it possible for Muslims to draw on a large corpus of his- torical works in order to retrieve human examples of Muslim resistance, especially within the colonial context.
    keywords: ajiss; american; colonial; iqbal; islamic; jihad; muslim; nation; page; past; pdf; rise; social; trial; version; war; west; world
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        item: #2042 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3893
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3893
        date: None
       words: 8458
      flesch: 55
     summary: 3-4: 180–205 • doi: 10.35632/ajis.v42i3-4.3893 Copyright © 2025 International Institute of Islamic Thought FOrUM  181 Keywords: Mićo Ljubibratić, Qur’ān translation, Serbian nationalism Introduction The year 2025 marks 130 years since the publication of the first edition of Koran (KOPAH), Mićo Ljubibratić Hercegovac’s (1839–1889) Serbian translation of the Qur’ān. The whole cause has just failed.5 The Serbian historian Milorad Ekmečić (1928–2015), in his text published in Biografije Matice Srpske (Biographies of Matica Srpska),6 described Mićo Ljubibratić as follows: Ljubibratić traveled to Italy to negotiate cooperation with Giuseppe Garibaldi, staying in Caprera and Rome.
    keywords: belgrade; bosnia; hadžijahić; herzegovina; islam; kasimirski; kopah; language; ljubibratić; mićo; mićo ljubibratić; muhamed; muslims; orthodox; ottoman; qur’ān; serbian; translation; uprising; work
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        item: #2043 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3894
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3894
        date: None
       words: 716
      flesch: 30
     summary: We begin with Abbas Jong’s work, “Reconfiguring Political Islam: A Discursive Tradition Approach.” As a result, political Islam emerges neither as a discrete ideological project nor a transhistorical expression of Islamic governance.
    keywords: american; islam
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        item: #2044 of 2426
          id: ajiss-390
      author: None
       title: ajiss-390
        date: None
       words: 13932
      flesch: 55
     summary: Unfortunately, Muslim scholars (traditional ulama) have done very little to advance the cause of Islam by coming up with new strategies to deal with such hadiths. Serious inquiry will not res- cue such hadiths, but it will put to rest hadiths of this type that have circu- lated for far too long.
    keywords: ajiss; allah; criteria; god; hadith; islamic; literature; muhammad; muslim; page; pdf; prophet; qur’an; qur’anic; scholars; social; sunnah; traditions; trial; trial version; version; women
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        item: #2045 of 2426
          id: ajiss-393
      author: None
       title: ajiss-393
        date: None
       words: 7858
      flesch: 42
     summary: Some expressions employed to achieve recon- ciliation are al-mufawadat (negotiations), al-hiwar al-sunni al-shi`i (the Sunni-Shi`i dialogue), and al-musarahah bi al-hikmah (stating the fact in a wise way). (Some sources of Muslim movements have used force and political violence to obtain certain political demands).17 Factual expressions also may include descriptions of a certain group’s Islamic per- spectives and practices by relating them to those factors that have influenced them, such as al-Islam al-hadithi (modernist Islam), al-Islam al-librali (lib- eral Islam), al-Islam al-`almani (secular Islam) and al-Islam al-mutasallit (authoritarian Islam).
    keywords: conflicts; expressions; groups; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; implications; islamic; language; muslim; pdf; relations; representation; social; terms; trial; use; version
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        item: #2046 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3931
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3931
        date: None
       words: 486
      flesch: 62
     summary: Yazar bir çözüm yöntemi olarak bölge- deki arabuluculuk ve hakemlik süreçlerinin dini değerlere uygun bir şekilde yapılması amacıyla ortaya çıkan mekanizmaları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Malik Bedri, !slami psikolojinin öncüsü olarak sadece alanında özgün katkılar sunmakla kalmamış, fikirleriyle küresel çapta toplum- sal dönüşümlere de vesile olmuştur.
    keywords: ahlaki; bir; olarak; slam
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        item: #2047 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3932
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3932
        date: None
       words: 9830
      flesch: 63
     summary: Eko- nomik faaliyetlere ilişkin böyle bir algı isteklerin yerini ihtiyaçların aldığını ve tüm faaliyetlerin, bir bireyin veya bir topluluğun refahını arttırmaya yönelik amaçları gerçekleştirmede birer araç olarak görülmesi gerektiğini ima eder. Makamlar, kişinin dinî hayatının bir parçası olarak günlük faaliyetler içinde sıkı bir manevi egzersiz ve adanmışlık yoluyla elde edilebilir.
    keywords: a.g.e; ahlaki; ancak; anlamına; arasında; aynı; ayrıca; bağlamında; beyrut; bir; bireysel; birlikte; bkz; daha; davranış; değil; dinî; diğer; dünyâ; düşüncesi; edeb; edebin; eder; ekonomik; elde; ele; erdemli; fayda; fıkhi; gazzâlî; gazzâlî’nin; genel; geçimini; gibi; göre; hakkında; hem; hukuki; ifade; iktisadi; iktisat; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; insan; islamic; iyi; için; i̇bn; i̇hyâ; kendi; kesb; kişinin; klasik; manevi; maslahat; mâverdî; müslüman; nasıl; olan; olarak; olduğunu; para; press; sadece; servet; tarafından; tasavvuf; temel; ticaret; university; veya; yerine; yoluyla; yönelik; zamanda; zühd; züht; çeşitli; çok; örneğin; şekilde; şeriat; şeybânî
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        item: #2048 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3933
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3933
        date: None
       words: 11193
      flesch: 61
     summary: Bun- dan dolayı niyet hadisi Kur’an’ın “Öyleyse Allah’a ihlaslı bir şekilde dua edin” (40:14) ayetinin bir aktarımı olarak görülebilir ve hatta böyle de okunmuştur. Örneğin, bir rivayete göre “Allah dış görünüşünü- ze ve mallarınıza bakmaz, ama kalplerinizde olana ve amellerinize bakar.
    keywords: ahlaki; alan; allah; ancak; arasındaki; asad; asad’in; aynı; başka; bedensel; belirli; benim; benliğin; bilgi; bir; birlikte; biçimleri; bkz; bunun; burada; böylece; daha; dair; değil; dikkat; dil; diğer; dolayısıyla; doğru; düşünce; ebû; eder; ele; erdemli; etnografik; eylemin; faillik; failliğe; gazzâlî; gazzâlî’nin; gazzâlî’ye; gelenek; geleneğin; gibi; göre; görüşme; hadis; hakkındaki; hem; hicret; iki; ilahi; ile; ilgili; ilişkin; inayet; insan; irade; istek; iyi; için; içsel; i̇hyâ; i̇slam; kabul; kalbin; kasıt; kendi; kişilerin; kişinin; mahmood; mahmood’un; nasıl; nedenle; niyet; niyetin; olan; olarak; olduğunu; onun; ortaya; piety; politics; secular; seküler; slam; son; söylemsel; tam; tek; translations; tüm; veya; yaptığı; yaşam; yeniden; yer; yerine; yoluyla; yönelik; zamanda; çünkü; önemli; üzere; üzerine; şekilde; şeklinde; şey
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        item: #2049 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3934
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3934
        date: None
       words: 7568
      flesch: 62
     summary: Özünde bir hüküm meşru bir yetkili ta- rafından ilahi bir kaynağa göre verilen ve bir anlaşmazlığı geri dönülemez bir şekilde çözen hukuki ve ahlaki olarak bağlayıcı bir yargıdır.[31] Hüküm yalnızca davacıları bağlamakla kalmaz, aynı konuda farklı bir görüşe sahip olabilecek fıkıhçılar gibi üçüncü tara*arı da ahlaki olarak sorumlu kılar.[32] Bir hükmün otoriter olması “herhangi bir hukuk kuralına uygun olmasından değil Evliliğe ilişkin bu dinî algıya rağmen, !slam hukuku diğer şeri hukuk- lara kıyasla evliliği bir “statü” olmaktan çıkarıp bir “sözleşme” hâline getiren muhtemelen ilk hukuktur.[8] Evlilik ilişkisini, dinî bir görevi yerine getirmeyi taahhüt eden, hukuki ve ahlaki açıdan sorumlu iki birey arasında bağlayıcı bir dinî anlaşma ve hukuki bir eylem olarak ele alır.[9] Bu sosyal ve dinî sözleşme otomatik olarak !
    keywords: a.g.e; aile; ancak; arasında; baskı; bazı; bağlayıcı; bağlı; beyrut; bir; bkz; boşanma; daha; de=+9)@3+;,4"f-")2#$"3,)@,$+)ge4e4e)1+)h";'ih";j'#"$)k6;+l$+; dinî; dârü’l; eder; elde; evlilik; family; farklı; feshi; fesih; fıkhi; gayrimüslim; genel; hakları; hem; hukuku; hukukunun; ilgili; ilişkin; ise; islamic; için; journal; kadıların; kararı; kocanın; konusunda; kuzey; law; modern; muhammed; müslüman; nşr; olan; olarak; rağmen; sahip; seküler; siyasi; slam; sosyal; sulh; tahkim; tarafından; temel; toplumsal; uygun; veya; yargı; yasal; yazılı; yerine; yoluyla; çok; çoğu; şekilde
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        item: #2050 of 2426
          id: ajiss-3935
      author: None
       title: ajiss-3935
        date: None
       words: 6370
      flesch: 56
     summary: Dolayısıyla, Müslüman dünyada dinin psikoloji içinde benimsenmesi ve kabul edilmesinde çok fazla ilerleme katedilmiş olmakla bir- likte, bu gelişmeler çoğunlukla, normalde seküler olan bir psikoloji paradigma- sına ! Bu hayırlı karşılaşma, Malcolm X’in geleneksel !slam’ı benimsemesi, Hacı Malik Shabazz’a dönüşmesi ve nihayetinde siyah Amerikalılardan oluşan bir ulusu ve tüm dünyayı dönüştürmesi için itici güç olacak sürekli bir dostluğa dönüştü.
    keywords: aids; arapça; awaad; batı; batılı; başlığı; bedri; bedri’nin; bir; daha; doğru; duygusal; dünya; ilk; institute; international; islamic; için; i̇slami; journal; kendi; kitap; konusunda; kültürel; makale; malik; manevi; medical; muslim; müslüman; olan; olarak; onun; ortaya; profesör; psikologların; psikoloji; psikolojinin; psychiatry; psychologists; psychology; sayı; seküler; slami; social; son; sudan; türü; uluslararası; university; washington; yaptığı; yayının; yerli; yönelik; yılı; çok; şekilde
       cache: ajiss-3935.pdf
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        item: #2051 of 2426
          id: ajiss-394
      author: None
       title: ajiss-394
        date: None
       words: 9158
      flesch: 65
     summary: But such Ithna `Ashari scholars of hadith and Qur’anic exe- gesis as `Abd Allah ibn Ja`far al-Himyari al-Qummi41 and Muhammad ibn Mas`ud ibn Muhammad ibn `Ayyash al-Sulami al-Samarqandi (d. 320/932)42 retained the tradition of quoting such reports in their books. The third group rejects the entire concept of bada, saying that it is unthinkable for God to do such a thing.48 The Mu`tazili theologian Abu al-Husayn al-Khayyat (d. 300/912)
    keywords: abu; ali; bada; change; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; imamate; isma`il; ithna; ja`far; mind; muhammad; reports; shi`ah; shi`i
       cache: ajiss-394.pdf
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        item: #2052 of 2426
          id: ajiss-395
      author: None
       title: ajiss-395
        date: None
       words: 10027
      flesch: 49
     summary: In his latest book on European Muslims (Edinburgh University Press, forthcoming), he argues that Europe must come to terms with all of its past and present history and that Muslim communities should work to be integral to, rather than simply “integrated” parts of, Europe. The future may be uncertain, but it is at least clear that in some EU countries the attempt to direct the development of European Muslim communities from “home countries” has either failed or is failing.61 The psychological migration of European Muslim communities is underway, and as it fulfils itself the ownership of all aspects of Islamic scholarship will naturally be turned over to those who are European (and thus best equipped to understand European societies) and conversant in all relevant spheres per- taining to the contemporary twenty-first-century situation.
    keywords: communities; community; europe; european; history; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; islamic; muslims; pdf; precedent; present; recognition; religion; social; state; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-395.pdf
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        item: #2053 of 2426
          id: ajiss-396
      author: None
       title: ajiss-396
        date: None
       words: 7336
      flesch: 47
     summary: More specifically, the two research questions of interest are as follows: RQ1: Do state mosques in West Malaysia have adequate systems of internal control on the receipt of income? RQ 2: Do state mosques in West Malaysia have adequate systems of internal control on the disbursement of funds?
    keywords: control; control systems; financial; funds; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; internal; islamic; malaysia; mosques; state; state mosques; systems
       cache: ajiss-396.pdf
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        item: #2054 of 2426
          id: ajiss-397
      author: None
       title: ajiss-397
        date: None
       words: 11407
      flesch: 46
     summary: Shaykh al-Islam Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur, the father of modern Islamic economics, taught at Zaytuna University (Tunis), which traditionally ranked right after al-Azhar (Cairo) as the world’s leading Muslim university, and rose to become the Grand Mufti of Tunisia. The first English translation of the Qur’an that I have found with an index list- ing “love” was prepared by the Sufi shaykh Nooruddean Durkee, founder of Dar al-Islam in Abiquiu, NM, and completed in 2000 in Green Mountain, VA (www.an-noor.net).
    keywords: american; crane; economic; freedom; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; justice; law; new; pdf; power; religion; rights; social; thought; traditionalist; trial; version; world
       cache: ajiss-397.pdf
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        item: #2055 of 2426
          id: ajiss-398
      author: None
       title: ajiss-398
        date: None
       words: 6715
      flesch: 65
     summary: The first one is a dream experience that young Weiss had had years before he visited Arabia and embraced Islam. Allahu Akbar.13 Kamala Das’ Existential Crisis Like the young Leopold Weiss, Kamala Das too was tormented by peren- nial questions concerning self and existence.
    keywords: asad; das; desert; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islam; kamala; life; pdf; self; trial; weiss; world
       cache: ajiss-398.pdf
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        item: #2056 of 2426
          id: ajiss-399
      author: None
       title: ajiss-399
        date: None
       words: 14457
      flesch: 47
     summary: This period set forth solid grounds for political Islam and the Islamists’ electoral successes after the late 1980s. Michael C. Hudson, “Obstacles to Democratization in the Middle East,” The New Shape of the Middle East Conference (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994); Michael C. Hudson, “After the Gulf War: Prospects for Democratization in the Arab World,” Middle East Journal 45, no. 3 (1991): 407-40; John L. Esposito, Islam and Politics (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1994); Saad Eddin Ibrahim, “Crises, Elites, and Democratization in the Arab World,” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (1993): 292-305; Richard Augustus Norton, “The Future of Civil Society in the Middle East,” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (1993): 205-16; Alan Richards, “Economic Imperatives and Political Systems,” Middle East Journal 47, no. 2 (1993): 217-27; and Alan Richards, “Virtuous Circles?
    keywords: american; arab; country; democracy; democratization; east; elections; government; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; iraq; islamic; islamists; journal; middle; middle east; pdf; region; state; trial; united; version; wave; west; world
       cache: ajiss-399.pdf
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        item: #2057 of 2426
          id: ajiss-400
      author: None
       title: ajiss-400
        date: None
       words: 16359
      flesch: 60
     summary: Muhammad al-Fadil ibn `Ashur, Al-Harakah al-Adabiyah wa al-Fikriyah fi Tunis (Tunis: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah li al-Nashr, 1983), 27-28; Ma`n Ziyadeh, Khayr al-Din wa Kitabuh Aqwam al-Masalik fi Ma`rifat Ahwal al-Mamalik (Beirut: al-Mu’assassah al-Jami`iyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 1405/1985), 36; Carl Brown, “Part One: An Appreciation of the Surest Path” (hereinafter in “An Appreciation”) in The Surest Path: The Political Treatise of a Nineteenth- century Muslim Statesman (hereinafter The Surest Path, being Brown’s English translation of Khayr al-Din’s Aqwam al-Masalik) (Cambridge, MA : Center for Middle Easter Studies, Harvard University, 1967), 25. 4. Other council members were Ibn Abi al-Diyaf and General Hussein, a stu- dent of Qabadu at the Bardo School and Khayr al-Din’s son-in-law; shaykhs al-Tayyib al-Nayfar, Muhammad al-Tahir ibn `Ashur, Muhammad al-`Aziz Bu`Attur, Salim BuHajib, `Umar ibn al-Sheikh; and other military and civil- ians figures.
    keywords: abi al; ahmad; aqwam al; bey; brown; din; din al; european; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibid; ibn; islamic; khayr al; khaznadar; masalik; muhammad al; muslim; path; pdf; qabadu; reform; reformist; sciences; trial; tunisia; ulama; version
       cache: ajiss-400.pdf
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        item: #2058 of 2426
          id: ajiss-401
      author: None
       title: ajiss-401
        date: None
       words: 6936
      flesch: 40
     summary: Commitment to religious beliefs,77 val- ues, and practices can take root only in the presence of religious knowledge, because only religious knowledge is tacit, intuitive, internal, conceptual, subjective, and equal to understanding. Therefore, it can be said that the role of knowledge in religious education is vital; however, we also need information, especially when our goals are to transfer information about religion62 or to discuss inter-religious issues.63 But religious education does not merely seek to impart religious information to students, because there are people who have an abundance of religious information and yet feel no obligation to implement religious and moral principles.
    keywords: education; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; information; knowledge; moral; pdf; press; religion; trial; version; view
       cache: ajiss-401.pdf
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        item: #2059 of 2426
          id: ajiss-402
      author: None
       title: ajiss-402
        date: None
       words: 13328
      flesch: 59
     summary: Makdisi mentions al-Khattabi along with the Hanbalite mystic al-Ansari al-Harawi (d. 481/1088), who wrote Dhamm al- Kalam (The Condemnation of Speculative Theology), and the Hanbalite Ibn Qudama (d. 620/1223), who authored Tahrim al-Nazar fi Kutub Ahl al-Kalam (Prohibiting the Study of Books Composed by Adherents of Speculative Theology). It is not surprising, therefore, that we find al-Khattabi’s scholarly out- put explicitly acknowledged and incorporated into the works of his numer- ous students, some of whom went on to become quite prominent: Abu Dharr al-Harawi (d. 435/1044), `Abd al-Ghafir al-Naysaburi (d. 448/1014), al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, and Abu `Ubayd al-Harawi (d. 401/1011).
    keywords: abd; abd al; abu; abu dawud; book; dawud; hadith; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; ibn al; islamic; khattabi; knowledge; law; muhammad; muhammad ibn; muslim; pdf; scholars; shafi`i; state; sunan; traditions; trial; version
       cache: ajiss-402.pdf
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        item: #2060 of 2426
          id: ajiss-403
      author: None
       title: ajiss-403
        date: None
       words: 10209
      flesch: 57
     summary: Presenting Saul as somehow unworthy conveys this idea. 248. (Cairo: al-Hay’ah al- 46 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 25:3 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk http://www.software-partners.co.uk Misriyyah al-`Ammah li al-Kitab, 1979); Abu Ja`far Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid al-Tabari (d. 310/923), Jami` al-Bayan `an Ta’wil ay al-Qur’an, ed.
    keywords: allah; bible; biblical; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; intertextuality; joshua; king; new; pdf; qur’anic; reading; samuel; saul; story; talut; texts; trial; verse; version
       cache: ajiss-403.pdf
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        item: #2061 of 2426
          id: ajiss-404
      author: None
       title: ajiss-404
        date: None
       words: 3943
      flesch: 52
     summary: William Chittick, The Heart of Islamic Philosophy: The Quest for Self- Knowledge in the Writings of Afdal al-Din Kashani (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 36. 7. William Chittick, Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World (Oxford: Oneworld, 2007), 83. 8. William Chittick, “The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology,” in Reason and Inspiration in Islam: Theology, Philosophy, and Mysticism in Muslim Thought, ed.
    keywords: chittick; cosmos; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; human; islamic; names; self
       cache: ajiss-404.pdf
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        item: #2062 of 2426
          id: ajiss-405
      author: None
       title: ajiss-405
        date: None
       words: 9303
      flesch: 51
     summary: For Sa`idzadeh, such laws are amenable to change.24 According to Ayatullah Mohagheg Damad, since civil rules are vari- able, Islamic law must change accordingly. These are some of the most challenging ques- tions facing contemporary scholars of Islam.1 Some scholars suggest that reformation should be interwoven with the reexamination of the authenticity and pivotal roles of the sunnah and the hadith,2 while others want to revisit Islamic law as it was formulated in the classical period and reexamine the tra- ditional exegetical literature.
    keywords: god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; juridical; jurists; law; laws; muslims; pdf; qur’an; reformation; sunnah; trial; version; women
       cache: ajiss-405.pdf
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        item: #2063 of 2426
          id: ajiss-406
      author: None
       title: ajiss-406
        date: None
       words: 6628
      flesch: 59
     summary: Ahmad ibn `Ali al-Buni, Kitab Shams al-Ma`arif al-Kubra wa-Lata’if al- `Awarif, 4 vols. The work and al-Buni, both of Hehmeyer: Water and Sign Magic in al-Jabin, Yemen 85 FIGURE 3: The Bayt al-Shaykh settlement’s cistern.
    keywords: buni; charaktere; group; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; islamic; jabin; magic; pdf; siegel; signs; trial; und; version; water; winkler; yemen
       cache: ajiss-406.pdf
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        item: #2064 of 2426
          id: ajiss-407
      author: None
       title: ajiss-407
        date: None
       words: 6822
      flesch: 71
     summary: Thus, to speak about death and life after death as presented in an old text, a pre-modern text – and here it is the Qur’an that I would like to exam- ine – is to try and imagine a world in which the reality of death was the only certitude and the only predictable element in human life. But the arguments conducted around the topic of death function well, because they rest on the shared assumption of Muhammad and the pagans that death renders human life incomplete and so is a problem in human exis- tence.
    keywords: day; death; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; human; humanity; life; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-407.pdf
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        item: #2065 of 2426
          id: ajiss-408
      author: None
       title: ajiss-408
        date: None
       words: 3417
      flesch: 57
     summary: This is a mixed blessing, for while many traditional texts are more avail- able to a larger group of people – including women, who may have been on the periphery of many madrasas – reading such texts, particularly mystical ones, in new settings risks engendering a further breakdown of normative structures at a time when a cacophony of voices are speaking Islamicly. We have a limited number of premodern texts written by women in their own voices.
    keywords: divine; god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; muslims; qur’an; texts
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        item: #2066 of 2426
          id: ajiss-409
      author: None
       title: ajiss-409
        date: None
       words: 9385
      flesch: 61
     summary: For more details, see Mohammad al-Tahir ibn `Ashur, Tafs¥r al-Taúr¥r wa al- Tanw¥r (Tunisia: al-Dar al-Tunisiyyah li al-Nashr, n.d.), 11:198. Mahmun ibn `Umar al-Zamakhshari, Al-KashshŒf `an îaqŒ’iq GhawŒmid al- Tanz¥l wa `Uy´n al-AqŒwil f¥ Wuj´h al-Ta’w¥l (Beirut: Dar al-Ma`rifah, n.d.), 2:89 and Muhammad `Abduh, Tafs¥r al-ManŒr (Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyyal al-`Ammah li al-Kitab, 1972), 8:47. 23.
    keywords: god; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; message; messengers; muhammad; noah; people; story; s´rah; unbelievers; warning
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        item: #2067 of 2426
          id: ajiss-410
      author: None
       title: ajiss-410
        date: None
       words: 11045
      flesch: 61
     summary: As regards the Qur’anic terms such as §alŒt, zakŒt, §awm, hajj, `umrah, nahr, al-Masjid al-îarŒm, SafŒ, Marwah, sa`ye, ‹awŒf, etc., I have inter- preted them only in the light of al-sunnah al-mutawŒtirah. As for the well- known Islamic terms, their original meaning is preserved in practical form through al-sunnah al-mutawŒtirah.
    keywords: allah; coherence; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; islahi; islamic; pdf; qur’an; s´rah; tafs¥r; theme; trial; verses; version
       cache: ajiss-410.pdf
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        item: #2068 of 2426
          id: ajiss-411
      author: None
       title: ajiss-411
        date: None
       words: 6442
      flesch: 59
     summary: This is clearly reflected in the two representative treatises on money: those of al-Suyuti (d. 1506), written at the beginning of the century, and of al-Tumurtashi (d. 1598), written at its end. Thus, it focuses on al-Suyuti and al-Tumurtashi, as I could locate only their two exclusively monetary works.
    keywords: century; coins; ful´s; gold; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibid; ibn; money; muslim; scholars; silver; thought
       cache: ajiss-411.pdf
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        item: #2069 of 2426
          id: ajiss-412
      author: None
       title: ajiss-412
        date: None
       words: 13111
      flesch: 47
     summary: In 1976, he changed the movement’s name to the World Community of al-Islam in the West (WCIW). But the postulate that “Islam rejects the attribution of any human form to God,”101 while certainly true for virtually all articulations of Islam today, is demonstrably not true for all articulations – orthodox or sectarian – throughout Islam’s long history.102 If the reconstituted NOI could embrace the spirit and the goal of the “Third Resurrection,” it might just make itself again at least a participant in the discussion regarding a viable formulation of Black American Islam.
    keywords: african; american; american islam; black; elijah; elijah muhammad; god; hanbal; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; ibn; ibn hanbal; islam; islamic; jackson; muhammad; muslim; nation; new; noi; pdf; sunni; theology; tradition; trial; version
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        item: #2070 of 2426
          id: ajiss-413
      author: None
       title: ajiss-413
        date: None
       words: 8467
      flesch: 56
     summary: Third, it also points to how many Muslims might choose to ask religious experts when facing a somewhat difficult problem on the road of Islamic governance. This could also be seen as an experiment in alternative development and non-state governance.4 Using a metaphorical approach with a special emphasis on the state and its monopoly of violence, notably its power to punish, I would argue that the kinds of governance needed for Muslims to maintain their Islamic inspira- tions should be soft governance.
    keywords: governance; http://www.software-partners.co.uk; human; islam; islamic; life; metaphors; muslim; pdf; ship; state; stranger; trial; version; world
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        item: #2071 of 2426
          id: ajiss-414
      author: None
       title: ajiss-414
        date: None
       words: 10662
      flesch: 50
     summary: Thus the democratic values of political pluralism and tolerance are perfectly compatible with Islam.97 Thus, against the view that Islam and liberal democracy are incompati- ble are two versions of liberal Islam arguing, albeit for different reasons, that Islam is not an obstacle to establishing liberal democracies in the Muslim world. Given that the Islamist perspective portrayed above by Maududi and Qutb rejects liberal democracy as incompatible with Islam, we now focus on two variants of liberal Islam to see how they align themselves with the type of liberal democracy defended here.
    keywords: autonomy; democracy; differences; groups; ibid; individuals; islam; islamic; kymlicka; liberal; liberalism; life; society; toleration
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        item: #2072 of 2426
          id: ajiss-415
      author: None
       title: ajiss-415
        date: None
       words: 8775
      flesch: 45
     summary: Indeed, Islamic corporations should endeavor to be the epicenter in the business galaxy of promoting good CSR practices. Section 3 describes the maqasid al-Shari`ah together with the principle of maslahah.
    keywords: business; corporation; csr; harm; interests; islamic; maqasid; maslahah; principles; public; responsibility; shari`ah; social; society
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        item: #2073 of 2426
          id: ajiss-416
      author: None
       title: ajiss-416
        date: None
       words: 11006
      flesch: 56
     summary: This study seeks to provide a framework for understanding this phenomenon within the Islamic ethico-religious perspective by focusing on such natural disasters as earthquakes, cyclones, subsidence, and floods. Making Sense of Natural Disasters: An Islamic Hermeneutics of Malevolent Phenomena in Nature and Its Implication for Sustainable Development Abdul Kabir Hussain Solihu Abstract Islam states that both natural phenomena and humanity are cre- ated in the best conceivable pattern.
    keywords: death; development; disasters; earth; evil; god; good; human; humanity; islamic; law; life; nature; people; perspective; population; qur’an; rate; social; world
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        item: #2074 of 2426
          id: ajiss-417
      author: None
       title: ajiss-417
        date: None
       words: 10208
      flesch: 66
     summary: Bashir Idris Jum’ah, Al-Ra’y wa Atharuh fi al-Fiqh al-Islami (Cairo: n.d.), 24. 26. For more information, see Bashir Idris Jum`ah, Al-Ra’y wa Asaruh fi al-Fiqh al-Islami, 16-18.
    keywords: abu; companions; god; ibn; ibn al; ijtihad; islamic; istihsan; law; nass; prophet; qiyas; qur’an; ra’y; ruling; shari`ah
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        item: #2075 of 2426
          id: ajiss-418
      author: None
       title: ajiss-418
        date: None
       words: 8661
      flesch: 53
     summary: Introduction The emergence of Islamist movements throughout much of the Muslim world since the 1970s remains a source of tension and instability for the con- temporary international system. However, Islamist movements are unique in that they challenge the very nature of modern statehood and the organization of communal life.
    keywords: action; frame; framing; ibid; ideology; islam; islamic; islamist; kepel; master; movement; muslim; nationalism; social; world
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        item: #2076 of 2426
          id: ajiss-419
      author: None
       title: ajiss-419
        date: None
       words: 8664
      flesch: 58
     summary: In fact, many Islamic works of a general nature have dealt with various aspects of the Islamic worldview, which, if integrated and well organized, could form the initial framework for constructing a separate field of research on worldview studies. In fact, many works do not even contain a spe- cific reference to Islamic worldview or its conceptual development and applications; however, several works do cover the main topics falling under that term.
    keywords: concept; development; existence; framework; god; history; humanity; islamic; islamic worldview; knowledge; life; qur’an; studies; worldview; worldview studies
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        item: #2077 of 2426
          id: ajiss-420
      author: None
       title: ajiss-420
        date: None
       words: 11390
      flesch: 49
     summary: To the secularism of the West Islam opposes its notion of the sovereignty of God. Its adherents also forcefully assert that liberal Islam is authentic, not just merely a western creation, and therefore genuinely reflects the true Islamic tradition.
    keywords: civilization; development; ibid; intellectual; islamic; knowledge; liberal; modernity; muslim; new; social; thought; ummah; west; world; worldview
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        item: #2078 of 2426
          id: ajiss-421
      author: None
       title: ajiss-421
        date: None
       words: 9576
      flesch: 58
     summary: It would appear, therefore, that the findings of Moaddel and Azadarmaki and other survey reports, along with the conventional wisdom on Muslim religious identity, are confirmed. One should discover that Muslims in one country, regardless of region, continent, or status (e.g., majority, plurality, or minority), should express opinions differing from those of non-Muslims and hold opinions resembling those of other Muslims.
    keywords: arab; bangladesh; countries; country; data; fight; identity; islam; islamic; muslims; national; non; turkey; ummah; world
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        item: #2079 of 2426
          id: ajiss-422
      author: None
       title: ajiss-422
        date: None
       words: 10801
      flesch: 70
     summary: Many students thought of a masjid as a sacred place where people bow down in prayer. ”1 It stresses the importance of a well-rounded education so that students can critically engage global issues affected not only by religion, but also by anthropology, history, sociology, psychology, philosophy, feminism, women’s studies, art, meditation, ritual participation, dialogue, and more.
    keywords: american; culture; experience; girls; islam; islamic; muslims; new; people; religion; students; women; world
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        item: #2080 of 2426
          id: ajiss-423
      author: None
       title: ajiss-423
        date: None
       words: 9431
      flesch: 47
     summary: This debate continues with vigor in the field of Islamic studies as a whole, and within Sufi studies, as will be discussed below. Sufi studies in North America may be characterized as the subfield of Islamic studies most engaged in bridge building and dialogue between the West and Islam,30 whereas some other subfields tend to be perceived by Muslims as the home of those who wish to chip away at confidence in Islam.
    keywords: american; ibn; islam; islamic; language; muslim; nasr; new; press; religion; research; role; scholars; social; students; studies; study; sufi studies; sufism; university; work; world
       cache: ajiss-423.pdf
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        item: #2081 of 2426
          id: ajiss-424
      author: None
       title: ajiss-424
        date: None
       words: 11000
      flesch: 55
     summary: Ahmad: Muslim Women’s Experiences 65 In many ways, these experiences contributed to their efforts to develop closer friendships with other Muslim women with whom a sense of shared solidarity could be enjoyed. By studying their experiences with higher education and its impact on their attitudes toward their religious and cultural identities, I argue that Muslim women and their families increasingly view higher edu- cation as a personal and social commodity and a means for upward social mobility.
    keywords: ahmad; asian; education; experiences; home; identities; life; muslim; muslim women; people; social; south; students; university; women
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        item: #2082 of 2426
          id: ajiss-425
      author: None
       title: ajiss-425
        date: None
       words: 9470
      flesch: 63
     summary: Although non-Muslim students were not the only peers who minoritized Muslim women in terms of the dating culture, the dominant dating culture also pervaded minority Muslim spaces. Muslim women made sophisticated and critical choices among these, instead of accepting dictated solutions to their questions from others, whether Muslim or non-Muslim.
    keywords: american; culture; dating; dominant; gender; heather; identity; majority; marriage; muslim; non; women
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        item: #2083 of 2426
          id: ajiss-426
      author: None
       title: ajiss-426
        date: None
       words: 10317
      flesch: 47
     summary: By higher Islamic education, I refer to higher education institutions specializing in Islamic traditional sciences or Islamic studies,1 as well as those that offer all sciences or knowledge from the Islamic perspective. Introduction The number of institutions of higher Islamic education or faculties of Islamic studies has increased greatly, especially since most Muslim coun- tries became independent.
    keywords: curriculum; education; good; institutions; intellectualism; islamic; knowledge; muslim; philosophy; sciences; social; students; studies; teachers; thought; traditional; university
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        item: #2084 of 2426
          id: ajiss-427
      author: None
       title: ajiss-427
        date: None
       words: 10844
      flesch: 52
     summary: Efforts to recognize other caliphates also failed, as the general consensus was that if there were any desire among Muslims to recognize a new caliph, that honor would remain with the Turks.62 The end of Hussein and his caliphate, however, came not from Britain or any external source, but rather from his principal rival in the Arabian peninsula: Despite fears of Wahhabi Khan: The “Caliphate Question” 19 control over the Hejaz, it was apparent to the British that “the majority of [Indian] Moslems were so unfavorably disposed towards the Sherifian fam- ily” that Hashemite control over the area was considered relatively more repugnant than that of the House of Saud.73 If this were not enough, the Khi- lafat Committee made it clear in a very strongly worded telegram that under no circumstances would British Muslim opinion be favorable toward any non-Muslim intervention in the holy cities.74 Hussein was essentially spurned by the very power that had supported him throughout his war against the Ottomans.
    keywords: arab; britain; british; caliphate; empire; hussein; india; islamic; muslim; office; ottoman; ottoman caliphate; ottoman empire; policy; sultan; support; war; world
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        item: #2085 of 2426
          id: ajiss-428
      author: None
       title: ajiss-428
        date: None
       words: 10461
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the thirteenth century, the prominent Shi`i jurist Takim: The Origins and Evaluations of Hadith Transmitters 39 al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli (d. 1277) proposed adopting ijtihad as an important source of law.61 By doing so, he was sacrificing certitude and accepting an element of probability in the Shi`i juridical system. Forms of Authentications in the Biographical Literature A salient feature of Shi`i biographical texts is that a transmitter can be authen- ticated in two distinct ways: al-tawthiqat al-khassah (specified authentica- tion) refers to authenticating one disciple as opposed to al-tawthiqat al- `ammah (generalized authentication), in which several people are authenti- cated at the same time.
    keywords: biographical; hadith; ibn; ibn al; imams; later; muhammad; najashi; rijal; scholars; shi`i; traditions; transmitters; tusi; works
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        item: #2086 of 2426
          id: ajiss-429
      author: None
       title: ajiss-429
        date: None
       words: 10509
      flesch: 73
     summary: Al-Masjid al-Haram was built by Abraham and Ishamel,93 and al-Masjid al-Aqsa was built by Solomon.94 There is a gap of several generations between these people. He tries to solve this problem by referring to an unsubstantiated story that Adam built the Ka`bah and one of his sons built al-Masjid al-Aqsa, thus making the time gap around forty years.101 Al-Tabarani and al-Khattabi also adopted this line of argu- ment.
    keywords: abu; allah; hadith; ibn; kitab al; muslim; people; prophet; qur’an; sahih; saw; tradition; vol
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        item: #2087 of 2426
          id: ajiss-430
      author: None
       title: ajiss-430
        date: None
       words: 7953
      flesch: 46
     summary: Having a ZAS may help to reduce the national differences in the prac- tice of zakat accounting. The main purpose of having a standard for zakat accounting practices is to narrow the areas of difference among those firms that pay zakat and those zakat author- ities who manage zakat as it relates to the methods of disclosure, computa- tion, and presentation of financial information in financial statements.25 78 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4 Adopting a standardized method will improve the quantity and quality of the information found in published financial reports.26 AAOIFI FAS 9, MASB FRS i-1, and MASB TR i-1 Based on the preceding discussion, one might reasonably ask whether there is any existing standard now in place that might help us develop a ZAS.
    keywords: abdul; accounting; business; companies; i-1; islamic; malaysia; masb; standard; system; wealth; zakat; zakat accounting; zas
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        item: #2088 of 2426
          id: ajiss-432
      author: None
       title: ajiss-432
        date: None
       words: 4369
      flesch: 66
     summary: First, Iqbal has harmonized the exalted position of Man among the other crea- tures with the fact of the presence and dominance of God over all, by mak- ing Man God’s vicegerent on Earth. One of the ideas that run throughout Iqbal’s various works is the idea that Man is the supreme creation and that he is the over-lord in all nature.
    keywords: god; humanism; iqbal; life; man; note; thou; world
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        item: #2089 of 2426
          id: ajiss-433
      author: None
       title: ajiss-433
        date: None
       words: 8115
      flesch: 52
     summary: In fact, he even says that we have to use the Qur’an to interpret its meaning: tafsir al-Qur’an bi al-Qur’an.44 Another assertion describes the preconditions of a true interpretation: The true Muslim in the judgment of the Qur’an is he Toward a Philosophical Approach of the Hermeneutics of the Qur’an 21 22 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 In his Kitab Jawahir al-Qur’an (Jewels of the Qur’an), al-Ghazali sum- marizes his doctrine of interpretation after being asked about the benefit of employing allegories in the Qur’an, since they embody, to some extent, clear indications of what is true and correct: Know that every benefit lies beyond these indications, for these are a sam- ple presented here in order that you may know by them the definition of the road to spiritual meanings of the invisible world through the traditional words, so that the doors of the unveiling of the meaning of the Qur’an may be opened [to you] and the methods of diving in their seas may be known.30 Rational and Modern Hermeneutics:
    keywords: abduh; approach; ghazali; god; habermas; hermeneutics; interpretation; islam; meaning; muslim; qur’an; text; understanding
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        item: #2090 of 2426
          id: ajiss-434
      author: None
       title: ajiss-434
        date: None
       words: 7168
      flesch: 66
     summary: Luxury crafts Mohamed: The Islamic Philosophy of Labor and Crafts 43 44 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:1 are found in cities with a developed culture, such as cooking, biscuit baking, and the weaving of brocade.50 Like Isfahani, inspiration from God also determines sustenance, but labor is essential for profit.51 Some crafts are associated with other crafts: for example, carpentry and weaving are connected to wood and yarn. Ibn Khaldun places such crafts as singing and calligraphy in the “noble” category.
    keywords: crafts; god; ibid; ibn; ikhwan; isfahani; islamic; khaldun; labor; people; soul; wealth; work
       cache: ajiss-434.pdf
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        item: #2091 of 2426
          id: ajiss-435
      author: None
       title: ajiss-435
        date: None
       words: 5967
      flesch: 58
     summary: In Qur’an Liberation, and Pluralism (p. 53), Esack suggests that the Qur’an is primarily addressed to the people of Hejaz living during the Prophet’s time. Atomistic readings of the Qur’an, in which individual Muslims pluck a particular verse because it speaks to them at that moment is fine for those particular individuals, since the purpose of such selections is not to find a master metaphor that renders the rest of Qur’an intelligible, but simply to find in a particular verse something that resonates with their current circumstances.
    keywords: islamic; muslims; order; power; qur’an; reading; social; text; ummah; way
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        item: #2092 of 2426
          id: ajiss-436
      author: None
       title: ajiss-436
        date: None
       words: 10259
      flesch: 57
     summary: In other words, if Islam can be said to have a concept of money’s time value, it can be considered an ex-post one, for an ex-post return on capital in trade and business is the only source that rec- ognizes money’s pure time value. Given this notion, which is contrary to that of Khan and Kahf, he held the opinion that placing a value on time when dealing with murabahah transactions is not permissible, but that it is permissible when dealing with such asset-based transactions as ijarah rentals, where an asset’s use is relevant to its period.14 Money: An Islamic Viewpoint The Concept and Nature of Money There are many differences between the Islamic and the conventional finan- cial systems, the most striking of which relates to how they perceive money.
    keywords: commodity; credit; goods; interest; islamic; loan; money; price; riba; sale; shari`ah; time; time value; value
       cache: ajiss-436.pdf
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        item: #2093 of 2426
          id: ajiss-437
      author: None
       title: ajiss-437
        date: None
       words: 8150
      flesch: 48
     summary: In contrast to the assertion made by some that Islamist thinkers were only affected by technological, rather than ideological, modernity, it seems that both al-Zawahiri and Esack are, ideologically, children of their time. In fact, although al-Zawahiri is an Islamist (namely, a member of a formal or infor- mal Islamic revivalist movement, characterized by the attempt to imple- ment Islamic values in all spheres of life) and Esack is a reformist Muslim, the two exhibit a similar awareness of modernity and its attendant problems.
    keywords: esack; god; government; human; ibid; islamic; middle; modernity; muslim; power; state; subjectivity; world; zawahiri
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        item: #2094 of 2426
          id: ajiss-438
      author: None
       title: ajiss-438
        date: None
       words: 6253
      flesch: 45
     summary: The role Tatari : Populism and Secularism in Turkey 23 of state institutions and the persistence of culture correspond with the theo- retical framework of these two approaches. In the remainder of this article, I will demonstrate the causal link between the HBP and the Kemalist principles of populism and secular- ism as state institutions during the twentieth century.
    keywords: headscarf; ibid; institutions; islamic; kemalist; policies; populism; public; secularism; state; turkey; women
       cache: ajiss-438.pdf
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        item: #2095 of 2426
          id: ajiss-439
      author: None
       title: ajiss-439
        date: None
       words: 11542
      flesch: 55
     summary: Lütfi Pasha, who used this hadith to glorify the Ottoman dynasty, assumed that the most recent “renewers of the faith” were Osman Bey who, at the beginning of the eighth Islamic century, had restored Islam after the conquests of the pagan Mongols; Mehmed I (reigned 1413-21) who, at the beginning of the ninth Islamic century, had revived the faith after the destructions of Timur; and Selim I (reigned 1512-20) who, at the beginning of the tenth Islamic century, had defeated the Safavid “infidel,” Shah Isma`il, and upheld the Shari`ah.63 46 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 According to M. Es’ad, apart from those mentioned above, Sultan Mahmud II is the mujaddid of the laws of Islam by virtue of renewing mat- ters relating to religion, the imperial council (divan), the scribe (kalemiya), and the army (sayfiya) at the beginning of the thirteenth Islamic century.64 There is no doubt that Mahmud II was the renewer of the laws of Islam (mujaddid al-qawanin al-Islam) and of the pillar the state (al-arkan al- dawlah).65 Here again, the title sought to respond to the public’s resentment of the reforms; in other words, Mahmud II cleared the way for a new path for the Ottoman Empire by renewing the old Ottoman system. For instance, in 1829 during a Friday prayer attended by Shaykh al-Islam Abdulwahhab Efendi and other state dignitaries, a strange dervish cursed the shaykh al-Islam, accusing him 40 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:2 of influencing the sultan to adopt false rites.25 Another dervish, Shaykh Sachli, stopped Mahmud II on the road and shouted at him: “Infidel sultan!
    keywords: abdulwahhab; army; caliph; efendi; empire; god; ibn; islamic; istanbul; khulasa; mahmud; mahmud ii; muslim; ottoman; reforms; ruler; state; sultan; time; tradition; ulama; university; virtue; westernization
       cache: ajiss-439.pdf
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        item: #2096 of 2426
          id: ajiss-440
      author: None
       title: ajiss-440
        date: None
       words: 8540
      flesch: 55
     summary: Muhammad Sayed Muhammad, in his analysis of the prophetic traditions (hadiths), points to one in which Muhammad asks all Muslims to seek knowl- edge even if it is in China, as an indication that one Islamic ideal is interaction between other civilizations and cultures. Applying this rule to early Islam, Donner agrees that Muhammad’s “followers were mostly poor or socially undistinguished individuals.
    keywords: civilization; communication; history; hodgson; islamic; makkah; muhammad; muslims; new; quraysh; resources; rise; watt; world
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        item: #2097 of 2426
          id: ajiss-441
      author: None
       title: ajiss-441
        date: None
       words: 10155
      flesch: 56
     summary: This article presents an overview of the religious and political development of Cambodia’s Cham Muslims, most of whom are Sunnis, from the days of French colonialism up to the present, and shows how this formerly neglected minority became a showcase of Islamic internationalism. Although the tablighi madrasa of Au Chreou was built with Malaysian sup- port (which continues with a modest monthly subsidy of $100), just like the mosque of nearby Boeng Ta Prom village, where the donor organization’s check is presented inside the mosque, it is clear that Arab charities often neg- lect such remote areas.79 But other Cham are generally skeptical of such aid, Bruckmayr: The Cham Muslims of Cambodia 15 for they have heard of or might have experienced cases in which donations were coupled with an attempt to popularize alien religious doctrines (e.g., Wahhabism).80 These conflicts have once again resulted in divided communities.
    keywords: cambodia; cham; community; dakwah; education; international; islamic; kampong; khmer; kiernan; les; malaysia; mosque; muslims; new; people; phum; province; regime; state; thailand; zone
       cache: ajiss-441.pdf
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        item: #2098 of 2426
          id: ajiss-442
      author: None
       title: ajiss-442
        date: None
       words: 12203
      flesch: 50
     summary: This is most clearly displayed through the Han Kitab, the canonized cor- pus of Chinese Islamic texts written, approximately, during Kristian Petersen is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Washington in the Near and Middle Eastern Studies program. As a result, some Muslim literati established the “scrip- ture hall education” (jingtang jiaoyu) system, which featured an Islamic canon made up of Arabic, Persian, and Chinese works.2 The Han Kitab, the collective name of this corpus of Chinese Islamic texts that is unique in the history of Islamic literature,3 was produced by a group of self-identified Con- fucian Muslim scholars (Huiru).4 This is the first instance of Muslims writing major expositions in the language of a predominantly non-Muslim society.5
    keywords: authors; benite; china; chinese; community; dao; education; han; identity; islamic; kitab; knowledge; language; literati; literature; muhammad; muslim; network; new; system; texts
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        item: #2099 of 2426
          id: ajiss-443
      author: None
       title: ajiss-443
        date: None
       words: 7382
      flesch: 47
     summary: According to Benite, the Han Kitab ultimately made up the basic cur- riculum of Chinese Muslim education in late imperial China. The problems that Ma Jian identified for Chinese Muslim education in both traditional Muslim education systems and in modern public education reflect the tension between the Muslim minority and the Han majority, rather than the new tension raised between the Islamic tradition and “western” modernity.
    keywords: arabic; china; chinese; education; intellectuals; islam; islamic; jian; ma jian; muslim; nation; new; social; state
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        item: #2100 of 2426
          id: ajiss-444
      author: None
       title: ajiss-444
        date: None
       words: 7434
      flesch: 55
     summary: Most notably, while the extent of violence prior to the 2002 report may have been exagger- ated or softened by Beijing to conform to changing political priorities, there was never any serious effort made to blame Xinjiang violence on an omnipresent unified Islamist movement before 9/11. In welcoming Chinese and international trade partners to the Urmuqi trade fair on September 2, 2001, Xinjiang Party Secretary Wang Lequan together with Abdulahat Abdurishit proclaimed that the situation in Xinjiang was “better than ever in history.”
    keywords: beijing; china; chinese; document; east; han; islamic; party; people; region; relations; separatist; state; turkistan; uygur; xinjiang
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        item: #2101 of 2426
          id: ajiss-445
      author: None
       title: ajiss-445
        date: None
       words: 12596
      flesch: 75
     summary: [al-Qur’an]) and shall safeguard it” (15:9). In addition, the discipline of `ul´m al-Qur’an (the sciences of the Qur’an) needs a thorough refurbishing, and textbooks on this subject should include discussions from new angles, as I have attempted to do here.
    keywords: abd; abi; abu; allah; allah ibn; chain; hadith; ibn; ibn abi; ibn al; prophet; qur’an; saw; umar; verse
       cache: ajiss-445.pdf
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        item: #2102 of 2426
          id: ajiss-446
      author: None
       title: ajiss-446
        date: None
       words: 16146
      flesch: 51
     summary: Yusuf al-Sharuni (Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyyah al-Bananiyah, 1999). 26. Yusuf al-Sharuni (Cairo: al-Dar al-Misriyyah al-Bananiyah, 1999).
    keywords: ahmad; arabic; biruni; book; hind; hindus; ibn; indian; intellectual; islamic; kitab al; lawrence; literature; medieval; milal; muhammad; muslim; people; philosophy; religion; sachau; scholars; sects; shahrastani; social; study; traditions; university; wa al; works; world
       cache: ajiss-446.pdf
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        item: #2103 of 2426
          id: ajiss-447
      author: None
       title: ajiss-447
        date: None
       words: 10875
      flesch: 57
     summary: Al-Asfahani, Kitab al-Fath al-Qussi fi al-Fath al-Qudsi (Cairo: n.d.), 47-48; Abu-Shama, Kitab al-Rawdatayn, 3:158. Shafiq Jasir, Tarikh al-Quds wa al-`Alaqah bayn al-Muslimin wa al-Masihiyin hatta al-Hur´b al-Salibiyah (Amman: Matabi` al-Iman, 1989), 59-62. 53.
    keywords: abu; aelia; christians; city; din; history; ibn; ibn al; islamicjerusalem; jews; kitab; kitab al; multiculturalism; muslims; non; people; runciman; salah al; society; umar
       cache: ajiss-447.pdf
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        item: #2104 of 2426
          id: ajiss-448
      author: None
       title: ajiss-448
        date: None
       words: 7280
      flesch: 57
     summary: This agrees with what advocates of liberal education claim about religious edu- Bagheri and Khosravi: The Islamic Concept of Education 93 cation (including Islamic education) in general. This kind of discrepancy appears in the realm of Islamic education as well.
    keywords: concept; education; god; halstead; indoctrination; islamic; knowledge; lord; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-448.pdf
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        item: #2105 of 2426
          id: ajiss-451
      author: None
       title: ajiss-451
        date: None
       words: 11034
      flesch: 46
     summary: Saiful Muzani, another JIL activist, offered a formulation of three different but related attitudes of JIL activists: theological/philosophical, sociological/ social, and political. The young intellectuals, many of whom were not yet in their 40s, who decided to call themselves representatives of “liberal Islam” began their studies of religion at Indonesian-style Islamic boarding schools (pesantren).24 However, the educational background of JIL activists varies.
    keywords: activists; ali; american; example; fundamentalist; indonesia; islam liberal; islamic; jakarta; jil; liberal; movement; muslim; network; new; people; politics; public; religion; rise; social; ulil; university
       cache: ajiss-451.pdf
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        item: #2106 of 2426
          id: ajiss-452
      author: None
       title: ajiss-452
        date: None
       words: 7797
      flesch: 56
     summary: This distinguishing feature is the result of STMB’s decision not to use takaful sales agents to sell and market its takaful prod- ucts. The internal governance structure of takaful companies includes an independent body, namely, the Shari`ah Advisory Council, which is responsible for ensuring that business operations conform to the relevant Shari`ah precepts.
    keywords: agents; companies; company; customers; insurance; islamic; plans; respondents; stmb; system; takaful; tnsb
       cache: ajiss-452.pdf
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        item: #2107 of 2426
          id: ajiss-453
      author: None
       title: ajiss-453
        date: None
       words: 7940
      flesch: 51
     summary: Since then, Emerson has become a household name for many American Muslims and has been a frequent media resource as a “terrorism expert.” For a similar invocation of the American Dream by young American Muslims, see Suhail Khan “Defending the American Dream,” The Washington Post, 26 February 2003. 44.
    keywords: 9/11; american; american jihad; concept; emerson; globalization; islam; islamic; jihad; muslims; public; religion; states; united; war; world
       cache: ajiss-453.pdf
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        item: #2108 of 2426
          id: ajiss-454
      author: None
       title: ajiss-454
        date: None
       words: 10108
      flesch: 61
     summary: Muhammad Rashid Rida, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-Hakim al-Musamma Tafsir al- Manar (Cairo: al-Hay’at al-Misriyah al-`Ammah, 1972), 6:59. Dar al-Ma`rifah, 1980), 12:352; Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Raghib, Al- Mufradat fi Gharib al-Qur’an (Beirut: Dar al Ma`rifa, 1961), 516. 43.
    keywords: beings; channel; communication; divine; god; ibn; interaction; message; messenger; models; moses; qur’an; source; veil
       cache: ajiss-454.pdf
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        item: #2109 of 2426
          id: ajiss-455
      author: None
       title: ajiss-455
        date: None
       words: 11282
      flesch: 64
     summary: ”101 • Yuhanna bin Masawayh hired Hunayn to translate the following Greek books into Syriac: Fi al-Izam,102 Fi Nadb,103 Fi al-Buhran,104 Kitab fi ma Waqa`a min al-Ikhtilaf fi al-Tashrih,105 Kitab fi Tashrih Alat al-Sawt,106 Kitab fi Tashrih al-`Ayn,107 Kitab fi Harakat al- Sadr,108 Kitab fi al-Sawt,109 Kitab fi al-Adwiyah al-Mufradah,110 and Kitab fi al-Akhlaq.111 • Yahya bin Masawayh, who translated Kitab fi Tartib al-Adwiyah.112 Söylemez: The Jundishapur School 17 • Hunayn, who translated Galenos’ For example, Ibn Isal al-Tabib al-Nasrani served as Mu`awiyah’s royal doctor, and Abu Hakam Damascene and Tayazuk were also employed.40 The school lost its previous splendor under the `Abbasids, because its doctors migrated to the capital city, Baghdad, where they found jobs in the newly founded institutions.
    keywords: arabic; baghdad; bin; books; city; greek; hunayn; ibid; ibn; information; islamic; jundishapur; jundishapur school; medical; pahlawi; scholars; school; sciences; students; syriac; ta’rikh
       cache: ajiss-455.pdf
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        item: #2110 of 2426
          id: ajiss-456
      author: None
       title: ajiss-456
        date: None
       words: 7978
      flesch: 43
     summary: Without their own knowledge base, Arab countries will remain passive consumers of the international knowledge society.26 Presently, most Arab products are not competitive on the international market.27 Furthermore, Arab countries are unattractive to outside direct investment.41
    keywords: ahdr; arab; cooperation; countries; development; education; human; ibid; international; islamic; knowledge; report; research; school; social; society; weiss; world
       cache: ajiss-456.pdf
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        item: #2111 of 2426
          id: ajiss-457
      author: None
       title: ajiss-457
        date: None
       words: 8303
      flesch: 51
     summary: Seyyed Hossein Nasr and the Study of Religion 57 some of the greatest masters of these subjects in my home country of Persia and elsewhere.19 Thus, Nasr mounts a consistent challenge to the principal elements of this modernist outlook throughout his writings, attacking not just atheism and secularism, but also their underlying motive forces (e.g., progressivism and evolutionism). Seyyed Hossein Nasr and the Study of Religion in Contemporary Society Haifaa Jawad Abstract Seyyed Houssein Nasr is one of the main proponents of the tra- ditional religious perspective, including the traditional Islamic point of view.
    keywords: hossein; hossein nasr; islamic; knowledge; modernism; nasr; philosophy; religion; sacred; science; study; tradition; university; world
       cache: ajiss-457.pdf
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        item: #2112 of 2426
          id: ajiss-458
      author: None
       title: ajiss-458
        date: None
       words: 6495
      flesch: 51
     summary: Thus, Islamic banks face a dual constraint: the payment of a religious tax (zakat) as well as a regular business income tax. PRODUCTS OF ISLAMIC BANKS AND THEIR KEY ELEMENTS. First, Bahrain’s Islamic banking system is representative of the best practices of Islamic banks in general, and second, Bahrain and Malaysia are currently vying for recognition as the capital or hub of Islamic banking worldwide. 70
    keywords: bank; banking; business; finance; financing; interest; islamic; malaysia; mudarabah; murabahah; musharakah
       cache: ajiss-458.pdf
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        item: #2113 of 2426
          id: ajiss-459
      author: None
       title: ajiss-459
        date: None
       words: 10784
      flesch: 48
     summary: However, this uncontested (inten- sive care) medical progress, which was fundamentally responsible not only for transplantation for the living but also for the deceased, is not enough to explain why brain death and postmortem organ transplantation became the center of attention at the beginning of the 1980s. The underlying question about being allowed to turn off the respirator due to a diagnosis of brain death had, in the western context, already led to the recognition that the actual question pointed in the opposite direction: Was it permissible to artifi- cially prolong the respiration and circulation of a person who had been declared dead due to the brain-death criteria in order to guarantee a medical- ly flawless organ harvest?7
    keywords: brain; brain death; context; daar; death; death criterion; decision; doctors; fiqh; ifa; islamic; journal; mwl; new; oic; organ; organ transplantation; transplantation
       cache: ajiss-459.pdf
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        item: #2114 of 2426
          id: ajiss-460
      author: None
       title: ajiss-460
        date: None
       words: 11990
      flesch: 40
     summary: Despite the fact that patriarchy subalternized western women within metropolitan societies, feminist Orientalists spread the common impression that just as western/European society is superior to African/Asian society, and just as western men are superior to eastern men, in the same way west- ern/white women are superior to black/Asian women. Besides, I am told, your Asiatic beauties are the most convenient women alive, for they have no souls; positively there is nothing in nature I should like so much as ladies without souls; soul, here, is the utter ruin of half of the sex.18 Although western women were not treated any better by western men, as “the Victorian age’s official method of viewing women” reduced “them Hasan: The Orientalization of Gender 31 to body, to possession, to physical object,”19 the colonial presence made native women more vulnerable, as they were objectified and commodified along with other colonial spoils.
    keywords: christian; colonial; cultural; culture; eastern; european; feminist; gender; ibid; imperialism; islamic; muslim; orientalism; orientalization; social; societies; victorian; west; women; world
       cache: ajiss-460.pdf
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        item: #2115 of 2426
          id: ajiss-461
      author: None
       title: ajiss-461
        date: None
       words: 11399
      flesch: 53
     summary: This necessitates a distinction between how analytical philosophers think about “fuzzy logic” and how a mystic like Ibn `Arabi holds an insight into vagueness to be a necessary feature of the states and stations along the Sufi path of knowledge. Ibn `Arabi was reluctant to ulti- mately reduce the statement to either of the two possibilities, because the ref- erential uncertainty creates a more authentic linguistic analogue of the cos- mological situation as he understands and experiences it.
    keywords: apophatic; arabi; barzakh; chittick; discourse; divine; god; ibn; language; sells; sufi; transcendence; vagueness
       cache: ajiss-461.pdf
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        item: #2116 of 2426
          id: ajiss-470
      author: None
       title: ajiss-470
        date: None
       words: 1516
      flesch: 48
     summary: The writings Pierce examines emerged during a period where Arabic literature was first taking shape and therefore demonstrate a process within the Is- lamic community at large of articulating specific narratives. While much scholarship on Shi‘ism is centered on the topics of succession, theological doctrines, or the specific rituals of ‘Ashura, Pierce focuses instead on how love and devotion towards the imams and the ahl al-bayt developed.
    keywords: chapter; imams; pierce
       cache: ajiss-470.pdf
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        item: #2117 of 2426
          id: ajiss-472
      author: None
       title: ajiss-472
        date: None
       words: 874
      flesch: 46
     summary: The first two chapters are concerned with Qur’anic definitions of the universe (chapter one) and an explanation for the mul- tiplicity of Qur’anic pictures of the cosmos (chapter two). The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:4 bution to the genre of scientific Qur’anic exegesis in general, and Qur’anic cosmology in particular.
    keywords: qur’an; universe
       cache: ajiss-472.pdf
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        item: #2118 of 2426
          id: ajiss-474
      author: None
       title: ajiss-474
        date: None
       words: 895
      flesch: 39
     summary: The third chapter explains rituals, beliefs, and mira- cles associated with the venerated bodies of the dead, including Karbala (commemorating the death of Hussein in 680 CE), ‘Alawi pilgrimage, and pilgrimage to Hadrat Khidr, which blur sectarian lines of affiliation. In Pilgrimage in Islam, Sophia Rose Arjana writes that “intimacy with Allah is achievable in certain spaces, which is an important story of Islamic pilgrimage”.
    keywords: islam; islamic; pilgrimage
       cache: ajiss-474.pdf
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        item: #2119 of 2426
          id: ajiss-475
      author: None
       title: ajiss-475
        date: None
       words: 1357
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hatem Bazian explores the roots of the conflict, locating the Zionist movement as a settler colonial project under the tutelage of British colo- nial efforts. Bazian writes that “the biblical text gets transformed into policy by the Zionist state, by which it then normalizes or makes legal the wholesale theft of Palestinian lands and expulsion of the population” 66
    keywords: bazian; chapter; colonial
       cache: ajiss-475.pdf
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        item: #2120 of 2426
          id: ajiss-476
      author: None
       title: ajiss-476
        date: None
       words: 1624
      flesch: 55
     summary: Her reading re- lies on the assumption that pre-Islamic Arab men mistreated their women to such an extent that Q 4:34’s permission to discipline their wives “through a gradual process” is in fact justice towards women. Ironically, while challenging the patriarchy of denying women’s contributions to Islam, Lamrabet herself hardly cites Muslim women, although she frequently cites past and contemporary men.
    keywords: islamic; lamrabet; qur’an; women
       cache: ajiss-476.pdf
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        item: #2121 of 2426
          id: ajiss-477
      author: None
       title: ajiss-477
        date: None
       words: 1540
      flesch: 41
     summary: He does end his chapter with a criticism of the theory that GM members were key leaders of the coup, a conclusion which is at odds with that of most other contributors to the volume. The book ends with a postscript which examines the four major theories about how the coup may have come to pass, and comes to the conclusion that GM members were central and sole actors in the coup, which was in all likelihood approved by Gülen himself.
    keywords: chapter; coup; turkey
       cache: ajiss-477.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-477.txt

        item: #2122 of 2426
          id: ajiss-478
      author: None
       title: ajiss-478
        date: None
       words: 1519
      flesch: 45
     summary: The first is a short political essay com- prised of chronologically arranged anecdotes about the caliphs—begin- ning with Abū Bakr (r. 11-13/632-4) and ending with al-Muʿtaḍid (r. 279- 89/892-902)—and examples of how the people of their times, according to al-Yaʿqūbī, tended to follow them in their conduct and tastes. Despite the scarcity of biographical information (“there is little that can be known for certain about al-Yaʿqūbī and his life,” 1:10), Anthony and Gordon provide a 77Book Reviews useful summary of what we can know about him, based on a few accounts of other historians who cite his works and what might be inferred from his own writings: his hardline Shīʿism, the works he compiled, the approxi- mate date of his death (shortly after 295/908), his many travels, some of the places in which he lived from al-Fusṭāṭ to Iṣfahān, his links to certain dynasties (Ṭāhirids in Iran and Ṭūlūnids in Egypt), his involvement in the bureaucratic circles of the ʿAbbāsid era and his particular attachment to, and historical interest in, the ʿAbbāsid dynasty.
    keywords: history; yaʿqūbī
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        item: #2123 of 2426
          id: ajiss-479
      author: None
       title: ajiss-479
        date: None
       words: 2137
      flesch: 59
     summary: The heir apparent or Prince Abū’l-Qāsim Muḥammad, the eldest son of al-Mahdī, already took up much of his father’s duties while his own son, Ismāʿīl or al-Manṣūr bi’llāh (‘the One Who is Victorious by God’) was entrusted by the sitting Imam, al-Mahdī (his grandfather), as his most faithful confidant (39). Jiwa also describes the Kalbid dynasty of Fatimid Sicily, which had come under the governorship of al-Ḥasan al-Kalbī.
    keywords: chapter; fatimids; ismaili; jiwa; mahdī
       cache: ajiss-479.pdf
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        item: #2124 of 2426
          id: ajiss-480
      author: None
       title: ajiss-480
        date: None
       words: 1249
      flesch: 43
     summary: Some 20 years ago I encountered the academic study of Islam primarily 84 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:4 through reading the books of Professor Fazlur Rahman (including the ‘Serbo-Croatian’ translation of his book Islam) all of which left a deep and indelible impression on me both as a Muslim and as an aspiring academic. Drawing upon Rahman’s work Revival and Reform and Islam and Modernity in particular, Ahmed in the second chapter examines Rahman’s thinking on the issues pertaining to the emergence and the development of Islamic theology (kalām) and the major debates that have animated them (e.g., islām and īmān; qadar and jabr, irjā’, al-ḥusn wa-l-qubh) and the role of the major theological groups and scholars in the development of Sunni theology during the formative and post-formative stages of kalām and up to the modern period.
    keywords: ahmed; islamic; rahman
       cache: ajiss-480.pdf
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        item: #2125 of 2426
          id: ajiss-481
      author: None
       title: ajiss-481
        date: None
       words: 1835
      flesch: 39
     summary: She then presents a representa- tive selection of biographical details that paint Ibn al-Mubārak as a devout worshipper with high moral character, a scholar of ḥadīth and fiqh, yet also a wealthy and philanthropic trader and a brave man who spent much time 69 guarding the frontiers. Book Reviews The Emergence of Early Sufi Piety and Sunni Scholasticism: ‘Abdallāh b. al-Mubārak and the Formation of Sunni Identity in the Second Islamic Century Feryal Salem Leiden: Brill, 2016.
    keywords: ibn; mubārak; salem; zuhd
       cache: ajiss-481.pdf
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        item: #2126 of 2426
          id: ajiss-482
      author: None
       title: ajiss-482
        date: None
       words: 1636
      flesch: 33
     summary: Muhanna successfully analyzes—over the course of 232 pages with almost a dozen images and as many tables—the monumental, 31-volume encyclopedic compendium that consists of over two million words, titled Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab (The Ultimate Ambition in the Arts of Erudition), composed by Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī, an Egyptian bureaucrat and scholar, during the early fourteenth century. 73Book Reviews Muhanna’s goals are to consider why al-Nuwayrī composed his ambi- tious work; to analyze the disciplines al-Nuwayrī’s work encompassed and the models, sources, and methods that guided its composition; and to trace its reception among al-Nuwayrī’s contemporaries as well as its later recep- tion in Europe and the Islamicate world.
    keywords: knowledge; mamluk; muhanna; nuwayrī
       cache: ajiss-482.pdf
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        item: #2127 of 2426
          id: ajiss-483
      author: None
       title: ajiss-483
        date: None
       words: 1221
      flesch: 47
     summary: In his book, The Hunt in Arabic Poetry: from Heroic to Lyric to Metapoet- ic, Jaroslav Stetkevych traces the evolution of Arabic hunt poetry from its origins as an integral part of the heroic ode (qaṣῑda) to becoming a genre by itself (ṭardiyya) during the Islamic era, and then evolving into a meta- poetic self-conscious expression of poets in our modern time. Stetkevych dissects the structure of the ode and shows how hunt poetry was an integral part of it (not an independent genre).
    keywords: hunt; poetry; stetkevych
       cache: ajiss-483.pdf
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        item: #2128 of 2426
          id: ajiss-484
      author: None
       title: ajiss-484
        date: None
       words: 1425
      flesch: 59
     summary: They were arresting the march of a prejudiced form of Orientalism by producing English Korans of their own. To Lawrence, most translations produced in an era of abundance fail to capture the Qur’an’s rhythmic prose, with the exception of a handful.
    keywords: english; lawrence; qur’an
       cache: ajiss-484.pdf
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        item: #2129 of 2426
          id: ajiss-485
      author: None
       title: ajiss-485
        date: None
       words: 1598
      flesch: 46
     summary: Chapter one paints a somewhat grim picture of the politically precarious position of migrant women within the kefala sys- tem, labor laws, and bans on migrations often creating impossible condi- tions for migrant woman. Furthermore, religious conversion to Islam is often mired in the same prejudices and stereotypes of the orient found in western and predominantly Judeo-Christian depictions of the Middle East, the region that Islam is most often associated with.
    keywords: ahmad; conversion; migrant; women
       cache: ajiss-485.pdf
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        item: #2130 of 2426
          id: ajiss-486
      author: None
       title: ajiss-486
        date: None
       words: 1389
      flesch: 50
     summary: “I found surprise, pleasure, and delight in pious fashion, as well as an intellectual challenge to the neat boxes I had once put things in: modest dress as imposed on women, fashion as a symptom of patriarchy, and aes- thetics as separate from ethics. She did fieldwork in three cities—Tehran, Iran (2004 and remotely 2011); Istanbul, Turkey (2004, 2012, 2013); and Yogyakarta, Indonesia (2011)—observing women in a variety of locations, going shopping, and participating in activities related to pious fashion (in- cluding wearing it herself sometimes).
    keywords: book; dress; fashion; women
       cache: ajiss-486.pdf
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        item: #2131 of 2426
          id: ajiss-487
      author: None
       title: ajiss-487
        date: None
       words: 1142
      flesch: 44
     summary: Though al-Jabri is “one of the most original and multifaceted philosophers and intellectuals of our time” (p. xii), commands considerable influence on the Arab world, and is regarded as significant and influential as the Irani- an Abdolkarim Soroush, the Egyptian Hasan Hanafi, and the French Mo- hammed Arkoun, he has remained insufficiently recognized in the West or Euro-American scholarship. Edited by Zaid Eyadat (University of Jordan), Francesca M. Corrao, and Mohammed Hashas (both from LUISS, University of Rome), this work analyzes and highlights “how al-Jabri has been a fertile intellectual force in the contemporary Arab world” (15).
    keywords: arab; jabri
       cache: ajiss-487.pdf
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        item: #2132 of 2426
          id: ajiss-488
      author: None
       title: ajiss-488
        date: None
       words: 2349
      flesch: 48
     summary: That is, Ahmad is not himself articulating an Islamic critique of Western critique. Through such critique, Ahmad also seeks to affirm the legitimacy of a “nonpatri- archal reading of Islam” (156).
    keywords: ahmad; chapter; critique; islam; maududi; religion
       cache: ajiss-488.pdf
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        item: #2133 of 2426
          id: ajiss-489
      author: None
       title: ajiss-489
        date: None
       words: 2344
      flesch: 31
     summary: In Chapters Two and Three, Thurston traces the history of Nigerian and other African students in Saudi Arabia, which significantly expanded following the 1961 founding of the Islamic University of Medina (which remains the preeminent Salafi seminary and university in the world) and after active outreach across the Sunni Muslim world by the Saudi govern- ment and Salafi religious elite to attract students through lucrative funding and scholarship packages. In navigating the multi-po- lar and complex realm of national and regional politics, Thurston argues, Nigerian Salafi scholars educated in Saudi Arabia unwittingly opened the door to cruder and more extreme, militant voices of figures lacking the same level of study of the Salafi canon or Sunni Islam generally.
    keywords: canon; islamic; nigerian; salafi; salafism; saudi
       cache: ajiss-489.pdf
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        item: #2134 of 2426
          id: ajiss-490
      author: None
       title: ajiss-490
        date: None
       words: 1682
      flesch: 42
     summary: The first is the gradual social process of conversion of the business class’ worldview and practice to align them with Islamist identity formations, which is “aimed at mitigating un- certainty and improving access to markets” (xvii). We learn that in modern civil wars across the Muslim world, business communi- ties intentionally adopt ardent Islamist identities as a practical means to- ward building trust and lowering cost.
    keywords: ahmad; business; islamist; proto; taliban
       cache: ajiss-490.pdf
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        item: #2135 of 2426
          id: ajiss-491
      author: None
       title: ajiss-491
        date: None
       words: 1649
      flesch: 51
     summary: Part I examines prayer and pilgrimage and includes chapters on ṣalāt, dhikr, and ḥajj. Part III takes the reader into the realm of life cycle rituals with chapters on birth, wedding, and funeral/ death rituals.
    keywords: american; chapter; islam; muslim; practice
       cache: ajiss-491.pdf
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        item: #2136 of 2426
          id: ajiss-492
      author: None
       title: ajiss-492
        date: None
       words: 1641
      flesch: 32
     summary: Middle East Studies for the New Millennium sheds light on the trials and tribulations of Middle East area studies in the highly charged and politi- cized context of American academia and broader US policy. This important book—with extensive bibliographies in each chapter and its detailed exploration of the state of the field of United States MES in the twenty-first century—stands as a reference source for all interested in Middle East studies.
    keywords: east; knowledge; mes; middle; studies
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        item: #2137 of 2426
          id: ajiss-497
      author: None
       title: ajiss-497
        date: None
       words: 10423
      flesch: 64
     summary: The study exam- ines and compares their everyday experiences, the elder brother’s reasons and motivations for migrating to Britain, and the younger brother’s deci- sion to stay in postcolonial Hong Kong; their attitudes toward the host 2 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21:1 government and society; and their distinctive interpretation of Islam as a religion and a way of life. He is also critical of the local Chinese Muslims in postcolonial Hong Kong.
    keywords: ahmed; asian; british; chinese; colonial; community; hermit; hong kong; islam; islamic; life; muslim; people; radical; southeast
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        item: #2138 of 2426
          id: ajiss-498
      author: None
       title: ajiss-498
        date: None
       words: 14004
      flesch: 57
     summary: Abstract This essay analyzes the major political, military, and adminis- trative institutions of al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) and explains how they gave a sense of unity to the Abode of Islam (dar al- Islam) by replicating the same institutions used in the East (al- Mashriq). The military institutions (e.g., jund, thughur, and husun) helped to keep Muslim Spain safe from enemy attacks, both Christian and Muslim, and to suppress all revolts, while the political institutions enabled the authorities to keep al-Andalus unified, levy taxes, administer the cities (sahib al-madinah), supervise the markets (sahib al-suq), and, finally, to administer the region’s provinces (kuwar).
    keywords: abd al; amir; andalus; army; emirate; españa; guzmán; iberian; ibn; information; institutions; islamic; lévi; marín; military; muslim; musulmana; new; passim; peninsula; provençal; social; sources; spain; system; time
       cache: ajiss-498.pdf
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        item: #2139 of 2426
          id: ajiss-499
      author: None
       title: ajiss-499
        date: None
       words: 6195
      flesch: 60
     summary: Conclusion In Beyond Belief, Naipaul plunders the nineteenth-century novel in order to present a disturbing image of the Muslim world. However, while critics cele- brate Naipaul for his “moral integrity” and “commitment to truth,” it is not surprising that Beyond Belief has been predominantly read as an infor- mative, factual text.
    keywords: belief; century; genre; ibid; imaduddin; islam; islamic; literature; madness; muslims; naipaul; people
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        item: #2140 of 2426
          id: ajiss-500
      author: None
       title: ajiss-500
        date: None
       words: 10238
      flesch: 53
     summary: In the process, Islam is implicated, by default, through three interconnected issues that are driving the dis- course of 9/11: global security, the imperatives of modernity, and the reassessment of Islam. Islam is symbolized either in terms of a politics of confrontation or of cooptation.
    keywords: 9/11; cultural; culture; discourse; faith; god; islam; meaning; modernity; muslim; new; politics; public; qur’an; religion; symbols; terrorism
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        item: #2141 of 2426
          id: ajiss-501
      author: None
       title: ajiss-501
        date: None
       words: 10446
      flesch: 53
     summary: See Muhammad Salim al-’Awwa, Fi al-Nizam al-Siyasi li al-Dawlah al- Islamiyah (Cairo: al-Maktab al-Misri al-Hadith, 1983). See `Ali `Abd al-Raziq, Al- Ijma` fi al-Shari`ah al-Islamiyah (Dar al-Fikr al-`Arabi, 1948), 6. 60.
    keywords: american; constitutionalism; government; ijtihad; islamic; law; muslim; power; principles; qur’an; rights; rule; scholars; shari`ah; social; state; university; words
       cache: ajiss-501.pdf
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        item: #2142 of 2426
          id: ajiss-502
      author: None
       title: ajiss-502
        date: None
       words: 12760
      flesch: 52
     summary: For details about al-Urwat al-Wuthqa, see `Imarah, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, 254-62; Ahmad F. B. ash-Shawabkah, “Mashru` al-Jami`ah al-Islamiyah fi Fikr Jamal al-Din al-Afghani” Both were secret and anti- colonialist, but while al-Urwat al-Wuthqa fought British rule in Egypt and India, the Arab League Society was an alliance to prevent the predicted foreign domination of Arabia.
    keywords: abduh; afghani; arab; caliphate; details; din al; egypt; empire; islamic; jamal al; league; movement; muhammad; muslim; ottoman; reform; rida; sultan
       cache: ajiss-502.pdf
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        item: #2143 of 2426
          id: ajiss-503
      author: None
       title: ajiss-503
        date: None
       words: 8864
      flesch: 53
     summary: Yet despite their significant numerical pres- ence, African American Muslims have been marginalized in the literature on Islam in the United States. The first part establishes the historical and numerical importance of African American Muslims, the second part offers a brief examination of the WOI theory, and the third part develops the hidden transcripts theory as an alternative to the WOI theory.
    keywords: african; american; black; florida; history; islam; islamic; muslims; new; press; states; theory; united; united states; university; woi; woi theory; york
       cache: ajiss-503.pdf
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        item: #2144 of 2426
          id: ajiss-504
      author: None
       title: ajiss-504
        date: None
       words: 9158
      flesch: 71
     summary: The Qur’an calls the Solomonic temple, which contains the Holy of Holies, al-Masjid al-Aqsa (17:1, 7). The four schools of Sunni jurispru- dence, along with the Shi`i Ja`fari school, consider al-Masjid al-Aqsa to be the third holiest site after the Makkan and Madinan harams.27
    keywords: access; god; hadith; ibn; islamic; mosque; people; period; prophet; qur’an; segregation; tradition; vol; women
       cache: ajiss-504.pdf
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        item: #2145 of 2426
          id: ajiss-505
      author: None
       title: ajiss-505
        date: None
       words: 10353
      flesch: 42
     summary: And, it is this normalization in the wider understanding that makes the continuation and suggestion of such anti-Muslim ideas and expressions acceptable. As a direct consequence of the inroads made by the far-right and soci- ety’s deepening receptivity to anti-Muslim ideas and expressions, and in identifying how visual markers of difference were being used in the con- temporary climate, Muslims were targeted by other minority communities.
    keywords: 9/11; allen; anti; bnp; british; communities; difference; european; islamic; islamophobia; media; muslims; new; report; society
       cache: ajiss-505.pdf
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        item: #2146 of 2426
          id: ajiss-506
      author: None
       title: ajiss-506
        date: None
       words: 5434
      flesch: 45
     summary: British Muslims are caught in a quag- mire: Their loyalties are questioned by a society and polity that is still in the processes of establishing its “Englishness” from its “Britishness,” while growing Islamic political radicalism under- mines the already precarious relations between British Muslims and the state. Comprehensive demographic data on British Muslims became available only after a question on religion was included in the 2001 Census of the United Kingdom.
    keywords: 9/11; asian; britain; british; islam; islamic; islamophobia; london; muslims; new; social; society; south
       cache: ajiss-506.pdf
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        item: #2147 of 2426
          id: ajiss-507
      author: None
       title: ajiss-507
        date: None
       words: 12561
      flesch: 56
     summary: Consequently, the image of American Muslims took shape along- side the images of Muslims on television. The crucial component of this question’s answer is the role of the new actors in the American public sphere, namely, American Muslims.
    keywords: 9/11; afghanistan; american; discourse; islam; islamic; media; muslims; news; people; representation; september; social; states; taliban; time; united; war; west; women; world
       cache: ajiss-507.pdf
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        item: #2148 of 2426
          id: ajiss-508
      author: None
       title: ajiss-508
        date: None
       words: 7339
      flesch: 56
     summary: Liberating Afghan Women Nancy Gallagher Abstract Public opinion in the United States and elsewhere celebrated the liberation of Afghan women following the defeat of the Taliban government. This article explores media presentations of Afghan women and then compares them with recent reports from human rights organizations and other eyewitness accounts.
    keywords: afghanistan; american; forces; girls; government; human; kabul; photo; power; rights; social; soviet; states; taliban; time; united; women
       cache: ajiss-508.pdf
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        item: #2149 of 2426
          id: ajiss-509
      author: None
       title: ajiss-509
        date: None
       words: 9254
      flesch: 56
     summary: This is the number commonly cited by HLE founder Marvin Rosenthal. Being on the mailing list also brings constant updates on HLE events as well as regular letters from Marvin Rosenthal that, addressed to “Dear Citizen of Heaven,” espouse a variety of religious and political agendas.
    keywords: american; end; events; fire; hle; holy; hope; islamic; israel; land; middle; muslims; park; rosenthal; war; world; zion
       cache: ajiss-509.pdf
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        item: #2150 of 2426
          id: ajiss-510
      author: None
       title: ajiss-510
        date: None
       words: 3757
      flesch: 39
     summary: Anti-Islamophobia Education as Transformative Pedadogy: Reflections from the Educational Front Lines Jasmin Zine Zine: Anti-Islamophobia Education 111
    keywords: education; islamophobia; muslim; racism; social; students; toronto; women; zine
       cache: ajiss-510.pdf
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        item: #2151 of 2426
          id: ajiss-511
      author: None
       title: ajiss-511
        date: None
       words: 12135
      flesch: 48
     summary: Khaek means literally “guest,” but has since long also been used to refer to people of Indian or Middle Eastern descent, as well as Malay Muslims. A correct appreciation of the apparently antagonistic situa- tion in southern Thailand further requires an excursion into the issue of eth- nicity as it pertains to frontiers between different culture zones, such as Thailand’s south.
    keywords: asia; bangkok; central; education; government; indonesian; islam; islamic; journal; malay; malay nationalism; muslim; nationalism; new; pattani; pitsuwan; press; sciences; social; society; southeast; southern; studies; surin; thailand; university; world
       cache: ajiss-511.pdf
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        item: #2152 of 2426
          id: ajiss-512
      author: None
       title: ajiss-512
        date: None
       words: 10849
      flesch: 47
     summary: Of course, non-Islamic religious programming on national broad- casting networks would be tantamount to proselytizing among Muslims and, as such, is unconstitutional. A fifth non-Muslim concern is that non-Muslim religious instruction is not included in the school curriculum and can be held only outside school hours, while Islam is taught during school hours.61 Instead of instruction in their own religion, non-Muslims are required to take a course on moral education.62 Some non-Muslims have also expressed con- cern about what they perceive to be the increasing impact of the open or veiled introduction of Islamic content into compulsory subjects taught in public schools, while non-Islamic religions are completely neglected.
    keywords: american; freedom; government; groups; identity; international; islamic; journal; kuala; lee; lumpur; malaysia; minorities; muslims; new; non; religion; revivalism; singapore; social; society; state
       cache: ajiss-512.pdf
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        item: #2153 of 2426
          id: ajiss-513
      author: None
       title: ajiss-513
        date: None
       words: 19996
      flesch: 64
     summary: Al-Tabari, Ta’rikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk, 2:1018 (Leiden ed.); Al-Baghdadi, Al-Farq bayna al-Firaq, passim; Al-Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 4B:90-94; Ibn al-Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Ta’rikh, 4:365-67 and 4:437-39 (Leiden-Beirut ed.); Ibn Rustah, Kitab al-A`laq al-Nafisah, ed. However, al-Nadim, in his Kitab al-Fihrist, affirmed that al-Hasan al-Basri had some loyalty to `Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Ash`ath.77 Thus, shortly after Ibn al-Ash`ath’s defeat by the Syrian troops, al-Hasan al-Basri went to al- Hajjaj who, according to al-Nadim, rebuked him and then granted al-Hasan al-Basri the pardon.
    keywords: abbasid; abd al; akhbar al; arab; de al; esp; fi al; guzmán; hajjaj; hasan al; ibn al; iraq; islam; islamic; khurasan; kitab al; leiden; marín; muslim; passim; qutaybah; revolution; social; ta’rikh al; tribal; tribes; umayyad; wa al; ya`qubi; yusuf al
       cache: ajiss-513.pdf
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        item: #2154 of 2426
          id: ajiss-514
      author: None
       title: ajiss-514
        date: None
       words: 7903
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, as the Roman Catholic presence in private Christian schools shrinks and as mainline Protestant churches continue to be unin- volved, the emergence of private “religious right” Christian schools has become ever more prevalent. Generally speaking, these were Sunday school, vacation Bible school pro- grams, Christian youth groups, catechism, private Christian schools, Youth Sundays, and children’s sermons.
    keywords: bible; children; christian; church; churches; education; god; history; instruction; jesus; public; school; states; sunday; united; youth
       cache: ajiss-514.pdf
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        item: #2155 of 2426
          id: ajiss-515
      author: None
       title: ajiss-515
        date: None
       words: 11207
      flesch: 51
     summary: Islam and Democracy: Text, Tradition, and History Ahrar Ahmad Abstract This paper challenges the popular perception that Islam and democracy are incompatible, and argues that the lack of democracy in some Muslim countries is not because of Islam but in spite of it.
    keywords: ahmad; american; democracy; god; history; islam; islamic; journal; law; mughal; muslims; new; ottoman; oxford; people; press; prophet; qur’an; rule; social; state; text; tradition; university
       cache: ajiss-515.pdf
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        item: #2156 of 2426
          id: ajiss-516
      author: None
       title: ajiss-516
        date: None
       words: 7019
      flesch: 56
     summary: ”29 50 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 20:1 Rather, Muslim wars of conquest were “wars of state, not wars of reli- gion.”30 Depicting holy wars as quintessentially Islamic also ignores the histor- ical fact that holy war is a western tradition, inasmuch as such wars were decisive in shaping Church–state relationships in medieval Europe until about the twelfth century.
    keywords: american; god; holy; ibid; islam; islamic; jihad; muslims; people; qur’an; terrorism; violence; war
       cache: ajiss-516.pdf
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        item: #2157 of 2426
          id: ajiss-517
      author: None
       title: ajiss-517
        date: None
       words: 9887
      flesch: 42
     summary: Judged by the criteria of CL and PR, as applied by the Freedom House Survey of 1998, the performance of Muslim countries appears to be equally disastrous. The active role of innumerable voluntary organizations, NGOs, and Christian missionary activities in providing disaster relief to Muslim countries should make us ashamed.
    keywords: countries; democracy; development; freedom; growth; human; islamic; level; muslim; power; social; society; strategy; ummah; unity; world
       cache: ajiss-517.pdf
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        item: #2158 of 2426
          id: ajiss-518
      author: None
       title: ajiss-518
        date: None
       words: 7577
      flesch: 49
     summary: Human dignity, as understood in international human rights and its Islamic counterpart, thus could form the jus cogens of international law, a common human her- itage upon which everybody can agree. Human dignity, as under- stood in international human rights and its Islamic counterpart, could form a jus cogens of international law, a common human heritage upon which everyone can agree.
    keywords: american; dignity; ibid; international; intervention; islamic; issue; law; muslim; people; rights; scholars; social; universal
       cache: ajiss-518.pdf
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        item: #2159 of 2426
          id: ajiss-519
      author: None
       title: ajiss-519
        date: None
       words: 272
      flesch: 47
     summary: She has published many books and articles on women·s issues and Islamic political thought. Nationalism, which emerged and spread in the West with such charac­ teristics, also penetrated the Muslim ummah and shattered its unity and integrity.2 Muslim scholars in the Arab world,3 Turkey,4 and the Indian sub- Zeenatb Kausar is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (KIRKHS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    keywords: nationalism
       cache: ajiss-519.pdf
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        item: #2160 of 2426
          id: ajiss-520
      author: None
       title: ajiss-520
        date: None
       words: 268
      flesch: 55
     summary: In his introduction, Joseph Schacht asserted that Islamic law is no longer relevant to modern life, due to its inflexibility and consequent inability to meet the constant changes therein. At the time of the classical jurists, although the nature of the system was the same, those involved in legal matters found a remedy for Islamic Aznan Hasan has a B.A. (Hons.) from al-Azhar, an M .A. from Cairo University, and is cur­ rently working on hi s Ph.D. in Islamic law at the University of Wales, Lampeter, England.
    keywords: ijtihad
       cache: ajiss-520.pdf
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        item: #2161 of 2426
          id: ajiss-521
      author: None
       title: ajiss-521
        date: None
       words: 263
      flesch: 22
     summary: Introduction In this paper, following a brief historical background concerning the intro­ duction of Popper's ideas to the Iranian public, I shall concentrate on the approaches taken by a number of distinct Iranian intellectual groups toward Popper's views. Karl Popper and the Iranian Intellectuals Ali Paya
    keywords: popper
       cache: ajiss-521.pdf
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        item: #2162 of 2426
          id: ajiss-522
      author: None
       title: ajiss-522
        date: None
       words: 279
      flesch: 47
     summary: Asma Afsaruddin is associate professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Notre Dame. Although the Qur'an does not mandate a specific form of gov­ ernment, it provides broad moral directives for sound pol itical governance.
    keywords: leadership
       cache: ajiss-522.pdf
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        item: #2163 of 2426
          id: ajiss-523
      author: None
       title: ajiss-523
        date: None
       words: 312
      flesch: 39
     summary: Necva B. Kazimov graduated from New York Law School (May 2003). Egypt's Reservations to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and Women's Rights in Egypt Necva B. Kazimov --The object and use of lawyer's language is twofold: partly to prevent informa­ tion being conveyed to certain descriptions of persons, partly to cause such in.for­ mation to be conveyed to them as shall be false, or at any rate, fallacious: to secure habitual ignorance, or produce occasional misconception. - Jeremy Bentham, Rationale of Judicial Evidence
    keywords: egypt; women
       cache: ajiss-523.pdf
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        item: #2164 of 2426
          id: ajiss-524
      author: None
       title: ajiss-524
        date: None
       words: 275
      flesch: 44
     summary: It argues that the future of Muslim education will be influenced directly by the present realities and future trends within American education in general, and, more impor­ tantly, by the well-calculated and informed short-term and long-term decisions and future plans taken by the Muslim community. Fad1i Malkawi has a Ph.D. in science education and the ph i losophy of science.
    keywords: education
       cache: ajiss-524.pdf
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        item: #2165 of 2426
          id: ajiss-525
      author: None
       title: ajiss-525
        date: None
       words: 234
      flesch: 41
     summary: People, organizations, and the nation must strive for wisdom as the ultimate goal: from an information society to a knowledge society to a wisdom society, and from information workers to knowledge workers to wisdom workers. The levels of knowledge hierarchy (i.e., data, information, knowledge, and wisdom), are described in the Qur'an, the aha­ dith, and the literature produced during fslamic civilization's Golden Age.
    keywords: wisdom
       cache: ajiss-525.pdf
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        item: #2166 of 2426
          id: ajiss-526
      author: None
       title: ajiss-526
        date: None
       words: 267
      flesch: 34
     summary: The issues explored include the permissibility of man-made constitutions in Islamic law, the goals of such constitutions, the relative roles of positive law and discovery, the separation of powers, the specification of princi­ ples as opposed to mechanisms of government, succession, treason, slavery, racism, amendment, separation of state and religion, human rights, private property, and unenumerated rights. This paper exploits the premise that discussing the compatibility of democracy and constitutionalism with Islamic law would benefit by assessing certain aspects of the American Constitution in light of the Qur'anz and the Madinah Covenant, which has been called the first written constitu­ tion.
    keywords: madinah
       cache: ajiss-526.pdf
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        item: #2167 of 2426
          id: ajiss-527
      author: None
       title: ajiss-527
        date: None
       words: 278
      flesch: 48
     summary: l show instead that sovereignty (absolute despotic power, popular or otherwise) is a sterile, pedantic, abstruse, formalistic, and legal­ istic concept, and that democracy should be seen as involving popular control rather than popular sovereignty. Abstract This article examines the idea that Islam's rejection of popular sovereignty makes it incompatible with democracy.
    keywords: democracy
       cache: ajiss-527.pdf
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        item: #2168 of 2426
          id: ajiss-528
      author: None
       title: ajiss-528
        date: None
       words: 283
      flesch: 37
     summary: The discussion explores the inherent chal­ lenges in reconciling the equally entrenched and passionate views of pro-Shari'ah supporters on their right to freedom of religion with those that question its application in terms of human rights norms and obligations, and its constitutional legal­ ity. Reconciling Rights and Obligations: An Examination of Shari' ah Penal Reform in Northern Nigeria Pernille Ironside
    keywords: law
       cache: ajiss-528.pdf
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        item: #2169 of 2426
          id: ajiss-543
      author: None
       title: ajiss-543
        date: None
       words: 4937
      flesch: 52
     summary: As problematic as the epistemological grounding of the integration of knowledge paradigm is the implication that ethics derives only from a revealed or Qur’anic world-view. This provides an excellent account of the thinking behind the attempt to bring knowledge and its acquisition into confor- mity with principles of Islam as well as for replacing the Islamization of knowledge paradigm with the new one outlined in this volume.
    keywords: education; henzell; integration; islamic; knowledge; muslim; new; paradigm; sardar; thomas
       cache: ajiss-543.pdf
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        item: #2170 of 2426
          id: ajiss-546
      author: None
       title: ajiss-546
        date: None
       words: 1057
      flesch: 46
     summary: This might lead to a smaller number of engineers qua engineers, and thus affect the validity of the authors’ claim about an overrepresentation of engi- neers in the samples from the Middle East. The dichotomy is undergirded by the notion that—whether en- gineering conditions engineers to act in particular ways, or engineers are born with a certain mindset—engineers possess certain traits, which lead them to do some things rather than others.
    keywords: authors; engineers
       cache: ajiss-546.pdf
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        item: #2171 of 2426
          id: ajiss-547
      author: None
       title: ajiss-547
        date: None
       words: 14020
      flesch: 48
     summary: For other LGBTIQ Muslims, these online forms also serve as a means to other ends. LGBTIQ Muslim Attitudes about Religious Leaders and Mosque Communities Other LGBTIQ Muslims and their allies whom I interviewed expressed keen regret that area mosque leaders mourned Orlando victims in ways that neither fully acknowledged their LGBTIQ identities nor addressed the existence and needs of LGBTIQ Muslims.
    keywords: american; area; community; detroit; gay; groups; identities; identity; islam; islamic; leaders; lgbtiq; lgbtiq muslims; mosque; muslims; orlando; people; public; queer; scholars; sex; social; vigils
       cache: ajiss-547.pdf
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        item: #2172 of 2426
          id: ajiss-548
      author: None
       title: ajiss-548
        date: None
       words: 11414
      flesch: 46
     summary: This is problematic because the acceptance of an “ideal-type” Muslim by wider American society has overshadowed the variation in race, ethnicity, nationality, and religiosity that exists in American Muslim communities. The backlash against Muslim American communities after 9/11 “led to the emergence of new leaders, especially among the second-generation who created new organizations to fill in existing gaps [in the community organizaing efforts of first-generation immigrants and native-born Muslim Americans].”14
    keywords: american; building; class; communities; community; faith; generation; identities; islam; islamophobia; masjids; muslim; new; new york; non; women; york
       cache: ajiss-548.pdf
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        item: #2173 of 2426
          id: ajiss-549
      author: None
       title: ajiss-549
        date: None
       words: 12253
      flesch: 54
     summary: Each vignette discussed involved Blackamerican Muslims reaching out to, and promoting bridges with, American Muslims of all backgrounds. Three ethnographic vignettes developed here—a masjid fundraiser, the work of two chaplains, and a political collec- tive—demonstrate that Blackamerican Muslims scholars and lead- ers are not only disrupting this discursive project, but also under- mining negative portrayals of Muslims and Islam more broadly.
    keywords: aiyub; allah; blackamerican; blackamerican muslims; community; good; imam; imam musa; immigrant; islam; islamic; jawad; leaders; masjid; musa; muslim; new; people; scholars; social; york
       cache: ajiss-549.pdf
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        item: #2174 of 2426
          id: ajiss-575
      author: Zayd, Abu
       title: Hadith: Muhammad’s Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World, 2nd ed. By Jonathan A.C. Brown, London: Oneworld Publications, 2018. 353 pages.
        date: 2019.0
       words: 4360
      flesch: 47
     summary: For instance, he compares the mutations that can creep into ḥadīth wordings to a game of telephone; Muʿ- jam/Thabt works to the effective CVs of ḥadīth scholars; and the isnād-seek- ing culture to collectors of rare coins who are not concerned with the coins’ original value or authenticity but how rare they were. When they did occur, ḥadīth scholars were well equipped to deal with them and they readily did so in practical ways, all of which reinforces our confidence in the overall craft.
    keywords: brown; chapter; muslim; prophet; reports; scholars; sunni; tradition; ḥadīth
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        item: #2175 of 2426
          id: ajiss-581
      author: Mohamed, Yasien
       title: Applying Ibn Khaldūn: The Recovery of a Lost Tradition in Sociology By Syed Farid Alatas (London: Routledge, 2014. 295 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1761
      flesch: 44
     summary: He states that only a few studies have “gone beyond mere comparison of some ideas and concepts in Ibn Khaldūn with those of modern western thinkers, towards theoretical integration of his theory into a framework that employs some of the tools of modern social sciences” (49). (48) Again, many scholars have written on Ibn Khaldūn, but most treat him as an historical figure or present him as a precursor to modern social thinkers.
    keywords: alatas; ibn; khaldūn; theory
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        item: #2176 of 2426
          id: ajiss-583
      author: Wheeler, Kayla Renée
       title: Suburban Islam: By Justine Howe (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 280 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1579
      flesch: 48
     summary: Central to Webb Foundation members is constructing an American Islam that allows their multiple intersecting 79Book Reviews identities to co-exist. Unlike other progressive Muslim organizations, Webb Foundation members do not focus on women lead- ing mix-gender prayer services.
    keywords: american; foundation; islam; webb
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        item: #2177 of 2426
          id: ajiss-584
      author: Rashid, Hussein
       title: Young Muslim America: Faith, Community, and Belonging By Muna Ali (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 360 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1077
      flesch: 57
     summary: This complication in how we perceive of cul- ture talk adds nuance to American Muslim narratives. She sums up a broad range of issues and community self-perceptions in this debate, which she then leverages into addressing other debates in American Muslim communities, including questions of race and gender.
    keywords: ali; chapter; muslim
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        item: #2178 of 2426
          id: ajiss-585
      author: Mohamed, Besheer
       title: Muslim Americans: Debating the Notions of American and Un-American By Nahid Kabir (New York: Routledge, 2016. 307 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 530
      flesch: 55
     summary: 307 pages. Muslim Americans: Debating the Notions of American and Un-American is an ambitious attempt to explore how American Muslims, especially immi- grants and their children, see the US and are seen by it. Chapter 2 uses in-depth interviews with US Muslims to describe their views of what it means to be American or un-American.
    keywords: american
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        item: #2179 of 2426
          id: ajiss-586
      author: DeCuir, Amaarah
       title: New Directions in Islamic Education: Pedagogy and Identity Formation By Abdullah Sahin (Markfield: Kube Publishing, 2013. 305 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2156
      flesch: 40
     summary: Although each on their own offers relevance to a greater understand- ing of the Muslim community, New Directions in Islamic Education juxta- 87 poses contemporary experiences of British youth with classical pedagogical methods of religious education to demonstrate the urgent need for “new directions” in Islamic education, all toward the challenges of educating Muslim youth in minoritized, western contexts. By the end of the section, Sahin asserts that the failure of Islamic education to meaningfully respond to Muslim youth’s pursuit of religious identity in a secular context will render Islamic schools, curricu- lum, and teaching methods futile.
    keywords: education; identity; islamic; muslim; sahin
       cache: ajiss-586.pdf
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        item: #2180 of 2426
          id: ajiss-587
      author: Mitiche, Ahmed Zakarya
       title: Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires By Juan Cole (New York: Nation Books, 2018. 336 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1568
      flesch: 45
     summary: Following Angelika Neuwirth, the author takes a bottom-up approach, drawing themes from the Qu- ran and then “listening for resonances with other works of late antiquity,” namely the hadith and sīra traditions, as well as non-Muslim sources from the Prophet’s time (229). 92 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:2 Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires Juan Cole New York:
    keywords: cole; peace; prophet; quran
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        item: #2181 of 2426
          id: ajiss-588
      author: Young, Alden
       title: Longing for the Lost Caliphate: A Transregional History By Mona Hassan (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. 409 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1270
      flesch: 52
     summary: Chapter Five argues that it was this very opening, without the possibility of immediate closure, that made it so difficult for Muslim communities to reconstitute a Caliphate in the twentieth century. By demonstrating that the violent end of the Abbasid Caliphate reverberated for hundreds of years, Hassan argues that the Muslim community is still experiencing the aftermath of the fateful events of March 3, 1924.
    keywords: caliphate; hassan; muslim
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        item: #2182 of 2426
          id: ajiss-589
      author: Wani, Nazar Ul Islam
       title: The Arab Spring: The Hope and Reality of the Uprisings, 2nd ed. By Mark L. Haas and David W. Lesch (eds.) (Boulder: Westview Press, 2016. 338 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1273
      flesch: 53
     summary: The first part, consisting of seven chapters, deals with the uprisings in Arab countries; part two, consisting of six chapters, discusses the impact of the Arab Spring on the non-Arab world and their core interests related to the uprisings. The Arab Spring was a series of protests which took place in Arab countries against longstanding dictatorial regimes, because of the latter’s inability or refusal to deliver socio-economic and political justice to the common 99 masses.
    keywords: book; spring; syria; uprisings
       cache: ajiss-589.pdf
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        item: #2183 of 2426
          id: ajiss-590
      author: Ogunnaike, Oludamini; Rustom, Mohammed
       title: Islam in English
        date: 2019.0
       words: 4779
      flesch: 51
     summary: Such an endeavor should not be limited to prose works of philosophy, ethics, and spirituality—one of the most characteristic features and glo- ries of the literatures of Islamic languages around the world is their poet- ry. Islamic English should not have a tension between “speaking to peo- ple in a language which they can understand” and speaking in a language which conforms to the Quranic worldview and reflects the beauty of its meanings.
    keywords: arabic; chinese; english; islamic; language; muslim; new; press; thought; university; works
       cache: ajiss-590.pdf
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        item: #2184 of 2426
          id: ajiss-591
      author: Susamto, Akhmad Akbar
       title: Toward a New Framework of Islamic Economic Analysis
        date: 2020.0
       words: 8560
      flesch: 43
     summary: To explain why efforts to develop Islamic economics have not brought about the expected results, several authors dwell on a lack of research fund- ing.24 For Siddiqi, the amount of public funds devoted to research in Islamic economics is insufficient.25 Others emphasize the relative historical youth of the discipline of modern Islamic economics, which—in contrast to the 107 centuries of development of conventional economics—was only formalized a few decades ago.26 The discipline is still in its infancy. Justification to Develop Islamic Economics The development of Islamic economics has been justified with the argu- ment that there are “distinct Islamic responses” to economic problems,14 on the presumption that particular economic approaches are “the logical outcome of the prevailing worldviews.”15
    keywords: actors; behavior; economics; economy; field; framework; ideal; islamic; journal; knowledge; methods; research; worldview
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        item: #2185 of 2426
          id: ajiss-593
      author: Ahsan, Abbas
       title: God beyond the Boundary-Stones of Thought
        date: 2020.0
       words: 21557
      flesch: 58
     summary: His ability and will to create such truths implies that He transcends them. This means that God is neither confined nor compelled to act in accordance with such truths.
    keywords: case; contradiction; experience; god; knowledge; laws; logic; mind; reference; relative; relativism; sense; statements; thought; truth; way; world
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        item: #2186 of 2426
          id: ajiss-606
      author: Abdelgawwad, Ossama
       title: Research Handbook on Islamic Law and Society : By Nadirsyah Hosen, ed. (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. 485 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1479
      flesch: 40
     summary: It brings together the study of Islamic legal discourse with historical, anthropological, and sociological research on Islamic law. Such an approach shows that the ‘right’ answer in one country is not necessarily the ‘right’ solution in another Muslim community, which explains the diverse application of Islamic law.
    keywords: function; islamic; law; muslim
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        item: #2187 of 2426
          id: ajiss-607
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: A Question of Presence and Agency: Mosques in the West, North and South By Earle H. Waugh
        date: 2019.0
       words: 4332
      flesch: 47
     summary: Waugh’s long history with the Edmonton Muslim community is evi- dent in the extensive detailing of the history of the first Muslims in Canada, focussing on Edmonton, Alberta, and the construction of mosque spaces in that prairie city. Chapter Seven (“New Narratives”) looks at five case studies that that exemplify a distinct shift in mosque design utilizing contemporary architectural language and reinterpreting patterned ornamentation on a large scale.
    keywords: architecture; book; building; chapter; community; mosque; muslims; social
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        item: #2188 of 2426
          id: ajiss-609
      author: March, Andrew
       title: Islamic Constitutionalism Before Sovereignty: Two Defenses of the Tunisian Constitution of 1861
        date: 2020.0
       words: 18162
      flesch: 51
     summary: Khayr al-Dīn al-Tūnisī, Aqwam al-masālik fī maʿrifat ah ̣wāl al-mamālik (Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Miṣrī, 2012), 6. Khayr al-Dīn al-Tūnisī, Aqwam al-masālik, 4. 53.
    keywords: authority; bin; bin ḍiyāf; constitution; dīn; god; ibid; islamic; justice; khayr al; law; laws; ottoman; pact; people; power; ruler; scholars; sharīʿa; sovereignty; state; thought; ḍiyāf
       cache: ajiss-609.pdf
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        item: #2189 of 2426
          id: ajiss-621
      author: Anchassi, Omar
       title: In Quest of Justice: Islamic Law and Forensic Medicine in Modern Egypt (by Khaled Fahmy)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2308
      flesch: 56
     summary: —Ibn al-Malak al-Rūmī (d. 854/1450-1)2 From this it is evident that dissection (tashrīḥ), which necessarily entails opening up the stomach, as we have said, is not permissible (lā yajūz). Muḥammad b. ‘Izz al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Laṭīf b. ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Karmānī al-Rūmī al-Ḥanafī, more commonly Ibn al-Malak.
    keywords: fahmy; fiqh; ibn; islamic; law; siyāsa
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        item: #2190 of 2426
          id: ajiss-622
      author: Jafar, Imad
       title: Repentance and the Return to God: Tawba in Early Sufism (by Atif Khalil)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2707
      flesch: 50
     summary: As both al-Muḥāsibī and al-Makkī have similar ways of focusing on the “practical concerns” and “moral psychology” of the spiritual path, there is considerable topical overlap between chapters six and seven. The sixth and seventh chapters deal, respectively, with the ways in which al-Hārith al-Muḥāsibī (d. 857) and Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī (d. 996) understood the idea of tawba.
    keywords: chapter; khalil; sufi; tawba
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        item: #2191 of 2426
          id: ajiss-623
      author: Rizvi, Muneeza
       title: Sufis, Salafis, and Islamists: The Contested Ground of British Islamic Activism (by Sadek Hamid)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1893
      flesch: 29
     summary: Most significantly, however, this chapter clarifies a driving normative commitment of Sufis, Salafis, and Islamists: de-exceptionalizing Islam and Muslims. While Hamid cites modest fashion, the music industry, and Muslim comedy as examples of Islam ac- quiring local relevance, one is left wondering how the author would evaluate state projects dedicated to regulating Muslims’ global sensibilities.
    keywords: activism; hamid; islam; islamic; muslims; press
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        item: #2192 of 2426
          id: ajiss-624
      author: Sheikh, Faraz
       title: Modern Muslim Theology: Engaging God and the World with Faith and Imagination (by Martin Nguyen)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2103
      flesch: 53
     summary: Nguyen ardently desires modern Muslim theology to be just and 91 ethical. Some discussion of how modern Muslim theology might grapple with epistemological questions would have helped the present reader.
    keywords: faith; god; nguyen; theology
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        item: #2193 of 2426
          id: ajiss-625
      author: Correri, Nicole 
       title: Speaking Qurʼan: An American Scripture (by Timur R. Yuskaev)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2287
      flesch: 42
     summary: At the seminary he directs the program for American Muslim Chap- lains and also co-edits the Muslim World journal. Yuskaev contends that each of these intellectuals, while representing diverse American Muslim discourses, was highly influential in American Islam from the Immigration Act of 1965 to the first decade after 9/11.
    keywords: american; islam; muslim; qur’an; yuskaev; yusuf
       cache: ajiss-625.pdf
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        item: #2194 of 2426
          id: ajiss-627
      author: Sofi, Mohammad Dawood 
       title: The Muslim Brotherhood: The Arab Spring and Its Future Face (by Beverley Milton-Edwards)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1446
      flesch: 40
     summary: These chapters also accentuate that these movements in many respects were sharply at variance with the Muslim Brotherhood organization. In this regard, a major role was played by Sayyid Qutb, commonly known as a “leading radical Islamist ideologue influencing not only sections of the Muslim Brotherhood but also other radical Sunni jihadi movements” (23).
    keywords: brotherhood; egypt; muslim; organization
       cache: ajiss-627.pdf
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        item: #2195 of 2426
          id: ajiss-628
      author: Wani, Gowhar Quadir 
       title: The Wars of Jurisprudence: Clash between Contractual Justice and Freedom of Contract (by Faiz Abdullah)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1087
      flesch: 40
     summary: The present book is based on the author’s doctoral research (duly modified) on contract law in Malaysia. To ameliorate this situation, the doctrine of contractual freedom needs to be revisited and re-examined, thereby introducing proper reforms in contract laws, in keeping with the “changing commercial and economic realities as well as changing legal and juristic thinking in other common law jurisdictions” (11).
    keywords: contract; justice; law
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        item: #2196 of 2426
          id: ajiss-648
      author: Mugler, Joshua
       title: Christians, Muslims, and Mary: A History by Rita George-Tvrtković
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1626
      flesch: 49
     summary: At the level of theological debate, one key issue is Mary’s potential claim to prophethood, but George-Tvrtković is also interested in the history of Mary in Muslims’ popular devotion and artistic endeavors. 140 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 Christians, Muslims, and Mary: A History Rita George-Tvrtković New York: Paulist Press, 2018.
    keywords: george; mary; muslims; tvrtković
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        item: #2197 of 2426
          id: ajiss-65
      author: Saeidi, Shirin
       title: A Passionate Pursuit of Justice: Towards an Ethics of Islamic Feminist Research Practice
        date: 2018.0
       words: 11236
      flesch: 46
     summary: 3Saeidi: A Passionate Pursuit of Justice Central to this assertion is my claim that feminist care ethics, which influ- ences feminist care politics during field research and qualitative analysis, does not offer adequate methods for working with populations that follow other traditions concerning the interplay between care and justice. Next, I concentrate on feminist methodolo- gies to think through the strengths and weaknesses of current theorizations of feminist care ethics.
    keywords: activists; care; care ethics; cultural; ethics; feminist; hezbollah; iran; islamic; justice; movement; politics; practice; press; pursuit; research; saeidi; state; university; women
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        item: #2198 of 2426
          id: ajiss-657
      author: Schubel, Vernon James 
       title: Islam and World History: The Ventures of Marshall Hodgson By Edmund Burke III and Robert J. Mankin, eds. (Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press, 2018. 193 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1565
      flesch: 42
     summary: In Islam and World History: The Ventures of Marshall Hodgson, editors Ed- mund Burke III and Robert J. Mankin have provided a valuable service to the scholarly community by bringing together a series of insightful essays that place the creation of Hodgson’s posthumous masterwork, The Venture of Islam, into a broader historical and intellectual context. On the other hand, Hodgson—who, as one of the contributors to this volume notes, proclaimed “there is no Orient” fully thirty years before the publication of Orientalism—did much more than provide a critique of the way in which the history of Muslims and Islam had been written.
    keywords: history; hodgson; islam; world
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        item: #2199 of 2426
          id: ajiss-658
      author: Anchassi, Omar 
       title: Modern Things on Trial: Islam’s Global and Material Reformation in the Age of Rida, 1865-1935 By Leor Halevi (New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. 378 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1791
      flesch: 54
     summary: For Riḍā’s fulsome praise of Qaṣīmī’s Wahhābī polemic Kitāb al-Burūq al-na- jdiyya fī Iktisāḥ al-ẓulamāt al-Dijawiyya, see al-Manār, vol. Leor Halevi’s formidable monograph on the fatāwā of Rashīd Riḍā (d. 1354/1935) in al-Manār is thus precisely what one would hope for in the study of this much maligned Islamic legal instrument.2
    keywords: halevi; islamic; muslim; riḍā
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        item: #2200 of 2426
          id: ajiss-661
      author: Gingrich, Andre 
       title: Sharī‘a Scripts: A Historical Anthropology By Brinkley Messick (New York: Columbia University Press, 2018. 534 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 739
      flesch: 40
     summary: Anthropologists, historians, legal studies experts, and other special- ists of the Middle East are likely to benefit in different ways from the book’s ten chapters, but each of them will find new and unexpected insights. Messick’s competence in interpreting and analyzing classic legal works 109 (such as Kitāb al-Azhār or Sayl al-jarrār) against these regional sources are decisive for the wider relevance of the entire scholarly enterprise.
    keywords: anthropology; messick
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        item: #2201 of 2426
          id: ajiss-662
      author: Lawrence, Bruce B.
       title: Islam without Europe: Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought By Ahmad S. Dallal (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 436 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1236
      flesch: 52
     summary: Each chapter is marked by meticulous scholarship, but even more by a bold thesis: reform was largely generated within Muslim intellectual circles, devoid of influ- ence or dependence on European action or actors. It is hard to exaggerate the scope or scale of this major monograph from one of the foremost Arab Muslim scholars of his generation, Ahmad Dallal, formerly Provost at the American University of Beirut, and now Dean of Georgetown University Qatar.
    keywords: dallal; eighteenth; ibn; islamic
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        item: #2202 of 2426
          id: ajiss-663
      author: Saeidi , Shirin 
       title: Faith and Resistance: The Politics of Love and War in Lebanon By Sarah Marusek (London: Pluto Press, 2018. 234 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1559
      flesch: 36
     summary: There also exists tension for the neoliberal international partners that some of Islamic resistance charities have developed. 113Book Reviews Faith and Resistance: The Politics of Love and War in Lebanon Sarah Marusek London: Pluto Press, 2018.
    keywords: islamic; lebanon; marusek; resistance
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        item: #2203 of 2426
          id: ajiss-664
      author: Patel , Madiha 
       title: Proud: My Fight for an Unlikely American Dream By Ibtihaj Muhammad with Lori Tharps (New York: Hachette Books, 2018. 288 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1063
      flesch: 59
     summary: Ibtihaj opens up about her battle with mental health issues while training. 288 pages. Ibtihaj Muhammad, the US Olympic medalist, shares her story of becoming an athlete in her book titled Proud.
    keywords: fencing; ibtihaj; story
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        item: #2204 of 2426
          id: ajiss-665
      author: Valkenberg, Pim 
       title: Radical Love: Teachings from the Islamic Mystical Tradition By Omid Safi, trans. and ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. 335 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 695
      flesch: 60
     summary: Yet most of these collections have been published by presses that specialize in spirituality, so it is quite remarkable to see this collection of poetry translated and edited by Omid Safi being published by Yale University Press. Omid Safi introduces these mystics on the last pages of his introduction (xli-l).
    keywords: love; safi
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        item: #2205 of 2426
          id: ajiss-666
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmed
       title: Images of the Prophet Muhammad in English Literature: By Abdur Raheem Kidwai (New York: Peter Lang, 2018. 168 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1378
      flesch: 38
     summary: These works, in Kidwai’s assessment, have done “justice, to a large extent, to the Prophet’s genius and his life-ennobling message” (120), and thus “reflect a sea-change in the representation of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)” in twentieth/twenty-first century English literature. Kidwai acknowledges that his book is a new addition to other works analysing portrayals of the Proph- et’s blessed life, including Byron Porter Smith’s Islam in English Literature (1937), ‘Adnān Muḥammad al-Wazzān’s Ṣūrat al-islām fī-l-adab al-inklīzī (2 vols., 1998), and Matthew Dimmock’s Mythologies of the Prophet Mu- hammad in Early Modern English Culture (2013).
    keywords: english; islam; kidwai; prophet
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        item: #2206 of 2426
          id: ajiss-667
      author: Dar, Owais Manzoor 
       title: Mediating Islam and Modernity: By Sir Syed, Iqbal and Azad By Tauseef Ahmad Parray (New Delhi, India: Viva Books Private Limited, 2019. 182 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1194
      flesch: 40
     summary: The book not only analyses Sir Sayyid, Azad, and Iqbal on Islam and modernity but also reveals their continued relevance in present times through interpreting a wide variety of Urdu and English sources. The third chapter (“Islamic Modernist and Reformist Thought in Co- lonial India: A Comparative Study of Sir Sayyid and Muhammad Iqbal”) situates Sir Sayyid and Iqbal’s modernist visions in broader South Asia, especially on the topics of natural science, legal reasoning, and political 130 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:4 organization.
    keywords: islam; sayyid; sir
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        item: #2207 of 2426
          id: ajiss-668
      author: Avivi, Yamil 
       title: Latina Muslim Producers of Online and Literary Countermedia: A Case Study in Union City - New Jersey
        date: 2019.0
       words: 9499
      flesch: 49
     summary: Cultural Knowledge Production as Countermedia Scholars have written about the ways in which Muslim women like Nahela Morales and Wendy Diaz are defining their positionality through cultural production that complicates the flattening of American Muslim women through media (mis)representations. I refer to them as “countermedia agents” because their cultural and feminist works offer alternative understandings of being a present-day Latina Muslim convert while challenging dominant discourses and simplified representations of Latina Muslim culture and identity.
    keywords: american; children; city; community; diaz; hablamos; hijab; identity; islam; islamic; latina; media; morales; muslim; new; spanish; union; women
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        item: #2208 of 2426
          id: ajiss-670
      author: Zaman, Meryem F. 
       title: Guest Editorial
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1947
      flesch: 37
     summary: Yamil Avivi’s work on Latina Muslims in the forum section further demonstrates that individual acts of advocacy and identity creation can empower other Muslims. Yamil Avivi’s work on Latina Muslims in the forum section further demonstrates that individual acts of advocacy and identity creation can empower other Muslims.
    keywords: islam; muslims; social; subjects
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        item: #2209 of 2426
          id: ajiss-683
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: Scholarship and Social Engagement: Reflecting on the Career of Sulayman Nyang
        date: 2019.0
       words: 3641
      flesch: 47
     summary: One remarkable example of a scholar who brought both unity and enlightenment by combining scholarship with social engagement and ac- tivism is that of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari. Abu al-Hasan al-Ash‘ari played a decisive role in bringing about a far-reaching social transformation that brought social peace and unity.
    keywords: american; islam; islamic; muslim; public; scholarship; social; sulayman
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        item: #2210 of 2426
          id: ajiss-685
      author: Snedeker, Wesley 
       title: Refuge: Rethinking Refugee Policy in a Changing World
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1611
      flesch: 45
     summary: Part I details the subject at hand—defining a refugee and considering how an individual comes to be one, providing a history of refugee policy and arguing for its outdatedness, and recounting the re- cent events that led to the current Syrian crisis. Given the above circumstances, the authors posit a number of import- ant guiding changes to refugee policy, starting with changing the definition of a “refugee”: 70
    keywords: betts; collier; policy; refugee
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        item: #2211 of 2426
          id: ajiss-686
      author: Mancini-Lander, Derek J. 
       title: Authority and Identity in Medieval Islamic Historiography: Persian Histories from the Peripheries
        date: 2019.0
       words: 3227
      flesch: 39
     summary: The book conducts a close study of a handful of Persian local histories from key urban localities of various sizes and geo- graphic regions, which the author reads in comparison: Qum, Ṭabaristān, Bukhārā, Bayhaq, and Sīstān. Both are issues that the current reviewer wrestles with in his own work on Persian local histories in a slightly later period, and it is hoped that his reflections might constructively add to Hanaoka’s findings here.
    keywords: hanaoka; histories; history; identity; persian; works
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        item: #2212 of 2426
          id: ajiss-689
      author: Iqbal, Basit Kareem 
       title: Radical Skin, Moderate Masks: De-radicalising the Muslim and Racism in Post-racial Societies
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2779
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Muslims may be ignorant, wounded, or stupid, trapped by that history, but true Islam is not defined by it. The pursuit of authenticity is the quintessen- tial modern malaise, and is conducted in various idioms; as modernists, such reformers defend true Islam from those they call “extremists” on the one hand and “postmodernists” (and, recently, “feminists”) on the other.
    keywords: book; islam; masks; morsi; muslim
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        item: #2213 of 2426
          id: ajiss-692
      author: Doha, Tanzeen Rashed
       title: The Making of Islamic Heritage: Muslim Pasts and Heritage Presents
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2344
      flesch: 33
     summary: Identifying contradictions, contestations, ruptures, and discontinuities with regards to claims to Islamic heritage do not necessarily negate the coherence in the name Islam. Bashir emphasizes the “distinctive instantiations” of various articulations of Islamic heritage, calling into question chronologi- cal accounts of Islamic legacy.
    keywords: bashir; chapter; heritage; history; islamic; secular
       cache: ajiss-692.pdf
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        item: #2214 of 2426
          id: ajiss-697
      author: Nayman, Sibel
       title: Islam and Psychology: Research Approaches and Theoretical and Practical Implications
        date: 2022.0
       words: 2325
      flesch: 30
     summary: To address this fundamental question at the level of a conference for the first time in continental Europe, the Islamic Association of Social and Educational Professions (IASE) brought together a group of approx- imately 65 Muslim students, counselors, therapists, psychiatrists, and Islamic theologians from across Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in Frankfurt am Main on April 6, 2019. Finally, he derived three recommendations for the future work of mental health professionals and Islamic theologians: (a) fard ‘ayn: patients and 192 
    keywords: germany; health; islamic; muslim; psychology; psychotherapy
       cache: ajiss-697.pdf
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        item: #2215 of 2426
          id: ajiss-703
      author: Siddiqui, Atif Suhail
       title: Theological and Intellectual Roots in Deobandi Thoughts : A Paradigm from Muhammad Qāsim Nānawtawī's Discourses with Special Reference to his Ḥujjat al-Islām
        date: 2020.0
       words: 10796
      flesch: 58
     summary: He does discuss the section of Mubāḥithah in which Nānawtawī Siddiqui: A Paradigm from Muḥammad Qāsim Nānawtawī 46 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 responds to Dayānanda regarding the miracle of Muḥammad41—but the most important section, which is Nānawtawī’s philosophical discussion of monotheism and his response to his Christian opponents, is not here cov- ered. If the disputation (munāẓarah) had been a critical form of argumentation historically widespread in Islamic theological and juridi- cal circles (for instance, for debating legal or theological doctrines within Siddiqui: A Paradigm from Muḥammad Qāsim Nānawtawī 48 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 Islamic sects or juridical schools), Nānawtawī in the nineteenth century extended its form “outward”, beyond the limits of the Muslim communi- ty, in response to the proselytization of Christian and Hindu preachers.68 Nānawtawī’s methodology also allows him to incorporate (without be- coming mired in) classical Islamic theological discussions.
    keywords: british; christian; deoband; divine; existence; god; ibid; india; islamic; islām; journal; muslims; muḥammad; nānawtawī; qāsim; qāsim nānawtawī; religion; siddiqui; society; thought; ḥujjat; ḥujjat al
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        item: #2216 of 2426
          id: ajiss-705
      author: Pruss, Maria-Magdalena
       title: Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria: by Deanna Ferree Womack
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1712
      flesch: 30
     summary: In sum, Syrian Protestant women not only fully participated in the Nahda, as the chapter demonstrates, but were actually some of its earliest female proponents. Whether they composed novels or taught in girls’ schools, published on child-rearing or wrote for periodicals, founded charities or gave public speeches, Syrian women were anything but passive ‘recipients’ of an intellectual movement thought out and led by men.
    keywords: american; chapter; protestant; women
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        item: #2217 of 2426
          id: ajiss-709
      author: Wheeler, Brannon
       title: Islamist Exegesis of Q 3:110: The Islamic Doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect
        date: 2020.0
       words: 11000
      flesch: 58
     summary: Muʿammar al-Qadhdhāfī, al-Naẓariyya al-thālitha (Tripoli: al-Ittiḥād al-Ish- ritākī al-ʿArabī, n.d.). 34. Qadhdhāfī, al-Naẓariyya al-thālitha. 35.
    keywords: 3:110; american; community; doctrine; exegesis; god; hijra; ibn; islam; islamic; islamist; journal; muhammad; muslim; people; prophet; q 3:110; refugees; society; wheeler; world
       cache: ajiss-709.pdf
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        item: #2218 of 2426
          id: ajiss-714
      author: Parker, Thomas
       title: The Contemporary Islamic Governed State: A Reconceptualization by Joseph Kaminski
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1753
      flesch: 42
     summary: Kaminski’s book continues the conversation started by Hallaq’s Impossible State by instead showing what is possible in Islamic states. Since its 2013 release, Wael Hallaq’s The I mpossible S tate has retained a central position in debates within the field of Islamic political thought.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; kaminski; state
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        item: #2219 of 2426
          id: ajiss-719
      author: Rafiq, Tayyaba
       title: Christian Martyrs Under Islam: Religious Violence and the Making of the Muslim World by Christian C. Sahner
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1389
      flesch: 37
     summary: Christian Sahner’s Christian Martyrs Under Islam attempts the first holistic account of Christian martyrs in Islam’s early history (the seventh to the ninth cen- turies) alongside investigating the role violence played in shaping Islamic dominance within the region. Their production of the highest number of neo-martyr works and their links to Byzantium suggested their aversion to being subjected to a new elite, alongside their own political and religious decline.
    keywords: christian; islamic; muslim; sahner
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        item: #2220 of 2426
          id: ajiss-721
      author: Shareef, Umar
       title: Hermeneutics in the Genre of Mukhtaṣar: Civil and Commercial Law in Islamic Law by Husain Kassim
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1568
      flesch: 51
     summary: For example, he claims the Ḥanbalī jurist al-Khiraqī, by virtue of using hadith, employs the hermeneutics of al-Shāfiʿī and thus contributes to the development and systemization of the legal system—but he provides no evi- dence of such an approach nor explains how it specifically impacts the Ḥan- balī school (96). Focusing on civil and commercial law, Husain Kassim’s argument is twofold: first, that mukhtaṣars are more than just succinct legal summaries of earlier jurists but also that in their own right they work to structure the law by incor- porating the hermeneutical methodology of al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820); and, second, that mukhtaṣars reflect legal development and change over time, a view most clearly expressed in their articulation of new legal positions 157Book Reviews not found in the works of earlier jurists.
    keywords: kassim; law; mukhtaṣar
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        item: #2221 of 2426
          id: ajiss-726
      author: Anchassi, Omar
       title: Female Sexuality in the Early Medieval Islamic World: Gender and Sex in Arabic Literature by Pernilla Myrne
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1798
      flesch: 53
     summary: Khālid al-Rabbāṭ et al. (Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2016), 16:449. Myrne’s book does much to validate the claims of al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/868) in his infamous Risāla fi l-Qiyān that expectations of decorum between the sexes were not always as they later came to be.5 Though there are many indications in the sources of women’s frankness on matters sexual, as in the copious literature of mujūn (socially and reli- giously subversive material, usually with erotic or bacchic themes), Myrne notes that women were much more typically the recipients of such treat- ment than those trafficking in it.
    keywords: islamic; myrne; sex; women
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        item: #2222 of 2426
          id: ajiss-733
      author: Anchassi, Omar
       title: Law, Empire, and the Sultan: Ottoman Imperial Authority and Late Ḥanafī Jurisprudence by Samy A. Ayoub
        date: 2020.0
       words: 2509
      flesch: 46
     summary: See, for example, the extensive discussion of this issue by Ibn al-Mundhir (d. 318/930) in his encyclopaedic al-Awsaṭ min al-sunan wa-l-ijmāʿ wa-l-ikhtilāf, ed. Beirut: al-Maṭbaʿa al-adabiyya, 1302/1884-5, 247. 3.
    keywords: ayoub; jurists; late; law; mecelle; ottoman
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        item: #2223 of 2426
          id: ajiss-735
      author: Parvizian, Saja
       title: Averroës’ Takfīr of al-Ghazālı̄: Ta’wīl and Causal Kufr
        date: 2021.0
       words: 12694
      flesch: 61
     summary: 29 On moral treatment of kuffār, see Griffel (2001) and Hoover (2009) 30 Here, Averroës is explicitly referencing al-Ghazālī, as his full name is ‘Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī’. 31 In his spiritual autobiog- raphy, Deliverance from Error (al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl), al-Ghazālī describes how he defeated the philosophers, refuted misguided sects such as the Ta‘līmites, clarified Ash‘arite theology, and experienced the realities of Sufism.
    keywords: averroës; e r; ghazālī; incoherence; interpretation; kufr; philosophy; r n; r r; scripture
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        item: #2224 of 2426
          id: ajiss-744
      author: Gutmann, Timothy
       title: Propaedeutics in Practice: Islamic Legal Studies and the Public Sphere
        date: 2020.0
       words: 9534
      flesch: 43
     summary: The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:3-4 Finally, I consider Saba Mahmood’s account of religious difference to suggest how Islamic legal traditions might complicate liberal ideas of jurisdiction. To avoid either of these caricatures, I suggest looking to the pro- paedeutic potential within Islamic legal traditions themselves.
    keywords: american; authority; islamic; law; muslims; need; people; practice; press; propaedeutic; public; scholars; state; studies; thought; traditions; university; work
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        item: #2225 of 2426
          id: ajiss-752
      author: Rahman, Rafiqur
       title: The Dissemination and Implementation of Islam within the African American Community
        date: 2021.0
       words: 11954
      flesch: 43
     summary: Of course the American Census Bureau categories upon which these problematic classifications are based are polemical and are racially contested within the United States.21 African American Muslims reconstructed “Islam as a reli- gion and civilization of resistance to Euro-American imperialism and anti-Black racism,” and, as a result, Black Islam as a discrete Muslim religion began historically manifesting itself within the African American community and consciousness as a monotheistic faith tradition theo-historically capable of manumitting African American Christians from their transatlantic slave trade past.22 Many non-African immigrant Muslim communities are blithely unaware of the African American narrative concerning historical respectability, consciousness, and justice within the United States. By so doing, Black Islam theo-historically acknowledges the non-European particularity of their own idiosyncratic religion, culture, race, consciousness, social imaginary, community, and ethnicity by resurrecting an erased tribal ancestral name, mem- bership, and identity associated with their suppressed African Muslim forebears.58 Yahya Monastra aptly illustrates how the lexemic and etymological association, meanings, and connota- tions associated with the mindful and conscientious selection of one’s Islamic religious identity, membership.
    keywords: african; american; black; community; consciousness; e d; e r; e t; h e; identity; islam; islamic; m e; muslim; n d; n j; r n; religion; s e; states; united; white
       cache: ajiss-752.pdf
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        item: #2226 of 2426
          id: ajiss-762
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: An Anchor and a Vehicle: A Muslim’s Reflection on His Faith
        date: 2017.0
       words: 2836
      flesch: 60
     summary: Faith of the Heart The central features of the Islamic faith (īmān) are belief, with the heart, in the existence and oneness of Almighty God as the sole creator of the universe; confidence, in one’s mind, in God’s omnipotence; and sincere reliance, with one’s whole self, on God’s mercy and lordship in managing all that exists. Although in Islam belief is all about God, other theological components play indispensable roles, among them belief in the existence of angels and their roles; belief in each and every messenger and prophet of God; belief in the truth of His books and scriptures; belief in the Day of Judgment; and belief in His decree (predestination), whether good or bad.
    keywords: belief; confidence; faith; god; life; worship
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        item: #2227 of 2426
          id: ajiss-763
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: From the Sacred Canopy to the Haunted Vault: Understanding Secularism from within Islam
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8035
      flesch: 46
     summary: To use one of Taylor’s ty- Editorial xiii pologies—and he offers more than one—secularism could be philosophical, which is the same as atheism; it could be social, which means the decline of indicators such as church attendance and ritual significance in social norms and relations; and finally, there is political secularism. The logic of why French laïcité functions differently from American secularism cannot be understood as if secularism were no more than a volume on a CD player that could be turned up to yield an “assertive” French secularism or down to furnish a “passive” American or Canadian one.11 Rather, as Asad, Agrama, and others have shown, secularism functions through and is the ide- ology of the modern nation-state, which asserts its sovereign authority by en- acting the requisite separations in order to protect the public sphere or public order from the competing authority of religious claims.
    keywords: american; god; islamic; journal; knowledge; life; muslim; religion; sciences; secularism; social; state; taylor; tradition; university; world
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        item: #2228 of 2426
          id: ajiss-767
      author: Caeiro, Alexandre
       title: Facts, Values, and Institutions: Notes on Contemporary Islamic Legal Debate
        date: 2017.0
       words: 13960
      flesch: 55
     summary: Also, consider the following neologisms used in titles of contemporary Arabic Islamic legal works: al-‘alāqāt al-dawlīyah (international relations), al-waṭan wa al-muwāṭanah (the nation and citizenship), al-aqallīyāt al-dīnīyah (religious minorities), al- tanmīyah al-waṭanīyah (national development), al-niẓām al-iqtiṣādī (the eco- nomic system), al-shakhṣīyah al-i‘tibārīyah (legal personality), al-takāful al-ijtimā‘ī (social solidarity), al-niẓām al-‘āmm (public order), thaqāfat al- dā‘iyah (the preacher’s culture), al-sa‘ādat al-usarīyah (family happiness), and shakhṣīyat al-muslim (the Muslim personality). Madārik al-Naẓr fī al-Siyāsah bayna al-Tatbiqāt al-Shara‘īyah wa al-Infi’ālāt al- Ḥamāsīyah.
    keywords: american; concept; contemporary; discourse; fatwas; fiqh al; institutions; islamic; journal; knowledge; law; modern; muslim; new; political; press; qaradawi; realism; reality; scholars; sciences; state; thought; tradition; university; wa al; west; world; wāqi
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        item: #2229 of 2426
          id: ajiss-768
      author: Al-Timimi, Tariq
       title: Understanding Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah: A Contemporary Perspective by Mufsir bin Ali al-Qahtani (Herndon, VA and Surrey, UK: IIIT, 2015. 202 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1252
      flesch: 54
     summary: There is nothing original in this chapter, as al-Izz bin Abdussalam (d. 1262), al-Shatibi (d. 1388), Ibn al-Qayyim (d. 1350), and the other usual figures are cited. One imagines that many scholars find such a treatment risible and demeaning of the topic itself in comparison to other authoritative writings on uṣūl al-fiqh, such as Muhammad Sa‘id Ramadan al-Buti’s Ḍawābit al-Maṣlaḥah.
    keywords: chapter; maqāṣid
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        item: #2230 of 2426
          id: ajiss-769
      author: Safi, Louay
       title: The Foundation of Knowledge: Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014. 214 pages.
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1978
      flesch: 34
     summary: He asserts that al-Shafi‘i’s intellectual exploits in uṣūl-al-fiqh are applicable to other fields of scientific research and illustrates this by claiming that bayān, which later developed into ‘ilm al-ma‘ānī (semantics), was employed in such areas as tafsīr al-Qur’ān (Qur’an interpretation) and al-naqd al-adabī (literary criticism). Similarly, he identifies bayān (clarification) and qiyās (analogy) as the titles under which al-Shafi‘i discussed textual interference.
    keywords: knowledge; methods
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        item: #2231 of 2426
          id: ajiss-771
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad
       title: Words of Power: Ḥurūfī Teachings between Shi‘ism and Sufism in Medieval Islam: The Original Doctrine of Faḍl Allāh Astarābādī by Orkhan Mir-Kasimov (London: I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2015. 590 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 2135
      flesch: 48
     summary: Sur- prisingly, given Astarabadi’s own messianic role, there is little discussion on walāyah, which is such a central concept in different esotericisms, even if the other key notion of such approaches to text, namely, ta’wīl, is much analyzed. The ultimate homology is between God and His form in Adam – although it is the first human couple who fully manifest the divine, since for Astarabadi Eve is the form of Adam.
    keywords: adam; astarabadi; kasimov; mir; word
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  plain text: ajiss-771.txt

        item: #2232 of 2426
          id: ajiss-772
      author: Haq, Sara
       title: Good Girls Marry Doctors: South Asian American Daughters on Obedience and Rebellion by Piyali Bhattacharya (San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books, 2016. 196 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1465
      flesch: 55
     summary: In the context of Islamic studies, the stories by Muslim South Asian American women serve as a source of expe- riential and affective knowledge. The book can easily be included in syllabi ranging from South Asian American studies, American studies, and Islamic studies to women/gender/sexuality studies, cultural studies, and affect theory.
    keywords: american; stories; studies; women
       cache: ajiss-772.pdf
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        item: #2233 of 2426
          id: ajiss-774
      author: Smith, Andrew C.
       title: In the Presence of the Sublime Qur’an: A Commentary on Part 30 [chapters 78-114] by Abdolali Bazargan (trans. Mohammad Fani and Amir Douraghy; ed. Hamid Mavani) (Laguna Hills, CA: Payam, 2016. 476 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1541
      flesch: 47
     summary: This volume represents an especially modern viewpoint with regard to un- derstanding the Qur’an and its message, while also being firmly embedded in traditional approaches and methods for its interpretation. These lectures, a portion of which have been translated and edited into this single volume, were initially presented to groups of lay Muslims interested in the general theme of “be- coming acquainted with the Qur’an” (p. xiv).
    keywords: bazargan; qur’an; volume
       cache: ajiss-774.pdf
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        item: #2234 of 2426
          id: ajiss-776
      author: Tutt, Daniel
       title: Why I Am a Salafi: By Michael Muhammad Knight Berkeley, (CA: Soft Skull Press, 2015. 320 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1322
      flesch: 57
     summary: In a strange solidarity with his younger self, Knight finds a new apprecia- tion for Pamphlet Islam because it offers a postmodern “ready-made” version of the faith. His local mosque was partially funded by Saudi Arabia, and thus he names many of the texts on Islam that he was given “Pamphlet Islam.”
    keywords: book; islam; knight
       cache: ajiss-776.pdf
  plain text: ajiss-776.txt

        item: #2235 of 2426
          id: ajiss-777
      author: Berg, Herbert
       title: The Qur’ānic Pagans and Related Matters: Collected Studies in Three Volumes. Volume I by Patricia Crone (ed. Hanna Siurua) Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2016. 503 pages.
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1707
      flesch: 58
     summary: Chapter 7 examines another part of the Qur’an’s context: the Book of Watchers story, which formed part of the general background in which the Qur’an was revealed. Chapters 9 and 10 reexamine the claim that Jewish Christianity played a role in the Qur’an’s formation.
    keywords: chapter; crone; qur’an; tradition
       cache: ajiss-777.pdf
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        item: #2236 of 2426
          id: ajiss-778
      author: Bruckmayr, Philipp
       title: Shi‘ism in South East Asia: ‘Alid Piety and Sectarian Constructions by Chiara Formichi and Michael Feener, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 397 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1910
      flesch: 43
     summary: Part 4 is devoted to the recent emergence of Shi‘i groups in Indonesia. Bianca Scarcia Amoretti’s article on Shi‘a de- votion to the Ahl al-Bayt inter alia shows how the religious policies of the Ilkhanids and the Safavids facilitated Sufism’s appropriation of Shi‘i elements and the internationalization of a brand of Shi‘ism intertwined with Iranian im- perial claims, respectively.
    keywords: alid; asian; century; islamic; piety; shi‘ism; southeast
       cache: ajiss-778.pdf
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        item: #2237 of 2426
          id: ajiss-779
      author: Siavoshi, Sussan
       title: Foucault in Iran: Islamic Revolution after the Enlightenment by Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. 257 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1446
      flesch: 45
     summary: Some applauded its astute depiction of both the character of political Islam and Fou- cault’s faulty interpretation of it, whereas others criticized it for misinterpreting Shi’a Islam, misreading Foucault’s oeuvre, or both. But this is not where its value ends, for he uses Foucault as a spring board to delve into other choppy waters: the debates over historiography, modernity, secularity, the place of public religion, and in this case, of political Islam.
    keywords: book; foucault; ghamari; islam
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        item: #2238 of 2426
          id: ajiss-780
      author: Abbas, Shabbir A.
       title: The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad: Forty Sacred Sayings by John Andrew Morrow (Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2015. 282 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 965
      flesch: 55
     summary: Morrow begins by writing a preface that presents an excellent short discussion on al- aḥādīth al-qudsīyah; however, it is too academic for laypeople to understand. The first volume, Kalimat Allāh, is a compilation of al-aḥādīth al-qudsīyah, which are not considered part of the Qur’an.
    keywords: morrow; translation
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        item: #2239 of 2426
          id: ajiss-781
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Elements of a Prophetic Voice of Dissent and Engagement
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8310
      flesch: 43
     summary: To many religious American Muslims, the new sexual and gender norms heighten the cost of integration. It is no wonder, then, that for the vast majority of American Muslim indi- viduals and institutions, American cultural norms are the backdrop and justifi- catory framework within which Islamic norms are reformed and selected, and not the other way around.
    keywords: ajiss34; american; consent; final_ajiss; god; homonormativity; homosexuality; human; islamic; muslims; norms; page; self; social; world
       cache: ajiss-781.pdf
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        item: #2240 of 2426
          id: ajiss-784
      author: Finn, David Raeburn
       title: Islam’s Foundational Equality
        date: 2017.0
       words: 6619
      flesch: 57
     summary: (2:223) Hidayatullah quotes Kecia Ali approvingly to suggest that wherever egalitarian tafsīr “systematically avoids inconvenient verses” (Feminist Edges, p. 135) and “selectively” presents egalitarian verses in isolation from their broader scriptural context, it is “fundamentally dishonest and ultimately fu- tile” (Sexual Ethics, pp. 131-32). Apparently she believes this permits her to categorize a host of egalitarian verses enjoining the elimination of pre-revelatory inequalities in worship, marriage, divorce, and family life as conflicting with central under- lying Qur’anic themes, notably male privilege.
    keywords: egalitarian; equality; god; hidayatullah; men; qur’an; verses; women; word
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        item: #2241 of 2426
          id: ajiss-786
      author: Michney, Todd M.
       title: Islamophobia and Racism in America: By Erik Love (New York: New York University Press, 2017. 267 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1682
      flesch: 34
     summary: Furthermore, the socially conservative values and entrepreneurial orientation of many American Muslims had led them to vote Republican prior to 9/11, a dimension that Love completely overlooks. Using as a jumping-off point the upsurge in hate crimes perpetrated against American Muslims and others presumed to be Muslim after the 9/11 attacks, the author asserts that the “co-constituted nature of American racism and Is- lamophobia” (p. 4) is traceable to the mistaken assumption that someone’s re- ligious affiliation can be readily discerned by his/her appearance.
    keywords: american; islamophobia; love; middle; muslims
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        item: #2242 of 2426
          id: ajiss-787
      author: Abuali, Eyad
       title: Arabic-Islamic Views of the Latin West: Tracing the Emergence of Medieval Europe by Daniel G. König (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 464 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1587
      flesch: 45
     summary: Bernard Lewis asserted that the Latin West was perceived as a united barbaric monolith, one viewed at best with disinterest in the minds of Muslim writers – a view that continues to in- fluence scholarship to this day. Hence, such information became more rele- vant to medieval Muslim societies as they became socially and politically established and their intellectual traditions gathered pace.
    keywords: islamic; könig; latin
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        item: #2243 of 2426
          id: ajiss-789
      author: Newlon, Brendan
       title: Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism: By Tristan James Mabry (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. 254 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1120
      flesch: 34
     summary: Chapters 5 through 10 summarize the regional case studies through which Mabry developed his thesis: chapter 5, “Tongue Ties: The Kurds of Iraq”; chap- ter 6, “Natives of the ‘New Frontier’: The Uyghurs of Xinjiang”; chapter 7, “Print Culture and Protest: The Sindhis of Pakistan”; chapter 8, “Speaking to the Nation: The Kashmiris of India”; chapter 9, “From Nationalism to Is- lamism: The Acehnese of Indonesia”; and chapter 10, “Religious Community versus Ethnic Diversity: The Moros of the Philippines.” He includes several tables of demographic data about Arab states with special attention to literacy and regional vernacu- lars.
    keywords: chapter; nationalism
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        item: #2244 of 2426
          id: ajiss-790
      author: Takim, Liyakat
       title: The Emergence of Modern Shi‘ism: Islamic Reform in Iraq and Iran by Zackery Heern (London: Oneworld Publications, 2015.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1249
      flesch: 51
     summary: Given that Wahid Bihbahani (1709-91), the founder and catalyst for Usuli revivalism during the nineteenth century, is barely known in the West, it is a welcome ad- dition to the growing Western literature on medieval and modern Shi‘ism. Since he explores Bihbahani’s role in Usuli revivalism, Heern needs to examine and elaborate on this figure’s thoughts in greater depth.
    keywords: movement; usuli; usulism
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        item: #2245 of 2426
          id: ajiss-791
      author: Amin, Yasmin
       title: Disagreements of the Jurists: A Manual of Islamic Legal Theory
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1571
      flesch: 58
     summary: Book Reviews 137 ajiss34-3-final_ajiss 8/16/2017 1:01 PM Page 137 The “Introduction” acquaints the reader with al-Qadi al-Nu‘man and this work, providing a bibliography of his other books. The book starts with “The Provenance of this Book” and states that the begin- ning of all manuscripts show a short text by al-Qadi al-Nu‘man to demonstrate that it was passed down from his father and grandfather.
    keywords: book; nu‘man; sunni
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        item: #2246 of 2426
          id: ajiss-792
      author: Pervez, Saulat
       title: Making Refuge: Somali Bantu Refugees and Lewiston, Maine by Catherine Besteman Durham, (NC: Duke University Press Books, 2016. 352 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1715
      flesch: 44
     summary: This mainly white town experienced a sudden transformation when thousands of Somali refugees began to arrive in 2001 “looking for safety, a low cost of living, financial support, and a way to re-create community support structures” (p. 14). Besteman depicts Somali refugees as vocal, en- franchised, and dynamic members of the nation, instead of “guests” who should be grateful and respect existing norms.
    keywords: besteman; lewiston; refugees; somali; war
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        item: #2247 of 2426
          id: ajiss-793
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: The Muslimah Who Fell to Earth: Personal Stories by Canadian Muslim Women by Saima S. Hussain, ed. (Toronto: Mawenzi House, 2016. 181 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1570
      flesch: 59
     summary: Among these people are Re, whose disappointment with negative media coverage about her native Afghanistan has made her question Canada; Evans, who worries that the country’s diversity and toler- ance that she appreciates is being undermined by anti-Muslim bigotry; and Hashim, who wonders if her admiration of Canadian freedom is being un- dercut by Islamophobia to the point where she and her children will no longer be safe. 181 pages. Prompted by a chance encounter with a colleague who had commented that Samia Hussain was the only Muslimah she knew – in a city in which about 12% of the population is Muslim –the author reached out across Canada to as- semble an edited collection of autobiographical essays by Canadian Mus- limahs: The Muslimah Who Fell to Earth: Personal Stories by Canadian Muslim Women.
    keywords: canada; canadian; muslim; stories
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        item: #2248 of 2426
          id: ajiss-796
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2017.0
       words: 2343
      flesch: 44
     summary: He demonstrates that whereas al-Tahtawi was indeed inspired by the nationalist cult around the memory of Napoleon Bonaparte (the conquering despot he wished to see in his own patron, Muhammad Ali), he did so from his own grounding in Islamic political tradition, in particular as articulated by al-Ghazali (whose works were among the first to be published in Egypt). David Warren’s “For the Good of the Nation: The New Horizon of Expectations in Rifaʿa al-Tahtawi’s Reading of the Islamic Political Tra- dition” offers a careful reading of the works of al-Tahtawi (d. 1873).
    keywords: islamic; journal; scholarship; studies; tahtawi
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        item: #2249 of 2426
          id: ajiss-797
      author: Haase, Dwight
       title: Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal: Comments
        date: 2017.0
       words: 722
      flesch: 51
     summary: But as David Harvey notes in A Brief History of Neoliberalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), we need to think of neoliberalism not only as an ideology, but also as an agenda. Palestine-Israel and the Neoliberal Ideal: Comments Dwight Haase When I was asked to review this piece for AJISS, I was excited to see scholarly work relating the Palestinian-Israeli conflict to neoliberalism.
    keywords: conflict; neoliberalism
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        item: #2250 of 2426
          id: ajiss-799
      author: Gada, Mohd Yaseen
       title: An Analysis of Islamophobia and the Anti-Islam Discourse: Common Themes, Parallel Narratives, and legitimate Apprehensions
        date: 2017.0
       words: 5695
      flesch: 44
     summary: Such anti-Muslim actions must be challenged, for they 66 Pointing to the claim of Bernard Lewis, the neo-Orientalist denizen of the neoconservative Right and pro-Israel, Sheehi writes in a similar tone: anti-Muslims propagate the view that “violence and subjugation are inher- ent cultural characteristics of Muslims and Arabs’ worldview” (p. 73).
    keywords: american; anti; discourse; green; islam; islamophobia; kumar; lyons; muslims; sheehi; western
       cache: ajiss-799.pdf
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        item: #2251 of 2426
          id: ajiss-800
      author: Bauer, Karen
       title: The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary
        date: 2017.0
       words: 2279
      flesch: 53
     summary: See especially chapter 2 (on modern interpretations of Q. 2:282), chapter 4 (on modern interpretations of Q. 4:1), and chapter 6 (on modern interpretations of Q. 4:34). Like other modern conservative interpreters, Dakake agrees with the hierarchy between the sexes that the verse establishes in its opening (“men are qawwāmūn…”), which is in line with the precedent established in the com- mentaries that she cites (here she relies mostly on al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi, but also mentions Ibn Kathir, al-Tabrisi, al-Zamakhshari, and others).
    keywords: commentary; verse
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        item: #2252 of 2426
          id: ajiss-801
      author: Amin, Yasmin
       title: Women, Islam, and Abbasid Identity: By Nadia Maria El Cheikh (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. 176 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1653
      flesch: 44
     summary: ‘A’ishah’s controversial role – the ḥadīth al-ifk (the affair of the lie) and her involvement in the Battle of the Camel – is reformed and improved, and both Khadijah and Fatimah are ide- alized as well as compared and contrasted with pre-Islamic women. In addition, the author also notes that Islamic rules and regulations stifled many of the pre-Islamic women’s freedoms and power, thereby stressing the importance of Khadi- jah and other early Muslim women.
    keywords: abbasid; cheikh; islamic; women
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        item: #2253 of 2426
          id: ajiss-802
      author: Qureshi, Jawad Anwar
       title: The Mystics of Andalusia: Ibn Barrajan and Islamic Thought in the Twelfth Century by Yousef Casewit (Cambridge: Cambrdige University Press, 2017. 353 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1787
      flesch: 54
     summary: The Muʿtabirun were subsumed under the category of “Sufi” by ha- giographers, in particular Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili (d. 627/1231) in his highly influential Al-Tashawwuf ilā Rijāl al-Taṣawwuf. The Mystics of Andalusia: Ibn Barrajan and Islamic Thought in the Twelfth Century Yousef Casewit Cambridge: Cambrdige University Press, 2017.
    keywords: barrajan; casewit; ibn; muʿtabirun
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        item: #2254 of 2426
          id: ajiss-803
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad
       title: Controversies in Formative Shiʿi Islam: The ghulat Muslims and their Beliefs by Mushegh Asatryan (London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. 206 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1703
      flesch: 51
     summary: The primary distinction in the final chap- ters between the true rejectors and the true believers, as well as between the light that is unappreciated and the darkness, remained a binarism that did not disappear from Imami texts. The themes found in the textual cycle can be seen in existing Imami texts: the cosmogony of the archetypal friends of God and their enemies, the manifestation of the light of God and the shadows, the seven Adams and a nod to cyclical his- tory, and the spiritual entities and the lights of the throne.
    keywords: imami; shiʿi; tradition
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        item: #2255 of 2426
          id: ajiss-804
      author: Aloush, Abeer
       title: Terror in France: The Rise of Jihad in the West by Gilles Kepel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. 240 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1978
      flesch: 54
     summary: Kepel therefore calls what is happening in France today as “the fachosphere,” noting that radical ethnic identity parties are calling for all “Native Frenchmen” to stand together against “the Muslim invasion” that, according to conspiracy theorists, wants to mobilize the true children of “our ancestors the Gauls” and recent French people, such as young French Muslims, against “Zionism.” Kepel concludes that www.youtube.com fed the third generation: French-language videos posted to the site proclaimed the caliphate’s establishment in Iraq and Syria and called upon young French Muslims to join their jihad because it was their religious obligation to do so.
    keywords: france; islam; kepel; muslims; people; terrorism
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        item: #2256 of 2426
          id: ajiss-805
      author: Parray, Tauseef Ahmad
       title: Debates on Civilization in the Muslim World: Critical Perspectives on Islam and Modernity by Lutfi Sunar, ed. (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017. 434 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1489
      flesch: 32
     summary: Part 1, “Defining and Discussing Civilization,” consists of three chapters, by Anthony Pagden, Lutfi Sunar, and Mustafa Demirici, respec- tively, that review, analyze, and discuss definitions of civilization and modernity and their “Eurocentric” understandings. In the Introduction, “Debates on Civilization, Islam, and Modernity: Some Critical Perspectives on the Current Agenda” (pp. 1-25), Sunar pres- ents deep insights into the terms and issues of civilization, Islamic civiliza- tion, civilization in the Muslim world, and the future of civilization in the non-Western world, as well as contextualizes the various chapters within the broader perspective.
    keywords: civilization; muslim; world
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        item: #2257 of 2426
          id: ajiss-806
      author: Dhaouadi, Mahmoud
       title: Essential Concepts in Sociology: Anthony Giddens and Philip Sutton (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2014. 240 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1839
      flesch: 45
     summary: Such an organized profile may allow one to say that this book is not only a brief dictionary of sociological concepts, but also a thought-provoking ref- erence work that makes an important contribution to the knowledge acquisi- tion of basic constituents of sociology itself as a scientific discipline. In terms of concept relevance, recent global social changes have led more to states of uncertainty and less reliance on habitual ways of life.
    keywords: authors; book; concepts; sociology
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        item: #2258 of 2426
          id: ajiss-807
      author: Abbas, Shabbir A.
       title: A Response to Shabbir A. Abbas’ Review of The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad: By John Andrew Morrow
        date: 2017.0
       words: 505
      flesch: 58
     summary: Abbas provides relevant biographical and bibliographical information about Sayyid Hasan Shirazi, the compiler of Kalimat Allāh from which I drew the Forty Hadith and presented in Arabic along with my English trans- lation. A Response to Shabbir A. Abbas’ Review of The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad John Andrew Morrow Shabbir A. Abbas, a graduate student from Rutgers University, completed a thorough and thoughtful review of my work, The Words of God to Prophet Muhammad: Forty Sacred Sayings, in the American Journal of Islamic So- cials Sciences 34, no. 2 (spring 2017): 102-04.
    keywords: abbas; work
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        item: #2259 of 2426
          id: ajiss-808
      author: Yusuf, Imtiyaz
       title: Nationalist Ethnicities as Religious Identities: Islam, Buddhism, and Citizenship in Myanmar by Imtiyaz Yusuf
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8205
      flesch: 47
     summary: “Aung San Suu Kyi: No Ethnic Cleansing of Myanmar Muslim Minority,” BBC News, April 6, 2017, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39507350; Richard C. Paddock, “Aung San Suu Kyi Asks U.S. Not to Refer to ‘Rohingya,’” The Rohingya Muslims are of Indo-Aryan descent from the ancient Buddhist kingdom of Arakan, which had close political relations with Bengal.
    keywords: ajiss34; arakan; asia; british; buddhist; burma; burmese; citizenship; indian; islam; islamic; muslims; myanmar; new; page; press; rakhine; religion; rohingya; southeast; state
       cache: ajiss-808.pdf
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        item: #2260 of 2426
          id: ajiss-809
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Theologies and Ethics of Justice: New Directions for Islamic Thought in the 21st Century
        date: 2017.0
       words: 2181
      flesch: 34
     summary: She concluded by exploring the possibilities and limits of achieving gender justice within an Islamic framework and contended that female activists have contributed to creating religious knowledge that is bridging the gap between Islamic jurisprudence and gender justice. Said F. Hassan’s “Doctrine of al-walāʾ wa al-barāʾ: “The Formation of Paraolel Spaces of Belief and Humanity – the Normative Discourse” main- tained that al-walāʾ wa al-barāʾ (loyalty and disavowal) has become one of the main contesting concepts in modern Islamic thought and legal discourse.
    keywords: education; islamic; justice; muslim; qur’an; thought; university
       cache: ajiss-809.pdf
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        item: #2261 of 2426
          id: ajiss-810
      author: Mosher, Lucinda
       title: Sixteen Years of Appreciative Conversation: The Building Bridges Seminar in Retrospect
        date: 2017.0
       words: 2195
      flesch: 47
     summary: As of this writing, plans for a seventeenth Building Bridges Seminar are underway. Participants have re- ported that Building Bridges has changed how they teach and how they “do theology,” and also influenced their research and writing.
    keywords: bridges; building; christian; muslim; seminar; university
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        item: #2262 of 2426
          id: ajiss-811
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2018.0
       words: 524
      flesch: 31
     summary: This carefully constructed empirical study confirms the assessment long felt by American Muslim leaders and thinkers: that the healthiest and most ad- vi The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:1 justed youth are those that are stronger in their religious identity while also being well-adjusted and at home in American society. Editorial This issue of the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences features two important articles: Sarah Marusek’s ethnographic study of a grassroots Is- lamic movement in Lebanon reconfiguring (even resisting) secularism and neoliberalism, and Madiha Tahseen and Charissa S.L. Cheah’s empirical study of the formation of American Muslim adolescents.
    keywords: american; islamic
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        item: #2263 of 2426
          id: ajiss-812
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Interview with Talal Asad
        date: 2018.0
       words: 15611
      flesch: 60
     summary: Friendship, as you know very well, is a central value in Islamic tradition. You seem to have been interested in Islamic tradition increasingly since the 1980s, when you wrote Genealogies.
    keywords: american; asad; ibn; islamic; law; muslim; people; politics; reason; sharia; social; state; taymiyya; things; tradition; way
       cache: ajiss-812.pdf
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        item: #2264 of 2426
          id: ajiss-813
      author: Vaid, Mobeen
       title: Reviving the Balance: The Authority of the Qur’an and the Status of the Sunnah By Taha Jabir Alalwani (Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2017. 224 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 2719
      flesch: 42
     summary: It is here that we encounter Alalwani’s central thesis, namely, that the Qur’an as the receptacle of word and command has been subordinated to the weight of “narrative” hegemony represented by the pro- phetic Sunnah, allowing jurists to postulate any number of rulings that, at best, reflect merely circumstantial and discretionary opinion and, at worst, subversions of the divine command whilst maintaining attribution to God. Accordingly, Alalwani’s ensuing disquisition aims to correct this allegedly errant development by examining the prophetic com- munity, the relationship of the Qur’an to the prophetic practice, the rise of “narrative generations” prizing prophetic practice, and finally, the authori- tativeness of the Sunnah and its concomitant sciences (muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīth).
    keywords: alalwani; hadith; prophet; qur’an; sunnah
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        item: #2265 of 2426
          id: ajiss-814
      author: Kane, Ousmane
       title: Shari‘ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria’s Islamic Revolution By Sarah Eltantawi (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2017. 272 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1484
      flesch: 48
     summary: This move to restore Islamic penal law was well received in the predominantly Muslim states of Northern Nigeria—indeed so much so that a grassroots movement in sup- port of the full Sharia forced the governors of another eleven Muslim states of Northern Nigeria to introduce some forms of Sharia in their criminal legislation. Shari‘ah on Trial: Northern Nigeria’s Islamic Revolution is an excellent study of Northern Nigeria Sharia politics.
    keywords: islamic; law; nigeria; northern
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        item: #2266 of 2426
          id: ajiss-815
      author: Arjana, Sophia R.
       title: Brand Islam: The Marketing and Commodification of Piety By Faegheh Shirazi (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. 281 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 2345
      flesch: 49
     summary: The chapter provides a rich discussion of halal foods and the economy surrounding these products, including issues of manufacturing and trans- port. As Shirazi points out, “Fewer than fifty years ago, no one voiced particular concerns or much consideration of halal products.
    keywords: chapter; halal; islam; muslim; shirazi
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        item: #2267 of 2426
          id: ajiss-816
      author: Marthinsen, Grant
       title: Illusions of Victory: The Anbar Awakening and the Rise of the Islamic State By Carter Malkasian (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. 280 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1226
      flesch: 46
     summary: His account of the events leading up to the Awakening and the battles fought during the event itself is an honest one, unafraid to call out the failings of Iraqis or their American counterparts, including his frequent mentioning of the fact that the local populace was particularly disapproving of the latter and that this had detrimental effects on intelligence gathering efforts con- ducted by American forces. The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:1 While the work suffers a little on that front, its treatment of the tribes- men and Iraqi politicians involved in the Awakening movement, alongside American military leaders, is superb.
    keywords: anbar; awakening; malkasian
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        item: #2268 of 2426
          id: ajiss-817
      author: Vaid, Mobeen
       title: A Brief Introduction to Quranic Exegesis: By Ali Sulayman Ali (Herndon: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2017. 178 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1449
      flesch: 41
     summary: Ali Suleiman Ali’s A Brief Introduction to Quranic Exegesis provides a lucid summary of the Quranic exegetical genre, beginning with the exegetical practices of the Prophet’s Companions and concluding with modern exe- getical trends. Drawing largely from classical Sunni literature, Ali’s work is confessional but nonetheless conversant with Orientalist examinations and critical treatments of the tradition.
    keywords: ali; exegesis; tafsīr; work
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        item: #2269 of 2426
          id: ajiss-819
      author: Wani, Gowhar Quadir
       title: Reclaiming the Mosque: The Role of Women in Islam’s House of Worship By Jasser Auda (UK/USA: Claritas Books with Maqasid Institute, 2017. 135 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1290
      flesch: 47
     summary: If some scholars have opined (wrongly) in favour of prohibiting women from visiting mosques, based on the jurisprudential principle of sadd al-dharī‘a, the present circumstances demand recourse to the alternative principle of fatḥ al-dharī‘a, not only to ensure women's rights are fulfilled (to visit the mosque) but also to serve certain good purposes: remembering Allah, acquiring knowledge, meeting other women who frequent the mosques, public participation, etc. The preventing of women from visiting mosques is often grounded on a statement of ‘A’ishah which she made in a particular context observing mischief by some women.
    keywords: islamic; mosques; women
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        item: #2270 of 2426
          id: ajiss-820
      author: Hussain, Amir
       title: Muslim Americans in the Military: Centuries of Service By Edward E. Curtis IV (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2016. 102 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 778
      flesch: 69
     summary: One also wishes that the book be read widely by American Muslims. Curtis’ book helps us, as American Muslims, to learn about our own history in our country.
    keywords: american; chapter; muslims
       cache: ajiss-820.pdf
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        item: #2271 of 2426
          id: ajiss-821
      author: Green, Todd
       title: Us Versus Them: The United States, Radical Islam, and the Rise of the Green Threat By Douglas Little (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. xiii+328 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1478
      flesch: 57
     summary: The election of Barack Obama marked a new direction in US policy. The intersection of Islamophobia and US foreign policy has attracted con- siderable scholarly attention since 9/11.
    keywords: little; muslim; policy; threat
       cache: ajiss-821.pdf
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        item: #2272 of 2426
          id: ajiss-822
      author: Dakake, Maria; Lumbard, Joseph E.B.
       title: Response to Karen Bauer’s Review of The Study Quran: By Maria Dakake and Joseph E.B. Lumbard. General Editors, The Study Quran
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1874
      flesch: 49
     summary: Many later commentaries also offer large swathes of material that duplicate material in earlier commentaries. It is clearly stated in both the introduction and the section on “Under- standing the Citations in the Commentary” (lii–lv) that an effort has been made to cite commentaries that have had broad influence over time and are widely available.
    keywords: bauer; commentary
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        item: #2273 of 2426
          id: ajiss-823
      author: Şimşek, Ayşegül
       title: Citizenship and Minorities in Contemporary Islam
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1054
      flesch: 45
     summary: Dr. Fadel later classified possible forms of citizenship in the mod- ern world into three categories: Dr. Fadel made special reference to Hanafi jurist Muham- mad al-Shaybani (d. 805) describing dār al-ḥarb as an arbitrary state where the ruler did what he wanted, whether enslaving people or confiscating their property.
    keywords: citizenship; islamic
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        item: #2274 of 2426
          id: ajiss-824
      author: Rizvi, Muneeza
       title: Muslim Scholars, Islamic Studies, and the Gendered Academy
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1046
      flesch: 42
     summary: In her speech, Dr. Ali situated ongoing and gendered contesta- tions in Islamic Studies within a number of broader contexts: the history of the AAR (currently the largest American organization dedicated to the study of religion), contemporary crises in higher education, and our shift- ing national climate. While Dr. Ali briefly noted her skepticism towards the text in question, the most striking aspect of her account of this encounter was the question of citation.
    keywords: ali; islamic
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        item: #2275 of 2426
          id: ajiss-827
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1924
      flesch: 26
     summary: These range from the strategy of attributing practices seen as misogynistic or violent to culture rather than religion (with the im- portant exception of vocal native feminists who doggedly pointed to the es- sence of Islam rather than any cultural or ideological aberrations as the real foe); the 1990s increase in American feminists’ interventionist aspirations and bold anti-Islamism; and the rise in the post-9/11 decade of Western in- digenous-Muslim feminism. The larger point of Doha’s provocative study seems to be to suggest, by demonstrating the general correspondence between feminists and secular- ist pundits, whose views oscillate between anti-Islam and anti-Islamism, that although the diversity of interpretation in Islam is a veritable fact, the task of limiting and prioritizing that interpretation is the prerogative (if not responsibility) of Muslims embodying that tradition itself and its orthodox structures.
    keywords: author; doha; feminist; islam; islamic
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        item: #2276 of 2426
          id: ajiss-828
      author: Rizvi, Muneeza
       title: Everyday Sectarianism in Urban Lebanon: Infrastructures, Public Services, and Power By Joanne R. Nucho (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. 168 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1103
      flesch: 36
     summary: Overall, however, Nucho’s ethnographic study skillfully traces the construction of sects and sectarianism through complicated social networks, state institutions, and infrastructures, and successfully denaturalizes notions of “sectarian community.” In Everyday Sectarianism, anthropologist and filmmaker Joanne Nucho examines the inextricable links between sectarian belonging, Lebanon’s confessional system of governance, and neighborhood infrastructures de- veloped in the absence of the state (a refrain throughout the book is wayn al dawleh?).
    keywords: nucho; sectarianism; state
       cache: ajiss-828.pdf
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        item: #2277 of 2426
          id: ajiss-829
      author: Sabet, Amr G.E.
       title: The Great War and the Middle East: By Rob Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 354 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1558
      flesch: 54
     summary: Finally, the last four chapters cover how strategy was methodically implemented in Mesopotamia (1917-18) (chap. 9), the way the Ottoman Empire was defeated (1918, chap. 10), strategies of negotiation after the war and peacemaking (1919-23; chap. 11), and finally the making of strategy in war and peace (chap. 12). The devised mandate system for example, could very well be seen as a way (emergent strategy) of reconciling means (instrumental resources) and ends (visionary strategy), toward ‘intended consequences’ (redrawing the map of the region).
    keywords: chap; ends; strategy; war
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        item: #2278 of 2426
          id: ajiss-830
      author: Johnston, David
       title: Ijtihad and Renewal: By Said Shabbar (Herndon, VA: The International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2017. 146 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1747
      flesch: 56
     summary: For al-Banna, “the more Arabism distances itself from secularism, the closer 77Book Reviews it is to Islam” (105). In addition, Shabbar quotes al-Banna on some of the major causes for the decadence of the Islamic civilization.
    keywords: islamic; renewal; scholar; shabbar
       cache: ajiss-830.pdf
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        item: #2279 of 2426
          id: ajiss-831
      author: Haqqani, Shehnaz
       title: The Perplexity of a Muslim Woman: Over Inheritance, Marriage, and Homosexuality By Olfa Youssef (Lanham, MY: Lexington Books, 2017. 164 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1197
      flesch: 49
     summary: The translation also helps to push language boundaries in Islamic feminist scholarship by making accessible the work of Tunisian Muslim feminist Olfa Youssef to the rest of the world. The preface describes the origins of the translation project, offers an in- tellectual biography of Olfa Youssef, and discusses the reception of Youssef and her ideas across North Africa.
    keywords: marriage; qur’an; youssef
       cache: ajiss-831.pdf
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        item: #2280 of 2426
          id: ajiss-832
      author: Ali, Mohsin
       title: Indian Muslim Minorities and the 1857 Rebellion: Religion, Rebels, and Jihad By Ilyse R. Morgenstein Fuerst (London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. 228 pages.)
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1569
      flesch: 45
     summary: Therefore, Hunter selectively endorsed fatwas that stated Muslims must wage jihad or emigrate from India, and delegitimized opinions that stated Muslims could be law-abiding subjects in India (71). From this point on, jihad, interpreted by the British as a religiously-mandated war against non-Muslims, became crucial to European understandings of Islam and Muslims.
    keywords: british; fuerst; muslims
       cache: ajiss-832.pdf
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        item: #2281 of 2426
          id: ajiss-833
      author: Marthinsen, Grant
       title: ISIS: A History By Fawaz A. Gerges (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. 384 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1412
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gerges postulates that Ayman al-Zawahiri, the current leader of al-Qaeda, is biding his time until the ferocity of IS plays itself out and the group’s territory is stripped away. He writes that IS itself can and should be considered the direct progeny of al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which is clear for those who trace the organization’s lineage, and argues that the fragmentation of Iraq after the 2003 invasion allowed the group to flourish (first as AQI and then as IS).
    keywords: gerges; group
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        item: #2282 of 2426
          id: ajiss-834
      author: Marthinsen, Grant
       title: The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State By Graeme Wood (New York: Random House, 2017. 352 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1451
      flesch: 47
     summary: The Way of the Strangers: Encounters with the Islamic State is an incred- ibly well-researched work which dissects both the psychology and religious beliefs of Islamic State supporters. When the Islamic State seized the town several years ago there was exultation among its ranks regarding the coming defeat of the Crusaders at Dabiq; once the town was lost, the group reminded its soldiers—and the world—that prophecy implied that Mecca and Medina must fall to the caliphate’s forces before the battle at Dabiq, and that this had not yet occurred.
    keywords: group; islamic; state; wood
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        item: #2283 of 2426
          id: ajiss-835
      author: Ali, Abdullah Bin Hamid
       title: Muhammad’s Heirs:: The Rise of Muslim Scholarly Communities, 622-950 By Jonathan E. Brockopp (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 248 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1329
      flesch: 42
     summary: The lack of ideological coherence had very much to do with the fact that Muslim scholarly communities only crystallized after the early ninth century (21). If scholarly communities did not exist during the prophetic era, then to translate ‘ulama’ as “scholars” instead of merely “the learned” is anachro- nistic.
    keywords: brockopp; muslim; scholars
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        item: #2284 of 2426
          id: ajiss-836
      author: Sidky, Lamya
       title: Exploring the Qur’an: Context and Impact By M.A.S. Abdel Haleem (London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. 288 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 2076
      flesch: 50
     summary: Abdel Haleem rigorously approaches Qur’anic Arabic, throwing to the wayside any interpretation that, in his estimation, fails to conform to the Qur’anic context or message, honing in on an alter- nate interpretation that represents the true intent of the Qur’an. Book Reviews 96 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35:2 Abdel Haleem refutes the most pervasive arguments against the Qur’an’s apparent aggression towards people of different faiths.
    keywords: abdel; haleem; qur’an; qur’anic
       cache: ajiss-836.pdf
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        item: #2285 of 2426
          id: ajiss-837
      author: Lawrence, Bruce B.
       title: Muslim Cosmopolitanism: Southeast Asian Islam in Comparative Perspective By Khairudin Aljunied (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. 240 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1671
      flesch: 42
     summary: That these states [Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia] have yet to be- come responsible cosmopolitan states is unsurprising given that the very notion of cosmopolitanism runs contrary to what most states stand for. The author repeatedly returns to the importance of engaging, and valu- ing, non-Muslims, so much so that when in Part III he addresses the dif- ficult challenge of Islam politik (or political Islam), he follows Azyumardi in seeing it as an external challenge to the true core of tolerant or inclusive 101 Islam (90).
    keywords: cosmopolitanism; islam; muslim; nusantara; state
       cache: ajiss-837.pdf
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        item: #2286 of 2426
          id: ajiss-838
      author: Taylor, Matthew D.
       title: Why I Am a Salafi: By Michael Muhammad Knight (Berkeley, CA: Soft Skull Press, 2015. 378 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1525
      flesch: 41
     summary: And he uses Salafism, with the movement’s desire to return to authentic Islam and its focus on direct readings of the Qur’an 105 and the Hadith, as a means of decentering any assertive definition of Islam. Framed around Knight’s odys- sey within American Islam and the diffuse trends that contributed to the development of his distinct perspective, it is part religious autobiography, part analysis of the nebulous concept of Salafism, and part therapy session.
    keywords: islam; islamic; knight; salafism
       cache: ajiss-838.pdf
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        item: #2287 of 2426
          id: ajiss-839
      author: Saeidi, Shirin
       title: Driving Culture in Iran: Law and Society on the Roads of the Islamic Republic By Reza Banakar (London: I.B. Tauris, 2016. 304 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1568
      flesch: 42
     summary: Female taxi drivers also claimed that a lack of respect for others defines the culture of driving in Iran, but they do appear to be more considerate of pedestrians and other drivers than male taxi drivers. Chapter 10 maintains that the presence of female taxi drivers in the public sphere is creating the cultural change that is necessary for relational citizenry practices.
    keywords: drivers; driving; iran; taxi
       cache: ajiss-839.pdf
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        item: #2288 of 2426
          id: ajiss-840
      author: Welch, Logan
       title: Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism By Alexander Knysh (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. 392 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 599
      flesch: 54
     summary: Alexander Knysh’s Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism provides a thorough understanding of Sufism. Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of Sufism through a helpful historical per- spective.
    keywords: kynsh; sufism
       cache: ajiss-840.pdf
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        item: #2289 of 2426
          id: ajiss-841
      author: Shapley, Sarah
       title: Veiled Superheroes: Islam, Feminism, and Popular Culture By Sophia Rose Arjana (with Kim Fox) (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017. 178 pages.)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 867
      flesch: 51
     summary: Chapter 1, “Muslim Women in Popular Culture,” gives an overview of the discourse around Muslim women. The chapter explores how Oriental- ism has influenced the presentation of Muslim women, particularly noting how Muslim women lose agency in all discussions.
    keywords: arjana; muslim
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        item: #2290 of 2426
          id: ajiss-844
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2018.0
       words: 2529
      flesch: 59
     summary: In Chi- na, Uighur Muslim men are being exterminated, held in torture and brain- washing camps, while their women are forced to cohabitate with Chinese men.2 In short, Muslim scholars and academics who manage to keep their faith and their wits about must work in a world that seems to be closing in.
    keywords: faith; muslim; scholars; social; solidarity; women; world
       cache: ajiss-844.pdf
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        item: #2291 of 2426
          id: ajiss-845
      author: Khan, Fareeha
       title: In Good Company: Comments
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1776
      flesch: 53
     summary: Were it not for the fact that they had sat with the Messenger of God, they would not have at- tained their otherwise unattainable spiritual and religious rank, and they would not be seen as a necessary source of religious knowledge for all Mus- lims who came after them. Darakhshan Khan’s article is a brilliant contribution because it high- lights the concrete social reasons for how such a long-standing conception of religious attainment has subtly shifted, such that the only criteria that remains for gaining religious knowledge is one’s desire to spread it.
    keywords: jamā‘at; khan; tablīghī; women
       cache: ajiss-845.pdf
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        item: #2292 of 2426
          id: ajiss-846
      author: Sanyal, Usha
       title: In Good Company: Comments
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1389
      flesch: 47
     summary: What unites the two halves of the essay is Khan’s interest in Tablīghī women and how they fit into this broader historical context. Rather, what Khan points to, in the second half of the essay, is the increased geographical mo- bility of Tablīghī women (not necessarily of the middle class) and the cre- ation of female networks as a result of their travel.
    keywords: khan; south; tablīghī; women
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        item: #2293 of 2426
          id: ajiss-847
      author: Feldmeier, Peter
       title: Lexical Choice and Rhetorical Expression: Comments By Peter Feldmeier
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1163
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is perhaps this very attitude that gets reflected in Catholicism’s mod- ern view of Islam, which is noted in the Second Vatican Council’s (1962- 65) crucial documents on the church and on non-Christian religions: “But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place amongst whom are the Muslims: these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind’s judge on the last day” (Lumen Gentium #16); “The Church has also a high regard for Muslims. Shore notes that “the very act of translating (rather than merely destroying or ignoring) the Qur’ān implies another truth common to Jesuit culture: that Jesuits should ‘seek God our Lord in all things.’”
    keywords: god; lomellini; shore
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        item: #2294 of 2426
          id: ajiss-848
      author: Shore, Paul John
       title: Response to Professor Feldmeier: By Paul John Shore
        date: 2018.0
       words: 99
      flesch: 58
     summary: Far more Jesuits were like Lomellini and knew what they believed to be true about other faith traditions from informants or books. Jesuits such as De Nobili and Ricci were ex- ceptional and deeply engaged with the cultures with which they dialogued.
    keywords: jesuits
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        item: #2295 of 2426
          id: ajiss-849
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2020.0
       words: 5841
      flesch: 42
     summary: The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 and political change, therefore, could no longer be believed to be acts of God, and therefore embraced as a matter of faith or fate. The jurists, in other words, were also often the repositories of social knowledge, and when they needed access to expert knowledge in other, specialized domains such as medicine they could still rely on a common worldview (Galenic medi- cine had become sufficiently Islamized so as to cause no serious epistemic crisis).
    keywords: change; community; islamic; journal; jurists; knowledge; law; new; power; society; state; world
       cache: ajiss-849.pdf
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        item: #2296 of 2426
          id: ajiss-851
      author: Hamdeh, Emad 
       title: Shaykh Google as Ḥāfiẓ al-ʿAṣr: The Internet, Traditional ʿUlamā’, and Self Learning
        date: 2020.0
       words: 15089
      flesch: 51
     summary: Muṣṭafā al-Sibaaʿī, al-Sunna wa Makānatuhā fī al-Tashrīʿ al-Islāmī (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī; Cairo: Darussalam, 2006), 367. 112. Indeed, it was al-Albānī’s writings through al-Maktab al-Islāmī that attracted the at- tention of leading Salafis in Saudi Arabia such as the former mufti ʿAbd al-Azīz b. Bāz (d. 1999).
    keywords: abū; american; authority; education; internet; islam; islamic; journal; knowledge; learning; media; muslim; new; people; press; scholars; scripture; shaykh; society; student; teacher; texts; traditionalists; university; world; ʿulamāʾ; ḥadīth
       cache: ajiss-851.pdf
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        item: #2297 of 2426
          id: ajiss-852
      author: Katz, Marion Holmes 
       title: Gendered Morality: Classical Islamic Ethics of the Self, Family, and Society by Zahra Ayubi
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1719
      flesch: 35
     summary: Nevertheless, the ideal “ethical mascu- linity” constructed in these works is defined in contrast with undisciplined and violent “hegemonic masculinity,” such that “akhlāq texts provide a cor- rective discourse against unethical activities that were perceived as manly in premodern Muslim societies” (64, 65). Ayubi’s work offers a welcome corrective to the existing literature’s disproportionate fiqh-centric and Arabo-centric emphases by focusing on three influential works of pre-modern Islamic ethics, all of them written in Persian: Ghazālī’s Kīmiyā’-ī Sa‘ādat (The Alchemy of Happiness), Naṣīr 134 The American Journal of Islam and Society 37:1-2 al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s Akhlāq-i Nāṣirī (Nasirean Ethics), and Jalāl al-Dīn Davānī’s Lawāmi‘ al-Ishrāq fī Makārim al-Akhlāq (also known as Akhlāq-i Jalāli, Jalalean Ethics).
    keywords: akhlāq; ayubi; texts; works
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        item: #2298 of 2426
          id: ajiss-853
      author: Abdel Halim, Asma M. 
       title: The Codification of Islamic Criminal Law in the Sudan: Penal Codes and Supreme Court Case Law Under Numayrī and al-Bashīr by Olaf Köndgen
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1030
      flesch: 57
     summary: Köndgen appreciates other factors that impinge upon the interpreta- tion and implementation of shari‘a laws. Chapter two offers a short history of Islamic laws in the Sudan since the Sultanate of Sinnar (rn. 16th-18th century).
    keywords: court; islamic; law
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        item: #2299 of 2426
          id: ajiss-854
      author: Mohammed, Moiz 
       title: Faces of Muhammad: Western Perceptions of the Prophet of Islam from the Middle Ages to Today by John V. Tolan
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1498
      flesch: 55
     summary: John Tolan’s Faces of Muhammad takes us on a journey through European perceptions of the Prophet of Islam. The final chapter (“Prophet of an Abrahamic Faith”) highlights the theological arguments for declaring Muhammad a prophet of Christians as well, a controversial but increasingly accepted idea.
    keywords: chapter; islam; muhammad; prophet
       cache: ajiss-854.pdf
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        item: #2300 of 2426
          id: ajiss-855
      author: Rustom, Mohammed 
       title: Some Pointers and Reminders in Islamic Studies
        date: 2020.0
       words: 2527
      flesch: 78
     summary: Once the results come in, it is also good form to communicate that to them, thank- ing them for their support. But much of it is not really work—be grateful for that opportunity!
    keywords: good; profession; studies; work; writing
       cache: ajiss-855.pdf
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        item: #2301 of 2426
          id: ajiss-856
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2018.0
       words: 3008
      flesch: 55
     summary: All are refugees from East Turkestan, a nation that’s been under the occu- pation of China since 1949 and what Chinese government calls Xinjiang (meaning new territory). In a report two weeks ago, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination expressed alarm at the “numerous reports of detention of large numbers of ethnic Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities held incommunicado and often for long periods, without being charged or tried, under the pretext of countering terrorism and religious extremism.”
    keywords: camps; china; east; government; islamic; muslim; turkestan; uyghur
       cache: ajiss-856.pdf
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        item: #2302 of 2426
          id: ajiss-857
      author: Jackson, Sherman A.
       title: The Alchemy of Domination, 2.0?1 A Response to Professor Kecia Ali
        date: 2018.0
       words: 13982
      flesch: 53
     summary: For example, Ali criticizes the fact that the cover of Islam and the Blackamerican pictures a sea of Nation of Islam women decked out in formal religious garb, while the book itself does not focus on the topic of Muslim women. The very idea, in other words, that “experience” (or perspective) could some- how be ‘transcended’ or removed from interpretive processes is exactly what enables Muslim men to present their articulations as objective truth, leaving Muslim women to labor with “texts” and other synthetic “proofs,” as if these were the sole and actual basis of men’s ‘interpretations’.
    keywords: ali; authority; blackamerican; domination; experience; fact; female; gender; islam; islamic; muslim; perspective; point; professor; professor ali; scholars; tradition; wadud; women; work
       cache: ajiss-857.pdf
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        item: #2303 of 2426
          id: ajiss-859
      author: Hussain, Ashaq
       title: Muslim Intellectual Deficit: The Scriptural Foundation of Islamic Cosmology By Tauseef Ahmad Parray (Jammu & Kashmir: Idara Matbu’at-e-Talaba, 2018. 109 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1076
      flesch: 41
     summary: The main purpose for mentioning these institutions is to explore the possibility of emulating their activities elsewhere and so contributing to a full-fledged revival of Islamic knowledge. Islamic contributions to the promotion of knowledge and learning are noteworthy.
    keywords: intellectual; islamic; knowledge; muslim
       cache: ajiss-859.pdf
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        item: #2304 of 2426
          id: ajiss-860
      author: Wani, Gowhar Quadir
       title: Islam and Democracy after the Arab Spring: By John L. Esposito, Tamara Sonn, and John O. Voll (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. 320 pages.)
        date: 2019.0
       words: 1461
      flesch: 40
     summary: It also takes place on two levels: political-theoretical determina- tions of the compatibility or incompatibility between Islam and democracy, and empirical discussions over how much Muslims (or Muslim societies) have modernized or resisted modernization. The debate on Islam and democracy is one of the most heated in academia, engaging both Muslims and non-Muslims, normative and analytic ap- proaches.
    keywords: chapter; democracy; islam; military
       cache: ajiss-860.pdf
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        item: #2305 of 2426
          id: ajiss-861
      author: Karić, Enes
       title: Goethe, His Era, and Islam
        date: 2019.0
       words: 9970
      flesch: 64
     summary: She did the same with her book Goethe and the Arab World (Goethe und die arabische Welt).18 In this respect, the title Goethe und der Islam is evocative and meaningful on several levels. Herder, Plastik, in Mommsen, Goethe und der Islam, 44. 44.
    keywords: book; der; der islam; destiny; die; era; faith; german; god; goethe; ibid; islam; islamic; karić; life; mommsen; muhammad; nature; neimarlija; poet; poetry; prophet; qur’an; und; work; world
       cache: ajiss-861.pdf
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        item: #2306 of 2426
          id: ajiss-862
      author: Hussain, Altaf
       title: A Tribute to the Late Dr. Sulayman Shehu Nyang
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2353
      flesch: 64
     summary: Among the final Hussain: Tribute to Sulayman Nyang 124 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36:1 products was a volume co-edited by Dr. Nyang, Dr. Bukhari and their col- leagues, Dr. Mumtaz Ahmad and Dr. John Esposito, Muslims’ Place in the American Public Square: Hopes, Fears, and Aspirations. On November 12, 2018, Dr. Sulayman Nyang returned to his 127 Creator.
    keywords: howard; muslims; nyang; university
       cache: ajiss-862.pdf
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        item: #2307 of 2426
          id: ajiss-863
      author: Anjum, Ovamir
       title: Editorial
        date: 2019.0
       words: 3673
      flesch: 47
     summary: Truths that help us make sense of facts can withstand contradiction by some facts, but ultimately, when facts are routinely violat- ed, when lies are systematically ingrained, the myth or truth for which facts are scorned also dies. By facts, I mean knowledge that is es- tablished by human instruments, either through direct observation or through dedicated systems of knowledge, such as science, and institutional arrangements for establishing or vetting social facts, such as investigative journalism.
    keywords: facts; history; humanities; islamic; reason; social; truths; world
       cache: ajiss-863.pdf
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        item: #2308 of 2426
          id: ajiss-864
      author: Daniels, Timothy P.
       title: Guest Editorial
        date: 2019.0
       words: 2168
      flesch: 44
     summary: Many of the White workers that voted for Trump share interests with most Muslims and other members of the working and middle classes but they have become hostile to identity poli- tics. After all, right-wingers often look to former Muslims or Muslim-bashing Muslims as experts to buttress their arguments against Islam.
    keywords: islam; islamic; muslims; representations; right; social
       cache: ajiss-864.pdf
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        item: #2309 of 2426
          id: ajiss-865
      author: Hughes, Aaron W.
       title: Imagining the Arabs: Arab Identity and the Rise of Islam By Peter Webb (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. 416 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1473
      flesch: 51
     summary: He works on the hypothesis that since modern Arabs are heterogeneous and impossible to define using tidy categories, why do we continue to assume that pre-modern Arabs were any different? It was only under the early Umayyads, Webb argues, that the purity of Qur’anic ‘arabī was converted into an ethnonym to refer to a new ethnic group, al-a‘rāb, that could make sense of itself and that would help distin- guish this group from other groups in a post-conquest religious community (p. 124).
    keywords: arabs; islamic; webb
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        item: #2310 of 2426
          id: ajiss-866
      author: Abdullah, Keilani
       title: Polygyny: What It Means When African American Muslim Women Share Their Husbands By Debra Majeed (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2015. 193 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1587
      flesch: 44
     summary: Additionally, this work confronts the stereo- types and dispels the myths of Muslim women as victimized, without agency, and circumscribed by male authority. At the crux of this work is an exploration of the unique challenges and opportunities that polygyny presents for American Muslim women.
    keywords: american; muslim; polygyny; women
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        item: #2311 of 2426
          id: ajiss-867
      author: Anzalone, Christopher
       title: The Sunni Tragedy in the Middle East: Northern Lebanon from Al-Qaeda to ISIS By Bernard Rougier (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.259 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1665
      flesch: 38
     summary: Rougier argues that the contentious political disputes and competition among the country’s mainstream Sunni political figures (e.g., the al-Hariri family), as well as the impact of Syrian control of large parts of Lebanon be- tween 1976 and 2005 and ensuing power vacuum after its withdrawal, enabled the emergence of jihadi militancy. Initially Book Reviews 113 ajiss34-1_ajiss 1/23/2017 11:56 AM Page 113 al-Hariri, backed by Saudi Arabia, actively supported the anti-Asad opposition and worked to keep a channel open from Lebanon into Syria, specifically the governorate of Homs, in order to support the Syrian rebel forces located there.
    keywords: country; lebanon; rougier; sunni
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        item: #2312 of 2426
          id: ajiss-868
      author: Panjwani, Imranali
       title: Shari’a in the Modern Era: Muslim Minorities Jurisprudence By Iyad Zahalka (trans. Ohad Stadler and Cecilia Sibony) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 224 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1993
      flesch: 49
     summary: Al-Alwani opposes the claim that fiqh al-aqalliyyāt is based on needs and necessities because it is not enough to accept religious tradition at face value or to amend laws in accordance with uṣūl al-fiqh. If it is something more than just examining the needs and necessities of individuals, then fiqh al-aqalliyyāt becomes a very different jurisprudential system altogether.
    keywords: fiqh; law; muslim; shari’a
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        item: #2313 of 2426
          id: ajiss-869
      author: Afridi, Mehnaz M.
       title: Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning: Encountering Our Legal Other By Anver M. Emon, ed. (London: Oneworld, 2016. 273 pages.)
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1354
      flesch: 46
     summary: Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning opens up deeply complex and glar- ing issues of interpretation, authority of interpretation, and the historical con- ditions of reading sacred text, especially for religious law. In the final chapter, “The Social Life of Reason” by Robert Gibbs, the reader is left with some good questions and open-ended ways to read one another’s texts in today’s challenge of religious law and secularism.
    keywords: book; chapter; law
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        item: #2314 of 2426
          id: ajiss-870
      author: Karić, Enes
       title: The (Un)Substantiated in Dan Diner’s Interpretations of the Islamic World’s “Backwardness”
        date: 2017.0
       words: 10744
      flesch: 56
     summary: This re- port, or rather its data, as well as the data from the 2003 Arab Human Development Report, directly and initially served as the basis from which Diner deduced almost all of his conclusions on the “reactionism of the Arab and Muslim world,” on its incomprehensible and “stubborn” abidance by the “sacred” in the time of science, advancement, progress, and secularism. Dan Diner, Lost in the Sacred: Why the Muslim World Stood Still (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009). 4.
    keywords: ajiss34; alphabet; arab; arabic; book; countries; dan; der; diner; europe; history; ibid; islam; islamic; modernity; muslim; page; qur’an; sacred; time; und; university; west; world
       cache: ajiss-870.pdf
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        item: #2315 of 2426
          id: ajiss-871
      author: Adeel, M. Ashraf
       title: Islamic Ethics in Dialogue with Socrates, Jesus, and Confucius
        date: 2017.0
       words: 6698
      flesch: 62
     summary: The goal is to substantiate the argument that Islamic personal ethics is similar, in fundamental respects, to Socratic and Christian personal ethics. However, turning now to our seventh point, the Qur’an’s preferred route at the level of personal ethics seems to be that of forgiveness and non-retali- ation.
    keywords: ethics; evil; level; order; qur’an; right; socrates; wrong
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        item: #2316 of 2426
          id: ajiss-872
      author: Wright, Brian
       title: Confronting Challenges in Islamic Studies
        date: 2017.0
       words: 928
      flesch: 56
     summary: Audience members seemed to be primarily con- cerned with the idea that if such neutral tools are no longer viable, then where in Islamic studies should we ground our work? Delivered by Ahmad Atef Ahmad (Uni- versity of California Santa Barbara), the lecture focused on the changing ac- ademic field of Islamic studies: where the field has been, where it is now, and where it should go in the future.
    keywords: islamic; studies
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        item: #2317 of 2426
          id: ajiss-874
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: IIIT-FCNA Fiqh Forum on Adoption and Orphan Care
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1968
      flesch: 48
     summary: They discussed whether caring for such children was obligatory, recommended, or optional; Conference, Symposium, and Panel Reports 113 the caretaker’s motive and/or intention and if witnesses are required to verify it; who is granted final responsibility; if the child can be moved to another lo- cation or enslaved; and so on. Also stated was that idea that the community is obliged to care for such children, because adoption is “halal, but with condi- tions”; that preserving their religion is more important than preserving their lineage; and that institutes need to be set up to resolve all such issues.
    keywords: adoption; care; children; community; fcna; orphans
       cache: ajiss-874.pdf
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        item: #2318 of 2426
          id: ajiss-875
      author: Elaradi, Hadeel
       title: IIIT Intellectual Panels
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1682
      flesch: 45
     summary: Abubaker Al-Shingieti (executive director, IIIT) introduced IIIT’s mis- sion and commitment to creating programs that encourage professional de- velopment for both imams and Muslim community leaders and noted several other responsibilities of a community leader, including “the legal contexts, the political environment, social-cultural factors and variables, these are im- portant elements that in many ways influence, if not determine, the educa- tional needs for our imams and community leaders, in the American context.” Zahid Bukhari (former national president, ICNA; director, American Muslim Studies Program; fellow, Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University) spoke about the pressures of keeping up with other religious leadership systems, looking at the mosque’s overall management and the types of imams required, and training imams and community leaders to communicate competently on generational, gender, ethnic, and all other is- sues.
    keywords: children; community; iiit; islamic; muslim
       cache: ajiss-875.pdf
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        item: #2319 of 2426
          id: ajiss-880
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Muslim Scholars’ Take on the Negative Consequences of “Terrorism”
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2678
      flesch: 58
     summary: In his exploration of this topic, Paya argues that many fuqahā’ and other scholars have not fully appreciated why Muslim scholars like al-Farabi and al-Ghazzali classified fiqh within the category of “applied sciences.” In spite of the Prophet’s categorical explana- tion above, one version in al-Bukhari includes a comment by Mujahid, a Fol- lower scholar who might have been unaware of the version that contains the Prophet’s explanation, suggesting that there may be an exception for a perpe- trator who “regretted” (illā man nadim) his actions.
    keywords: extremists; islamic; killing; muslim; people; terrorism
       cache: ajiss-880.pdf
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        item: #2320 of 2426
          id: ajiss-883
      author: Stewart, Devin
       title: God Is Beautiful: The Aesthetic Experience of the Qur’an By Navid Kermani, Trans. Tony Crawford (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2015. 400 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1710
      flesch: 47
     summary: God Is Beautiful: The Aesthetic Experience of the Qur’an Navid Kermani, Trans. Four printings since then attest to its popularity, which stems from its handling of a fascinating topic – Muslims’ experience of the Qur’an.
    keywords: kermani; qur’an; text
       cache: ajiss-883.pdf
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        item: #2321 of 2426
          id: ajiss-884
      author: Sleiman, Zeina
       title: Islam through Western Eyes: From the Crusades to the War on Terrorism By Jonathan Lyons (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. 272 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1181
      flesch: 51
     summary: And to presume that both Christianity and the West have created anti-Islam sentiments only misrepresents the current problem. Jonathan Lyons’ Islam through Western Eyes takes a critical and historical ap- proach to understanding the anti-Islam discourses that continue to emerge across North America and Europe.
    keywords: islam; muslims
       cache: ajiss-884.pdf
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        item: #2322 of 2426
          id: ajiss-885
      author: Newlon, Brendan
       title: Muslims in the Western Imagination: By Sophia Rose Arjana (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. 261 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1640
      flesch: 41
     summary: The fright- ening result of Muslims being so closely linked with fantasy monsters has been the perpetration of indiscriminate violence against real Muslim bodies paral- leling the violence against zombies or other monsters in horror films. In chapter 5, “Muslim Monsters in the Americas,” she charts the devel- opment of medieval representations of Muslim monsters in the context of New World exploration.
    keywords: arjana; chapter; monsters; muslims
       cache: ajiss-885.pdf
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        item: #2323 of 2426
          id: ajiss-886
      author: Bullock, Kathy
       title: Face Politics: By Jenny Edkins (New York: Routledge, 2015. 230 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1639
      flesch: 54
     summary: Her interest in the New York posters spun off into an inquiry about missing persons more generally, and the current book grew out of a shift from an interest in images of the face to a “more substantive exploration of face politics” (p. xv). Chapter 2, “Moving Faces,” takes us into neuroscience, including what happens to people who have paralyzed faces that cannot show emotion (Mӧbius Syndrome), exploring scientific evidence as to whether or not we can read emotion from facial expression, the science around people’s ability to mirror facial emotional expressions, and artistic work exploring a connection between humans and inanimate objects.
    keywords: book; face; politics
       cache: ajiss-886.pdf
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        item: #2324 of 2426
          id: ajiss-887
      author: Masterton, Rebecca
       title: Medina in Birmingham; Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam By Innes Bowen (London: C. Hurst & Co., 2014. 230 pages)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1918
      flesch: 51
     summary: 230 pages Medina in Birmingham; Najaf in Brent: Inside British Islam by Innes Bowen seeks to explain to a mainly non-Muslim readership the complexities and nu- ances of different Muslim groups that have come to live in Britain since the 1950s. It in- cludes, as some criteria of whether Muslims are “moderate” or not and can therefore be trusted or not, the issue of loyalty to the monarchy (Does that also make non-Muslim anti-monarchist Britons suspect?); the degree of secularism and support for secular society (What about all the British Christians who feel that they are under attack from hard-line secularists?), and whether there is the 110 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:1 ajiss33-1_ajiss 12/30/2015 12:59 PM
    keywords: book; bowen; britain; british; muslim
       cache: ajiss-887.pdf
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        item: #2325 of 2426
          id: ajiss-889
      author: Zayd, Abu 
       title: Islam in Pakistan: A History by Muhammad Qasim Zaman
        date: 2020.0
       words: 3828
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the end, for him, Islamic groups fall under three broad umbrellas: traditionalist (those who appeal to the authority of past tradition, in however broad a sense), modernist (those who oppose formal religious authority and ad- vocate applying the spirit of the Qurʾān and Sunnah to the challenges of modern life in a more adaptable way), and Islamist (those who advocate affirming God’s sovereignty in all areas of life with an emphasis on the po- litical arena). The institutional and so- cio-political prominence of the ʿulamāʾ is also a constant—as opposed to how they fared in other Muslim states—as is the persistent failure of the government to significantly regulate Islam.
    keywords: god; islam; islamic; muslim; pakistan; sovereignty; state; zaman
       cache: ajiss-889.pdf
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        item: #2326 of 2426
          id: ajiss-890
      author: Dar, Showkat Ahmad
       title: Imagining Muslims in South Asia and the Diaspora: Secularism, Religion, Representations By Claire Chambers and Caroline Herbert, eds. (London and New York: Routledge, 2015. 239 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1336
      flesch: 42
     summary: Page 115 A. Meghani discusses contemporary British and North American discourses on diasporic South Asian Muslims and same-sex desire and identity in her “Queer South Asian Muslims.” But it does have its limitations, such as imagining Muslim representation in isolation and not interacting with the Islamic text in any really meaningful way.
    keywords: book; islamic; muslim; representations; south
       cache: ajiss-890.pdf
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        item: #2327 of 2426
          id: ajiss-891
      author: Elahi, Babak
       title: The Lonely War: One Woman’s Account of the Struggle for Modern Iran By Nazila Fathi (New York: Basic Books, 2014. hbk. 297 pp.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1639
      flesch: 54
     summary: Fathi’s work will also appeal to Iranians in the diaspora, others in- terested in the Shi‘ah polity’s internal problems, and those concerned with ques- tions of social class in addition to gender in the Islamic Republic. They argue that much of the conflict is economic, that religious questions are manifesta- tions of class conflict, and that class conflict is often couched in religious ide- ology and narrative.
    keywords: class; fathi; iran; islamic
       cache: ajiss-891.pdf
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        item: #2328 of 2426
          id: ajiss-892
      author: Arjana, Sophia Rose
       title: The Study of Shi’i Islam: History, Theology, and Law By Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda, eds. (New York: I.B. Tauris, 2014. 616 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2136
      flesch: 52
     summary: The Study of Shi’i Islam: History, Theology, and Law Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda, eds. Shi’i Islam is a broad subject encompassing history, theology, ritual, cul- ture, and other topics.
    keywords: islam; section; shi’i; shi’ism; theology
       cache: ajiss-892.pdf
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        item: #2329 of 2426
          id: ajiss-893
      author: Haqqani, Shehnaz
       title: Men in Charge? Rethinking Authority in Muslim Legal Tradition: By Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Mulki Al-Sharmani, and Jana Rumminger, eds. (London: Oneworld Publications, 2014. 286 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1884
      flesch: 42
     summary: Ex- ploring issues of maintenance, obedience, divorce, and male guardianship over children, she also examines the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women’s (CEDAW) reports on women in the Arab world. Her proposed tawhidic paradigm replaces the existing vertical hierarchy of God above man and man above woman with God above both men and women.
    keywords: gender; islamic; muslim; qiwāmah; women
       cache: ajiss-893.pdf
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        item: #2330 of 2426
          id: ajiss-894
      author: Sabet, Amr
       title: Prophet Muhammad: The Sultan of Hearts By Resit Haylamaz and Fatih Harpci Clifton, (NJ: Tughra Books, 2014. vol. 1: 531 pages; vol. 2: 490 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1795
      flesch: 68
     summary: Even be- fore the Prophet’s time had come, the harbingers of his arrival were anchored in place when Muhammad earned the title of “the Trustworthy” (al-Amīn) not for his power or wealth, but because of his stature and respect (p. 75). Prophet Muhammad: The Sultan of Hearts Resit Haylamaz and Fatih Harpci Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books, 2014.
    keywords: abu; life; muhammad; prophet
       cache: ajiss-894.pdf
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        item: #2331 of 2426
          id: ajiss-895
      author: Mavani, Hamid
       title: Sunni-Shi’i Rapprochement: Internal Contradictions
        date: 2016.0
       words: 6438
      flesch: 49
     summary: Zayn al-‘Abidin (Ali b. al-Husayn), Sahīfa-ye Sajjādiyyah (The Psalms of Islam), trans. Muhammad b. Abd al-Karim al-Shahrastani, Kitāb al-Milal wa al-Nihal, tr. A. K. Kazi and J. G. Flynn (London: Kegan Paul International, 1984), 19.
    keywords: ajiss33; ali; islamic; muhammad; muslim; november; october; page; prophet; rapprochement; saudi; shi’i; social; sunni; umar
       cache: ajiss-895.pdf
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        item: #2332 of 2426
          id: ajiss-896
      author: Siwaju, Fatima
       title: Opportunities and Challenges of Teaching Islamic Studies in Theological Seminaries
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1232
      flesch: 34
     summary: He also identified how the religious positionality of the professor of Islamic studies could affect classroom dynamics. Lamptey pointed out that Islamic studies is a discipline of its own, with its distinctive terminology, methodology, and protocol.
    keywords: islamic; studies; theological
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        item: #2333 of 2426
          id: ajiss-897
      author: Khalil, Nancy A.
       title: Reflections on Political Islam: Concepts and Contexts
        date: 2016.0
       words: 842
      flesch: 40
     summary: An intellectual giant in his own right, Esposito presented a historical analysis of the rise of political Islam movements during the latter half of the twentieth century through his individual interactions, appointments, and pres- ence in spaces of influence at critical times. Referring to challenges like ISIS and youth radicalization, Esposito stated that “unless you understand the context within which political Islam arose...: who were the players, what were the issues for these movements, and also what their interactions were with government, you can’t understand why we continue to screw up today.”
    keywords: esposito; iiit; islam
       cache: ajiss-897.pdf
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        item: #2334 of 2426
          id: ajiss-898
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islam in Africa, Islam in Globalization
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1569
      flesch: 42
     summary: Professor Ali Mazrui will be remembered for epito- mizing the completeness and perfection of this golden triangle Ahmed Salem (Zayed University, UAE), “Mazrui’s Islamic Scholarship: Expanding Horizons, Meeting Challenges,” spoke on how Mazrui moved from political science to cultural studies, and from African studies to global studies.
    keywords: africa; islam; islamic; mazrui; university
       cache: ajiss-898.pdf
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        item: #2335 of 2426
          id: ajiss-899
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Architecture, Culture, Spirituality 7: Nature and the Ordinary
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1606
      flesch: 43
     summary: On the last morning, “Environment and Spirituality as Reflected in the Written Word,” Ben Jacks (Miami University, Oxford, OH) explored “Sacred and Real: Instrumental and Transcendent Writing about Architecture and the Built Environment”; Tom Barrie (North Carolina State University) spoke on “Modernism and the Domestic”; and Clive Knights (Portland State Uni- versity) presented “The Crisis of Expectations: Recovering the Figurative in Architecture.” ACS 7 closed with the annual membership meeting, during which plans for future symposia and the development of ACS discussed. In the following ses- sion, The Spirituality of Landscape viewed through the Lens of Art, Rebecca Krinke (University of Minnesota) presented “The Lightning Field”; Dennis Alan Winters (Tales of the Earth: Landscape Architects, Toronto) analyzed “Georgia O’Keefe and Spirituality of the Sexually Charged Landscape”; and Katherine Bambrick Ambroziak (University of Tennessee) discussed “Envi- ronments of the Found Object: Revealing Value through a Process of Seeking and Making.”
    keywords: architecture; nature; sacred; spirituality; symposium; university
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        item: #2336 of 2426
          id: ajiss-901
      author: Khan, Sameen Ahmed
       title: The International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1398
      flesch: 44
     summary: In the context of optics, the encyclopedic works of Ibn al-Haytham and his teacher Ibn Sahl (940-1000) deserve special mention. Ibn al-Haytham became a central figure in the documents submitted to UNESCO’a board and eventually the UN.
    keywords: ibn; international; light; science
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        item: #2337 of 2426
          id: ajiss-904
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Reinstating the Queens: Reassessing the Hadith on Women’s Political Leadership
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2650
      flesch: 63
     summary: In his Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭānīyah wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīnīyah, al-Mawardi (d. 1058) discusses the imamate in the sense of the caliphate (khilāfah: Islamic leadership) and lists its conditions.2 Rather surprisingly, gender is not one of them. Jamal al-Banna, Al-Mar’at al-Muslimah bayna Taḥrīr al-Qur’ān wa Taqyīd al- Fuqahā’ (Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Islamii, 1998), 81. 15.
    keywords: abu; bakra; hadith; ibn; scholars; women
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        item: #2338 of 2426
          id: ajiss-905
      author: Family, IIIT
       title: In Celebration of the Life of Shaykh Taha Jabir al-‘Alwani: May 12, 1935 – March 4, 2016
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2050
      flesch: 56
     summary: Shaykh Taha spent his life serving humanity and the truth, working tirelessly not only to elucidate the principles and method- ology of Islamic jurisprudence, but also to remove many of the myths and prejudices that had, over time, become entwined with Muslim cultural traditions and gained a strong foothold in the Mus- lim mind. Shaykh Taha always took account of Islam as it is being prac- tised in the modern world.
    keywords: islamic; muslim; people; shaykh; taha
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        item: #2339 of 2426
          id: ajiss-906
      author: Douai, Aziz
       title: Beyond the “Conflict” Paradigm: Western-Muslim Interactions and Intersections
        date: 2016.0
       words: 4953
      flesch: 34
     summary: For Karim, these initiatives are inclusive because they negotiate the local and the global, thereby benefiting Muslim communities living in the West 92 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:2 ajiss33-2-latest_ajiss 4/25/2016 9:43 AM Page 92 while being “consonant with Islamic principles that promote the betterment of the condition of all humanity” (p. 106). Eid argues that these caricatures of Muslim interlopers, outsiders, and deviants are rooted in the media’s binary (mis)perception of Muslim communities as “homo- genous” and “fanatical.”
    keywords: chapter; clash; communities; interactions; islam; islamic; karim; media; muslim; practices; west
       cache: ajiss-906.pdf
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        item: #2340 of 2426
          id: ajiss-907
      author: Karim, Karim H.
       title: Shia Ismaili Leadership: Past and Present
        date: 2016.0
       words: 4957
      flesch: 47
     summary: The current Ismaili Imam, Aga Khan IV, visited Badakhshan in 1995 and counseled his followers to work toward re-establishing peaceful relations in the country. All three authors, in their respective ways, have made a contribution to the study of the past and current Shia Ismaili leadership.
    keywords: aga; authority; imam; institutions; ismaili; khan; leadership; poor; shia
       cache: ajiss-907.pdf
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        item: #2341 of 2426
          id: ajiss-909
      author: Bruckmayr, Philipp
       title: From Anatolia to Aceh: Ottomans, Turks, and Southeast Asia By A. C. S. Peacock & Annabel Teh Gallop, eds. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 348 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2104
      flesch: 30
     summary: Subsequently Jeyamalar Kathirithamby-Wells presents the local Hadhramis as both mediators of Ottoman influence in Southeast Asia and bidders for Ottoman patronage. Regional calls for Ottoman aid against the expanding European powers by Muslim rulers were voiced in the nineteenth century.
    keywords: asia; century; islamic; malay; ottoman; southeast
       cache: ajiss-909.pdf
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        item: #2342 of 2426
          id: ajiss-910
      author: Forte, Alaya
       title: Pious Practice and Secular Constraints: Women in the Islamic Revival in Europe By Jeanette S. Jouili (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015. 296 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1566
      flesch: 33
     summary: Chapters 5 and 6 return to an analysis of education and the visibility of Islamic practices, such as ṣalāt and wearing the hijab, in light of the discussion on gender and ethics. The book’s opening question, “How can we reconcile Islamic practice and worship with an active life in a secular society?” discussed by participants in a morals class in one of the Is- lamic centers in the Parisian banlieu of St. Denis, is the basic dilemma Jouili is attempting to answer.
    keywords: islamic; jouili; muslimahs; practices
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        item: #2343 of 2426
          id: ajiss-911
      author: Afridi, Mehnaz M.
       title: Shared Stories, Rival Tellings: Early Encounters of Jews, Christians, and Muslims By Robert C. Gregg (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 713 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1624
      flesch: 51
     summary: The comparisons and stories of these faiths raise questions of intertextuality of sacred texts due to the contact and exchange that all three faiths had stem- ming from the same geographic areas and sharing traditions from prayers to circumcision. “What are the differences and similarities between the early encounter and pivotal stories of the Abrahamic faiths?” is the main question underlying this engaging academic book.
    keywords: book; gregg; sarah; stories
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        item: #2344 of 2426
          id: ajiss-912
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: The Cosmic Script: Sacred Geometry and the Science of Arabic Penmanship By Ahmed Moustafa and Stefan Sperl (London: Thames and Hudson, 2014. 692 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2074
      flesch: 51
     summary: The chapter concludes by analyzing each scholar’s dimensions of the letter ālif in order to reconstruct Ibn Muqla’s. Chapter 3, “Classical Sources on the Geometry of Letters,” reviews the specific classical Arabic sources on penmanship (from the 4th/10th to 10th/ 16th centuries), beginning with Ibn Muqla’s brief treatise and followed by the Brethren of Purity, Ibn Shith al-Qurashi, al-Rawandi, al-Sinjari, al-Ziftawi, al-Athari, al-Qalqashandi, Ibn al-Sa’igh, al-Tayyibi, al-Hiti, al-Saydawi, and Siraj al-Shirazi.
    keywords: chapter; ibn; penmanship; script
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        item: #2345 of 2426
          id: ajiss-913
      author: Graham, William A.
       title: Books and Written Culture of the Islamic World: Studies Presented to Claude Gilliot on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday By Andrew Rippin and Roberto Tottoli, eds. (Leiden: Brill, 2015. 398 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1651
      flesch: 42
     summary: Walid Saleh presents a brief but ramifying discussion of a gloss by Ibn al-Munayyir (d. 1284) on Za- makhshari’s Kashshāf as studied by the contemporary Saudi scholar al- Ghamidi. The “Genres” section closes with Denis Gril’s treatment of Ibn Abi l-Isba’ al-Misri’s (d. 1256) treatise on the “openings,” or first parts, of the Qur’anic sūrahs (al-fawātiḥ).
    keywords: god; qur’an; studies; word
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        item: #2346 of 2426
          id: ajiss-914
      author: Takim, Liyakat
       title: Western Studies of Shi‘i Islam
        date: 2016.0
       words: 5139
      flesch: 57
     summary: Of particular note are Dabashi’s The Spirituality of Shi‘i Islam and William Chittick’s The Psalms of Islam, a translation of the Fourth Imam’s supplications. Other works in this genre are Kohlberg’s Shi‘ism and Farhad Daftary and Gurdofarid Miskinzoda’s co-edited The Study of Shi‘i Islam (2014).
    keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; authority; islam; islamic; page; prophet; scholars; shi‘i; shi‘ism; studies; takim; works
       cache: ajiss-914.pdf
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        item: #2347 of 2426
          id: ajiss-915
      author: Poljarevic, Emin
       title: Les Salafistes and a French Reproduction of Certainties in a World of Uncertainties
        date: 2016.0
       words: 4822
      flesch: 41
     summary: For example, the now well-established tripartite division of Salafi groups into pietists, political activists, and jihadis contradicts the documentary’s all-inclusive and definitive title.14 The component that these groups share is not just the name, for all of them have the same ambition: to purify their fellow Muslims’ beliefs and practices from what they consider to be “heresies.” In the MENA region’s increasingly fragmented Islamicate societies, the matter is complicated further when many regimes vehemently oppose the mo- bilization of Salafi groups or, for that matter, that of any civil society group be- yond its control.
    keywords: 4/25/2016; ajiss33; documentary; film; groups; islamic; jihadi; les; mali; page; salafistes; social; university; violence
       cache: ajiss-915.pdf
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        item: #2348 of 2426
          id: ajiss-916
      author: Pervez, Saulat
       title: Reform of Education in Muslim Societies
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2020
      flesch: 37
     summary: Murteza Bedir (dean, Faculty of Theology, Istanbul University) moderated. Recep Kaymakcan (professor of religious education, Sakarya University), Ismail Demirezen (member, Faculty of Theology, Istanbul University), and Alpaslan Durmus (PhD student, Marmara University) commented.
    keywords: education; iiit; islamic; istanbul; knowledge; studies; university
       cache: ajiss-916.pdf
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        item: #2349 of 2426
          id: ajiss-917
      author: Sheikh, Naveed S.
       title: Mazrui: Man, Mission, Movement
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2872
      flesch: 39
     summary: His father, the shaykh or mwalimu al-Amin bin Ali Mazrui (1891-1947) had, of course, initially hoped that his son would be able to add the honorific al-Azhari to his name, but the educational path of this scion of the Mazrui family took him to western seats of learning instead. To be certain, though, Mazrui was not fazed by such criticism or challenge; instead, it would appear that he rather thrived on controversy, relishing each emergent opportunity to provide correctives to the re- ceived wisdom.
    keywords: africa; islam; islamic; mazrui; politics; religion; sciences; values
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        item: #2350 of 2426
          id: ajiss-918
      author: Rasool, Ebrahim
       title: Ali Mazrui: Beacon at the Intersection of Islam and Africa
        date: 2016.0
       words: 4320
      flesch: 51
     summary: The philosopher Rasool: Ali Mazrui: Beacon at the Intersection of Islam and Africa 3 of Reverence for Life (Albert Schweizter, 1875-1965) was receiving a prize named after the inventor of Dynamite (Alfred Bernhard Nobel, 1873-1916)!”6 Lessons from South Africa I encountered Ali Mazrui for the first time in 1990. 7. Ali Mazrui, “Africa’s Pro-Democracy Movement: Indigenous, Islamic and Christian Tendencies,” keynote address delivered at the 6th Annual Desmond Tutu Peace Lecture, National Interfaith Conference on Religion and State Re- lations, Johannesburg, South Africa. 8.
    keywords: africa; ali; islam; islamic; justice; mazrui; muslim; post; south; world
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        item: #2351 of 2426
          id: ajiss-919
      author: Sonn, Tamara
       title: Mumtaz Ahmad: Model Scholar, Educator, and Public Intellectual
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1191
      flesch: 51
     summary: With keen insight into the challenges facing Muslims in the twenty-first century, Ahmad brought scholars and students from Pakistan and around the world to the institute and en- 96 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:3 couraged lively and productive interdisciplinary discussions ranging from critical thought, human rights, and the rule of law, to pluralism, diversity, and democracy. Obituary Mumtaz Ahmad: Model Scholar, Educator, and Public Intellectual Wise, kind, humorous, humble, profoundly honorable and dignified – these are just some of the words that describe our beloved Mumtaz Ahmad, whose passing we mourn.
    keywords: ahmad; islamic; studies; university
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        item: #2352 of 2426
          id: ajiss-92
      author: Bullock, Katherine; Al Shami, Dr Abdulla
       title: Islamic Perspectives on Basic Income
        date: 2019.0
       words: 10395
      flesch: 60
     summary: ‘Ali al-Shirazi, al-Muhadhdhab fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī (Beirut, 2005), 1:238. 46. As the renowned jurist al-Ghazali (d. 505 /1111) stated: It is incumbent on the ruler to help the people when they are facing scar- city, starvation and suffering, especially during a famine or when prices are high, and people fail to earn a living in these circumstances and it becomes difficult for them to make both ends meet.
    keywords: god; income; islamic; justice; life; muslim; needs; people; poverty; qur’an; social; society; state; wealth; work; zakāt
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        item: #2353 of 2426
          id: ajiss-920
      author: Madaninejad, Banafsheh
       title: Religious Secularity: A Theological Challenge to the Islamic State By Naser Ghobadzadeh (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. 267 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1200
      flesch: 40
     summary: In Iran, rather than launching overt attacks against the theocratic state, this discourse of religious secularity has created a more “gentle, implicit and sectarian manner in challenging the Islamic state.” By presenting the works of Iranian Muslim reformers – believing reformers who span a range between Islamist and secular – the author’s very useful concept of religious secularity pinpoints a new political category in the Muslim world, a tendency that is at once re- ligious and secular.
    keywords: secular; secularity; state
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        item: #2354 of 2426
          id: ajiss-921
      author: Morrow, John Andrew
       title: Reimagining Malcolm X: Street Thinker Versus Homo Academicus By Seyed Javad Miri (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2016. 84 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2018
      flesch: 54
     summary: However, there are plenty of other figures who come closer to Malcolm, such as Nelson Mandela (d. 2013), Steven Biko (d. 1977), Patrice Lumumba (d. 1961), and even Martin Luther King, Jr. (d. 1968), par- ticularly during his final days when he reassessed some of his views and strate- gies and started to move closer to Malcolm X in many ways. In his epilogue, Miri concludes that “Malcolm X qualifies as a highly acclaimed social theorist” (p. 80), an obvious observation made by anyone who has read The Autobiography of Malcolm X, a 1965 collaboration be- tween jouralist Alex Haley and Malcolm X, or his speeches.
    keywords: field; malcolm; muslims
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        item: #2355 of 2426
          id: ajiss-922
      author: Fani, Aria
       title: Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary By Rajeev Kinra (Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. 371 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1904
      flesch: 46
     summary: Writing Self, Writing Empire: Chandar Bhan Brahman and the Cultural World of the Indo-Persian State Secretary Rajeev Kinra Oakland: University of California Press, 2015. 371 pages. Throughout his career, Chandar Bhan formed relationships with Mughal officials and other munshis.
    keywords: bhan; chandar; kinra; mughal; persian
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        item: #2356 of 2426
          id: ajiss-923
      author: Stefanidis, Emmanuelle
       title: Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts: Essays in Honor of Professor Patricia Crone By Behnam Sadeghi, Asad Q. Ahmed, Adam Silverstein, and Robert Hoyland, eds. (Leiden: Brill, 2015. 631 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1985
      flesch: 44
     summary: C. Melchert suggests, against Crone, the centrality of Kufa and Basra in early Islamic legal controversies, as reflected in Ibn Abi Shayba’s Muṣannaf. Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts: Essays in Honor of Professor Patricia Crone Behnam Sadeghi, Asad Q. Ahmed, Adam Silverstein, and Robert Hoyland, eds.
    keywords: cambridge; christian; crone; field; islamic
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        item: #2357 of 2426
          id: ajiss-924
      author: Elahi, Babak
       title: Mirrors of Entrapment and Emancipation: Forough Farrokhzad and Sylvia Plath By Leila Rahimi Bahmany (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2015)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1809
      flesch: 48
     summary: Mirrors of Entrapment and Emancipation: Forough Farrokhzad and Sylvia Plath Leila Rahimi Bahmany Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2015 In 1992, Farzaneh Milani’s groundbreaking Veils and Words brought into di- alogue the fields of Iranian studies and feminist critical theory – two areas of humanist inquiry that, in some sense, need each other. Of particular interest is the argument that Bahmany traces throughout feminist psychoanalytic theory: Kristeva’s notion of the “subject in process,” which compellingly combines the meaning of being on trial (processed, as if through the mechanisms of discipline and punishment) with that of becoming.
    keywords: bahmany; farrokhzad; feminist; mirror
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        item: #2358 of 2426
          id: ajiss-925
      author: Davari, Negar
       title: Persophilia: Persian Culture on the Global Scene By Hamid Dabashi (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2015. 285 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1839
      flesch: 42
     summary: It provides thoughtful commentary on the roots of western Persophilia, its outcome for the West and the Per- sianaite world, and the overall picture of Persophilic knowledge production and transfer. Chapter 1 focuses on the Europeans’ discovery of ancient Persia as an origin of western Persophilia and provides evidence supporting the great im- pact that Cyrus (d. 531 BC), through Xenophon’s (d. 354 BC) Cyropedia, has had on many scholars, specifically on the authors of America’s constitution; an influence that he believed was provided via the formation of transnational spheres through which the discourse on Cyrus circulated throughout the world.
    keywords: chapter; dabashi; persophilia; west
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        item: #2359 of 2426
          id: ajiss-926
      author: Ebrahimian, Mojtaba
       title: After the American Century: The Ends of U.S. Culture in the Middle East By Brian T. Edwards (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. 288 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1643
      flesch: 37
     summary: Edwards maintains that for decades American cultural forms have been promoted around the world in connection with the “cherished American cultural values of freedom, choice, and independence.” Book Reviews 123 First, “The U.S. Department of State has invested time and funding in prop- agating the circulation of American culture.”
    keywords: american; circulation; edwards; studies
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        item: #2360 of 2426
          id: ajiss-927
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: The Muslim Question in Canada: A Story of Segmented Integration By Abdolmohammad Kazemipur (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2014. 209 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1871
      flesch: 47
     summary: In fact, many Muslims were actually thinking of leaving Canada if he were re-elected. Concluding that the main issue of attachment is connected to employment and that the underlying reasons for that lie in the social realm, he proposes increased contact between Muslims and non-Muslims through non-segregated neighborhoods, as well as at schools and universities, and a more diverse interaction between “host” families and newly arrived immi- grants (pp. 181-84).
    keywords: canada; kazemipur; muslims
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        item: #2361 of 2426
          id: ajiss-928
      author: Khimjee, Husein
       title: Shi‘i Islam: An Introduction By Najam Haider (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 243 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1423
      flesch: 51
     summary: In this detailed study of Shi‘i Islam, Najam Haider provides a uniquely new approach, one that excels all other scholarly works available to date on the sub- ject. Keeping all of this in mind, the author shows that the study of Shi‘i Islam does not stop with this early controversy, but has in fact been a dynamic and evolving stream of thought down to our our own time.
    keywords: book; islam; shi‘i
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        item: #2362 of 2426
          id: ajiss-929
      author: Aslan, Rose
       title: The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia By Harry Munt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 244 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1128
      flesch: 49
     summary: The Holy City of Medina would be most appropriate for a graduate-level course on sacred space or early Islamic history. The study of sacred space has been emerging over the past twenty years as a specific methodological approach in its own right, one that has been adopted by scholars in many disciplines.
    keywords: city; sacred; scholars
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        item: #2363 of 2426
          id: ajiss-93
      author: Shore, PAUL JOHN
       title: Lexical Choice and Rhetorical Expression in Ignazio Lomellini’s 1622 Translation of and Commentary on the Qur’an
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1163
      flesch: 58
     summary: It is perhaps this very attitude that gets reflected in Catholicism’s mod- ern view of Islam, which is noted in the Second Vatican Council’s (1962- 65) crucial documents on the church and on non-Christian religions: “But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place amongst whom are the Muslims: these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind’s judge on the last day” (Lumen Gentium #16); “The Church has also a high regard for Muslims. Shore notes that “the very act of translating (rather than merely destroying or ignoring) the Qur’ān implies another truth common to Jesuit culture: that Jesuits should ‘seek God our Lord in all things.’”
    keywords: god; lomellini; shore
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        item: #2364 of 2426
          id: ajiss-930
      author: Inloes, Amina
       title: A Muslim Reflection on Dangerous Games: What the Moral Panic over Role-Playing Games Says about Play, Religion, and Imagined Worlds
        date: 2016.0
       words: 5155
      flesch: 58
     summary: However, beyond these surface-level similarities, Laycock uncovers sub- tler, more profound reasons why fantasy games tread on the realm of religion. To illustrate his point, he in- vents a (fictional) scenario, in which a “Technocracy,” sensing the potential of fantasy role-playing games to encourage people to question hegemony, develops a “saccharine technological substitute” devoid of narrative, creativ- ity, or human contact to keep them sitting at their computers, isolated and brain-dead.24 While I agree that computerizing role-playing games strips away their human aspects, including their similarities with religion, and makes them “just games” (which, ironically, can make them feel more “religiously acceptable”), Laycock underestimates how computer game worlds act as a mass shared re- ality.
    keywords: dragons; dungeons; fantasy; games; islam; laycock; muslim; playing; religion; role; world
       cache: ajiss-930.pdf
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        item: #2365 of 2426
          id: ajiss-931
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Second International Congress on Islamic Civilization in Southern Africa: Developments and Future Perspectives
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1689
      flesch: 38
     summary: For this congress, AwqafSA partnered with the Interna- tional Peace College of South Africa (IPSA) and the University of KwaZulu- Natal (UKZN). Qasmi focused on the “Cultural, Religious, and Academic Contribution of Deobandi Diaspora of the Muslim Community in South Africa.”
    keywords: africa; community; islamic; muslim; south; university
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        item: #2366 of 2426
          id: ajiss-932
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Reaching Consensus on Organ Donation
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1501
      flesch: 53
     summary: As the norm is for or- gans to flow from poor bodies to rich bodies, from female bodies to male bod- ies, and from black and brown bodies to white bodies, the popular western 156 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 33:3 phrase “gift of life” means nothing to them. After pointing out that all Islamic legal schools have ruled that selling one’s body is a major sin, he mentioned that that doing so is now a huge business in Africa, and that the vast majority of “donors” in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf are migrant workers who need the money in order to live.
    keywords: body; death; organ; panel
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        item: #2367 of 2426
          id: ajiss-933
      author: Pervez, Saulat
       title: The International Institute of Islamic Thought Intellectual Panels
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1966
      flesch: 48
     summary: Cultural Islamophobia is the general fear held by many non-Muslims of Islam and Muslims due to their lack of knowledge, whereas political Islamophobia uses the former for political gain, recognizing that anti-Muslim rhetoric can translate into votes. In her opinion, the root causes of Islamophobia are the result of military intervention, which casts Muslims as the potential enemy, coverage of Muslims in the media as overwhelmingly about violence, and anti-Muslim political rhetoric.
    keywords: islamic; islamophobia; maqāṣid; muslim; panel
       cache: ajiss-933.pdf
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        item: #2368 of 2426
          id: ajiss-934
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: ISIS and Islam: How a Terrorist’s Ideology Twists Religion
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1304
      flesch: 61
     summary: Both movements had been against Muslims who find their ideology non-Islamic. For example, if we take history, then “Islamic history” is a highly misrepresented label, for it is only “Muslims” who are participating in “history.”
    keywords: isis; islamic
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        item: #2369 of 2426
          id: ajiss-937
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Consensus in the Islamic Legal System: An Indispensable or a Negligible Source
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2422
      flesch: 51
     summary: I contend that (1) the early jurists viewed this as the safest way to inoculate and safeguard that system (and the other sources) from individual abuse and personal manipulation and that (2) without consensus and why it was originally construed and framed (notwithstanding how it was applied) by the jurists, the Qur’an and the Sunnah (despite their inherent re- ligious and theological authority) would be meaningless or inadmissible as legitimate sources of law. But before I discuss consensus, I would like to ad- dress the two authoritative sources of law.
    keywords: consensus; law; muslims; qur’an; source
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        item: #2370 of 2426
          id: ajiss-938
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Contemplation and Craft in Turkish Material Arts
        date: 2016.0
       words: 3149
      flesch: 41
     summary: The unusual aspect connecting these four books is not the fact that they share the same publisher or even the same general scope of Turkish arts, but that they have been authored by practicing artists who have featured some of their original works between their covers. Sharing the same physical dimensions as the previous two books, as well has the same photography and art directors, this book is similar in the layout of material arts study by the artist/author.
    keywords: art; arts; author; book; illumination; ottoman; turkish
       cache: ajiss-938.pdf
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        item: #2371 of 2426
          id: ajiss-939
      author: Bruckmayr, Philipp
       title: The Shi‘a in Modern South Asia: Religion, History, and Politics By Justin Jones and Ali Usman Qasmi, eds. (Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 212 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1955
      flesch: 38
     summary: Moreover, the contribution pro- vides a window onto transnational Shi‘i endeavors long before 1979. Modern transnational dynamics are also the focus of Mirza’s comparative chapter on diverging conceptions of Twelver Shi‘i reform, represented by the Khoja-led World Islamic Network and the Tanzeem group of Hyderabad.
    keywords: community; east; husain; shi‘i; shi‘ism; south
       cache: ajiss-939.pdf
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        item: #2372 of 2426
          id: ajiss-940
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad
       title: Epistles of the Brethren of Purity: Sciences of the Soul and Intellect Part I. An Arabic Critical Edition and English Translation of Epistles 32-36 By Paul E. Walker, Ismail K. Poonawala and David Simonowitz, Godefroid de Callatay, eds./trans. (Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2016. 434 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1556
      flesch: 48
     summary: Dualism is thus present here, as is the sense of the Platonic theory of the pre-existence of human souls prior to the body that was rejected by most of the classical Islamic philosophers. The next four chapters examine the universal soul and its relationship with individual human souls and its effect upon them in conjunction with the spheres, and hence there is an implicit connection to astrology amid talk of “governing” powers of the soul or angels that affect individual souls.
    keywords: brethren; epistle; intellect; soul
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        item: #2373 of 2426
          id: ajiss-941
      author: Ghali, Walid
       title: Uṣūl al-Tafsīr: The Sciences and Methodology of the Quran By Recep Doğan (Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books, 2014. 347 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1229
      flesch: 55
     summary: Doğan then provides defi- nitions for many different terminologies in the field of Qur’anic exegesis, such as ta’wīl, uṣūl al-tafsīr, ‘ulūm al-tafsīr, and the translation of the Qur’an. In addition, uṣūl al-tafsīr provides him/her with an almost step-by-step guide in this regard.
    keywords: qur’an; tafsīr
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        item: #2374 of 2426
          id: ajiss-942
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East By Kishwar Rizvi (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. 253 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1832
      flesch: 38
     summary: Surprisingly, two new mosques are introduced here, both winners of past AKAA cycles: Pakistan’s Bhong Mosque and Bosnia’s Šeref- udin White Mosque, which, she states, responded to the clients’ needs and tastes. International patronage discussed included the Shrine of Sayidda Zaynab and the Sayidda Ruqqayya Shrine and Mosque, both of which are in Damascus.
    keywords: architecture; argument; book; chapter; mosque
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        item: #2375 of 2426
          id: ajiss-943
      author: Inloes, Amina
       title: Magic in Islam: By Michael Muhammad Knight (New York: TarcherPerigree, 2016. 246 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2176
      flesch: 56
     summary: Lastly, Knight adds up (a) the omission of African- Americans from discussions of American Islam, (b) the omission of Islam from discussions of American religion, and (c) the omission of esotericism and the occult from discussions of American religion. The Spir- ituality of Shi‘i Islam [2010].)
    keywords: american; islam; knight; magic; muslim
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        item: #2376 of 2426
          id: ajiss-944
      author: Rufai, Saheed Ahmad
       title: Iftā’ and Fatwa in the Muslim World and the West: By Zulfiqar Ali Shah (London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014. 192 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2233
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, the word al-fiqh al-istidlālī (demonstrative fiqh) is wrongly rendered as fiqh al- istighlālī (p. 10). He provides a meaningful description of the fatwa, the life story of al-Qushayri in a social context, and enumerates his scholarly works and critical engagement with his immediate environment.
    keywords: author; chapter; fatwa; iftā; islamic
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        item: #2377 of 2426
          id: ajiss-945
      author: Bond, Julian
       title: Qur’an in Conversation: By Michael Birkel (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2014. 282 pages.)
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2206
      flesch: 59
     summary: Commenting on how the Muslim speakers have engaged with non-Muslim thinkers, he ob- serves: “It seems feasible that non-Muslims can similarly be enriched by an encounter with the Qur’an” (p. 235) and concludes with: “Whether the con- versation is face to face or within one’s own mind, Muslim and non-Muslim conversation partners may come to agree how to disagree, in a way that hon- ours the integrity and beauty of each Scripture. In times of anti-Islam and anti-Muslim sentiment, the question of Muslim attitudes toward non-Muslim neighbors is a regular one.
    keywords: book; god; islam; muslim; qur’an
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        item: #2378 of 2426
          id: ajiss-946
      author: Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz
       title: The Foundation and Principles of Critical Thinking
        date: 2016.0
       words: 5298
      flesch: 52
     summary: To correct this error requires the acquisition of true, authentic, and universal knowledge; however, the so-called Enlightenment replaced such knowledge14 with thought and un- derstanding based upon conjecture and speculation.15 As a result, we no longer correctly understand such things as ethics, science, scientific thinking, crit- ical thinking, analytical thinking, and creative thinking. I contend that the metaphysical premise is more important than the skills and techniques, as it is intimately related to the technical dimensions of critical thinking.
    keywords: foundation; knowledge; life; reality; thinking; truth; universal; world
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        item: #2379 of 2426
          id: ajiss-947
      author: El-Badawi, Emran
       title: Communities of Interpretation: The Case of the Qur’an
        date: 2016.0
       words: 3791
      flesch: 53
     summary: One Scripture, Many Communities Many years ago I became interested in learning more about different ap- proaches to reading and understanding the Qur’an. Abstract This article discusses “Communities of the Qur’an,” a conference, public talk, and forthcoming book that will examine the Qur’an’s “communities of interpretation.”
    keywords: communities; community; imam; interpretation; islamic; muslim; qur’an; text; university
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        item: #2380 of 2426
          id: ajiss-948
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Islamic Thought and Secular Modernity
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2575
      flesch: 46
     summary: Given that mainstream Islamism is an attempt to reconcile pre-modern Islamic law with the modern nation-state, it is a modern phenomenon. This is un-Islamic to the extent that it makes this world the primary determinant of values.
    keywords: discussants; islamic; law; secular; session; state; thought; university
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        item: #2381 of 2426
          id: ajiss-949
      author: Elaradi, Hadeel
       title: IIIT Panels at the 2016 ISNA Convention
        date: 2016.0
       words: 2583
      flesch: 50
     summary: Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah as a Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach This panel, which revolved around Jasser Auda’s Maqasid al-Shari‘ah as a Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach (2008), sought to address problems via the theory of maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah (the purpose of Islamic law) and systems theory. Shabana Mir (assistant professor of anthropology, American Islamic Col- lege (AIC); author of the award-winning Muslim American Women on Campus: Undergraduate Social Life and Identity (2104) concentrated on how to rejuve- nate Islamic colleges via collaboration.
    keywords: iiit; islamic; muslim; need; studies
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        item: #2382 of 2426
          id: ajiss-95
      author: Doha, Tanzeen Rashed
       title: Specters of Islam: Anti-Islamist (Re)Presentations in Secular Media and Feminism (1979-2011)
        date: 2018.0
       words: 14314
      flesch: 40
     summary: This decade involves a strategic shift from the militarist exportation of liberal values towards the encouragement of reformation within Islam itself.50 In this decade the ques- tion of “women’s rights” in Islam becomes a site of central contestation, and Islamic women interested in projects of liberal reform are represented as active actors working to challenge the threat of Islam from within. It is relevant for Islam-re- lated conversations, partly because of the large subaltern population in the Islamicate postcolony—subjects who are not recognized by civil society— and partly because of contemporary Islam’s calling into attention the line of conflict between programs of modernization and reforms of Islam.
    keywords: american; anti; article; discourse; feminism; history; islam; islamic; islamism; media; muslim; new; power; relation; rights; secular; state; times; tradition; war; women; world; york
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        item: #2383 of 2426
          id: ajiss-952
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Ali A. Mazrui, IIIT, and the Muslim Experience in the United States of America
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2094
      flesch: 49
     summary: Editorial Ali A. Mazrui, IIIT, and the Muslim Experience in the United States of America This editorial is dedicated to paying a tribute to Professor Ali A. Mazrui, who passed away in Binghamton, New York, on October 13, 2014. Professor Ali A. Mazrui, the celebrated scholar, author, and public intellectual from Kenya came, performed, and departed gracefully.
    keywords: ali; iiit; islamic; mazrui; professor
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        item: #2384 of 2426
          id: ajiss-953
      author: Hasan, Md. Mahmudul
       title: English literary Studies: Including Islamic Perspectives in Pedagogy and Practice
        date: 2015.0
       words: 9637
      flesch: 46
     summary: We may also need to assess the predominant attitudes and prevailing tenden- cies of the overwhelming majority of English literature students and scholars, along with the values they apparently hold. Based on this theoretical premise, in this article I focus on the need for and three important ways of teaching English literature: inculcating Islamic/moral val- ues, identifying predominant themes and ideas inherent in literary texts and looking at them from Islamic perspectives, and reforming the curriculum.
    keywords: british; colonial; education; english; english literature; ideas; india; islamic; knowledge; literary; literature; muslim; social; students; studies; subject; texts; values
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        item: #2385 of 2426
          id: ajiss-954
      author: Delgado, Jibreel
       title: Epistemological Integration: Essentials of an Islamic Methodology By Fathi Hasan Malkawi (London and Washington: IIIT, 2014. pbk. 342 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2154
      flesch: 42
     summary: Pre-modern thinkers whose work provides Malkawi’s Islamic methodology with the springboard upon which to launch itself include Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1040), Ibn Hazm (d. 1064), Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111), Ibn Rushd (d. 1198), Ibn Taymiyyah (d. 1328), Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (d. 1388), and Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406). It is inherently linked with the maqāṣidī discourse as developed by al-Shatibi in Andalusia, al-Tahir ibn Ashur (d. 1973) in Tunisia, and the Moroccan Allal al-Fasi (d. 1974), and that con- tinues to be developed today by scholars like Ahmad al-Raysuni, Jasser Auda, Mohammad Hashim Kamali, and Taha Jabir al-Alwani.
    keywords: ibn; knowledge; malkawi
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        item: #2386 of 2426
          id: ajiss-955
      author: Rizvi, Sajjad
       title: Mirror for the Muslim Prince: Islam and the Theory of Statecraft By Mehrzad Boroujerdi (ed.) (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2013. 465 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1991
      flesch: 36
     summary: Everyone seems to be interested in Islamic political thought these days, no doubt as a result of the rise and fall of Islamisms/post-Islamisms and other contemporary configurations of Islam and politics. The final (and longest) chapter is Aziz Al-Azmeh’s deconstruction of the sui generis nature of the study of Islam in his critical appraisal of Anthony Black and Patricia Crone’s works on Islamic political thought.
    keywords: islamic; literature; muslim; study; thought
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        item: #2387 of 2426
          id: ajiss-956
      author: Laabdi, Mourad
       title: Slavery, the State, and Islam: By Mohammed Ennaji; trans. Teresa Lavender Fagan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 260 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1454
      flesch: 54
     summary: The crux of Ennaji’s analysis may be summarized as follows: The common belief that equality dominated with Islam’s advent and that endeavors of freeing slaves drastically increased is mere myth. But because En- naji makes no mention of the religious scene and the role that religion had played in the master-slave relation prior to Islam, he gives the impression that the presumed re-division of power between God and king is a distinguishing attribute of the Islamic state.
    keywords: ennaji; islam; king; power
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        item: #2388 of 2426
          id: ajiss-957
      author: Arjana, Sophia R.
       title: Do Muslim Women Need Saving? By Lila Abu-Lughod (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 2013. 326 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1607
      flesch: 45
     summary: Book Reviews 109 To understand how this works, one must ask two foundational questions: “What are the competing authorities involved in regulating or influencing the lives of Muslim women?” and “What are the channels women use to gain rights?” In this extension of her important 2002 article in American Anthropologist, Lila Abu-Lughod examines the problematic nature of the western discourse surrounding Muslim women.
    keywords: abu; muslim; women
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        item: #2389 of 2426
          id: ajiss-958
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Media Framing of the Muslim World: Conflicts, Crises, and Contexts By Halim Rane, Jacqui Ewart, and John Martinkus (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 205 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1411
      flesch: 45
     summary: This chapter was extremely insightful not only because academic work on Muslims and the media rarely include the insights of professional journal- ists, but also because professional media often are unmoved by an academic analysis of media representation on the grounds that it is unrealistic and not in tune with the daily demands of the media. The chapters are not an extended study of a singular type of media representation of Mus- lims, but rather a bringing together separate elements into a whole so that we can look at the issues from several viewpoints.
    keywords: chapter; media; muslims; world
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        item: #2390 of 2426
          id: ajiss-959
      author: Nassar, Maha
       title: Islam is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority By Zareena Grewal (New York: New York University Press, 2014. 409 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1535
      flesch: 46
     summary: Zareena Grewal’s book traces the hopes, debates, accomplishments, and dis- appointments of American Muslim students who travel to the Middle East in pursuit of Islamic knowledge. Islam is a Foreign Country: American Muslims and the Global Crisis of Authority Zareena Grewal New York: New York University Press, 2014.
    keywords: american; grewal; islamic; muslim
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        item: #2391 of 2426
          id: ajiss-960
      author: Abbas, Megan Brankley
       title: The language of Secular Islam: Urdu Nationalism and Colonial India By Kavita Saraswathi Datla (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2013. 234 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1579
      flesch: 38
     summary: By tracing the history of secular Urdu nationalism, Datla provides a fascinating glimpse into an alternative imagining of Indian nationalism that, while eventually margin- alized, complicates prevailing narratives about Urdu and Indian Muslims in South Asian historiography. In her study of Urdu language politics in late colonial India, Kavita Saraswathi Datla traces the rise and eventual demise of an alternative Urdu movement that envisioned the language not as a marker of Muslim religious identity, but as a means to articulate a modern secular nationalism with roots in India’s Islamic past.
    keywords: datla; hyderabad; muslim; urdu
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        item: #2392 of 2426
          id: ajiss-961
      author: Hamdeh, Emad
       title: The Walking Qur’an: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge, and History in West Africa By Rudolph Ware III (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. 330 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1218
      flesch: 53
     summary: Chapter 3 explores how Qur’an teachers were impacted by slav- ery and enslavement, and states that both they and their students led revo- lutionary movements that helped challenge and eventually abolish slavery. Along with shedding light on Islamic knowledge, Ware attempts to move beyond race by placing Africans at the center of Islamic studies.
    keywords: islamic; knowledge; qur’an
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        item: #2393 of 2426
          id: ajiss-962
      author: Chiabotti, Francesco
       title: Sufi Master and Qur’an Scholar: Abū’l-Qāsim al-Qushayrī and the Latā’if al-Ishārāt By Martin Tran Nguyen (Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies Qur’anic Studies Series, 2012. 303 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1501
      flesch: 52
     summary: Over the past few years, an increasing number of academic publications have focused on the life and work of the Sufi master and theologian Abū l-Qāsim ‘Abd al-Karīm b. Hawāzim al-Qushayrī (d. 465/1072 in Nishapur). Sufi Master and Qur’an Scholar: Abū’l-Qāsim al-Qushayrī and the Latā’if al-Ishārāt Martin Tran Nguyen Oxford: Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies Qur’anic Studies Series, 2012. 303 pages.
    keywords: commentary; nguyen; qushayrī
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        item: #2394 of 2426
          id: ajiss-963
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Islamic Geometric Design: By Eric Broug (New York: Thames & Hudson, 2013. 256 pages full color.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1773
      flesch: 48
     summary: The subject of Islamic geometric design has been described in numerous ways: Keith Critchlow’s Islamic Patterns and Syed Jan Abbas and Amer Shaker Salman’s Symmetries of Islamic Geometrical Patterns, both highly esoteric interpretations; Owen Jones’ Grammar of Ornament, Emile Prisse d’Avennes’ L’Art arabe d’apres les monuments du Kaire, and Jules Bourgoin’s Arabic Geometrical Pattern and Design, all descriptions of drawing collections; and even as a theme for countless “coffee table” books resplendent with glossy photographs of exotic patterns and colors. In prac- tical terms, every design begins as a circle and a series of circles – however, these are relegated mostly to the background construction of geometric pat- Book Reviews 127 terns; few circles appear in Islamic geometric design after the eleventh century.
    keywords: chapter; design; geometric; patterns
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        item: #2395 of 2426
          id: ajiss-964
      author: Alavi, Samad
       title: The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran: Tradition, Memory, and Conversion By Sarah Bowen Savant (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 277pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1847
      flesch: 32
     summary: Relying primarily on texts by Abu al-Shahykh al-Isfahani and Abu Nu‘aym al-Isfahani, Savant reveals how this later generation of biogra- phers depicted Isfahan as a center of Islamic civilization and ascribed special importance to the well-known Pleiades Hadith as evidence of the Persians’ leading role in Islamic history. Chapter 4, “Reforming Iranians’ Memories of Pre-Islamic Times,” con- siders three editorial strategies by which traditionists omitted or diminished knowledge of the Persians’ pre-Islamic past: (1) writers like al-Biruni, al- Ghazali, and Firdawsi rewrote the Persians’ universal histories as local accounts (e.g., one people’s version of the past), which undermined their authority by anthologizing them among groups or emphasizing their specificity to the Per- sians and their supersession by Islam; (2) erasing national or ethnic lines in pre-Islamic history.
    keywords: islamic; persian; savant
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        item: #2396 of 2426
          id: ajiss-965
      author: Haron, Muhammed
       title: Mounting an “Islamic Studies” Program: A University of the Free State (South Africa) Initiative
        date: 2015.0
       words: 8342
      flesch: 44
     summary: John Esposito, vol. 2 (New York: Oxford University Press 1995); R. Martin, “Islam and Religious Studies: An Introductory Essay,” in Ap- proaches to Islam in Religious Studies, ed. R. Martin (Oxford: Oneworld, 2001), 1-18; I. Ahmad, “Teaching Islamic Studies in the Non-Arab World: With or With- out Arabic?” Since the popularity of “Is- lamic studies” has been of interest to secular academics as well, the country’s University of the Free State (UFS) proposed the offering of a Baccalaureus Divinitatis Degree in Islamic studies.
    keywords: africa; education; haron; institutions; islamic; journal; muslim; program; religion; sciences; social; south; studies; ufs; university
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        item: #2397 of 2426
          id: ajiss-966
      author: Gaber, Tammy
       title: Multiple layers: The Aga Khan Museum and Complex
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2556
      flesch: 53
     summary: The Collection and Hub of Activities The AKM’s permanent collection has its roots in Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan’s collection, which he began during the 1950s while studying at Harvard. Multiple layers: The Aga Khan Museum and Complex Tammy Gaber To appreciate North York’s newly opened Aga Khan Museum (AKM), one must first understand its patron, as this undertaking is only the most recent in a long line of proactive institutions and projects initiated by the Aga Khan all over the world.
    keywords: aga khan; akm; architecture; collection; islamic; khan museum; light; museum
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        item: #2398 of 2426
          id: ajiss-967
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Reflections on the Aftermath of the Arab Spring
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1581
      flesch: 57
     summary: Arabs also need to look at the experiences of non- Arab Muslim nations such as Pakistan (under Muhammad Ali Jinnah), who understood the importance of negotiation; Indonesia’s peaceful transition from the Suharto dictatorship to a functioning democracy; and Turkey’s successful campaign to get the army to return to the barracks. The outbreak of Arab Spring clearly revealed that there is still a need to deal with ethics in governance, for lasting reform can only be actualized in the form of systems.
    keywords: indonesia; muslim; need; world
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        item: #2399 of 2426
          id: ajiss-970
      author: Ibrahim, Zakyi
       title: Un-Islamic or Non-Muslim: The Identity of Violent Extremist Elements among Muslims
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2497
      flesch: 51
     summary: After citing Qatadah’s theory of abrogation in the contexts of these peace verses, and probing the context and occasion of revelation of the alleged abro- gating war verse, al-Tabari swiftly rejected the theory as “baseless,” adding, “not according to the [context of the] Qur’an, the Sunnah, or even common sense (fiṭrat ‘aql).”9 Qur’an commentator and Maliki jurist Abu Bakr ibn al-‘Arabi (d. 1148) argues that the abrogation conclusion in this context is nothing but a mere “claim” (da‘wa).10 Fakhr al-Razi (d. 1210), a Qur’anic commentator and the- ologian with philosophical acumen (based on his voluminous tafsīr), both dis- misses this theory and insists that Muslims must accept peace “even if they (the opponents) sought it as a way of deception (‘alā sabīl al-mukhāda‘ah).”11 The majority of modern Qur’an commentators, including former Tunisian grand mufti Muhammad al-Tahir ibn ‘Ashur (d. 1973), overwhelmingly agree that the peace verses are meant for perpetual application. I will never disobey His command (amrah), nor will He ever abandon me (wa lan yuḥayyi‘anī).12 In his commentary on the peace verses, Sayyid Qutb selectively cited Qatadah’s opinion and ignored not only the other medieval commentators (i.e., al-Tabari, Ibn al-‘Arabi, Fakhr al-Razi), but also effectively disregarded the verses’ application at Hudaybiyyah.
    keywords: extremists; ibn; islamic; majority; muslims; peace
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        item: #2400 of 2426
          id: ajiss-971
      author: Gada, Muhammad Yaseen
       title: Historiography in the Twenty-First Century: The Relevance of the Crusades
        date: 2015.0
       words: 4210
      flesch: 60
     summary: Here Cobb draws attention to an important but rather ignored impact of the Crusades: “the rich legacy of Frankish-Muslim relations [rather] than a strictly military narrative” (p. 170) under Saladin. vii, viii) based on modern scholarship; Paul M. Cobb’s The Race for Paradise shows how medieval Muslims perceived the Crusades and is based on his research primarily from original Islamic sources (p. 6); and Jonathan Harris’ Byzantium and the Crusades concentrates on the relations between Byzantium and the Latin West during the Crusades.
    keywords: chapter; cobb; crusades; harris; islamic; jerusalem; latin; muslim
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        item: #2401 of 2426
          id: ajiss-972
      author: Sabet, Amr G. E.
       title: Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts: Perspectives from the Past By Derryl N. Maclean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed, eds. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013. 190 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1231
      flesch: 46
     summary: She provides evidence showing that Muslim cosmopolitanism was not only an urban phenomenon, but also one that emerged among inland villagers who sought cultural connections with the coast and its wider networks. Given this volume’s broad reach and scope, one would have expected to encounter a working definition of Muslim cosmopolitanism from a historical, sociological, and philosophical point of view.
    keywords: century; chapter; cosmopolitanism; world
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        item: #2402 of 2426
          id: ajiss-973
      author: Arjana, Sophia Rose
       title: Islamic Fashion and Anti-Fashion: New Perspectives from Europe and North America By Emma Tarlo and Annelies Moors, eds. (London and New York: Harvard, Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. 294 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1396
      flesch: 51
     summary: This volume of scholarship surrounding Islamic fashion presents a counter- narrative to a dominant story: that Muslim women in the West are subjugated by the oppressive and patriarchal yoke of Islam. Two of its attractive features are the numerous black and white images running through many of the chapters, as well as the two groups of stunning, provoca- tive color photographs showing the richness of Islamic fashion, from “hijabi street style” to London Muslim hipster style.
    keywords: fashion; islamic; muslim; women
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        item: #2403 of 2426
          id: ajiss-974
      author: Laabdi, Mourad
       title: The Sharī‘a and Islamic Criminal Justice in Time of war and Peace: By M. Cherif Bassiouni (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 405 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1532
      flesch: 46
     summary: On the question of Islamic law’s compatibility with international humanitarian law, he demonstrates that the Shari‘ah is one of the earliest legal systems to develop what is known today as armed conflict laws. Page 107 author’s sincere endeavor to derive appropriate tools from Islamic law to ad- dress contemporary issues of post-conflict and transitional justice.
    keywords: bassiouni; islamic; justice; law
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        item: #2404 of 2426
          id: ajiss-975
      author: Ayoub, Samy
       title: The Fatigue of the Shari‘a: By Ahmad Atif Ahmad (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. 208 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1473
      flesch: 50
     summary: The Fatigue of the Shari‘a Ahmad Atif Ahmad New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. In this challenging and thought-provoking monograph, Ahmad Atif Ahmad draws on the issue of futūr al-Sharī‘a (the end of access to divine guidance due to the absence of qualified jurists) to explore how early Muslim scholars debated its possible loss.
    keywords: ahmad; shari‘a
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        item: #2405 of 2426
          id: ajiss-976
      author: Takim, Liyakat
       title: Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi‘ism: From ‘Ali to Post-Khomeini By Hamid Mavani (New York: SUNY, 2013. 288 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1211
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, the author does not elaborate upon precisely how this new ijtihād will function, the re- sults it will achieve, and how it will resolve new challenges without ignoring the role of traditional Islamic legal theory. Mavani mentions scholars like Mojtahed Shabistari, Mohsen Kadivar, Muhaqqiq Damad, and Abdolkarim Soroush as having put forth creative ideas to reform Islamic legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh) so as to expand the scope of ijtihād (p. xi).
    keywords: authority; ijtihād; mavani
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        item: #2406 of 2426
          id: ajiss-977
      author: Sellam, Amar
       title: The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the world: By John Andrew Morrow (Tacoma, WA: Angelico Press and Sophia Perennis, 2013. 442 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1030
      flesch: 56
     summary: Part IV includes a set of appen- dices that cover “Witnesses to the Covenants,” “Possible Modes of Transmis- sion,” and a useful set of illustrations. Considerable space is allotted especially to western views, such as those emanating from such skeptical authors of the likes of Patricia Crone and Michael Cook (1977), Leon Arpee (1946), and others (pp. 31, 102- 03, respectively, inter alia).
    keywords: christians; covenants; muhammad
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        item: #2407 of 2426
          id: ajiss-978
      author: Cory, Stephen
       title: Sayyid Qutb: The Life and Legacy of a Radical Islamic Intellectual By James Toth (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 382 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1600
      flesch: 53
     summary: James Toth’s new text, which presents a general biography of Qutb, seeks to combine these functions by emphasizing the trajectory of his literary career along with offering a topical analysis of the major themes found within his writings. The book is divided into two main sections, the first of which describes Qutb’s life story from his childhood in Upper Egypt through his secular writ- ing career, increasing radicalization, involvement with the Muslim Brother- hood, prison years, and eventual execution by the Egyptian government in 1966.
    keywords: islam; qutb; social; toth
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        item: #2408 of 2426
          id: ajiss-979
      author: Gökçek, Mustafa
       title: The young Turks and the Ottoman Nationalities: Armenians, greeks, Albanians, Jews, and Arabs, 1908-1918 By Feroz Ahmad (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2014. 192 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1708
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the chapter on the Armenians, Ahmad discusses the political interac- tions of such Armenian organizations as Dashnak with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and their coalitions with various political groups. Greek animosity and the Dardenelles campaign need to be considered as aggravating factors that led the CUP to haphazardly im- plement extreme measures in a very disorganized, and in many instances in- humane, way, a reality that gave way to the massacre of Armenian civilians in Kurdish revenge attacks or by the unendurable road conditions of forced exile.
    keywords: ahmad; armenians; cup; istanbul
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        item: #2409 of 2426
          id: ajiss-980
      author: Inloes, Amina
       title: Teaching Arabs, writing Self: Memoirs of an Arab-American woman By Evelyn Shakir (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2014. 170 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1894
      flesch: 64
     summary: Many westerners who studied Arabic in Syria will see their own experi- ences there mirrored in Shakir’s third trip in 2008, during which she visits the American language school in Damascus, the Roman ruins in Bosra, and – in- terestingly – a number of western expatriates as well as the flood of Iraqi refugees from Saddam’s regime and the “war on terror.” Through vignettes, Shakir expresses the anger felt by Arab Americans in a land where Harry Truman “waited all of 11 minutes before saying yes when Jews in Palestine declared themselves a state” (p. 4); their voicelessness when “comics on American TV gloated openly at Israel’s victory” and “Arabs were mocked pitilessly” (p. 5); and their shame when, in the early seventies, “Pales- tinians are hijacking airlines and planting bombs” (p. 5).
    keywords: american; arab; beach; shakir
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        item: #2410 of 2426
          id: ajiss-982
      author: Alhassen, Leyla Ozgur
       title: Understanding the Qur’anic Miracle Stories in the Modern Age: By Isra Yazicioglu (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2013. 176 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1089
      flesch: 61
     summary: Thus, “miracle stories signify the presence of indeterminacy in nature, and encourage us to keep the road of in- quiry open for new discoveries and possibilities” (p. 119). Miracle stories can give inspiration for scientific and techno- logical discoveries (pp. 155-56), an understanding that reflects an “attempt on the part of a believer to read the Qur’an as speaking to his contemporary context” (p. 157).
    keywords: miracles; stories
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        item: #2411 of 2426
          id: ajiss-983
      author: Amin, Yasmin
       title: Prayer in Islamic Thought and Practice: By Marion Holmes Katz (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 243 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1430
      flesch: 50
     summary: In the fifth and final chapter, “Women and Prayer,” which will be of par- ticular interest to social and gender historians, the gender neutrality of prayer as an obligation is demonstrated and the purity laws affecting women’s ability to pray at specific times (e.g., menstruation and after childbirth) are cited. Legal considerations regarding Friday prayers and praying for rulers (p. 132) are reviewed.
    keywords: chapter; islamic; prayer
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        item: #2412 of 2426
          id: ajiss-984
      author: Senzai, Farid
       title: Making Sense of Radicalization
        date: 2015.0
       words: 5743
      flesch: 43
     summary: On the other hand, many radical jihadists who have joined terrorist groups come from middle-class or well-to do-families. Many Muslim scholars and community leaders can provide professional coun- seling, counter-radicalization programming, and religious retraining within an authentic religious paradigm.
    keywords: ajiss32; factors; group; ibid; individual; islam; muslim; radicalization; scholars; sense; social; terrorism; theory; violence
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        item: #2413 of 2426
          id: ajiss-985
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: The Awakening of Muslim Democracy: Religion, Modernity, and the State
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1496
      flesch: 57
     summary: She began her talk by saying that she was interested in “broadening out the concept of political Islam,” which had existed before the now well-known movements and parties in the Muslim world. She maintained that political Islam cannot be limited only to secularism and the state, for the former, especially in Europe, is supposed to engender the decline of religiosity, the movement of religion to the private sphere, and the separation of religion and state.
    keywords: islam; muslim; state; west
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        item: #2414 of 2426
          id: ajiss-986
      author: Willoughby, Jay
       title: Between Salafism and Traditionalism: The Case of Nasir al-Din Albani and His Detractors
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1254
      flesch: 62
     summary: The speaker maintained that Albani adopted this approach for several reasons. Albani blamed this on the madhhab, arguing that in the absence of the direct teacher-student relationship, no ‘ijāzah could be given and that earning a degree in Islamic law from a secular university did not make one a “real” expert.
    keywords: albani; din; nasir
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        item: #2415 of 2426
          id: ajiss-987
      author: Kırkpınar, Büşra
       title: Islamism in the Post-Arab Spring world
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2430
      flesch: 46
     summary: Yusuf Ekinci (Yıldırım Beyazıt University) focused on the transfor- mation of Turkish Islamism and new oppositional Islamisms. His main critique of Turkish Islamism was that the cur- rent power structure’s co-optation of Islamist civil society is responsible for its death.
    keywords: islamism; istanbul; muslim; panel; power; spring; state; university
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        item: #2416 of 2426
          id: ajiss-989
      author: Yousif, Ahmad F.
       title: Revisiting Fanaticism in the Context of Wasaṭīyyah
        date: 2015.0
       words: 8690
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thus their goal is to strive to alter society so that Islam may rule.31 In addition to being a threat to the contemporary global political and eco- nomic power, Islamic groups have frequently targeted westerners in general and Americans in particular, because doing so is one sure way to draw inter- national attention to their particular cause. With the recent “Arab Spring” and rapid regime changes in the Muslim world, we have seen the pro- liferation of Islamic groups and societies all over the globe.
    keywords: ajiss32; behavior; contemporary; fanaticism; groups; hasan_ajiss; international; islamic; journal; means; media; moderation; movements; muslim; new; page; press; social
       cache: ajiss-989.pdf
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        item: #2417 of 2426
          id: ajiss-990
      author: Ugur, Etga
       title: What’s in a Movement? Competing Narratives on Transnational Islam
        date: 2015.0
       words: 4372
      flesch: 43
     summary: He adopts a rather limited defi- nition of social movements when he rejects this designation for the Hizmet movement on the grounds that it is “pro-systemic” in terms of national identity, EU integration, and neoliberal structural adjustments. Yavuz’s account is best when he puts these seemingly contradictory and outright confusing atti- tudes into perspective for outsiders: “[T]he movement is too Islamist and con- servative for some social democrats and secularist military, too liberal and pro-American for Islamists, too Turkish nationalist for the Kurdish national- ists, too Sunni-Hanefi for the Alevis, and too worldly for some Sufi-oriented Muslims” (p. 241).
    keywords: gülen; hendrick; islamic; movement; new; politics; social; world; yavuz
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        item: #2418 of 2426
          id: ajiss-991
      author: Bruckmayr, Philipp
       title: The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South By Paul Amar, ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014. 355 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 2362
      flesch: 37
     summary: His vivid descriptions of organized visits to such places as war memorials and the reactions they engender among the participants show both their suc- cess in arousing anti-Israeli sentiments among this specific population, who are otherwise rarely preoccupied with the Arab-Israeli conflict, but also the limits of such endeavors among a community socialized in an environment strongly influenced by nationalist discourses of a “racially tolerant” Brazil. Book Reviews The Middle East and Brazil: Perspectives on the New Global South Paul Amar, ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2014.
    keywords: arab; book; brazil; islam; lebanese; muslim; south
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        item: #2419 of 2426
          id: ajiss-992
      author: Hamid, Sadek
       title: Striving in the Path of God: Jihad and Martyrdom in Islamic Thought By Asma Afsaruddin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 384 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1577
      flesch: 45
     summary: Excursions into the viewpoint of Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (d. 1350), the prominent student of the Hanbali jurist Ibn Taymiyyah, demonstrate that those classical-era fig- ures who are popular among contemporary militants possessed highly nuanced views on both jihad and martyrdom, a fact that many modern followers de- liberately ignore. al-Zamakhshari (d. 1144), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1210), al-Qurtubi (d. 1273), and Ibn Kathir (d. 1373).
    keywords: chapter; ibn; jihad
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        item: #2420 of 2426
          id: ajiss-993
      author: Dar, Showkat Ahmad
       title: Martyrdom in Modern Islam: Piety, Power, and Politics By Meir Hatina (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 276 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1748
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hatina presents suicide attacks in Iran as being officially promoted and supported by the state, whereas other Islamist movements have adopted such attacks to pursue their military and po- litical agendas. The chapter begins with the emergence of suicide attacks and explores various forms of martyrdom in the late twentieth and early twenty- first centuries within this particular context.
    keywords: chapter; hatina; islamic; martyrdom
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        item: #2421 of 2426
          id: ajiss-994
      author: Davary, Bahar
       title: Recovering the Female Voice in Islamic Scripture: Women and Silence By Georgina L. Jardim (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014. 256 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1624
      flesch: 46
     summary: Recovering the Female Voice in Islamic Scripture: Women and Silence Georgina L. Jardim Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014. The author makes good use of works by Amina Wadud, Barbara Stowasser, Asma Barlas, and other feminists who have worked on the Qur’an or on paradigms of Muslim women in the Islamic textual tra- dition.
    keywords: chapter; feminist; qur’an; voice; women
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        item: #2422 of 2426
          id: ajiss-995
      author: Piela, Anna
       title: The Burqa Affair across Europe: Between Public and Private Space By Alessandro Ferrari and Sabrina Pastorelli, eds. (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. 268 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1276
      flesch: 46
     summary: For example, he states in just Book Reviews 119 ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 119 one paragraph that, among other things, “the burqa tends to be worn by radi- cals” (without defining that term); “[burqa wearers] tend to be Arab Muslims, rather than Asian Muslims, and particularly Afghans” (p. 80; he provides no evidence to support these points and discounts the recent increase in wearing face veils specifically by Muslims of Asian background both in London and northern England); and “wealthy Arab women, often Saudi, can be seen vis- iting Harrods” (p. 80; unrelated to the rest of the paragraph). That said, the book at times is not very accessible to readers from disci- plinary backgrounds other than legal studies.
    keywords: burqa; europe; face; veil
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        item: #2423 of 2426
          id: ajiss-996
      author: Bullock, Katherine
       title: Modest Fashion: Styling Bodies, Mediating Faith By Reina Lewis, ed. (London, I.B. Tauris, 2013. 232 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1127
      flesch: 42
     summary: This is not to say that the book necessarily endorses or advocates modest dress, which it most certainly does not, but only that its contributors (e.g., a journalist and a panel discussion with bloggers, designers, and entrepreneurs) study in a sociological way the different meanings behind religious dress while maintaining respect for those they study. Taste Making as Virtual Virtue: Online Modest Fashion and the Development of Women as Religious Interpreters and Intermediaries,” an analysis of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim on-line stores and style blogs by women on modest dress and what it means to them; and Emma Tarlo’s
    keywords: dress; fashion; women
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        item: #2424 of 2426
          id: ajiss-997
      author: Sabet, Amr G.E.
       title: Islam in the Balance: Ideational Threats in Arab Politics By Lawrence Rubin (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014. 189 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1283
      flesch: 46
     summary: By studying the role of religious or transnational ideology in the Mid- dle East in particular, the study aims to advance an understanding of “how, why, and when ideology affects threat perception and state policy” (p. vii) via two aspects, one related to ideational threat perception and the other to ideational balancing. The most important part comes toward the end, where Rubin attempts to explain how states counter ideational threats through idea- tional balancing (the logic and dynamics of the process).
    keywords: power; threat
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        item: #2425 of 2426
          id: ajiss-998
      author: Ebrahimian, Mojtaba
       title: A Critical Introduction to Khomeini: By Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 306 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1806
      flesch: 37
     summary: In “Hidden Khomeini: Mysticism and Poetry,” Lloyd Ridgeon discusses the influence of mysticism and Sufi thought on Khomeini’s religio-political views. During the 1960s, Khomeini ini- tiated his rigorous anti-Shah political activity by combining “a stern moralism on gender issues and sociopersonal freedoms” with “forceful professions of 126 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 32:3 ajiss32-3-final-for-hasan_ajiss 6/12/2015 9:11 AM Page 126 opposition to tyranny and adherence to constitutional principles and the rights and liberties they entailed” (p. 27).
    keywords: ayatollah; islamic; khomeini
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        item: #2426 of 2426
          id: ajiss-999
      author: Gada, Muhammad Yaseen
       title: Jerusalem Unbound: Geography, History, and the Future of the Holy City By Michael Dumper (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. 339 pages.)
        date: 2015.0
       words: 1523
      flesch: 41
     summary: The in- volvement of the United Nations, the United States, the European Union, and the Arab and Islamic states and foundations has further affected Tel Aviv’s role and illegal occupation of Jerusalem; however, this external in- volvement has provided an alternative source of funding and other independ- ent organizations for East Jerusalem, which has still not recovered from the Israeli occupation. The author concedes that external intervention cannot compel Israel to abandon its hegemony over the East Jerusalem; how- ever, he does remark that it raises the important question of who “owns” East Jerusalem and thus leaves negotiations over the city’s future open.
    keywords: city; dumper; east; jerusalem
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