id	sid	eid	entity	type
stem-8483	1	1	277	CARDINAL
stem-8483	1	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	2	1	american	NORP
stem-8483	2	2	3	CARDINAL
stem-8483	2	3	10	CARDINAL
stem-8483	2	4	2025	CARDINAL
stem-8483	2	5	2993-2769	CARDINAL
stem-8483	2	6	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	2	7	blessing amarachukwu	PERSON
stem-8483	2	8	eze humphery general studies unit	ORG
stem-8483	2	9	federal cooperative college oji-river	ORG
stem-8483	2	10	enugu state	ORG
stem-8483	2	11	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	2	12	vincent chinedu department	ORG
stem-8483	2	13	anambra state	GPE
stem-8483	2	14	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	3	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	4	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	5	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	6	1	decades	DATE
stem-8483	12	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	12	2	sdg 4	ORG
stem-8483	13	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	14	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	15	1	1	CARDINAL
stem-8483	15	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	15	3	approximately 38%	PERCENT
stem-8483	15	4	15	DATE
stem-8483	15	5	unesco	ORG
stem-8483	15	6	2020	DATE
stem-8483	16	1	northern nigeria	LOC
stem-8483	16	2	below 50%	PERCENT
stem-8483	16	3	80%	PERCENT
stem-8483	18	1	278	CARDINAL
stem-8483	18	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	19	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	22	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	23	1	ojo & oladipo	ORG
stem-8483	23	2	2018	DATE
stem-8483	25	1	the decades	DATE
stem-8483	26	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	26	2	the 1980s	DATE
stem-8483	26	3	2000s	DATE
stem-8483	26	4	2020	DATE
stem-8483	28	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	31	1	& adewale	ORG
stem-8483	31	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	32	1	ojo & oladipo	ORG
stem-8483	32	2	2018	DATE
stem-8483	36	1	2020	DATE
stem-8483	37	1	one	CARDINAL
stem-8483	37	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	40	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	41	1	the world bank	ORG
stem-8483	41	2	2005	DATE
stem-8483	44	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	44	2	& adewale	ORG
stem-8483	44	3	2019	DATE
stem-8483	46	1	279	CARDINAL
stem-8483	46	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	47	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	47	2	ojo & oladipo	ORG
stem-8483	47	3	2018	DATE
stem-8483	48	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	50	1	2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	50	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	51	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	52	1	2020	DATE
stem-8483	52	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	52	3	the 1980s	DATE
stem-8483	53	1	2019	DATE
stem-8483	54	1	2010	DATE
stem-8483	55	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	55	2	2003	DATE
stem-8483	56	1	2024	DATE
stem-8483	57	1	2019	DATE
stem-8483	57	2	omang et al	PERSON
stem-8483	57	3	2025	DATE
stem-8483	58	1	2024	CARDINAL
stem-8483	61	1	2024	CARDINAL
stem-8483	62	1	2023	CARDINAL
stem-8483	62	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	63	1	the world bank	ORG
stem-8483	63	2	2005	DATE
stem-8483	63	3	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	66	1	2019	DATE
stem-8483	67	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	69	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	69	2	adenuga	GPE
stem-8483	69	3	2017	DATE
stem-8483	70	1	280	CARDINAL
stem-8483	70	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	73	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	73	2	4	CARDINAL
stem-8483	73	3	4	CARDINAL
stem-8483	73	4	undp	ORG
stem-8483	73	5	2020	DATE
stem-8483	75	1	2011	DATE
stem-8483	76	1	smith & ibrahim	ORG
stem-8483	76	2	2021	DATE
stem-8483	78	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	79	1	tite	ORG
stem-8483	79	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	82	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	82	2	ajiye	ORG
stem-8483	82	3	2025	DATE
stem-8483	83	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	84	1	3	CARDINAL
stem-8483	84	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	84	3	the 1980s	DATE
stem-8483	85	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	88	1	the nigerian ministry of education	ORG
stem-8483	88	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	88	3	four decades	DATE
stem-8483	89	1	the national bureau of statistics	ORG
stem-8483	89	2	n.d.	GPE
stem-8483	89	3	nigerian	NORP
stem-8483	89	4	2020	DATE
stem-8483	90	1	nigerian	NORP
stem-8483	92	1	the national commission	ORG
stem-8483	92	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	94	1	281	CARDINAL
stem-8483	94	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	96	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	99	1	lindlof & taylor	ORG
stem-8483	99	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	100	1	nigerian	NORP
stem-8483	102	1	4	CARDINAL
stem-8483	102	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	103	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	103	2	ajiye	ORG
stem-8483	103	3	2025	DATE
stem-8483	104	1	the 1980s and 1990s	DATE
stem-8483	104	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	105	1	adenuga	ORG
stem-8483	105	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	106	1	nigerian	NORP
stem-8483	106	2	the national bureau of statistics	ORG
stem-8483	106	3	the ministry of education	ORG
stem-8483	107	1	2011	DATE
stem-8483	108	1	the early 2000s	DATE
stem-8483	108	2	2005	DATE
stem-8483	109	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	109	2	decades	DATE
stem-8483	110	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	111	1	tite	ORG
stem-8483	111	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	112	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	113	1	the 1980s and 1990s	DATE
stem-8483	113	2	mbilinyi & omari	ORG
stem-8483	113	3	2016	DATE
stem-8483	114	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	115	1	the years	DATE
stem-8483	116	1	2017	DATE
stem-8483	117	1	one	CARDINAL
stem-8483	117	2	2024	DATE
stem-8483	118	1	2023	CARDINAL
stem-8483	119	1	unesco	ORG
stem-8483	119	2	2006	DATE
stem-8483	120	1	282	CARDINAL
stem-8483	120	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	121	1	millennium	DATE
stem-8483	121	2	undp	ORG
stem-8483	121	3	2020	DATE
stem-8483	122	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	122	2	piper & simmons	ORG
stem-8483	122	3	2017	DATE
stem-8483	123	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	123	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	123	3	smith & ibrahim	ORG
stem-8483	123	4	2021	DATE
stem-8483	125	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	128	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	129	1	5	CARDINAL
stem-8483	129	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	130	1	the national commission	ORG
stem-8483	130	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	131	1	anele et al.	PERSON
stem-8483	131	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	132	1	felicia	ORG
stem-8483	132	2	2025	DATE
stem-8483	135	1	2019	DATE
stem-8483	137	1	2024	DATE
stem-8483	139	1	tite	ORG
stem-8483	139	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	140	1	smith & ibrahim	ORG
stem-8483	140	2	2021	DATE
stem-8483	144	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	147	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	147	2	ajiye	ORG
stem-8483	147	3	2025	DATE
stem-8483	150	1	283	CARDINAL
stem-8483	150	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	151	1	2019	DATE
stem-8483	154	1	omang et al.	PERSON
stem-8483	154	2	2025	DATE
stem-8483	156	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	158	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	161	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	162	1	6	CARDINAL
stem-8483	162	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	163	1	one	CARDINAL
stem-8483	163	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	163	3	ajiye	ORG
stem-8483	163	4	2025	DATE
stem-8483	164	1	anele et al.	PERSON
stem-8483	164	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	165	1	english	LANGUAGE
stem-8483	165	2	2018	DATE
stem-8483	167	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	169	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	169	2	smith & ibrahim	ORG
stem-8483	169	3	2021	DATE
stem-8483	172	1	sanusi & oyegoke	ORG
stem-8483	172	2	2024	DATE
stem-8483	174	1	2017	DATE
stem-8483	177	1	2023	CARDINAL
stem-8483	179	1	2011	DATE
stem-8483	182	1	adenuga	ORG
stem-8483	182	2	2017	DATE
stem-8483	182	3	adenuga	ORG
stem-8483	182	4	2017	DATE
stem-8483	183	1	284	CARDINAL
stem-8483	183	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	186	1	mbilinyi & omari	ORG
stem-8483	186	2	2016	DATE
stem-8483	188	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	191	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	191	2	unesco	NORP
stem-8483	191	3	2006	DATE
stem-8483	191	4	undp	ORG
stem-8483	191	5	2020	DATE
stem-8483	193	1	7	CARDINAL
stem-8483	193	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	194	1	the 1980s	DATE
stem-8483	194	2	ajiye	ORG
stem-8483	194	3	2025	DATE
stem-8483	194	4	2019	DATE
stem-8483	195	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	195	2	decades	DATE
stem-8483	196	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	196	2	adenuga	GPE
stem-8483	196	3	2017	DATE
stem-8483	196	4	world bank	ORG
stem-8483	196	5	2005	DATE
stem-8483	198	1	the early 2000s	DATE
stem-8483	198	2	2011	DATE
stem-8483	199	1	one	CARDINAL
stem-8483	199	2	unesco	ORG
stem-8483	199	3	2006	DATE
stem-8483	200	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	200	2	tite	ORG
stem-8483	200	3	2017	CARDINAL
stem-8483	200	4	2018	DATE
stem-8483	202	1	2017	DATE
stem-8483	202	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	203	1	one	CARDINAL
stem-8483	203	2	2024	DATE
stem-8483	204	1	2023	CARDINAL
stem-8483	205	1	millennium	DATE
stem-8483	205	2	undp	ORG
stem-8483	205	3	2020	DATE
stem-8483	205	4	piper & simmons	ORG
stem-8483	205	5	2017	DATE
stem-8483	206	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	207	1	smith & ibrahim	ORG
stem-8483	207	2	2021	DATE
stem-8483	208	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	209	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	211	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	212	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	213	1	285	CARDINAL
stem-8483	213	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	215	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	216	1	the 1980s	DATE
stem-8483	217	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	219	1	millennium	DATE
stem-8483	222	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	225	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	226	1	9	CARDINAL
stem-8483	226	2	nigerian	NORP
stem-8483	236	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	237	1	10	CARDINAL
stem-8483	237	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	239	1	286	CARDINAL
stem-8483	239	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	242	1	1	CARDINAL
stem-8483	242	2	adenuga	PERSON
stem-8483	242	3	b.	PERSON
stem-8483	242	4	2017	CARDINAL
stem-8483	243	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	244	1	28(3	DATE
stem-8483	244	2	45-60	CARDINAL
stem-8483	245	1	2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	245	2	adenuga	PERSON
stem-8483	245	3	2017	CARDINAL
stem-8483	246	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	247	1	journal of communication research	ORG
stem-8483	247	2	210-225	CARDINAL
stem-8483	248	1	3	CARDINAL
stem-8483	248	2	f., & akande	ORG
stem-8483	248	3	a.	PERSON
stem-8483	248	4	2018	DATE
stem-8483	249	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	250	1	23(2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	250	2	78-92	CARDINAL
stem-8483	251	1	4	CARDINAL
stem-8483	251	2	ajiye	PERSON
stem-8483	251	3	o. t.	PERSON
stem-8483	251	4	2025	CARDINAL
stem-8483	253	1	islamic university journal of social sciences	ORG
stem-8483	253	2	4(4	CARDINAL
stem-8483	253	3	319	CARDINAL
stem-8483	253	4	5	CARDINAL
stem-8483	253	5	akinwale	PERSON
stem-8483	253	6	2020	DATE
stem-8483	254	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	255	1	nigerian journal of education	ORG
stem-8483	255	2	15(1	CARDINAL
stem-8483	255	3	23-40	CARDINAL
stem-8483	256	1	6	CARDINAL
stem-8483	256	2	anele	PERSON
stem-8483	256	3	m. c.	PERSON
stem-8483	256	4	c. a.	GPE
stem-8483	256	5	p. m.	PERSON
stem-8483	256	6	2019	DATE
stem-8483	257	1	imo state university	ORG
stem-8483	257	2	ikoku college of education	ORG
stem-8483	257	3	owerri	GPE
stem-8483	257	4	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	258	1	novena journal of communication	ORG
stem-8483	258	2	10	CARDINAL
stem-8483	258	3	105–114	CARDINAL
stem-8483	259	1	7	CARDINAL
stem-8483	259	2	felicia	PERSON
stem-8483	260	1	2025	CARDINAL
stem-8483	262	1	budapest international research	ORG
stem-8483	262	2	8(2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	262	3	132–147	CARDINAL
stem-8483	263	1	https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v8i2.8083 8	PRODUCT
stem-8483	263	2	krippendorff	PERSON
stem-8483	263	3	2018	DATE
stem-8483	264	1	4th	ORDINAL
stem-8483	266	1	9.	CARDINAL
stem-8483	266	2	lindlof	PERSON
stem-8483	266	3	t. r., & taylor	ORG
stem-8483	266	4	b. c.	PERSON
stem-8483	266	5	2017	CARDINAL
stem-8483	267	1	4th	ORDINAL
stem-8483	269	1	10	CARDINAL
stem-8483	270	1	mbilinyi	ORG
stem-8483	270	2	m., & omari	ORG
stem-8483	270	3	h.	PERSON
stem-8483	270	4	2016	CARDINAL
stem-8483	271	1	tanzania	GPE
stem-8483	271	2	elimu	DATE
stem-8483	272	1	international journal of educational development	ORG
stem-8483	272	2	16(2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	272	3	213-225	CARDINAL
stem-8483	273	1	11	CARDINAL
stem-8483	274	1	2017).radio	CARDINAL
stem-8483	274	2	12	CARDINAL
stem-8483	275	1	nigerian ministry of education	ORG
stem-8483	276	1	2019	DATE
stem-8483	277	1	annual	DATE
stem-8483	278	1	abuja, nigeria	ORG
stem-8483	279	1	13	CARDINAL
stem-8483	280	1	nnlma	PERSON
stem-8483	280	2	nigerian	NORP
stem-8483	281	1	2020	DATE
stem-8483	282	1	annual	DATE
stem-8483	283	1	lagos	GPE
stem-8483	283	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	284	1	14	CARDINAL
stem-8483	284	2	s.	PERSON
stem-8483	284	3	egwu	GPE
stem-8483	284	4	c. n.	PERSON
stem-8483	284	5	nwamba	PERSON
stem-8483	284	6	j. i.	PERSON
stem-8483	284	7	nwafor	ORG
stem-8483	284	8	e. c.	PERSON
stem-8483	284	9	a. n.	PERSON
stem-8483	284	10	c. p.,	PERSON
stem-8483	284	11	2019	DATE
stem-8483	285	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	286	1	international journal of education	ORG
stem-8483	286	2	111–128	DATE
stem-8483	286	3	15	CARDINAL
stem-8483	287	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	288	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	289	1	10(2	DATE
stem-8483	289	2	45	CARDINAL
stem-8483	290	1	m.	PERSON
stem-8483	290	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	291	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	292	1	journal of development studies	ORG
stem-8483	292	2	37(4),210	CARDINAL
stem-8483	292	3	225	CARDINAL
stem-8483	294	1	287	CARDINAL
stem-8483	294	2	american	NORP
stem-8483	295	1	17	CARDINAL
stem-8483	296	1	okoroba	PERSON
stem-8483	296	2	i.	PERSON
stem-8483	296	3	2023	CARDINAL
stem-8483	297	1	lagos	GPE
stem-8483	297	2	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	298	1	proleap consulting limited	ORG
stem-8483	300	1	18	CARDINAL
stem-8483	301	1	a.	PERSON
stem-8483	301	2	2019	DATE
stem-8483	302	1	lagos	GPE
stem-8483	303	1	nigerian journal of broadcasting and communication	ORG
stem-8483	304	1	19	CARDINAL
stem-8483	304	2	omang	PERSON
stem-8483	304	3	t. n.	GPE
stem-8483	304	4	a. i.	PERSON
stem-8483	304	5	j.	PERSON
stem-8483	304	6	2025	DATE
stem-8483	305	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	306	1	3(2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	306	2	90–105	CARDINAL
stem-8483	307	1	20	CARDINAL
stem-8483	308	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	310	1	25(1),89-102	CARDINAL
stem-8483	310	2	21	CARDINAL
stem-8483	311	1	2018	DATE
stem-8483	312	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	313	1	26(2	CARDINAL
stem-8483	313	2	321-335	CARDINAL
stem-8483	314	1	22	CARDINAL
stem-8483	315	1	r.	PERSON
stem-8483	315	2	2017	CARDINAL
stem-8483	317	1	journal of development communication	ORG
stem-8483	317	2	38(3),210	CARDINAL
stem-8483	317	3	23	CARDINAL
stem-8483	318	1	b. o.	PERSON
stem-8483	318	2	2011	DATE
stem-8483	320	1	d. wilson	PERSON
stem-8483	320	2	ed	PERSON
stem-8483	321	1	bsm resources nigeria	ORG
stem-8483	322	1	24	CARDINAL
stem-8483	323	1	n. a.	PERSON
stem-8483	323	2	2024	CARDINAL
stem-8483	325	1	african	NORP
stem-8483	325	2	608–625	CARDINAL
stem-8483	326	1	25	CARDINAL
stem-8483	326	2	f. o.	PERSON
stem-8483	326	3	o. t., & alade	PERSON
stem-8483	326	4	m.	PERSON
stem-8483	326	5	2024	CARDINAL
stem-8483	327	1	lagos	GPE
stem-8483	328	1	april	DATE
stem-8483	328	2	1-8	DATE
stem-8483	329	1	26	CARDINAL
stem-8483	330	1	j., & ibrahim	ORG
stem-8483	330	2	a.	PERSON
stem-8483	330	3	2021	CARDINAL
stem-8483	331	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	332	1	journal of communication studies	ORG
stem-8483	332	2	48(4),567	CARDINAL
stem-8483	332	3	27	CARDINAL
stem-8483	333	1	tite	ORG
stem-8483	333	2	2017	CARDINAL
stem-8483	334	1	nigeria	GPE
stem-8483	335	1	journal of educational research	ORG
stem-8483	335	2	35(2),78	CARDINAL
stem-8483	335	3	28	CARDINAL
stem-8483	336	1	united nations development programme	ORG
stem-8483	337	1	2020	DATE
stem-8483	338	1	millennium	DATE
stem-8483	339	1	29	CARDINAL
stem-8483	340	1	united nations	ORG
stem-8483	341	1	2006	DATE
stem-8483	343	1	30	CARDINAL
stem-8483	344	1	world bank	ORG
stem-8483	345	1	2005	DATE
stem-8483	347	1	africa	LOC
stem-8483	348	1	the world bank	ORG