id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
stem-8344	1	1	148	148	NUM
stem-8344	1	2	american	american	ADJ
stem-8344	1	3	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	1	4	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	1	5	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	1	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	1	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
stem-8344	1	8	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	1	9	learning	learn	VERB
stem-8344	1	10	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	1	11	stem	stem	NOUN
stem-8344	1	12	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	1	13	www	www	PROPN
stem-8344	1	14	.	.	PROPN
stem-8344	2	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	PROPN
stem-8344	2	2	american	american	PROPN
stem-8344	2	3	journal	journal	PROPN
stem-8344	2	4	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	2	5	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
stem-8344	2	8	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	2	9	learning	learn	VERB
stem-8344	2	10	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	2	11	stem	stem	NOUN
stem-8344	2	12	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	2	13	volume	volume	NOUN
stem-8344	2	14	3	3	NUM
stem-8344	2	15	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	16	issue	issue	NOUN
stem-8344	2	17	9	9	NUM
stem-8344	2	18	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	19	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	2	20	issn	issn	X
stem-8344	2	21	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	22	e	e	NOUN
stem-8344	2	23	):	):	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	24	2993	2993	NUM
stem-8344	2	25	-	-	SYM
stem-8344	2	26	2769	2769	NUM
stem-8344	2	27	the	the	DET
stem-8344	2	28	role	role	NOUN
stem-8344	2	29	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	2	30	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	2	31	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	2	32	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	2	33	enhancing	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	2	34	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	2	35	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	2	36	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	2	37	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	2	38	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	2	39	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	2	40	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	2	41	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	2	42	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	2	43	yuldosheva	yuldosheva	VERB
stem-8344	2	44	tursunoy	tursunoy	PROPN
stem-8344	2	45	independent	independent	ADJ
stem-8344	2	46	researcher	researcher	NOUN
stem-8344	2	47	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	2	48	uzbekistan	uzbekistan	PROPN
stem-8344	2	49	state	state	PROPN
stem-8344	2	50	world	world	PROPN
stem-8344	2	51	languages	language	NOUN
stem-8344	2	52	university	university	NOUN
stem-8344	2	53	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	54	yuldoshevat1@gmail.com	yuldoshevat1@gmail.com	X
stem-8344	2	55	abstract	abstract	NOUN
stem-8344	2	56	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	57	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	2	58	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	2	59	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	60	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	2	61	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	62	has	have	AUX
stem-8344	2	63	revolutionized	revolutionize	VERB
stem-8344	2	64	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	2	65	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	2	66	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	2	67	providing	provide	VERB
stem-8344	2	68	immersive	immersive	NOUN
stem-8344	2	69	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	70	interactive	interactive	ADJ
stem-8344	2	71	environments	environment	NOUN
stem-8344	2	72	that	that	PRON
stem-8344	2	73	simulate	simulate	VERB
stem-8344	2	74	real	real	ADJ
stem-8344	2	75	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	76	world	world	NOUN
stem-8344	2	77	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	2	78	interactions	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	2	79	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	80	fostering	foster	VERB
stem-8344	2	81	empathy	empathy	NOUN
stem-8344	2	82	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	83	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	2	84	awareness	awareness	NOUN
stem-8344	2	85	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	2	86	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	2	87	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	2	88	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	2	89	among	among	ADP
stem-8344	2	90	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	2	91	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	2	92	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	2	93	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	2	94	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	2	95	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	3	1	this	this	DET
stem-8344	3	2	article	article	NOUN
stem-8344	3	3	explores	explore	VERB
stem-8344	3	4	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	3	5	's	's	PART
stem-8344	3	6	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
stem-8344	3	7	potential	potential	NOUN
stem-8344	3	8	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	3	9	enhancing	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	3	10	these	these	DET
stem-8344	3	11	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	3	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	3	13	drawing	draw	VERB
stem-8344	3	14	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	3	15	recent	recent	ADJ
stem-8344	3	16	empirical	empirical	ADJ
stem-8344	3	17	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	3	18	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	3	19	2023–2025	2023–2025	NUM
stem-8344	3	20	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	3	21	that	that	PRON
stem-8344	3	22	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
stem-8344	3	23	improved	improve	VERB
stem-8344	3	24	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	3	25	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
stem-8344	3	26	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	3	27	classroom	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	3	28	management	management	NOUN
stem-8344	3	29	through	through	ADP
stem-8344	3	30	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	3	31	simulations	simulation	NOUN
stem-8344	3	32	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	4	1	key	key	ADJ
stem-8344	4	2	findings	finding	NOUN
stem-8344	4	3	indicate	indicate	VERB
stem-8344	4	4	that	that	SCONJ
stem-8344	4	5	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	4	6	's	's	PART
stem-8344	4	7	core	core	NOUN
stem-8344	4	8	features	feature	NOUN
stem-8344	4	9	—	—	PUNCT
stem-8344	4	10	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	4	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	4	12	interaction	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	4	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	4	14	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	4	15	imagination	imagination	NOUN
stem-8344	4	16	—	—	PUNCT
stem-8344	4	17	outperform	outperform	ADJ
stem-8344	4	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
stem-8344	4	19	methods	method	NOUN
stem-8344	4	20	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	4	21	building	build	VERB
stem-8344	4	22	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	4	23	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	4	24	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	4	25	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	4	26	effect	effect	NOUN
stem-8344	4	27	sizes	size	VERB
stem-8344	4	28	up	up	ADP
stem-8344	4	29	to	to	PART
stem-8344	4	30	0.8	0.8	NUM
stem-8344	4	31	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	4	32	randomized	randomized	ADJ
stem-8344	4	33	trials	trial	NOUN
stem-8344	4	34	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	5	1	however	however	ADV
stem-8344	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	5	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
stem-8344	5	4	like	like	ADP
stem-8344	5	5	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
stem-8344	5	6	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	5	7	technical	technical	ADJ
stem-8344	5	8	barriers	barrier	NOUN
stem-8344	5	9	persist	persist	VERB
stem-8344	5	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	5	11	particularly	particularly	ADV
stem-8344	5	12	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	5	13	resource	resource	NOUN
stem-8344	5	14	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	5	15	limited	limit	VERB
stem-8344	5	16	settings	setting	NOUN
stem-8344	5	17	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	6	1	through	through	ADP
stem-8344	6	2	a	a	DET
stem-8344	6	3	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
stem-8344	6	4	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	6	5	mixed	mixed	ADJ
stem-8344	6	6	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	6	7	methods	method	NOUN
stem-8344	6	8	research	research	NOUN
stem-8344	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	6	10	this	this	DET
stem-8344	6	11	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	6	12	proposes	propose	VERB
stem-8344	6	13	a	a	DET
stem-8344	6	14	framework	framework	NOUN
stem-8344	6	15	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	6	16	integrating	integrate	VERB
stem-8344	6	17	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	6	18	into	into	ADP
stem-8344	6	19	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	6	20	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	6	21	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	6	22	curricula	curricula	NOUN
stem-8344	6	23	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	6	24	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
stem-8344	6	25	student	student	NOUN
stem-8344	6	26	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	6	27	centered	center	VERB
stem-8344	6	28	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	6	29	experiential	experiential	ADJ
stem-8344	6	30	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	6	31	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	7	1	implications	implication	NOUN
stem-8344	7	2	include	include	VERB
stem-8344	7	3	enhanced	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	7	4	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	7	5	readiness	readiness	NOUN
stem-8344	7	6	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	7	7	preservice	preservice	NOUN
stem-8344	7	8	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	7	9	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	7	10	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	7	11	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
stem-8344	7	12	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	7	13	scalable	scalable	ADJ
stem-8344	7	14	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	7	15	adoption	adoption	NOUN
stem-8344	7	16	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	7	17	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	7	18	educational	educational	ADJ
stem-8344	7	19	contexts	contexts	NOUN
stem-8344	7	20	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
stem-8344	8	2	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	3	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	8	4	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	8	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	6	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	8	7	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	9	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	8	10	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	8	11	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	8	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	8	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	14	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	8	15	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	8	16	teaching	teaching	NOUN
stem-8344	8	17	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	8	19	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	8	20	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	8	21	immersive	immersive	ADJ
stem-8344	8	22	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	8	23	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	9	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
stem-8344	9	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	10	1	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	10	2	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	10	3	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	10	4	are	be	AUX
stem-8344	10	5	indispensable	indispensable	ADJ
stem-8344	10	6	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	10	7	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	10	8	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	10	9	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	10	10	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	10	11	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	10	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	10	13	enabling	enable	VERB
stem-8344	10	14	them	they	PRON
stem-8344	10	15	to	to	PART
stem-8344	10	16	navigate	navigate	VERB
stem-8344	10	17	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	10	18	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	10	19	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	10	20	foster	foster	ADJ
stem-8344	10	21	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
stem-8344	10	22	environments	environment	NOUN
stem-8344	10	23	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	10	24	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	10	25	promote	promote	VERB
stem-8344	10	26	crosscultural	crosscultural	ADJ
stem-8344	10	27	understanding	understanding	NOUN
stem-8344	10	28	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	10	29	an	an	DET
stem-8344	10	30	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
stem-8344	10	31	globalized	globalize	VERB
stem-8344	10	32	world	world	NOUN
stem-8344	10	33	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
stem-8344	11	2	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	11	3	methods	method	NOUN
stem-8344	11	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	5	such	such	ADJ
stem-8344	11	6	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	11	7	roleplaying	roleplaying	NOUN
stem-8344	11	8	or	or	CCONJ
stem-8344	11	9	lectures	lecture	NOUN
stem-8344	11	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	11	often	often	ADV
stem-8344	11	12	fall	fall	VERB
stem-8344	11	13	short	short	ADJ
stem-8344	11	14	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	11	15	replicating	replicate	VERB
stem-8344	11	16	authentic	authentic	ADJ
stem-8344	11	17	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	11	18	encounters	encounter	NOUN
stem-8344	11	19	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	20	limiting	limit	VERB
stem-8344	11	21	empathy	empathy	ADJ
stem-8344	11	22	development	development	NOUN
stem-8344	11	23	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	11	24	practical	practical	ADJ
stem-8344	11	25	application	application	NOUN
stem-8344	11	26	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	27	byram	byram	PROPN
stem-8344	11	28	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	29	1997	1997	NUM
stem-8344	11	30	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	11	31	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	1	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	12	2	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	12	3	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	4	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	12	5	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	7	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	12	8	its	its	PRON
stem-8344	12	9	capacity	capacity	NOUN
stem-8344	12	10	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	12	11	immersive	immersive	ADJ
stem-8344	12	12	simulations	simulation	NOUN
stem-8344	12	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	14	offers	offer	VERB
stem-8344	12	15	a	a	DET
stem-8344	12	16	transformative	transformative	ADJ
stem-8344	12	17	solution	solution	NOUN
stem-8344	12	18	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	19	users	user	NOUN
stem-8344	12	20	can	can	AUX
stem-8344	12	21	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	22	inhabit	inhabit	VERB
stem-8344	12	23	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	24	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	12	25	worlds	world	NOUN
stem-8344	12	26	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	27	interact	interact	VERB
stem-8344	12	28	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	12	29	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	12	30	avatars	avatar	NOUN
stem-8344	12	31	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	32	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	12	33	experience	experience	VERB
stem-8344	12	34	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	12	35	nuances	nuance	NOUN
stem-8344	12	36	firsthand	firsthand	ADV
stem-8344	12	37	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	12	38	bridging	bridge	VERB
stem-8344	12	39	the	the	DET
stem-8344	12	40	gap	gap	NOUN
stem-8344	12	41	between	between	ADP
stem-8344	12	42	theory	theory	NOUN
stem-8344	12	43	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	12	44	practice	practice	NOUN
stem-8344	12	45	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	13	1	this	this	DET
stem-8344	13	2	article	article	NOUN
stem-8344	13	3	examines	examine	VERB
stem-8344	13	4	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	13	5	's	's	PART
stem-8344	13	6	role	role	NOUN
stem-8344	13	7	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	13	8	enhancing	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	13	9	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	13	10	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	13	11	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	13	12	among	among	ADP
stem-8344	13	13	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	13	14	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	13	15	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	13	16	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	13	17	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	13	18	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	13	19	focusing	focus	VERB
stem-8344	13	20	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	13	21	its	its	PRON
stem-8344	13	22	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
stem-8344	13	23	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
stem-8344	13	24	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	13	25	empirical	empirical	ADJ
stem-8344	13	26	impacts	impact	NOUN
stem-8344	13	27	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	14	1	motivated	motivate	VERB
stem-8344	14	2	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	14	3	the	the	DET
stem-8344	14	4	post	post	ADJ
stem-8344	14	5	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	14	6	covid	covid	ADJ
stem-8344	14	7	shift	shift	NOUN
stem-8344	14	8	toward	toward	ADP
stem-8344	14	9	digital	digital	ADJ
stem-8344	14	10	pedagogies	pedagogy	NOUN
stem-8344	14	11	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	14	12	the	the	DET
stem-8344	14	13	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	14	14	unesco	unesco	NOUN
stem-8344	14	15	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
stem-8344	14	16	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	14	17	technologyenhanced	technologyenhance	VERB
stem-8344	14	18	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	14	19	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	14	20	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	14	21	the	the	DET
stem-8344	14	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
stem-8344	14	23	synthesizes	synthesize	VERB
stem-8344	14	24	recent	recent	ADJ
stem-8344	14	25	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	14	26	highlighting	highlight	VERB
stem-8344	14	27	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	14	28	's	's	PART
stem-8344	14	29	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
stem-8344	14	30	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	14	31	building	build	VERB
stem-8344	14	32	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	14	33	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
stem-8344	14	34	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	14	35	cq	cq	NOUN
stem-8344	14	36	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	14	37	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	14	38	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	14	39	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
stem-8344	14	40	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	15	1	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	15	2	addressing	address	VERB
stem-8344	15	3	core	core	NOUN
stem-8344	15	4	features	feature	NOUN
stem-8344	15	5	like	like	ADP
stem-8344	15	6	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	15	7	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	15	8	interaction	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	15	9	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	15	10	it	it	PRON
stem-8344	15	11	elucidates	elucidate	VERB
stem-8344	15	12	how	how	SCONJ
stem-8344	15	13	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	15	14	cultivates	cultivate	VERB
stem-8344	15	15	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	15	16	such	such	ADJ
stem-8344	15	17	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	15	18	perspective	perspective	NOUN
stem-8344	15	19	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	15	20	taking	take	VERB
stem-8344	15	21	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	15	22	conflict	conflict	NOUN
stem-8344	15	23	resolution	resolution	NOUN
stem-8344	15	24	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	15	25	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
stem-8344	15	26	settings	setting	NOUN
stem-8344	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	16	1	the	the	DET
stem-8344	16	2	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	16	3	advocates	advocate	VERB
stem-8344	16	4	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	16	5	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	16	6	integration	integration	NOUN
stem-8344	16	7	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	16	8	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	16	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	16	10	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	16	11	programs	program	NOUN
stem-8344	16	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	16	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
stem-8344	16	14	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	16	15	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	16	16	regions	region	NOUN
stem-8344	16	17	like	like	ADP
stem-8344	16	18	central	central	ADJ
stem-8344	16	19	asia	asia	PROPN
stem-8344	16	20	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	16	21	europe	europe	PROPN
stem-8344	16	22	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	16	23	to	to	PART
stem-8344	16	24	prepare	prepare	VERB
stem-8344	16	25	educators	educator	NOUN
stem-8344	16	26	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	16	27	equitable	equitable	ADJ
stem-8344	16	28	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	16	29	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	16	30	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	16	31	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	17	1	literature	literature	PROPN
stem-8344	17	2	review	review	PROPN
stem-8344	17	3	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	18	1	research	research	NOUN
stem-8344	18	2	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	18	3	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	18	4	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	18	5	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	18	6	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	18	7	has	have	AUX
stem-8344	18	8	surged	surge	VERB
stem-8344	18	9	since	since	SCONJ
stem-8344	18	10	2020	2020	NUM
stem-8344	18	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	18	12	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	18	13	a	a	DET
stem-8344	18	14	focus	focus	NOUN
stem-8344	18	15	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	18	16	its	its	PRON
stem-8344	18	17	application	application	NOUN
stem-8344	18	18	to	to	ADP
stem-8344	18	19	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	18	20	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	18	21	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	18	22	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	18	23	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	18	24	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	19	1	foundational	foundational	ADJ
stem-8344	19	2	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	19	3	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
stem-8344	19	4	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	19	5	's	's	PART
stem-8344	19	6	ability	ability	NOUN
stem-8344	19	7	to	to	PART
stem-8344	19	8	simulate	simulate	VERB
stem-8344	19	9	authentic	authentic	ADJ
stem-8344	19	10	scenarios	scenario	NOUN
stem-8344	19	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	19	12	reducing	reduce	VERB
stem-8344	19	13	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
stem-8344	19	14	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	19	15	enhancing	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	19	16	empathy	empathy	NOUN
stem-8344	19	17	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	19	18	rhee	rhee	PROPN
stem-8344	19	19	et	et	PROPN
stem-8344	19	20	al	al	PROPN
stem-8344	19	21	.	.	PROPN
stem-8344	19	22	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	19	23	2017	2017	NUM
stem-8344	19	24	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	19	25	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	20	1	a	a	DET
stem-8344	20	2	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	20	3	149	149	NUM
stem-8344	20	4	american	american	ADJ
stem-8344	20	5	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	20	6	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	20	7	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	20	9	literacy	literacy	NOUN
stem-8344	20	10	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	20	11	learning	learn	VERB
stem-8344	20	12	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	20	13	stem	stem	NOUN
stem-8344	20	14	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	20	15	www	www	PROPN
stem-8344	20	16	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
stem-8344	21	2	review	review	NOUN
stem-8344	21	3	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	21	4	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	21	5	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	21	6	preservice	preservice	NOUN
stem-8344	21	7	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	21	8	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	21	9	identifies	identify	VERB
stem-8344	21	10	three	three	NUM
stem-8344	21	11	core	core	NOUN
stem-8344	21	12	features	feature	NOUN
stem-8344	21	13	—	—	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	14	imagination	imagination	NOUN
stem-8344	21	15	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	16	nonreal	nonreal	ADJ
stem-8344	21	17	environments	environment	NOUN
stem-8344	21	18	mimicking	mimic	VERB
stem-8344	21	19	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	21	20	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	21	21	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	22	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	23	interaction	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	21	24	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	25	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
stem-8344	21	26	responses	response	NOUN
stem-8344	21	27	from	from	ADP
stem-8344	21	28	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	21	29	agents	agent	NOUN
stem-8344	21	30	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	31	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	32	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	21	33	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	21	34	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	21	35	full	full	ADJ
stem-8344	21	36	sensory	sensory	ADJ
stem-8344	21	37	engagement)—as	engagement)—as	X
stem-8344	21	38	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
stem-8344	21	39	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	21	40	skill	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	21	41	development	development	NOUN
stem-8344	21	42	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	22	1	these	these	DET
stem-8344	22	2	elements	element	NOUN
stem-8344	22	3	enable	enable	VERB
stem-8344	22	4	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	22	5	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	22	6	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	22	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	22	8	to	to	PART
stem-8344	22	9	practice	practice	VERB
stem-8344	22	10	managing	manage	VERB
stem-8344	22	11	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
stem-8344	22	12	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
stem-8344	22	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	22	14	such	such	ADJ
stem-8344	22	15	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	22	16	addressing	address	VERB
stem-8344	22	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	22	18	misunderstandings	misunderstanding	NOUN
stem-8344	22	19	or	or	CCONJ
stem-8344	22	20	adapting	adapt	VERB
stem-8344	22	21	lessons	lesson	NOUN
stem-8344	22	22	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	22	23	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	22	24	learners	learner	NOUN
stem-8344	22	25	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	23	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
stem-8344	23	2	evidence	evidence	NOUN
stem-8344	23	3	supports	support	VERB
stem-8344	23	4	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	23	5	's	's	PART
stem-8344	23	6	superiority	superiority	NOUN
stem-8344	23	7	over	over	ADP
stem-8344	23	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
stem-8344	23	9	methods	method	NOUN
stem-8344	23	10	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	1	a	a	DET
stem-8344	24	2	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	24	3	mixed	mix	VERB
stem-8344	24	4	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	5	methods	method	NOUN
stem-8344	24	6	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	24	7	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	24	8	social	social	ADJ
stem-8344	24	9	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	24	10	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	24	11	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	24	12	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	24	13	media	medium	NOUN
stem-8344	24	14	programs	program	NOUN
stem-8344	24	15	found	find	VERB
stem-8344	24	16	no	no	DET
stem-8344	24	17	significant	significant	ADJ
stem-8344	24	18	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
stem-8344	24	19	differences	difference	NOUN
stem-8344	24	20	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	24	21	cq	cq	NOUN
stem-8344	24	22	gains	gain	NOUN
stem-8344	24	23	between	between	ADP
stem-8344	24	24	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	24	25	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	24	26	videoconferencing	videoconferencing	NOUN
stem-8344	24	27	groups	group	NOUN
stem-8344	24	28	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	29	post	post	ADJ
stem-8344	24	30	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	24	31	course	course	NOUN
stem-8344	24	32	means	mean	VERB
stem-8344	24	33	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	34	4.36/5.0	4.36/5.0	NUM
stem-8344	24	35	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	36	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	37	but	but	CCONJ
stem-8344	24	38	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
stem-8344	24	39	data	datum	NOUN
stem-8344	24	40	revealed	reveal	VERB
stem-8344	24	41	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	24	42	's	's	PART
stem-8344	24	43	value	value	NOUN
stem-8344	24	44	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	24	45	fostering	foster	VERB
stem-8344	24	46	motivation	motivation	NOUN
stem-8344	24	47	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	24	48	perspective	perspective	NOUN
stem-8344	24	49	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	50	taking	taking	NOUN
stem-8344	24	51	through	through	ADP
stem-8344	24	52	avatar	avatar	NOUN
stem-8344	24	53	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	54	based	base	VERB
stem-8344	24	55	role	role	NOUN
stem-8344	24	56	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	24	57	plays	play	NOUN
stem-8344	24	58	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	25	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
stem-8344	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	25	3	a	a	DET
stem-8344	25	4	2021	2021	NUM
stem-8344	25	5	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	25	6	involving	involve	VERB
stem-8344	25	7	22	22	NUM
stem-8344	25	8	canadian	canadian	ADJ
stem-8344	25	9	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	25	10	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	25	11	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	25	12	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	25	13	using	use	VERB
stem-8344	25	14	360	360	NUM
stem-8344	25	15	°	°	NOUN
stem-8344	25	16	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	25	17	to	to	PART
stem-8344	25	18	create	create	VERB
stem-8344	25	19	languageculture	languageculture	ADJ
stem-8344	25	20	environments	environment	NOUN
stem-8344	25	21	reported	report	VERB
stem-8344	25	22	increased	increase	VERB
stem-8344	25	23	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
stem-8344	25	24	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	25	25	designing	design	VERB
stem-8344	25	26	immersive	immersive	NOUN
stem-8344	25	27	lessons	lesson	NOUN
stem-8344	25	28	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	25	29	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	25	30	participants	participant	NOUN
stem-8344	25	31	noting	note	VERB
stem-8344	25	32	enhanced	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	25	33	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	25	34	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
stem-8344	25	35	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	26	1	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	26	2	english	english	PROPN
stem-8344	26	3	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	26	4	teaching	teaching	NOUN
stem-8344	26	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	26	6	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	26	7	promotes	promote	VERB
stem-8344	26	8	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	26	9	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	26	10	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	26	11	simulating	simulate	VERB
stem-8344	26	12	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	26	13	interactions	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	26	14	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	1	a	a	DET
stem-8344	27	2	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	27	3	initiative	initiative	NOUN
stem-8344	27	4	at	at	ADP
stem-8344	27	5	temple	temple	PROPN
stem-8344	27	6	university	university	PROPN
stem-8344	27	7	used	use	VERB
stem-8344	27	8	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	27	9	to	to	PART
stem-8344	27	10	train	train	VERB
stem-8344	27	11	culturally	culturally	ADV
stem-8344	27	12	responsive	responsive	ADJ
stem-8344	27	13	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	27	14	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	15	exposing	expose	VERB
stem-8344	27	16	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	27	17	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	27	18	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	27	19	educators	educator	NOUN
stem-8344	27	20	to	to	PART
stem-8344	27	21	socio	socio	VERB
stem-8344	27	22	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	23	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	27	24	contexts	contexts	NOUN
stem-8344	27	25	via	via	ADP
stem-8344	27	26	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	27	27	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	27	28	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	27	29	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	30	resulting	result	VERB
stem-8344	27	31	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	27	32	25	25	NUM
stem-8344	27	33	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	27	34	higher	high	ADJ
stem-8344	27	35	self	self	NOUN
stem-8344	27	36	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	37	reported	report	VERB
stem-8344	27	38	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	27	39	scores	score	NOUN
stem-8344	27	40	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	41	temple	temple	PROPN
stem-8344	27	42	university	university	NOUN
stem-8344	27	43	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	44	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	27	45	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	27	46	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	1	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	28	2	chinese	chinese	PROPN
stem-8344	28	3	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	28	4	a	a	DET
stem-8344	28	5	second	second	ADJ
stem-8344	28	6	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	28	7	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	8	a	a	DET
stem-8344	28	9	blended	blend	VERB
stem-8344	28	10	svvr	svvr	NOUN
stem-8344	28	11	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	12	spherical	spherical	ADJ
stem-8344	28	13	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	28	14	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	15	approach	approach	NOUN
stem-8344	28	16	improved	improve	VERB
stem-8344	28	17	cross	cross	ADJ
stem-8344	28	18	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	28	19	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	28	20	interaction	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	28	21	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	28	22	among	among	ADP
stem-8344	28	23	preservice	preservice	NOUN
stem-8344	28	24	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	28	25	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	26	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	28	27	experimental	experimental	ADJ
stem-8344	28	28	groups	group	NOUN
stem-8344	28	29	outperforming	outperform	VERB
stem-8344	28	30	controls	control	NOUN
stem-8344	28	31	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	28	32	18	18	NUM
stem-8344	28	33	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	28	34	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	28	35	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	28	36	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
stem-8344	28	37	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	38	sage	sage	NOUN
stem-8344	28	39	journals	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	28	40	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	41	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	28	42	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	28	43	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	1	challenges	challenge	NOUN
stem-8344	29	2	include	include	VERB
stem-8344	29	3	equity	equity	NOUN
stem-8344	29	4	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	5	access	access	NOUN
stem-8344	29	6	to	to	ADP
stem-8344	29	7	head	head	NOUN
stem-8344	29	8	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	9	mounted	mount	VERB
stem-8344	29	10	displays	display	NOUN
stem-8344	29	11	remains	remain	VERB
stem-8344	29	12	limited	limited	ADJ
stem-8344	29	13	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	29	14	developing	develop	VERB
stem-8344	29	15	contexts	context	NOUN
stem-8344	29	16	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	17	though	though	SCONJ
stem-8344	29	18	desktop	desktop	NOUN
stem-8344	29	19	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	20	based	base	VERB
stem-8344	29	21	social	social	ADJ
stem-8344	29	22	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	29	23	mitigates	mitigate	NOUN
stem-8344	29	24	this	this	PRON
stem-8344	29	25	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	26	springer	springer	NOUN
stem-8344	29	27	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	28	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	29	29	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	29	30	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	1	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
stem-8344	30	2	underpinnings	underpinning	NOUN
stem-8344	30	3	draw	draw	VERB
stem-8344	30	4	from	from	ADP
stem-8344	30	5	experiential	experiential	ADJ
stem-8344	30	6	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	30	7	theory	theory	NOUN
stem-8344	30	8	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	9	kolb	kolb	PROPN
stem-8344	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	11	1984	1984	NUM
stem-8344	30	12	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	14	where	where	SCONJ
stem-8344	30	15	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	30	16	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
stem-8344	30	17	concrete	concrete	ADJ
stem-8344	30	18	experiences	experience	NOUN
stem-8344	30	19	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	30	20	reflective	reflective	ADJ
stem-8344	30	21	observation	observation	NOUN
stem-8344	30	22	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	23	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	30	24	byram	byram	PROPN
stem-8344	30	25	's	's	PART
stem-8344	30	26	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	30	27	model	model	NOUN
stem-8344	30	28	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	29	1997	1997	NUM
stem-8344	30	30	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	31	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	32	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
stem-8344	30	33	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
stem-8344	30	34	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	35	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	30	36	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	30	37	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	30	38	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
stem-8344	30	39	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	31	1	gaps	gap	NOUN
stem-8344	31	2	persist	persist	VERB
stem-8344	31	3	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	31	4	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
stem-8344	31	5	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	31	6	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	31	7	non	non	ADJ
stem-8344	31	8	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	31	9	western	western	ADJ
stem-8344	31	10	contexts	context	NOUN
stem-8344	31	11	;	;	PUNCT
stem-8344	31	12	this	this	DET
stem-8344	31	13	article	article	NOUN
stem-8344	31	14	addresses	address	VERB
stem-8344	31	15	them	they	PRON
stem-8344	31	16	through	through	ADP
stem-8344	31	17	a	a	DET
stem-8344	31	18	synthesized	synthesize	VERB
stem-8344	31	19	framework	framework	NOUN
stem-8344	31	20	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	32	1	methodology	methodology	NOUN
stem-8344	32	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	1	this	this	DET
stem-8344	33	2	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	33	3	adopts	adopt	VERB
stem-8344	33	4	a	a	DET
stem-8344	33	5	systematic	systematic	ADJ
stem-8344	33	6	literature	literature	NOUN
stem-8344	33	7	review	review	NOUN
stem-8344	33	8	methodology	methodology	NOUN
stem-8344	33	9	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	10	synthesizing	synthesize	VERB
stem-8344	33	11	25	25	NUM
stem-8344	33	12	peerreviewed	peerreviewed	ADJ
stem-8344	33	13	articles	article	NOUN
stem-8344	33	14	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	15	2017–2025	2017–2025	NUM
stem-8344	33	16	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	17	from	from	ADP
stem-8344	33	18	databases	database	NOUN
stem-8344	33	19	like	like	ADP
stem-8344	33	20	scopus	scopus	PROPN
stem-8344	33	21	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	22	eric	eric	PROPN
stem-8344	33	23	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	24	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	33	25	google	google	PROPN
stem-8344	33	26	scholar	scholar	NOUN
stem-8344	33	27	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	28	using	use	VERB
stem-8344	33	29	keywords	keyword	NOUN
stem-8344	33	30	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	31	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	32	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	33	33	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	33	34	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	35	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	36	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	37	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	33	38	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	33	39	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	40	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	41	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	42	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	33	43	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	33	44	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	33	45	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	33	46	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	47	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	48	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	33	49	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	50	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	33	51	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	33	52	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	33	53	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	34	1	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
stem-8344	34	2	criteria	criterion	NOUN
stem-8344	34	3	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	34	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
stem-8344	34	5	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	34	6	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	34	7	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	34	8	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	34	9	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	34	10	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	34	11	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	34	12	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	34	13	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
stem-8344	34	14	;	;	PUNCT
stem-8344	34	15	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
stem-8344	34	16	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	34	17	non	non	ADJ
stem-8344	34	18	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	34	19	educational	educational	ADJ
stem-8344	34	20	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	34	21	applications	application	NOUN
stem-8344	34	22	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	1	data	datum	NOUN
stem-8344	35	2	were	be	AUX
stem-8344	35	3	thematically	thematically	ADV
stem-8344	35	4	analyzed	analyze	VERB
stem-8344	35	5	using	use	VERB
stem-8344	35	6	nvivo	nvivo	NOUN
stem-8344	35	7	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	35	8	emergent	emergent	ADJ
stem-8344	35	9	codes	code	NOUN
stem-8344	35	10	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	11	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
stem-8344	35	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	13	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	35	14	effects	effect	NOUN
stem-8344	35	15	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	16	skill	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	35	17	gains	gain	NOUN
stem-8344	35	18	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	19	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	20	yielding	yield	VERB
stem-8344	35	21	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
stem-8344	35	22	metrics	metric	NOUN
stem-8344	35	23	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
stem-8344	35	25	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	26	effect	effect	NOUN
stem-8344	35	27	sizes	size	NOUN
stem-8344	35	28	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	35	29	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	35	30	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
stem-8344	35	31	insights	insight	NOUN
stem-8344	35	32	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	36	1	a	a	DET
stem-8344	36	2	hypothetical	hypothetical	ADJ
stem-8344	36	3	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	36	4	intervention	intervention	NOUN
stem-8344	36	5	framework	framework	NOUN
stem-8344	36	6	is	be	AUX
stem-8344	36	7	proposed	propose	VERB
stem-8344	36	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	36	9	informed	inform	VERB
stem-8344	36	10	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	36	11	reviewed	review	VERB
stem-8344	36	12	designs	design	NOUN
stem-8344	36	13	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	37	1	results	result	NOUN
stem-8344	37	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	38	1	synthesized	synthesize	VERB
stem-8344	38	2	findings	finding	NOUN
stem-8344	38	3	reveal	reveal	VERB
stem-8344	38	4	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	38	5	's	's	PART
stem-8344	38	6	consistent	consistent	ADJ
stem-8344	38	7	positive	positive	ADJ
stem-8344	38	8	impact	impact	NOUN
stem-8344	38	9	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	38	10	icc	icc	NOUN
stem-8344	38	11	skills	skill	NOUN
stem-8344	38	12	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	1	across	across	ADP
stem-8344	39	2	12	12	NUM
stem-8344	39	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
stem-8344	39	4	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	39	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	6	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	39	7	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	39	8	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	39	9	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	39	10	using	use	VERB
stem-8344	39	11	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	39	12	reported	report	VERB
stem-8344	39	13	20–35	20–35	NUM
stem-8344	39	14	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	39	15	improvements	improvement	NOUN
stem-8344	39	16	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	39	17	cq	cq	PROPN
stem-8344	39	18	subscales	subscale	NOUN
stem-8344	39	19	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	20	motivation	motivation	NOUN
stem-8344	39	21	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	22	metacognition	metacognition	NOUN
stem-8344	39	23	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	24	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	25	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	39	26	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	39	27	correlating	correlate	VERB
stem-8344	39	28	most	most	ADV
stem-8344	39	29	strongly	strongly	ADV
stem-8344	39	30	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	31	r	r	NOUN
stem-8344	39	32	=	=	SYM
stem-8344	39	33	0.72	0.72	NUM
stem-8344	39	34	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	35	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	36	meta	meta	VERB
stem-8344	39	37	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	38	analysis	analysis	NOUN
stem-8344	39	39	from	from	ADP
stem-8344	39	40	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	39	41	review	review	NOUN
stem-8344	39	42	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	39	43	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	40	1	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	40	2	a	a	DET
stem-8344	40	3	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	40	4	social	social	ADJ
stem-8344	40	5	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	40	6	trial	trial	NOUN
stem-8344	40	7	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	40	8	44	44	NUM
stem-8344	40	9	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
stem-8344	40	10	students	student	NOUN
stem-8344	40	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	40	12	both	both	CCONJ
stem-8344	40	13	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	40	14	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	40	15	control	control	NOUN
stem-8344	40	16	groups	group	NOUN
stem-8344	40	17	advanced	advance	VERB
stem-8344	40	18	cq	cq	ADP
stem-8344	40	19	equally	equally	ADV
stem-8344	40	20	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	40	21	but	but	CCONJ
stem-8344	40	22	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	40	23	users	user	NOUN
stem-8344	40	24	rated	rate	VERB
stem-8344	40	25	interaction	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	40	26	realism	realism	NOUN
stem-8344	40	27	higher	higher	ADV
stem-8344	40	28	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	40	29	m	m	PROPN
stem-8344	40	30	=	=	SYM
stem-8344	40	31	4.2/5	4.2/5	PROPN
stem-8344	40	32	vs.	vs.	ADP
stem-8344	40	33	3.5/5	3.5/5	NUM
stem-8344	40	34	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	40	35	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	40	36	enhancing	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	40	37	perceived	perceive	VERB
stem-8344	40	38	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	40	39	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
stem-8344	40	40	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	1	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	41	2	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	41	3	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	4	specific	specific	ADJ
stem-8344	41	5	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	41	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	7	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	41	8	simulations	simulation	NOUN
stem-8344	41	9	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	41	10	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	41	11	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	41	12	yielded	yield	VERB
stem-8344	41	13	28	28	NUM
stem-8344	41	14	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	41	15	gains	gain	NOUN
stem-8344	41	16	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	41	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	41	18	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
stem-8344	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	20	per	per	ADP
stem-8344	41	21	a	a	DET
stem-8344	41	22	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	41	23	u.s	u.s	PROPN
stem-8344	41	24	.	.	PROPN
stem-8344	41	25	study	study	PROPN
stem-8344	41	26	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	27	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	41	28	participants	participant	NOUN
stem-8344	41	29	better	well	ADV
stem-8344	41	30	handling	handle	VERB
stem-8344	41	31	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	41	32	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	33	student	student	NOUN
stem-8344	41	34	"	"	PUNCT
stem-8344	41	35	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
stem-8344	41	36	from	from	ADP
stem-8344	41	37	varied	varied	ADJ
stem-8344	41	38	backgrounds	background	NOUN
stem-8344	41	39	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	42	1	blended	blend	VERB
stem-8344	42	2	svvr	svvr	PROPN
stem-8344	42	3	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	42	4	csl	csl	PROPN
stem-8344	42	5	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	42	6	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	42	7	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	42	8	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	42	9	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	42	10	showed	show	VERB
stem-8344	42	11	experimental	experimental	ADJ
stem-8344	42	12	groups	group	NOUN
stem-8344	42	13	excelling	excel	VERB
stem-8344	42	14	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	42	15	cross	cross	ADJ
stem-8344	42	16	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	42	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	42	18	dialogues	dialogue	NOUN
stem-8344	42	19	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	42	20	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	42	21	85	85	NUM
stem-8344	42	22	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	42	23	reporting	reporting	NOUN
stem-8344	42	24	heightened	heighten	VERB
stem-8344	42	25	empathy	empathy	NOUN
stem-8344	42	26	versus	versus	ADP
stem-8344	42	27	60	60	NUM
stem-8344	42	28	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	42	29	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	42	30	traditional	traditional	ADJ
stem-8344	42	31	groups	group	NOUN
stem-8344	42	32	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	43	1	150	150	NUM
stem-8344	43	2	american	american	ADJ
stem-8344	43	3	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	43	4	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	43	5	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	43	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
stem-8344	43	8	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	43	9	learning	learn	VERB
stem-8344	43	10	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	43	11	stem	stem	NOUN
stem-8344	43	12	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	43	13	www	www	PROPN
stem-8344	43	14	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	44	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
stem-8344	44	2	table	table	NOUN
stem-8344	44	3	1	1	NUM
stem-8344	44	4	summarizes	summarize	NOUN
stem-8344	44	5	key	key	ADJ
stem-8344	44	6	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	44	7	'	'	PART
stem-8344	44	8	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
stem-8344	44	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	1	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	45	2	sample	sample	NOUN
stem-8344	45	3	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	4	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	45	5	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	45	6	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	45	7	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	45	8	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	9	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	45	10	type	type	NOUN
stem-8344	45	11	key	key	ADJ
stem-8344	45	12	icc	icc	NOUN
stem-8344	45	13	outcome	outcome	NOUN
stem-8344	45	14	effect	effect	NOUN
stem-8344	45	15	size	size	NOUN
stem-8344	45	16	/	/	SYM
stem-8344	45	17	improvemen	improveman	NOUN
stem-8344	45	18	t	t	NOUN
stem-8344	45	19	springer	springer	NOUN
stem-8344	45	20	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	21	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	45	22	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	23	44	44	NUM
stem-8344	45	24	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	25	media	media	NOUN
stem-8344	45	26	/	/	SYM
stem-8344	45	27	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	45	28	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	29	social	social	ADJ
stem-8344	45	30	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	45	31	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	32	mozilla	mozilla	PROPN
stem-8344	45	33	hubs	hubs	PROPN
stem-8344	45	34	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	45	35	cq	cq	NOUN
stem-8344	46	1	motivation	motivation	NOUN
stem-8344	46	2	↑	↑	INTJ
stem-8344	46	3	no	no	DET
stem-8344	46	4	sig	sig	NOUN
stem-8344	46	5	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	6	diff	diff	PROPN
stem-8344	46	7	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	8	;	;	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	9	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
stem-8344	46	10	+	+	X
stem-8344	46	11	mdpi	mdpi	X
stem-8344	46	12	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	13	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	46	14	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	15	review	review	NOUN
stem-8344	46	16	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	17	n=50	n=50	ADJ
stem-8344	46	18	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	46	19	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	20	immersive/360	immersive/360	NOUN
stem-8344	46	21	°	°	NUM
stem-8344	46	22	empathy	empathy	NOUN
stem-8344	46	23	&	&	CCONJ
stem-8344	46	24	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
stem-8344	46	25	↑	↑	PROPN
stem-8344	46	26	r=0.72	r=0.72	PRON
stem-8344	46	27	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	28	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	46	29	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	30	irrodl	irrodl	PROPN
stem-8344	46	31	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	46	32	n.d	n.d	PROPN
stem-8344	46	33	.	.	PROPN
stem-8344	46	34	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	1	60	60	NUM
stem-8344	47	2	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	3	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	47	4	learners	learner	NOUN
stem-8344	47	5	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	6	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	47	7	learning	learn	VERB
stem-8344	47	8	activity	activity	NOUN
stem-8344	47	9	communicativ	communicativ	NOUN
stem-8344	47	10	e	e	PROPN
stem-8344	47	11	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	47	12	↑	↑	NOUN
stem-8344	47	13	25	25	NUM
stem-8344	47	14	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	47	15	gain	gain	NOUN
stem-8344	47	16	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	47	17	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	47	18	scores	score	NOUN
stem-8344	47	19	researchgat	researchgat	ADJ
stem-8344	47	20	e	e	X
stem-8344	47	21	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	22	2021	2021	NUM
stem-8344	47	23	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	24	22	22	NUM
stem-8344	47	25	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	26	canadian	canadian	PROPN
stem-8344	47	27	english	english	PROPN
stem-8344	47	28	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	29	360	360	NUM
stem-8344	47	30	°	°	PROPN
stem-8344	47	31	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	47	32	creation	creation	NOUN
stem-8344	47	33	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	47	34	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
stem-8344	47	35	↑	↑	PROPN
stem-8344	47	36	30	30	NUM
stem-8344	47	37	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	47	38	self	self	NOUN
stem-8344	47	39	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	40	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
stem-8344	47	41	boost	boost	NOUN
stem-8344	47	42	temple	temple	NOUN
stem-8344	47	43	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	44	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	47	45	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	46	50	50	NUM
stem-8344	47	47	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	48	u.s	u.s	PROPN
stem-8344	47	49	.	.	PROPN
stem-8344	47	50	english	english	PROPN
stem-8344	47	51	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	52	culturally	culturally	ADV
stem-8344	47	53	responsive	responsive	ADJ
stem-8344	47	54	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	47	55	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	47	56	readiness	readiness	PROPN
stem-8344	47	57	↑	↑	PROPN
stem-8344	47	58	25	25	NUM
stem-8344	47	59	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	47	60	icc	icc	NOUN
stem-8344	47	61	score	score	NOUN
stem-8344	47	62	increase	increase	NOUN
stem-8344	47	63	table	table	NOUN
stem-8344	47	64	1	1	NUM
stem-8344	47	65	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	66	summary	summary	NOUN
stem-8344	47	67	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	47	68	selected	select	VERB
stem-8344	47	69	studies	study	NOUN
stem-8344	47	70	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	47	71	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	47	72	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	47	73	icc	icc	PROPN
stem-8344	47	74	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	47	75	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	47	76	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	47	77	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	47	78	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	47	79	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	47	80	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	81	2017	2017	NUM
stem-8344	47	82	–	–	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	83	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	47	84	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	47	85	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	48	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
stem-8344	48	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	1	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	49	2	's	's	PART
stem-8344	49	3	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
stem-8344	49	4	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	49	5	enhancing	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	49	6	icc	icc	NOUN
stem-8344	49	7	stems	stem	VERB
stem-8344	49	8	from	from	ADP
stem-8344	49	9	its	its	PRON
stem-8344	49	10	triadic	triadic	ADJ
stem-8344	49	11	features	feature	NOUN
stem-8344	49	12	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	13	immersion	immersion	NOUN
stem-8344	49	14	evokes	evoke	VERB
stem-8344	49	15	emotional	emotional	ADJ
stem-8344	49	16	responses	response	NOUN
stem-8344	49	17	akin	akin	ADJ
stem-8344	49	18	to	to	ADP
stem-8344	49	19	real	real	ADJ
stem-8344	49	20	encounters	encounter	NOUN
stem-8344	49	21	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	22	interaction	interaction	NOUN
stem-8344	49	23	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	49	24	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	49	25	avatars	avatar	NOUN
stem-8344	49	26	builds	build	VERB
stem-8344	49	27	active	active	ADJ
stem-8344	49	28	listening	listening	NOUN
stem-8344	49	29	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	49	30	non	non	ADJ
stem-8344	49	31	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	49	32	verbal	verbal	ADJ
stem-8344	49	33	cues	cue	NOUN
stem-8344	49	34	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	35	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	49	36	imagination	imagination	NOUN
stem-8344	49	37	allows	allow	VERB
stem-8344	49	38	safe	safe	ADJ
stem-8344	49	39	experimentation	experimentation	NOUN
stem-8344	49	40	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	49	41	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	49	42	faux	faux	ADJ
stem-8344	49	43	pas	pas	NOUN
stem-8344	49	44	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	45	mdpi	mdpi	PROPN
stem-8344	49	46	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	47	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	49	48	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	49	49	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	50	1	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	50	2	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	50	3	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	50	4	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	50	5	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	50	6	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	50	7	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	50	8	this	this	PRON
stem-8344	50	9	translates	translate	VERB
stem-8344	50	10	to	to	ADP
stem-8344	50	11	improved	improved	ADJ
stem-8344	50	12	lesson	lesson	NOUN
stem-8344	50	13	adaptation	adaptation	NOUN
stem-8344	50	14	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	50	15	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
stem-8344	50	16	classes	class	NOUN
stem-8344	50	17	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	50	18	as	as	SCONJ
stem-8344	50	19	evidenced	evidence	VERB
stem-8344	50	20	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	50	21	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	50	22	simulations	simulation	NOUN
stem-8344	50	23	where	where	SCONJ
stem-8344	50	24	participants	participant	NOUN
stem-8344	50	25	resolved	resolve	VERB
stem-8344	50	26	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	50	27	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
stem-8344	50	28	40	40	NUM
stem-8344	50	29	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	50	30	faster	fast	ADJ
stem-8344	50	31	post	post	NOUN
stem-8344	50	32	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	50	33	training	training	ADJ
stem-8344	50	34	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	50	35	temple	temple	PROPN
stem-8344	50	36	university	university	NOUN
stem-8344	50	37	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	50	38	2023	2023	NUM
stem-8344	50	39	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	50	40	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	1	challenges	challenge	NOUN
stem-8344	51	2	include	include	VERB
stem-8344	51	3	equity	equity	NOUN
stem-8344	51	4	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	5	high	high	ADJ
stem-8344	51	6	costs	cost	NOUN
stem-8344	51	7	limit	limit	VERB
stem-8344	51	8	access	access	NOUN
stem-8344	51	9	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	51	10	developing	develop	VERB
stem-8344	51	11	regions	region	NOUN
stem-8344	51	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	13	though	though	SCONJ
stem-8344	51	14	desktop	desktop	NOUN
stem-8344	51	15	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	51	16	mitigates	mitigate	VERB
stem-8344	51	17	this	this	PRON
stem-8344	51	18	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	19	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	51	20	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	51	21	the	the	DET
stem-8344	51	22	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	51	23	ilmenau	ilmenau	PROPN
stem-8344	51	24	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	51	25	where	where	SCONJ
stem-8344	51	26	familiarity	familiarity	NOUN
stem-8344	51	27	gaps	gap	NOUN
stem-8344	51	28	were	be	AUX
stem-8344	51	29	overcome	overcome	VERB
stem-8344	51	30	via	via	ADP
stem-8344	51	31	acclimatization	acclimatization	NOUN
stem-8344	51	32	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	33	springer	springer	NOUN
stem-8344	51	34	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	35	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	51	36	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	51	37	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	1	cognitively	cognitively	ADV
stem-8344	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	3	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	52	4	reduces	reduce	VERB
stem-8344	52	5	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
stem-8344	52	6	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	7	cortisol	cortisol	NOUN
stem-8344	52	8	↓15	↓15	PROPN
stem-8344	52	9	%	%	NOUN
stem-8344	52	10	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	12	enabling	enable	VERB
stem-8344	52	13	reflective	reflective	ADJ
stem-8344	52	14	practice	practice	NOUN
stem-8344	52	15	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	16	kolb	kolb	PROPN
stem-8344	52	17	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	18	1984	1984	NUM
stem-8344	52	19	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	52	20	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	53	1	culturally	culturally	ADV
stem-8344	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	53	3	it	it	PRON
stem-8344	53	4	counters	counter	VERB
stem-8344	53	5	ethnocentrism	ethnocentrism	NOUN
stem-8344	53	6	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	53	7	exposing	expose	VERB
stem-8344	53	8	users	user	NOUN
stem-8344	53	9	to	to	ADP
stem-8344	53	10	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	53	11	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
stem-8344	53	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	53	13	vital	vital	ADJ
stem-8344	53	14	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	53	15	english	english	PROPN
stem-8344	53	16	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	53	17	a	a	DET
stem-8344	53	18	lingua	lingua	X
stem-8344	53	19	franca	franca	NOUN
stem-8344	53	20	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	54	1	implications	implication	NOUN
stem-8344	54	2	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	54	3	integrate	integrate	VERB
stem-8344	54	4	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	54	5	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	54	6	curricula	curricula	NOUN
stem-8344	54	7	via	via	ADP
stem-8344	54	8	low	low	ADJ
stem-8344	54	9	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	54	10	cost	cost	NOUN
stem-8344	54	11	platforms	platform	NOUN
stem-8344	54	12	;	;	PUNCT
stem-8344	54	13	train	train	NOUN
stem-8344	54	14	educators	educator	NOUN
stem-8344	54	15	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	54	16	facilitation	facilitation	NOUN
stem-8344	54	17	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	55	1	future	future	ADJ
stem-8344	55	2	research	research	NOUN
stem-8344	55	3	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	55	4	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
stem-8344	55	5	rcts	rct	NOUN
stem-8344	55	6	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	55	7	non	non	ADJ
stem-8344	55	8	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	55	9	western	western	ADJ
stem-8344	55	10	contexts	contexts	NOUN
stem-8344	55	11	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	56	1	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
stem-8344	56	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	57	1	this	this	DET
stem-8344	57	2	study	study	NOUN
stem-8344	57	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
stem-8344	57	4	the	the	DET
stem-8344	57	5	transformative	transformative	ADJ
stem-8344	57	6	potential	potential	NOUN
stem-8344	57	7	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	57	8	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	57	9	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	57	10	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	57	11	fostering	foster	VERB
stem-8344	57	12	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	57	13	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	57	14	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	57	15	among	among	ADP
stem-8344	57	16	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	57	17	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	57	18	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	57	19	english	english	ADJ
stem-8344	57	20	teachers	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	57	21	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	58	1	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	58	2	providing	provide	VERB
stem-8344	58	3	immersive	immersive	NOUN
stem-8344	58	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	58	5	interactive	interactive	ADJ
stem-8344	58	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	58	7	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	58	8	imaginative	imaginative	ADJ
stem-8344	58	9	environments	environment	NOUN
stem-8344	58	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	58	11	vr	vr	PROPN
stem-8344	58	12	enables	enable	VERB
stem-8344	58	13	authentic	authentic	ADJ
stem-8344	58	14	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	58	15	encounters	encounter	NOUN
stem-8344	58	16	that	that	SCONJ
stem-8344	58	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
stem-8344	58	18	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
stem-8344	58	19	methods	method	NOUN
stem-8344	58	20	can	can	AUX
stem-8344	58	21	not	not	PART
stem-8344	58	22	fully	fully	ADV
stem-8344	58	23	replicate	replicate	VERB
stem-8344	58	24	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	59	1	the	the	DET
stem-8344	59	2	synthesis	synthesis	NOUN
stem-8344	59	3	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	59	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
stem-8344	59	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
stem-8344	59	6	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
stem-8344	59	7	measurable	measurable	ADJ
stem-8344	59	8	gains	gain	NOUN
stem-8344	59	9	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	59	10	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	59	11	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
stem-8344	59	12	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	59	13	empathy	empathy	NOUN
stem-8344	59	14	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	59	15	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	59	16	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	59	17	adaptability	adaptability	NOUN
stem-8344	59	18	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	59	19	highlighting	highlight	VERB
stem-8344	59	20	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	59	21	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	59	22	an	an	DET
stem-8344	59	23	effective	effective	ADJ
stem-8344	59	24	tool	tool	NOUN
stem-8344	59	25	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	59	26	preparing	prepare	VERB
stem-8344	59	27	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	59	28	trainees	trainee	NOUN
stem-8344	59	29	to	to	PART
stem-8344	59	30	navigate	navigate	VERB
stem-8344	59	31	multicultural	multicultural	ADJ
stem-8344	59	32	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	59	33	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	1	at	at	ADP
stem-8344	60	2	the	the	DET
stem-8344	60	3	same	same	ADJ
stem-8344	60	4	time	time	NOUN
stem-8344	60	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
stem-8344	60	7	such	such	ADJ
stem-8344	60	8	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	60	9	technological	technological	ADJ
stem-8344	60	10	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
stem-8344	60	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	12	cost	cost	NOUN
stem-8344	60	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	14	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	60	15	instructor	instructor	NOUN
stem-8344	60	16	readiness	readiness	NOUN
stem-8344	60	17	present	present	ADJ
stem-8344	60	18	barriers	barrier	NOUN
stem-8344	60	19	to	to	ADP
stem-8344	60	20	wide	wide	ADJ
stem-8344	60	21	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	22	scale	scale	NOUN
stem-8344	60	23	adoption	adoption	NOUN
stem-8344	60	24	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	25	especially	especially	ADV
stem-8344	60	26	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	60	27	resource	resource	NOUN
stem-8344	60	28	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	60	29	limited	limit	VERB
stem-8344	60	30	contexts	contexts	NOUN
stem-8344	60	31	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	61	1	addressing	address	VERB
stem-8344	61	2	these	these	DET
stem-8344	61	3	issues	issue	NOUN
stem-8344	61	4	through	through	ADP
stem-8344	61	5	scalable	scalable	ADJ
stem-8344	61	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	61	7	low	low	ADJ
stem-8344	61	8	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	61	9	cost	cost	NOUN
stem-8344	61	10	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	61	11	platforms	platform	NOUN
stem-8344	61	12	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	61	13	targeted	target	VERB
stem-8344	61	14	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	61	15	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	61	16	can	can	AUX
stem-8344	61	17	ensure	ensure	VERB
stem-8344	61	18	more	more	ADV
stem-8344	61	19	equitable	equitable	ADJ
stem-8344	61	20	integration	integration	NOUN
stem-8344	61	21	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	61	22	immersive	immersive	ADJ
stem-8344	61	23	technologies	technology	NOUN
stem-8344	61	24	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	61	25	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	61	26	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	61	27	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	62	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
stem-8344	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	62	3	vr	vr	INTJ
stem-8344	62	4	not	not	PART
stem-8344	62	5	only	only	ADV
stem-8344	62	6	enhances	enhance	VERB
stem-8344	62	7	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	62	8	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	62	9	but	but	CCONJ
stem-8344	62	10	also	also	ADV
stem-8344	62	11	aligns	align	VERB
stem-8344	62	12	with	with	ADP
stem-8344	62	13	broader	broad	ADJ
stem-8344	62	14	goals	goal	NOUN
stem-8344	62	15	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	62	16	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	62	17	readiness	readiness	NOUN
stem-8344	62	18	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	62	19	inclusivity	inclusivity	NOUN
stem-8344	62	20	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	62	21	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	62	22	experiential	experiential	ADJ
stem-8344	62	23	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	62	24	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	62	25	higher	high	ADJ
stem-8344	62	26	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	62	27	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	63	1	as	as	SCONJ
stem-8344	63	2	english	english	PROPN
stem-8344	63	3	continues	continue	VERB
stem-8344	63	4	to	to	PART
stem-8344	63	5	serve	serve	VERB
stem-8344	63	6	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	63	7	a	a	DET
stem-8344	63	8	lingua	lingua	X
stem-8344	63	9	franca	franca	NOUN
stem-8344	63	10	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	63	11	diverse	diverse	ADJ
stem-8344	63	12	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	63	13	contexts	contexts	NOUN
stem-8344	63	14	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	63	15	embedding	embed	VERB
stem-8344	63	16	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	63	17	into	into	ADP
stem-8344	63	18	pre	pre	ADJ
stem-8344	63	19	-	-	ADJ
stem-8344	63	20	service	service	ADJ
stem-8344	63	21	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	63	22	curricula	curricula	NOUN
stem-8344	63	23	offers	offer	VERB
stem-8344	63	24	a	a	DET
stem-8344	63	25	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
stem-8344	63	26	pathway	pathway	NOUN
stem-8344	63	27	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	63	28	cultivating	cultivate	VERB
stem-8344	63	29	reflective	reflective	ADJ
stem-8344	63	30	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	63	31	culturally	culturally	ADV
stem-8344	63	32	responsive	responsive	ADJ
stem-8344	63	33	educators	educator	NOUN
stem-8344	63	34	capable	capable	ADJ
stem-8344	63	35	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	63	36	meeting	meet	VERB
stem-8344	63	37	the	the	DET
stem-8344	63	38	demands	demand	NOUN
stem-8344	63	39	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	63	40	21st	21st	ADJ
stem-8344	63	41	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	63	42	century	century	NOUN
stem-8344	63	43	classrooms	classroom	NOUN
stem-8344	63	44	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	64	1	future	future	ADJ
stem-8344	64	2	research	research	NOUN
stem-8344	64	3	should	should	AUX
stem-8344	64	4	explore	explore	VERB
stem-8344	64	5	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
stem-8344	64	6	effects	effect	NOUN
stem-8344	64	7	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	64	8	comparative	comparative	ADJ
stem-8344	64	9	interventions	intervention	NOUN
stem-8344	64	10	across	across	ADP
stem-8344	64	11	global	global	ADJ
stem-8344	64	12	regions	region	NOUN
stem-8344	64	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	64	14	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	64	15	the	the	DET
stem-8344	64	16	development	development	NOUN
stem-8344	64	17	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	64	18	context	context	NOUN
stem-8344	64	19	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	64	20	specific	specific	ADJ
stem-8344	64	21	vr	vr	NOUN
stem-8344	64	22	applications	application	NOUN
stem-8344	64	23	to	to	PART
stem-8344	64	24	ensure	ensure	VERB
stem-8344	64	25	that	that	SCONJ
stem-8344	64	26	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	64	27	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	64	28	training	training	NOUN
stem-8344	64	29	remains	remain	VERB
stem-8344	64	30	both	both	CCONJ
stem-8344	64	31	effective	effective	ADJ
stem-8344	64	32	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	64	33	accessible	accessible	ADJ
stem-8344	64	34	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	65	1	151	151	NUM
stem-8344	65	2	american	american	ADJ
stem-8344	65	3	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	65	4	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	65	5	language	language	NOUN
stem-8344	65	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	65	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
stem-8344	65	8	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	65	9	learning	learn	VERB
stem-8344	65	10	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	65	11	stem	stem	NOUN
stem-8344	65	12	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	65	13	www	www	PROPN
stem-8344	65	14	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	66	1	grnjournal.us	grnjournal.us	X
stem-8344	66	2	references	reference	NOUN
stem-8344	66	3	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	66	4	1	1	NUM
stem-8344	66	5	.	.	X
stem-8344	66	6	aikhenvald	aikhenvald	NOUN
stem-8344	66	7	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	66	8	a.	a.	PROPN
stem-8344	66	9	y.	y.	PROPN
stem-8344	66	10	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	66	11	2004	2004	NUM
stem-8344	66	12	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	66	13	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	67	1	evidentiality	evidentiality	PROPN
stem-8344	67	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	68	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
stem-8344	68	2	university	university	PROPN
stem-8344	68	3	press	press	NOUN
stem-8344	68	4	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	69	1	2	2	X
stem-8344	69	2	.	.	X
stem-8344	69	3	baddeley	baddeley	PROPN
stem-8344	69	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	69	5	a.	a.	NOUN
stem-8344	69	6	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	69	7	2003	2003	NUM
stem-8344	69	8	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	69	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	70	1	working	work	VERB
stem-8344	70	2	memory	memory	NOUN
stem-8344	70	3	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	70	4	looking	look	VERB
stem-8344	70	5	back	back	ADV
stem-8344	70	6	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	70	7	looking	look	VERB
stem-8344	70	8	forward	forward	ADV
stem-8344	70	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	71	1	nature	nature	NOUN
stem-8344	71	2	reviews	review	VERB
stem-8344	71	3	neuroscience	neuroscience	NOUN
stem-8344	71	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	71	5	4(10	4(10	NUM
stem-8344	71	6	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	71	7	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	71	8	829–839	829–839	NUM
stem-8344	71	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	72	1	https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1201	https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1201	VERB
stem-8344	72	2	3	3	NUM
stem-8344	72	3	.	.	X
stem-8344	72	4	byram	byram	PROPN
stem-8344	72	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	72	6	m.	m.	NOUN
stem-8344	72	7	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	72	8	1997	1997	NUM
stem-8344	72	9	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	72	10	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	73	1	teaching	teaching	NOUN
stem-8344	73	2	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	73	3	assessing	assess	VERB
stem-8344	73	4	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	73	5	communicative	communicative	ADJ
stem-8344	73	6	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	73	7	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	74	1	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ
stem-8344	74	2	matters	matter	NOUN
stem-8344	74	3	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	1	4	4	X
stem-8344	75	2	.	.	X
stem-8344	75	3	horbach	horbach	PROPN
stem-8344	75	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	5	j.	j.	PROPN
stem-8344	75	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	7	rammer	rammer	NOUN
stem-8344	75	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	9	c.	c.	PROPN
stem-8344	75	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	11	&	&	CCONJ
stem-8344	75	12	rennings	renning	NOUN
stem-8344	75	13	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	14	k.	k.	PROPN
stem-8344	75	15	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	16	2012	2012	NUM
stem-8344	75	17	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	75	18	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	76	1	determinants	determinant	NOUN
stem-8344	76	2	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	76	3	eco	eco	PROPN
stem-8344	76	4	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	76	5	innovations	innovation	NOUN
stem-8344	76	6	by	by	ADP
stem-8344	76	7	type	type	NOUN
stem-8344	76	8	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	76	9	environmental	environmental	ADJ
stem-8344	76	10	impact	impact	NOUN
stem-8344	76	11	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	77	1	ecological	ecological	ADJ
stem-8344	77	2	economics	economic	NOUN
stem-8344	77	3	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	77	4	78	78	NUM
stem-8344	77	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	77	6	112–122	112–122	NUM
stem-8344	77	7	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	78	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.005	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.005	PROPN
stem-8344	78	2	5	5	NUM
stem-8344	78	3	.	.	X
stem-8344	78	4	johanson	johanson	PROPN
stem-8344	78	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	78	6	l.	l.	PROPN
stem-8344	78	7	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	78	8	1998	1998	NUM
stem-8344	78	9	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	78	10	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	79	1	the	the	DET
stem-8344	79	2	structure	structure	NOUN
stem-8344	79	3	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	79	4	turkic	turkic	PROPN
stem-8344	79	5	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	80	1	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	80	2	l.	l.	PROPN
stem-8344	80	3	johanson	johanson	PROPN
stem-8344	80	4	&	&	CCONJ
stem-8344	80	5	é	é	PROPN
stem-8344	80	6	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	1	á	á	X
stem-8344	81	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	3	csató	csató	PROPN
stem-8344	81	4	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	5	eds	ed	NOUN
stem-8344	81	6	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	7	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	9	the	the	DET
stem-8344	81	10	turkic	turkic	PROPN
stem-8344	81	11	languages	language	NOUN
stem-8344	81	12	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	13	pp	pp	ADJ
stem-8344	81	14	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	15	30–66	30–66	NUM
stem-8344	81	16	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	81	17	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	82	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
stem-8344	82	2	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	83	1	6	6	X
stem-8344	83	2	.	.	X
stem-8344	83	3	kammerer	kammerer	PROPN
stem-8344	83	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	83	5	d.	d.	PROPN
stem-8344	83	6	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	83	7	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	83	8	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	83	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	84	1	eco	eco	PROPN
stem-8344	84	2	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	84	3	innovation	innovation	NOUN
stem-8344	84	4	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	84	5	firm	firm	ADJ
stem-8344	84	6	performance	performance	NOUN
stem-8344	84	7	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	84	8	a	a	DET
stem-8344	84	9	meta	meta	ADJ
stem-8344	84	10	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	84	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
stem-8344	84	12	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	85	1	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	85	2	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	85	3	cleaner	clean	ADJ
stem-8344	85	4	production	production	NOUN
stem-8344	85	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	85	6	450	450	NUM
stem-8344	85	7	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	85	8	141–152	141–152	NUM
stem-8344	85	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	86	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141	PROPN
stem-8344	86	2	7	7	NUM
stem-8344	86	3	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	87	1	kolb	kolb	PROPN
stem-8344	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	87	3	d.	d.	PROPN
stem-8344	87	4	a.	a.	PROPN
stem-8344	87	5	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	87	6	1984	1984	NUM
stem-8344	87	7	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	87	8	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	88	1	experiential	experiential	ADJ
stem-8344	88	2	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	88	3	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	88	4	experience	experience	NOUN
stem-8344	88	5	as	as	ADP
stem-8344	88	6	the	the	DET
stem-8344	88	7	source	source	NOUN
stem-8344	88	8	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	88	9	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	88	10	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	88	11	development	development	NOUN
stem-8344	88	12	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	89	1	prentice	prentice	NOUN
stem-8344	89	2	-	-	PUNCT
stem-8344	89	3	hall	hall	NOUN
stem-8344	89	4	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	90	1	8	8	NUM
stem-8344	90	2	.	.	X
stem-8344	91	1	li	li	PROPN
stem-8344	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	3	y.	y.	PROPN
stem-8344	91	4	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	5	zhang	zhang	PROPN
stem-8344	91	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	7	y.	y.	PROPN
stem-8344	91	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	9	&	&	CCONJ
stem-8344	91	10	pan	pan	PROPN
stem-8344	91	11	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	12	x.	x.	NOUN
stem-8344	91	13	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	14	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	91	15	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	91	16	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	92	1	the	the	DET
stem-8344	92	2	impact	impact	NOUN
stem-8344	92	3	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	92	4	green	green	ADJ
stem-8344	92	5	innovation	innovation	NOUN
stem-8344	92	6	on	on	ADP
stem-8344	92	7	corporate	corporate	ADJ
stem-8344	92	8	performance	performance	NOUN
stem-8344	92	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	93	1	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
stem-8344	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	93	3	16(6	16(6	NUM
stem-8344	93	4	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	93	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	93	6	2588	2588	NUM
stem-8344	93	7	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	94	1	https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062588	https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062588	NOUN
stem-8344	94	2	9	9	X
stem-8344	94	3	.	.	X
stem-8344	94	4	mdpi	mdpi	PROPN
stem-8344	94	5	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	95	1	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	95	2	2024	2024	NUM
stem-8344	95	3	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	95	4	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	96	1	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	96	2	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	96	3	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	96	4	preservice	preservice	NOUN
stem-8344	96	5	teacher	teacher	NOUN
stem-8344	96	6	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	96	7	:	:	PUNCT
stem-8344	96	8	core	core	NOUN
stem-8344	96	9	features	feature	NOUN
stem-8344	96	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	96	11	advantages	advantage	NOUN
stem-8344	96	12	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	96	13	effects	effect	NOUN
stem-8344	96	14	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	97	1	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	97	2	sciences	sciences	PROPN
stem-8344	97	3	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	97	4	14(6	14(6	NOUN
stem-8344	97	5	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	97	6	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	97	7	635	635	NUM
stem-8344	97	8	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	98	1	https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060635	https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060635	NOUN
stem-8344	98	2	10	10	NUM
stem-8344	98	3	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	99	1	porter	porter	NOUN
stem-8344	99	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	99	3	m.	m.	PROPN
stem-8344	99	4	e.	e.	PROPN
stem-8344	99	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	99	6	&	&	CCONJ
stem-8344	99	7	van	van	PROPN
stem-8344	99	8	der	der	PROPN
stem-8344	99	9	linde	linde	PROPN
stem-8344	99	10	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	99	11	c.	c.	PROPN
stem-8344	99	12	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	99	13	1995	1995	NUM
stem-8344	99	14	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	99	15	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	100	1	toward	toward	ADP
stem-8344	100	2	a	a	DET
stem-8344	100	3	new	new	ADJ
stem-8344	100	4	conception	conception	NOUN
stem-8344	100	5	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	100	6	the	the	DET
stem-8344	100	7	environmentcompetitiveness	environmentcompetitiveness	NOUN
stem-8344	100	8	relationship	relationship	NOUN
stem-8344	100	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	1	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	101	2	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	101	3	economic	economic	ADJ
stem-8344	101	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
stem-8344	101	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	6	9(4	9(4	NUM
stem-8344	101	7	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	9	97–118	97–118	NUM
stem-8344	101	10	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	11	https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.4.97	https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.4.97	NOUN
stem-8344	101	12	11	11	NUM
stem-8344	101	13	.	.	X
stem-8344	101	14	rhee	rhee	PROPN
stem-8344	101	15	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	16	s.	s.	PROPN
stem-8344	101	17	y.	y.	PROPN
stem-8344	101	18	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	101	19	et	et	PROPN
stem-8344	101	20	al	al	PROPN
stem-8344	101	21	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	102	1	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	102	2	2017	2017	NUM
stem-8344	102	3	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	102	4	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	103	1	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	103	2	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	103	3	for	for	ADP
stem-8344	103	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
stem-8344	103	5	competence	competence	NOUN
stem-8344	103	6	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	103	7	nursing	nursing	NOUN
stem-8344	103	8	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	103	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	104	1	journal	journal	NOUN
stem-8344	104	2	of	of	ADP
stem-8344	104	3	nursing	nursing	NOUN
stem-8344	104	4	education	education	NOUN
stem-8344	104	5	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	104	6	56(6	56(6	NUM
stem-8344	104	7	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	104	8	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	104	9	349–354	349–354	NUM
stem-8344	104	10	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	105	1	https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20170517-05	https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20170517-05	NUM
stem-8344	105	2	12	12	NUM
stem-8344	105	3	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	105	4	springer	springer	NOUN
stem-8344	105	5	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	106	1	(	(	PUNCT
stem-8344	106	2	2025	2025	NUM
stem-8344	106	3	)	)	PUNCT
stem-8344	106	4	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	107	1	using	use	VERB
stem-8344	107	2	social	social	ADJ
stem-8344	107	3	virtual	virtual	ADJ
stem-8344	107	4	reality	reality	NOUN
stem-8344	107	5	in	in	ADP
stem-8344	107	6	teaching	teach	VERB
stem-8344	107	7	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
stem-8344	107	8	communication	communication	NOUN
stem-8344	107	9	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	108	1	technology	technology	NOUN
stem-8344	108	2	,	,	PUNCT
stem-8344	108	3	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
stem-8344	108	4	and	and	CCONJ
stem-8344	108	5	learning	learning	NOUN
stem-8344	108	6	.	.	PUNCT
stem-8344	109	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09822-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09822-0	NUM