162 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 09, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Analysis of English Syntactic Figures Tasheva Nafisa Zaynitdinovna Asia International University Department of History and Philology Abstract This article analyses English and Uzbek are languages belonging to different families and different languages. According to the genealogical classification, the English language belongs to the Indo-European family, and part of this family belongs to the Germanic language family. The Uzbek language belongs to the Ural-Altaic family, and a part of this family belongs to the Turkic language family.. It also deals with analysis of syntactic figures in the English language, types of syntactic figures and their analysis. The importance of understanding types and ways of correct connecting words in English syntax. Keywords: syntax, morphology, syntactic figures, morpheme, government, agreement, adjoining. English and Uzbek are languages belonging to different families and different languages. According to the genealogical classification, the English language belongs to the Indo-European family, and part of this family belongs to the Germanic language family. The Uzbek language belongs to the Ural-Altaic family, and a part of this family belongs to the Turkic language family. Languages belonging to the Germanic family are inflectional languages and languages belonging to the Turkic family are agglutinative languages. In inflected languages, the relationship between words is suppletive forms (go-went, idu-shyol, bad-worse, good-better), vowel and consonant exchange (man-men, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, send-sent, build-built). , the phenomenon of external and internal fusion of affixal morphemes to root morphemes (house- houses=s-z af external fusion, child-children=ai-i+af; rise-risen=ai-i+af; expressed through internal fusion.) These grammatical devices belong to inflectional English. However, in the process of historical development, the above-mentioned grammatical tools in inflectional English have been preserved as a legacy in modern English, and their function is to create analytical forms by connecting auxiliary and meaningful words, word order and agglutinative affixation in sentences, and deep inflective English has a tendency to become analytical. That is, the category Perfective/Imperfective has given itself up to advanced tenses, Continuous and Perfect tenses are represented by analytic forms, that is, auxiliary verbs combine with verbs to form tenses. For example: I have written, He has written, I shall go, I am going, He is going. The examples show that English still retains its inflection, even though it is made analytically with the help of tense forms and the conjugation of meaning verbs. For example: in have written, "have" and "written" formed an analytical formula, but the second component of the analytical 163 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us form was cut off from the verb written [ritn], write [rait]. i] Turned into a monophthong. In the analytic form of internal fusion, has written, both components indicate inflection, that is, if the combination of these two components (has and written) indicates analyticity, the transformation of "have" into "has" and "write" into "written" of each component is profound. indicates inflection. In “He is going” and “I am going”, "am" and "is" are derived from "be" in a supplicative way, that is, through a general change of the stem, which indicates the deep inflection of the language, and the second component of the analytical form "going" is the affixal morpheme-ing to the root of go. it is formed by adding agglutinative method. The agglutinative method means that in the process of combining root and affixal morphemes, phoneme changes do not occur to either the root or the affixal morpheme, and when these two morphemes are separated from each other, the root morpheme can function as an independent word in the language. In addition, in modern English, the word structure in the sentence is fixed, i.e. S+V+O (adverbial modifier) I read a book; I go to school. S+V+O S+V+ adverbial modifier If this word order changes, the sentence changes grammatically. For example: 1. The hunter killed the wolf. 2. The wolf killed the hunter. 1. Овчи бўрини ўлдирди. 2. Бўри овчини ўлдирди. We can see in the above two examples that English word order is fixed. Now we will analyze this example in Russian. 1. Охотник убил волка. 2. Волка убил охотник. 3. Убил волка охотник. 4. Убил охотник волка. 5. Волка охотник убил. The examples show that the structure of words in Russian is not fixed, but free. Because every word in the sentence is grammatically formed. It is possible to analyze these words grammatically outside of the sentence and determine the grammatical meanings in this sentence. In English, the words in the sentence cannot convey the grammatical meaning of the sentence outside the sentence. Their grammatical meaning and grammatical function is determined by word order in the sentence. For example; the hunter and the wolf are used in the main agreement. Their use in possessive and complement functions is determined not by their grammatical forms, but by the order of words in the sentence, their place in the sentence. The expression of grammatical meanings through analytic forms, agglutinative affixation, and word order is indicative of the analytic tendency of modern English. It expresses grammatical meaning through word order. We said, for example: 1. I sleep in the open air. 2. I sleep my child in the open air. 3. I walk in the garden. 4. I walk my child in the garden. 164 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us For example, in sentences 1 and 3, the verbs sleep and walk are intransitive verbs, and in sentences 2 and 4, the verbs sleep and walk are transitive verbs. As you can see, this does not change the form of the verbs. We cannot say that English is an analytic language, because the analysis of the examples shows that even the components of the analytic forms express grammatical meanings in an inflectional way (Internal and external fusion, suppletive forms). In Uzbek, which belongs to the family of Turkic languages, the relationship between words is expressed in most cases by means of grammatical means such as agglutinative affixation, analytical forms, repetition (Full and partial). In the sentence Мен мактабга бораман, the form of departure is agglutinatively added to the stem morpheme school. Or in "boraman" the affixal morpheme -Aman, which expresses grammatical meanings such as the present future tense, first person, singular, was added to the root morpheme in the agglutinative way at bor. If these affixal morphemes are separated from the exemplified stems, the remaining stem morphemes can exist as independent words in the language. It does not lose its independence. This phenomenon is due to the development of the system of prefixes in the inflected English of the Uzbek language, and in the course of historical development, the system of prepositions, which perform the function of agreement forms, has developed. A preposition, that is, an element used before a noun. The agglutinative Uzbek language has no prefixes, the prefixes that are present came from Arabic and Tajik languages (Беақл, беодоб). The system of suffixes has developed in the Uzbek language, so the system of words has also developed: мактабга –мактаб томон, сенга- сен учун, мактабга бордим-мактаб томон бордим, сенга китоб олдим-сен учун китоб олдим. E. D. Polivanov divided analytic languages into two large groups. Analytical-isolation and analytical agglutinative. The reason why the agglutinative Uzbek language is called analytic is that grammatical meanings in Uzbek are expressed as a result of mechanically gluing affixal morphemes outside the word, that is, root morphemes without breaking the phoneme structure. When talking about analytical forms in the Uzbek language, we can mention the type category of the verb, the category of modality, the definiteness category of the verbs, the imperative mood of the verbs, the mood of the desire, and the conditional mood of the verbs. Examples: айтиб қўйди (тур категорияси), бора оламан, айта биламан (модаллик категорияси): ўқиб тураман, қараб тураман (аниқлик майли): йиқила кўрма (бўйруқ майли): берсин энди. (истак майли): ёзар эдим (Шарт майли) The above examples show that analytical forms in the Uzbek language are fundamentally different. Analytical form components in English represent grammatical meanings in a fusional way. Both components (have-has, write-written) of He has written-analytical form (have-has, write- written) express the meaning of the present perfect, the third-person singular in the inflectional way, and are interconnected analytically, and in I have written, the analytical form of have written the first component of have is the first person singular, the meaning of the present perfect is expressed without phoneme change, the analytical form has written, the second component of the expression of the meaning of the present perfect is when the affixal morpheme-en is added to the stem, the diphthong [ai] in the stem becomes a short [i] monophthong. Types of compounds. In modern English, noun+noun is the most common type of combination. This type of compound is divided into 2 subtypes, taking into account the part of the compound that comes in its head or nominative agreement. The type of combination "noun in the common case (in the main agreement) + noun" defines one word in a broad sense and is used with another word that agrees with it. We can cite different examples of this construction from the semantic point of view. For example: speech sound, silver watch, army unit. Of course, these examples need to be studied more lexically. 165 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us As in compounds such as a Beethoven symphony, London Bridge, we can note that the 1st part of the compound can come with a proper noun. The meaning and use of the combination "noun in the genitive case (in the accusative case) + noun" is limited. Another common type of conjunction is "noun+adjective" to refer to all existing things with their characteristic sign. "Verb+noun" type can indicate 2 different types of relation between action and object, in most cases noun indicates object and verb indicates action (character). 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