271 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 09, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 An allusive way of conveying human relationships in the novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars" by Joyce Carol Oates. M. T. Elmanova senior teacher of Bukhara State University Abstract. The novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars" by Joyce Carol Oates is a powerful story in which the author uses an allusive way of conveying human relationships. It not only reveals the complexity and versatility of human connections and emotions, but also introduces us to the world of symbols and metaphors that help to realize the deep essence of the characters and their relationships. In this article, we will look at how Joyce Carol Oates uses allusions to convey human relationships in the novel. Key words: allusion, human relationships, complexity, unconscious, melancholic tone, cultural symbols. Introduction The novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars" by Joyce Carol Oates is a powerful and emotionally charged literary work that explores human relationships and deep emotions using an allusive way of storytelling. Allusions are retrospective references to other works, characters, events or cultural symbols that the author uses to enrich the semantic content of his work. In the novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars", author Joyce Carol Oates draws attention to complex and intimate human relationships and explores the emotional ways in which they develop and transform. She uses allusions to convey these emotions and relationships with the deepest sensuality and complexity. Joyce Carol Oates' work may seem prophetic since she frequently writes about the social and political themes that underpin American civilization. It is a remarkable coincidence, however, since a week prior to the book "Night. Dream. Death. Stars" being published, genuine events that closely resemble the prologue of the book were extensively discussed. A middle-aged white guy who is traveling on an upstate New York highway sees a police altercation on the side of the road at the start of the story. He pauses to interrogate the white cops after witnessing them using excessive force to apprehend a young black man. In retaliation, the police beat, arrest, and punish the motorist with electric shocks. His injuries ultimately caused him to pass away. In the novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars", author Joyce Carol Oates draws attention to complex and intimate human relationships and explores the emotional ways in which they develop and transform. She uses allusions to convey these emotions and relationships with the deepest sensuality and complexity. The author includes allusions to literature in the novel to enrich the reader's understanding of the characters and explore the idea of grief and loss: “Did you see him tonight? Acting like Hamlet’s ghost”. “You said that before—but did Hamlet have a ghost? I think the ghost was supposed to be Hamlet’s father…”[1.] Why Oates turns to Shakespearean motives is explained by the fact that she is interested in the very problem of personality formation, the problem of world evil, where evil comes from in the world and why a person cannot be happy in the world. For the first time, Shakespeare gave such a problem in a broad context. In his tragedy of Hamlet, Hamlet is exactly what he is doing, he is fighting against world evil and http://www/ 272 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us understands that in this struggle he cannot win Evil is not exterminable. This Shakespearean motif attracts Oates, who considers the context of the fight against public evil, which is not exterminable for them. Hamlet is always looking for an answer to the questions of why Evil exists and why it is difficult to defeat. when he finds out that his uncle killed his father, why Hamlet does not take revenge on him, because he knows if he kills his uncle it will not be an option, because his task is not just to avenge his father, but to fight with all the injustice in this world. Oates strives as a Shakespeare to solve problems universally. She is interested in the problem of the existence of Evil in society, she approaches Shakespeare in the philosophical context of why Evil exists and why it is not exterminable. This topic was raised for the first time by Shakespeare. Next allusion from the novel is found in the phrase: "Was, then. Who Diogenes was". "Some old, ancient Greek philosopher who's been dead a thousand years"[1. ] Here is expressing curiosity about the identity of Diogenes, suggesting that he is not familiar with him. This allusion highlights that Diogenes is not widely known or remembered by everyone, even though he was an important figure in ancient Greek philosophy. This describes Diogenes as an old philosopher who has been deceased for a long time. The reference to him as "old" and having been dead for a thousand years emphasizes his age and distance in history, highlighting that he lived in ancient times. These allusions serve to portray Diogenes as a relatively obscure and ancient figure, emphasizing his historical significance as a Greek philosopher who made important contributions to philosophy. The use of various techniques in the novel not only creates a sense of atmosphere and mood, but also adds depth and complexity to the characters and their emotions. Describing a widow as "self-absorbed" and "looking at the ground at her feet" creates a sense of isolation and despair. The use of the word "imperfect" suggests that the grieving process is not going as it should, which adds complexity to the emotions of the character: "The mourning is "flawed”. “ The widow is self-absorbed though she is a mourner. She is staring at the earth at her feet”. This description not only gives a gloomy and melancholic tone, but also adds depth to the character, making her more intimate and human. The novel's lexical repetition contributes to the text's increased emotional and symbolic impact. Repetition of words or phrases establishes rhythm and tension in the narrative, highlights the significance of particular concepts or ideas, and aids in the reader's memory of significant events and characters. Lexical repetition is also employed to convey a particular tone or picture, which aids the reader in understanding the setting and the characters' experiences: “Smiling as an act of will. Smiling as an act of courage, desperation”. “First time in memory, she is sure. First time in fifty years Whitey’s large strong warm hand has not grasped hers”. “Humored by my family. Humored, pitied by my children”. Furthermore, in contrast to previous works, Oates uses brief sentences in "Night. Sleep. Death. Stars" to facilitate the reader's comprehension and help them grasp the main ideas of the book. It should be mentioned that this method produces the most coherent comprehension of the various scenarios in the book. Let's look at an illustration of how a web can be described using symbols: “Gossamer. A spiderweb. Beautiful in design but lacking strength. In their ignorance they’d thought they would console her. In their vanity”. The first sentence is "Gossamer. A spiderweb." is a phrase that introduces the image of a gossamer (web), describing it as beautiful, but not durable. This helps to create an association with something fragile and easily destroyed. The second sentence "Beautiful in design but lacking strength." is a clarification of the first sentence, where the author emphasizes that the web can be beautiful, but not have sufficient strength. This contributes to the impression of fragility and vulnerability. The author introduces a new line of thought in the third sentence, "In their ignorance they'd thought they would console her." The character (possibly other http://www/ 273 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us characters) intended to console the heroine, but they were oblivious to her true needs and feelings. This contributes to the impression of confusion and loneliness. The fourth sentence "In their vanity." is the final phrase that emphasizes that the people who tried to comfort the heroine did it from their own arrogant position, not understanding her true feelings. This helps to create an image of incorrect empathy and selfishness. It is important to note that the allusive way of conveying human relations in the novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars" by Joyce Carol Oates allows the author to create additional layers of meanings and meanings, which gives the reader the opportunity to enrich their experience and understanding of the work. Through allusions, Oates addresses the collective unconscious, various aspects of culture and history in order to reveal deeper and more complex aspects of human relations. In conclusion, the novel "Night. Dream. Death. Stars" Joyce Carol Oates is an excellent example of using an allusive way of conveying human relationships. With the help of literary heritage allusions and cultural symbols, she weaves a complex and heartfelt story about love, suffering and redemption. The inclusive approach of Oates allows you to penetrate into the depths of human emotions and relationships and reveal their complexity and uniqueness. This novel confirms the power of the word and its ability to capture and convey the deepest aspects of human existence. REFERENCES: 1. Эльманова, М. (2023). ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В РОМАНАХ ДЖОЙС КЭРОЛ ОУТС. ЦЕНТР НАУЧНЫХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ(buxdu.Uz),31(31).извлеченоот https://journal.buxdu.uz/index.php/journals_buxdu/article/view/9326 2. Эльманова, М. (2023). ПРОБЛЕМА СЕМЕЙНЫХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ В РОМАНАХ “МАТЬ ПРОПАВШАЯ БЕЗ ВЕСТИ” И “ МЫ БЫЛИ МАЛВЭНАМИ” ДЖОЙС КЭРОЛ ОУТС. ЦЕНТР НАУЧНЫХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ (buxdu.Uz), 31(31). извлечено от https://journal.buxdu.uz/index.php/journals_buxdu/article/view/9324 3. Эльманова, М. Т. (2023). Успех И Неудача В Романах Джойс Кэрол Оатс «Ради Чего Я Жил» И «Исповедь Моего Сердца». Miasto Przyszłości, 32, 312–315.Retrievedfrom http://miastoprzyszlosci.com.pl/index.php/mp/article/view/1156 4.Toshnazarovna, E. M. . (2023). The Fragrility of the "White" and the Grotesque of the "Black" Person in Joyce Carol Oates’ Novel "Black Girl/White Girl". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE LEARNING AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 2(4), 125–129. Retrieved from http://inter- publishing.com/index.php/IJLLAL/article/view/1511 5. Toshnazarovna, E. M. (2022). ALLUSIONS TO HISTORICAL CHARACTERS AND EVENTS IN THE NOVEL BELLEFLEUR BY JOYCE CAROL OATES. BARQARORLIK VA YETAKCHI TADQIQOTLAR ONLAYN ILMIY JURNALI, 2(1), 274- 277. http://sciencebox.uz/index.php/jars/article/view/861 6.Usmonova, Z. (2022). СТИВЕН КИНГНИНГ “ЎЛИК МИНТАҚА”(“DEAD ZONE”) АСАРИДА «THE LAUGHING TIGER» (“СМЕЮЩИЙСЯ ТИГР”) ОБРАЗ ТАЛҚИНИ. ЦЕНТР НАУЧНЫХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ (buxdu.Uz), 12(12). извлечено от https://journal.buxdu.uz/index.php/journals_buxdu/article/view/6364 7.Zarina, U., & Nozanin, G. (2022, January). The main features of description in “the old man and the sea” by ernest hemingway. In Integration Conference on Integration of Pragmalinguistics, Functional Translation Studies and Language Teaching Processes (pp. 66-67). http://www/ https://journal.buxdu.uz/index.php/journals_buxdu/article/view/9326 https://journal.buxdu.uz/index.php/journals_buxdu/article/view/9324 http://miastoprzyszlosci.com.pl/index.php/mp/article/view/1156 http://inter-publishing.com/index.php/IJLLAL/article/view/1511 http://inter-publishing.com/index.php/IJLLAL/article/view/1511 http://sciencebox.uz/index.php/jars/article/view/861 https://journal.buxdu.uz/index.php/journals_buxdu/article/view/6364