311 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 09, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Parallel Korpus Prizmasi Tahlilida Tarjima Asarlarda Asliyat Muammosi Tadqiqi Tursunova Marxabo Raxmonovna Assistant teacher of Asia International University, Department of “ History and Filology” Abstract This article talks about corpus linguistics, in particular parallel corpus, which is currently one of the most developed fields in world linguistics. The artistic text and its translated text in another language contain ideas about the difficulties that arise in the translation process. In particular, changes in the delivery of the original to readers of other languages in the source language and translation texts are covered in detail. Keywords: Corpus Linguistics, Parallel Corpus Texts (PKM) Source Language (MT), Translation Language (TT) parallel corpus of scientific texts, parallel corpus of mass media texts, parallel corpus of artistic texts. In world linguistics, in the 60s of the 20th century, the creation of language corpora and their implementation in the language - the interaction of corpus linguistics with computer technologies is clearly visible. The fact that Brown's corpus, the first example of corpus linguistics, was created in the first half of the 19th century indicates that the theoretical foundations of this field date back to this period. Therefore, the automatic digitization of the intellectual wealth of mankind based on the electronic corpus has become one of the most important tasks of modern linguistics. Therefore, corpus linguistics methods, types, and the practice of corpus analysis are developing in various fields of linguistics in Uzbekistan. The possibilities of information technologies in world linguistics have expanded and the connection of this field with linguistics has become stronger. That is, automatic translation, computer analysis, editing, thesaurus, electronic dictionaries related to linguistics have been created and they are being used in practice. The use of modern methods and tools in the teaching of language and literature, social sciences and foreign languages has been widely introduced. And this, in turn, demands the practical application of computers in these fields, and the scientific theoretical research of corpus linguistics is gaining importance in all fields. Today, the adaptation of our country to the world community and the implementation of great reforms in the field of science lead to an increase in the need for personnel who perfectly master foreign languages. This gives us the opportunity to take the shortest path to ascension. After all, today information technology is deeply penetrating all areas of the world" (Appeal of Shavkat Mirziyoyev of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Oliy Majlis). In order to improve the quality of automatic translation in the direction of improving computer linguistics, linguistic modeling of the language, creation of the theory and algorithm of lemming words for each language, and in order to increase the possibility of using the centuries-old national-cultural heritage of a particular language, their electronicization has become an urgent issue in world linguistics. . G. Leach was one of the first in world linguistics to conduct scientific research on the emergence and development of corpus linguistics [Leech: 105-122]. Studies on the formation of modern corpus linguistics were carried out by English scientists such as S. 312 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Houston, D. Biber, S. Grays, M. Halliday and W. Teubert [Hunston: 234]. In the works of Russian scientists V. Baranov and V. Zakharov, the specification of corpus linguistics, scientists such as N. Vladimov, S. Vadyaev, O. Gorkina, V. Mamontova and A. Magametova, the concept of "corpus linguistics", "linguistic corpus" and the problems of its classification, are detailed. approached [Baranov: 320]. Corpus in the research of Tajik scientist D.Dja'farova comparative analysis of linguistics with computer linguistics and other similar fields [Dja'farova: 151]. A. Kilgarriff, K. Iztok, F. Carlson, and I. Sozhenin were involved in the use of corpus analysis in lexicology, while scientists such as V. Rykov, A. Romanov, and V. Plungyan used the concept of "corpus" in text analysis. developed the method [Kilgarriff, Kosem, 2012: 37]. In linguistics, in particular, in the field of computer linguistics, corpus creation, expansion of existing corpora, development of automatic text processing programs, etc., is one of the important issues waiting to be solved. The main linguistic factor driving the development of computational linguistics is electronic text corpora or parallel text corpora. "Corpus is a collection of texts in electronic format that means finding words, phrases, grammatical forms, word meanings through a specific search engine" [http://ruscorpora.ru; http://ruscorpora.ru]. In computer linguistics, the term "corpus of texts" is widely used in the concept of "corpus". "Many of the world's languages have their own national corpora, which differ in the level of perfection, the ability to process text, today language corpora have become an undeniable working tool of modern linguistics for linguistic research and the solution of practical tasks, the corpus is more than a simple electronic library. difference, corpus annotation, concordance (relatively simple form of search engine) or corpus manager, its searchability, general requirements for corpus manager are explained. Linguistic importance of the corpus in the study of lexicography, lexicology, syntax, methodology, linguodidactics, mother tongue, foreign language education is highlighted" [Hamraeva, 2018: 9]. "The corpus of texts is certain language units stored electronically, which are created in different forms depending on the need for linguists to solve different problems and for research in different directions. These can consist of phonemes, graphemes, morphemes and larger units - lexemes, sentences and texts (artistic or scientific works, newspaper and magazine texts). Depending on how they are stored, special programs can be used to find examples, spelling variants, and synonyms of each required word or phrase. As a result of the increase in the weight of scientific research on the corpus of texts, the direction of corpus linguistics was formed in linguistics [Baranov, 2001; Polatov, 2007; Rahimov, 2011]. In research, corpus is considered as a separate direction from computer linguistics. Considering the corpus, corpus creation problems, purpose, tasks, we support the views that interpret it as a field of computational linguistics. As computer linguistics deals with the problems of natural language processing, solving language problems through a computer system, language teaching, text editing, and translation, corpora are directly language units, a large-scale whole that reflects language richness. , is a database for linguistic research. Therefore, it is appropriate to interpret the corpus as a direction of computer linguistics, and corpus linguistics as a separate field dealing with corpus types, corpus creation principles, computer methods, and problems. Research methodology. In the process of analysis of translations of works of art in the prism of parallel corpus, the study of the problem of originality in translated works takes an important place. It requires a great skill from the translator to translate a work written in one language into the translated language and deliver it to the readers of the whole world or other nations to convey the value and identity of this nation. In this case, the problem of originality, or in other words, the delivery of this people's life and way of life as much as possible, finds its expression in the parallel corpus. A parallel corpus can have several methodologies for original research. These methodologies include: 1. Alternative Construction: This methodology is used to ensure the consistency, order and moral success of parallel texts in determining authenticity. Certain alternative constructions may be used to express interdependence and to describe hints in translation. 313 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us 2. Alternative word-for-word translation: This methodology focuses on defining parallel words or sets of phrases. A translation of a word that occurs in the original text can explain how it appears from the type of word that the translator used. 3. Alternatives to Authenticity: Alternatives to authenticity are helpful in studying the success of spirituality in parallel texts. These alternatives may be readings and translators' words that do not change the preferred meaning. 4. Contextual alternatives that confirm the meaning of the translator: Contextual alternatives that confirm the originality are obtained based on the context in which the texts appear. These contextual alternatives contain information related to the corresponding word or phrase that confirms the meaning recognized by the translator. 5. Changes and Immutability: Change and immutability are dominant in determining authenticity. Variations include other language, style, environment, literary macro, and literary appropriability issues encountered during the translation process. Qualitative research methodologies have gained international exposure in the fields of corpus linguistics and translation, and are even acceptable for other academic fields. These methodologies help in authenticating and finding information about how well a translation is done. And it looks at the ongoing development of linguistics and translation. Analysis of literature on the topic. In the first half of the 90s of the 20th century, corpus linguistics was formed as a separate part of the science of language. At the same time, it closely cooperates with computational linguistics, uses its achievements and, in turn, enriches it. Since the late 1950s, significant work has been done in corpus linguistics, including Randolph Quirk's Department of English Usage Studies, founded in 1959, and Francis and Kuchera's Brown Corpus, published in 1964. Corpus linguistics is a branch of computational linguistics that develops general principles of building and using linguistic corpora (text corpora) using computer technologies. A linguistic or language corpus of texts is a machine-readable, combined, structured, labeled, philologically perfect set of linguistic data designed to solve specific linguistic problems. Corpus types include specialized, informative, multilingual, parallel, learning, comparative, diachronic, and monitor. According to the criterion of parallelism, corpora are divided into monolingual, bilingual and multilingual. Contrast dialects and language variants in monolingual corpora. For example, English as a mother tongue and English as a foreign language remained outside the scope of scholarly interest until the emergence of new technologies, which made it possible to attract much more speech works in the opposite language. Bilingual and multilingual corpora combine independently written texts in two or more languages in the same thematic area (for example, a collection of materials of conferences on a certain scientific problem held in different countries and in different languages). Such corpora help with terminology and are often used by translators. Another variant of a bilingual or multilingual corpus is the original texts written in any source language and the translation of these source texts into one or more other languages. Such a corpus will serve as an invaluable resource for comparative studies, research in translation theory, and the teaching of human and computer translation. Analysis. If we look at the dictionary meaning of the word translation, it is translated into Arabic from the Persian word "tarzaban". "Tarzabon" means a well-spoken, eloquent person with a burro tongue. The word "translation" or "translation" was formed from this word, which was adopted into the Arabic language in the form of "interpreter". Uzbek writers expressed such a concept with terms such as "transfer", "return", "turn", "overturn". For many years, "translation" has also been used in the meaning of comment, description, and explanation. Later, this word acquired the meaning of expressing a type of artistic creation and became a scientific-philological term. In general, translation is the re-creation of a text written in one language or a spoken speech in another language. 314 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Translation is the art of re-creation, a high artistic creation, even if it is a creation, it is a creation that requires research, labor, and patience from the translator, and requires hard work on various materials. The meaning of the concept of translation is very broad, because "What is translation?" Representatives of different fields give different answers to this question. One person says that translation is the translation of a book written in one language into another language, while another person considers it to be the explanation of an idea expressed in one language to people who speak another language. According to a third person, movies are also translated, so translation means translating the speech of an actor playing a role in one language into a second, third, and so on. Approaching the translation from the point of view of linguistic translation studies, it can be defined as follows: Translation, which is a complex form of human activity, is a creative process of re-creating a speech expression (text) created in one language, preserving its unity of form and content, based on the means of another language. So, the speech expression created using the means of the original language is replaced by such an expression created on the basis of the laws of the translated language. In this way, the substantive and stylistic adequacy of the texts of the original and translation languages is created. This definition is related to the interlinguistic process, and most of human activity is related to this practice. Because of this, when most people think of the word "translation", first of all, the activity of translating a text from one language into another is manifested. All of the above comments about the translation have a soul. Because each of them describes the translation from one side and serves to complete the general understanding of it. So, translation is a multi-faceted, fast-paced, complex activity. Translation is one of the most ancient types of human activity, thanks to which we clearly imagine the history of human development in all its details. A parallel corpus is a collection of electronic texts in two or more languages (for example, English and Uzbek). This corpus consists of texts made equivalent in order and spirit to the original texts of the same language. And the problem of originality depends on the spiritualism and the period of translation between the texts that appear in the parallel corpus, and on the approval or transmission of the last words. The problem of originality requires an analysis of problems such as spelling, variation, intention, and form in translations that can be treated in parallel existing texts. The main purpose of analyzing this problem is to show the theme between the original text and the translation, and to determine how the translator must have intended to explain the original sentence. Analysis of the problem of authenticity in corpus linguistics includes several features. First of all, it is necessary to determine the text to be translated, that is, these texts can be related to fields such as literature, technology, engineering, medicine. There should be a correlation between the original text and the author of the translated text. The translated work can be well received by the readers only when the translator understands the style of the author, the idea and thoughts of the work. Translators should be able to convey to the reader their skills, the quality of the translated work, the translation methods, and the changes that occur when translating from the original text. Summary. In the parallel corpus, the data is actually compared with the original, and it is appropriate to present the problem of originality with several examples and arguments and type them into a logical chain. This allows you to control the changes in the procedures that occur during the translation process. The problem of originality is one of the important processes in the parallel corpus and helps to determine the quality of the translation, the skills of the translator, and whether the original text matches the average translation. This analysis provides information 315 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us on how the original text preserves its originality in meaning, form, style, and style. 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