592-595 The Role of Mother Tongue and Literacy Classes 592 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 09, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 The Role of Mother Tongue and Literacy Classes in the Development of Students' Linguistic Abilities S. M. Zokirova Doctor of philological sciences (DSc), Associate professor of Fergana State University M. Yuldasheva Graduate student of Fergana State University Abstract In this article, students of the 2nd grade in the lessons of "Mother language and reading literacy" learn the correct pronunciation of speech sounds, describe various events in their own speech, move syllables, spell capital letters, question words and similar grammatical concepts. as theoretical knowledge, as well as comments on the formation of speech and linguistic competences. Keywords: National curriculum, listening comprehension, linguistic competence, spelling. A lot of attention is being paid to improving the quality and efficiency of education in general education schools. At the global level, special attention has been paid to primary education and quality education of students, the formation and further improvement of the primary education system has been set as the first task, and all conditions are being created for this. . In the concept of systematic international education adopted until 2030 at the international education forum held in South Korea, "Primary education system is recognized as the main driving force of development and an important activity leading to the goal of sustainable development" and "the whole for all" creating an opportunity to receive quality education throughout his life" was defined as an urgent task. Therefore, systematic work is being carried out on the implementation of large-scale projects aimed at creating opportunities for independent education of students, developing their creative thinking, and developing the skills of applying the knowledge they have acquired in life. It is of great practical importance to expand the opportunities to use in their personal and life activities, to strengthen their intelligence, thinking, consciousness, will, to find content in their social activity, to form their inner spiritual experiences, and independent decision-making skills. Therefore, special attention is paid to the formation and development of students' competencies. In the educational process, taking into account the age, individual and psychophysiological characteristics of students, by carrying out scientific research on the development of competencies in them, determining the effective forms, methods and means of developing competences related to science in elementary school students is a modern education and shows that it is relevant for the theory and methodology of education. Competency approach in education means teaching students to effectively use various skills acquired in personal, professional and social situations. In a broad sense, competence is the ability to apply knowledge and skills based on practical experience in successfully solving the essence of a problem, as well as a specific field of knowledge. Competency-based approach to education guides students to acquire various skills and act effectively in their social, professional and personal life in the future. The main four types of speech activities acquired by teaching the language to the student: 593 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing actions required in each class to develop the standard of skills and abilities, which arise during study and work, in family and public places. the skills of being able to exchange opinions and express opinions independently in various speech situations, to perceive the heard material, as well as to get information by reading written sources, to enter into communication in the way of expressing one's reaction to events are formed, and the speech and linguistic competence is being developed. Competence is the ability to use knowledge and skills, based on practical experience, to successfully solve the essence of a specific field of knowledge. Linguistic competence is the development of students' knowledge of the grammar of the language and the formation of the ability of students to express their thoughts correctly, coherently, fluently and meaningfully, at the same time in a way that is understandable to the listener, using the wide possibilities of the Uzbek language. consists of When we talk about the grammatical knowledge of the language, we mean the branches of linguistics: phonetics - sounds, lexicology - vocabulary of words, word structure, word formation, morphology - word forms, syntax - word structure and construction, writing and spelling, punctuation marks, and understanding of speech styles[4]. Linguistic competence of students is their knowledge of the language, the ability to connect this knowledge with practice, and the ability to create speech. If the knowledge given to students on language construction is focused on the development of their oral and written speech, it will serve to form their linguistic competence. Dividing linguistic competences in students into areas and teaching them to each other increases effectiveness. It is known that every subject taught to students in schools is of great importance in the development of the young generation to become a well-rounded, educated person useful to the society. In particular, elementary school plays an important role as a foundation for the future of the young generation. How strong the foundation is depends directly on the subjects taught in primary classes. Among the subjects taught to primary grades, mother tongue and reading literacy have an important place. Ensuring consistency in the process of performing each exercise in mother tongue classes, helping the child to easily learn linguistic concepts and use them appropriately in speech. serves. The purpose of this competence development is to help students express their thoughts and opinions in their native language in a free, clear, concise, fluent and understandable manner, to speak in their speech in accordance with the norms of the literary language, and to exchange ideas without spelling and stylistic errors. will give. Education of students with these competencies in general education schools is the responsibility of "Mother tongue" science. The main purpose of mother tongue classes is not to enrich students' theoretical knowledge of linguistics, but to form students' ability to apply this knowledge in practice. "Native language" is a subject that not only teaches lexical and grammatical norms, but also serves to develop the student's ability to listen and understand, read correctly, and apply orthographic and orthographic norms. Special attention is paid to reading comprehension in mother tongue classes for logical, critical and creative thinking of the student. A student who mastered his mother tongue satisfactorily learns other subjects. A student with perfect reading literacy can think logically, critically, and creatively by reading the texts studied in other subjects, and the ability to apply the knowledge gained in life is developed. Also, one of the main tasks for the teacher is to adapt the practical tasks designed to work with texts that meet the requirements of the international assessment program (PISA, PIRLS) aimed at forming the student's logical thinking and practical skills. It is intended to form the skills of understanding the text, analytical, critical thinking and reaction. In particular, it is no secret that the above ideas are based on the main idea of newly created textbooks. In the "Native language and reading literacy" textbook, the student is asked to think creatively and to speak fluently in his own language in various fields during the lesson and outside of the lesson; vocabulary increase; use of language in practice; formation of correct, fast, conscious, expressive reading skills in the student within the framework of reading literacy; by getting acquainted with texts of all styles and studying them in interdisciplinary integration, by teaching students to observe, understand, compare, analyze and synthesize events, their creative thinking and thinking framework is formed. 594 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us The formation of native language competences among primary school students is the demand of the times. In the conditions of globalization, the clash of different cultures requires having a high culture of communication, vocabulary, which is growing in the situation of national and international communication. This requires improvement of mother tongue education, raising the acquired skills of students to the level of linguistic competence. Together with improving the literacy of the students in the subject of the mother tongue, they will develop their knowledge of the subject and help the young people, who are the future of our country, to have high potential. As a conclusion, we can say that in order for elementary school students to achieve speech competence, they must first know the spelling, sound structure, and pronunciation aspects of words, as well as search for ways to increase their vocabulary, and develop their logical thinking. 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