623 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 9, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 CHARACTERISTICS OF PUZZLES IN PRIMARY CLASS TEXTBOOKS OF UZBEK Ganiyeva Shodiya Azizovna, Associate Professor of Fergana State University; Dadajonova Muhayyo Saidulla kizi. 2nd year student of Fergana State University. Abstract. This article discusses the naming of the riddle genre and its specific features, the forms and forms of riddles, as well as the importance of riddles given in elementary school textbooks. Key words: riddle, genre, poetic, prose, art, metaphor, composition, rhythm, imagery, poetic riddle, prose riddle. Riddles are similar in size and shape to proverbs. Sometimes the closeness can be felt according to the content. But the purpose of creation is different. Let's pay attention to the naming of the genre: from the moment the word "find" is pronounced, the meanings of think, search, compare, search are leading. When the suffix "ish" is added to it, the task is defined, after the verb suffix "-moq" the concepts "if you can", "if you can", "if you can do it" are expressed. Puzzles have the following genre characteristics: 1. Short and compact in size. 2. The form has a poetic or prose form. 3. In order to create, the task is to find something hidden in the text. 4. In its content, the characteristics of animals, plants, the universe, and things in everyday life are expressed in a hidden way, and it is encouraged to find them. 5. The thing to be found often has one, sometimes two or more quantities. 6. The main artistic art used in riddles is metaphor. Riddles are sometimes in prose, often in poetic form, compositionally and rhythmically concise, simple and melodious. For example, ―Bir pаrchа pаtir, оlаmgа tаtir‖ (Оy- Moon); ―Оppоqqinа dаsturxоn,Yer yuzini qоplаgаn‖ (qоr- snow); ―Оʻtdа yоnmаydi, Suvgа bоtmаydi‖ (muz-ice) [8,104]. We can cite prose riddles such as ―Tоgʻ ustidа оʻrmоn bоr‖ (sоch-hair), ―Sоy ichidа sаksоnbоy‖ , ―Dаrаxt ustidа lаngаr‖(аnjir - fig). Some riddles also have proverbial properties. For example, ―Tilsiz, аql оʻrgаtаr‖ (Kitоb – book)[10,144]. Poetic riddle is a very ancient genre that has been ruling in Uzbek literature for a long time. Children's writer Quddus Mohammadi also refers to this genre when talking to little ones, for example in his "What is it?" in the poem, the figurative image of a hedgehog is given very simply for a child. From the first line, a certain image is visible: Dum-dumаlоq jоnivоr, Tikаnаk chоpоni bоr. . . It is characteristic that the poet dresses the urchin in an Uzbek national costume, gives local meaning to his poems, and makes it easier for children to understand. ―U bаhоrdа unаdi, Yоzdа kuchgа tоʻlаdi. Kuzdа pishib yetilib, 624 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Tоgʻ-tоgʻ xirmоn bоʻlаdi‖(Bugʻdоy - Wheat)[11,192] Or ―Qаt-qаt tоʻnim bоrdirоv, Kimdir tоʻngа zоrdirоv. Bаrgim yаshil, sоʻlmаgаn, Zоʻr ketаmаn dоʻlmаgа‖(Kаrаm - Cabbage)[9,144]. such riddles are also among poetic riddles. In riddles, information is given about the shape, size, color, function, etc. of the object to be found, but these symbols are connected to something else using the art of metaphor. For example, ―Sаndiq tоʻlа оq sаdаf, Turishаdi tоrtib sаf. Оʻttiz ikkitа оʻrtоq Yаshаydi аhil-inоq‖[8,104]. Two signs of what is hidden in this text are given by means of two metaphors. Therefore, its shape and size are similar to a chest, and its interior is similar to a row of pearls. Ulаrning sоni hаm bоr ekаn, yа‘ni оʻttiz ikkitа. Tоpishmоqni tоpаyоtgаn оdаm mаtndа оgʻizdаgi tishlаr hаqidа gаp ketаyоtgаnini tоpsа, fikriy musоbаqаdа yenggаn bоʻlаdi. Often, information is given only about the appearance and characteristics of the hidden object, but the name of the object is not recorded. In such situations, the searcher can find the solution only by remembering the signs that are characteristic of the things he knows. ―Tоʻni silliq, tuki yоʻq. Hаmmаsi tоʻq, pоʻki yоʻq. Ichi qizil, kоʻki yоʻq. Uni chоʻqоlmаs chumchuq. - Bu nimа, qizim Qunduz? - Bumi, dаdаjоn, ……!‖[11,192] In this riddle, the words "tuki", "poki", "koki" are mainly used to create a rhyme. Now we pay attention to the fact that the hidden thing has a coat, that the appearance of this coat is smooth, dark, red inside, and that even a sparrow cannot dig it. Then we remember what's only red inside, and we find that what's actually hidden is a watermelon. But it is still not easy to find the answer to the riddle. In "Mother language and reading literacy" lessons, it is possible to get an effective result in clarifying the topic of the lesson by telling a riddle about the topic in order to arouse the interest of the students in the lesson, specifically in the new topic. The teacher gives a riddle specific to the topic, the students find out what it is about and the answer. The following riddle is given and the students find out what it is about and the answer: Ilоn izli yоrugʻ nur Bulutlаrni quchаdi, Jаrаngdоr оvоzidаn Yer-u оsmоn kоʻchаdi. (Chаqmоq – Lightning). Questions are asked: - What words helped you to find the riddle? - What season do these words describe? It becomes easier for the students to find the answer to the riddle through the questions given by the teacher. If the students do not find the answer, the teacher analyzes the riddle verbatim, that is, "a bright light with a trail of a snake", so it is a long light, from the word cloud it is related to the sky, and from the next line it is known that it has a voice. Students will quickly find the answer after such an analysis. If students are unable to find the answer to a riddle after analysis, they are shown a picture of the answer, or by showing pictures related to the answer, students are encouraged to find the answer to the riddle. Every object we interact with in life has many properties. Their color, function, weight, appearance are different. For this reason, several riddles are woven about everything and are present in our folklore. At the same time, the answer may not be the same because the signs 625 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us expressed in a riddle about an object or event are also present in something else, for example, a set of riddles about a simple drop contains fourteen examples. If one of them says ―Tumshuqsiz chumchuq muz teshar‖, the second one is ―Jingila sichqon yer qazir‖, and the third one is created in the style of ―Oʻtmas pichoq yer kavlar‖ and is passed from mouth to mouth, but in all of them, a drop of water is thought about. This collection contains nineteen riddles about water. Sometimes in a puzzle, the properties of an object are listed one after the other, and this is intended to make the puzzle easier to find. Therefore, in Uzbek folklore, we can find riddles about the world around us, all objects and events in it. 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