47 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 10, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Specific Characteristics of Samarkand-Karshi Economic District (In the Example of the 50-80s of the 20th Century) Mamatkulov Akmal Yakhshibayevich Uzbek State Institute of Arts and Culture, Head of the Department of “Cultural Studies” Abstract The article analyzes such issues as introducing innovations into the activities of free economic zones, creating more favorable conditions for the participation of Free Economic Zones. Also, during the period of the former totalitarian regime, the improvement and modernization of the legal regulation of the activities of economic regions is gaining relevance. Keywords: mining industry, Academy of Sciences, cotton growing, viticulture, cocoon growing, farming, agriculture, gross product, dry lands. After the independence of Uzbekistan, it became necessary to study administrative-territorial and economic regions in our country. Because the economic development of regions in every region of our country is important even today. Also, work aimed at the organization of free economic zones, the creation of appropriate conditions and benefits by the government for the enterprises and workers there, and the development and improvement of legal and regulatory documents are being carried out. If we look at the history of this issue, in 1951, the government of Uzbekistan established a council for the study of production forces under the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. In cooperation with the State Planning Committee of the Uzbek SSR, the Council was assigned the task of studying important issues of the national economy, conducting research on the complex problems of the respective regions. 1 . The tasks set on the basis of this assignment should help to increase Uzbekistan's contribution to the All-Union Fund and the development of the post-war economy. At that time, he had to develop the scientific basis for the development of Mirzachol, Fergana Valley, Angren-Almalik mining region, Bukhara-Navoi, the lower reaches of Amudarya and other regions. In the 1960s, the republic ranked fourth among the allied republics in terms of population after the RSFSR, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, and was the first among the four republics of the Central Asian Economic Region 2 the council became the center of attention. In this regard, it was necessary to determine the tasks of industrialization of several cities with residents not employed in production, including Jizzakh, Margilan, Karshi, Urganch, Khovos, Tortkol, Chimboy. 3 . Meanwhile, the regions of Uzbekistan differed in terms of development. Industries were well developed in Tashkent, Samarkand and Fergana Valley regions. The activities of the council continued in the following years, and researches were conducted on the regional development of Uzbekistan. Such scientists as S.K.Ziyadullaev, K.N.Bedrinsev, K.I.Lapkin regularly participated in them. This was a controversial topic that continued into the 1980s. The work of 1 Бедринцев К., Мошенко В. Совет по изучению пооизводительных сил Узбекистана. – Ташкент: Фан, 1981. – С.3. 2 Бедринцев К., Мирзаев А. Ўзбекистонликларнинг келажак авлодлари қаерда яшайди // Ўзбекистон коммунисти. 1988 йил 12 декабрь. – 11 б. 3 Развитие и размещение произвоительных сил СССР. ... –С.47. 48 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us T.M. Akhmedov, A.M. Sodikov and others focused on the implementation of zoning in the country, that is, dividing the territory of the republic into regions. In this regard, some scientists suggested dividing the territory of the country into 6 or 7 parts. One group of scientists supported the division of Uzbekistan into Tashkent, Fergana, Lower Amudarya, Southern Mirzachol and Zarafshan economic regions, while the second group of scientists took Kashkadarya and Bukhara regions as one region and classified the regions as follows classified - Tashkent, Fergana, Mirzachol, Samarkand-Navoi, Bukhara-Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya and Lower Amudarya 4 . Naturally, the natural conditions of Uzbekistan are diverse and, mainly, it is convenient for the development of various sectors of the national economy, the republic has vast valleys, hot sand deserts, mountains, underground and other natural resources, and other it was no secret that his position among the allied republics was the reason for such views. Economic regions in Uzbekistan in the 1970s 5 , consisted of the following. In the 1960s, the republic ranked fourth among the allied republics in terms of population after the RSFSR, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, and was the first among the four republics of the Central Asian Economic Region 6 the council became the center of attention. In this regard, it was necessary to determine the tasks of industrialization of several cities with residents not employed in production, including Jizzakh, Margilan, Karshi, Urganch, Khovos, Tortkol, Chimboy. 7 . Meanwhile, the regions of Uzbekistan differed in terms of development. Industries were well developed in Tashkent, Samarkand and Fergana Valley regions. The activities of the council continued in the following years, and researches were conducted on the regional development of Uzbekistan. Such scientists as S.K.Ziyadullaev, K.N.Bedrinsev, K.I.Lapkin regularly participated in them. This was a controversial topic that continued into the 1980s. The work of T.M. Akhmedov, A.M. Sodikov and others focused on the implementation of zoning in the country, that is, dividing the territory of the republic into regions. In this regard, some scientists suggested dividing the territory of the country into 6 or 7 parts. One group of scientists supported the division of Uzbekistan into Tashkent, Fergana, Lower Amudarya, Southern Mirzachol and Zarafshan economic regions, while the second group of scientists took Kashkadarya and Bukhara regions as one region and classified the regions as follows classified - Tashkent, Fergana, Mirzachol, Samarkand-Navoi, Bukhara-Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya and Lower Amudarya 8 . Naturally, the natural conditions of Uzbekistan are diverse and, mainly, it is convenient for the development of various sectors of the national economy, the republic has vast valleys, hot sand deserts, mountains, underground and other natural resources, and other it was no secret that his position among the allied republics was the reason for such views. Economic regions in Uzbekistan in the 1970s 9 , consisted of the following. Samarkand-Karshi economic region (Samarkand and Kashkadarya regions) made up 11.8 percent of the territory of the republic, and 18 percent of the population 10 . It was considered a region with developed cotton, grape growing, and cocoon growing. Farming provided 75% of the gross agricultural product. Large areas of dry lands corresponded to Kashkadarya and Samarkand regions. A number of reservoirs were built in these regions for the development of agriculture. 4 Хошимов П.З., Жумаев С.К. Минтақалар ижтимоий – иқтисодий ривожланиши ҳолатининг таҳлили // Иқтисод ва молия. 2012, №10. – 33 б. 5 Балтаев Т. Сбалансированность спроса и предложения товаров легкой промышленности. (региональные проблемы). ... – С. 27. 6 Бедринцев К., Мирзаев А. Ўзбекистонликларнинг келажак авлодлари қаерда яшайди // Ўзбекистон коммунисти. 1988 йил 12 декабрь. – 11 б. 7 Развитие и размещение произвоительных сил СССР. ... –С.47. 8 Хошимов П.З., Жумаев С.К. Минтақалар ижтимоий – иқтисодий ривожланиши ҳолатининг таҳлили // Иқтисод ва молия. 2012, №10. – 33 б. 9 Балтаев Т. Сбалансированность спроса и предложения товаров легкой промышленности. (региональные проблемы). ... – С. 27. 10 Зиядуллаев С.К. Ўзбекистон экономикасининг регионал проблемалари. ... – 17 б. 49 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us About 74% of the population of Kashkadarya region and 70% of the population of Samarkand region lived in villages 11 . Most of them were engaged in agriculture. Although Kashkadarya has the necessary resources and opportunities, the industrial development here is lagging behind in terms of all indicators. 12 Even so, light and food industry, mechanical engineering and metallurgy, chemical and building materials, natural gas production and its processing are the main industries. Even "mountains" of waste - phosphogypsum appeared around Samarkand chemical plants. Several thousand hectares of land were needed to keep them 13 . The main part of the electricity produced in the republic came from Tashkent (40.9 percent), Syrdarya (32.2 percent), and Samarkand (15.4 percent) regions. 14 . Samarkand-Karshi economic region played an important role in the production of knitted goods, like Ferghana economic region. 15 . Another branch of mechanical engineering, the electrical engineering industry, is one of the main branches of the republic's machine-building, its weight in the republic's machine-building is 20 percent, and it is almost equal to the branch of agricultural machine-building. The electrical engineering enterprises of Uzbekistan produced 200 types of products in total, including transformers, panels, cables for various purposes, electrical equipment for various transformers, power stations and substations. Uzbekistan has taken the leading place in the country in the development of some types of these products. The largest enterprises of electrotechnical engineering in Uzbekistan included Tashkent electrotechnical and cable plants, Chirchik and Namangan transformer plants, "Elektroapparat" and "Elektrodvigatel" in Andijan, Kokan electrical engineering plants and others. The republican electrotechnical machine-building enterprises were part of two production equipment associations "Sredazelektroapparat" and "Uzelektroterm". In the 1970s, heavy industry was the leading branch of Uzbekistan's industry, 42.1% of the gross product, 57.1% of the workers and 77.7% of the main production funds in the entire industry were accounted for by heavy industry. ri came. The development of heavy industry was, first of all, related to the creation of the material and technical base of the national economy of the republic and mainly the material and technical base of the cotton complex. Light industry accounted for 39% of gross output, 29.1% of workers and 10.2% of fixed assets. Cotton ginning, tailoring, silk, leather-shoes and other industries took a big place in the light industry. 16 . In general, a number of branches of Uzbekistan's industry produced products that are used throughout the Union. These industries included non-ferrous metallurgy, gas industry, some types of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, cotton ginning, silk and food industry, fruit and canning, oil factory, winemaking and other industries. Chemical industry is one of the developed industries in Uzbekistan, which served the cotton economy complex from the first years of its existence. The Chirchik Electrochemical Combine, which started working in 1940, was built in 1946 in Kokan and in 1957 in Samarkand superphosphate plants. Another area of the chemical industry that produces products related to the cotton economy complex is chemical preparations against cotton pests and weeds, cotton defoliants, g Desiccants for root drying were prepared at Navoi Electrochemical Plant, Fergana Nitrogen Fertilizer Plant and other plants. In short, each economic region is fulfilling its task with its specialized production. They worked in the socialist production system and followed the basic economic law of socialism. At the moment, the aspects that develop economic regions in the country are technology, population with certain production skills, natural conditions and resources of the region. 11 Народное хозяйство Узбекской ССР в 1987 году. (Стат. ежегодник). ... –С.15. 12 Досумов. Р.Я. Перестройка управления промышленным производством в новых условиях хозяйствования. ...- С.12. 13 Асқаров М. Ўзбекистон химиясининг истиқболи. – Тошкент: Фан, 1985. – 35 б. 14 Тўхлиев Н. Ўзбекистон иқтисодиѐти. ... – 29 б. 15 Балтаев Т.Т. Сбалансировать спроса и предложения товаров легкой промышленности. Региональные проблемы. ... – С.28. 16 Ўзбекистон саноати структурасидаги прогрессив силжишлар. – Тошкент: Фан, 1974. – 182 б. 50 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us References 1. Muhammad, Rustamov. 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