119 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 10, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Reading Culture – Intellectual Potential Muborak Yakubzhanovna Khakimova Uzbek State Institute of Arts and Culture Abstract The scientific article talks about culture as a continuous conscious creative activity, which is associated with the creation of material and spiritual riches, their preservation and transmission to future generations. The process of emergence and development of reading culture as a structural, important element of general culture is considered. It is explained that it is a set of special knowledge, skills and experience necessary to study publications and electronic resources, and recommendations are given on the formation of reading culture in cooperation of family, school and library. Keywords: Culture, reading, event, process, activity, material wealth, spiritual wealth, creative activity, thinking, socialization, information technology, mental development, information, knowledge, scientific knowledge. The Philosophy Dictionary defines it as “Culture (Arabic: Medyn, urban, educated) is a unique way of human activity, reflected in nature and relationships.” [4.P.230]. In our opinion, culture is a continuous, continuous, conscious creative activity associated with the creation of material and spiritual wealth, their preservation, preservation and transmission to future generations. During this creative activity, many discoveries were made, and the discovery of writing and books served as the basis for all subsequent discoveries. In our opinion, culture is a continuous, continuous, conscious creative activity associated with the creation of material and spiritual wealth, their preservation, preservation and transmission to future generations. During this creative activity, many discoveries were made, and the discovery of writing and books served as the basis for all subsequent discoveries. Literally the birth of human society, writing is one of the most important factors in the long and complex process of gradual improvement of humanity. Writing arose much later than language (sound language appeared 400-500 thousand years ago, and writing - 4-6 million years ago). Writing appeared when there was a need to store thoughts for a certain period of time, when the ability to convey them through language was no longer enough for communication. Writing is a system of fixing on a material basis (stone, clay, papyrus, paper, electronics, etc.) conventional symbols that serve to convey the purpose of sounds and words from one person to another. Therefore, the emergence and development of writing is directly related to the development of society, as well as the need for communication between people at a certain distance, the need to record, store and transmit information of a political, legal, religious and aesthetic nature. The expansion of the Urug community, the formation of tribes, the unification of tribes and states further expand the sphere of speech communication; industrial and trade relations will expand; comprehensive agreements (military, political, economic) are concluded with other countries; the need to consolidate adopted laws, treaties, various forms of religious views and ideology, as well as individual historical events on a material basis. 120 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Although writing is considered a secondary, additional means of communication compared to spoken language, it has many advantages. In particular, without writing the main communicative function of language (communication between people) cannot be realized; without writing it is difficult to imagine the cognitive (epistemological), aesthetic, and moral functions of language. In particular, the function of language, which is to preserve the experience and knowledge acquired during the historical development of mankind, raise it to a new level with each generation and transmit it to future generations, is carried out directly through writing. A book (Arabic - written, covered work) is a means of storing and disseminating information, ideas, images and knowledge, forming socio-political, scientific, ethical and aesthetic views. In international statistics, according to UNESCO recommendations, a book is conventionally called a non-periodical publication of at least 48 pages, bound together. Although writing is considered a secondary, additional means of communication compared to spoken language, it has many advantages. In particular, without writing the main communicative function of language (communication between people) cannot be realized; without writing it is difficult to imagine the cognitive (epistemological), aesthetic, and moral functions of language. In particular, the function of language, which is to preserve the experience and knowledge acquired during the historical development of mankind, raise it to a new level with each generation and transmit it to future generations, is carried out directly through writing. A book (Arabic - written, covered work) is a means of storing and disseminating information, ideas, images and knowledge, forming socio-political, scientific, ethical and aesthetic views. In international statistics, according to UNESCO recommendations, a book is conventionally called a non-periodical publication of at least 48 pages, bound together. Although a book is a product belonging to the material sphere of society, it has a great influence on the most sensitive sphere of a person‟s personality, that is, on his spiritual world. Under the influence of a book, an idea, an image, and a thought are created for each person, forming a body of knowledge that influences the development of social consciousness. The Greek "biblio", the Latin "liver", the Semitic "sefer", the Arabic "book", the Slavic "book" have the same general meaning, they mean information, acquisition of knowledge, dissemination. A book is a product of human mental and physical labor and the result of social development. Although a book has its consumer value as a complex product of labor, it is not only a simple material object, a carrier of information, but also a means of accelerating development in the form of structures, technologies, spiritual values, knowledge and thinking of users. in the form of information culture at certain stages of its historical development. Today, libraries are expressed in such concepts as “information resource center”, “information library institution”, but initially they meant “a place for storing books”. Currently, it is important for libraries to collect in their collections all sources of information, information and knowledge, create modern conditions for their study and creative use, and serve professional staff with special knowledge in the process of creating a reading culture. [5.P.15] Currently, the problem of reading occupies a central place in the professional consciousness of everyone involved in the creation and distribution of books. In order to raise the reading culture to the required level, it is becoming increasingly clear that it is necessary to unite the efforts of publishers, booksellers, librarians, teachers, parents, and child care providers. Reading is the basis for the spiritual and intellectual development of every person, and reading for a nation is a factor that ensures the spiritual and material development of the entire country. As a result of the inability of many users to express their needs for information, information and various knowledge in the right direction, to be able to quickly find and analyze what they need, many resources stored in library and information institutions remain unused. In such cases, promotional materials and booklets, such as the “Guide to the Library‟s Electronic Collections,” “Freshers‟ Monthly,” and “Freshers‟ Monthly,” can help them. 121 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us The manifestation of reading as an important aesthetic element in the structure of culture is manifested in the spiritual and intellectual enrichment, creative and social activity of students. Reading is a very complex phenomenon as a process and activity. An analysis of the problem of studying reading in Uzbekistan and other foreign countries shows that it is currently being studied in the fields of sociology and psychology, pedagogy and philology, hermeneutics and linguistics, history and literary criticism, philosophy and cultural studies, journalism and medicine. Reading by various democratic and social groups (schoolchildren, students, townspeople, rural residents, people with disabilities, etc.) at different historical stages of the development of our country, as well as books and reading in the life of different regions, motives for reading, the influence of reading on social activity, You can notice the influence of reading on a person‟s physical and psychological state, the ratio of audiovisual channels of reading and obtaining information, the ratio of reading in the library and outside it. libraries, features of reading fiction and other literary genres, the role of reading in the leisure of various groups of users. Most foreign research on reading dates back to the 1930s and 1940s and includes studies of the reading needs of specific college students, the reading interests of racially diverse college students, and the reading of nursing home residents. In the experience of foreign countries, children's reading, the role of reading in family and social life and other areas are more often studied in cultural, social, and educational areas. Particular attention is paid to the study of reading in the USA. The role and importance of reading in the life of society is given importance at the state level. Back in the 1980s, special importance was attached to reading at higher levels. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan's address declared that the nation was becoming a "spectating nation." From the 90s of the 20th century to the present day, research on changes in American book reading has been carried out continuously. Today in Western countries, research is being conducted to improve the culture of reading and improve the quality of reading as part of programs to organize reading among non-reading segments of the population. Today these programs are implemented in more than 30 countries around the world. Programs for the support and development of reading adopted in many countries require that the knowledge and skills of all of the above specialists be aimed at attracting all segments of the population to reading, improving its quality and level. The main attention should be paid to the following areas: 1. Reading, like writing and literature, is a universal phenomenon. 2. The formation of a worldview, level of education, emotional and intellectual development is carried out only through reading. 3. Reading is one of the main means of human socialization. Through reading, a socially useful personality is formed; as a result of socialization, the social climate in society is facilitated and tolerance is formed. Regardless of the development of information technology, reading is the main intellectual technology for mastering the knowledge created by humanity. This feature of reading allows us to preserve it as a unique tool for the development of the individual and society as a whole. As mentioned above, reading is associated with professional maturity, emotional and intellectual development of a person. This is why reading is of particular importance at all stages of socialization (childhood, adolescence, adolescence, adulthood) and should become a strategy for every person throughout his life. The quality and level of a person‟s reading has a direct impact on the system of social consciousness of a society, nation, country. 122 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us Today, countries are divided into information-rich and information-rich countries. However, based on the fact that the most important value is not information, but the acquisition of knowledge, UNESCO proclaimed the slogan “From the information society to the knowledge society.” In fact, the concepts of “information”, “information” and “knowledge” are similar to each other. Part of the reason for this is that evidence that acts as information at one level may act as information at another level. Information is used to draw certain conclusions or make decisions. It can be stored and transmitted, but cannot be used as information. The concept of “data” reflects a collection of unrelated facts. You can turn data into information by analyzing it, identifying its connections, identifying the most important evidence, and synthesizing it. Therefore, information is more valuable than data [6.P.302]. Information is information put into a specific form for rational use. Never before has humanity collected information as much as it does now. This is especially true for the growth of scientific knowledge. And the third increase occurred in 1950, that is, in just 50 years. If in the 19th century the volume of scientific information doubled every 50 years, now it doubles every 20 months [7.P.14]. To date, there is no solution to the problem of the relationship between information and knowledge. In general, the concept of information is broader than the concept of knowledge. On the other hand, if we understand information only as formalized knowledge, and knowledge as a form of existence of consciousness, then the concept of knowledge is broader than the concept of information. No symbol or group of symbols can be knowledge solely by virtue of its physical nature. In order for them to become knowledge, they must have a certain meaning, serve as the basis for activity and enter into certain practical relationships. Knowledge is a reflection of existence in emotional and logical forms, which is considered a necessary condition of human activity, formed in the process of a person‟s practical relationship to existence. Knowledge always contains information, but this “human” information has its own characteristics. Knowledge is an integral part of human consciousness. Consciousness, in addition to knowledge, also has feelings, moods, intuition, will, etc. Knowledge, as an integral part of consciousness, is closely related to them. Information is added to the communication process, which creates the opportunity for knowledge to become the intellectual wealth of a particular person. The content of knowledge of a particular subject is never limited to the content of perceived information. Perception as a special type of knowledge involves understanding, understanding and interpreting the information received. It is clear that since knowledge consists of assimilated, analyzed, assimilated information, it is impossible to imagine the process of processing information without reading. Today there is a lot of talk and research about human information culture. But is it possible to talk about the formation of an information culture in a society that does not read? Of course, the basis of information culture is the culture of reading, which is formed in the family, school, and library. Since the formation of a reading culture is considered one of the social problems that determine the level of general cultural development of society, librarian scientists in our country have carried out certain work in this direction. For example, in the studies of O. Kasimova, E. A. Okhunjonov, M. A. Rakhimova, E. Yuldashev, E. Islamov, M. M. Turopov, M. Kh. Makhmudov, reading culture was considered together with general problems of librarianship. In particular, the research of Professor E.I. Yuldashev on the topic of guiding user reading, library and children's reading put forward a number of ideas related to the creation of a national model of reading culture and the origins of its formation. 123 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us B.I. Ganieva‟s research work is devoted to the formation of a reading culture in children of primary school age and the problems of cooperation between families, preschool institutions, library and information institutions, and the rational organization of students‟ free time. Of particular importance are A. O. Umarov‟s scientific and sociological analyzes of the culture of reading, its place and role in the development of society. In these studies, reading culture is analyzed as a unity of the principles of voluntariness, awareness in learning, free choice of activity, conscious motivation for improvement, principles of internal appeal, which are its important components, and is analyzed as specific driving factors of development. human development. A. Abduazizov's research work is devoted to a sociological analysis of the formation of a reading culture among students of secondary specialized vocational educational institutions. V. A. Borodina, scientists of the Commonwealth of Independent States, on the formation and development of a personal reading culture, theoretical and methodological directions. Yu.P. Melenteeva, N.V. Zbarovskaya and L.V. Tananakina also did some work. In their work, reading culture is considered as a phenomenon, process and activity, and the activities of library and information institutions are analyzed as a necessary condition for the formation of a reading culture. Issues of formation of a reading culture among schoolchildren by M.I. Gubanova, issues of orientation of children's reading in library and information institutions by V.P. Chudinova, V.D. Stelmak, N.N. Zhitomirova, V.A. Voronets, S.N. Serovars have been widely studied. Today, when the flow of information is increasing, the virtual world is saturated with a variety of information that cultivates the spiritual thinking of all citizens, especially young people, forming in them a culture of reading and reading, turning this culture into a permanent and regular skill. becomes more important than ever. Issues of formation of a reading culture among schoolchildren by M.I. Gubanova, issues of orientation of children's reading in library and information institutions by V.P. Chudinova, V.D. Stelmak, N.N. Zhitomirova, V.A. Voronets, S.N. Serovars have been widely studied. Today, when the flow of information is increasing, the virtual world is saturated with a variety of information that cultivates the spiritual thinking of all citizens, especially young people, forming in them a culture of reading and reading, turning this culture into a permanent and regular skill. becomes more important than ever. It is known that all the great historical scientists equated and compared the book with light, the power of thought, a symbol of spirituality, a source of knowledge, a closest adviser and a true friend. Over the two-thousand-year period of the existence of human society, many universal discoveries were made, and the invention of printing was unanimously recognized by world scientists, politicians, public figures and public organizations as a great event that made an incomparable contribution to its development. The word "reading " means "reading", and in today's information age it has a much broader meaning - a book for reading. The constituent elements of a reading culture, satisfaction, the desire for conscious knowledge, freely chosen activity, conscious motivation for self- improvement are motivating factors for a person‟s spiritual growth. The word ""reading " means "reading", and in today's information age it has a much broader meaning - a book for reading. The constituent elements of a reading culture, satisfaction, the desire for conscious knowledge, freely chosen activity, conscious motivation for self-improvement are motivating factors for a person‟s spiritual growth. A positive attitude towards reading and reading books has existed in Uzbek families since ancient times. Navoi, Fuzuli, Bedil, Mashrab. They read the ghazals of Uwaisi, Nadira and Abdullah Qadiri in groups, hand in hand, as a family. However, the environment typical of the 124 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us reality of the 21st century requires the ability to quickly obtain what is needed from a huge flow of information, quickly analyze it and use it effectively. Since one of the main directions of developing a reading culture is the study of the interests and needs of users, in order to determine the sources of their use, according to the results of surveys conducted in 2023 among users of the Republican Information Service. Library center, 32% of respondents (1436 people in total) get the necessary information from books, 26% from the Internet, 18% from e-books, 10% from television and radio, 4% from the workplace. Thus, most users satisfy their reading needs through books. According to Professor E. Yuldoshev‟s textbook “Leading Children‟s Readings,” reading culture is a very broad concept, and it is a skill that helps develop interest and love for books, better recognize literature, and acquire special knowledge about books and work. with them, as well as to fully use the books and requires qualifications. The culture of reading teaches the reader to fully understand literature, receive aesthetic pleasure from it, understand and evaluate the thoughts and ideas of the author. In addition, it teaches how to use books and libraries, find books on interesting or necessary issues in the information and bibliographic apparatus, and use them in reading, work and life. Choosing a book, reading it quickly, storing it carefully, organizing a personal library, the ability to recommend books and bibliographic documents read to others is part of the culture of reading. 3 (3.B.-101). In the “Library Encyclopedia”, published in the Russian Federation, “Reading culture is a set of skills and competencies necessary for the optimal organization of the reading process, achieving social goals and acquiring knowledge; personality is one of the components of information culture”; is defined as. Reading culture is also considered as one of the typological characteristics of users. The culture of reading, together with the culture of work, life and free time, characterizes the general culture of a person, forms moral and aesthetic taste, increases the intellectual level, develops speech and generally expands the spiritual capabilities of a person. Today, the concept of reading in scientific research is interpreted not only as the process of reading books or other publications, but also as the process of assimilation of information from various information sources. For example, in the book by Professor A. Umarov “The Culture of Reading: Personality, Society, Development” it is stated that “Reading is a phenomenon of cognition, learning, assimilation. This is based on purposeful activity, reading and assimilation of information from the text, depending on the various needs of the social subject.” (4.B.-88) Summarizing the ideas about reading culture in this literature, we can give the following definition: the concept of reading culture in a broad sense is the ability to correctly and systematically organize reading time; study in an orderly and continuous manner; is able to independently select and sort books and information; popular science or fiction, the ability to correctly think through various information, critically evaluate and draw the right conclusions; be able to find the necessary literature, information through bibliographic indicators and other sources of information; be able to carefully use books and other press publications; maintain reading hygiene, organize reading speed in accordance with the purpose; is an activity that allows you to recommend the best books and valuable information to others. Reading culture is a set of specialized knowledge, articles and experience necessary for the study of printed publications and electronic resources. Parents have a responsibility to help their children choose books based on their age, interests and tastes, and to pay particular attention to the educational aspects of the book chosen for reading. Above all, it is important for parents to read regularly and set an example for their children. In educational institutions, namely kindergartens, junior classes, middle classes, high schools, students of academic lyceums, vocational colleges, students of higher educational institutions, draw up a strict list of literature that needs to be read, taking into account their age 125 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us characteristics, specialties and level control. training., there is a need to create a more advanced method of stimulation. The goal can only be achieved if the promotion of reading books in educational institutions is carried out from the point of view of language, history, religion, independence, freedom and interests of the nation. From this point of view, the main goal should be to develop the ability to distinguish books that have a positive impact on the thinking and morality of society and the individual from books that have superficial, moral, aesthetic, and spiritual value. The reading environment created in educational institutions not only has an individual impact, but also allows for the formation of a culture of mass reading with the appropriate use of mass and group influence. In the media, especially television, people who read widely, are analytical, and can give a clear, informed opinion about each recommended piece can have a positive effect. Otherwise, conversations between announcers and television radio journalists who obviously have not read a given book will not have a positive impact on the formation of a reading culture. It should be noted that the work being carried out today in the above areas does not correspond to the level of demand. In particular, since not all parents know the rules for choosing and recommending books suitable for the age of their children, correct and expressive reading, this task mainly falls on kindergartens, schools and libraries. The beginning of problems can be traced back to another node in the chain of problems. That is, most kindergarten teachers and school teachers are not even interested in what new books, journal articles, and bibliographies are being published in their field or the subject they teach. Unfortunately, some of them do not even have an idea about the bibliographic index. Most information and library institutions do not promote knowledge among readers and students about the information and bibliographic equipment they have. Observations show that even the majority of students at higher educational institutions do not know how to correctly use information and bibliographic apparatus. As a result, the formation of a reading culture does not occur as expected, which negatively affects the growth of the general reading culture of the population. Therefore, the tasks of increasing the activity of members of society by cultivating a sense of belonging to great changes in the sphere of socio-political and cultural life require improving service to users as a collective activity of the library and information service. Two interrelated areas - consulting users on reading and information services - constitute the main content of the library and information service. Guiding users to read is one of the main directions of our national idea - a unique system of influencing the content of the culture of public reading with the aim of forming a perfect personality. Information recorded through readings and symbols. is a communicative activity aimed at assimilation of information. This complex communication system includes the author-publisher- printed source)-information dissemination-dissemination-user system, and each part of it is associated with a specific area of society. The user of a library and information institution is an object of information and promotion, pre-election influence and at the same time a selected active subject. Various sociological studies also note cases where, in terms of the purpose of attitude to information, the leaders are continuity of reading, printed publications, electronic information, and the direction of including people in the actively reading part of the population. But these indicators are variable. Continuity and continuity of reading vary depending on the free time and professional activities of a person. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the main differentiating feature depending on the characteristics of reading. Such a distinctive feature is the transformation of reading into an activity that satisfies the spiritual needs of a person. During this activity, the psychology of reading is formed in the subject‟s mind, regulating his interaction with the publication product or sources of information. Accordingly, the user is a social subject who has a unique reading psychology, who is influenced by the author, the product of the publication, the source of information, its distribution and 126 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us promotion, and who carries out constant reading activity in accordance with his spiritual needs. User research is considered as an activity aimed at improving the provision of library information services to them from a sociological, psychological and pedagogical point of view. It is a condition and an integral part of the work carried out with users in the process of library information services, and provides little feedback in the reading management process, except for providing a basis for assessing the effectiveness of library information services. Dividing users into certain groups means grouping them according to characteristics that have a strong influence on the formation of user psychology. When grouping users, attention is also paid to demographic, socio-professional, and socio-psychological characteristics. The provision of library and information services is carried out through satisfying the interests and needs of users, guidance in reading, providing information, bibliographic and information retrieval support and can be defined as a system of organizational forms of servicing users. Libraries occupy a special place in the system of educational institutions. But in these institutions, only the presence of employees with special knowledge and skills in working with readers can ensure the success of creating a reading culture. Since the formation of a reading culture is associated with reading activity, an employee of a library and information institution needs to use his capabilities as a teacher to improve the skills of his pursuit of a goal, his will, responsibility, and the ability to control himself can be applied. Library and information institutions must be able to offer new forms of service using new information delivery technologies, expand the ability to collect electronic resources and use remote resources, along with the promotion of traditional books. To create a reading culture that combines the forms and methods of traditional librarianship with the positive results of the widespread use of new technologies, library and information institutions should pay attention to the following situations:  Widespread use of new forms and methods of attracting users to library and information institutions;  Active participation in the implementation of programs related to reading and reading culture implemented in our country;  Formation of users‟ skills to independently use the information and bibliographic apparatus of the library;  Development of methods for optimizing the scientific and theoretical capabilities of the reading process; - developing skills and culture of using the Internet;  Continuous professional development of library and information institution employees. It determines the intellectual level of a nation and the competitiveness of the state in society, regardless of the form of reading (from the page of a book, from a screen, from a monitor). Currently, the attention of everyone involved in reading and specialists (parents, teachers, librarians) should be focused on the implementation of the following tasks:  influence on ensuring a publishing policy that ensures that each published book corresponds to a person‟s life strategy;  contribute to the creation of a database consistent with the objectives of this policy; - ensuring delivery of books to the most remote areas;  achieve the elimination of all existing barriers to the provision of services to all user groups and persons with special needs;  creation of methods, tools and technologies for attracting users to reading, regardless of their age, gender, psychological and educational level, effectively using the achievements of modern pedagogy and psychology;  formation of a high level of reading culture and information culture among all user groups in order to solve problems related to obtaining information, mastering professional factors, and 127 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us independent learning. The implementation of these tasks involves coordinating the efforts of all parties involved, and libraries play a key role in this link. References: 1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the creation of a commission for the development of a system of printing and distribution of book products, for the promotion and popularization of reading books and reading culture. January 12, 2017 2. Decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the program of activities of the commission for the development of the system of publishing and distributing book products, enhancing and promoting the culture of reading and reading books. September 13, 2017 3. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the further formation of the provision of information and library services to the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan. June 7, 2019 4. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Development strategy of the new Uzbekistan. 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