377 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 10, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Classification of Homonyms in Uzbek Linguistics Rajabov Feruz Umarkulovich, Ph.D Doctor of philosophy in philology senior teacher of QarMII Academic Lyceum Abstract The article provides an analysis of the description of homonyms. Homonymy and related concepts:homophony, homography, homomorphism, omophraseology, omosyntagmy, homonymous omolexema, omoform omolexema are described in the literature. It is noted that most of these classifications are based on theoretical interpretations of the formation of homonyms. Keywords: homonym, semantic homonymy, omoform, omolexema, lexical homonyms, syntactic homonyms, affixal homonyms, paralinguistic homonymy, dialectal homonymy. In Uzbek linguistics, various opinions on homonyms and their types and formation have been raised, and homonyms have been classified differently according to their meaning. In particular, G. Abdurakhmanov in the textbook "Current Uzbek Literary Language" has different meanings from time immemorial, belongs to different word groups and is used with different affixes. notes that words are considered partial or functional homonyms. Words such as horse, grass, tut, type, dream, three, dirt, month, goat, sown are included in the group of functional homonyms. Some linguists pointed out that such homonyms are called omoforms or homonymous words. Homonyms are different in terms of internal structure and external appearance. According to their material, content and graphic forms, they are divided into six main groups: 1. Lexical homonyms. A word is a lexical unit of the language, as a complex of meaningful sounds, it includes elements such as root-base, word-forming affixes, compound words, and even synonyms. . From this point of view, homonyms with a single form are included in the group of lexical homonyms due to their variety of meanings, types of formation and structure, belonging to different word groups. Therefore, there are complete or pure homonyms related to a group of words such as day, month, three, and hunger; functional homonyms of various word groups, such as horse, tut, three, goat, are also considered lexical homonyms. 2. Semantic homonyms. Homonyms are checked from the point of view of the closeness or distance of word meanings, the presence or absence of semantic relations between them. For example, the word class is the division of people into groups, such as: 1) study groups; 2) denotes social classes; the word blue is 1) the color of the sky; 2) the meaning of the color of newly growing lawns; a key means 1) an object used to open a door lock and 2) a section in a dictionary that reveals the sources of words. Such homonyms are considered semantic homonyms according to the meaning relationship. 3. Morphological homonyms or homomorphemes. Homonyms are studied from the point of view of what lexical-grammatical group the words belong to, which word group they belong to, and how the word is formed or changed. For example, homonyms such as horse, tut, yot, kir, three belong to this group. Because of the homonyms of horse and tut, 1) as words of the noun family, words such as отлик, отбогар and тутли, тутсе, туци, тутзор, and 2) as words of the verb family, отлик, отянден, отян and тутинди, тутзы as words Forms are made. Similarly, the homonyms of yot and kir are 1) adjective: yot kishi (stranger) and dirty shirt, 2) verb: he was lying and came in; homonyms of three 1) as a noun: the tip of a feather, the tip of a spear or the 378 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us tip of a spear, patir from the tip of a dough, 2) as a number: three people, three children, three, of three, three, three, third, 3) as a verb: flew, flew passed, pilot, spark. Regardless, since they are pronounced and written in the same root form, the words ot, tut, yot, qir, och are morphological homonyms such as suzma, tortma, kesma, szery, szery or are homomorphemes. 4. Phonetic homonyms (or homophonemes). All speech sounds in a word are pronounced almost the same, but some consonant phonemes differ from each other in writing in terms of voiced or unvoiced. Similar words are called homophonemes. For example: bop - bob, sop - sob, tup - tub, tuk-tug, ek - eg, yot - yod, sut - sud, kat - kad, etc. 5. Graphic homonyms (homograph or homograms). It is written in the same way, but some vowels are long-short, wide-narrow; words that are pronounced differently and have different meanings depending on the position of the word stress are included in graphic homonyms or homographs. For example: 1) chin - correct, true (you spoke the truth); 2) chi:n - Chinese, Chinese people (in the old literary language); 1) tush - the second person singular, 2) tu:sh - the name of a color (like sora tush). Homographs according to word stress: apple and apple, terma and terma, suzma and suzma; boy and boy; what about the girl and the girl, the milkman and the milk? what about the hoe and the hoe? Such as. As a result of the enrichment of the lexicon of the literary language with international words and terms, the range of homographs has expanded some types of vowel and consonant phonemes have developed, the role and importance of word stress has increased. For example: words such as tok, ton, atlas, tom, fashion differ in both pronunciation and meaning: tok - grape, tok - elector power; tone is the root of the verb tone, tone is the tone of the sentence tone); atlas is a type of silk, atlas is a set of geographical maps, etc. With the appearance of a new morphological sign -ik, which forms an adjective in our language, the number of homographs that differ according to the place of word stress has increased. If the accent falls on the last syllable of the word, the homograph belongs to the adjective group, and if it falls on one of the preceding syllables, it belongs to the noun group. An example of this is the words in the base (the first word is a noun; the second word is an adjective): agrotechnical - agrotechnical, analytical - analytical, biophysical - biophysical, aesthetic - aesthetic, etc. 6. Syntactic homonyms (or omosyntagmas). Phrases formed as a result of the combination of words or combined words, if they are pronounced and written the same, are considered homosyntagma or homonyms in a combined form. For example, an elder, a swan, a blackbird, a hawk, etc [Abdurahmonov, 1966]. A similar classification is given in the textbook authored by E. Qilichev. It is noted that homonyms belong to different lexical-semantic groups and do not have a common integral meaning. The diversity of syntagmatic relations is indicated as the most important feature that distinguishes homonyms from each other. Homonyms are divided into six types according to the characteristics of the material, pronunciation, spelling and meaning: 1. Homonymy - occurring within the same word group by the material, receiving suffixes with the same function, the pronunciation and spelling are the same, but the meaning is the same. Lexical units with different names are called homonymy. 2. Homophony - homophones: words with the same pronunciation, different meaning and spelling: ton (clothes), ton (voice), yot (stranger), yod (memory); 3. Homography - homographs: words with the same spelling but different meanings and pronunciation: willow (tree); willow (building material), vine (grape), vine (electricity), roof (house), roof (book, collection of works). It is noted that the stress of homographs or homograms in exactly one word falls on different syllables in different cases, consists of only two words: apple (noun), apple (verb), button (subject), button (action). 4. Homomorphism (grammatical forms with the same form and pronunciation, but different meanings, omoforms): чопиш - - adverb: the name of an action, come -adverb: the unity ratio of the verb. 5. Omophraseology (phrases with the same form and pronunciation, but different meanings): he closed his eyes - he hid, he closed his eyes - he died. 6. Omosyntagmia (syntactic homonymy) - syntactic homonymy is a syntactic homonymy where phrases and sentences are similar in form to each other or 379 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us phrases: To tie one's waist with a string. To tie a belt, to start work. An elder is an old man, a white beard is a white beard. John Watan is a phrase. The soul and the body are united. The author considered homonymy the lexical units that occur within the same word group, receive suffixes with the same function, have the same pronunciation and spelling, but have different meanings. A homonym can belong to several groups of words. In this case, he noted that words form homonymy only in the stem state, and do not have homonymy according to other forms: write-write; wrote in summer [Qilichev, 1999]. S. Rahimov, B. Umurkulov divided homonyms into two: 1) dictionary homonyms; 2) grammatical homonyms. Lexical homonyms include words and phrases of the same form and divide them into two: lexical homonyms and phraseological homonyms. In the textbook of S. Rahimov, B. Umurkulov, the term lexical homonyms is pronounced, written, and all grammatical forms are the same, used in relation to words with different meanings: dogi I (wound), dogi II (again), dogi III (mountain); varmogin (did not give), varmogin (the habit of going), varmogin (finger). The term phraseological homonyms is used for the same expressions: raise your hand (vote), raise your hand (surrender), open your eyes (see a child), eye to crack (recover), to rise (to rise from illness), to rise (to riot) [Rahimov, Umurqulov, 2003]. Adverbs with the same form, but different grammatical functions, are described as grammatical homonyms. Grammatical homonyms, called "affix homonyms", are further divided into two groups: 1) affixal (additional) homonyms; 2) syntactic homonyms. Sh.Rakhmatullayev named lexemes with equal expression as omolexemes. He emphasized that there should be both pronunciation and literal (graphic) uniformity when defining omolexemas. For example, the lexeme tuy I (make powder) and the lexeme tuy II (feel). He divided omolexems into homonymous omolexems and omoform omolexems from the point of view of entering different grammatical forms: 1. Homonymous omolexems are equivalent in all alternative grammatical forms. For example, pumpkin I (cover over the eyes) - pumpkin II (plant name), chak I (break with a blow, break) - chak II (hurt with a spear). Homonymous lexemes in this group are evaluated as homonyms within the same category. 2. Homoform omolexems - omolexems that are equivalent only in some grammatical forms: nose I (the name of an organ in the human body) - nose II (past tense, "before"). Sh.Rakhmatullayev evaluated the relation tut-I (type of tree and its fruit) - tut-II (catch-) as homoform omolexemes: "horse I (noun) - horse II (work animal) - horse III (verb) ); in which noun I - noun II relation is homonymous omolexems; "Noun I - Noun III and Noun II - Noun III are omoform omolexemes." [Rahmatullayev, 2006:37-44]. According to M. Abdurahmonova's observations, homonyms are applied to language units that have the same form, as stated in the definitions. Especially in computer linguistics, it doesn't matter how it came about, what type it is. For example, gardens (groves) - gardens (verb form) are associated based on the same appearance, although they belong to different categories and have different grammatical forms. It is understood from the text what kind of homonym the word is. Therefore, when distinguishing homonyms, first of all, it is necessary to be based on the unit of formal expression. Accordingly, it is appropriate to group homonyms as follows: 1. Lexical homonyms - homonyms in word form. This includes the commonness of root words, the commonness of a root word - artificial word, the commonness of artificial words, and the commonness of lexical and syntactic form builders. 2. Phraseological homonyms - homonymy between phrases. 3. Phraseogrammatic homonyms - homonymy between phrases and word combinations. 4. Affixal homonyms - homonymy between affixes. 5. Symbolic homonyms - such as homonymy between symbols. [Abdurahmonova, 2023] It can be seen that the above classification of homonyms limits a certain linguistic unit of homonyms. After all, S. Kartsevsky's thesis that synonymy and homonymy exist in all phenomena of language was tested against grammatical synonymy and proved to be correct. [Berdialiyev, 1990]. Accordingly, homonyms can be classified as follows: 1) lexical homonymy; 2) phraseological homonymy; 3) terminological homonymy; 4) paraphrase homonymy; 5) 380 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us onomastic homonymy; 6) affix homonymy; 7) Phraseogrammatic homonymy; 8) syntactic homonymy; 9) symbolic homonymy; 10) semantic homonymy; 11) graphic homonymy; 12) phonetic homonymy; 13) dialectal homonymy; 14) homonymy of syntactic constructions; 15) poetic homonymy; 16) paralinguistic homonymy, etc. In short, in Uzbek linguistics, the phenomenon of homonymy has been studied linguistically to a certain extent. However, psycholinguistic, linguocognitive, and linguopoetic features, as in world linguistics, have not been specially studied. This indicates that the complete classification of the phenomenon of homonymy is controversial. References 1. Abdurahmonov G„. Hozirgi o„zbek adabiy tili I qism, - Toshkent, 1966. –B.118-127 2. Abdurahmonova M. Omonimlar turlari va shakllanishiga doir tasniflar / “O„zbek tili taraqqiyoti va xalqaro hamkorlik masalalari” Xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy konferensiya materiallari. Mas‟ul muharrir: Sh. Sirojiddinov – Toshkent, 2023. –B.59. 3. Berdialiyev A. O„zbek tilida omonim modelli ergash gapli qo„shma gaplar. – Тoshkent, 1990. –B.5 4. Rahimov S., Umurqulov B. Hozirgi o„zbek adabiy tili (darslik). – Toshkent: O„qituvchi, 2003. 5. Rahmatullayev Sh. Hozirgi adabiy o„zbek tili.– Toshkent, 2006. 6. Qilichyev E. Hozirgi o„zbek adabiy tili. – Buxoro: Buxoro universiteti nashriyoti, 1999.