620 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education Volume 01, Issue 10, 2023 ISSN (E): 2993-2769 Characteristics of the Use of Prepositions with Nouns Expressing Tense Relationship in French Mirzaev Bekmurodjon Dilmurod 2nd stage basic doctoral student of UzMU Mominova A. A. Scientific supervisor: DSc. Abstract This article analyzes the lexical-semantic features of time prepositions used with nouns expressing time relations in French. The article shows the history, meaning, and usage of French tense prepositions. In French, the preposition "dans", which expresses the time and tense of events and their beginning-ending meanings, was analyzed using examples from works of art. Keywords: preposition, compound noun, time, space, limitation, ordering, duration, time. The semantic feature of a language unit determines its place on the grammatical level and its function in speech. For this reason, each word is semantically-functionally unique and different from other lexical units. In order to determine these differences, there are several research tasks, such as semantic and grammatical analysis of French prepositions and Uzbek pure and functional auxiliaries, determining their nominative-syntagmatic position in the text, typological structural status, and their functional-semantic comparison. It is known that prepositions are one of the groups of auxiliary words, they cannot be used independently and do not function as a clause in a sentence. Prepositions bring the word to which it is linked into a syntactic relationship with another word and control it. Prepositions retain their lexical meaning when they govern the word to which they are linked. We can clearly understand it from the following examples: I am talking to my friend.// Je parle avec mon ami. In French, prepositions are associated with nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, and express concrete means such as place, time, cause, modal, vehicle. For example, My friend is working in the garden. // Mon ami travaille dans le jardin. Preposition has been studied to some extent in science. There are two views on the preposition problem in linguistic theory. Some scholars deny the independent semantic nature of prepositions and emphasize that its function is limited to expressing purely grammatical meaning. Some linguists, on the contrary, believe that the preposition has a lexical, at least a lexical-grammatical meaning. The issue of studying prepositions of the French language has attracted the attention of linguists since the 60-70s of the last century. Scholars who have studied the modern French language system emphasize that the preposition is analytical in nature. In J. Cervon's research, we see clear information about the semantics and functions of prepositions. [1, 309]. He focuses on the fact that prepositions not only express certain relations between independent words, but also that they serve to reveal and define the content of such relations. 621 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us I.A. Smirnitsky explains the objective reality of the semantic structure of prepositions as follows: "Prepositions express the connection between words and are used for the connection between the object and the object" [2. 104]. In addition, in his opinion, the preposition belongs to the group of auxiliary words, which indicate the connection and attitude of the subject to the state or situation of the subject. When studying the prepositions of French, their relationship is semantically very good compared to that of other languages. As a result of the use of simple French prepositions, it can be concluded that there are 3 types of relationships that denote them: 1. Oriented temporal; 2. Local orientation; 3. Logical connection. Prepositions of time in French are mainly used to define the time of an event or action. Prepositions of time can be divided into several categories according to the way they express an event, action or period. 1. Denoting specific time: à, à partir de, dès, vers, pour, après, avant, à la date de, à l'instant de. Il arrivera à midi (He arrives at noon). Les cours débutent à partir de septembre (Lessons start in September). 2. Expressing duration: pendant, durant, tout au long de, depuis, pour. Il a dormi pendant huit heures (He slept for eight hours). Il travaille depuis ce matin (He has been working since morning). Le film dure deux heures (The film lasts two hours). 3. Representing the past and future: dans, i l ya. Les vacances beginnment dans deux mois(Vacation starts in two months) Il est parti il y a une heure (He left an hour ago) 4. Demarcation: jusqu'à, avant, avant que. Les inscriptions sont ouvertes jusqu'à la fin du mois (Registration is open until the end of the month). Terminez le travail avant la fin de la journée (Finish the work by the end of the day)! 5. Order: après que, avant que, depuis que. Il est arrivé après que la fête ait commencing (He arrived after the party had begun). Termine tes devoirs avant que je rentre (Finish your homework before you come home). 6. Repetition: chaque, tous les, toutes les. Nous avons une réunion chaque semaine (We have a meeting every week). Il fait de l'exercice tous les matins (He exercises every morning). The preposition Dans represents the function of periodic space by delimiting the time of events, the beginning and the end of movement. That is, it means that events, objects take place not only in a place, but also at a certain time, in a certain period of time. The preposition dans is used to express seasons, processes, events, minutes, hours, moments, day, month, year, century, a certain time of a person's life or his whole life into special periodic space relations. The preposition dans appears mainly to express time intervals that happened in the past or will happen in the future. Because an object can be located in a certain place at the same time in a certain period of time. Seasons of the year have served as a period of occurrence of many events. Each season has its own events that cannot be found in other seasons. In the Springtime (dans un printemps parisien) is presented as a certain delimited period, in which the people depicted by the author take place within this period: Il u avait même un homme marié, une autre femme, tout un petit jeu de quatuor qui s'engageait dans un printemps parisien [3, 28]. There was even a married man and another woman in a small quartet play that began in the spring of Paris. Many processes are also recognized as limited periods, including several events: 622 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us In a cure, the rule of association freely induces a particular form of communication between the analysand and the analyst, whose reciprocal effects can be described... [4, 53]. In treatment, the rule of free association creates a certain form of interdependence, influence, between the diagnostician and the diagnosed. In this example, we can express a period of cure (dans une cure) with a certain time interval as finite time. During this period, analysts, that is, diagnosticians, must establish a close relationship with their patients in order to determine their pain, and be active in order to influence them. This very process, that is, the period of treatment, served as a periodic interval for a certain form of relationship between the doctor and the patient. The preposition dans is not defined by exact hours, but we can also express a certain part of the day as a time relation, with beginning and ending times: Dans la nuit, le president reprend sa décision, suspend le général et organize son départ before les caméra convoquées aupalais [5, 26]. At night, the president renewed his decision, dismissed the general and arranged for his departure in front of the cameras summoned to the palace. In our example below, although time limits are not mentioned at all by the author, we can see that a certain time served as a periodic space with the help of an event that happened at that time: Dans ces moments de bonheur fou, j'avais l'impression d'arriver à une vérité beaucoup plus evidente que les pauvres petites vérités rabâchées de mes tristesses [3, 27]. In moments of maddened happiness there arose a vision of a truth far more vivid than the poor little truths that had arisen from my grief. The preposition "dans", which is often used in combination with nouns meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, years, expresses the occurrence of some future event, that is, covers the future period of time after a certain period: Le printemps fut marque pour Tiffauges par un incident qu'on oublia au camps dans les vingt- quatre heures, mais qui modifia l'image qu'il se faisait de lui-même et de son destin en Prussia- Orientale [7, 287] . In twenty-four hours, an event that was forgotten in the camps, but changed the face of his destiny in East Prussia, marked the spring for Tiffauges. This event left an indelible impression on the hero's memory. He changed the idea of \u200b\u200bhimself and the fate of the future. In the camp where the hero lived at that time, everyone forgot about this incident twenty-four hours later (dans les vingt-quatre heures). The period of time that dramatically changed a person's life lasted twenty-four hours. From the end of this interval, that is, from the end, everyone forgot what happened, except for the hero, who started a new life. He determined the course of his future life under the influence of the events that happened in those twenty-four hours. The following example is about an event that happens after a certain time. It can be understood from the example that the new year is being welcomed. The hero of the play in a few minutes (dans quelques instants) announces the beginning of 1939: Dans quelques instants l'année 1939 and beginner [7, 159]. In a few minutes, 1939 will begin. In this example, after a very short period of a few seconds, the new year is announced. This short period is expressed as the time interval separating two years. This expression is recognized as another clear example of the preposition dans expressing the meaning of time. 623 AMERICAN Journal of Language, Literacy and Learning in STEM Education www. grnjournal.us To analyze the above expression more clearly, let's consider another similar example. Our example is a clear example of the said expression: Notre examen est dans deux mois, dit Bertrand [3, 8]. Our exam is in two months, said Bertrand. In short, the preposition dans functions as an expression of time relations, covering the boundaries of the beginning and end of the action in which a certain event occurred, the future time interval that will be at the end of a certain period. From this feature of the preposition, we can know that it also has its own characteristics in expressing time relations. Liliteraturest of used : 1. Cervoni J. La preposition. Etude semantic et pragmatic / J. Cervoni. P.: Louvain-la-Neuve, Editions Duculot, 1991. - 309p 2. Smirnitsky A.I. Syntax of the English language. M. 1957. 104 c. 3. Sagan 1 - Sagan F. Un certain sourire. Françoise Sagan. Smutnaya ulybka: A novel. Neither French. summer - M.: Manager, 2000. - 128p. 4. Sciences Humaines - Sciences Humaines. - 1997. #76. - 75 p. 5. Le Point 1 - Le Point. -2000. - #1431.- 124 p. 6. Tournier M. Le roi des Aulnes / M. Tournier. - P.: Editions Gallimard, 1970. - 605p.